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2011 National Household Survey: Data tables

Tabulation: Income and Earnings Statistics in 2010 (16), Age Groups (8C), Sex (3), Work activity in 2010 (3), Highest Certificate, Diploma or Degree (6) and Selected Sociocultural Characteristics (60) for the Population Aged 15 Years and Over in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2011 National Household Survey

Data table

Select data categories for this table


This table details income and earnings statistics in 2010 , age groups , sex , work activity in 2010 , highest certificate, diploma or degree and selected sociocultural characteristics for the population aged 15 years and over in private households in SaskatchewanFootnote 2
Global non-response rate (GNR)Footnote 3 = 29.3 %
Selected sociocultural characteristics (60) Income and earnings statistics in 2010 (16)
Total - Income statistics in 2010Footnote 4 Without income With income Median incomeFootnote 5 Average incomeFootnote 6 Without after-tax income With after-tax income Median after-tax incomeFootnote 7 Average after-tax incomeFootnote 8 Total - Employment income statistics in 2010Footnote 9 With employment income Median employment incomeFootnote 10 Average employment incomeFootnote 11 With wages and salaries Median wages and salariesFootnote 12 Average wages and salariesFootnote 13
Total - Population by Aboriginal identity 812,500 36,305 776,195 31,408 40,798 36,360 776,145 28,792 34,327 812,505 588,020 31,799 40,730 527,465 33,772 42,189
Aboriginal identityFootnote 14 103,960 10,840 93,120 18,092 26,354 10,840 93,120 17,866 23,643 103,960 58,265 24,231 31,222 56,520 24,574 31,474
First Nations (North American Indian) single identityFootnote 15 63,930 7,925 56,000 14,584 21,422 7,930 56,000 14,570 19,979 63,925 30,580 20,215 27,082 30,010 20,274 27,087
Métis single identity 38,620 2,790 35,830 25,549 33,239 2,785 35,835 24,338 28,823 38,620 26,795 29,107 35,127 25,665 29,902 35,761
Inuk (Inuit) single identity 150 35 120 21,364 26,132 30 120 21,364 23,445 150 65 32,588 34,069 50 35,971 35,069
Multiple Aboriginal identitiesFootnote 16 390 35 355 15,862 29,150 35 355 15,862 25,309 385 275 12,031 30,285 270 14,097 30,752
Aboriginal identities not included elsewhereFootnote 17 875 60 815 30,555 61,224 55 815 27,373 46,861 875 545 32,005 71,506 520 32,697 73,335
Non-Aboriginal identity 708,545 25,465 683,075 33,343 42,767 25,520 683,025 30,197 35,784 708,540 529,755 32,886 41,775 470,945 34,944 43,475
Total - Population by Registered or Treaty Indian statusFootnote 18 812,505 36,305 776,200 31,408 40,798 36,360 776,145 28,792 34,327 812,500 588,020 31,799 40,730 527,460 33,772 42,189
Registered or Treaty IndianFootnote 19 61,645 7,610 54,040 14,385 21,406 7,610 54,040 14,378 19,939 61,650 29,230 19,963 27,241 28,770 19,999 27,267
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian 750,855 28,695 722,155 32,928 42,249 28,745 722,105 29,893 35,404 750,850 558,790 32,647 41,435 498,690 34,683 43,050
Total - Population by Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 20 812,500 36,305 776,195 31,408 40,798 36,360 776,145 28,792 34,327 812,505 588,020 31,799 40,730 527,460 33,772 42,189
Aboriginal ancestryFootnote 21 105,435 10,755 94,685 18,469 27,072 10,755 94,685 18,217 24,162 105,435 60,705 24,521 31,657 58,760 24,748 31,816
First Nations (North American Indian) ancestryFootnote 22 77,570 8,880 68,695 16,378 24,243 8,880 68,690 16,232 22,058 77,570 40,260 22,113 29,651 39,300 22,286 29,724
Métis ancestry 32,415 2,215 30,200 26,578 34,097 2,215 30,205 25,248 29,415 32,420 23,560 29,319 35,384 22,510 29,806 35,737
Inuit ancestry 255 35 225 32,861 33,518 35 225 30,581 30,215 260 155 31,319 37,887 140 31,338 40,417
Non-Aboriginal ancestry onlyFootnote 23 707,065 25,555 681,515 33,308 42,705 25,605 681,460 30,175 35,740 707,065 527,310 32,905 41,774 468,705 34,951 43,489
Total - Generation statusFootnote 24 812,500 36,310 776,200 31,408 40,798 36,355 776,145 28,792 34,327 812,500 588,015 31,799 40,730 527,465 33,772 42,189
First generationFootnote 25 68,835 4,860 63,975 28,593 39,276 4,870 63,965 26,498 33,167 68,835 47,100 29,735 40,276 43,465 30,284 39,399
Second generationFootnote 26 121,950 2,325 119,625 28,041 38,447 2,355 119,595 26,183 32,948 121,945 65,990 26,331 37,051 52,035 32,078 42,325
Third generation or moreFootnote 27 621,720 29,120 592,595 32,634 41,437 29,130 592,585 29,652 34,731 621,715 474,925 32,845 41,286 431,970 34,252 42,453
Total - Population by visible minorityFootnote 28 812,500 36,305 776,200 31,408 40,798 36,355 776,145 28,792 34,327 812,505 588,015 31,799 40,730 527,460 33,772 42,189
Total visible minority populationFootnote 29 47,230 4,550 42,680 26,501 35,396 4,555 42,675 24,775 30,060 47,230 34,515 27,540 36,318 32,990 27,840 35,983
South AsianFootnote 30 8,910 730 8,180 21,896 36,677 735 8,175 21,221 30,566 8,910 6,405 21,704 35,235 5,970 21,771 34,530
Chinese 9,370 600 8,775 24,973 35,520 600 8,770 23,716 30,048 9,370 6,475 29,548 38,537 6,025 30,142 38,661
Black 5,045 460 4,585 27,728 41,068 460 4,585 25,478 33,540 5,050 3,805 29,162 42,948 3,660 29,340 42,594
Filipino 11,735 1,605 10,130 29,995 34,177 1,605 10,130 27,159 29,654 11,730 9,085 29,188 34,009 8,905 29,475 33,706
Latin American 2,665 205 2,465 31,242 36,558 205 2,460 28,738 31,343 2,665 2,070 31,551 36,744 1,960 31,491 36,084
Arab 1,380 85 1,300 22,373 35,754 80 1,300 21,844 30,478 1,380 860 28,388 41,212 815 28,940 40,897
Southeast AsianFootnote 31 3,850 405 3,435 25,128 31,745 410 3,440 23,992 27,830 3,845 2,840 26,046 33,335 2,745 26,018 33,346
West AsianFootnote 32 1,165 85 1,080 22,673 27,275 85 1,080 21,699 24,154 1,165 860 24,939 28,762 840 22,253 28,763
Korean 1,005 180 820 17,064 25,065 180 820 17,064 21,890 1,000 590 19,829 29,234 585 19,986 29,317
Japanese 475 25 455 29,675 45,082 20 455 29,675 37,246 480 405 34,347 42,000 400 20,931 40,434
Visible minority, n.i.e.Footnote 33 490 50 435 22,186 29,469 50 435 21,333 25,724 485 345 20,210 33,231 330 20,209 32,959
Multiple visible minoritiesFootnote 34 1,140 120 1,015 25,600 34,814 125 1,020 25,578 29,844 1,140 770 29,522 37,785 755 28,914 37,131
Not a visible minorityFootnote 35 765,270 31,755 733,515 31,769 41,112 31,805 733,470 29,052 34,576 765,270 553,500 32,113 41,005 494,470 34,186 42,603
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigrationFootnote 36 812,505 36,305 776,195 31,408 40,798 36,355 776,140 28,792 34,327 812,505 588,020 31,799 40,730 527,465 33,772 42,189
Non-immigrantsFootnote 37 744,685 31,480 713,205 31,729 40,942 31,525 713,160 29,017 34,436 744,685 541,735 32,050 40,779 484,770 34,041 42,445
ImmigrantsFootnote 38 60,500 4,470 56,035 29,873 40,661 4,470 56,030 27,512 34,287 60,500 41,075 30,353 41,231 37,655 31,528 40,441
Before 1981 19,020 180 18,835 33,254 48,965 185 18,835 30,548 40,609 19,020 10,220 35,066 53,688 8,600 40,599 52,340
1981 to 1990 6,020 75 5,945 35,273 45,359 75 5,950 31,624 37,973 6,020 4,800 37,345 46,917 4,250 39,637 47,406
1991 to 2000 8,575 265 8,300 31,413 38,725 265 8,305 28,669 33,090 8,575 6,650 33,568 40,372 6,205 33,815 40,628
2001 to 2009 19,725 1,220 18,500 27,101 34,370 1,225 18,500 25,588 29,579 19,720 15,760 27,358 34,794 15,065 27,977 34,499
2001 to 2005 6,670 380 6,295 28,110 37,808 380 6,300 26,164 32,270 6,675 5,360 28,915 37,700 4,935 29,964 37,875
2006 to 2009 13,050 845 12,205 26,740 32,597 845 12,205 25,268 28,191 13,050 10,405 26,892 33,298 10,125 26,973 32,853
Total - Mother tongueFootnote 39 812,500 36,305 776,195 31,408 40,798 36,355 776,145 28,792 34,327 812,500 588,020 31,799 40,730 527,460 33,772 42,189
English 687,980 29,385 658,600 33,038 42,097 29,430 658,550 29,960 35,242 687,980 517,480 32,768 41,425 466,090 34,509 42,906
French 13,380 160 13,220 31,458 42,190 160 13,220 28,703 35,733 13,380 8,605 32,633 42,161 7,075 37,596 46,704
Non-official language 103,485 6,295 97,185 22,570 32,290 6,305 97,180 21,878 28,283 103,485 57,035 25,735 34,623 49,815 27,827 35,307
Aboriginal 24,140 2,100 22,040 15,144 21,124 2,100 22,045 15,076 19,915 24,140 9,980 22,793 29,532 9,785 23,356 29,755
Non-Aboriginal 79,345 4,200 75,145 25,856 35,565 4,210 75,135 24,418 30,737 79,345 47,055 26,144 35,703 40,030 29,068 36,664
English and French 645 15 640 22,264 29,652 15 635 21,311 26,425 650 410 20,665 26,086 355 27,143 29,341
English and non-official language 6,560 430 6,130 24,455 34,753 430 6,130 23,313 30,023 6,560 4,165 27,122 36,681 3,825 28,532 37,576
French and non-official language 415 0 395 32,828 34,169 0 395 27,973 29,168 415 310 32,884 36,754 290 32,992 37,339
English, French and non-official language 35 0 35 15,578 27,457 0 35 15,578 25,316 35 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total - First official language spokenFootnote 40 812,500 36,305 776,195 31,408 40,798 36,355 776,145 28,792 34,327 812,500 588,015 31,799 40,730 527,465 33,772 42,189
English 797,555 35,770 761,785 31,468 40,829 35,820 761,735 28,844 34,345 797,555 579,015 31,821 40,734 519,935 33,766 42,164
French 11,760 175 11,585 31,901 42,547 175 11,580 28,961 36,036 11,755 7,600 32,726 42,429 6,245 37,960 46,938
English and French 660 125 535 26,707 39,033 125 535 24,019 33,085 660 405 21,738 36,887 355 31,293 39,300
Neither English nor French 2,535 245 2,290 17,661 21,964 240 2,290 17,565 19,974 2,530 1,010 20,653 26,796 935 20,998 25,210

Symbol(s)

Symbol ..

not available for a specific reference period

..

Symbol ...

not applicable

...

Symbol x

suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

x

Symbol F

too unreliable to be published

F

Footnote(s)

Footnote 1

'Highest certificate, diploma or degree' refers to the highest certificate, diploma or degree completed based on a hierarchy which is generally related to the amount of time spent 'in-class.' For postsecondary completers, a university education is considered to be a higher level of schooling than a college education, while a college education is considered to be a higher level of education than in the trades. Although some trades requirements may take as long or longer to complete than a given college or university program, the majority of time is spent in on-the-job paid training and less time is spent in the classroom.

For further definitions, refer to the National Household Survey Dictionary, Catalogue no. 99-000-X. For any comments on collection, dissemination or data quality for this variable, refer to the Education Reference Guide, National Household Survey, Catalogue no. 99-012-X2011006.

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Footnote 2

Excludes National Household Survey data for one or more incompletely enumerated Indian reserves or Indian settlements.

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Footnote 3

For the 2011 National Household Survey (NHS) estimates, the global non-response rate (GNR) is used as an indicator of data quality. This indicator combines complete non-response (household) and partial non-response (question) into a single rate. The value of the GNR is presented to users. A smaller GNR indicates a lower risk of non-response bias and as a result, lower risk of inaccuracy. The threshold used for estimates' suppression is a GNR of 50% or more. For more information, please refer to the National Household Survey User Guide, 2011.

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Footnote 4

Total income - Total income refers to monetary receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during calendar year 2010. It includes employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities); income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, employment insurance, old age security pension, Canada or Quebec pension plan benefits and disability income; income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and RRIFs; income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, GICs and mutual funds; and other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. It excludes one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump sum insurance settlements, capital gains and RRSP withdrawals. Capital gains are excluded because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are less likely to be fully spent in the period in which they are received, unlike income that is regular and recurring. Also excluded are employer's contributions to registered pension plans, Canada and Quebec pension plans, and employment insurance. Finally, voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter, and goods produced for own consumption are excluded from this total income definition.

After-tax income - Refers to total income from all sources minus federal, provincial and territorial income taxes paid for 2010.

Median income of individuals - The median income of a specified group of income recipients is that amount which divides their income size distribution into two halves, i.e., the incomes of the first half of individuals are below the median, while those of the second half are above the median. Median income is calculated from the individuals with income in that group (e.g., males aged 45 to 54).

Average income of individuals - Average income of individuals refers to the weighted mean total income of individuals aged 15 years and over who reported income for 2010. Average income is calculated from unrounded data by dividing the aggregate income of a specified group of individuals (e.g., males aged 45 to 54) by the number of individuals with income in that group.

Median and average incomes of individuals will be calculated for those individuals who are at least 15 years of age and who have an income (positive or negative).

These statistics can be derived for after-tax income, earnings, wages and salaries, or any other particular source of income in the same manner.

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Footnote 5

For population with income.

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Footnote 6

For population with income.

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Footnote 7

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 8

For population with after-tax income.

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Footnote 9

Earnings or employment income - Refers to total income received by persons aged 15 years and over during calendar year 2010 as wages and salaries, net income from a non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice, and/or net farm self-employment income.

Wages and salaries - Refers to gross wages and salaries before deductions for such items as income tax, pensions and Employment Insurance. Included in this source are military pay and allowances, tips, commissions and cash bonuses, benefits from wage-loss replacement plans or income-maintenance insurance plans, supplementary unemployment benefits from an employer or union as well as all types of casual earnings during calendar year 2010. Other employment income such as taxable benefits, research grants and royalties are included.

Net farm income - Refers to net income (gross receipts from farm sales minus depreciation and cost of operation) received during calendar year 2010 from the operation of a farm, either on the respondent's own account or in partnership. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share of income was reported. Included with gross receipts are cash advances received in 2010, dividends from cooperatives, rebates and farm-support payments to farmers from federal, provincial and regional agricultural programs (for example, milk subsidies and marketing board payments) and gross insurance proceeds such as payments from the AgriInvest and AgriStability programs. The value of income 'in kind,' such as agricultural products produced and consumed on the farm, is excluded.

Net non-farm income from unincorporated business and/or professional practice - Refers to net income (gross receipts minus expenses of operation such as wages, rents and depreciation) received during calendar year 2010 from the respondent's non-farm unincorporated business or professional practice. In the case of partnerships, only the respondent's share was reported. Also included is net income from persons babysitting in their own homes, persons providing room and board to non-relatives, self-employed fishers, hunters and trappers, operators of direct distributorships such as those selling and delivering cosmetics, as well as freelance activities of artists, writers, music teachers, hairdressers, dressmakers, etc.

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Footnote 10

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 11

For population with employment income.

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Footnote 12

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 13

For population with wages and salaries.

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Footnote 14

'Aboriginal identity' includes persons who reported being an Aboriginal person, that is, First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) and/or those who reported Registered or Treaty Indian status, that is registered under the Indian Act of Canada, and/or those who reported membership in a First Nation or Indian band. Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada.

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Footnote 15

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.


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Footnote 16

'Multiple Aboriginal identities' includes persons who reported being any two or all three of the following: First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit).

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Footnote 17

'Aboriginal identities not included elsewhere' includes persons who did not report being First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuk (Inuit) but who did report Registered or Treaty Indian status and/or membership in a First Nation or Indian band.

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Footnote 18

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 19

Registered or Treaty Indian Status refers to whether or not a person reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian.
'Registered or Treaty Indian' includes persons who reported being a Registered or Treaty Indian in Question 20. Registered Indians are persons who are registered under the Indian Act of Canada. Treaty Indians are persons who belong to a First Nation or Indian band that signed a treaty with the Crown. Registered or Treaty Indians are sometimes also called Status Indians.

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Footnote 20

This is a total population estimate. The sum of the ancestries in this table is greater than the total population estimate because a person may report more than one ancestry (ethnic origin) in the NHS.

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Footnote 21

'Aboriginal ancestry' includes persons who reported one or more than one of First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17, either with or without also reporting a non-Aboriginal ancestry. The sum of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry', 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' is thus greater than the sum of the total for 'Aboriginal ancestry' because persons who reported more than one Aboriginal ancestry are included in the response category for each Aboriginal ancestry they reported. All respondents with Aboriginal ancestry are counted in at least one of the categories 'First Nations (North American Indian) ancestry,' 'Métis ancestry' and 'Inuit ancestry' and also in the category 'Aboriginal ancestry.'
Aboriginal peoples of Canada are defined in the Constitution Act, 1982, section 35 (2) as including the Indian, Inuit and Métis peoples of Canada. Ancestry refers to the ethnic or cultural origins of the respondent's ancestors, an ancestor being usually more distant than a grandparent. A person can have more than one ethnic or cultural origin.

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Footnote 22

Users should be aware that the estimates associated with this variable are more affected than most by the incomplete enumeration of certain Indian reserves and Indian settlements in the National Household Survey (NHS). In 2011, there were a total of 36 Indian reserves and Indian settlements that were 'incompletely enumerated' in the NHS. For these reserves or settlements, NHS enumeration was either not permitted or was interrupted before it could be completed, or was not possible because of natural events (specifically forest fires in Northern Ontario). For additional information, please refer to the Aboriginal Peoples Reference Guide, National Household Survey, 2011.

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Footnote 23

'Non-Aboriginal ancestry only' includes persons who did not report First Nations (North American Indian), Métis or Inuit ancestry in Question 17.

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Footnote 24

Generation status
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Generation status refers to whether or not the person or the person's parents were born in Canada. It identifies persons as being first generation, second generation or third generation or more.

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Footnote 25

'First generation' includes persons who were born outside Canada. For the most part, these are people who are now, or have ever been, immigrants to Canada.

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Footnote 26

'Second generation' includes persons who were born in Canada and had at least one parent born outside Canada. For the most part, these are the children of immigrants.

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Footnote 27

'Third generation or more' includes persons who were born in Canada with both parents born in Canada.

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Footnote 28

Visible minority
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Visible minority refers to whether a person belongs to a visible minority group as defined by the Employment Equity Act and, if so, the visible minority group to which the person belongs. The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.' The visible minority population consists mainly of the following groups:  South Asian, Chinese, Black, Filipino, Latin American, Arab, Southeast Asian, West Asian, Korean and Japanese.

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Footnote 29

The Employment Equity Act defines visible minorities as 'persons, other than Aboriginal peoples, who are non-Caucasian in race or non-white in colour.'

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Footnote 30

For example, 'East Indian,' 'Pakistani,' 'Sri Lankan,' etc.

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Footnote 31

For example, 'Vietnamese,' 'Cambodian,' 'Malaysian,' 'Laotian,' etc.

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Footnote 32

For example, 'Iranian,' 'Afghan,' etc.

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Footnote 33

The abbreviation 'n.i.e.' means 'not included elsewhere.' Includes respondents who reported a write-in response such as 'Guyanese,' 'West Indian,' 'Tibetan,' 'Polynesian,' 'Pacific Islander,' etc.

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Footnote 34

Includes respondents who reported more than one visible minority group by checking two or more mark-in circles, e.g., 'Black' and 'South Asian.'

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Footnote 35

Includes respondents who reported 'Yes' to the Aboriginal identity question (Question 18) as well as respondents who were not considered to be members of a visible minority group.

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Footnote 36

Immigrant status refers to whether the respondent is a non-immigrant, an immigrant or a non-permanent resident.

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

Non-permanent resident refers to a person from another country who has a work or study permit or who is a refugee claimant, and any non-Canadian-born family member living in Canada with them.

Period of immigration refers to the period in which the immigrant first obtained his or her landed immigrant/permanent resident status.

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Non-permanent residents are not included elsewhere in this table.

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Footnote 37

Non-immigrant refers to a person who is a Canadian citizen by birth.

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Footnote 38

Immigrant refers to a person who is or has ever been a landed immigrant/permanent resident. This person has been granted the right to live in Canada permanently by immigration authorities. Some immigrants have resided in Canada for a number of years, while others have arrived recently. Some immigrants are Canadian citizens, while others are not. Most immigrants are born outside Canada, but a small number are born in Canada. In the 2011 National Household Survey, 'Immigrants' includes immigrants who landed in Canada prior to May 10, 2011.

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The income data for the National Household Survey are for the year 2010. By agreement, landed immigrants who arrived in Canada between January 1, 2011 and May 10, 2011 have an income equal to zero. It is also possible that landed immigrants who arrived during the course of the year 2010 did not have a complete year of applicable revenues. Consequently, these two groups of immigrants are excluded from the detailed distribution by period of immigration. They are, however included in the category 'Immigrants.'

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Footnote 39

Refers to the first language learned at home in childhood and still understood by the individual on May 10, 2011.

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Footnote 40

First official language spoken
Part A - Short definition
Not applicable
Part B - Detailed definition
Refers to a variable specified within the framework of the Official Languages Act.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 National Household Survey, Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 99-014-X2011041.

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