Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vernon--Lake Country--MonasheeMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	108,625	53,385	55,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,235	7,815	7,420	14.0	14.6	13.4
0 to 4 years	4,280	2,200	2,080	3.9	4.1	3.8
5 to 9 years	5,370	2,745	2,625	4.9	5.1	4.8
10 to 14 years	5,585	2,870	2,710	5.1	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	64,920	32,050	32,870	59.8	60.0	59.5
15 to 19 years	5,125	2,610	2,515	4.7	4.9	4.6
20 to 24 years	4,410	2,325	2,090	4.1	4.4	3.8
25 to 29 years	4,915	2,495	2,420	4.5	4.7	4.4
30 to 34 years	5,855	2,900	2,955	5.4	5.4	5.3
35 to 39 years	6,580	3,235	3,345	6.1	6.1	6.1
40 to 44 years	6,330	3,080	3,245	5.8	5.8	5.9
45 to 49 years	6,230	3,150	3,080	5.7	5.9	5.6
50 to 54 years	6,680	3,300	3,385	6.1	6.2	6.1
55 to 59 years	8,875	4,160	4,710	8.2	7.8	8.5
60 to 64 years	9,920	4,790	5,125	9.1	9.0	9.3
65 years and over	28,470	13,525	14,950	26.2	25.3	27.1
65 to 69 years	9,025	4,295	4,730	8.3	8.0	8.6
70 to 74 years	7,575	3,720	3,855	7.0	7.0	7.0
75 to 79 years	5,120	2,500	2,620	4.7	4.7	4.7
80 to 84 years	3,445	1,645	1,795	3.2	3.1	3.2
85 years and over	3,305	1,355	1,950	3.0	2.5	3.5
85 to 89 years	1,915	880	1,035	1.8	1.6	1.9
90 to 94 years	1,095	365	725	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	255	100	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	40	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.0	14.6	13.4	14.0	14.6	13.4
15 to 64 years	59.8	60.0	59.5	59.8	60.0	59.5
65 years and over	26.2	25.3	27.1	26.2	25.3	27.1
85 years and over	3.0	2.5	3.5	3.0	2.5	3.5
Average age of the population	46.6	45.8	47.4	46.6	45.8	47.4
Median age of the population	49.6	48.8	50.8	49.6	48.8	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	29,345	...	...	63.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,250	...	...	4.9	...	...
Row house	2,625	...	...	5.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,175	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,735	...	...	12.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
Other single-attached house	135	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,620	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,005	...	...	28.1	...	...
2 persons	19,145	...	...	41.4	...	...
3 persons	5,945	...	...	12.9	...	...
4 persons	5,050	...	...	10.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,080	...	...	6.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	106,430	52,370	54,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,390	45,570	47,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,005	28,525	28,480	61.0	62.6	59.6
Married	46,035	23,045	22,990	49.3	50.6	48.1
Living common-law	10,975	5,485	5,490	11.8	12.0	11.5
Living common law - Never married	7,040	3,540	3,495	7.5	7.8	7.3
Living common law - Separated	530	260	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	3,020	1,525	1,500	3.2	3.3	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	385	155	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	36,385	17,045	19,340	39.0	37.4	40.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,415	11,425	8,990	21.9	25.1	18.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,725	1,240	1,490	2.9	2.7	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,230	3,005	4,225	7.7	6.6	8.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,010	1,375	4,640	6.4	3.0	9.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	20,155	...	...	62.5	...	...
3 persons	5,465	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	4,650	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,980	...	...	6.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,900	...	...	86.5	...	...
Married couples	22,415	...	...	69.5	...	...
With children⁶	8,755	...	...	27.1	...	...
Without children	13,655	...	...	42.3	...	...
Common-law couples	5,485	...	...	17.0	...	...
With children⁶	1,820	...	...	5.6	...	...
Without children	3,665	...	...	11.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,355	...	...	13.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,225	...	...	10.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,130	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	106,430	52,370	54,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	86,035	42,810	43,230	80.8	81.7	80.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,795	27,885	27,910	52.4	53.2	51.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,355	1,130	3,225	4.1	2.2	6.0
Children⁶	25,885	13,790	12,090	24.3	26.3	22.4
In a two-parent family	19,480	10,290	9,190	18.3	19.6	17.0
In a one-parent family	6,400	3,500	2,900	6.0	6.7	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,395	9,565	10,835	19.2	18.3	20.0
Living alone	13,005	5,745	7,260	12.2	11.0	13.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,245	980	1,260	2.1	1.9	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	5,145	2,840	2,310	4.8	5.4	4.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	27,960	...	...	60.5	...	...
Couple-family households	24,730	...	...	53.5	...	...
With children⁶	9,260	...	...	20.0	...	...
Without children	15,470	...	...	33.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,235	...	...	7.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,110	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	410	...	...	0.9	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,775	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,970	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	13,005	...	...	28.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,215	44,560	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,085	43,515	45,575	97.7	97.7	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	34,400	39,200	46,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,155	43,545	45,605	97.7	97.7	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,600	32,000	36,000	41,600	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,975	39,620	40,355	87.7	88.9	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,400	40,400	24,400	31,400	40,400	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,825	30,070	28,755	64.5	67.5	61.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	42,000	26,400	33,200	42,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,435	35,230	40,200	82.7	79.1	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,500	12,200	12,700	12,500	12,200	12,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,295	4,780	4,515	10.2	10.7	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,490	10,205	11,285	23.6	22.9	24.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,375	44,685	46,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,395	43,795	45,600	97.8	98.0	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,760	59,750	42,080	50,760	59,750	42,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,475	43,835	45,640	97.9	98.1	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,320	49,960	36,960	43,320	49,960	36,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,225	39,950	40,275	87.8	89.4	86.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,960	54,850	35,120	44,960	54,850	35,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,985	30,090	28,895	64.6	67.3	61.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,840	54,700	34,600	44,840	54,700	34,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	75,620	35,475	40,150	82.8	79.4	86.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,300	11,990	12,580	12,300	11,990	12,580
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,220	4,715	4,510	10.1	10.6	9.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,590	6,375	6,820	6,590	6,375	6,820
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,440	10,270	11,170	23.5	23.0	23.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,750	8,520	8,970	8,750	8,520	8,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,375	44,685	46,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,640	14,265	10,375	27.0	31.9	22.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	67,000	51,600	60,000	67,000	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,000	77,000	58,100	69,000	77,000	58,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,065	11,970	14,095	28.5	26.8	30.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	23,400	16,000	18,600	23,400	16,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,400	38,520	23,520	30,400	38,520	23,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	83.8	73.6	79.4	83.8	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.3	62.9	52.1	58.3	62.9	52.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.5	16.2	26.3	20.5	16.2	26.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.2	1.6	1.3	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.2	6.8	5.3	4.2	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.2	4.1	3.3	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,215	44,560	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,130	1,050	1,080	2.3	2.4	2.3
With total income	89,085	43,515	45,575	97.7	97.6	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,010	2,860	4,145	7.9	6.6	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	11,350	4,405	6,945	12.7	10.1	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,780	6,155	8,625	16.6	14.1	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	12,250	5,260	6,985	13.8	12.1	15.3
$40,000 to $49,999	10,345	4,750	5,590	11.6	10.9	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,225	4,125	4,100	9.2	9.5	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,150	3,395	2,750	6.9	7.8	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,600	2,780	1,820	5.2	6.4	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,520	2,230	1,290	4.0	5.1	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,735	1,730	1,010	3.1	4.0	2.2
$100,000 and over	8,135	5,820	2,310	9.1	13.4	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	5,355	3,695	1,660	6.0	8.5	3.6
$150,000 and over	2,775	2,125	655	3.1	4.9	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,215	44,560	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,065	1,020	1,050	2.3	2.3	2.3
With after-tax income	89,155	43,550	45,605	97.7	97.7	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,460	3,010	4,450	8.4	6.9	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	11,740	4,565	7,180	13.2	10.5	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	16,495	6,910	9,585	18.5	15.9	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,140	6,255	7,885	15.9	14.4	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,525	5,520	6,005	12.9	12.7	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,445	4,605	3,840	9.5	10.6	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,935	3,575	2,360	6.7	8.2	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,180	2,645	1,540	4.7	6.1	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,930	1,905	1,025	3.3	4.4	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,725	1,195	525	1.9	2.7	1.2
$100,000 and over	4,575	3,360	1,215	5.1	7.7	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	2,270	1,605	665	2.6	3.7	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,300	1,755	545	2.6	4.0	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,215	44,560	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,395	14,495	17,900	35.5	32.5	38.4
With employment income	58,825	30,070	28,755	64.5	67.5	61.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,430	4,275	5,155	16.0	14.2	17.9
$5,000 to $9,999	4,920	2,065	2,855	8.4	6.9	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	7,380	3,100	4,280	12.5	10.3	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,775	2,540	3,240	9.8	8.4	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,550	2,520	3,040	9.4	8.4	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,095	2,445	2,650	8.7	8.1	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	4,550	2,370	2,175	7.7	7.9	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,525	2,080	1,445	6.0	6.9	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,875	1,775	1,095	4.9	5.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,370	1,530	835	4.0	5.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,940	1,275	665	3.3	4.2	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,420	4,100	1,320	9.2	13.6	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,555	1,830	725	4.3	6.1	2.5
$125,000 and over	2,865	2,275	590	4.9	7.6	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,215	44,560	46,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,255	42,520	44,730	95.7	95.4	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,000	31,200	37,200	46,000	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,460	42,565	44,895	95.9	95.5	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,800	28,800	34,000	40,800	28,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,545	39,325	40,230	87.2	88.3	86.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	42,400	26,200	33,200	42,400	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,875	31,425	30,455	67.8	70.5	65.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	42,000	26,400	32,800	42,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,775	27,905	34,870	68.8	62.6	74.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,800	10,500	9,400	9,800	10,500	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,555	3,940	3,610	8.3	8.8	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,520	5,400	5,440	5,520	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,375	44,685	46,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,430	42,740	44,685	95.7	95.6	95.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,880	60,450	39,800	49,880	60,450	39,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,655	42,760	44,900	95.9	95.7	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,880	49,760	34,400	41,880	49,760	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,775	39,650	40,125	87.3	88.7	85.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,600	57,750	35,600	46,600	57,750	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,115	31,615	30,500	68.0	70.8	65.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,280	54,500	33,720	44,280	54,500	33,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,970	28,005	34,960	68.9	62.7	74.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,200	10,470	9,990	10,200	10,470	9,990
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,520	3,850	3,670	8.2	8.6	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,930	6,570	7,300	6,930	6,570	7,300
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,375	44,685	46,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,460	14,180	10,280	26.8	31.7	22.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	64,500	48,000	56,800	64,500	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,100	74,700	54,350	66,100	74,700	54,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,855	11,410	13,445	27.2	25.5	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,200	29,800	20,800	24,200	29,800	20,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,360	46,560	27,680	36,360	46,560	27,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	88.6	80.4	85.2	88.6	80.4
Employment income (%)	63.1	66.6	57.8	63.1	66.6	57.8
Government transfers (%)	14.7	11.4	19.6	14.7	11.4	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,245	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...	83,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,120	...	...	47,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,080	...	...	41,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,500	...	...	100,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,030	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,215	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,610	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,670	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,100	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,910	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,895	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,460	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,405	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,090	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,925	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,735	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,195	...	...	37.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,405	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,765	...	...	8.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,370	...	...	9.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,655	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	460	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	405	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,075	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,320	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,820	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,960	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,235	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,220	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,060	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,025	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,845	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,600	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,310	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,920	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,755	...	...	29.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,285	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,420	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,055	...	...	10.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,795	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,020	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,150	8,585	9,570	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,400	35,200	36,400	38,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,200	32,800	33,600	35,200	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,740	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,400	...	...	117,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,200	...	...	149,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,200	...	...	125,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,900	...	...	70,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,095	8,490	9,610	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,720	47,800	42,000	44,720	47,800	42,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	41,120	37,480	39,200	41,120	37,480
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	106,430	52,370	54,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,395	9,430	8,960	17.3	18.0	16.6
0 to 5 years	5,345	2,720	2,630	5.0	5.2	4.9
18 to 64 years	61,125	30,015	31,115	57.4	57.3	57.6
65 years and over	26,910	12,930	13,980	25.3	24.7	25.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,620	5,435	6,185	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,010	1,045	965	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	610	325	285	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,715	2,775	2,940	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,900	1,620	2,280	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.4	11.4	10.9	10.4	11.4
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	11.0	10.8	10.9	11.0	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.4	12.0	10.9	11.4	12.0	10.9
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.3	9.5	9.4	9.3	9.5
65 years and over (%)	14.5	12.5	16.3	14.5	12.5	16.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	100,890	49,710	51,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,935	9,195	8,735	17.8	18.5	17.1
0 to 5 years	5,215	2,650	2,565	5.2	5.3	5.0
18 to 64 years	58,605	28,805	29,800	58.1	57.9	58.2
65 years and over	24,350	11,700	12,650	24.1	23.5	24.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,240	1,690	1,550	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	600	285	310	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	150	75	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,260	1,225	1,030	...	...	...
65 years and over	385	180	205	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.4	3.0	3.2	3.4	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.1	3.6	3.3	3.1	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.3	3.5	3.9	4.3	3.5
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	106,435	52,370	54,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,375	26,100	28,280	51.1	49.8	52.3
In bottom decile	10,630	5,120	5,505	10.0	9.8	10.2
In second decile	11,160	5,110	6,045	10.5	9.8	11.2
In third decile	11,040	5,225	5,815	10.4	10.0	10.8
In fourth decile	10,740	5,230	5,505	10.1	10.0	10.2
In fifth decile	10,805	5,405	5,400	10.2	10.3	10.0
In top half of the distribution	52,060	26,275	25,780	48.9	50.2	47.7
In sixth decile	10,845	5,410	5,435	10.2	10.3	10.1
In seventh decile	10,730	5,325	5,405	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	10,825	5,520	5,300	10.2	10.5	9.8
In ninth decile	9,985	5,040	4,950	9.4	9.6	9.2
In top decile	9,670	4,975	4,690	9.1	9.5	8.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	106,430	...	...	106,430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.450	...	...	0.450	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	107,460	52,910	54,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	100,520	49,890	50,630	93.5	94.3	92.8
French only	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,560	2,830	3,735	6.1	5.3	6.8
Neither English nor French	350	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	107,460	52,910	54,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	105,745	52,090	53,660	98.4	98.5	98.4
French	1,255	615	640	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	107,460	52,910	54,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,890	52,200	53,695	98.5	98.7	98.4
Official languages	96,680	47,885	48,795	90.0	90.5	89.5
English	95,215	47,165	48,050	88.6	89.1	88.1
French	1,460	720	740	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-official languages	9,210	4,310	4,895	8.6	8.1	9.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,125	4,280	4,850	8.5	8.1	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	490	150	335	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	390	120	270	0.4	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,370	3,605	3,765	6.9	6.8	6.9
Albanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,875	875	1,000	1.7	1.7	1.8
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,855	860	990	1.7	1.6	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	260	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	940	435	500	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,485	1,700	1,785	3.2	3.2	3.3
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,535	1,245	1,290	2.4	2.4	2.4
German	2,425	1,190	1,235	2.3	2.2	2.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	775	365	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	585	275	315	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,105	570	535	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	1,020	530	490	0.9	1.0	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	830	415	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	815	410	400	0.8	0.8	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	205	120	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	415	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	135	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	370	140	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	355	140	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	55	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,565	710	855	1.5	1.3	1.6
English and French	340	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,045	470	570	1.0	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	107,460	52,910	54,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	99,150	49,035	50,115	92.3	92.7	91.9
French	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	1,375	695	680	1.3	1.3	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,375	695	680	1.3	1.3	1.2
English and French	835	395	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	5,610	2,565	3,045	5.2	4.8	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	210	90	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	107,460	52,910	54,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	106,430	52,455	53,975	99.0	99.1	98.9
Official languages	103,490	51,025	52,470	96.3	96.4	96.2
English	103,225	50,895	52,335	96.1	96.2	95.9
French	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	2,940	1,435	1,505	2.7	2.7	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,935	1,430	1,500	2.7	2.7	2.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,170	1,080	1,090	2.0	2.0	2.0
Albanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	455	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	450	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	290	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	705	360	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	565	285	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
German	530	270	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	755	370	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	715	355	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	610	295	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	210	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,030	455	570	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	920	400	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	107,460	52,910	54,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	101,565	50,190	51,380	94.5	94.9	94.2
English	1,345	645	705	1.3	1.2	1.3
French	680	320	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	3,190	1,460	1,730	3.0	2.8	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,085	1,415	1,670	2.9	2.7	3.1
English and French	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	106,475	52,395	54,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,180	52,270	53,905	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	106,160	52,260	53,900	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	6,625	2,845	3,775	6.2	5.4	7.0
Non-official languages	12,965	5,885	7,080	12.2	11.2	13.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	250	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	170	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	165	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,730	5,770	6,955	12.0	11.0	12.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	280	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	610	180	430	0.6	0.3	0.8
Bikol	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	560	160	405	0.5	0.3	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,210	4,800	5,410	9.6	9.2	10.0
Albanian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,390	1,130	1,260	2.2	2.2	2.3
Baltic languages	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages	2,350	1,100	1,255	2.2	2.1	2.3
Belarusian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	355	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian	1,335	615	720	1.3	1.2	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	350	140	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,650	2,295	2,360	4.4	4.4	4.4
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,560	1,765	1,795	3.3	3.4	3.3
German	3,510	1,740	1,770	3.3	3.3	3.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	125	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,005	510	495	0.9	1.0	0.9
Afrikaans	235	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	730	370	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	220	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,320	610	705	1.2	1.2	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,220	560	660	1.1	1.1	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	375	165	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	990	425	565	0.9	0.8	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,520	1,110	1,410	2.4	2.1	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	420	165	255	0.4	0.3	0.5
Portuguese	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,920	855	1,070	1.8	1.6	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	315	100	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	140	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	275	100	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	225	80	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	485	185	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese languages	480	180	300	0.5	0.3	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	280	100	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	235	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	250	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	180	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,475	52,400	54,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,940	3,705	4,235	7.5	7.1	7.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,685	3,585	4,105	7.2	6.8	7.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,960	1,825	2,135	3.7	3.5	3.9
Métis	3,690	1,740	1,950	3.5	3.3	3.6
Inuk (Inuit)	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	98,535	48,695	49,840	92.5	92.9	92.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	106,475	52,400	54,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,515	1,190	1,320	2.4	2.3	2.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,960	51,210	52,755	97.6	97.7	97.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	35,325	...	...	76.4	...	...
Renter	10,850	...	...	23.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,675	...	...	12.3	...	...
Not condominium	40,570	...	...	87.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	335	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	4,650	...	...	10.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,485	...	...	27.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,680	...	...	31.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,090	...	...	30.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,125	...	...	24.1	...	...
5 rooms	6,830	...	...	14.8	...	...
6 rooms	6,645	...	...	14.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,730	...	...	12.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,910	...	...	34.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,755	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	490	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,845	...	...	97.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,395	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,010	...	...	10.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,840	...	...	29.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,925	...	...	12.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,025	...	...	17.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,755	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,995	...	...	8.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,530	...	...	5.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,160	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,360	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,885	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,980	...	...	47.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,955	...	...	47.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,305	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	815	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,300	...	...	9.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,590	...	...	14.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,175	...	...	15.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,465	...	...	22.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,730	...	...	21.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,410	...	...	11.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,765	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,820	...	...	79.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,005	...	...	21.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,090	...	...	18.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,300	...	...	26.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,170	...	...	17.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,055	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,115	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	620	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,940	...	...	73.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,905	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,370	...	...	8.0	...	...
Not in core need	38,535	...	...	92.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,230	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.7	...	...	55.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,360	...	...	1,360	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	673,000	...	...	673,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,670	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.2	...	...	39.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.0	...	...	17.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,282	...	...	1,282	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	65	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	480	...	...	480	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	106,475	52,395	54,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,235	1,025	1,210	2.1	2.0	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,155	980	1,175	2.0	1.9	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,540	680	855	1.4	1.3	1.6
Métis single ancestry	605	295	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,400	3,095	3,305	6.0	5.9	6.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,170	2,980	3,190	5.8	5.7	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,880	1,860	2,015	3.6	3.5	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,255	1,095	1,160	2.1	2.1	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	97,835	48,275	49,560	91.9	92.1	91.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	106,475	52,400	54,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,625	50,620	52,005	96.4	96.6	96.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,000	9,055	8,945	16.9	17.3	16.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,630	41,565	43,055	79.5	79.3	79.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,845	1,780	2,070	3.6	3.4	3.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	106,475	52,400	54,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	93,510	46,330	47,185	87.8	88.4	87.3
Immigrants⁸¹	12,345	5,755	6,590	11.6	11.0	12.2
Before 1980	5,300	2,550	2,750	5.0	4.9	5.1
1980 to 1990	1,480	640	835	1.4	1.2	1.5
1991 to 2000	1,330	600	730	1.2	1.1	1.3
2001 to 2010	2,220	1,030	1,190	2.1	2.0	2.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,020	935	1,090	1.9	1.8	2.0
2011 to 2015	910	430	480	0.9	0.8	0.9
2016 to 2021	1,110	505	605	1.0	1.0	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	615	315	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	12,345	5,755	6,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,500	760	735	12.2	13.2	11.2
5 to 14 years	2,575	1,255	1,320	20.9	21.8	20.0
15 to 24 years	2,645	1,200	1,445	21.4	20.9	21.9
25 to 44 years	4,655	2,085	2,570	37.7	36.2	39.0
45 years and over	970	450	520	7.9	7.8	7.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	12,345	5,755	6,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,965	790	1,175	15.9	13.7	17.8
Brazil	40	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
El Salvador	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Guyana	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	25	45	0.6	0.4	0.7
Mexico	80	25	55	0.6	0.4	0.8
Peru	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
United States of America	1,415	610	805	11.5	10.6	12.2
Other places of birth in Americas	250	85	165	2.0	1.5	2.5
Europe	6,915	3,495	3,415	56.0	60.7	51.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
France	85	55	30	0.7	1.0	0.5
Germany	1,385	705	680	11.2	12.3	10.3
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	90	50	45	0.7	0.9	0.7
Italy	150	75	80	1.2	1.3	1.2
Netherlands	575	335	245	4.7	5.8	3.7
Poland	375	180	195	3.0	3.1	3.0
Portugal	65	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.6
Romania	45	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Russian Federation	175	80	90	1.4	1.4	1.4
Serbia⁸⁶	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	125	55	70	1.0	1.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,570	1,255	1,315	20.8	21.8	20.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,175	595	580	9.5	10.3	8.8
Africa	480	230	250	3.9	4.0	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	290	140	155	2.3	2.4	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	135	85	55	1.1	1.5	0.8
Asia	2,545	1,015	1,525	20.6	17.6	23.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	65	40	25	0.5	0.7	0.4
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	35	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	40	30	0.5	0.7	0.5
Turkey	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	240	70	165	1.9	1.2	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	65	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.6
Taiwan	45	10	35	0.4	0.2	0.5
Philippines	550	155	400	4.5	2.7	6.1
Viet Nam	145	55	90	1.2	1.0	1.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	675	295	380	5.5	5.1	5.8
Pakistan	110	60	50	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	425	180	250	3.4	3.1	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	445	220	220	3.6	3.8	3.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,110	505	605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	205	90	115	18.5	17.8	19.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	20	20	3.6	4.0	3.3
Mexico	20	0	20	1.8	0.0	3.3
United States of America	125	65	60	11.3	12.9	9.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.7
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Europe	215	105	105	19.4	20.8	17.4
France	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Germany	30	0	25	2.7	0.0	4.1
Ireland⁹⁶	15	10	10	1.4	2.0	1.7
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	75	60	15	6.8	11.9	2.5
Other places of birth in Europe	60	35	25	5.4	6.9	4.1
Africa	70	25	50	6.3	5.0	8.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	1.8	2.0	1.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	30	3.6	3.0	5.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Asia	540	245	300	48.6	48.5	49.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	0	25	2.3	0.0	4.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	60	60	10.8	11.9	9.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.9	2.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	1.4	0.0	1.7
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	40	10	25	3.6	2.0	4.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	10	10	1.4	2.0	1.7
Philippines	165	65	100	14.9	12.9	16.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	35	30	5.9	6.9	5.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	15	0	1.4	3.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	50	20	35	4.5	4.0	5.8
Oceania and other⁹³	80	40	35	7.2	7.9	5.8
Australia	55	35	25	5.0	6.9	4.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	0	15	1.8	0.0	2.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	106,475	52,400	54,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	14,070	6,645	7,420	13.2	12.7	13.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,560	9,790	9,775	18.4	18.7	18.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	72,845	35,960	36,885	68.4	68.6	68.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,045	3,205	3,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,665	1,835	1,830	52.0	57.3	47.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,485	955	525	21.1	29.8	13.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,180	885	1,300	30.9	27.6	33.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,855	1,105	1,755	40.5	34.5	45.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	485	255	230	6.9	8.0	6.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	10	25	0.6	0.3	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,045	3,205	3,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	55	35	1.3	1.7	0.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,385	685	710	19.7	21.4	18.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	190	80	110	2.7	2.5	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	270	85	185	3.8	2.7	4.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	40	40	1.1	1.2	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,025	2,270	2,760	71.3	70.8	71.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	106,475	52,395	54,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,265	2,760	3,500	5.9	5.3	6.5
South Asian	1,810	880	935	1.7	1.7	1.7
Chinese	845	355	490	0.8	0.7	0.9
Black	540	280	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	805	270	535	0.8	0.5	1.0
Arab	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	395	130	260	0.4	0.2	0.5
Southeast Asian	405	175	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
West Asian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	695	300	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	100,210	49,635	50,575	94.1	94.7	93.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	106,475	52,400	54,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,130	7,080	7,050	13.3	13.5	13.0
English	32,760	15,710	17,045	30.8	30.0	31.5
Irish	19,115	9,100	10,015	18.0	17.4	18.5
Scottish	23,810	11,770	12,040	22.4	22.5	22.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,685	5,090	5,600	10.0	9.7	10.4
German	21,590	10,690	10,900	20.3	20.4	20.2
Chinese	985	415	570	0.9	0.8	1.1
Italian	3,395	1,610	1,785	3.2	3.1	3.3
Indian (India)	1,040	500	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Ukrainian	8,335	3,940	4,400	7.8	7.5	8.1
Dutch	6,175	3,160	3,015	5.8	6.0	5.6
Polish	4,355	2,165	2,185	4.1	4.1	4.0
Québécois	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,655	2,280	2,375	4.4	4.4	4.4
Filipino	825	275	550	0.8	0.5	1.0
French Canadian	1,130	520	610	1.1	1.0	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,995	1,040	955	1.9	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,500	1,210	1,295	2.3	2.3	2.4
Métis	3,140	1,540	1,605	2.9	2.9	3.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,595	1,245	1,355	2.4	2.4	2.5
Russian	4,850	2,380	2,470	4.6	4.5	4.6
Norwegian	4,790	2,340	2,450	4.5	4.5	4.5
Welsh	3,385	1,610	1,775	3.2	3.1	3.3
Portuguese	460	255	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
American	2,310	1,065	1,245	2.2	2.0	2.3
Spanish	585	250	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	3,470	1,595	1,875	3.3	3.0	3.5
Hungarian	1,490	720	765	1.4	1.4	1.4
Acadian	160	50	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	130	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jewish	520	295	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Punjabi	260	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Greek	315	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	875	345	535	0.8	0.7	1.0
Korean	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	840	385	460	0.8	0.7	0.9
Lebanese	150	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	335	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,485	750	735	1.4	1.4	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	690	300	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sikh	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	1,565	710	860	1.5	1.4	1.6
Belgian	740	340	400	0.7	0.6	0.7
Haitian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	495	260	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Swiss	995	500	500	0.9	1.0	0.9
Finnish	805	330	480	0.8	0.6	0.9
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	455	240	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Japanese	830	360	470	0.8	0.7	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	155	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	970	410	560	0.9	0.8	1.0
Muslim	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	855	420	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	605	300	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Syrian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	295	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	240	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	340	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australian	405	235	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	155	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	350	120	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	515	275	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ecuadorian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	55	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Estonian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	100	15	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	106,475	52,395	54,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	400	150	250	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	41,735	19,040	22,700	39.2	36.3	42.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,510	4,975	5,535	9.9	9.5	10.2
Anabaptist	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	3,595	1,520	2,065	3.4	2.9	3.8
Baptist	1,615	740	875	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catholic	10,640	4,945	5,690	10.0	9.4	10.5
Christian Orthodox	450	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,060	455	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Latter Day Saints	660	320	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lutheran	2,245	1,075	1,165	2.1	2.1	2.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,170	525	650	1.1	1.0	1.2
Presbyterian	595	245	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	515	240	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Church	4,950	2,055	2,895	4.6	3.9	5.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,445	1,580	1,860	3.2	3.0	3.4
Hindu	325	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	495	270	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	760	340	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	160	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,220	475	740	1.1	0.9	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	61,180	31,800	29,375	57.5	60.7	54.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	105,695	52,010	53,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	91,375	45,095	46,280	86.5	86.7	86.2
Movers	14,320	6,915	7,405	13.5	13.3	13.8
Non-migrants	6,540	3,095	3,445	6.2	6.0	6.4
Migrants	7,785	3,820	3,960	7.4	7.3	7.4
Internal migrants	7,240	3,580	3,660	6.8	6.9	6.8
Intraprovincial migrants	5,330	2,605	2,725	5.0	5.0	5.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,910	975	935	1.8	1.9	1.7
External migrants	540	240	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,185	50,185	52,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	56,125	27,570	28,550	54.9	54.9	54.9
Movers	46,060	22,615	23,450	45.1	45.1	45.1
Non-migrants	12,215	5,980	6,235	12.0	11.9	12.0
Migrants	33,845	16,635	17,215	33.1	33.1	33.1
Internal migrants	31,905	15,770	16,135	31.2	31.4	31.0
Intraprovincial migrants	24,055	11,805	12,250	23.5	23.5	23.6
Interprovincial migrants	7,850	3,960	3,885	7.7	7.9	7.5
External migrants	1,945	870	1,080	1.9	1.7	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,380	44,685	46,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,885	9,205	7,675	18.5	20.6	16.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,495	35,480	39,015	81.5	79.4	83.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,680	26,790	27,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,720	4,005	2,715	12.3	14.9	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,960	22,790	25,170	87.7	85.1	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,380	44,685	46,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,990	7,380	6,605	15.3	16.5	14.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,300	14,265	15,040	32.1	31.9	32.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,095	23,045	25,050	52.6	51.6	53.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,580	16,295	16,280	35.7	36.5	34.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,230	7,915	2,315	11.2	17.7	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,655	2,100	1,555	4.0	4.7	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,570	5,815	760	7.2	13.0	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,675	7,435	12,240	21.5	16.6	26.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,675	945	1,725	2.9	2.1	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,515	6,750	8,770	17.0	15.1	18.8
Bachelor's degree	10,190	4,195	5,995	11.2	9.4	12.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,060	445	615	1.2	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	595	360	235	0.7	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	3,230	1,500	1,735	3.5	3.4	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	440	255	190	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,685	26,790	27,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,315	3,175	2,140	9.7	11.9	7.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,855	8,495	8,360	30.8	31.7	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,505	15,115	17,390	59.4	56.4	62.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,590	10,675	10,915	39.5	39.8	39.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,405	5,015	1,390	11.7	18.7	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,270	1,295	980	4.2	4.8	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,135	3,725	415	7.6	13.9	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,490	5,060	8,430	24.7	18.9	30.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,695	595	1,095	3.1	2.2	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,915	4,445	6,475	20.0	16.6	23.2
Bachelor's degree	7,375	2,920	4,455	13.5	10.9	16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	725	275	445	1.3	1.0	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	400	215	190	0.7	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	2,175	905	1,265	4.0	3.4	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	240	125	115	0.4	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,380	44,685	46,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,285	21,640	21,645	47.4	48.4	46.4
Education	4,155	1,180	2,975	4.5	2.6	6.4
13. Education	4,155	1,180	2,975	4.5	2.6	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,450	575	880	1.6	1.3	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	170	60	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,220	405	815	1.3	0.9	1.7
Humanities	1,700	705	995	1.9	1.6	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	30	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	425	130	300	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	505	200	310	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	240	135	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	185	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,115	1,255	2,865	4.5	2.8	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	400	165	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	925	80	845	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	675	135	535	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	670	200	470	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,305	635	675	1.4	1.4	1.4
Business, management and public administration	8,790	2,915	5,870	9.6	6.5	12.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	790	145	645	0.9	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,990	2,770	5,220	8.7	6.2	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,555	760	795	1.7	1.7	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	625	235	390	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	410	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	395	295	100	0.4	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,045	690	360	1.1	1.5	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	810	575	235	0.9	1.3	0.5
25. Library science	85	0	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,515	10,825	690	12.6	24.2	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	230	100	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
14. Engineering	1,020	895	125	1.1	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,270	2,080	195	2.5	4.7	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,535	3,435	105	3.9	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,850	2,810	40	3.1	6.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,600	1,505	95	1.8	3.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,855	1,140	715	2.0	2.6	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	915	480	430	1.0	1.1	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	935	655	280	1.0	1.5	0.6
Health and related fields	8,645	1,420	7,230	9.5	3.2	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	530	195	335	0.6	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,925	1,110	6,820	8.7	2.5	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	175	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,255	1,575	1,675	3.6	3.5	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,140	605	1,535	2.3	1.4	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	230	90	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	760	710	50	0.8	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,680	26,795	27,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	22,170	11,675	10,495	40.5	43.6	37.6
Education	2,315	610	1,700	4.2	2.3	6.1
13. Education	2,315	610	1,700	4.2	2.3	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,010	335	675	1.8	1.3	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	895	270	625	1.6	1.0	2.2
Humanities	1,105	505	605	2.0	1.9	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	275	85	190	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	330	150	190	0.6	0.6	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	95	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	125	70	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,075	840	2,235	5.6	3.1	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	145	215	0.6	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	715	65	655	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	545	90	455	1.0	0.3	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	460	120	340	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	880	385	495	1.6	1.4	1.8
Business, management and public administration	6,105	1,965	4,140	11.2	7.3	14.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	570	80	490	1.0	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,530	1,885	3,645	10.1	7.0	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,060	465	595	1.9	1.7	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	470	155	310	0.9	0.6	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	280	120	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	260	180	80	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	760	545	215	1.4	2.0	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	640	495	150	1.2	1.8	0.5
25. Library science	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,520	6,965	555	13.8	26.0	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	150	40	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
14. Engineering	665	550	115	1.2	2.1	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,515	1,350	165	2.8	5.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,375	2,300	75	4.3	8.6	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,860	1,835	25	3.4	6.8	0.1
48. Precision production	950	895	65	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,335	755	590	2.4	2.8	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	670	335	335	1.2	1.3	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	670	415	250	1.2	1.5	0.9
Health and related fields	5,930	1,030	4,895	10.8	3.8	17.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	425	160	265	0.8	0.6	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,385	810	4,575	9.8	3.0	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,275	1,100	1,180	4.2	4.1	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,480	415	1,065	2.7	1.5	3.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	225	150	75	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	550	510	45	1.0	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,680	26,795	27,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,170	11,675	10,495	40.5	43.6	37.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,510	15,120	17,390	59.5	56.4	62.4
Location of study inside Canada	29,135	13,520	15,615	53.3	50.5	56.0
Same as province or territory of residence	20,415	9,190	11,220	37.3	34.3	40.2
Different than province or territory of residence	8,725	4,330	4,390	16.0	16.2	15.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,375	1,600	1,775	6.2	6.0	6.4
Americas	985	445	540	1.8	1.7	1.9
United States of America	855	415	440	1.6	1.5	1.6
Mexico	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,225	660	565	2.2	2.5	2.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	205	115	90	0.4	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	95	65	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	40	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	540	300	240	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	140	55	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	780	270	505	1.4	1.0	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	300	85	220	0.5	0.3	0.8
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	225	95	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	245	165	85	0.4	0.6	0.3
Australia	180	110	65	0.3	0.4	0.2
New Zealand	65	50	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,380	44,685	46,695	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,010	27,715	25,300	...	...	...
Employed	48,315	25,185	23,135	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,690	2,525	2,165	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,370	16,975	21,395	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.0	62.0	54.2	58.0	62.0	54.2
Employment rate	52.9	56.4	49.5	52.9	56.4	49.5
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.1	8.6	8.8	9.1	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,375	44,685	46,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	37,665	16,625	21,035	41.2	37.2	45.0
Worked	53,720	28,060	25,655	58.8	62.8	54.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	25,565	14,880	10,685	28.0	33.3	22.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,150	13,180	14,970	30.8	29.5	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.1	40.8	39.3	40.1	40.8	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,010	27,710	25,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	575	390	1.8	2.1	1.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	52,045	27,135	24,910	98.2	97.9	98.5
Employee	41,340	20,830	20,510	78.0	75.2	81.1
Permanent position	33,935	17,375	16,560	64.0	62.7	65.5
Temporary position	7,410	3,460	3,950	14.0	12.5	15.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,710	785	925	3.2	2.8	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,690	2,670	3,020	10.7	9.6	11.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,705	6,310	4,400	20.2	22.8	17.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,010	27,710	25,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	575	390	1.8	2.1	1.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	52,045	27,135	24,910	98.2	97.9	98.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	615	400	215	1.2	1.4	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,430	1,765	5,665	14.0	6.4	22.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,970	2,295	680	5.6	8.3	2.7
3 Health occupations	4,460	845	3,615	8.4	3.0	14.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,140	1,535	3,600	9.7	5.5	14.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,510	585	925	2.8	2.1	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	13,575	5,505	8,070	25.6	19.9	31.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,550	10,590	960	21.8	38.2	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,510	1,815	690	4.7	6.5	2.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,285	1,795	495	4.3	6.5	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,010	27,710	25,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	575	390	1.8	2.1	1.5
All industries¹⁹¹	52,045	27,135	24,910	98.2	97.9	98.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,345	1,545	795	4.4	5.6	3.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	680	605	75	1.3	2.2	0.3
22 Utilities	535	385	150	1.0	1.4	0.6
23 Construction	6,395	5,480	910	12.1	19.8	3.6
31-33 Manufacturing	3,685	2,780	905	7.0	10.0	3.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,545	1,030	510	2.9	3.7	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	6,940	3,120	3,820	13.1	11.3	15.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,135	1,610	530	4.0	5.8	2.1
51 Information and cultural industries	525	310	210	1.0	1.1	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,195	395	800	2.3	1.4	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	935	435	510	1.8	1.6	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,505	1,795	1,710	6.6	6.5	6.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	100	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,205	1,165	1,035	4.2	4.2	4.1
61 Educational services	3,245	995	2,250	6.1	3.6	8.9
62 Health care and social assistance	7,045	1,250	5,790	13.3	4.5	22.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,430	775	655	2.7	2.8	2.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,390	1,390	1,995	6.4	5.0	7.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,475	1,175	1,300	4.7	4.2	5.1
91 Public administration	1,745	840	900	3.3	3.0	3.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,995	30,065	27,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,850	29,570	27,280	98.0	98.4	97.7
French	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	360	130	230	0.6	0.4	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	580	290	285	1.0	1.0	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,995	30,065	27,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	57,890	30,000	27,885	99.8	99.8	99.9
Official languages	57,705	29,935	27,770	99.5	99.6	99.4
English	57,580	29,900	27,680	99.3	99.5	99.1
French	130	40	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	180	70	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	70	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	120	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	105	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,995	30,065	27,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	57,135	29,700	27,435	98.5	98.8	98.2
English	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
French	280	105	175	0.5	0.3	0.6
Non-official language	380	190	190	0.7	0.6	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	370	185	190	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,320	25,185	23,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,195	3,845	4,350	17.0	15.3	18.8
Worked outside Canada	130	115	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,765	6,650	2,115	18.1	26.4	9.1
Usual place of work	31,225	14,575	16,650	64.6	57.9	72.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,225	14,575	16,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	13,435	5,675	7,755	43.0	38.9	46.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	13,510	6,305	7,205	43.3	43.3	43.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,880	2,295	1,590	12.4	15.7	9.5
Commute to a different province or territory	405	305	100	1.3	2.1	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,990	21,225	18,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,770	19,010	16,765	89.4	89.6	89.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	33,250	17,820	15,420	83.1	84.0	82.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,525	1,185	1,335	6.3	5.6	7.1
Public transit	470	185	285	1.2	0.9	1.5
Walked	2,160	975	1,195	5.4	4.6	6.4
Bicycle	485	325	160	1.2	1.5	0.9
Other method	1,100	730	370	2.8	3.4	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,990	21,225	18,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,730	7,675	9,055	41.8	36.2	48.3
15 to 29 minutes	12,795	6,755	6,035	32.0	31.8	32.2
30 to 44 minutes	6,125	3,710	2,420	15.3	17.5	12.9
45 to 59 minutes	2,080	1,310	770	5.2	6.2	4.1
60 minutes and over	2,260	1,770	490	5.7	8.3	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,990	21,225	18,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,850	2,145	705	7.1	10.1	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,290	5,000	2,290	18.2	23.6	12.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,625	5,570	5,055	26.6	26.2	26.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,165	3,700	5,460	22.9	17.4	29.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,665	1,750	2,910	11.7	8.2	15.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,400	3,055	2,345	13.5	14.4	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,785	9,615	9,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,420	725	695	7.6	7.5	7.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,365	8,890	8,475	92.4	92.5	92.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,115	7,220	6,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,060	535	530	7.5	7.4	7.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	535	265	275	3.8	3.7	4.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	525	270	250	3.7	3.7	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,050	6,685	6,365	92.5	92.6	92.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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