Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	West Vancouver--Sunshine Coast--Sea to Sky CountryMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,260	56,710	57,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,620	8,700	7,910	14.5	15.3	13.7
0 to 4 years	4,690	2,450	2,240	4.1	4.3	3.9
5 to 9 years	5,645	2,925	2,720	4.9	5.2	4.7
10 to 14 years	6,285	3,330	2,955	5.5	5.9	5.1
15 to 64 years	72,580	36,000	36,580	63.5	63.5	63.6
15 to 19 years	5,705	2,965	2,745	5.0	5.2	4.8
20 to 24 years	5,270	2,770	2,505	4.6	4.9	4.4
25 to 29 years	6,150	3,205	2,950	5.4	5.7	5.1
30 to 34 years	7,440	3,685	3,755	6.5	6.5	6.5
35 to 39 years	8,180	3,955	4,225	7.2	7.0	7.3
40 to 44 years	7,930	3,835	4,085	6.9	6.8	7.1
45 to 49 years	7,850	3,835	4,015	6.9	6.8	7.0
50 to 54 years	8,010	3,935	4,080	7.0	6.9	7.1
55 to 59 years	7,985	3,870	4,125	7.0	6.8	7.2
60 to 64 years	8,055	3,950	4,105	7.0	7.0	7.1
65 years and over	25,060	12,005	13,055	21.9	21.2	22.7
65 to 69 years	7,785	3,795	3,995	6.8	6.7	6.9
70 to 74 years	6,760	3,295	3,460	5.9	5.8	6.0
75 to 79 years	4,905	2,450	2,455	4.3	4.3	4.3
80 to 84 years	2,860	1,335	1,525	2.5	2.4	2.6
85 years and over	2,750	1,135	1,615	2.4	2.0	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,715	760	955	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	795	285	510	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	205	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.5	15.3	13.7	14.5	15.3	13.7
15 to 64 years	63.5	63.5	63.6	63.5	63.5	63.6
65 years and over	21.9	21.2	22.7	21.9	21.2	22.7
85 years and over	2.4	2.0	2.8	2.4	2.0	2.8
Average age of the population	44.1	43.3	44.9	44.1	43.3	44.9
Median age of the population	44.8	44.0	45.6	44.8	44.0	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	28,825	...	...	61.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,180	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	4,155	...	...	8.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,205	...	...	6.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,380	...	...	11.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,855	...	...	4.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	95	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,130	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,700	...	...	27.1	...	...
2 persons	17,395	...	...	37.2	...	...
3 persons	7,005	...	...	15.0	...	...
4 persons	6,460	...	...	13.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,260	...	...	7.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	112,575	55,820	56,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,640	48,005	49,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,690	29,715	29,975	61.1	61.9	60.4
Married	46,620	23,200	23,420	47.7	48.3	47.2
Living common-law	13,070	6,515	6,555	13.4	13.6	13.2
Living common law - Never married	10,025	5,010	5,015	10.3	10.4	10.1
Living common law - Separated	420	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,410	1,205	1,205	2.5	2.5	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	215	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	37,950	18,290	19,660	38.9	38.1	39.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,830	13,765	11,070	25.4	28.7	22.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,300	990	1,305	2.4	2.1	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,250	2,510	3,740	6.4	5.2	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,565	1,025	3,540	4.7	2.1	7.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,840	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,515	...	...	56.4	...	...
3 persons	6,500	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	6,080	...	...	18.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,745	...	...	5.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,885	...	...	88.0	...	...
Married couples	22,350	...	...	68.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,925	...	...	33.3	...	...
Without children	11,425	...	...	34.8	...	...
Common-law couples	6,535	...	...	19.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,920	...	...	5.8	...	...
Without children	4,610	...	...	14.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,955	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,005	...	...	9.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	950	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	112,575	55,820	56,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	89,970	44,865	45,105	79.9	80.4	79.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,770	28,855	28,915	51.3	51.7	50.9
Parents in one-parent families	3,950	950	3,005	3.5	1.7	5.3
Children⁶	28,250	15,060	13,185	25.1	27.0	23.2
In a two-parent family	22,430	11,955	10,485	19.9	21.4	18.5
In a one-parent family	5,820	3,110	2,705	5.2	5.6	4.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	22,600	10,950	11,650	20.1	19.6	20.5
Living alone	12,700	5,700	7,000	11.3	10.2	12.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,100	860	1,235	1.9	1.5	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	7,800	4,390	3,410	6.9	7.9	6.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,030	...	...	59.9	...	...
Couple-family households	25,030	...	...	53.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,145	...	...	23.8	...	...
Without children	13,880	...	...	29.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,005	...	...	6.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,060	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	525	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,075	...	...	4.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,425	...	...	5.2	...	...
One-person households	12,705	...	...	27.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	96,000	47,140	48,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,410	45,835	47,570	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,800	39,600	44,400	50,800	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,500	45,890	47,615	97.4	97.3	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,000	40,000	44,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,750	42,850	43,895	90.4	90.9	89.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	46,000	31,200	38,000	46,000	31,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,750	33,640	32,115	68.5	71.4	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,000	29,600	36,000	44,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,975	34,275	39,700	77.1	72.7	81.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,400	10,000	10,800	10,400	10,000	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,320	3,375	3,950	7.6	7.2	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,160	5,440	5,400	5,160	5,440
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,575	12,620	13,950	27.7	26.8	28.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	95,775	46,965	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,225	45,685	47,540	97.3	97.3	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	73,200	91,200	55,950	73,200	91,200	55,950
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,325	45,745	47,585	97.4	97.4	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,650	66,600	45,120	55,650	66,600	45,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,640	42,685	43,960	90.5	90.9	90.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,400	89,100	50,280	69,400	89,100	50,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,435	33,420	32,015	68.3	71.2	65.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,000	79,200	44,040	62,000	79,200	44,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,665	34,075	39,585	76.9	72.6	81.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,070	10,730	11,360	11,070	10,730	11,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,120	3,260	3,855	7.4	6.9	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,360	6,130	6,550	6,360	6,130	6,550
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,925	12,370	13,560	27.1	26.3	27.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,810	9,370	9,100	8,810	9,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	95,775	46,965	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,535	15,360	11,180	27.7	32.7	22.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	76,000	60,400	68,500	76,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	103,600	124,500	74,800	103,600	124,500	74,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,610	13,745	15,860	30.9	29.3	32.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	22,800	18,400	20,200	22,800	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,880	40,720	29,800	34,880	40,720	29,800
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	88.0	91.2	83.0	88.0	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.4	63.5	53.0	59.4	63.5	53.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	11.9	8.8	16.9	11.9	8.8	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.5	1.0	0.7	0.5	1.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.2	3.1	5.8	4.2	3.1	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	2.6	4.8	3.5	2.6	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	96,000	47,140	48,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,590	1,305	1,290	2.7	2.8	2.6
With total income	93,410	45,835	47,570	97.3	97.2	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,690	3,900	4,795	9.3	8.5	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,430	4,030	5,395	10.1	8.8	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,860	5,405	7,455	13.8	11.8	15.7
$30,000 to $39,999	11,225	4,795	6,430	12.0	10.5	13.5
$40,000 to $49,999	9,750	4,395	5,355	10.4	9.6	11.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,160	3,880	4,280	8.7	8.5	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,240	3,180	3,055	6.7	6.9	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,985	2,700	2,285	5.3	5.9	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,905	2,130	1,780	4.2	4.6	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,215	1,830	1,385	3.4	4.0	2.9
$100,000 and over	14,950	9,600	5,355	16.0	20.9	11.2
$100,000 to $149,999	7,900	4,770	3,130	8.5	10.4	6.6
$150,000 and over	7,055	4,830	2,225	7.6	10.5	4.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	96,000	47,140	48,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,500	1,255	1,250	2.6	2.7	2.6
With after-tax income	93,500	45,890	47,615	97.4	97.3	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,520	4,245	5,275	10.2	9.3	11.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,815	4,200	5,615	10.5	9.2	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,640	6,190	8,450	15.7	13.5	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,950	5,700	7,245	13.8	12.4	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,145	5,180	5,970	11.9	11.3	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,365	4,200	4,165	8.9	9.2	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	6,345	3,385	2,960	6.8	7.4	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,785	2,675	2,115	5.1	5.8	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,525	2,005	1,520	3.8	4.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,540	1,545	995	2.7	3.4	2.1
$100,000 and over	9,875	6,565	3,310	10.6	14.3	7.0
$100,000 to $124,999	3,800	2,395	1,400	4.1	5.2	2.9
$125,000 and over	6,080	4,165	1,905	6.5	9.1	4.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	96,000	47,140	48,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,250	13,500	16,750	31.5	28.6	34.3
With employment income	65,750	33,640	32,115	68.5	71.4	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,170	4,675	5,490	15.5	13.9	17.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,400	2,400	3,000	8.2	7.1	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,685	3,410	4,275	11.7	10.1	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,090	2,685	3,405	9.3	8.0	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,875	2,710	3,165	8.9	8.0	9.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,070	2,400	2,670	7.7	7.1	8.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,430	2,240	2,190	6.7	6.7	6.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,775	2,015	1,760	5.7	6.0	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,025	1,745	1,280	4.6	5.2	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,515	1,415	1,100	3.8	4.2	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,245	1,330	915	3.4	3.9	2.8
$100,000 and over	9,475	6,620	2,855	14.4	19.7	8.9
$100,000 to $124,999	3,350	2,115	1,230	5.1	6.3	3.8
$125,000 and over	6,130	4,505	1,625	9.3	13.4	5.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	96,000	47,140	48,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,930	44,530	46,400	94.7	94.5	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,400	37,200	42,800	50,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,150	44,590	46,560	94.9	94.6	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	44,000	33,200	38,000	44,000	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,650	42,185	43,470	89.2	89.5	89.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	48,000	33,200	40,000	48,000	33,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,530	34,290	33,245	70.3	72.7	68.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,000	30,200	36,000	44,000	30,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,650	25,600	33,050	61.1	54.3	67.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	5,520	6,400	6,160	5,520	6,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,705	2,125	2,575	4.9	4.5	5.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,280	6,240	5,680	5,280	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	95,775	46,965	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,755	44,370	46,385	94.8	94.5	95.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,900	97,100	55,550	75,900	97,100	55,550
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,960	44,410	46,550	95.0	94.6	95.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,700	73,300	44,760	58,700	73,300	44,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,355	41,910	43,440	89.1	89.2	89.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	75,000	97,700	53,100	75,000	97,700	53,100
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,065	34,010	33,055	70.0	72.4	67.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,200	77,500	44,400	61,200	77,500	44,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,310	25,455	32,850	60.9	54.2	67.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,340	8,440	8,270	8,340	8,440	8,270
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,480	2,030	2,450	4.7	4.3	5.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	6,235	8,180	7,300	6,235	8,180
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	95,775	46,965	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	26,090	15,100	10,990	27.2	32.2	22.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	73,500	55,600	64,500	73,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	98,600	117,800	72,100	98,600	117,800	72,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,115	13,010	15,100	29.4	27.7	30.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	29,800	25,000	26,800	29,800	25,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	42,080	49,600	35,640	42,080	49,600	35,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	93.0	95.0	89.4	93.0	95.0	89.4
Employment income (%)	59.6	61.1	56.9	59.6	61.1	56.9
Government transfers (%)	7.1	5.0	10.5	7.1	5.0	10.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.3	0.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	145,800	...	...	145,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	110,900	...	...	110,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,400	...	...	67,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	54,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	175,000	...	...	175,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	680	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	460	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	875	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,530	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,370	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,230	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,360	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,470	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,470	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,975	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,870	...	...	6.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,685	...	...	5.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,620	...	...	5.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,475	...	...	5.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,445	...	...	47.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,250	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,000	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,405	...	...	11.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,790	...	...	16.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	935	...	...	2.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	925	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,665	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,515	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,405	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,610	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,730	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,765	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,390	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,285	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,185	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,010	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,745	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,845	...	...	40.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,465	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,010	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,370	...	...	20.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	14,980	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,500	10,085	10,415	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	43,200	40,000	41,600	43,200	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	38,800	36,400	37,600	38,800	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	173,600	...	...	173,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,200	...	...	130,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	168,000	...	...	168,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	202,600	...	...	202,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,400	...	...	146,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,100	...	...	80,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,515	9,930	10,590	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,400	61,100	57,850	59,400	61,100	57,850
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,240	48,920	47,560	48,240	48,920	47,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	112,575	55,820	56,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,115	10,495	9,620	17.9	18.8	17.0
0 to 5 years	5,705	2,960	2,745	5.1	5.3	4.8
18 to 64 years	68,125	33,585	34,535	60.5	60.2	60.8
65 years and over	24,335	11,740	12,595	21.6	21.0	22.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,150	5,725	6,425	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,595	1,345	1,255	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	670	355	320	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,800	3,240	3,560	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,755	1,140	1,615	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.3	11.3	10.8	10.3	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.8	13.0	12.9	12.8	13.0
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7	11.9	11.6	11.7	11.9	11.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.7	10.3	10.0	9.7	10.3
65 years and over (%)	11.3	9.7	12.8	11.3	9.7	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	109,830	54,390	55,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,485	10,175	9,310	17.7	18.7	16.8
0 to 5 years	5,530	2,870	2,660	5.0	5.3	4.8
18 to 64 years	66,380	32,645	33,740	60.4	60.0	60.9
65 years and over	23,960	11,570	12,395	21.8	21.3	22.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,120	3,015	3,100	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,330	685	645	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	305	145	155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,035	2,010	2,030	...	...	...
65 years and over	750	325	420	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6	5.6
0 to 17 years (%)	6.8	6.7	6.9	6.8	6.7	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.6	5.2	5.9	5.6	5.2	5.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.1	6.1	6.0	6.1	6.1	6.0
65 years and over (%)	3.1	2.8	3.4	3.1	2.8	3.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	112,570	55,820	56,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,800	23,685	25,115	43.4	42.4	44.3
In bottom decile	12,365	6,080	6,285	11.0	10.9	11.1
In second decile	9,205	4,235	4,980	8.2	7.6	8.8
In third decile	8,895	4,315	4,580	7.9	7.7	8.1
In fourth decile	9,105	4,495	4,610	8.1	8.1	8.1
In fifth decile	9,225	4,560	4,665	8.2	8.2	8.2
In top half of the distribution	63,775	32,135	31,640	56.7	57.6	55.7
In sixth decile	9,875	4,900	4,970	8.8	8.8	8.8
In seventh decile	9,955	4,970	4,980	8.8	8.9	8.8
In eighth decile	10,790	5,460	5,330	9.6	9.8	9.4
In ninth decile	12,505	6,285	6,220	11.1	11.3	11.0
In top decile	20,645	10,515	10,135	18.3	18.8	17.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	112,570	...	...	112,570	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.458	...	...	0.458	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.539	...	...	0.539	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.396	...	...	0.396	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	113,850	56,550	57,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	99,565	50,045	49,520	87.5	88.5	86.4
French only	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	12,650	5,765	6,885	11.1	10.2	12.0
Neither English nor French	1,595	725	875	1.4	1.3	1.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	113,850	56,550	57,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	109,155	54,305	54,850	95.9	96.0	95.7
French	2,590	1,300	1,290	2.3	2.3	2.3
English and French	560	255	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Neither English nor French	1,545	690	855	1.4	1.2	1.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	113,850	56,550	57,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,895	55,140	55,755	97.4	97.5	97.3
Official languages	89,765	45,430	44,335	78.8	80.3	77.4
English	87,160	44,110	43,050	76.6	78.0	75.1
French	2,610	1,320	1,290	2.3	2.3	2.3
Non-official languages	21,125	9,715	11,415	18.6	17.2	19.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,085	9,695	11,390	18.5	17.1	19.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	280	170	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	280	170	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	230	140	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,185	420	760	1.0	0.7	1.3
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	940	335	605	0.8	0.6	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,675	5,640	6,035	10.3	10.0	10.5
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,945	885	1,065	1.7	1.6	1.9
Baltic languages	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latvian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,900	865	1,035	1.7	1.5	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	395	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	460	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	495	215	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,720	1,300	1,425	2.4	2.3	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,700	800	905	1.5	1.4	1.6
German	1,590	750	845	1.4	1.3	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	615	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	480	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	400	185	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Danish	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,795	2,390	2,405	4.2	4.2	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,720	860	855	1.5	1.5	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	145	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,365	675	690	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,080	1,530	1,550	2.7	2.7	2.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	3,060	1,515	1,540	2.7	2.7	2.7
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	2,820	1,395	1,430	2.5	2.5	2.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,025	980	1,050	1.8	1.7	1.8
Catalan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	380	200	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,230	595	640	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	740	240	495	0.6	0.4	0.9
Korean	675	300	380	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mongolian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,705	2,540	3,170	5.0	4.5	5.5
Chinese languages	5,705	2,540	3,160	5.0	4.5	5.5
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,570	2,030	2,545	4.0	3.6	4.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	925	415	510	0.8	0.7	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	5	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	280	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,960	1,405	1,550	2.6	2.5	2.7
English and French	640	325	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	2,010	945	1,065	1.8	1.7	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	195	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	113,850	56,550	57,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	91,015	45,820	45,195	79.9	81.0	78.9
French	615	295	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	6,300	2,940	3,355	5.5	5.2	5.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,300	2,940	3,360	5.5	5.2	5.9
English and French	2,040	1,005	1,035	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	12,960	6,065	6,890	11.4	10.7	12.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	625	275	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	305	145	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	113,850	56,550	57,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,215	55,310	55,905	97.7	97.8	97.6
Official languages	99,910	49,990	49,920	87.8	88.4	87.1
English	98,945	49,500	49,445	86.9	87.5	86.3
French	970	485	480	0.9	0.9	0.8
Non-official languages	11,305	5,320	5,980	9.9	9.4	10.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,295	5,320	5,975	9.9	9.4	10.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	595	275	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	505	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,295	2,570	2,720	4.7	4.5	4.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	665	335	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	665	330	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	395	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,345	1,640	1,705	2.9	2.9	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,195	585	605	1.0	1.0	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,050	510	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,155	1,055	1,100	1.9	1.9	1.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,135	1,050	1,090	1.9	1.9	1.9
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	1,960	955	1,000	1.7	1.7	1.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	830	385	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	610	290	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	365	160	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	460	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	4,190	1,885	2,305	3.7	3.3	4.0
Chinese languages	4,185	1,880	2,300	3.7	3.3	4.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,635	1,625	2,010	3.2	2.9	3.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	465	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,640	1,240	1,400	2.3	2.2	2.4
English and French	325	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,240	1,045	1,190	2.0	1.8	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	113,850	56,550	57,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	100,230	50,140	50,090	88.0	88.7	87.4
English	4,615	2,225	2,395	4.1	3.9	4.2
French	1,470	715	755	1.3	1.3	1.3
Non-official language	6,155	2,845	3,315	5.4	5.0	5.8
Indigenous³⁹	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	6,090	2,820	3,265	5.3	5.0	5.7
English and French	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	385	185	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	385	170	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	525	240	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	112,350	55,635	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,850	54,955	55,890	98.7	98.8	98.5
English	110,825	54,945	55,880	98.6	98.8	98.5
French	12,860	5,875	6,985	11.4	10.6	12.3
Non-official languages	29,435	13,610	15,825	26.2	24.5	27.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	500	235	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	445	210	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	320	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	28,950	13,380	15,570	25.8	24.0	27.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	730	410	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	730	410	325	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	580	335	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,685	595	1,090	1.5	1.1	1.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,525	535	995	1.4	1.0	1.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,640	8,425	9,215	15.7	15.1	16.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,490	1,065	1,425	2.2	1.9	2.5
Baltic languages	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,430	1,045	1,380	2.2	1.9	2.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	525	245	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	595	260	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Russian	855	365	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	260	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,450	2,080	2,370	4.0	3.7	4.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,910	1,425	1,485	2.6	2.6	2.6
German	2,835	1,370	1,465	2.5	2.5	2.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yiddish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,115	545	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	380	195	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dutch	715	345	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	610	225	390	0.5	0.4	0.7
Danish	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Swedish	300	90	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	5,900	3,050	2,845	5.3	5.5	5.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,310	1,170	1,140	2.1	2.1	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	790	405	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Kacchi	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,660	810	850	1.5	1.5	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,590	1,890	1,705	3.2	3.4	3.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	3,580	1,880	1,700	3.2	3.4	3.0
Dari	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	3,365	1,765	1,605	3.0	3.2	2.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,420	2,490	2,925	4.8	4.5	5.2
Catalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	860	430	430	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	475	210	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Romanian	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	4,305	1,940	2,370	3.8	3.5	4.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,200	515	685	1.1	0.9	1.2
Korean	775	365	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,610	2,985	3,625	5.9	5.4	6.4
Chinese languages	6,600	2,980	3,625	5.9	5.4	6.4
Hakka	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5,805	2,640	3,165	5.2	4.7	5.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	160	85	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	1,290	535	755	1.1	1.0	1.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	270	140	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,350	55,635	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,945	2,885	3,050	5.3	5.2	5.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,745	2,795	2,945	5.1	5.0	5.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,225	2,155	2,075	3.8	3.9	3.7
Métis	1,500	635	865	1.3	1.1	1.5
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	106,410	52,745	53,660	94.7	94.8	94.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	112,350	55,635	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,425	1,735	1,690	3.0	3.1	3.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	108,920	53,895	55,030	96.9	96.9	97.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,370	...	...	73.4	...	...
Renter	12,055	...	...	25.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	410	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,550	...	...	18.3	...	...
Not condominium	38,285	...	...	81.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	550	...	...	1.2	...	...
1 bedroom	5,790	...	...	12.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,070	...	...	23.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,395	...	...	32.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,035	...	...	30.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,410	...	...	28.6	...	...
5 rooms	7,430	...	...	15.9	...	...
6 rooms	6,490	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	5,620	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,885	...	...	29.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,985	...	...	98.2	...	...
More than one person per room	850	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,855	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,980	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,390	...	...	9.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,460	...	...	26.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,405	...	...	15.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,365	...	...	17.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,185	...	...	6.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,135	...	...	8.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,770	...	...	5.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,140	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,145	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,690	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,365	...	...	47.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,640	...	...	46.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,835	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	720	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,825	...	...	10.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,965	...	...	17.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,640	...	...	18.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,075	...	...	19.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,870	...	...	18.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,905	...	...	10.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,835	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,455	...	...	71.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	13,165	...	...	28.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,750	...	...	23.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,325	...	...	34.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,815	...	...	25.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,365	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,685	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	450	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	840	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,515	...	...	65.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,205	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,870	...	...	11.3	...	...
Not in core need	38,340	...	...	88.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.5	...	...	54.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.7	...	...	23.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,570	...	...	1,570	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,194	...	...	2,194	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,100,000	...	...	1,100,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,732,000	...	...	1,732,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,930	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.6	...	...	43.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.6	...	...	22.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,680	...	...	1,680	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,078	...	...	2,078	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	410	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	9.8	...	...	9.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	294	...	...	294	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	392	...	...	392	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	112,350	55,635	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,530	1,290	1,245	2.3	2.3	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,520	1,285	1,235	2.2	2.3	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,335	1,220	1,115	2.1	2.2	2.0
Métis single ancestry	180	55	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,040	1,920	2,115	3.6	3.5	3.7
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,905	1,880	2,030	3.5	3.4	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,735	1,320	1,415	2.4	2.4	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,165	560	610	1.0	1.0	1.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	105,775	52,425	53,350	94.1	94.2	94.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	112,350	55,635	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	100,110	49,565	50,545	89.1	89.1	89.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,655	9,670	8,980	16.6	17.4	15.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	81,460	39,895	41,565	72.5	71.7	73.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	12,235	6,070	6,165	10.9	10.9	10.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	112,350	55,635	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	78,565	39,500	39,070	69.9	71.0	68.9
Immigrants⁸¹	30,350	14,315	16,040	27.0	25.7	28.3
Before 1980	7,710	3,625	4,075	6.9	6.5	7.2
1980 to 1990	2,760	1,305	1,455	2.5	2.3	2.6
1991 to 2000	4,295	1,960	2,335	3.8	3.5	4.1
2001 to 2010	6,665	3,085	3,580	5.9	5.5	6.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,920	4,335	4,590	7.9	7.8	8.1
2011 to 2015	4,640	2,220	2,415	4.1	4.0	4.3
2016 to 2021	4,290	2,115	2,170	3.8	3.8	3.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,435	1,825	1,615	3.1	3.3	2.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	30,350	14,315	16,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,745	1,325	1,420	9.0	9.3	8.9
5 to 14 years	4,670	2,430	2,240	15.4	17.0	14.0
15 to 24 years	4,910	2,245	2,665	16.2	15.7	16.6
25 to 44 years	14,950	6,775	8,175	49.3	47.3	51.0
45 years and over	3,070	1,535	1,530	10.1	10.7	9.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	30,350	14,315	16,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,410	1,545	1,865	11.2	10.8	11.6
Brazil	135	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombia	75	40	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyana	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	40	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	315	115	205	1.0	0.8	1.3
Peru	70	25	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
United States of America	2,280	1,040	1,240	7.5	7.3	7.7
Other places of birth in Americas	380	190	185	1.3	1.3	1.2
Europe	11,175	5,485	5,695	36.8	38.3	35.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatia	65	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
France	310	160	150	1.0	1.1	0.9
Germany	990	415	570	3.3	2.9	3.6
Greece	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hungary	155	75	75	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italy	250	165	80	0.8	1.2	0.5
Netherlands	465	230	230	1.5	1.6	1.4
Poland	420	195	230	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portugal	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	305	115	190	1.0	0.8	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	105	55	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	5,725	2,895	2,830	18.9	20.2	17.6
Other places of birth in Europe	2,060	975	1,085	6.8	6.8	6.8
Africa	1,340	650	695	4.4	4.5	4.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	95	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Morocco	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	630	280	355	2.1	2.0	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	510	280	230	1.7	2.0	1.4
Asia	12,895	5,795	7,095	42.5	40.5	44.2
Afghanistan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	2,940	1,535	1,410	9.7	10.7	8.8
Iraq	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	55	40	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Turkey	50	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
China⁹⁰	4,240	1,885	2,360	14.0	13.2	14.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	495	205	290	1.6	1.4	1.8
Korea, South⁹²	530	235	290	1.7	1.6	1.8
Taiwan	275	120	155	0.9	0.8	1.0
Philippines	1,440	545	895	4.7	3.8	5.6
Viet Nam	210	90	125	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,285	635	655	4.2	4.4	4.1
Pakistan	45	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sri Lanka	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,235	430	810	4.1	3.0	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,525	840	685	5.0	5.9	4.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	4,290	2,115	2,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	655	310	345	15.3	14.7	15.9
Brazil	45	20	30	1.0	0.9	1.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	0	25	0.6	0.0	1.2
United States of America	465	220	240	10.8	10.4	11.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	95	50	50	2.2	2.4	2.3
Europe	1,455	770	690	33.9	36.4	31.8
France	55	40	20	1.3	1.9	0.9
Germany	60	30	30	1.4	1.4	1.4
Ireland⁹⁶	55	20	30	1.3	0.9	1.4
Italy	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.7
Russian Federation	75	20	50	1.7	0.9	2.3
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	910	535	370	21.2	25.3	17.1
Other places of birth in Europe	270	105	160	6.3	5.0	7.4
Africa	130	90	40	3.0	4.3	1.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	30	30	1.4	1.4	1.4
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	40	40	0	0.9	1.9	0.0
Asia	1,515	640	880	35.3	30.3	40.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	565	245	325	13.2	11.6	15.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	10	45	1.3	0.5	2.1
India	250	130	125	5.8	6.1	5.8
Iran⁸⁸	120	75	50	2.8	3.5	2.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	80	10	70	1.9	0.5	3.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	30	20	1.0	1.4	0.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	195	70	125	4.5	3.3	5.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	20	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	35	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	100	30	75	2.3	1.4	3.5
Oceania and other⁹³	530	315	220	12.4	14.9	10.1
Australia	460	270	185	10.7	12.8	8.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	75	40	30	1.7	1.9	1.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	112,350	55,635	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	36,145	17,315	18,825	32.2	31.1	33.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,515	11,725	11,790	20.9	21.1	20.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	52,695	26,595	26,095	46.9	47.8	46.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	22,645	10,685	11,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	15,920	7,820	8,095	70.3	73.2	67.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	7,185	4,455	2,735	31.7	41.7	22.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	8,730	3,370	5,360	38.6	31.5	44.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,645	2,290	3,350	24.9	21.4	28.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	840	450	390	3.7	4.2	3.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	245	125	125	1.1	1.2	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	22,645	10,685	11,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	250	135	115	1.1	1.3	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,380	2,605	2,780	23.8	24.4	23.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	750	340	410	3.3	3.2	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,180	475	705	5.2	4.4	5.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	150	50	100	0.7	0.5	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	14,935	7,085	7,850	66.0	66.3	65.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	112,350	55,630	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	21,940	10,085	11,855	19.5	18.1	20.9
South Asian	3,240	1,590	1,655	2.9	2.9	2.9
Chinese	7,600	3,410	4,190	6.8	6.1	7.4
Black	680	375	310	0.6	0.7	0.5
Filipino	2,020	765	1,250	1.8	1.4	2.2
Arab	385	210	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	980	425	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Southeast Asian	690	280	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
West Asian	3,340	1,740	1,600	3.0	3.1	2.8
Korean	815	385	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Japanese	1,220	470	755	1.1	0.8	1.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	280	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple visible minorities	695	315	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	90,415	45,550	44,860	80.5	81.9	79.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	112,350	55,630	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,465	6,005	5,460	10.2	10.8	9.6
English	30,260	15,145	15,115	26.9	27.2	26.7
Irish	18,470	8,860	9,610	16.4	15.9	16.9
Scottish	22,455	11,055	11,400	20.0	19.9	20.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,390	4,050	4,335	7.5	7.3	7.6
German	12,330	5,795	6,530	11.0	10.4	11.5
Chinese	7,225	3,190	4,035	6.4	5.7	7.1
Italian	3,910	1,950	1,960	3.5	3.5	3.5
Indian (India)	2,180	1,090	1,095	1.9	2.0	1.9
Ukrainian	4,135	2,015	2,120	3.7	3.6	3.7
Dutch	4,350	2,140	2,215	3.9	3.8	3.9
Polish	3,800	1,780	2,020	3.4	3.2	3.6
Québécois	185	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,385	3,765	3,615	6.6	6.8	6.4
Filipino	1,960	745	1,210	1.7	1.3	2.1
French Canadian	1,035	505	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,540	1,340	1,200	2.3	2.4	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,670	1,400	1,275	2.4	2.5	2.2
Métis	1,485	660	825	1.3	1.2	1.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,175	1,615	1,560	2.8	2.9	2.8
Russian	2,555	1,225	1,330	2.3	2.2	2.3
Norwegian	3,305	1,440	1,865	2.9	2.6	3.3
Welsh	3,220	1,455	1,760	2.9	2.6	3.1
Portuguese	765	365	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	1,940	865	1,075	1.7	1.6	1.9
Spanish	1,385	620	760	1.2	1.1	1.3
Swedish	2,915	1,210	1,700	2.6	2.2	3.0
Hungarian	1,310	665	650	1.2	1.2	1.1
Acadian	220	130	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	270	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	1,235	630	605	1.1	1.1	1.1
Punjabi	560	275	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	330	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	230	135	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	695	420	270	0.6	0.8	0.5
Jamaican	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	745	335	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	350	125	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	840	395	440	0.7	0.7	0.8
Romanian	420	170	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lebanese	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	2,770	1,445	1,325	2.5	2.6	2.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	210	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,520	780	745	1.4	1.4	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	475	200	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Sikh	380	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austrian	1,350	625	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belgian	515	270	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	130	85	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexican	660	320	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	360	200	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swiss	1,085	540	550	1.0	1.0	1.0
Finnish	1,145	530	610	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sri Lankan	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	475	195	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Japanese	1,330	535	800	1.2	1.0	1.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	990	425	565	0.9	0.8	1.0
Muslim	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	240	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	630	280	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	985	465	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
Syrian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	185	60	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	1,210	660	550	1.1	1.2	1.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	190	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Nigerian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	400	175	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	355	145	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	265	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraqi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	275	145	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
South African	595	270	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Australian	1,595	885	710	1.4	1.6	1.3
Palestinian	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	260	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	120	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	165	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	225	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	550	275	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ecuadorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jatt	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	480	245	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	112,350	55,630	56,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,125	465	660	1.0	0.8	1.2
Christian	31,910	14,325	17,585	28.4	25.8	31.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,715	3,105	3,610	6.0	5.6	6.4
Anabaptist	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,680	1,930	2,745	4.2	3.5	4.8
Baptist	825	340	485	0.7	0.6	0.9
Catholic	10,485	4,935	5,545	9.3	8.9	9.8
Christian Orthodox	765	350	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Jehovah's Witness	475	205	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,105	530	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	355	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
Presbyterian	675	315	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Reformed	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Church	3,580	1,395	2,185	3.2	2.5	3.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,825	855	975	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hindu	460	240	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	980	525	455	0.9	0.9	0.8
Muslim	2,630	1,290	1,340	2.3	2.3	2.4
Sikh	1,560	740	820	1.4	1.3	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	380	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,445	560	890	1.3	1.0	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	71,850	37,315	34,540	64.0	67.1	60.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	111,605	55,245	56,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	94,190	46,700	47,490	84.4	84.5	84.3
Movers	17,415	8,545	8,870	15.6	15.5	15.7
Non-migrants	8,250	4,115	4,135	7.4	7.4	7.3
Migrants	9,160	4,435	4,725	8.2	8.0	8.4
Internal migrants	7,665	3,670	3,995	6.9	6.6	7.1
Intraprovincial migrants	6,005	2,870	3,135	5.4	5.2	5.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,660	800	860	1.5	1.4	1.5
External migrants	1,495	765	735	1.3	1.4	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,825	53,340	54,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	59,190	29,275	29,915	54.9	54.9	54.9
Movers	48,635	24,070	24,565	45.1	45.1	45.1
Non-migrants	14,970	7,430	7,540	13.9	13.9	13.8
Migrants	33,670	16,640	17,030	31.2	31.2	31.3
Internal migrants	26,910	13,230	13,675	25.0	24.8	25.1
Intraprovincial migrants	21,610	10,630	10,985	20.0	19.9	20.2
Interprovincial migrants	5,295	2,600	2,695	4.9	4.9	4.9
External migrants	6,760	3,410	3,345	6.3	6.4	6.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,775	46,970	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	9,915	5,460	4,460	10.4	11.6	9.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,855	41,510	44,350	89.6	88.4	90.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,555	29,575	30,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,465	2,120	1,345	5.7	7.2	4.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,085	27,450	29,635	94.3	92.8	95.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,775	46,965	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	8,475	4,450	4,025	8.8	9.5	8.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,645	12,950	12,690	26.8	27.6	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,660	29,560	32,090	64.4	62.9	65.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,990	13,465	13,535	28.2	28.7	27.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,380	5,605	1,780	7.7	11.9	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,130	1,890	1,240	3.3	4.0	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,250	3,715	540	4.4	7.9	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,525	6,395	9,135	16.2	13.6	18.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,085	1,470	2,615	4.3	3.1	5.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,665	16,100	18,565	36.2	34.3	38.0
Bachelor's degree	21,355	9,795	11,560	22.3	20.9	23.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,605	1,070	1,535	2.7	2.3	3.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,025	565	460	1.1	1.2	0.9
Master's degree	8,295	3,825	4,465	8.7	8.1	9.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,390	850	545	1.5	1.8	1.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,560	29,570	30,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,740	1,640	1,100	4.5	5.5	3.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,220	7,560	6,665	23.5	25.6	21.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	43,590	20,375	23,215	72.0	68.9	74.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,555	9,340	9,215	30.6	31.6	29.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,975	3,785	1,190	8.2	12.8	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,110	1,275	835	3.5	4.3	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,865	2,510	355	4.7	8.5	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,675	4,500	6,175	17.6	15.2	19.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,905	1,055	1,850	4.8	3.6	6.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,035	11,035	14,000	41.3	37.3	45.2
Bachelor's degree	15,780	6,985	8,795	26.1	23.6	28.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,725	650	1,075	2.8	2.2	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	665	300	365	1.1	1.0	1.2
Master's degree	5,990	2,615	3,375	9.9	8.8	10.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	870	480	390	1.4	1.6	1.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	95,775	46,965	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	34,115	17,405	16,710	35.6	37.1	34.2
Education	4,195	750	3,445	4.4	1.6	7.1
13. Education	4,195	750	3,445	4.4	1.6	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,190	1,135	2,055	3.3	2.4	4.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	155	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,970	980	1,990	3.1	2.1	4.1
Humanities	3,650	1,330	2,315	3.8	2.8	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	430	90	345	0.4	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	1,070	285	780	1.1	0.6	1.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,080	415	665	1.1	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	240	155	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	445	225	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	25	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,430	3,170	5,260	8.8	6.7	10.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	140	25	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,025	300	725	1.1	0.6	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	780	65	710	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,615	740	880	1.7	1.6	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	55	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,475	320	1,160	1.5	0.7	2.4
45. Social sciences	3,225	1,655	1,565	3.4	3.5	3.2
Business, management and public administration	13,190	5,940	7,245	13.8	12.6	14.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	560	140	415	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,625	5,795	6,825	13.2	12.3	14.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,290	1,760	1,530	3.4	3.7	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,360	545	810	1.4	1.2	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	610	265	345	0.6	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,180	890	290	1.2	1.9	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,940	1,230	705	2.0	2.6	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,385	975	415	1.4	2.1	0.9
25. Library science	155	25	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	335	190	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,910	9,635	1,275	11.4	20.5	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	935	585	350	1.0	1.2	0.7
14. Engineering	3,185	2,600	585	3.3	5.5	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,695	1,495	200	1.8	3.2	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,720	2,665	55	2.8	5.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,565	1,545	20	1.6	3.3	0.0
48. Precision production	810	750	65	0.8	1.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,805	1,025	780	1.9	2.2	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	780	385	390	0.8	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,020	640	385	1.1	1.4	0.8
Health and related fields	8,240	2,025	6,210	8.6	4.3	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,275	630	645	1.3	1.3	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,600	1,185	5,420	6.9	2.5	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	360	205	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,820	1,555	1,265	2.9	3.3	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,845	735	1,105	1.9	1.6	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	310	240	70	0.3	0.5	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	640	555	85	0.7	1.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,555	29,575	30,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,965	9,200	7,765	28.0	31.1	25.1
Education	2,285	385	1,900	3.8	1.3	6.1
13. Education	2,285	385	1,900	3.8	1.3	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,405	855	1,545	4.0	2.9	5.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	155	110	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,250	745	1,505	3.7	2.5	4.9
Humanities	2,525	900	1,625	4.2	3.0	5.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	305	60	245	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	710	195	515	1.2	0.7	1.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	820	295	520	1.4	1.0	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175	110	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	280	140	140	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,210	2,280	3,930	10.3	7.7	12.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	25	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	865	255	610	1.4	0.9	2.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	560	55	510	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,080	420	660	1.8	1.4	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,010	200	810	1.7	0.7	2.6
45. Social sciences	2,460	1,295	1,175	4.1	4.4	3.8
Business, management and public administration	9,780	4,245	5,530	16.2	14.4	17.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	335	70	265	0.6	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,445	4,180	5,265	15.6	14.1	17.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,300	1,125	1,180	3.8	3.8	3.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,030	400	635	1.7	1.4	2.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	395	160	235	0.7	0.5	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	760	510	250	1.3	1.7	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,525	1,005	515	2.5	3.4	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,170	845	325	1.9	2.9	1.0
25. Library science	80	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	215	120	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,335	6,275	1,065	12.1	21.2	3.4
04. Architecture and related services	625	360	270	1.0	1.2	0.9
14. Engineering	2,190	1,665	525	3.6	5.6	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,070	910	165	1.8	3.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,930	1,880	45	3.2	6.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,005	985	20	1.7	3.3	0.1
48. Precision production	520	470	50	0.9	1.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,360	705	655	2.2	2.4	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	600	270	330	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	760	435	325	1.3	1.5	1.0
Health and related fields	5,750	1,445	4,300	9.5	4.9	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,035	535	500	1.7	1.8	1.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,500	805	3,695	7.4	2.7	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	215	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,110	1,155	950	3.5	3.9	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,410	580	835	2.3	2.0	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	240	190	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	440	375	65	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,555	29,575	30,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,965	9,200	7,765	28.0	31.1	25.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	43,590	20,375	23,215	72.0	68.9	74.9
Location of study inside Canada	30,415	14,295	16,115	50.2	48.3	52.0
Same as province or territory of residence	20,505	9,365	11,140	33.9	31.7	36.0
Different than province or territory of residence	9,915	4,940	4,975	16.4	16.7	16.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	13,170	6,080	7,095	21.7	20.6	22.9
Americas	2,600	1,135	1,465	4.3	3.8	4.7
United States of America	2,170	955	1,215	3.6	3.2	3.9
Mexico	160	60	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	95	35	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Colombia	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	4,650	2,360	2,295	7.7	8.0	7.4
Belgium	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
France	235	130	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Germany	225	100	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Netherlands	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Switzerland	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	105	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	170	80	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	180	105	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,825	1,500	1,325	4.7	5.1	4.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	535	215	320	0.9	0.7	1.0
Africa	395	220	170	0.7	0.7	0.5
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	255	115	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	50	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Asia	4,250	1,650	2,600	7.0	5.6	8.4
Iran⁸⁸	755	320	435	1.2	1.1	1.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,620	660	960	2.7	2.2	3.1
Taiwan	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	275	65	210	0.5	0.2	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	215	90	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
Philippines	740	250	490	1.2	0.8	1.6
Viet Nam	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	325	165	160	0.5	0.6	0.5
Pakistan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	110	25	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
Oceania	1,285	710	570	2.1	2.4	1.8
Australia	1,055	590	465	1.7	2.0	1.5
New Zealand	220	120	95	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	95,775	46,970	48,805	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,475	31,765	28,715	...	...	...
Employed	55,030	28,840	26,185	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,440	2,920	2,525	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,300	15,205	20,090	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.1	67.6	58.8	63.1	67.6	58.8
Employment rate	57.5	61.4	53.7	57.5	61.4	53.7
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.2	8.8	9.0	9.2	8.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	95,775	46,965	48,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,050	15,200	19,845	36.6	32.4	40.7
Worked	60,730	31,765	28,960	63.4	67.6	59.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,185	16,455	11,725	29.4	35.0	24.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	32,540	15,310	17,235	34.0	32.6	35.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.1	41.0	39.2	40.1	41.0	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,475	31,760	28,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	935	465	475	1.5	1.5	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,540	31,300	28,240	98.5	98.6	98.3
Employee	42,570	21,490	21,085	70.4	67.7	73.4
Permanent position	34,780	17,695	17,085	57.5	55.7	59.5
Temporary position	7,790	3,785	4,000	12.9	11.9	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,285	1,130	1,155	3.8	3.6	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,505	2,655	2,850	9.1	8.4	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	16,970	9,810	7,155	28.1	30.9	24.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,475	31,760	28,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	935	465	475	1.5	1.5	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,540	31,300	28,240	98.5	98.6	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,790	1,310	485	3.0	4.1	1.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,005	3,345	6,660	16.5	10.5	23.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,720	3,515	1,205	7.8	11.1	4.2
3 Health occupations	3,960	910	3,055	6.5	2.9	10.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,305	2,015	4,290	10.4	6.3	14.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,890	1,785	2,105	6.4	5.6	7.3
6 Sales and service occupations	16,035	7,255	8,775	26.5	22.8	30.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,965	9,055	920	16.5	28.5	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,770	1,225	540	2.9	3.9	1.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,095	885	210	1.8	2.8	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,475	31,760	28,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	935	465	475	1.5	1.5	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	59,540	31,300	28,240	98.5	98.6	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,025	665	360	1.7	2.1	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	515	430	80	0.9	1.4	0.3
22 Utilities	325	230	90	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	6,355	5,550	805	10.5	17.5	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,015	1,415	605	3.3	4.5	2.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,235	835	410	2.0	2.6	1.4
44-45 Retail trade	6,110	2,895	3,215	10.1	9.1	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,920	1,370	545	3.2	4.3	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	1,535	920	615	2.5	2.9	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	2,295	1,225	1,070	3.8	3.9	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,365	1,190	1,170	3.9	3.7	4.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,365	4,050	3,315	12.2	12.8	11.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	180	100	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,695	1,440	1,255	4.5	4.5	4.4
61 Educational services	3,725	1,205	2,515	6.2	3.8	8.8
62 Health care and social assistance	5,885	1,180	4,705	9.7	3.7	16.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,560	1,320	1,235	4.2	4.2	4.3
72 Accommodation and food services	6,485	3,210	3,275	10.7	10.1	11.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,300	840	1,460	3.8	2.6	5.1
91 Public administration	2,640	1,210	1,425	4.4	3.8	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,560	34,125	31,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	62,045	32,490	29,555	94.6	95.2	94.0
French	125	20	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	505	275	235	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	505	270	235	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	775	350	420	1.2	1.0	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,010	955	1,050	3.1	2.8	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,560	34,125	31,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,180	33,960	31,225	99.4	99.5	99.3
Official languages	64,280	33,475	30,805	98.0	98.1	98.0
English	64,035	33,395	30,640	97.7	97.9	97.5
French	245	80	165	0.4	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	900	485	420	1.4	1.4	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	900	480	420	1.4	1.4	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	240	125	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	150	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	100	50	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	555	305	240	0.8	0.9	0.8
Chinese languages	555	305	240	0.8	0.9	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	550	305	245	0.8	0.9	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	380	165	215	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and French	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	330	145	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,560	34,125	31,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,030	32,935	30,095	96.1	96.5	95.7
English	460	250	210	0.7	0.7	0.7
French	620	280	340	0.9	0.8	1.1
Non-official language	1,270	580	690	1.9	1.7	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,240	580	660	1.9	1.7	2.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,030	28,845	26,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	16,085	7,755	8,330	29.2	26.9	31.8
Worked outside Canada	320	215	105	0.6	0.7	0.4
No fixed workplace address	9,040	6,560	2,480	16.4	22.7	9.5
Usual place of work	29,585	14,310	15,275	53.8	49.6	58.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,585	14,305	15,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,930	7,315	8,620	53.8	51.1	56.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,400	5,115	5,285	35.2	35.8	34.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,065	1,725	1,340	10.4	12.1	8.8
Commute to a different province or territory	190	150	35	0.6	1.0	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,625	20,865	17,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,425	17,535	13,895	81.4	84.0	78.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,060	16,545	12,510	75.2	79.3	70.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,375	990	1,380	6.1	4.7	7.8
Public transit	1,765	745	1,025	4.6	3.6	5.8
Walked	2,835	1,140	1,695	7.3	5.5	9.5
Bicycle	1,300	760	535	3.4	3.6	3.0
Other method	1,295	685	610	3.4	3.3	3.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,625	20,865	17,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,705	7,970	8,735	43.2	38.2	49.2
15 to 29 minutes	10,635	5,810	4,825	27.5	27.8	27.2
30 to 44 minutes	5,315	3,215	2,105	13.8	15.4	11.9
45 to 59 minutes	2,770	1,745	1,025	7.2	8.4	5.8
60 minutes and over	3,200	2,125	1,075	8.3	10.2	6.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,625	20,865	17,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,000	1,450	550	5.2	6.9	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,070	3,285	1,790	13.1	15.7	10.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,350	5,630	3,720	24.2	27.0	20.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,270	4,870	5,400	26.6	23.3	30.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,550	3,220	4,330	19.5	15.4	24.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,380	2,410	1,970	11.3	11.6	11.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,540	10,735	9,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,060	1,080	985	10.0	10.1	10.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,475	9,655	8,815	89.9	89.9	89.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,510	8,115	7,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,595	830	765	10.3	10.2	10.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	945	495	450	6.1	6.1	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	645	330	310	4.2	4.1	4.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,915	7,285	6,630	89.7	89.8	89.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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