Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vancouver GranvilleMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)] Remove						British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...	5,000,879	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...	4,648,055	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...	2,211,694	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,834	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...	920,686.55	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	116,795	55,025	61,770	100.0	100.0	100.0	5,000,880	2,457,515	2,543,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,610	6,510	6,100	10.8	11.8	9.9	716,900	369,250	347,650	14.3	15.0	13.7
0 to 4 years	4,450	2,275	2,175	3.8	4.1	3.5	216,825	111,015	105,805	4.3	4.5	4.2
5 to 9 years	4,150	2,160	1,990	3.6	3.9	3.2	244,290	125,810	118,485	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	4,010	2,080	1,930	3.4	3.8	3.1	255,790	132,425	123,365	5.1	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	82,785	39,395	43,385	70.9	71.6	70.2	3,267,620	1,614,625	1,652,995	65.3	65.7	65.0
15 to 19 years	4,405	2,295	2,105	3.8	4.2	3.4	253,690	131,245	122,445	5.1	5.3	4.8
20 to 24 years	7,560	3,565	3,995	6.5	6.5	6.5	294,650	151,505	143,145	5.9	6.2	5.6
25 to 29 years	12,260	5,830	6,430	10.5	10.6	10.4	337,090	170,500	166,585	6.7	6.9	6.5
30 to 34 years	12,250	6,000	6,250	10.5	10.9	10.1	358,585	178,925	179,660	7.2	7.3	7.1
35 to 39 years	9,865	4,860	5,005	8.4	8.8	8.1	353,350	175,175	178,175	7.1	7.1	7.0
40 to 44 years	7,935	3,780	4,155	6.8	6.9	6.7	319,740	156,480	163,260	6.4	6.4	6.4
45 to 49 years	7,215	3,360	3,855	6.2	6.1	6.2	310,035	149,520	160,515	6.2	6.1	6.3
50 to 54 years	7,625	3,455	4,170	6.5	6.3	6.8	329,005	158,540	170,460	6.6	6.5	6.7
55 to 59 years	7,250	3,330	3,930	6.2	6.1	6.4	356,345	172,520	183,825	7.1	7.0	7.2
60 to 64 years	6,410	2,915	3,500	5.5	5.3	5.7	355,130	170,210	184,920	7.1	6.9	7.3
65 years and over	21,410	9,125	12,285	18.3	16.6	19.9	1,016,365	473,640	542,720	20.3	19.3	21.3
65 to 69 years	6,025	2,615	3,405	5.2	4.8	5.5	319,405	152,705	166,700	6.4	6.2	6.6
70 to 74 years	5,765	2,480	3,285	4.9	4.5	5.3	272,365	130,370	141,995	5.4	5.3	5.6
75 to 79 years	3,650	1,595	2,055	3.1	2.9	3.3	181,075	86,060	95,015	3.6	3.5	3.7
80 to 84 years	2,650	1,090	1,560	2.3	2.0	2.5	121,055	55,285	65,780	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	3,320	1,335	1,985	2.8	2.4	3.2	122,465	49,225	73,235	2.4	2.0	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,865	785	1,075	1.6	1.4	1.7	74,315	32,315	42,005	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,055	430	625	0.9	0.8	1.0	36,840	13,715	23,120	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	335	110	225	0.3	0.2	0.4	9,790	2,865	6,925	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,515	330	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.8	11.8	9.9	10.8	11.8	9.9	14.3	15.0	13.7	14.3	15.0	13.7
15 to 64 years	70.9	71.6	70.2	70.9	71.6	70.2	65.3	65.7	65.0	65.3	65.7	65.0
65 years and over	18.3	16.6	19.9	18.3	16.6	19.9	20.3	19.3	21.3	20.3	19.3	21.3
85 years and over	2.8	2.4	3.2	2.8	2.4	3.2	2.4	2.0	2.9	2.4	2.0	2.9
Average age of the population	42.5	41.3	43.6	42.5	41.3	43.6	43.1	42.2	43.9	43.1	42.2	43.9
Median age of the population	39.6	38.4	41.2	39.6	38.4	41.2	42.8	41.6	44.0	42.8	41.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	55,140	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	8,235	...	...	14.9	...	...	866,340	...	...	42.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	810	...	...	1.5	...	...	62,890	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	2,060	...	...	3.7	...	...	168,590	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	7,090	...	...	12.9	...	...	249,835	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	25,315	...	...	45.9	...	...	417,475	...	...	20.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	11,495	...	...	20.8	...	...	221,845	...	...	10.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.2	...	...	3,760	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	20	...	...	0.0	...	...	51,100	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	55,140	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	21,890	...	...	39.7	...	...	600,705	...	...	29.4	...	...
2 persons	18,835	...	...	34.2	...	...	719,865	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	6,665	...	...	12.1	...	...	296,200	...	...	14.5	...	...
4 persons	5,010	...	...	9.1	...	...	256,700	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,740	...	...	5.0	...	...	168,355	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	115,200	54,345	60,855	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,190	48,515	55,670	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,283,980	2,088,265	2,195,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,380	27,055	27,325	52.2	55.8	49.1	2,464,130	1,229,850	1,234,280	57.5	58.9	56.2
Married	41,890	20,710	21,180	40.2	42.7	38.0	2,036,165	1,015,165	1,021,000	47.5	48.6	46.5
Living common-law	12,490	6,350	6,145	12.0	13.1	11.0	427,970	214,680	213,285	10.0	10.3	9.7
Living common law - Never married	10,840	5,465	5,375	10.4	11.3	9.7	313,560	158,045	155,515	7.3	7.6	7.1
Living common law - Separated	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1	17,220	8,940	8,285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,385	730	655	1.3	1.5	1.2	87,370	43,700	43,670	2.0	2.1	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,815	3,995	5,820	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	49,805	21,460	28,345	47.8	44.2	50.9	1,819,845	858,415	961,435	42.5	41.1	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	36,700	17,765	18,940	35.2	36.6	34.0	1,202,625	653,345	549,280	28.1	31.3	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,085	760	1,320	2.0	1.6	2.4	110,710	47,290	63,420	2.6	2.3	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,515	2,130	4,390	6.3	4.4	7.9	283,035	109,615	173,420	6.6	5.2	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,500	805	3,700	4.3	1.7	6.6	223,475	48,165	175,310	5.2	2.3	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	30,200	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,399,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,820	...	...	59.0	...	...	763,875	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	6,245	...	...	20.7	...	...	290,335	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	4,930	...	...	16.3	...	...	255,295	...	...	18.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,200	...	...	4.0	...	...	89,900	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	30,200	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,399,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,905	...	...	85.8	...	...	1,190,930	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	19,655	...	...	65.1	...	...	977,010	...	...	69.8	...	...
With children⁶	10,195	...	...	33.8	...	...	496,240	...	...	35.5	...	...
Without children	9,460	...	...	31.3	...	...	480,770	...	...	34.4	...	...
Common-law couples	6,240	...	...	20.7	...	...	213,925	...	...	15.3	...	...
With children⁶	895	...	...	3.0	...	...	64,570	...	...	4.6	...	...
Without children	5,350	...	...	17.7	...	...	149,355	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,300	...	...	14.2	...	...	208,475	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,560	...	...	11.8	...	...	161,820	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	740	...	...	2.5	...	...	46,655	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	115,200	54,345	60,855	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	80,350	39,415	40,940	69.7	72.5	67.3	3,897,915	1,933,790	1,964,120	79.3	80.0	78.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	51,805	26,050	25,755	45.0	47.9	42.3	2,381,865	1,191,345	1,190,515	48.5	49.3	47.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,295	740	3,560	3.7	1.4	5.8	208,475	46,660	161,820	4.2	1.9	6.5
Children⁶	24,245	12,620	11,620	21.0	23.2	19.1	1,307,575	695,790	611,785	26.6	28.8	24.5
In a two-parent family	18,405	9,585	8,820	16.0	17.6	14.5	1,001,235	529,410	471,830	20.4	21.9	18.9
In a one-parent family	5,840	3,040	2,800	5.1	5.6	4.6	306,340	166,380	139,960	6.2	6.9	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	34,850	14,935	19,915	30.3	27.5	32.7	1,018,030	483,010	535,015	20.7	20.0	21.4
Living alone	21,890	8,770	13,120	19.0	16.1	21.6	600,705	273,740	326,960	12.2	11.3	13.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,105	1,155	1,950	2.7	2.1	3.2	139,900	56,735	83,160	2.8	2.3	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	9,850	5,005	4,840	8.6	9.2	8.0	277,425	152,535	124,890	5.6	6.3	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	55,140	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,255	...	...	47.6	...	...	1,157,520	...	...	56.7	...	...
Couple-family households	22,810	...	...	41.4	...	...	1,002,775	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	9,520	...	...	17.3	...	...	463,945	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	13,290	...	...	24.1	...	...	538,825	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,450	...	...	6.3	...	...	154,745	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,215	...	...	2.2	...	...	75,700	...	...	3.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	300	...	...	0.5	...	...	20,325	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,395	...	...	2.5	...	...	79,015	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,075	...	...	7.4	...	...	108,570	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	21,890	...	...	39.7	...	...	600,705	...	...	29.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	102,595	47,840	54,755	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,770	46,460	53,305	97.2	97.1	97.4	4,076,345	1,987,855	2,088,490	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	50,000	43,600	46,400	50,000	43,600	40,800	47,200	36,000	40,800	47,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,810	46,480	53,330	97.3	97.2	97.4	4,078,810	1,989,180	2,089,630	97.1	97.1	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	44,400	39,600	41,600	44,400	39,600	37,200	42,400	33,600	37,200	42,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,205	42,945	49,255	89.9	89.8	90.0	3,655,710	1,808,310	1,847,405	87.0	88.3	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	49,200	38,800	43,200	49,200	38,800	35,200	43,600	28,400	35,200	43,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,875	35,520	38,360	72.0	74.2	70.1	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,030	68.7	71.8	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,000	40,000	44,400	50,000	40,000	38,000	46,000	31,200	38,000	46,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,400	34,250	44,150	76.4	71.6	80.6	3,377,800	1,555,875	1,821,925	80.4	76.0	84.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,300	7,000	7,650	7,300	7,000	7,650	10,000	9,100	10,600	10,000	9,100	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,335	3,105	4,230	7.1	6.5	7.7	370,345	168,520	201,825	8.8	8.2	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,440	5,480	5,480	5,440	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,375	12,895	14,475	26.7	27.0	26.4	1,106,935	526,910	580,025	26.4	25.7	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,500	8,500	8,500	8,500	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	103,000	48,155	54,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,085	46,785	53,305	97.2	97.2	97.2	4,075,270	1,987,400	2,087,875	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	70,700	83,500	59,450	70,700	83,500	59,450	54,450	63,500	45,800	54,450	63,500	45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,120	46,800	53,325	97.2	97.2	97.2	4,077,810	1,988,785	2,089,025	97.1	97.1	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,050	62,800	48,240	55,050	62,800	48,240	45,600	51,900	39,600	45,600	51,900	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,825	43,380	49,450	90.1	90.1	90.2	3,654,285	1,807,745	1,846,535	87.0	88.3	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,400	83,000	55,650	68,400	83,000	55,650	50,520	60,800	40,440	50,520	60,800	40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,410	35,980	38,435	72.2	74.7	70.1	2,886,325	1,472,690	1,413,635	68.7	71.9	65.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	65,500	78,400	53,450	65,500	78,400	53,450	50,520	59,800	40,840	50,520	59,800	40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,225	34,335	43,890	75.9	71.3	80.0	3,374,170	1,553,970	1,820,205	80.3	75.9	84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,260	8,950	9,500	9,260	8,950	9,500	11,030	10,490	11,490	11,030	10,490	11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,290	3,085	4,200	7.1	6.4	7.7	368,410	167,495	200,910	8.8	8.2	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	5,585	7,010	6,400	5,585	7,010	6,540	6,030	6,970	6,540	6,030	6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,210	13,025	14,190	26.4	27.0	25.9	1,102,145	524,940	577,205	26.2	25.6	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,350	9,320	9,380	9,350	9,320	9,380	9,110	8,940	9,260	9,110	8,940	9,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	103,000	48,155	54,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,245	18,440	16,810	34.2	38.3	30.7	1,301,410	737,105	564,300	31.0	36.0	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	74,000	79,500	69,000	74,000	79,500	69,000	65,000	71,500	57,600	65,000	71,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	97,700	112,500	81,500	97,700	112,500	81,500	77,700	86,600	66,000	77,700	86,600	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,360	13,540	16,820	29.5	28.1	30.7	1,195,830	547,835	647,995	28.5	26.7	30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,200	23,200	20,000	21,200	23,200	20,000	19,400	22,400	17,400	19,400	22,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	38,520	44,800	33,480	38,520	44,800	33,480	30,560	36,160	25,840	30,560	36,160	25,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	89.8	92.2	86.8	89.8	92.2	86.8	83.2	87.0	78.2	83.2	87.0	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	72.2	64.8	68.8	72.2	64.8	65.8	69.8	60.4	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	10.2	7.9	13.2	10.2	7.9	13.2	16.8	12.9	21.9	16.8	12.9	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	0.9	0.7	0.4	0.9	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.3	3.6	5.2	4.3	3.6	5.2	5.6	4.5	7.1	5.6	4.5	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.6	3.1	4.2	3.6	3.1	4.2	4.5	3.7	5.6	4.5	3.7	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	102,595	47,840	54,755	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,825	1,380	1,450	2.8	2.9	2.6	124,155	60,445	63,710	3.0	3.0	3.0
With total income	99,765	46,460	53,305	97.2	97.1	97.4	4,076,350	1,987,855	2,088,490	97.0	97.0	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,825	4,435	5,390	9.9	9.5	10.1	385,230	166,325	218,900	9.5	8.4	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	9,710	4,320	5,390	9.7	9.3	10.1	474,245	197,530	276,715	11.6	9.9	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,495	5,790	7,710	13.5	12.5	14.5	627,895	264,860	363,035	15.4	13.3	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	10,935	4,660	6,275	11.0	10.0	11.8	515,780	222,825	292,955	12.7	11.2	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	9,200	3,965	5,240	9.2	8.5	9.8	442,130	198,985	243,150	10.8	10.0	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	7,915	3,340	4,575	7.9	7.2	8.6	363,335	172,380	190,950	8.9	8.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,770	3,030	3,740	6.8	6.5	7.0	284,130	149,100	135,030	7.0	7.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,675	2,700	2,970	5.7	5.8	5.6	221,755	125,565	96,190	5.4	6.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,950	2,315	2,635	5.0	5.0	4.9	172,110	101,195	70,915	4.2	5.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,970	1,980	1,985	4.0	4.3	3.7	136,185	81,180	55,005	3.3	4.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	17,320	9,920	7,395	17.4	21.4	13.9	453,550	307,905	145,645	11.1	15.5	7.0
$100,000 to $149,999	9,535	5,075	4,460	9.6	10.9	8.4	297,440	194,595	102,850	7.3	9.8	4.9
$150,000 and over	7,790	4,845	2,940	7.8	10.4	5.5	156,105	113,310	42,800	3.8	5.7	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	102,595	47,840	54,755	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,780	1,355	1,430	2.7	2.8	2.6	121,690	59,120	62,575	2.9	2.9	2.9
With after-tax income	99,810	46,480	53,330	97.3	97.2	97.4	4,078,810	1,989,185	2,089,630	97.1	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,370	4,690	5,680	10.4	10.1	10.6	402,375	172,800	229,575	9.9	8.7	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,080	4,485	5,590	10.1	9.6	10.5	490,875	204,625	286,255	12.0	10.3	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	15,135	6,535	8,600	15.2	14.1	16.1	705,795	299,550	406,245	17.3	15.1	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,545	5,390	7,155	12.6	11.6	13.4	593,485	261,620	331,865	14.6	13.2	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	10,880	4,630	6,250	10.9	10.0	11.7	502,775	233,645	269,135	12.3	11.7	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,985	3,990	5,000	9.0	8.6	9.4	387,850	198,895	188,955	9.5	10.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,245	3,420	3,825	7.3	7.3	7.2	283,825	160,510	123,315	7.0	8.1	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,970	2,900	3,065	6.0	6.2	5.7	207,535	122,690	84,840	5.1	6.2	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,295	2,105	2,195	4.3	4.5	4.1	150,155	91,640	58,515	3.7	4.6	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,190	1,670	1,525	3.2	3.6	2.9	99,015	63,800	35,220	2.4	3.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	11,115	6,680	4,440	11.1	14.4	8.3	255,125	179,415	75,715	6.3	9.0	3.6
$100,000 to $124,999	4,515	2,560	1,955	4.5	5.5	3.7	127,025	86,835	40,195	3.1	4.4	1.9
$125,000 and over	6,605	4,120	2,485	6.6	8.9	4.7	128,100	92,585	35,515	3.1	4.7	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	102,595	47,840	54,755	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,720	12,320	16,400	28.0	25.8	30.0	1,314,135	576,965	737,165	31.3	28.2	34.3
With employment income	73,875	35,520	38,355	72.0	74.3	70.0	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,035	68.7	71.8	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,025	4,100	4,930	12.2	11.5	12.9	397,640	182,895	214,745	13.8	12.4	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,615	2,440	3,175	7.6	6.9	8.3	234,130	99,970	134,165	8.1	6.8	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,035	3,500	4,540	10.9	9.8	11.8	339,265	147,650	191,615	11.8	10.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,100	2,710	3,395	8.3	7.6	8.8	266,065	118,485	147,580	9.2	8.1	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,625	2,480	3,140	7.6	7.0	8.2	257,235	116,285	140,950	8.9	7.9	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,575	2,500	3,075	7.5	7.0	8.0	247,550	116,085	131,470	8.6	7.9	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,330	2,375	2,955	7.2	6.7	7.7	230,030	112,805	117,220	8.0	7.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,900	2,350	2,545	6.6	6.6	6.6	190,470	105,215	85,260	6.6	7.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,210	2,100	2,110	5.7	5.9	5.5	154,990	91,615	63,375	5.4	6.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,835	1,825	2,010	5.2	5.2	5.2	128,265	77,550	50,715	4.4	5.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,165	1,580	1,585	4.3	4.5	4.1	105,855	64,420	41,430	3.7	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	12,450	7,550	4,900	16.9	21.3	12.8	334,875	238,370	96,505	11.6	16.2	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,715	2,590	2,125	6.4	7.3	5.5	154,515	102,955	51,560	5.4	7.0	3.6
$125,000 and over	7,735	4,960	2,775	10.5	14.0	7.2	180,360	135,420	44,940	6.2	9.2	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	102,595	47,840	54,755	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,560	44,775	51,780	94.1	93.6	94.6	3,960,225	1,926,690	2,033,535	94.3	94.1	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	48,800	40,800	44,000	48,800	40,800	38,400	46,000	32,800	38,400	46,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,735	44,815	51,920	94.3	93.7	94.8	3,968,465	1,928,380	2,040,085	94.5	94.1	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	42,800	36,400	39,200	42,800	36,400	34,800	40,800	30,000	34,800	40,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,620	42,075	48,545	88.3	87.9	88.7	3,614,710	1,784,370	1,830,340	86.1	87.1	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	49,200	39,200	43,600	49,200	39,200	36,400	44,800	29,800	36,400	44,800	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,560	35,510	39,045	72.7	74.2	71.3	2,972,225	1,505,485	1,466,740	70.8	73.5	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	48,400	38,400	42,800	48,400	38,400	36,800	45,200	30,600	36,800	45,200	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,185	25,490	35,690	59.6	53.3	65.2	2,715,540	1,173,320	1,542,220	64.6	57.3	71.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,470	960	1,960	1,470	960	1,960	5,880	4,520	6,450	5,880	4,520	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,895	1,590	2,305	3.8	3.3	4.2	258,710	115,865	142,845	6.2	5.7	6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	4,760	6,800	5,640	4,760	6,800	5,480	5,120	5,800	5,480	5,120	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	103,000	48,155	54,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,905	45,065	51,835	94.1	93.6	94.5	3,959,300	1,926,475	2,032,835	94.3	94.0	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,100	83,600	56,400	69,100	83,600	56,400	52,300	62,250	42,880	52,300	62,250	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	97,075	45,130	51,940	94.2	93.7	94.7	3,967,440	1,928,070	2,039,370	94.5	94.1	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,300	63,850	46,000	54,300	63,850	46,000	43,400	50,520	36,640	43,400	50,520	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,055	42,465	48,590	88.4	88.2	88.6	3,612,845	1,783,870	1,828,980	86.0	87.1	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,300	85,300	55,300	69,300	85,300	55,300	51,080	61,850	40,560	51,080	61,850	40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,940	35,890	39,055	72.8	74.5	71.2	2,971,405	1,506,375	1,465,035	70.7	73.5	68.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,250	77,000	50,600	63,250	77,000	50,600	49,120	58,700	39,280	49,120	58,700	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,040	25,415	35,630	59.3	52.8	65.0	2,711,365	1,168,975	1,542,390	64.5	57.1	71.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,240	5,740	6,600	6,240	5,740	6,600	8,330	8,200	8,430	8,330	8,200	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,890	1,520	2,365	3.8	3.2	4.3	258,380	115,595	142,790	6.2	5.6	6.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,710	5,695	9,010	7,710	5,695	9,010	7,140	6,310	7,810	7,140	6,310	7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	103,000	48,155	54,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,495	17,980	16,515	33.5	37.3	30.1	1,288,260	729,135	559,120	30.7	35.6	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	73,000	61,600	67,000	73,000	61,600	60,400	68,000	52,800	60,400	68,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	90,300	105,500	73,600	90,300	105,500	73,600	72,800	82,200	60,600	72,800	82,200	60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,480	12,710	15,770	27.7	26.4	28.8	1,128,665	516,540	612,120	26.9	25.2	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,800	30,200	26,000	27,800	30,200	26,000	25,200	29,400	22,600	25,200	29,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	46,720	57,350	38,160	46,720	57,350	38,160	36,280	43,320	30,320	36,280	43,320	30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	94.4	96.2	92.0	94.4	96.2	92.0	89.0	92.0	85.0	89.0	92.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	70.8	73.2	67.6	70.8	73.2	67.6	70.4	73.8	66.0	70.4	73.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)	5.7	3.9	8.0	5.7	3.9	8.0	10.9	8.0	14.9	10.9	8.0	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.5	0.2	0.7	0.5	0.2	0.7	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	55,140	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	21,890	...	...	...	...	...	600,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,250	...	...	...	...	...	1,441,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	55,210	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	21,840	...	...	...	...	...	600,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	67,600	...	...	67,600	...	...	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,000	...	...	54,000	...	...	46,680	...	...	46,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,365	...	...	...	...	...	1,441,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	167,800	...	...	167,800	...	...	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,800	...	...	129,800	...	...	109,600	...	...	109,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	55,140	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,310	...	...	2.4	...	...	30,080	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	555	...	...	1.0	...	...	13,160	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	705	...	...	1.3	...	...	19,290	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,235	...	...	2.2	...	...	41,735	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,185	...	...	4.0	...	...	82,340	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,700	...	...	3.1	...	...	63,830	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,715	...	...	3.1	...	...	64,895	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,890	...	...	3.4	...	...	75,105	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,710	...	...	3.1	...	...	73,975	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,860	...	...	3.4	...	...	73,180	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,650	...	...	6.6	...	...	144,895	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,560	...	...	6.5	...	...	139,140	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,365	...	...	6.1	...	...	131,840	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,060	...	...	5.5	...	...	122,530	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,780	...	...	5.0	...	...	112,775	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,860	...	...	43.3	...	...	853,065	...	...	41.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,675	...	...	10.3	...	...	235,680	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,240	...	...	7.7	...	...	178,970	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,680	...	...	10.3	...	...	221,175	...	...	10.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,265	...	...	15.0	...	...	217,240	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	55,140	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,540	...	...	2.8	...	...	34,265	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	570	...	...	1.0	...	...	13,550	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	710	...	...	1.3	...	...	19,930	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,295	...	...	2.3	...	...	43,390	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,345	...	...	4.3	...	...	86,585	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,955	...	...	3.5	...	...	72,515	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,985	...	...	3.6	...	...	74,810	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,160	...	...	3.9	...	...	85,940	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,225	...	...	4.0	...	...	85,575	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,220	...	...	4.0	...	...	85,000	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,350	...	...	7.9	...	...	168,315	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,130	...	...	7.5	...	...	160,070	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,670	...	...	6.7	...	...	149,385	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,295	...	...	6.0	...	...	136,615	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,940	...	...	5.3	...	...	121,890	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,750	...	...	35.8	...	...	704,010	...	...	34.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,715	...	...	10.4	...	...	243,560	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,200	...	...	7.6	...	...	167,850	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,835	...	...	17.8	...	...	292,600	...	...	14.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	30,105	...	...	...	...	...	1,364,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,805	...	...	...	...	...	562,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,095	...	...	...	...	...	561,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	157,000	...	...	157,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,985	...	...	...	...	...	188,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	31,740	13,780	17,960	...	...	...	878,130	426,275	451,855	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	43,200	45,600	44,800	43,200	45,600	39,200	40,800	37,600	39,200	40,800	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	39,200	41,200	40,400	39,200	41,200	36,000	37,200	34,800	36,000	37,200	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	30,195	...	...	...	...	...	1,363,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	171,600	...	...	171,600	...	...	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,400	...	...	131,400	...	...	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,780	...	...	...	...	...	561,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	157,600	...	...	157,600	...	...	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	121,700	...	...	121,700	...	...	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,280	...	...	...	...	...	563,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	218,400	...	...	218,400	...	...	161,800	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	165,800	...	...	165,800	...	...	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,940	...	...	...	...	...	186,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	103,400	...	...	103,400	...	...	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,700	...	...	76,700	...	...	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	31,700	13,910	17,785	...	...	...	875,470	423,270	452,200	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,700	60,650	59,000	59,700	60,650	59,000	50,240	53,050	47,600	50,240	53,050	47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,680	49,240	48,280	48,680	49,240	48,280	42,720	44,400	41,200	42,720	44,400	41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	115,200	54,345	60,855	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,190	7,855	7,335	13.2	14.5	12.1	866,210	446,475	419,740	17.6	18.5	16.8
0 to 5 years	5,290	2,705	2,585	4.6	5.0	4.2	264,100	135,340	128,760	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	79,960	37,900	42,060	69.4	69.7	69.1	3,085,015	1,515,740	1,569,280	62.8	62.7	62.8
65 years and over	20,045	8,590	11,460	17.4	15.8	18.8	964,710	454,590	510,120	19.6	18.8	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,640	6,640	8,000	...	...	...	528,870	246,885	281,980	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,060	1,080	975	...	...	...	98,830	51,230	47,600	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	595	315	280	...	...	...	29,460	15,150	14,310	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,665	4,420	5,240	...	...	...	297,960	141,460	156,505	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,920	1,140	1,775	...	...	...	132,075	54,200	77,875	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.7	12.2	13.1	12.7	12.2	13.1	10.8	10.2	11.3	10.8	10.2	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	13.5	13.8	13.3	13.5	13.8	13.3	11.4	11.5	11.3	11.4	11.5	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	11.6	10.8	11.2	11.6	10.8	11.2	11.2	11.1	11.2	11.2	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.1	11.7	12.5	12.1	11.7	12.5	9.7	9.3	10.0	9.7	9.3	10.0
65 years and over (%)	14.6	13.3	15.5	14.6	13.3	15.5	13.7	11.9	15.3	13.7	11.9	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	115,200	54,345	60,855	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,825,465	2,371,915	2,453,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,190	7,855	7,335	13.2	14.5	12.1	848,955	437,500	411,455	17.6	18.4	16.8
0 to 5 years	5,290	2,705	2,585	4.6	5.0	4.2	259,060	132,740	126,320	5.4	5.6	5.1
18 to 64 years	79,960	37,900	42,060	69.4	69.7	69.1	3,033,655	1,490,215	1,543,435	62.9	62.8	62.9
65 years and over	20,045	8,590	11,460	17.4	15.8	18.8	942,860	444,195	498,660	19.5	18.7	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,680	5,565	6,110	...	...	...	279,035	139,265	139,770	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,480	770	710	...	...	...	44,480	23,070	21,410	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	390	210	180	...	...	...	11,690	6,045	5,640	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,850	4,235	4,615	...	...	...	201,000	101,455	99,545	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,350	565	785	...	...	...	33,555	14,740	18,815	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	10.1	10.2	10.0	10.1	10.2	10.0	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.7	9.8	9.7	9.7	9.8	9.7	5.2	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	7.3	7.6	7.0	7.3	7.6	7.0	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	11.1	11.2	11.0	11.1	11.2	11.0	6.6	6.8	6.5	6.6	6.8	6.5
65 years and over (%)	6.7	6.6	6.9	6.7	6.6	6.9	3.6	3.3	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	115,200	54,345	60,850	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	49,135	22,520	26,615	42.7	41.4	43.7	2,300,730	1,101,130	1,199,605	46.8	45.6	48.0
In bottom decile	15,160	7,070	8,095	13.2	13.0	13.3	516,435	247,990	268,445	10.5	10.3	10.7
In second decile	9,315	4,200	5,115	8.1	7.7	8.4	444,845	206,090	238,750	9.0	8.5	9.6
In third decile	8,435	3,890	4,545	7.3	7.2	7.5	436,965	208,575	228,385	8.9	8.6	9.1
In fourth decile	7,935	3,610	4,325	6.9	6.6	7.1	442,745	214,155	228,590	9.0	8.9	9.1
In fifth decile	8,285	3,755	4,535	7.2	6.9	7.5	459,740	224,315	235,420	9.4	9.3	9.4
In top half of the distribution	66,065	31,825	34,235	57.3	58.6	56.3	2,615,210	1,315,675	1,299,535	53.2	54.4	52.0
In sixth decile	8,955	4,145	4,815	7.8	7.6	7.9	475,780	234,975	240,805	9.7	9.7	9.6
In seventh decile	9,445	4,430	5,005	8.2	8.2	8.2	494,480	246,315	248,165	10.1	10.2	9.9
In eighth decile	10,910	5,195	5,715	9.5	9.6	9.4	518,565	260,640	257,925	10.5	10.8	10.3
In ninth decile	13,355	6,410	6,940	11.6	11.8	11.4	550,860	278,965	271,890	11.2	11.5	10.9
In top decile	23,405	11,650	11,760	20.3	21.4	19.3	575,535	294,785	280,750	11.7	12.2	11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	115,200	...	...	115,200	...	...	4,915,940	...	...	4,915,940	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.432	...	...	0.432	...	...	0.346	...	...	0.346	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.504	...	...	0.504	...	...	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.378	...	...	0.378	...	...	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,655	54,520	61,135	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	98,390	47,275	51,115	85.1	86.7	83.6	4,461,290	2,220,225	2,241,070	90.1	91.2	89.0
French only	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,785	810	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	12,355	5,295	7,060	10.7	9.7	11.5	326,865	146,310	180,565	6.6	6.0	7.2
Neither English nor French	4,830	1,915	2,915	4.2	3.5	4.8	161,720	67,240	94,475	3.3	2.8	3.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,655	54,520	61,135	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,175	51,360	56,815	93.5	94.2	92.9	4,718,195	2,332,370	2,385,825	95.3	95.8	94.8
French	2,045	980	1,060	1.8	1.8	1.7	56,495	28,130	28,370	1.1	1.2	1.1
English and French	675	300	375	0.6	0.6	0.6	18,145	8,260	9,885	0.4	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	4,755	1,875	2,885	4.1	3.4	4.7	158,820	65,825	92,995	3.2	2.7	3.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,655	54,520	61,135	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,750	51,835	57,920	94.9	95.1	94.7	4,761,600	2,343,570	2,418,030	96.2	96.3	96.1
Official languages	64,405	31,825	32,580	55.7	58.4	53.3	3,382,455	1,699,060	1,683,395	68.3	69.8	66.9
English	62,490	30,900	31,590	54.0	56.7	51.7	3,325,035	1,670,420	1,654,615	67.1	68.6	65.7
French	1,915	925	985	1.7	1.7	1.6	57,420	28,645	28,780	1.2	1.2	1.1
Non-official languages	45,345	20,010	25,340	39.2	36.7	41.4	1,379,145	644,515	734,630	27.9	26.5	29.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,490	2,600	2,890	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	390	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	310	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	305	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,560	710	850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	705	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	210	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	510	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	120	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	505	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	295	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	380	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	180	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45,330	20,000	25,335	39.2	36.7	41.4	1,373,655	641,910	731,745	27.7	26.4	29.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	855	480	370	0.7	0.9	0.6	33,195	17,710	15,485	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	70	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,005	1,025	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	805	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	840	475	365	0.7	0.9	0.6	31,020	16,575	14,450	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,620	790	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	455	260	190	0.4	0.5	0.3	22,970	12,330	10,640	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	770	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	295	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	405	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	340	185	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,260	1,275	980	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,310	1,150	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	645	270	375	0.6	0.5	0.6	34,145	15,270	18,875	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	670	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	640	265	375	0.6	0.5	0.6	32,560	14,580	17,985	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,060	1,170	1,890	2.6	2.1	3.1	104,100	42,685	61,415	2.1	1.8	2.4
Bikol	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	180	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	550	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,585	1,405	2,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,895	755	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	170	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2	6,325	2,650	3,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,080	1,730	2,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	85	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	165	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,315	880	1,440	2.0	1.6	2.4	82,835	33,800	49,045	1.7	1.4	1.9
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	425	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	465	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	170	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	610	345	270	0.5	0.6	0.4	13,260	7,225	6,035	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	290	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,740	2,590	2,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	310	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.2	5,055	2,645	2,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	150	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1	2,810	1,650	1,160	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,575	6,960	7,610	12.6	12.8	12.4	657,345	321,395	335,955	13.3	13.2	13.3
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	850	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	650	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,550	1,105	1,445	2.2	2.0	2.4	81,655	37,525	44,135	1.6	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,065	475	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	250	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	220	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,490	1,085	1,410	2.2	2.0	2.3	80,590	37,050	43,540	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,025	960	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.1	5,855	2,770	3,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	430	190	240	0.4	0.3	0.4	15,810	7,190	8,625	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	880	370	510	0.8	0.7	0.8	28,660	12,825	15,835	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	620	270	345	0.5	0.5	0.6	16,425	8,055	8,365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	805	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	170	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2	6,805	3,255	3,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	385	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,665	3,855	3,815	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,275	1,475	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	430	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2	7,120	3,120	4,000	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	225	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,485	680	810	1.3	1.2	1.3	84,375	39,695	44,675	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,025	445	575	0.9	0.8	0.9	53,255	24,820	28,435	1.1	1.0	1.1
German	940	415	520	0.8	0.8	0.9	50,695	23,575	27,125	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,330	1,130	1,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	280	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2	23,295	11,250	12,040	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,700	1,830	1,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	200	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.1	17,345	8,325	9,020	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,580	775	810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	175	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2	7,530	3,465	4,060	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	3,625	1,700	1,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	720	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,175	940	1,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,545	2,925	2,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	6,090	3,050	3,040	5.3	5.6	5.0	368,635	184,325	184,310	7.4	7.6	7.3
Indo-Aryan languages	4,985	2,475	2,505	4.3	4.5	4.1	306,465	153,205	153,260	6.2	6.3	6.1
Assamese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1	4,765	2,640	2,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	210	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	8,250	4,130	4,120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	860	450	405	0.7	0.8	0.7	32,390	16,270	16,120	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,195	510	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,605	840	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,725	900	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,345	1,605	1,735	2.9	2.9	2.8	240,865	119,945	120,915	4.9	4.9	4.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	155	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	960	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	12,210	6,195	6,015	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	325	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,105	570	530	1.0	1.0	0.9	62,135	31,100	31,030	1.3	1.3	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,775	1,510	1,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	760	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	1,035	530	505	0.9	1.0	0.8	57,700	28,670	29,030	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dari	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,005	2,965	3,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	900	460	435	0.8	0.8	0.7	46,395	23,045	23,355	0.9	0.9	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,295	2,665	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,050	1,940	2,105	3.5	3.6	3.4	113,685	55,180	58,505	2.3	2.3	2.3
Catalan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	395	205	185	0.3	0.4	0.3	19,805	10,000	9,800	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	875	425	450	0.8	0.8	0.7	24,320	11,490	12,840	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	225	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2	8,775	4,250	4,525	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,530	1,200	1,330	2.2	2.2	2.2	60,465	29,260	31,205	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,415	460	950	1.2	0.8	1.6	22,030	7,135	14,895	0.4	0.3	0.6
Korean	1,560	625	940	1.3	1.1	1.5	59,935	26,815	33,125	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	185	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	4,910	2,455	2,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	300	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	170	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	520	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	305	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	360	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	215	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	120	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	560	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	500	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,780	9,285	12,500	18.8	17.0	20.4	419,855	189,740	230,115	8.5	7.8	9.1
Chinese languages	21,745	9,260	12,480	18.8	17.0	20.4	417,290	188,495	228,795	8.4	7.7	9.1
Hakka	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,080	895	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	9,590	4,025	5,565	8.3	7.4	9.1	205,205	91,455	113,750	4.1	3.8	4.5
Min Dong	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	830	350	480	0.7	0.6	0.8	11,780	5,240	6,540	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	180	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.2	3,200	1,405	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	10,855	4,715	6,140	9.4	8.6	10.0	192,140	88,195	103,945	3.9	3.6	4.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,560	1,155	1,405	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,205	1,280	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	485	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	305	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	215	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	135	35	100	0.1	0.1	0.2	4,395	1,380	3,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	525	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	30	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,170	800	2,365	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	265	160	105	0.2	0.3	0.2	6,055	3,325	2,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	345	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	245	145	95	0.2	0.3	0.2	4,765	2,685	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	280	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3	11,275	5,160	6,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	235	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1	3,005	1,240	1,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,700	3,685	4,015	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,900	2,690	3,215	5.1	4.9	5.3	190,055	91,010	99,040	3.8	3.7	3.9
English and French	525	250	270	0.5	0.5	0.4	17,320	8,415	8,905	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	4,535	2,085	2,445	3.9	3.8	4.0	150,730	72,755	77,980	3.0	3.0	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,395	1,135	1,260	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,960	1,335	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	605	255	355	0.5	0.5	0.6	16,645	7,375	9,270	0.3	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,655	54,520	61,135	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,230	33,200	35,025	59.0	60.9	57.3	3,491,395	1,745,260	1,746,140	70.5	71.7	69.4
French	460	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4	11,050	5,420	5,625	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	13,910	6,045	7,860	12.0	11.1	12.9	464,235	216,230	248,005	9.4	8.9	9.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	320	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,905	6,045	7,860	12.0	11.1	12.9	463,590	215,910	247,685	9.4	8.9	9.8
English and French	1,640	750	890	1.4	1.4	1.5	42,645	19,975	22,670	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	29,005	13,255	15,745	25.1	24.3	25.8	880,090	419,520	460,570	17.8	17.2	18.3
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,065	480	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	885	405	485	0.8	0.7	0.8	21,610	9,790	11,820	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	1,480	620	855	1.3	1.1	1.4	39,565	17,910	21,660	0.8	0.7	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,655	54,520	61,135	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,555	51,695	57,855	94.7	94.8	94.6	4,753,615	2,340,025	2,413,590	96.0	96.1	95.9
Official languages	83,450	40,095	43,355	72.2	73.5	70.9	3,906,070	1,939,330	1,966,740	78.9	79.7	78.1
English	82,705	39,755	42,950	71.5	72.9	70.3	3,888,825	1,930,925	1,957,900	78.5	79.3	77.8
French	745	345	405	0.6	0.6	0.7	17,245	8,400	8,845	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	26,105	11,595	14,505	22.6	21.3	23.7	847,550	400,695	446,850	17.1	16.5	17.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	595	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	235	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,100	11,600	14,500	22.6	21.3	23.7	846,335	400,100	446,235	17.1	16.4	17.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	385	210	175	0.3	0.4	0.3	19,805	10,000	9,805	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	570	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	455	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	380	205	170	0.3	0.4	0.3	18,605	9,405	9,195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	345	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	13,845	6,995	6,850	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	545	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	290	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,030	535	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	975	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.3	21,705	9,915	11,790	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	360	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.3	20,890	9,535	11,350	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,560	650	915	1.3	1.2	1.5	54,720	24,615	30,105	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	260	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,735	780	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	390	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,280	1,480	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,375	675	700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	195	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,265	530	735	1.1	1.0	1.2	45,380	20,305	25,080	0.9	0.8	1.0
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	200	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	375	200	175	0.3	0.4	0.3	8,005	4,180	3,825	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,890	1,545	1,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,185	1,585	1,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,645	895	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,730	3,220	3,505	5.8	5.9	5.7	364,340	179,590	184,745	7.4	7.4	7.3
Albanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	345	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	315	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	940	410	530	0.8	0.8	0.9	33,875	16,185	17,690	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	930	410	525	0.8	0.8	0.9	33,650	16,070	17,580	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	430	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,760	875	890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,250	2,470	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	425	185	240	0.4	0.3	0.4	16,090	7,655	8,435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	250	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,745	3,270	3,480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	885	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	185	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2	4,010	1,990	2,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,630	755	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	12,280	5,870	6,410	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,805	3,690	4,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,320	3,455	3,865	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	230	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,785	1,850	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,725	850	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	720	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	215	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	320	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	105	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	145	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,915	900	1,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,575	1,740	1,835	3.1	3.2	3.0	263,030	130,695	132,330	5.3	5.4	5.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,925	1,420	1,500	2.5	2.6	2.5	220,735	110,140	110,605	4.5	4.5	4.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,720	1,410	1,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,160	2,050	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	405	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.3	17,670	8,855	8,815	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	185	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	400	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	570	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,185	1,035	1,150	1.9	1.9	1.9	184,065	91,825	92,240	3.7	3.8	3.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	940	445	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,235	4,095	4,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	650	315	335	0.6	0.6	0.5	42,285	20,560	21,725	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	900	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	490	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	605	290	315	0.5	0.5	0.5	39,475	19,095	20,375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dari	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,785	1,900	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	525	245	285	0.5	0.4	0.5	32,375	15,665	16,710	0.7	0.6	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	3,405	1,640	1,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,880	920	960	1.6	1.7	1.6	51,830	25,240	26,590	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catalan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,475	1,930	2,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	495	240	255	0.4	0.4	0.4	12,670	6,055	6,615	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,620	1,740	1,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,225	605	615	1.1	1.1	1.0	30,960	15,455	15,500	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	700	285	420	0.6	0.5	0.7	10,220	4,190	6,035	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	900	390	505	0.8	0.7	0.8	45,525	20,925	24,600	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	705	780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	175	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,720	970	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	790	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	180	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,805	6,355	8,455	12.8	11.7	13.8	310,860	141,235	169,630	6.3	5.8	6.7
Chinese languages	14,780	6,340	8,445	12.8	11.6	13.8	309,165	140,385	168,780	6.2	5.8	6.7
Hakka	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	270	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	7,205	3,120	4,085	6.2	5.7	6.7	162,130	73,835	88,295	3.3	3.0	3.5
Min Dong	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	420	180	240	0.4	0.3	0.4	6,285	2,850	3,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,010	930	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	6,935	2,945	3,995	6.0	5.4	6.5	136,525	61,785	74,745	2.8	2.5	3.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,455	650	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	830	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	325	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	270	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	240	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	130	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,570	655	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	235	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	390	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,030	1,540	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,500	1,290	1,205	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,375	1,100	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	210	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	855	955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,105	2,820	3,280	5.3	5.2	5.4	198,040	94,560	103,480	4.0	3.9	4.1
English and French	335	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,210	3,415	3,800	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	5,420	2,510	2,910	4.7	4.6	4.8	183,010	87,560	95,445	3.7	3.6	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	245	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,525	735	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	265	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.3	5,760	2,605	3,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,655	54,520	61,135	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	87,560	41,755	45,805	75.7	76.6	74.9	4,130,200	2,045,235	2,084,970	83.4	84.0	82.8
English	9,540	4,395	5,145	8.2	8.1	8.4	304,845	147,605	157,245	6.2	6.1	6.2
French	1,220	560	665	1.1	1.0	1.1	34,575	15,995	18,575	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	13,595	6,130	7,465	11.8	11.2	12.2	379,250	176,935	202,310	7.7	7.3	8.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,140	2,360	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	13,575	6,120	7,460	11.7	11.2	12.2	374,105	174,580	199,525	7.6	7.2	7.9
English and French	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,740	1,245	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,560	690	865	1.3	1.3	1.4	46,940	22,760	24,175	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	525	240	290	0.5	0.4	0.5	11,880	5,335	6,550	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	300	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,505	685	825	1.3	1.3	1.3	40,580	19,180	21,395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	115,770	54,730	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,890	52,795	58,090	95.8	96.5	95.2	4,754,865	2,350,105	2,404,760	96.7	97.2	96.2
English	110,855	52,795	58,060	95.8	96.5	95.1	4,753,275	2,349,445	2,403,835	96.7	97.2	96.2
French	12,315	5,195	7,120	10.6	9.5	11.7	327,350	145,985	181,370	6.7	6.0	7.3
Non-official languages	59,980	26,985	32,995	51.8	49.3	54.1	1,780,325	838,795	941,525	36.2	34.7	37.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,560	7,740	8,820	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	885	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,450	675	775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,425	660	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	195	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	360	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	175	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	160	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,540	1,580	1,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,490	1,570	1,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	675	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	395	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	80	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	100	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,145	2,450	2,695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	665	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	285	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	270	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	475	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	130	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	315	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,610	1,310	1,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	545	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	585	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	205	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	965	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	145	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	790	335	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	300	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	140	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	59,930	26,960	32,970	51.8	49.3	54.0	1,764,475	831,400	933,075	35.9	34.4	37.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,690	895	800	1.5	1.6	1.3	50,895	27,105	23,785	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	140	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	90	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	135	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,745	1,470	1,275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	280	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,180	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,680	880	800	1.5	1.6	1.3	48,405	25,830	22,570	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,100	1,605	1,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	720	425	290	0.6	0.8	0.5	35,595	19,250	16,355	0.7	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,270	1,165	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	495	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	190	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	900	420	480	0.8	0.8	0.8	6,995	3,570	3,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,435	1,890	1,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	910	365	540	0.8	0.7	0.9	44,030	19,965	24,070	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,210	1,020	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	890	355	540	0.8	0.6	0.9	41,975	19,020	22,950	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,565	1,810	2,750	3.9	3.3	4.5	148,455	61,285	87,165	3.0	2.5	3.5
Bikol	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	370	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	655	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,995	2,485	3,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	500	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,135	1,215	1,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	290	90	200	0.3	0.2	0.3	11,285	4,555	6,725	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	415	190	220	0.4	0.3	0.4	6,810	3,175	3,640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	115	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	70	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,485	1,665	1,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,550	675	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	925	375	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,900	1,525	2,380	3.4	2.8	3.9	133,780	54,495	79,285	2.7	2.3	3.2
Waray-Waray	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	360	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	3,590	1,580	2,005	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,230	1,610	1,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	225	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	520	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	450	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	280	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	930	515	420	0.8	0.9	0.7	20,585	11,060	9,530	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,615	885	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	115	65	0.2	0.2	0.1	6,765	3,705	3,060	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	575	300	275	0.5	0.5	0.5	9,740	5,125	4,610	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	160	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1	4,860	2,760	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	140	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	22,580	10,775	11,805	19.5	19.7	19.3	906,560	443,600	462,960	18.4	18.4	18.5
Albanian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	2,195	1,045	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,600	765	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,110	1,390	1,720	2.7	2.5	2.8	101,395	47,765	53,630	2.1	2.0	2.1
Baltic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,480	695	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	330	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	365	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,070	1,375	1,695	2.7	2.5	2.8	100,340	47,265	53,075	2.0	2.0	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	140	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,475	1,190	1,285	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,935	3,815	4,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	260	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	515	240	280	0.4	0.4	0.5	19,640	9,130	10,510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	1,290	555	735	1.1	1.0	1.2	42,390	19,800	22,590	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	810	360	445	0.7	0.7	0.7	21,625	10,790	10,835	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	190	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2	3,150	1,540	1,605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	320	120	205	0.3	0.2	0.3	11,060	5,345	5,715	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	495	250	245	0.4	0.5	0.4	11,070	5,640	5,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	255	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,315	1,945	2,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	585	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	375	185	190	0.3	0.3	0.3	12,205	5,430	6,775	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,675	1,430	1,245	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	160	85	75	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,665	920	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	290	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	100	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,960	1,290	1,665	2.6	2.4	2.7	128,605	60,765	67,835	2.6	2.5	2.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	210	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,135	905	1,235	1.8	1.7	2.0	86,275	41,190	45,085	1.8	1.7	1.8
German	2,015	850	1,165	1.7	1.6	1.9	84,325	40,275	44,050	1.7	1.7	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,030	1,415	1,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	480	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	570	270	295	0.5	0.5	0.5	34,480	16,520	17,965	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	9,755	5,050	4,705	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	335	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.3	22,380	10,375	12,005	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	175	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	1,055	1,130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	365	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.3	12,425	5,520	6,910	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,950	2,235	2,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	130	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	3,125	1,420	1,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	180	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2	4,730	2,125	2,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	135	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	560	260	300	0.5	0.5	0.5	9,005	4,630	4,375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	8,425	4,260	4,160	7.3	7.8	6.8	477,485	240,310	237,175	9.7	9.9	9.5
Indo-Aryan languages	7,095	3,565	3,535	6.1	6.5	5.8	406,375	204,750	201,625	8.3	8.5	8.1
Assamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	310	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.2	6,565	3,480	3,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	310	130	185	0.3	0.2	0.3	14,340	7,060	7,280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	2,970	1,620	1,350	2.6	3.0	2.2	134,950	67,645	67,300	2.7	2.8	2.7
Kacchi	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,925	1,295	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	400	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,555	1,910	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,445	1,270	1,180	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,905	2,430	2,475	4.2	4.4	4.1	315,000	158,625	156,375	6.4	6.6	6.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	350	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,440	1,630	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	390	220	175	0.3	0.4	0.3	25,780	13,590	12,190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,645	855	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,360	725	640	1.2	1.3	1.0	73,745	37,010	36,730	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,875	2,110	1,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	115	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,645	1,545	1,105	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	1,280	670	610	1.1	1.2	1.0	68,960	34,500	34,460	1.4	1.4	1.4
Dari	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,235	4,005	4,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	1,175	620	555	1.0	1.1	0.9	55,745	27,930	27,815	1.1	1.2	1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,780	2,995	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	135	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	135	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,140	3,815	4,325	7.0	7.0	7.1	211,725	100,750	110,975	4.3	4.2	4.4
Catalan	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	565	270	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,005	470	535	0.9	0.9	0.9	36,370	17,200	19,170	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	1,240	570	675	1.1	1.0	1.1	33,005	16,050	16,955	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	290	135	150	0.3	0.2	0.2	11,210	5,470	5,745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	6,270	2,965	3,310	5.4	5.4	5.4	143,900	68,245	75,660	2.9	2.8	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	380	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	2,365	905	1,460	2.0	1.7	2.4	41,835	17,590	24,240	0.9	0.7	1.0
Korean	2,035	850	1,190	1.8	1.6	1.9	69,935	31,335	38,600	1.4	1.3	1.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	250	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1	13,290	6,795	6,495	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	695	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	125	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	205	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	35	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	485	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	280	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	260	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	130	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,205	2,735	2,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	935	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,275	1,215	1,060	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	315	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	235	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,965	3,150	4,815	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,020	2,700	4,320	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	515	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	26,125	11,405	14,725	22.6	20.8	24.1	491,660	225,430	266,230	10.0	9.3	10.7
Chinese languages	26,070	11,375	14,695	22.5	20.8	24.1	488,465	223,825	264,650	9.9	9.3	10.6
Hakka	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,615	1,645	1,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	15,640	6,765	8,875	13.5	12.4	14.5	312,625	140,985	171,640	6.4	5.8	6.9
Min Dong	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	1,515	640	880	1.3	1.2	1.4	24,065	10,615	13,450	0.5	0.4	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	210	70	140	0.2	0.1	0.2	4,760	2,020	2,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	14,415	6,200	8,210	12.5	11.3	13.5	246,045	112,580	133,465	5.0	4.7	5.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2	2,215	1,025	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,375	1,710	1,665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,730	870	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	130	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	375	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	340	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	320	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	150	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	265	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3	6,725	2,635	4,085	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,635	735	900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	230	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,310	1,960	3,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3	10,910	5,605	5,305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	880	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	70	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	9,230	4,805	4,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	135	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	125	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	425	200	225	0.4	0.4	0.4	13,510	6,345	7,165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	310	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,635	1,675	1,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	290	135	155	0.3	0.2	0.3	9,230	4,395	4,840	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,770	54,725	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,790	825	965	1.5	1.5	1.6	290,210	141,210	148,995	5.9	5.8	6.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,735	790	945	1.5	1.4	1.5	279,670	136,400	143,265	5.7	5.6	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,030	480	550	0.9	0.9	0.9	180,085	87,860	92,225	3.7	3.6	3.7
Métis	690	305	385	0.6	0.6	0.6	97,860	47,745	50,120	2.0	2.0	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,720	795	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,980	2,730	3,245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,560	2,075	2,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	113,980	53,900	60,075	98.5	98.5	98.4	4,625,735	2,275,675	2,350,060	94.1	94.2	94.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	115,770	54,725	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	725	365	360	0.6	0.7	0.6	136,875	66,610	70,265	2.8	2.8	2.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,045	54,365	60,680	99.4	99.3	99.4	4,779,065	2,350,275	2,428,790	97.2	97.2	97.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	55,210	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,545	...	...	48.1	...	...	1,363,190	...	...	66.8	...	...
Renter	28,665	...	...	51.9	...	...	669,450	...	...	32.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	9,190	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	55,210	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	22,210	...	...	40.2	...	...	482,755	...	...	23.6	...	...
Not condominium	33,000	...	...	59.8	...	...	1,559,075	...	...	76.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	55,210	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,890	...	...	3.4	...	...	30,855	...	...	1.5	...	...
1 bedroom	19,635	...	...	35.6	...	...	354,020	...	...	17.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,715	...	...	32.1	...	...	569,180	...	...	27.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,880	...	...	12.5	...	...	539,910	...	...	26.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,090	...	...	16.5	...	...	547,870	...	...	26.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	55,210	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	33,570	...	...	60.8	...	...	766,380	...	...	37.5	...	...
5 rooms	7,305	...	...	13.2	...	...	300,895	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,120	...	...	7.5	...	...	248,045	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	2,755	...	...	5.0	...	...	205,105	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,455	...	...	13.5	...	...	521,410	...	...	25.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	55,210	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	53,810	...	...	97.5	...	...	1,984,655	...	...	97.2	...	...
More than one person per room	1,400	...	...	2.5	...	...	57,180	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	55,210	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,445	...	...	93.2	...	...	1,919,140	...	...	94.0	...	...
Not suitable	3,765	...	...	6.8	...	...	122,700	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	55,210	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	12,315	...	...	22.3	...	...	256,175	...	...	12.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,885	...	...	23.3	...	...	550,690	...	...	27.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,255	...	...	15.0	...	...	289,940	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,105	...	...	12.9	...	...	336,315	...	...	16.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,580	...	...	4.7	...	...	122,855	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,130	...	...	5.7	...	...	164,165	...	...	8.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,330	...	...	6.0	...	...	135,725	...	...	6.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,605	...	...	10.2	...	...	185,965	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	55,210	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	51,560	...	...	93.4	...	...	1,922,640	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,645	...	...	6.6	...	...	119,195	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	55,210	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	30,925	...	...	56.0	...	...	1,003,245	...	...	49.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,540	...	...	39.0	...	...	904,960	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,745	...	...	5.0	...	...	133,630	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	55,210	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,285	...	...	4.1	...	...	57,980	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	12,075	...	...	21.9	...	...	282,195	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,810	...	...	17.8	...	...	343,380	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,290	...	...	16.8	...	...	354,340	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,430	...	...	15.3	...	...	407,735	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,660	...	...	13.9	...	...	347,335	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,925	...	...	7.1	...	...	182,155	...	...	8.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,735	...	...	3.1	...	...	66,710	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,895	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,988,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,655	...	...	66.8	...	...	1,481,365	...	...	74.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	18,240	...	...	33.2	...	...	506,850	...	...	25.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,675	...	...	26.7	...	...	434,390	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	55,205	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	23,155	...	...	41.9	...	...	683,985	...	...	33.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	16,055	...	...	29.1	...	...	451,550	...	...	22.1	...	...
Not suitable only	2,530	...	...	4.6	...	...	89,300	...	...	4.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,140	...	...	3.9	...	...	80,200	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	925	...	...	1.7	...	...	23,945	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,190	...	...	2.2	...	...	29,585	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	245	...	...	0.4	...	...	7,640	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.1	...	...	1,770	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	32,055	...	...	58.1	...	...	1,357,845	...	...	66.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,915,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,945	...	...	17.4	...	...	257,090	...	...	13.4	...	...
Not in core need	42,390	...	...	82.6	...	...	1,658,665	...	...	86.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	26,545	...	...	...	...	...	1,330,795	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	48.2	...	...	48.2	...	...	57.5	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.1	...	...	26.1	...	...	19.3	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,480	...	...	1,480	...	...	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,204	...	...	2,204	...	...	1,668	...	...	1,668	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,390,000	...	...	1,390,000	...	...	785,000	...	...	785,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,974,000	...	...	1,974,000	...	...	983,000	...	...	983,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,665	...	...	...	...	...	663,870	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.9	...	...	39.9	...	...	37.8	...	...	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.0	...	...	24.0	...	...	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,620	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,748	...	...	1,748	...	...	1,494	...	...	1,494	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	9,190	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	368	...	...	368	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	446	...	...	446	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	115,775	54,730	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	475	210	265	0.4	0.4	0.4	120,245	59,370	60,880	2.4	2.5	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	465	200	265	0.4	0.4	0.4	118,210	58,475	59,730	2.4	2.4	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	390	175	210	0.3	0.3	0.3	100,805	49,745	51,060	2.1	2.1	2.0
Métis single ancestry	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1	16,830	8,485	8,350	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	245	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,040	890	1,145	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,870	830	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,790	825	975	1.5	1.5	1.6	191,640	92,300	99,335	3.9	3.8	4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,765	810	955	1.5	1.5	1.6	184,975	89,155	95,825	3.8	3.7	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,210	570	645	1.0	1.0	1.1	123,735	59,635	64,100	2.5	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	530	230	300	0.5	0.4	0.5	59,905	28,840	31,070	1.2	1.2	1.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	680	655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,665	3,145	3,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,390	3,035	3,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	60	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	113,505	53,695	59,805	98.0	98.1	98.0	4,604,055	2,265,220	2,338,840	93.7	93.7	93.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	115,770	54,725	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	96,400	45,365	51,045	83.3	82.9	83.6	4,359,045	2,149,325	2,209,725	88.7	88.9	88.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	14,070	7,190	6,875	12.2	13.1	11.3	812,305	418,815	393,495	16.5	17.3	15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,340	38,170	44,170	71.1	69.7	72.4	3,546,745	1,730,505	1,816,235	72.1	71.6	72.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	19,370	9,365	10,000	16.7	17.1	16.4	556,895	267,560	289,330	11.3	11.1	11.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	115,770	54,725	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	62,275	30,495	31,780	53.8	55.7	52.1	3,319,230	1,663,815	1,655,410	67.5	68.8	66.2
Immigrants⁸¹	45,875	20,400	25,475	39.6	37.3	41.7	1,425,710	665,630	760,085	29.0	27.5	30.4
Before 1980	8,425	3,730	4,700	7.3	6.8	7.7	280,160	133,415	146,745	5.7	5.5	5.9
1980 to 1990	6,210	2,615	3,595	5.4	4.8	5.9	164,445	76,815	87,630	3.3	3.2	3.5
1991 to 2000	10,620	4,625	5,995	9.2	8.5	9.8	299,115	137,275	161,840	6.1	5.7	6.5
2001 to 2010	9,215	4,040	5,175	8.0	7.4	8.5	316,915	145,825	171,090	6.4	6.0	6.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	11,405	5,395	6,010	9.9	9.9	9.8	365,075	172,295	192,780	7.4	7.1	7.7
2011 to 2015	4,425	1,935	2,485	3.8	3.5	4.1	167,650	78,200	89,450	3.4	3.2	3.6
2016 to 2021	6,980	3,465	3,525	6.0	6.3	5.8	197,425	94,095	103,325	4.0	3.9	4.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	7,620	3,830	3,790	6.6	7.0	6.2	171,000	87,440	83,560	3.5	3.6	3.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	45,875	20,400	25,475	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,615	1,755	1,865	7.9	8.6	7.3	117,555	59,560	57,995	8.2	8.9	7.6
5 to 14 years	7,450	3,605	3,840	16.2	17.7	15.1	226,910	116,660	110,250	15.9	17.5	14.5
15 to 24 years	8,150	3,570	4,580	17.8	17.5	18.0	275,435	124,860	150,575	19.3	18.8	19.8
25 to 44 years	21,640	9,310	12,330	47.2	45.6	48.4	639,200	288,950	350,255	44.8	43.4	46.1
45 years and over	5,025	2,160	2,860	11.0	10.6	11.2	166,605	75,600	91,010	11.7	11.4	12.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	45,875	20,400	25,475	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,155	1,965	2,190	9.1	9.6	8.6	126,075	58,445	67,635	8.8	8.8	8.9
Brazil	410	200	210	0.9	1.0	0.8	8,765	4,120	4,645	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	190	85	105	0.4	0.4	0.4	5,450	2,440	3,010	0.4	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2	5,770	2,990	2,780	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,400	585	815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	490	285	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.1	4,295	2,190	2,105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	635	300	335	1.4	1.5	1.3	13,385	5,910	7,480	0.9	0.9	1.0
Peru	165	70	90	0.4	0.3	0.4	3,510	1,535	1,975	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,725	1,255	1,470	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,945	975	965	4.2	4.8	3.8	59,920	27,535	32,380	4.2	4.1	4.3
Other places of birth in Americas	540	210	330	1.2	1.0	1.3	20,355	9,600	10,760	1.4	1.4	1.4
Europe	7,830	3,890	3,945	17.1	19.1	15.5	307,495	151,050	156,445	21.6	22.7	20.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	175	70	110	0.4	0.3	0.4	4,510	2,205	2,305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.2	5,390	2,670	2,725	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	410	210	205	0.9	1.0	0.8	7,025	3,650	3,380	0.5	0.5	0.4
Germany	535	240	300	1.2	1.2	1.2	30,910	14,710	16,200	2.2	2.2	2.1
Greece	155	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4	3,350	1,895	1,460	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	150	45	95	0.3	0.2	0.4	5,115	2,395	2,720	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	275	160	120	0.6	0.8	0.5	13,410	6,920	6,490	0.9	1.0	0.9
Netherlands	135	80	55	0.3	0.4	0.2	16,070	7,985	8,085	1.1	1.2	1.1
Poland	350	150	200	0.8	0.7	0.8	14,305	6,610	7,700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portugal	105	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2	7,785	3,765	4,020	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romania	260	115	140	0.6	0.6	0.5	9,370	4,490	4,885	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian Federation	365	145	215	0.8	0.7	0.8	12,170	5,240	6,930	0.9	0.8	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	265	145	120	0.6	0.7	0.5	4,565	2,275	2,285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	310	135	175	0.7	0.7	0.7	9,450	4,390	5,060	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,700	1,450	1,250	5.9	7.1	4.9	116,525	58,485	58,045	8.2	8.8	7.6
Other places of birth in Europe	1,570	805	765	3.4	3.9	3.0	47,545	23,380	24,170	3.3	3.5	3.2
Africa	1,255	650	610	2.7	3.2	2.4	53,330	27,245	26,085	3.7	4.1	3.4
Algeria	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	510	325	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	540	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1	3,310	1,900	1,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,440	1,050	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,590	1,305	1,285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,270	610	655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,585	1,880	1,700	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	625	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	495	275	215	1.1	1.3	0.8	15,380	7,710	7,670	1.1	1.2	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	495	225	270	1.1	1.1	1.1	21,955	10,905	11,050	1.5	1.6	1.5
Asia	31,710	13,425	18,280	69.1	65.8	71.8	905,585	412,460	493,125	63.5	62.0	64.9
Afghanistan	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,245	3,065	3,185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	910	465	445	2.0	2.3	1.7	45,970	23,175	22,795	3.2	3.5	3.0
Iraq	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,000	3,750	3,245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Lebanon	75	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,455	1,390	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	70	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2	6,545	3,420	3,130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Turkey	170	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.4	3,095	1,690	1,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	9,515	4,005	5,510	20.7	19.6	21.6	217,970	94,905	123,065	15.3	14.3	16.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	4,890	1,985	2,905	10.7	9.7	11.4	78,855	36,815	42,035	5.5	5.5	5.5
Korea, South⁹²	1,365	560	805	3.0	2.7	3.2	47,520	21,345	26,180	3.3	3.2	3.4
Taiwan	2,965	1,230	1,735	6.5	6.0	6.8	40,445	18,100	22,340	2.8	2.7	2.9
Philippines	3,835	1,485	2,350	8.4	7.3	9.2	131,645	54,350	77,300	9.2	8.2	10.2
Viet Nam	770	300	475	1.7	1.5	1.9	32,390	14,475	17,915	2.3	2.2	2.4
Bangladesh	130	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,035	1,520	1,520	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	3,415	1,705	1,710	7.4	8.4	6.7	197,115	96,630	100,480	13.8	14.5	13.2
Pakistan	190	105	80	0.4	0.5	0.3	13,345	6,910	6,430	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	270	140	135	0.6	0.7	0.5	5,375	2,595	2,775	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	3,045	1,185	1,865	6.6	5.8	7.3	66,580	28,320	38,260	4.7	4.3	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	925	470	450	2.0	2.3	1.8	33,225	16,430	16,800	2.3	2.5	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,980	3,460	3,525	100.0	100.0	100.0	197,420	94,095	103,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,145	585	555	16.4	16.9	15.7	22,835	10,990	11,850	11.6	11.7	11.5
Brazil	280	135	145	4.0	3.9	4.1	5,130	2,430	2,695	2.6	2.6	2.6
Colombia	70	35	30	1.0	1.0	0.9	1,075	495	580	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	515	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	230	120	120	3.3	3.5	3.4	3,045	1,450	1,595	1.5	1.5	1.5
United States of America	415	235	185	5.9	6.8	5.2	8,760	4,325	4,430	4.4	4.6	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.7	530	205	330	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	105	55	55	1.5	1.6	1.6	3,265	1,545	1,720	1.7	1.6	1.7
Europe	1,595	900	690	22.9	26.0	19.6	25,290	13,375	11,920	12.8	14.2	11.5
France	145	75	80	2.1	2.2	2.3	1,730	935	795	0.9	1.0	0.8
Germany	85	35	50	1.2	1.0	1.4	1,380	680	705	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	305	210	95	4.4	6.1	2.7	2,420	1,485	935	1.2	1.6	0.9
Italy	60	35	30	0.9	1.0	0.9	995	555	445	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	120	40	70	1.7	1.2	2.0	2,075	835	1,235	1.1	0.9	1.2
Ukraine	50	40	20	0.7	1.2	0.6	1,935	885	1,045	1.0	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	455	265	190	6.5	7.7	5.4	7,675	4,510	3,165	3.9	4.8	3.1
Other places of birth in Europe	370	210	160	5.3	6.1	4.5	7,090	3,490	3,605	3.6	3.7	3.5
Africa	135	80	55	1.9	2.3	1.6	10,465	5,545	4,915	5.3	5.9	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	35	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	205	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	20	0	0.3	0.6	0.0	610	350	255	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	935	585	0.8	1.0	0.6
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	340	275	0.3	0.4	0.3
Morocco	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3	275	115	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,770	925	845	0.9	1.0	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	60	35	30	0.9	1.0	0.9	1,965	945	1,015	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	25	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3	2,420	1,245	1,180	1.2	1.3	1.1
Asia	3,830	1,715	2,120	54.9	49.6	60.1	134,395	61,590	72,805	68.1	65.5	70.5
Afghanistan	25	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,325	700	625	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bangladesh	25	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.6	655	340	315	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	1,145	505	650	16.4	14.6	18.4	31,450	13,060	18,390	15.9	13.9	17.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	175	45	130	2.5	1.3	3.7	2,515	1,125	1,390	1.3	1.2	1.3
India	730	435	290	10.5	12.6	8.2	39,390	20,140	19,245	20.0	21.4	18.6
Iran⁸⁸	115	55	65	1.6	1.6	1.8	5,850	2,865	2,980	3.0	3.0	2.9
Iraq	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	1,545	840	705	0.8	0.9	0.7
Israel	65	30	40	0.9	0.9	1.1	605	365	240	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japan	120	30	90	1.7	0.9	2.6	2,090	500	1,590	1.1	0.5	1.5
Jordan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0	395	200	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	155	50	100	2.2	1.4	2.8	7,220	2,935	4,280	3.7	3.1	4.1
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0	395	175	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	195	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	20	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3	2,390	1,300	1,090	1.2	1.4	1.1
Philippines	660	265	395	9.5	7.7	11.2	21,220	9,170	12,055	10.7	9.7	11.7
Saudi Arabia	50	30	25	0.7	0.9	0.7	565	340	230	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sri Lanka	40	15	20	0.6	0.4	0.6	710	330	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20	0.6	0.6	0.6	4,955	2,635	2,320	2.5	2.8	2.2
Turkey	60	30	35	0.9	0.9	1.0	1,025	615	410	0.5	0.7	0.4
United Arab Emirates	25	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4	620	305	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	50	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.7	2,845	995	1,850	1.4	1.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	265	105	160	3.8	3.0	4.5	6,215	2,450	3,770	3.1	2.6	3.6
Oceania and other⁹³	285	180	100	4.1	5.2	2.8	4,440	2,600	1,840	2.2	2.8	1.8
Australia	225	145	80	3.2	4.2	2.3	3,280	1,965	1,315	1.7	2.1	1.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	60	40	20	0.9	1.2	0.6	1,160	630	530	0.6	0.7	0.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	115,770	54,730	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	55,675	25,235	30,435	48.1	46.1	49.9	1,657,625	783,205	874,415	33.7	32.4	35.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	29,195	14,570	14,630	25.2	26.6	24.0	1,068,600	536,615	531,985	21.7	22.2	21.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	30,905	14,920	15,980	26.7	27.3	26.2	2,189,720	1,097,065	1,092,655	44.5	45.4	43.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	37,450	16,670	20,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25,540	11,785	13,755	68.2	70.7	66.2	661,395	320,875	340,525	57.7	60.3	55.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,685	5,825	4,860	28.5	34.9	23.4	273,695	157,230	116,470	23.9	29.5	19.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	14,860	5,960	8,900	39.7	35.8	42.8	387,700	163,640	224,055	33.8	30.7	36.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,630	3,820	5,810	25.7	22.9	28.0	372,185	152,795	219,390	32.5	28.7	35.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,655	830	825	4.4	5.0	4.0	97,720	52,250	45,470	8.5	9.8	7.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	630	245	385	1.7	1.5	1.9	14,250	6,295	7,960	1.2	1.2	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	37,450	16,670	20,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	680	380	300	1.8	2.3	1.4	27,320	15,640	11,685	2.4	2.9	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,455	2,380	3,070	14.6	14.3	14.8	138,760	59,130	79,630	12.1	11.1	13.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,860	870	990	5.0	5.2	4.8	40,690	20,075	20,615	3.6	3.8	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,965	1,350	1,615	7.9	8.1	7.8	71,860	33,525	38,335	6.3	6.3	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	145	45	100	0.4	0.3	0.5	5,145	2,030	3,110	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	26,340	11,645	14,695	70.3	69.9	70.7	861,775	401,815	459,965	75.2	75.5	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	115,775	54,730	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	59,420	27,115	32,305	51.3	49.5	52.9	1,689,490	810,165	879,325	34.4	33.5	35.2
South Asian	9,580	4,915	4,665	8.3	9.0	7.6	473,965	240,475	233,495	9.6	9.9	9.3
Chinese	30,435	13,530	16,905	26.3	24.7	27.7	550,590	257,590	293,000	11.2	10.7	11.7
Black	1,095	565	540	0.9	1.0	0.9	61,760	31,965	29,790	1.3	1.3	1.2
Filipino	4,850	2,000	2,855	4.2	3.7	4.7	174,280	76,070	98,210	3.5	3.1	3.9
Arab	510	320	190	0.4	0.6	0.3	28,010	15,015	12,995	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	2,620	1,245	1,375	2.3	2.3	2.3	65,970	31,960	34,015	1.3	1.3	1.4
Southeast Asian	1,965	850	1,110	1.7	1.6	1.8	71,785	33,340	38,445	1.5	1.4	1.5
West Asian	1,345	720	625	1.2	1.3	1.0	69,270	34,800	34,470	1.4	1.4	1.4
Korean	2,125	935	1,190	1.8	1.7	1.9	72,815	33,390	39,425	1.5	1.4	1.6
Japanese	2,120	770	1,350	1.8	1.4	2.2	44,120	18,335	25,790	0.9	0.8	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	505	200	305	0.4	0.4	0.5	18,080	8,935	9,145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	2,265	1,070	1,195	2.0	2.0	2.0	58,840	28,295	30,540	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	56,350	27,615	28,740	48.7	50.5	47.1	3,226,450	1,606,725	1,619,730	65.6	66.5	64.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	115,775	54,725	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,890	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,880	2,960	2,920	5.1	5.4	4.8	459,320	236,305	223,015	9.3	9.8	8.9
English	17,250	8,695	8,555	14.9	15.9	14.0	1,019,250	499,340	519,910	20.7	20.7	20.8
Irish	12,815	6,075	6,745	11.1	11.1	11.1	627,920	297,705	330,215	12.8	12.3	13.2
Scottish	13,640	6,415	7,220	11.8	11.7	11.8	774,455	376,280	398,170	15.8	15.6	15.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,530	2,580	2,950	4.8	4.7	4.8	312,750	150,460	162,290	6.4	6.2	6.5
German	8,815	4,280	4,535	7.6	7.8	7.4	539,145	263,480	275,665	11.0	10.9	11.0
Chinese	27,730	12,380	15,345	24.0	22.6	25.1	517,805	242,015	275,785	10.5	10.0	11.0
Italian	3,365	1,625	1,740	2.9	3.0	2.9	162,485	81,275	81,205	3.3	3.4	3.2
Indian (India)	6,055	3,060	2,995	5.2	5.6	4.9	275,975	138,885	137,090	5.6	5.7	5.5
Ukrainian	3,785	1,745	2,035	3.3	3.2	3.3	210,100	102,030	108,065	4.3	4.2	4.3
Dutch	2,590	1,160	1,430	2.2	2.1	2.3	189,985	94,390	95,600	3.9	3.9	3.8
Polish	3,065	1,390	1,675	2.6	2.5	2.7	134,635	63,780	70,850	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,240	3,120	3,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,445	2,200	2,235	3.8	4.0	3.7	191,025	94,050	96,980	3.9	3.9	3.9
Filipino	5,075	2,095	2,980	4.4	3.8	4.9	172,915	75,990	96,930	3.5	3.1	3.9
French Canadian	875	430	445	0.8	0.8	0.7	39,930	19,400	20,535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,990	960	1,030	1.7	1.8	1.7	82,175	42,475	39,700	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	865	390	475	0.7	0.7	0.8	105,005	51,270	53,735	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis	645	270	370	0.6	0.5	0.6	85,205	41,265	43,930	1.7	1.7	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,470	1,205	1,265	2.1	2.2	2.1	102,475	51,755	50,715	2.1	2.1	2.0
Russian	2,835	1,285	1,550	2.4	2.3	2.5	121,755	58,460	63,295	2.5	2.4	2.5
Norwegian	1,950	955	990	1.7	1.7	1.6	137,170	65,790	71,385	2.8	2.7	2.9
Welsh	2,015	945	1,075	1.7	1.7	1.8	104,225	49,190	55,035	2.1	2.0	2.2
Portuguese	960	440	520	0.8	0.8	0.9	39,755	19,465	20,290	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	1,645	820	830	1.4	1.5	1.4	71,530	34,865	36,660	1.5	1.4	1.5
Spanish	2,040	950	1,090	1.8	1.7	1.8	54,365	25,030	29,335	1.1	1.0	1.2
Swedish	1,790	865	925	1.5	1.6	1.5	103,630	48,520	55,115	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hungarian	1,115	565	550	1.0	1.0	0.9	51,915	25,060	26,855	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,025	3,455	3,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	290	175	120	0.3	0.3	0.2	19,050	9,780	9,275	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	340	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3	18,520	9,370	9,150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	3,100	1,545	1,550	2.7	2.8	2.5	34,395	17,265	17,135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	1,450	785	660	1.3	1.4	1.1	93,395	47,650	45,740	1.9	2.0	1.8
Vietnamese	1,245	535	710	1.1	1.0	1.2	51,890	24,430	27,455	1.1	1.0	1.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	250	180	75	0.2	0.3	0.1	12,590	6,755	5,840	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	965	495	475	0.8	0.9	0.8	23,300	11,910	11,390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2	9,865	5,140	4,725	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,070	950	1,125	1.8	1.7	1.8	47,650	22,170	25,480	1.0	0.9	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	24,875	11,715	13,160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	2,200	965	1,240	1.9	1.8	2.0	72,025	33,110	38,915	1.5	1.4	1.6
Romanian	685	335	350	0.6	0.6	0.6	30,195	14,590	15,605	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	395	215	180	0.3	0.4	0.3	8,440	4,310	4,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	1,130	605	525	1.0	1.1	0.9	49,390	24,720	24,675	1.0	1.0	1.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3	13,865	6,995	6,870	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,115	635	480	1.0	1.2	0.8	54,865	26,740	28,130	1.1	1.1	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	24,140	11,670	12,470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	840	395	445	0.7	0.7	0.7	69,100	35,355	33,750	1.4	1.5	1.4
Austrian	975	415	565	0.8	0.8	0.9	45,280	21,810	23,465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgian	460	200	260	0.4	0.4	0.4	19,505	9,395	10,110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	640	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	625	350	275	0.5	0.6	0.5	19,405	10,140	9,265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	1,265	620	645	1.1	1.1	1.1	28,445	14,140	14,305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	300	130	165	0.3	0.2	0.3	20,925	10,530	10,395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	460	240	215	0.4	0.4	0.4	28,520	13,995	14,525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	565	250	315	0.5	0.5	0.5	33,680	16,290	17,390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,440	3,210	3,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	520	245	280	0.4	0.4	0.5	23,750	11,645	12,100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	2,585	960	1,625	2.2	1.8	2.7	54,640	23,430	31,215	1.1	1.0	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	555	295	260	0.5	0.5	0.4	20,125	9,935	10,190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,840	2,340	2,500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	550	270	280	0.5	0.5	0.5	30,950	14,970	15,980	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	115	85	30	0.1	0.2	0.0	8,220	4,150	4,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	145	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1	5,810	3,125	2,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	360	135	225	0.3	0.2	0.4	11,730	5,675	6,055	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	235	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,380	1,835	1,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	495	220	270	0.4	0.4	0.4	25,910	12,770	13,135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.2	7,315	3,555	3,760	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,020	980	1,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	495	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4	22,425	10,920	11,505	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,550	3,350	3,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,420	1,240	1,180	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	9,605	4,725	4,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,515	2,250	2,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	525	275	250	0.5	0.5	0.4	12,660	6,575	6,080	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,145	2,565	2,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	4,530	2,415	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	1,510	645	865	1.3	1.2	1.4	30,020	14,470	15,550	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ontarian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,315	1,570	1,750	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	295	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	19,155	9,840	9,315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,120	2,075	2,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3	8,070	4,185	3,895	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,120	1,005	1,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	150	85	60	0.1	0.2	0.1	3,740	1,930	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	915	545	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	605	260	345	0.5	0.5	0.6	12,435	6,005	6,430	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,110	2,075	2,040	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,040	2,075	1,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,565	5,520	6,045	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	465	195	270	0.4	0.4	0.4	11,810	5,340	6,470	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,665	1,460	1,205	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	2,970	1,290	1,675	2.6	2.4	2.7	37,530	17,430	20,100	0.8	0.7	0.8
Iraqi	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,590	2,350	2,240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,580	3,285	3,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,640	805	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	305	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	10,735	5,070	5,670	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,140	2,630	2,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	40	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,715	1,245	1,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	965	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,855	835	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	355	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,330	3,450	3,885	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	375	210	165	0.3	0.4	0.3	13,965	6,930	7,035	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	600	295	295	0.5	0.5	0.5	18,505	9,575	8,925	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,750	1,470	1,280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,220	3,100	3,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	780	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	885	1,125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,720	1,275	1,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	120	25	100	0.1	0.0	0.2	5,295	2,430	2,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,260	1,975	2,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	720	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	3,350	1,545	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	370	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	2,455	1,180	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,750	1,340	1,420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,235	605	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,340	2,485	2,855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	260	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,865	3,860	4,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	430	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,670	1,335	1,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,245	1,230	1,015	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,535	790	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,645	1,850	1,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,355	1,205	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,545	2,955	3,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,720	1,785	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,430	1,690	1,735	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,670	905	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	985	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	140	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,500	2,320	2,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	5,580	2,605	2,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	285	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	175	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,285	2,660	2,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,770	895	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,785	1,910	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,835	810	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	70	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	195	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	4,860	2,450	2,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,370	745	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	220	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,415	1,320	1,095	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3	8,440	3,890	4,550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,160	1,320	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,765	2,115	2,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,550	2,245	2,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,445	2,660	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	220	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2	20,450	10,360	10,085	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,135	545	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	155	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,625	1,260	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,695	2,200	2,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,375	1,830	1,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	240	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.2	16,120	7,710	8,410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,370	4,345	4,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,695	1,480	1,210	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	445	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	280	105	170	0.2	0.2	0.3	5,745	2,120	3,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	415	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,305	1,130	1,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	415	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	445	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,610	1,250	1,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	505	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	1,025	990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	135	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	655	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	640	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,840	3,965	3,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	460	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	185	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	660	995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	255	105	150	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,420	2,535	2,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	360	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	450	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,890	1,400	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,950	1,390	1,565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	505	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,830	830	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	445	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	430	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	180	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	660	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,890	880	1,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	565	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,215	1,050	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	465	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	855	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	160	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	320	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	520	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	420	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	605	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	960	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	760	740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,920	1,345	1,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	95	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	200	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	30	35	0.0	0.1	0.1	1,540	705	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	485	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	740	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	495	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	465	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,625	1,255	1,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	750	365	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	355	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	615	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,225	1,120	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,955	890	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	510	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	320	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	470	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	390	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,165	620	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	515	290	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	260	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	590	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	110	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	340	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,205	600	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,075	485	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	260	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,630	1,165	1,460	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	520	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	335	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	570	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	115,775	54,725	61,040	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	3,685	1,445	2,240	3.2	2.6	3.7	83,860	35,040	48,825	1.7	1.4	2.0
Christian	33,950	14,815	19,135	29.3	27.1	31.3	1,684,870	766,705	918,165	34.3	31.7	36.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,270	3,660	4,610	7.1	6.7	7.6	434,920	203,070	231,850	8.8	8.4	9.3
Anabaptist	290	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.2	21,275	10,210	11,065	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	2,680	1,085	1,595	2.3	2.0	2.6	137,485	59,595	77,885	2.8	2.5	3.1
Baptist	870	365	500	0.8	0.7	0.8	57,265	25,770	31,495	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	14,770	6,585	8,180	12.8	12.0	13.4	588,140	272,340	315,805	12.0	11.3	12.6
Christian Orthodox	1,485	685	800	1.3	1.3	1.3	45,135	21,835	23,300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	375	150	220	0.3	0.3	0.4	25,715	11,245	14,470	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1	12,875	5,795	7,075	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	640	290	355	0.6	0.5	0.6	46,395	20,205	26,185	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	7,290	3,295	3,995	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	310	140	170	0.3	0.3	0.3	41,140	18,550	22,585	0.8	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	535	190	345	0.5	0.3	0.6	28,040	12,260	15,780	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	75	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	12,455	6,050	6,400	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	2,010	770	1,240	1.7	1.4	2.0	129,000	51,815	77,185	2.6	2.1	3.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,535	675	865	1.3	1.2	1.4	97,745	44,660	53,085	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hindu	2,590	1,380	1,210	2.2	2.5	2.0	81,320	42,070	39,245	1.7	1.7	1.6
Jewish	3,570	1,595	1,975	3.1	2.9	3.2	26,850	12,980	13,870	0.5	0.5	0.6
Muslim	2,320	1,220	1,100	2.0	2.2	1.8	125,915	63,375	62,535	2.6	2.6	2.5
Sikh	4,230	2,060	2,175	3.7	3.8	3.6	290,870	145,740	145,130	5.9	6.0	5.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,570	5,495	6,075	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,410	550	860	1.2	1.0	1.4	51,440	20,890	30,555	1.0	0.9	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	63,965	31,650	32,320	55.2	57.8	52.9	2,559,250	1,324,585	1,234,660	52.1	54.8	49.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	114,845	54,285	60,560	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,875,955	2,396,280	2,479,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,615	44,205	49,410	81.5	81.4	81.6	4,169,710	2,050,165	2,119,540	85.5	85.6	85.5
Movers	21,230	10,080	11,150	18.5	18.6	18.4	706,245	346,115	360,130	14.5	14.4	14.5
Non-migrants	14,550	6,870	7,680	12.7	12.7	12.7	395,215	193,080	202,135	8.1	8.1	8.2
Migrants	6,680	3,210	3,470	5.8	5.9	5.7	311,030	153,035	157,990	6.4	6.4	6.4
Internal migrants	4,075	1,910	2,165	3.5	3.5	3.6	251,245	123,785	127,455	5.2	5.2	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,250	1,070	1,180	2.0	2.0	1.9	187,990	92,090	95,900	3.9	3.8	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,820	840	985	1.6	1.5	1.6	63,250	31,695	31,555	1.3	1.3	1.3
External migrants	2,610	1,305	1,305	2.3	2.4	2.2	59,785	29,250	30,535	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	111,460	52,590	58,875	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,699,740	2,305,755	2,393,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,930	27,570	31,365	52.9	52.4	53.3	2,639,500	1,292,175	1,347,330	56.2	56.0	56.3
Movers	52,525	25,020	27,510	47.1	47.6	46.7	2,060,245	1,013,590	1,046,655	43.8	44.0	43.7
Non-migrants	25,205	12,040	13,170	22.6	22.9	22.4	757,040	372,900	384,135	16.1	16.2	16.0
Migrants	27,320	12,980	14,340	24.5	24.7	24.4	1,303,200	640,680	662,520	27.7	27.8	27.7
Internal migrants	15,615	7,270	8,345	14.0	13.8	14.2	1,016,025	498,920	517,105	21.6	21.6	21.6
Intraprovincial migrants	10,015	4,635	5,375	9.0	8.8	9.1	799,455	390,525	408,935	17.0	16.9	17.1
Interprovincial migrants	5,605	2,635	2,970	5.0	5.0	5.0	216,565	108,395	108,170	4.6	4.7	4.5
External migrants	11,700	5,705	5,995	10.5	10.8	10.2	287,175	141,765	145,415	6.1	6.1	6.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,000	48,155	54,840	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,045	3,835	4,210	7.8	8.0	7.7	643,330	341,470	301,860	15.3	16.7	14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	94,955	44,320	50,635	92.2	92.0	92.3	3,557,095	1,706,925	1,850,170	84.7	83.3	86.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,850	33,720	37,130	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,860	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,410	1,315	1,100	3.4	3.9	3.0	259,010	148,785	110,220	9.6	11.3	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,440	32,410	36,030	96.6	96.1	97.0	2,432,850	1,164,475	1,268,375	90.4	88.7	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,000	48,155	54,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,385	3,490	3,890	7.2	7.2	7.1	565,665	292,000	273,665	13.5	14.3	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,325	10,625	10,695	20.7	22.1	19.5	1,238,000	610,685	627,320	29.5	29.8	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	74,300	34,040	40,255	72.1	70.7	73.4	2,396,755	1,145,715	1,251,040	57.1	55.9	58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,525	9,445	11,080	19.9	19.6	20.2	1,197,050	598,425	598,620	28.5	29.2	27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,690	2,410	1,280	3.6	5.0	2.3	323,635	243,815	79,815	7.7	11.9	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,935	1,050	880	1.9	2.2	1.6	133,020	78,330	54,685	3.2	3.8	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,755	1,355	395	1.7	2.8	0.7	190,615	165,490	25,130	4.5	8.1	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,970	5,470	7,505	12.6	11.4	13.7	711,810	289,555	422,255	16.9	14.1	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,860	1,565	2,295	3.7	3.2	4.2	161,600	65,055	96,545	3.8	3.2	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	53,770	24,600	29,175	52.2	51.1	53.2	1,199,710	547,285	652,420	28.6	26.7	30.3
Bachelor's degree	33,095	14,990	18,100	32.1	31.1	33.0	775,145	347,145	427,995	18.5	16.9	19.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,300	1,465	1,830	3.2	3.0	3.3	84,000	34,915	49,085	2.0	1.7	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,265	1,260	1,005	2.2	2.6	1.8	32,985	18,045	14,945	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	12,770	5,625	7,140	12.4	11.7	13.0	264,145	121,485	142,660	6.3	5.9	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,345	1,250	1,095	2.3	2.6	2.0	43,440	25,700	17,740	1.0	1.3	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	70,850	33,725	37,130	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,860	1,313,260	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,015	1,095	920	2.8	3.2	2.5	216,660	122,720	93,935	8.0	9.3	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,900	5,990	4,910	15.4	17.8	13.2	694,785	358,700	336,090	25.8	27.3	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,935	26,630	31,295	81.8	79.0	84.3	1,780,415	831,840	948,575	66.1	63.3	68.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,930	7,220	7,710	21.1	21.4	20.8	838,680	416,930	421,745	31.2	31.7	30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,680	1,845	835	3.8	5.5	2.2	217,350	164,860	52,495	8.1	12.6	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,430	850	580	2.0	2.5	1.6	88,765	52,645	36,115	3.3	4.0	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,250	995	255	1.8	3.0	0.7	128,590	112,210	16,375	4.8	8.5	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,415	4,170	5,250	13.3	12.4	14.1	507,405	206,015	301,390	18.8	15.7	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,835	1,210	1,630	4.0	3.6	4.4	113,915	46,055	67,865	4.2	3.5	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,005	19,415	23,590	60.7	57.6	63.5	941,735	414,910	526,830	35.0	31.6	38.2
Bachelor's degree	26,475	11,995	14,480	37.4	35.6	39.0	610,735	267,470	343,270	22.7	20.4	24.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,520	1,090	1,425	3.6	3.2	3.8	63,310	25,280	38,030	2.4	1.9	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,640	815	825	2.3	2.4	2.2	24,675	11,985	12,690	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	10,630	4,645	5,980	15.0	13.8	16.1	212,745	93,655	119,090	7.9	7.1	8.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,735	865	875	2.4	2.6	2.4	30,275	16,520	13,755	1.1	1.3	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	103,000	48,155	54,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,700	14,115	14,590	27.9	29.3	26.6	1,803,665	902,685	900,990	42.9	44.1	41.9
Education	3,825	875	2,955	3.7	1.8	5.4	158,060	37,395	120,670	3.8	1.8	5.6
13. Education	3,825	875	2,955	3.7	1.8	5.4	158,060	37,395	120,670	3.8	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	5,870	2,395	3,470	5.7	5.0	6.3	109,100	46,770	62,330	2.6	2.3	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	585	385	200	0.6	0.8	0.4	13,390	9,570	3,815	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	5,285	2,010	3,275	5.1	4.2	6.0	95,715	37,200	58,510	2.3	1.8	2.7
Humanities	5,360	1,985	3,370	5.2	4.1	6.1	143,340	55,460	87,875	3.4	2.7	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	685	125	555	0.7	0.3	1.0	16,850	3,705	13,145	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	1,565	485	1,080	1.5	1.0	2.0	35,465	10,360	25,105	0.8	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,435	570	870	1.4	1.2	1.6	48,620	19,020	29,605	1.2	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2	2,860	1,075	1,780	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	300	165	130	0.3	0.3	0.2	7,705	4,630	3,075	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	265	115	150	0.3	0.2	0.3	12,220	7,385	4,835	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	795	430	360	0.8	0.9	0.7	16,035	8,595	7,450	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	175	45	135	0.2	0.1	0.2	3,580	695	2,880	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,980	4,995	7,985	12.6	10.4	14.6	288,970	102,380	186,590	6.9	5.0	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	300	85	220	0.3	0.2	0.4	5,140	1,360	3,780	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,770	605	1,170	1.7	1.3	2.1	31,375	11,580	19,795	0.7	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	760	85	670	0.7	0.2	1.2	39,140	3,530	35,610	0.9	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	2,185	1,045	1,145	2.1	2.2	2.1	44,255	15,575	28,680	1.1	0.8	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	310	110	200	0.3	0.2	0.4	6,625	2,525	4,105	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	2,490	625	1,865	2.4	1.3	3.4	52,080	13,955	38,125	1.2	0.7	1.8
45. Social sciences	5,165	2,440	2,725	5.0	5.1	5.0	110,350	53,860	56,495	2.6	2.6	2.6
Business, management and public administration	15,485	7,090	8,395	15.0	14.7	15.3	493,290	201,060	292,230	11.7	9.8	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	220	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	820	155	670	0.8	0.3	1.2	30,855	6,685	24,175	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,655	6,925	7,725	14.2	14.4	14.1	461,790	194,160	267,625	11.0	9.5	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,760	2,360	2,400	4.6	4.9	4.4	106,515	54,495	52,015	2.5	2.7	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,265	945	1,325	2.2	2.0	2.4	44,910	19,580	25,330	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,050	505	545	1.0	1.0	1.0	25,655	12,030	13,620	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,880	665	1,220	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,290	870	420	1.3	1.8	0.8	30,600	21,085	9,515	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1	3,470	1,140	2,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,945	2,585	1,360	3.8	5.4	2.5	105,555	69,245	36,310	2.5	3.4	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,845	2,030	815	2.8	4.2	1.5	83,795	58,985	24,810	2.0	2.9	1.2
25. Library science	295	55	240	0.3	0.1	0.4	6,145	865	5,280	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	600	370	225	0.6	0.8	0.4	13,030	7,715	5,320	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	210	125	85	0.2	0.3	0.2	2,580	1,680	900	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,160	7,315	1,845	8.9	15.2	3.4	458,590	409,460	49,135	10.9	20.0	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	1,260	700	560	1.2	1.5	1.0	19,025	11,490	7,535	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	4,495	3,525	975	4.4	7.3	1.8	119,995	96,730	23,260	2.9	4.7	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,365	1,140	230	1.3	2.4	0.4	83,585	73,495	10,085	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	980	940	45	1.0	2.0	0.1	104,445	101,120	3,325	2.5	4.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	710	705	10	0.7	1.5	0.0	86,325	83,625	2,700	2.1	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	345	310	35	0.3	0.6	0.1	45,110	42,955	2,150	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,140	580	565	1.1	1.2	1.0	60,510	33,885	26,625	1.4	1.7	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	575	285	290	0.6	0.6	0.5	31,920	15,075	16,845	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	565	290	275	0.5	0.6	0.5	28,595	18,815	9,775	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	9,940	2,995	6,945	9.7	6.2	12.7	350,930	73,605	277,325	8.4	3.6	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	810	440	370	0.8	0.9	0.7	27,000	13,530	13,470	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,145	2,030	6,115	7.9	4.2	11.1	312,980	53,940	259,035	7.5	2.6	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	50	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	725	175	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	935	495	435	0.9	1.0	0.8	10,230	5,960	4,270	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,800	850	950	1.7	1.8	1.7	121,210	61,715	59,495	2.9	3.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,320	480	835	1.3	1.0	1.5	76,425	24,575	51,850	1.8	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	435	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	930	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	165	105	60	0.2	0.2	0.1	15,820	11,280	4,540	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	265	40	0.3	0.6	0.1	27,425	24,490	2,935	0.7	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	235	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	70,850	33,720	37,130	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,920	7,090	5,835	18.2	21.0	15.7	911,450	481,425	430,025	33.9	36.7	31.2
Education	2,400	590	1,810	3.4	1.7	4.9	99,640	21,315	78,320	3.7	1.6	5.7
13. Education	2,400	590	1,810	3.4	1.7	4.9	99,640	21,315	78,320	3.7	1.6	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,835	2,060	2,775	6.8	6.1	7.5	85,350	36,335	49,005	3.2	2.8	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	545	365	175	0.8	1.1	0.5	9,815	6,950	2,860	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	4,295	1,695	2,600	6.1	5.0	7.0	75,530	29,385	46,145	2.8	2.2	3.3
Humanities	4,005	1,480	2,525	5.7	4.4	6.8	103,360	38,515	64,845	3.8	2.9	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	560	85	480	0.8	0.3	1.3	12,735	2,545	10,190	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	1,125	345	780	1.6	1.0	2.1	25,770	7,190	18,580	1.0	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,085	430	650	1.5	1.3	1.8	35,310	13,320	21,990	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,895	745	1,150	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	225	120	110	0.3	0.4	0.3	5,780	3,440	2,335	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	85	120	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,845	4,740	3,105	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	580	345	235	0.8	1.0	0.6	11,615	6,050	5,565	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	125	35	90	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,410	480	1,930	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,445	3,920	6,530	14.7	11.6	17.6	226,805	76,655	150,150	8.4	5.8	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	255	75	185	0.4	0.2	0.5	4,220	1,075	3,145	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,555	535	1,020	2.2	1.6	2.7	26,730	9,590	17,150	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	595	60	535	0.8	0.2	1.4	29,960	2,705	27,260	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,735	750	980	2.4	2.2	2.6	34,935	10,780	24,150	1.3	0.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	245	85	160	0.3	0.3	0.4	5,150	1,960	3,185	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,910	485	1,425	2.7	1.4	3.8	39,250	9,600	29,645	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	4,150	1,920	2,230	5.9	5.7	6.0	86,555	40,945	45,615	3.2	3.1	3.3
Business, management and public administration	12,295	5,600	6,695	17.4	16.6	18.0	379,485	152,040	227,445	14.1	11.6	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	140	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	495	100	395	0.7	0.3	1.1	22,625	4,535	18,095	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,795	5,495	6,300	16.6	16.3	17.0	356,415	147,365	209,055	13.2	11.2	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,650	1,780	1,870	5.2	5.3	5.0	77,340	37,350	39,990	2.9	2.8	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,760	730	1,035	2.5	2.2	2.8	33,945	14,030	19,915	1.3	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	815	385	425	1.2	1.1	1.1	18,520	8,355	10,165	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,545	520	1,030	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	970	635	335	1.4	1.9	0.9	21,390	13,835	7,555	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,935	610	1,330	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,240	2,165	1,075	4.6	6.4	2.9	87,185	58,400	28,785	3.2	4.4	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,460	1,775	680	3.5	5.3	1.8	72,700	51,710	20,995	2.7	3.9	1.5
25. Library science	185	40	150	0.3	0.1	0.4	3,600	540	3,060	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	415	235	175	0.6	0.7	0.5	8,865	4,890	3,975	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	180	110	70	0.3	0.3	0.2	2,010	1,265	755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,275	5,680	1,595	10.3	16.8	4.3	327,735	286,655	41,080	12.2	21.8	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	1,015	525	490	1.4	1.6	1.3	14,690	8,220	6,480	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	3,655	2,785	870	5.2	8.3	2.3	93,760	73,350	20,400	3.5	5.6	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,030	860	175	1.5	2.6	0.5	57,590	49,650	7,940	2.1	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	805	780	20	1.1	2.3	0.1	74,045	71,450	2,595	2.8	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	530	520	10	0.7	1.5	0.0	57,950	55,995	1,950	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	240	210	35	0.3	0.6	0.1	29,605	27,965	1,640	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	895	415	480	1.3	1.2	1.3	45,705	23,930	21,775	1.7	1.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	435	190	240	0.6	0.6	0.6	23,700	10,410	13,290	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	460	225	235	0.6	0.7	0.6	22,005	13,520	8,485	0.8	1.0	0.6
Health and related fields	7,495	2,230	5,265	10.6	6.6	14.2	258,665	55,710	202,960	9.6	4.2	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	695	375	315	1.0	1.1	0.8	20,980	10,585	10,395	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,100	1,525	4,575	8.6	4.5	12.3	229,855	41,240	188,620	8.5	3.1	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	90	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	680	325	355	1.0	1.0	1.0	7,245	3,790	3,455	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,370	695	675	1.9	2.1	1.8	88,615	44,750	43,865	3.3	3.4	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	970	380	590	1.4	1.1	1.6	56,165	18,390	37,775	2.1	1.4	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	240	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	410	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	135	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.1	12,270	8,530	3,740	0.5	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	255	225	30	0.4	0.7	0.1	19,425	17,180	2,240	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	180	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	70,850	33,720	37,130	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,920	7,090	5,835	18.2	21.0	15.7	911,450	481,425	430,025	33.9	36.7	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	57,930	26,635	31,300	81.8	79.0	84.3	1,780,415	831,835	948,580	66.1	63.3	68.8
Location of study inside Canada	39,925	18,670	21,255	56.4	55.4	57.2	1,316,405	622,255	694,150	48.9	47.4	50.4
Same as province or territory of residence	29,670	13,665	16,005	41.9	40.5	43.1	1,029,000	480,420	548,580	38.2	36.6	39.8
Different than province or territory of residence	10,260	5,005	5,250	14.5	14.8	14.1	287,405	141,835	145,570	10.7	10.8	10.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,005	7,965	10,035	25.4	23.6	27.0	464,010	209,580	254,430	17.2	16.0	18.5
Americas	4,175	1,940	2,240	5.9	5.8	6.0	84,155	40,735	43,420	3.1	3.1	3.1
United States of America	2,790	1,305	1,485	3.9	3.9	4.0	57,255	28,610	28,650	2.1	2.2	2.1
Mexico	570	240	330	0.8	0.7	0.9	8,850	3,950	4,895	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	290	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	455	225	230	0.6	0.7	0.6	8,395	3,865	4,530	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,315	1,005	1,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	945	345	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	345	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	165	85	80	0.2	0.3	0.2	4,590	2,160	2,430	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	4,935	2,480	2,455	7.0	7.4	6.6	92,195	46,985	45,210	3.4	3.6	3.3
Belgium	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	755	430	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	385	180	205	0.5	0.5	0.6	5,075	2,645	2,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	215	90	130	0.3	0.3	0.4	5,805	2,975	2,830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1	2,315	1,265	1,055	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,915	905	1,010	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1	945	430	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	200	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,960	1,320	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,515	1,720	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	215	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,880	2,560	3,325	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	130	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,345	1,945	2,395	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	650	400	255	0.9	1.2	0.7	5,665	3,255	2,410	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,185	1,100	1,085	3.1	3.3	2.9	38,270	20,230	18,040	1.4	1.5	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1	840	410	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	105	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,610	890	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,565	845	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	485	230	255	0.7	0.7	0.7	10,275	4,955	5,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	295	140	155	0.4	0.4	0.4	12,250	6,465	5,785	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	690	630	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	255	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,490	800	690	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	210	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,860	3,055	2,800	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,825	1,510	1,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	7,615	2,905	4,715	10.7	8.6	12.7	258,905	106,700	152,210	9.6	8.1	11.0
Iran⁸⁸	235	90	150	0.3	0.3	0.4	16,325	7,150	9,175	0.6	0.5	0.7
Iraq	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,465	830	635	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,345	690	660	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1	550	260	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	805	405	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	130	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.1	1,680	995	680	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	2,190	810	1,380	3.1	2.4	3.7	59,350	24,555	34,795	2.2	1.9	2.5
Taiwan	505	180	325	0.7	0.5	0.9	8,905	2,985	5,915	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	405	140	270	0.6	0.4	0.7	7,025	2,820	4,210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japan	520	105	415	0.7	0.3	1.1	8,185	1,960	6,230	0.3	0.1	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	500	145	355	0.7	0.4	1.0	19,605	7,220	12,385	0.7	0.5	0.9
Philippines	1,425	455	970	2.0	1.3	2.6	55,140	20,255	34,880	2.0	1.5	2.5
Viet Nam	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,145	625	1,520	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,135	485	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	975	480	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,035	555	480	1.5	1.6	1.3	60,565	28,910	31,655	2.2	2.2	2.3
Pakistan	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,935	1,855	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	325	135	190	0.5	0.4	0.5	9,780	4,215	5,565	0.4	0.3	0.4
Oceania	980	500	480	1.4	1.5	1.3	16,505	8,700	7,810	0.6	0.7	0.6
Australia	795	395	400	1.1	1.2	1.1	12,315	6,385	5,930	0.5	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	185	105	75	0.3	0.3	0.2	3,340	1,855	1,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	465	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	103,000	48,155	54,840	...	...	...	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	...	...	...
In the labour force	70,420	34,875	35,545	...	...	...	2,657,275	1,378,375	1,278,900	...	...	...
Employed	64,945	32,110	32,835	...	...	...	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,475	2,765	2,715	...	...	...	223,675	113,655	110,015	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,580	13,280	19,300	...	...	...	1,543,145	670,020	873,130	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.4	72.4	64.8	68.4	72.4	64.8	63.3	67.3	59.4	63.3	67.3	59.4
Employment rate	63.1	66.7	59.9	63.1	66.7	59.9	57.9	61.7	54.3	57.9	61.7	54.3
Unemployment rate	7.8	7.9	7.6	7.8	7.9	7.6	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.4	8.2	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	103,000	48,155	54,845	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	33,230	13,845	19,385	32.3	28.8	35.3	1,563,830	685,205	878,625	37.2	33.5	40.8
Worked	69,775	34,315	35,455	67.7	71.3	64.6	2,636,595	1,363,185	1,273,410	62.8	66.5	59.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,750	19,440	17,310	35.7	40.4	31.6	1,350,335	768,255	582,080	32.1	37.5	27.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	33,025	14,875	18,145	32.1	30.9	33.1	1,286,260	594,930	691,330	30.6	29.0	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	42.0	40.4	41.2	42.0	40.4	40.9	41.8	39.9	40.9	41.8	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	70,420	34,875	35,550	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,300	690	610	1.8	2.0	1.7	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	69,115	34,185	34,930	98.1	98.0	98.3	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
Employee	55,595	26,535	29,060	78.9	76.1	81.7	2,144,475	1,076,150	1,068,330	80.7	78.1	83.5
Permanent position	44,795	21,695	23,110	63.6	62.2	65.0	1,788,175	913,100	875,070	67.3	66.2	68.4
Temporary position	10,795	4,840	5,960	15.3	13.9	16.8	356,305	163,045	193,255	13.4	11.8	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	4,595	2,070	2,525	6.5	5.9	7.1	116,190	53,010	63,190	4.4	3.8	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,205	2,770	3,435	8.8	7.9	9.7	240,110	110,035	130,070	9.0	8.0	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	13,525	7,655	5,870	19.2	21.9	16.5	458,635	275,905	182,735	17.3	20.0	14.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	70,420	34,875	35,550	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,300	690	610	1.8	2.0	1.7	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	69,115	34,185	34,930	98.1	98.0	98.3	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,395	895	505	2.0	2.6	1.4	32,255	22,375	9,885	1.2	1.6	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	14,865	5,745	9,125	21.1	16.5	25.7	446,160	137,765	308,395	16.8	10.0	24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,955	5,685	2,270	11.3	16.3	6.4	209,185	158,605	50,580	7.9	11.5	4.0
3 Health occupations	6,605	2,000	4,605	9.4	5.7	13.0	199,185	43,765	155,415	7.5	3.2	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,720	3,530	6,185	13.8	10.1	17.4	309,360	103,155	206,205	11.6	7.5	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,960	2,885	3,085	8.5	8.3	8.7	110,585	52,240	58,340	4.2	3.8	4.6
6 Sales and service occupations	15,045	7,115	7,935	21.4	20.4	22.3	666,705	293,530	373,180	25.1	21.3	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,170	5,435	730	8.8	15.6	2.1	469,450	425,905	43,545	17.7	30.9	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	470	325	145	0.7	0.9	0.4	72,075	51,750	20,325	2.7	3.8	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	930	585	345	1.3	1.7	1.0	88,155	62,965	25,185	3.3	4.6	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	70,420	34,875	35,550	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,300	690	610	1.8	2.0	1.7	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	69,115	34,185	34,930	98.1	98.0	98.3	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	250	150	95	0.4	0.4	0.3	60,320	38,580	21,735	2.3	2.8	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	200	155	45	0.3	0.4	0.1	24,955	20,610	4,350	0.9	1.5	0.3
22 Utilities	340	220	115	0.5	0.6	0.3	14,820	10,765	4,050	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	3,185	2,675	510	4.5	7.7	1.4	234,345	201,185	33,155	8.8	14.6	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	2,245	1,420	825	3.2	4.1	2.3	152,790	107,750	45,035	5.7	7.8	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,835	1,155	680	2.6	3.3	1.9	80,165	53,130	27,035	3.0	3.9	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,460	2,945	3,515	9.2	8.4	9.9	301,060	142,230	158,830	11.3	10.3	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,725	2,035	685	3.9	5.8	1.9	142,230	108,095	34,135	5.4	7.8	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	4,015	2,360	1,655	5.7	6.8	4.7	71,295	43,800	27,495	2.7	3.2	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	3,715	1,980	1,735	5.3	5.7	4.9	95,560	41,275	54,290	3.6	3.0	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,390	1,330	1,055	3.4	3.8	3.0	59,155	31,515	27,640	2.2	2.3	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	11,165	6,170	4,995	15.9	17.7	14.1	238,650	131,495	107,150	9.0	9.5	8.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	255	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.4	5,785	2,740	3,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,260	1,220	1,045	3.2	3.5	2.9	110,215	62,865	47,350	4.1	4.6	3.7
61 Educational services	6,865	2,435	4,430	9.7	7.0	12.5	192,855	62,310	130,545	7.3	4.5	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	9,210	2,565	6,645	13.1	7.4	18.7	319,525	64,150	255,375	12.0	4.7	20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,015	935	1,075	2.9	2.7	3.0	60,775	30,215	30,560	2.3	2.2	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	4,280	2,040	2,245	6.1	5.8	6.3	182,105	78,435	103,670	6.9	5.7	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,770	930	1,845	3.9	2.7	5.2	113,780	50,100	63,680	4.3	3.6	5.0
91 Public administration	2,940	1,335	1,595	4.2	3.8	4.5	142,730	70,795	71,940	5.4	5.1	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	74,885	36,830	38,050	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	67,135	33,310	33,825	89.7	90.4	88.9	2,617,625	1,354,690	1,262,935	91.7	92.0	91.3
French	105	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2	3,090	850	2,240	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	1,425	715	710	1.9	1.9	1.9	52,925	27,750	25,180	1.9	1.9	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,420	715	705	1.9	1.9	1.9	52,790	27,690	25,100	1.8	1.9	1.8
English and French	880	345	540	1.2	0.9	1.4	21,550	8,765	12,785	0.8	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	5,080	2,315	2,765	6.8	6.3	7.3	154,255	76,820	77,440	5.4	5.2	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,520	1,160	1,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	120	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2	3,840	2,000	1,840	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	74,885	36,830	38,050	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	73,665	36,185	37,480	98.4	98.2	98.5	2,820,225	1,453,980	1,366,250	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	70,975	34,900	36,075	94.8	94.8	94.8	2,726,710	1,405,545	1,321,160	95.5	95.5	95.5
English	70,760	34,830	35,930	94.5	94.6	94.4	2,720,275	1,403,805	1,316,470	95.3	95.4	95.1
French	215	70	145	0.3	0.2	0.4	6,430	1,740	4,690	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	2,690	1,285	1,405	3.6	3.5	3.7	93,520	48,430	45,090	3.3	3.3	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	85	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,685	1,280	1,400	3.6	3.5	3.7	93,230	48,340	44,890	3.3	3.3	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	320	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	320	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	250	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,720	1,070	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,695	1,060	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	855	430	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1	680	335	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	385	200	180	0.5	0.5	0.5	30,820	18,165	12,655	1.1	1.2	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	915	350	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	900	350	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	645	245	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	310	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	200	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	180	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	135	95	35	0.2	0.3	0.1	25,450	15,470	9,980	0.9	1.1	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	125	90	35	0.2	0.2	0.1	23,425	14,315	9,115	0.8	1.0	0.7
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	120	85	35	0.2	0.2	0.1	22,730	13,945	8,785	0.8	0.9	0.6
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	1,155	865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	1,135	855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	75	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,710	940	770	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	120	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	195	85	105	0.3	0.2	0.3	3,675	1,975	1,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1	555	245	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,940	1,645	1,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	130	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,015	695	1,320	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,855	3,485	3,370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	105	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	95	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,885	900	985	2.5	2.4	2.6	48,730	23,930	24,800	1.7	1.6	1.8
Chinese languages	1,885	900	985	2.5	2.4	2.6	48,670	23,890	24,780	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,215	565	645	1.6	1.5	1.7	28,465	13,710	14,755	1.0	0.9	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	660	330	330	0.9	0.9	0.9	19,865	10,015	9,855	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	65	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	60	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,215	645	570	1.6	1.8	1.5	35,660	18,080	17,585	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.2	2,470	970	1,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,070	580	490	1.4	1.6	1.3	32,195	16,590	15,610	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	825	445	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	74,885	36,830	38,050	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	69,680	34,590	35,095	93.0	93.9	92.2	2,703,945	1,398,765	1,305,180	94.7	95.0	94.3
English	1,105	495	615	1.5	1.3	1.6	36,055	17,805	18,250	1.3	1.2	1.3
French	685	280	405	0.9	0.8	1.1	16,140	7,125	9,020	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	2,490	1,075	1,405	3.3	2.9	3.7	79,300	38,900	40,400	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,320	470	850	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,485	1,075	1,400	3.3	2.9	3.7	77,980	38,430	39,550	2.7	2.6	2.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.3	4,745	2,165	2,580	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,945	860	1,085	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	645	270	375	0.9	0.7	1.0	13,685	6,410	7,275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	64,940	32,110	32,830	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	23,935	11,595	12,340	36.9	36.1	37.6	549,845	262,840	287,005	22.6	20.8	24.6
Worked outside Canada	530	300	225	0.8	0.9	0.7	10,065	6,785	3,275	0.4	0.5	0.3
No fixed workplace address	6,415	4,545	1,870	9.9	14.2	5.7	373,475	277,860	95,615	15.3	22.0	8.2
Usual place of work	34,065	15,675	18,400	52.5	48.8	56.0	1,500,215	717,240	782,980	61.6	56.7	67.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,065	15,670	18,400	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,500,215	717,235	782,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,390	10,270	14,120	71.6	65.5	76.7	774,620	341,895	432,725	51.6	47.7	55.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,315	5,225	4,090	27.3	33.3	22.2	638,825	322,890	315,940	42.6	45.0	40.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	250	135	115	0.7	0.9	0.6	77,845	46,415	31,440	5.2	6.5	4.0
Commute to a different province or territory	115	45	70	0.3	0.3	0.4	8,920	6,040	2,875	0.6	0.8	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,480	20,220	20,265	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	22,440	12,335	10,100	55.4	61.0	49.8	1,497,765	824,995	672,775	79.9	82.9	76.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	20,400	11,725	8,675	50.4	58.0	42.8	1,376,410	775,555	600,865	73.5	77.9	68.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,040	610	1,430	5.0	3.0	7.1	121,350	49,440	71,910	6.5	5.0	8.2
Public transit	8,740	3,805	4,930	21.6	18.8	24.3	174,045	72,290	101,750	9.3	7.3	11.6
Walked	5,610	2,070	3,535	13.9	10.2	17.4	121,550	51,185	70,360	6.5	5.1	8.0
Bicycle	2,510	1,420	1,095	6.2	7.0	5.4	36,790	22,990	13,800	2.0	2.3	1.6
Other method	1,190	580	605	2.9	2.9	3.0	43,535	23,635	19,900	2.3	2.4	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,480	20,220	20,265	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,235	3,980	5,255	22.8	19.7	25.9	595,470	276,270	319,200	31.8	27.8	36.3
15 to 29 minutes	16,570	8,340	8,230	40.9	41.2	40.6	637,130	333,835	303,295	34.0	33.5	34.5
30 to 44 minutes	9,810	5,320	4,490	24.2	26.3	22.2	369,645	216,975	152,670	19.7	21.8	17.4
45 to 59 minutes	3,065	1,560	1,505	7.6	7.7	7.4	137,115	81,460	55,655	7.3	8.2	6.3
60 minutes and over	1,805	1,015	790	4.5	5.0	3.9	134,330	86,550	47,780	7.2	8.7	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,480	20,220	20,265	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,350	930	420	3.3	4.6	2.1	125,470	91,685	33,785	6.7	9.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,800	2,890	1,915	11.9	14.3	9.4	298,120	192,650	105,460	15.9	19.4	12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,320	4,480	4,845	23.0	22.2	23.9	449,315	237,080	212,235	24.0	23.8	24.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,765	4,995	5,765	26.6	24.7	28.4	418,635	186,225	232,415	22.3	18.7	26.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,335	4,405	4,925	23.1	21.8	24.3	303,745	133,880	169,865	16.2	13.5	19.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,915	2,520	2,395	12.1	12.5	11.8	278,405	153,580	124,825	14.9	15.4	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,490	8,015	7,475	100.0	100.0	100.0	884,130	455,675	428,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,435	695	745	9.3	8.7	10.0	55,575	28,115	27,465	6.3	6.2	6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,055	7,325	6,730	90.7	91.4	90.0	828,550	427,565	400,990	93.7	93.8	93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,745	5,595	5,150	100.0	100.0	100.0	651,050	336,315	314,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,035	505	525	9.6	9.0	10.2	43,010	21,805	21,205	6.6	6.5	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	735	350	380	6.8	6.3	7.4	23,960	11,755	12,205	3.7	3.5	3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	300	155	145	2.8	2.8	2.8	19,050	10,050	8,995	2.9	3.0	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,715	5,090	4,625	90.4	91.0	89.8	608,040	314,500	293,535	93.4	93.5	93.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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