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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Selected Demographic, Sociocultural and Labour Characteristics (168), Income Statistics in 2010 (3B) and Total Income Groups (7) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table

Geography Geographic index

Income statistics in 2010 (3B)^{Footnote 1}

This table details selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics , income statistics in 2010 and total income groups for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in Brantford
Global non-response rate (GNR)^{Footnote 2} = 28.0 %
Selected demographic, sociocultural and labour characteristics (168)	Total income groups (7)
	Total - Total income groups^Footnote 3	Lowest 90 percent^Footnote 4	Highest 10 percent	Lowest 95 percent^Footnote 5	Highest 5 percent	Lowest 99 percent^Footnote 6	Highest 1 percent
Total - Sex^{Footnote 7}	108,750	100,080	8,670	105,310	3,440	108,085	665
Male	52,235	46,185	6,050	49,615	2,620	51,680	555
Female	56,510	53,890	2,620	55,690	820	56,405	110
Total - Age groups^{Footnote 8}	108,750	100,080	8,670	105,310	3,440	108,085	665
15 to 24 years	17,800	17,790	0	17,795	0	17,795	0
25 to 54 years	53,925	47,825	6,095	51,695	2,225	53,530	390
25 to 34 years	15,800	15,085	720	15,655	145	15,795	0
35 to 44 years	17,175	14,720	2,460	16,310	865	17,020	155
45 to 54 years	20,945	18,025	2,920	19,730	1,220	20,715	230
55 to 64 years	17,990	16,035	1,955	17,110	880	17,780	205
65 years and over	19,040	18,425	615	18,705	330	18,970	65
65 to 74 years	10,595	10,135	455	10,335	260	10,530	65
75 years and over	8,445	8,285	155	8,370	75	8,440	0
Population in private households by marital status^{Footnote 9}	108,745	100,075	8,670	105,310	3,440	108,085	665
Married or living with a common-law partner	64,115	56,770	7,345	61,155	2,965	63,510	600
Married (and not separated)	53,310	46,725	6,590	50,615	2,690	52,735	570
Living common law	10,810	10,050	760	10,540	275	10,780	30
Not married and not living with a common-law partner	44,630	43,310	1,320	44,155	475	44,570	60
Single (never legally married)	28,225	27,795	435	28,110	120	28,220	0
Separated	3,830	3,605	225	3,755	70	3,820	0
Divorced	6,315	5,870	445	6,155	165	6,275	40
Widowed	6,260	6,040	220	6,140	125	6,250	10
Total - Household living arrangements^{Footnote 10}	108,745	100,075	8,670	105,310	3,440	108,085	665
Total persons in households with at least one census family	92,090	84,210	7,880	88,910	3,175	91,480	610
Married spouses, common-law partners	63,655	56,330	7,325	60,710	2,945	63,050	605
Lone parents	7,315	6,930	385	7,165	150	7,310	0
Children in families with two parents present	13,200	13,130	70	13,170	35	13,205	0
Children in families with one parent present	5,540	5,525	15	5,535	0	5,540	0
Persons not in census families, living with relatives^{Footnote 11}	1,435	1,365	65	1,385	45	1,430	0
Persons not in census families, living with non-relatives only	945	925	20	945	0	940	0
Total persons in non-census family households	16,660	15,870	785	16,395	260	16,600	55
Living with relatives^{Footnote 12}	710	705	0	710	0	710	0
Living with non-relatives only	2,715	2,650	65	2,695	0	2,715	0
Living alone	13,230	12,515	715	12,990	245	13,180	55
Total - Economic family status and economic family structure^{Footnote 13}	108,750	100,080	8,670	105,305	3,440	108,085	665
Economic family persons	91,860	83,990	7,865	88,680	3,180	91,245	610
Couple family	78,025	70,605	7,415	75,040	2,980	77,420	600
Couple only	27,330	25,275	2,050	26,450	885	27,115	215
Couple with children	49,520	44,250	5,275	47,470	2,050	49,145	375
Couple with other relatives only	1,175	1,080	90	1,125	55	1,165	0
Lone-parent family	11,920	11,550	375	11,765	155	11,910	0
Female-parent family	9,855	9,635	225	9,795	60	9,855	0
Female-parent family with no other relatives	9,300	9,075	225	9,240	60	9,300	0
Male-parent family	2,065	1,915	150	1,970	95	2,055	0
Male-parent family with no other relatives	1,995	1,840	150	1,900	95	1,985	0
Other economic family^{Footnote 14}	1,915	1,835	80	1,870	40	1,915	0
Persons not in an economic family	16,890	16,085	805	16,630	260	16,835	55
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity	108,745	100,080	8,670	105,310	3,440	108,080	660
Aboriginal identity^{Footnote 15}	7,975	7,715	255	7,890	85	7,965	0
First Nations (North American Indian) single identity^{Footnote 16}	7,280	7,080	200	7,230	45	7,270	0
Métis single identity	490	440	55	460	0	490	0
Inuk (Inuit) single identity	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Multiple Aboriginal identities^{Footnote 17}	55	55	0	60	0	60	0
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere^{Footnote 18}	135	130	0	125	0	135	0
Non-Aboriginal identity	100,775	92,365	8,410	97,420	3,355	100,120	660
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian status^{Footnote 19}	108,750	100,080	8,670	105,310	3,435	108,085	665
Registered or Treaty Indian^{Footnote 20}	6,605	6,430	175	6,560	45	6,600	0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	102,145	93,650	8,495	98,750	3,395	101,485	660
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 21}	108,750	100,080	8,670	105,310	3,440	108,080	665
Aboriginal ancestry^{Footnote 22}	9,135	8,785	355	9,055	85	9,105	35
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry^{Footnote 23}	8,600	8,275	320	8,520	80	8,565	35
Métis ancestry	480	445	35	475	0	480	0
Inuit ancestry	105	105	0	100	0	105	0
Non-Aboriginal ancestry only^{Footnote 24}	99,610	91,295	8,315	96,255	3,355	98,975	630
Total - Generation status^{Footnote 25}	108,745	100,075	8,670	105,305	3,440	108,085	665
First generation^{Footnote 26}	15,505	14,320	1,185	14,940	565	15,385	120
Second generation^{Footnote 27}	20,405	18,385	2,025	19,585	820	20,270	135
Third generation or more^{Footnote 28}	72,835	67,375	5,465	70,785	2,050	72,430	410
Total - Population by visible minority^{Footnote 29}	108,750	100,080	8,670	105,310	3,440	108,085	665
Total visible minority population^{Footnote 30}	5,625	5,240	385	5,455	170	5,595	30
South Asian^{Footnote 31}	1,185	1,025	165	1,095	90	1,170	20
Chinese	645	580	60	615	30	640	0
Black	1,345	1,275	65	1,340	0	1,340	0
Filipino	400	365	35	390	0	395	0
Latin American	400	380	20	385	0	400	0
Arab	365	355	0	365	0	365	0
Southeast Asian^{Footnote 32}	645	620	0	625	0	640	0
West Asian^{Footnote 33}	60	60	0	60	0	60	0
Korean	220	215	0	220	0	220	0
Japanese	95	90	0	85	0	90	0
Visible minority, n.i.e.^{Footnote 34}	110	110	0	110	0	110	0
Multiple visible minorities^{Footnote 35}	160	160	0	160	0	160	0
Not a visible minority^{Footnote 36}	103,120	94,835	8,285	99,855	3,265	102,485	640
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration^{Footnote 37}	108,750	100,080	8,670	105,305	3,435	108,085	665
Non-immigrants^{Footnote 38}	93,455	85,960	7,500	90,575	2,885	92,910	550
Immigrants^{Footnote 39}	14,635	13,510	1,125	14,110	530	14,530	110
Before 1981	8,935	8,210	725	8,580	355	8,855	80
1981 to 1990	1,765	1,650	120	1,715	55	1,760	0
1991 to 2000	2,110	1,980	130	2,060	60	2,100	0
2001 to 2009	1,735	1,580	150	1,670	65	1,730	0
2001 to 2005	1,030	955	75	1,010	20	1,035	0
2006 to 2009	705	625	75	655	50	695	0
Total - Mother tongue^{Footnote 40}	108,745	100,080	8,665	105,310	3,440	108,080	665
English	95,630	87,985	7,645	92,710	2,920	95,085	550
French	1,190	1,090	95	1,150	45	1,175	0
Non-official language	11,350	10,455	895	10,875	475	11,255	100
Aboriginal	285	280	0	285	0	285	0
Non-Aboriginal	11,060	10,175	885	10,595	470	10,965	100
English and French	45	45	0	45	0	45	0
English and non-official language	490	465	30	490	0	490	0
French and non-official language	35	35	0	35	0	30	0
English, French and non-official language	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Total - First official language spoken^{Footnote 41}	108,750	100,080	8,670	105,305	3,440	108,085	665
English	107,095	98,545	8,550	103,720	3,380	106,450	645
French	1,080	985	95	1,045	40	1,065	0
English and French	150	140	0	140	0	150	0
Neither English nor French	420	405	0	405	0	420	0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 42}	108,750	100,080	8,670	105,310	3,440	108,080	660
No certificate, diploma or degree	26,245	25,855	385	26,060	180	26,220	20
High school diploma or equivalent^{Footnote 43}	30,905	29,590	1,320	30,455	450	30,845	55
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 44}	51,605	44,635	6,965	48,790	2,810	51,015	590
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	38,415	34,725	3,685	37,150	1,260	38,250	165
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma^{Footnote 45}	10,260	9,365	895	9,945	315	10,220	35
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma	24,890	22,515	2,380	24,080	810	24,795	100
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level^{Footnote 46}	3,260	2,845	415	3,125	135	3,230	35
University certificate, diploma or degree at bachelor level or above	13,190	9,910	3,280	11,635	1,550	12,765	425
Bachelor's degree	8,695	6,870	1,825	7,895	800	8,470	225
University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level^{Footnote 47}	4,495	3,035	1,460	3,750	750	4,295	205
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2011^{Footnote 48}	108,745	100,075	8,670	105,310	3,440	108,080	665
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree^{Footnote 49}	57,145	55,445	1,700	56,515	630	57,070	75
Education	3,775	2,985	795	3,590	190	3,775	0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,685	1,585	95	1,660	25	1,685	0
Humanities	2,635	2,290	345	2,520	110	2,625	0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,090	4,425	665	4,735	355	4,910	180
Business, management and public administration	8,985	7,860	1,130	8,440	545	8,905	85
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,210	950	260	1,085	125	1,180	25
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,370	1,185	190	1,285	90	1,360	10
Architecture, engineering, and related technologies	11,660	9,820	1,840	10,925	730	11,540	115
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,280	1,145	135	1,215	70	1,250	30
Health and related fields^{Footnote 50}	9,155	8,015	1,145	8,715	445	9,035	125
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,710	4,345	370	4,585	125	4,705	0
Other fields of study^{Footnote 51}	40	40	0	40	0	40	0
Total - Industry - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2007^{Footnote 52}	108,750	100,075	8,670	105,305	3,440	108,085	665
Industry - Not applicable^{Footnote 53}	33,660	33,265	395	33,465	195	33,610	50
All industries^{Footnote 54}	75,090	66,815	8,275	71,840	3,250	74,475	615
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,760	1,700	65	1,730	30	1,765	0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	60	0	65	0	65	0
22 Utilities	420	250	165	305	110	415	0
23 Construction	4,825	4,370	455	4,630	195	4,795	35
31-33 Manufacturing	12,245	10,360	1,890	11,560	690	12,175	75
41 Wholesale trade	3,595	3,080	515	3,400	195	3,565	30
44-45 Retail trade	8,950	8,495	455	8,705	240	8,905	50
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,300	4,110	190	4,245	55	4,290	0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,030	940	85	1,015	15	1,020	0
52 Finance and insurance	1,920	1,555	365	1,695	225	1,865	55
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,315	1,120	195	1,200	115	1,255	60
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,145	2,710	435	2,860	290	3,030	115
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	20	0	20	0	35	0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,180	4,055	125	4,120	55	4,150	25
61 Educational services	5,060	3,945	1,115	4,820	235	5,060	0
62 Health care and social assistance	8,385	7,400	980	8,035	350	8,280	100
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,090	2,070	20	2,085	0	2,090	0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,870	4,810	65	4,850	25	4,865	0
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,245	3,040	205	3,170	80	3,230	0
91 Public administration	3,650	2,725	925	3,335	315	3,615	35
Total - Occupation - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2011^{Footnote 55}	108,750	100,080	8,670	105,310	3,440	108,080	665
Occupation - Not applicable^{Footnote 56}	33,660	33,265	395	33,465	190	33,605	50
All occupations^{Footnote 57}	75,090	66,815	8,270	71,840	3,245	74,475	615
0 Management occupations	7,345	5,190	2,150	6,120	1,225	7,135	210
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,710	10,085	630	10,445	270	10,675	40
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,035	2,470	565	2,820	210	3,005	25
3 Health occupations	4,585	3,730	850	4,235	345	4,465	115
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,385	6,610	1,775	7,905	485	8,275	110
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,825	1,790	35	1,825	0	1,830	0
6 Sales and service occupations	17,800	17,230	570	17,505	295	17,720	80
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,805	11,720	1,085	12,530	280	12,785	0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,680	1,655	20	1,660	15	1,675	0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	6,905	6,320	585	6,795	115	6,910	0

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, Old Age Security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employers contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

Receipts not counted as income - The income concept excluded gambling gains and losses, lottery prizes, money inherited during the year in a lump sum, capital gains or losses, receipts from the sale of property, income tax refunds, loan payments received, lump sum settlements of insurance policies, rebates received on property taxes, refunds of pension contributions, as well as all income 'in kind,' such as free meals and living accommodations, or agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median.

Exceptionally, in this table, median income is calculated from all the individuals in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) either with or without income.

Average income of individuals - Exceptionally, in this table, refers to the weighted mean total income of all individuals aged 15 and over whether they reported income for 2010 or not.

Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated in this table for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age whether they have an income (positive or negative) or not.

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Footnote 2

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 3

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The percentiles of the distribution were calculated for the population aged 15 years and over in private households of Canada with income and without income (with an income of zero). The total income groups are such that the indicated percentage of the Canadian population aged 15 years and over in private households is in each group.

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Footnote 4

A total income of less than $80,420 is required to be in the lowest 90 percent.

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Footnote 5

A total income of less than $102,305 is required to be in the lowest 95 percent.

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Footnote 6

A total income of less than $191,147 is required to be in the lowest 99 percent.

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Footnote 7

Sex
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to whether the person is male or female.

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Footnote 8

Age
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the age at last birthday before the reference date, that is, before May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 9

Marital status
Refers to the marital status of the person, taking into account his/her common-law status. Persons who are married or living common law may be of opposite sex or of the same sex. The classification is as follows:
Married (and not separated): A person who is married and has not separated or obtained a divorce, and whose spouse is living.

Common-law: A person who is living with another person as a couple but who is not legally married to that person.

Separated: A person who is married but who no longer lives with his/her spouse (for any reason other than illness, work or school) and who has not obtained a divorce. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Divorced: A person who has obtained a legal divorce and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Widowed: A person who has lost his/her spouse through death and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

Single (never legally married): A person who has never married or a person whose marriage has been annulled and who has not remarried. Persons living common law are not included in this category.

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Footnote 10

Household living arrangements
Part A - Short definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, and whether they are family persons or persons not in a census family.

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to the classification of persons as members of a family household or of a non-family household, that is, whether or not they are living in a household that contains at least one census family, and whether they are members of a census family or not in a census family. Persons not in census families are further classified as living with relatives, living with non-relatives (only) or living alone.

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Footnote 11

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 12

Non-relatives may be present.

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Footnote 13

Economic family status - Refers to the classification of the population according to whether or not the persons are members of an economic family.

Economic family persons refer to two or more household members who are related to each other by blood, marriage, common-law, adoption or a foster relationship, and thereby constitute an economic family.

Persons not in economic families refer to household members who do not belong to an economic family, including persons living alone.

Economic family structure - Refers to the classification of economic families as couple families, lone-parent families or other economic families.

Couple families - Those in which a member of either a married or common-law couple is the economic family reference person.

Lone-parent families - Those in which either a male or female lone parent is the economic family reference person.

Other economic families - Those in which the economic family reference person has other relatives but does not have a married spouse or common-law partner or a child in their census family.

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Footnote 14

This category includes economic families where the reference person does not have a spouse or partner, nor a child in the family, only other relatives.

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Footnote 15

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 16

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 17

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 18

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 19

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Footnote 20

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 21

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 22

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 23

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Footnote 24

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 25

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 26

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 27

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 28

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 29

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups: South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 30

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 31

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 33

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 34

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 36

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 37

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 38

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 39

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 40

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 41

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable

Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Footnote 42

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 43

'High school diploma or equivalent' includes persons who have graduated from a secondary school or equivalent. It excludes persons with a postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 44

'Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes 'apprenticeship or trades certificates or diplomas,' 'college, CEGEP or other non-university certificates or diplomas' and university certificates, diplomas and degrees.

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Footnote 45

'Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma' includes Registered Apprenticeship certificates (including Certificate of Qualification, Journeyperson's designation) and other trades certificates or diplomas such as pre-employment or vocational certificates and diplomas from brief trade programs completed at community colleges, institutes of technology, vocational centres, and similar institutions.

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Footnote 46

Comparisons with other data sources suggest that the category 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' was over-reported in the NHS. This category likely includes some responses that are actually college certificates or diplomas, bachelor's degrees or other types of education (e.g., university transfer programs, bachelor's programs completed in other countries, incomplete bachelor's programs, non-university professional designations). We recommend users interpret the results for the 'University certificate or diploma below bachelor level' category with caution.

For any other comments on data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 47

'University certificate, diploma or degree above bachelor level' includes the categories 'University certificate or diploma above bachelor level,' 'Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry,' 'Master's degree' and 'Earned doctorate.'

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Footnote 48

'Major field of study' is defined as the main discipline or subject of learning. It is collected for the highest certificate, diploma or degree above the high school or secondary school level and classified according to the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) Canada 2011. This variable shows the 'primary groupings,' a CIP variant.

For more information on the CIP classification, see the Classification of Instructional Programs, Canada 2011, Catalogue no. 12-590-X available from: www.statcan.gc.ca/concepts/classification-eng.htm.

We recommend that users not make comparisons between categories of the CIP Canada 2011 and the CIP Canada 2000 classification systems on the basis of their labels. Even though many entries in the two classifications are similar, direct comparison could be inappropriate, given the numerous changes made at the detailed level to update the classification.

For comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 49

'No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree' includes persons who have not completed an apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma, a college, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma or a university certificate, diploma or degree.

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Footnote 50

Called 'Health, parks, recreation and fitness' in CIP Canada 2000.

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Footnote 51

Includes 'Multidisciplinary/interdisciplinary studies, other.'

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Footnote 52

Refers to the general nature of the business carried out in the establishment where the person worked. The 2011 National Household Survey industry data are produced according to the NAICS 2007.

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Footnote 53

Unemployed persons aged 15 years and over who have never worked for pay or in self-employment or who had last worked prior to January 1, 2010 only.

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Footnote 54

Experienced labour force refers to persons who, during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, were employed and the unemployed who had last worked for pay or in self-employment in either 2010 or 2011.

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Footnote 55

Refers to the kind of work performed by persons during the week of Sunday, May 1 to Saturday, May 7, 2011, as determined by their kind of work and the description of the main activities in their job. The 2011 National Household Survey occupation data are produced according to the NOC 2011.

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Footnote 56