Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vancouver EastMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)] Remove						British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...	5,000,879	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...	4,648,055	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...	2,211,694	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,834	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...	920,686.55	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	118,675	59,780	58,895	100.0	100.0	100.0	5,000,880	2,457,515	2,543,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12,490	6,380	6,105	10.5	10.7	10.4	716,900	369,250	347,650	14.3	15.0	13.7
0 to 4 years	4,505	2,275	2,235	3.8	3.8	3.8	216,825	111,015	105,805	4.3	4.5	4.2
5 to 9 years	4,055	2,120	1,940	3.4	3.5	3.3	244,290	125,810	118,485	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	3,930	1,990	1,935	3.3	3.3	3.3	255,790	132,425	123,365	5.1	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	88,200	44,700	43,500	74.3	74.8	73.9	3,267,620	1,614,625	1,652,995	65.3	65.7	65.0
15 to 19 years	3,880	2,015	1,865	3.3	3.4	3.2	253,690	131,245	122,445	5.1	5.3	4.8
20 to 24 years	6,410	3,185	3,225	5.4	5.3	5.5	294,650	151,505	143,145	5.9	6.2	5.6
25 to 29 years	11,870	5,665	6,205	10.0	9.5	10.5	337,090	170,500	166,585	6.7	6.9	6.5
30 to 34 years	14,230	6,990	7,235	12.0	11.7	12.3	358,585	178,925	179,660	7.2	7.3	7.1
35 to 39 years	12,220	6,250	5,970	10.3	10.5	10.1	353,350	175,175	178,175	7.1	7.1	7.0
40 to 44 years	8,880	4,555	4,320	7.5	7.6	7.3	319,740	156,480	163,260	6.4	6.4	6.4
45 to 49 years	7,835	3,935	3,905	6.6	6.6	6.6	310,035	149,520	160,515	6.2	6.1	6.3
50 to 54 years	8,070	4,235	3,830	6.8	7.1	6.5	329,005	158,540	170,460	6.6	6.5	6.7
55 to 59 years	7,765	4,125	3,640	6.5	6.9	6.2	356,345	172,520	183,825	7.1	7.0	7.2
60 to 64 years	7,045	3,740	3,300	5.9	6.3	5.6	355,130	170,210	184,920	7.1	6.9	7.3
65 years and over	17,990	8,695	9,290	15.2	14.5	15.8	1,016,365	473,640	542,720	20.3	19.3	21.3
65 to 69 years	5,705	2,960	2,745	4.8	5.0	4.7	319,405	152,705	166,700	6.4	6.2	6.6
70 to 74 years	4,705	2,415	2,290	4.0	4.0	3.9	272,365	130,370	141,995	5.4	5.3	5.6
75 to 79 years	2,600	1,210	1,390	2.2	2.0	2.4	181,075	86,060	95,015	3.6	3.5	3.7
80 to 84 years	2,165	930	1,235	1.8	1.6	2.1	121,055	55,285	65,780	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	2,815	1,180	1,635	2.4	2.0	2.8	122,465	49,225	73,235	2.4	2.0	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,720	745	975	1.4	1.2	1.7	74,315	32,315	42,005	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	850	365	485	0.7	0.6	0.8	36,840	13,715	23,120	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	210	65	140	0.2	0.1	0.2	9,790	2,865	6,925	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,515	330	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	10.5	10.7	10.4	10.5	10.7	10.4	14.3	15.0	13.7	14.3	15.0	13.7
15 to 64 years	74.3	74.8	73.9	74.3	74.8	73.9	65.3	65.7	65.0	65.3	65.7	65.0
65 years and over	15.2	14.5	15.8	15.2	14.5	15.8	20.3	19.3	21.3	20.3	19.3	21.3
85 years and over	2.4	2.0	2.8	2.4	2.0	2.8	2.4	2.0	2.9	2.4	2.0	2.9
Average age of the population	41.8	41.7	42.0	41.8	41.7	42.0	43.1	42.2	43.9	43.1	42.2	43.9
Median age of the population	39.2	39.6	38.8	39.2	39.6	38.8	42.8	41.6	44.0	42.8	41.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	57,170	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	6,540	...	...	11.4	...	...	866,340	...	...	42.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,380	...	...	2.4	...	...	62,890	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	1,545	...	...	2.7	...	...	168,590	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	10,320	...	...	18.1	...	...	249,835	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	26,190	...	...	45.8	...	...	417,475	...	...	20.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	11,095	...	...	19.4	...	...	221,845	...	...	10.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	100	...	...	0.2	...	...	3,760	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...	51,100	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	57,170	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	25,300	...	...	44.3	...	...	600,705	...	...	29.4	...	...
2 persons	18,080	...	...	31.6	...	...	719,865	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	6,605	...	...	11.6	...	...	296,200	...	...	14.5	...	...
4 persons	4,720	...	...	8.3	...	...	256,700	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,465	...	...	4.3	...	...	168,355	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,030	56,905	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	106,185	53,400	52,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,283,980	2,088,265	2,195,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	48,330	24,180	24,145	45.5	45.3	45.7	2,464,130	1,229,850	1,234,280	57.5	58.9	56.2
Married	32,805	16,440	16,360	30.9	30.8	31.0	2,036,165	1,015,165	1,021,000	47.5	48.6	46.5
Living common-law	15,525	7,745	7,785	14.6	14.5	14.7	427,970	214,680	213,285	10.0	10.3	9.7
Living common law - Never married	13,660	6,760	6,900	12.9	12.7	13.1	313,560	158,045	155,515	7.3	7.6	7.1
Living common law - Separated	265	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2	17,220	8,940	8,285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	1,515	805	710	1.4	1.5	1.3	87,370	43,700	43,670	2.0	2.1	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,815	3,995	5,820	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	57,860	29,215	28,640	54.5	54.7	54.3	1,819,845	858,415	961,435	42.5	41.1	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	43,360	23,650	19,705	40.8	44.3	37.3	1,202,625	653,345	549,280	28.1	31.3	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,810	1,320	1,485	2.6	2.5	2.8	110,710	47,290	63,420	2.6	2.3	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,350	3,320	4,030	6.9	6.2	7.6	283,035	109,615	173,420	6.6	5.2	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,345	925	3,420	4.1	1.7	6.5	223,475	48,165	175,310	5.2	2.3	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,945	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,399,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,700	...	...	59.8	...	...	763,875	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	5,750	...	...	20.6	...	...	290,335	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	4,365	...	...	15.6	...	...	255,295	...	...	18.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,130	...	...	4.0	...	...	89,900	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,945	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,399,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	23,335	...	...	83.5	...	...	1,190,930	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	15,565	...	...	55.7	...	...	977,010	...	...	69.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,465	...	...	30.3	...	...	496,240	...	...	35.5	...	...
Without children	7,105	...	...	25.4	...	...	480,770	...	...	34.4	...	...
Common-law couples	7,760	...	...	27.8	...	...	213,925	...	...	15.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,310	...	...	4.7	...	...	64,570	...	...	4.6	...	...
Without children	6,450	...	...	23.1	...	...	149,355	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,610	...	...	16.5	...	...	208,475	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,700	...	...	13.2	...	...	161,820	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	910	...	...	3.3	...	...	46,655	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,030	56,905	57,125	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	74,025	36,270	37,755	64.9	63.7	66.1	3,897,915	1,933,790	1,964,120	79.3	80.0	78.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	46,665	23,285	23,380	40.9	40.9	40.9	2,381,865	1,191,345	1,190,515	48.5	49.3	47.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,610	910	3,700	4.0	1.6	6.5	208,475	46,660	161,820	4.2	1.9	6.5
Children⁶	22,750	12,075	10,670	20.0	21.2	18.7	1,307,575	695,790	611,785	26.6	28.8	24.5
In a two-parent family	16,200	8,505	7,690	14.2	14.9	13.5	1,001,235	529,410	471,830	20.4	21.9	18.9
In a one-parent family	6,550	3,570	2,980	5.7	6.3	5.2	306,340	166,380	139,960	6.2	6.9	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	40,010	20,630	19,375	35.1	36.3	33.9	1,018,030	483,010	535,015	20.7	20.0	21.4
Living alone	25,300	13,245	12,055	22.2	23.3	21.1	600,705	273,740	326,960	12.2	11.3	13.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,125	1,315	1,810	2.7	2.3	3.2	139,900	56,735	83,160	2.8	2.3	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	11,575	6,070	5,510	10.2	10.7	9.6	277,425	152,535	124,890	5.6	6.3	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	57,170	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,005	...	...	42.0	...	...	1,157,520	...	...	56.7	...	...
Couple-family households	20,355	...	...	35.6	...	...	1,002,775	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	8,345	...	...	14.6	...	...	463,945	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	12,005	...	...	21.0	...	...	538,825	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,655	...	...	6.4	...	...	154,745	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,170	...	...	2.0	...	...	75,700	...	...	3.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	295	...	...	0.5	...	...	20,325	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,545	...	...	2.7	...	...	79,015	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,860	...	...	8.5	...	...	108,570	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	25,300	...	...	44.3	...	...	600,705	...	...	29.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	101,695	50,635	51,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,470	49,520	49,955	97.8	97.8	97.8	4,076,345	1,987,855	2,088,490	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	42,400	38,800	40,400	42,400	38,800	40,800	47,200	36,000	40,800	47,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	99,555	49,565	49,985	97.9	97.9	97.9	4,078,810	1,989,180	2,089,630	97.1	97.1	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	38,400	36,000	37,200	38,400	36,000	37,200	42,400	33,600	37,200	42,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,795	43,065	43,725	85.3	85.0	85.6	3,655,710	1,808,310	1,847,405	87.0	88.3	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	34,400	38,400	42,800	34,400	35,200	43,600	28,400	35,200	43,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	75,105	37,840	37,265	73.9	74.7	73.0	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,030	68.7	71.8	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	45,600	38,400	42,000	45,600	38,400	38,000	46,000	31,200	38,000	46,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,075	38,920	43,160	80.7	76.9	84.5	3,377,800	1,555,875	1,821,925	80.4	76.0	84.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,700	9,700	9,700	9,700	9,700	9,700	10,000	9,100	10,600	10,000	9,100	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,535	4,925	5,610	10.4	9.7	11.0	370,345	168,520	201,825	8.8	8.2	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	33,380	16,665	16,715	32.8	32.9	32.7	1,106,935	526,910	580,025	26.4	25.7	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	101,475	50,480	50,995	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,115	49,320	49,795	97.7	97.7	97.6	4,075,270	1,987,400	2,087,875	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,100	60,450	49,760	55,100	60,450	49,760	54,450	63,500	45,800	54,450	63,500	45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	99,195	49,365	49,830	97.8	97.8	97.7	4,077,810	1,988,785	2,089,025	97.1	97.1	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160	49,400	42,920	46,160	49,400	42,920	45,600	51,900	39,600	45,600	51,900	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,415	42,845	43,575	85.2	84.9	85.4	3,654,285	1,807,745	1,846,535	87.0	88.3	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,700	59,800	45,760	52,700	59,800	45,760	50,520	60,800	40,440	50,520	60,800	40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,960	37,815	37,145	73.9	74.9	72.8	2,886,325	1,472,690	1,413,635	68.7	71.9	65.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,900	60,050	47,560	53,900	60,050	47,560	50,520	59,800	40,840	50,520	59,800	40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,800	38,565	43,235	80.6	76.4	84.8	3,374,170	1,553,970	1,820,205	80.3	75.9	84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,040	10,880	11,180	11,040	10,880	11,180	11,030	10,490	11,490	11,030	10,490	11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,420	4,840	5,580	10.3	9.6	10.9	368,410	167,495	200,910	8.8	8.2	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,440	5,965	6,850	6,440	5,965	6,850	6,540	6,030	6,970	6,540	6,030	6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	33,190	16,340	16,850	32.7	32.4	33.0	1,102,145	524,940	577,205	26.2	25.6	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,870	9,830	9,910	9,870	9,830	9,910	9,110	8,940	9,260	9,110	8,940	9,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	101,475	50,480	50,995	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,385	18,570	15,815	33.9	36.8	31.0	1,301,410	737,105	564,300	31.0	36.0	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	72,000	65,500	69,000	72,000	65,500	65,000	71,500	57,600	65,000	71,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,100	89,200	73,700	82,100	89,200	73,700	77,700	86,600	66,000	77,700	86,600	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	32,835	15,370	17,465	32.4	30.4	34.2	1,195,830	547,835	647,995	28.5	26.7	30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,000	22,200	19,800	21,000	22,200	19,800	19,400	22,400	17,400	19,400	22,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,520	34,200	29,160	31,520	34,200	29,160	30,560	36,160	25,840	30,560	36,160	25,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.4	86.0	80.4	83.4	86.0	80.4	83.2	87.0	78.2	83.2	87.0	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.0	76.2	71.4	74.0	76.2	71.4	65.8	69.8	60.4	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.6	14.1	19.5	16.6	14.1	19.5	16.8	12.9	21.9	16.8	12.9	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	7.1	6.3	8.2	7.1	6.3	8.2	5.6	4.5	7.1	5.6	4.5	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.0	5.4	6.7	6.0	5.4	6.7	4.5	3.7	5.6	4.5	3.7	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	101,700	50,635	51,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,225	1,115	1,115	2.2	2.2	2.2	124,155	60,445	63,710	3.0	3.0	3.0
With total income	99,475	49,520	49,955	97.8	97.8	97.8	4,076,350	1,987,855	2,088,490	97.0	97.0	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,355	3,490	3,860	7.4	7.0	7.7	385,230	166,325	218,900	9.5	8.4	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,355	5,600	5,750	11.4	11.3	11.5	474,245	197,530	276,715	11.6	9.9	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	17,600	8,165	9,435	17.7	16.5	18.9	627,895	264,860	363,035	15.4	13.3	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,870	6,230	6,640	12.9	12.6	13.3	515,780	222,825	292,955	12.7	11.2	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,280	4,745	5,535	10.3	9.6	11.1	442,130	198,985	243,150	10.8	10.0	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	8,445	3,935	4,515	8.5	7.9	9.0	363,335	172,380	190,950	8.9	8.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	6,725	3,415	3,315	6.8	6.9	6.6	284,130	149,100	135,030	7.0	7.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,415	2,690	2,725	5.4	5.4	5.5	221,755	125,565	96,190	5.4	6.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,255	2,235	2,015	4.3	4.5	4.0	172,110	101,195	70,915	4.2	5.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	3,370	1,725	1,640	3.4	3.5	3.3	136,185	81,180	55,005	3.3	4.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	11,810	7,280	4,530	11.9	14.7	9.1	453,550	307,905	145,645	11.1	15.5	7.0
$100,000 to $149,999	7,665	4,480	3,190	7.7	9.0	6.4	297,440	194,595	102,850	7.3	9.8	4.9
$150,000 and over	4,145	2,805	1,340	4.2	5.7	2.7	156,105	113,310	42,800	3.8	5.7	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	101,700	50,635	51,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,145	1,070	1,075	2.1	2.1	2.1	121,690	59,120	62,575	2.9	2.9	2.9
With after-tax income	99,555	49,565	49,985	97.9	97.9	97.9	4,078,810	1,989,185	2,089,630	97.1	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,645	3,640	4,000	7.7	7.3	8.0	402,375	172,800	229,575	9.9	8.7	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,705	5,790	5,915	11.8	11.7	11.8	490,875	204,625	286,255	12.0	10.3	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	19,810	9,280	10,530	19.9	18.7	21.1	705,795	299,550	406,245	17.3	15.1	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	14,660	7,075	7,585	14.7	14.3	15.2	593,485	261,620	331,865	14.6	13.2	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	11,685	5,445	6,240	11.7	11.0	12.5	502,775	233,645	269,135	12.3	11.7	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,155	4,505	4,645	9.2	9.1	9.3	387,850	198,895	188,955	9.5	10.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,900	3,445	3,455	6.9	7.0	6.9	283,825	160,510	123,315	7.0	8.1	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,130	2,660	2,470	5.2	5.4	4.9	207,535	122,690	84,840	5.1	6.2	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,730	1,995	1,730	3.7	4.0	3.5	150,155	91,640	58,515	3.7	4.6	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,515	1,440	1,075	2.5	2.9	2.1	99,015	63,800	35,220	2.4	3.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	6,630	4,290	2,340	6.7	8.7	4.7	255,125	179,415	75,715	6.3	9.0	3.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,360	2,090	1,265	3.4	4.2	2.5	127,025	86,835	40,195	3.1	4.4	1.9
$125,000 and over	3,275	2,205	1,070	3.3	4.4	2.1	128,100	92,585	35,515	3.1	4.7	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	101,700	50,635	51,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,590	12,790	13,800	26.1	25.3	27.0	1,314,135	576,965	737,165	31.3	28.2	34.3
With employment income	75,105	37,845	37,265	73.9	74.7	73.0	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,035	68.7	71.8	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,790	4,220	4,570	11.7	11.2	12.3	397,640	182,895	214,745	13.8	12.4	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,920	2,665	3,255	7.9	7.1	8.7	234,130	99,970	134,165	8.1	6.8	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,645	4,075	4,570	11.5	10.8	12.3	339,265	147,650	191,615	11.8	10.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,540	3,055	3,485	8.7	8.1	9.3	266,065	118,485	147,580	9.2	8.1	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	6,335	3,095	3,240	8.4	8.2	8.7	257,235	116,285	140,950	8.9	7.9	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	6,565	3,145	3,420	8.7	8.3	9.2	247,550	116,085	131,470	8.6	7.9	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,310	3,010	3,305	8.4	8.0	8.9	230,030	112,805	117,220	8.0	7.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	5,380	2,805	2,575	7.2	7.4	6.9	190,470	105,215	85,260	6.6	7.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,335	2,165	2,175	5.8	5.7	5.8	154,990	91,615	63,375	5.4	6.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,580	1,935	1,650	4.8	5.1	4.4	128,265	77,550	50,715	4.4	5.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,935	1,525	1,410	3.9	4.0	3.8	105,855	64,420	41,430	3.7	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	9,765	6,150	3,615	13.0	16.3	9.7	334,875	238,370	96,505	11.6	16.2	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	4,325	2,495	1,830	5.8	6.6	4.9	154,515	102,955	51,560	5.4	7.0	3.6
$125,000 and over	5,435	3,655	1,785	7.2	9.6	4.8	180,360	135,420	44,940	6.2	9.2	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	101,695	50,635	51,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,090	48,235	48,860	95.5	95.3	95.7	3,960,225	1,926,690	2,033,535	94.3	94.1	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,000	34,400	36,800	40,000	34,400	38,400	46,000	32,800	38,400	46,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	97,185	48,270	48,915	95.6	95.3	95.8	3,968,465	1,928,380	2,040,085	94.5	94.1	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	35,600	31,600	33,600	35,600	31,600	34,800	40,800	30,000	34,800	40,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,995	42,690	43,305	84.6	84.3	84.8	3,614,710	1,784,370	1,830,340	86.1	87.1	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	35,600	39,200	43,600	35,600	36,400	44,800	29,800	36,400	44,800	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,765	38,085	37,680	74.5	75.2	73.8	2,972,225	1,505,485	1,466,740	70.8	73.5	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	45,200	38,000	41,600	45,200	38,000	36,800	45,200	30,600	36,800	45,200	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,715	29,270	35,445	63.6	57.8	69.4	2,715,540	1,173,320	1,542,220	64.6	57.3	71.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,040	1,700	2,780	2,040	1,700	2,780	5,880	4,520	6,450	5,880	4,520	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,825	2,600	3,220	5.7	5.1	6.3	258,710	115,865	142,845	6.2	5.7	6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	4,880	5,920	5,320	4,880	5,920	5,480	5,120	5,800	5,480	5,120	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	101,475	50,480	50,995	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,750	48,005	48,745	95.3	95.1	95.6	3,959,300	1,926,475	2,032,835	94.3	94.0	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,880	56,100	45,760	50,880	56,100	45,760	52,300	62,250	42,880	52,300	62,250	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,825	48,035	48,790	95.4	95.2	95.7	3,967,440	1,928,070	2,039,370	94.5	94.1	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,520	45,960	39,120	42,520	45,960	39,120	43,400	50,520	36,640	43,400	50,520	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,785	42,440	43,350	84.5	84.1	85.0	3,612,845	1,783,870	1,828,980	86.0	87.1	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,150	58,750	45,680	52,150	58,750	45,680	51,080	61,850	40,560	51,080	61,850	40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,865	38,055	37,815	74.8	75.4	74.2	2,971,405	1,506,375	1,465,035	70.7	73.5	68.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	52,300	58,150	46,480	52,300	58,150	46,480	49,120	58,700	39,280	49,120	58,700	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,475	29,080	35,400	63.5	57.6	69.4	2,711,365	1,168,975	1,542,390	64.5	57.1	71.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,860	7,120	7,000	6,860	7,120	8,330	8,200	8,430	8,330	8,200	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,835	2,625	3,215	5.8	5.2	6.3	258,380	115,595	142,790	6.2	5.6	6.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,110	5,950	8,050	7,110	5,950	8,050	7,140	6,310	7,810	7,140	6,310	7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	101,475	50,480	50,995	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,070	18,380	15,690	33.6	36.4	30.8	1,288,260	729,135	559,120	30.7	35.6	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	66,500	58,400	62,400	66,500	58,400	60,400	68,000	52,800	60,400	68,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,500	81,200	66,600	74,500	81,200	66,600	72,800	82,200	60,600	72,800	82,200	60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,245	14,530	16,720	30.8	28.8	32.8	1,128,665	516,540	612,120	26.9	25.2	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,200	31,200	26,200	28,200	31,200	26,200	25,200	29,400	22,600	25,200	29,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,720	41,040	34,800	37,720	41,040	34,800	36,280	43,320	30,320	36,280	43,320	30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8	92.6	88.8	90.8	92.6	88.8	89.0	92.0	85.0	89.0	92.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	80.6	82.2	78.8	80.6	82.2	78.8	70.4	73.8	66.0	70.4	73.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)	9.2	7.4	11.3	9.2	7.4	11.3	10.9	8.0	14.9	10.9	8.0	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.2	0.8	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	57,170	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	25,300	...	...	...	...	...	600,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,870	...	...	...	...	...	1,441,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	57,160	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,500	...	...	95,500	...	...	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,100	...	...	80,100	...	...	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	25,400	...	...	...	...	...	600,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,560	...	...	44,560	...	...	46,680	...	...	46,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,760	...	...	...	...	...	1,441,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,500	...	...	108,500	...	...	109,600	...	...	109,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	57,175	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	900	...	...	1.6	...	...	30,080	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	455	...	...	0.8	...	...	13,160	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	855	...	...	1.5	...	...	19,290	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,245	...	...	3.9	...	...	41,735	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,070	...	...	7.1	...	...	82,340	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,475	...	...	4.3	...	...	63,830	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,385	...	...	4.2	...	...	64,895	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,590	...	...	4.5	...	...	75,105	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,160	...	...	3.8	...	...	73,975	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,055	...	...	3.6	...	...	73,180	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,140	...	...	7.2	...	...	144,895	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,620	...	...	6.3	...	...	139,140	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,410	...	...	6.0	...	...	131,840	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,110	...	...	5.4	...	...	122,530	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,745	...	...	4.8	...	...	112,775	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,945	...	...	34.9	...	...	853,065	...	...	41.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,540	...	...	9.7	...	...	235,680	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,990	...	...	7.0	...	...	178,970	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,085	...	...	8.9	...	...	221,175	...	...	10.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,335	...	...	9.3	...	...	217,240	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	57,175	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,015	...	...	1.8	...	...	34,265	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	460	...	...	0.8	...	...	13,550	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	865	...	...	1.5	...	...	19,930	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,325	...	...	4.1	...	...	43,390	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,265	...	...	7.5	...	...	86,585	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,830	...	...	4.9	...	...	72,515	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,685	...	...	4.7	...	...	74,810	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,930	...	...	5.1	...	...	85,940	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,465	...	...	4.3	...	...	85,575	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,420	...	...	4.2	...	...	85,000	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,710	...	...	8.2	...	...	168,315	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,155	...	...	7.3	...	...	160,070	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,775	...	...	6.6	...	...	149,385	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,295	...	...	5.8	...	...	136,615	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,805	...	...	4.9	...	...	121,890	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,190	...	...	28.3	...	...	704,010	...	...	34.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,475	...	...	9.6	...	...	243,560	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,820	...	...	6.7	...	...	167,850	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,890	...	...	12.1	...	...	292,600	...	...	14.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	27,890	...	...	...	...	...	1,364,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,635	...	...	...	...	...	562,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,790	...	...	...	...	...	561,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	142,000	...	...	142,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,295	...	...	...	...	...	188,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	36,880	19,320	17,565	...	...	...	878,130	426,275	451,855	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	37,200	36,800	37,200	37,200	36,800	39,200	40,800	37,600	39,200	40,800	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	34,000	34,400	34,400	34,000	34,400	36,000	37,200	34,800	36,000	37,200	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	27,950	...	...	...	...	...	1,363,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,660	...	...	...	...	...	561,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,800	...	...	122,800	...	...	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,100	...	...	101,100	...	...	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,760	...	...	...	...	...	563,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	167,400	...	...	167,400	...	...	161,800	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,400	...	...	137,400	...	...	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,240	...	...	...	...	...	186,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,300	...	...	80,300	...	...	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	36,395	19,130	17,260	...	...	...	875,470	423,270	452,200	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,960	50,200	47,600	48,960	50,200	47,600	50,240	53,050	47,600	50,240	53,050	47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,080	42,760	41,320	42,080	42,760	41,320	42,720	44,400	41,200	42,720	44,400	41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,030	56,905	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,570	7,445	7,130	12.8	13.1	12.5	866,210	446,475	419,740	17.6	18.5	16.8
0 to 5 years	5,245	2,640	2,610	4.6	4.6	4.6	264,100	135,340	128,760	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	82,895	41,575	41,320	72.7	73.1	72.3	3,085,015	1,515,740	1,569,280	62.8	62.7	62.8
65 years and over	16,565	7,880	8,685	14.5	13.8	15.2	964,710	454,590	510,120	19.6	18.8	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	16,440	8,340	8,105	...	...	...	528,870	246,885	281,980	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,850	955	895	...	...	...	98,830	51,230	47,600	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	585	275	310	...	...	...	29,460	15,150	14,310	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	9,960	5,215	4,745	...	...	...	297,960	141,460	156,505	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,635	2,175	2,460	...	...	...	132,075	54,200	77,875	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.4	14.7	14.2	14.4	14.7	14.2	10.8	10.2	11.3	10.8	10.2	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.8	12.6	12.7	12.8	12.6	11.4	11.5	11.3	11.4	11.5	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	11.2	10.6	11.8	11.2	10.6	11.8	11.2	11.2	11.1	11.2	11.2	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	12.5	11.5	12.0	12.5	11.5	9.7	9.3	10.0	9.7	9.3	10.0
65 years and over (%)	28.0	27.6	28.3	28.0	27.6	28.3	13.7	11.9	15.3	13.7	11.9	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	114,030	56,905	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,825,465	2,371,915	2,453,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	14,570	7,445	7,130	12.8	13.1	12.5	848,955	437,500	411,455	17.6	18.4	16.8
0 to 5 years	5,245	2,640	2,610	4.6	4.6	4.6	259,060	132,740	126,320	5.4	5.6	5.1
18 to 64 years	82,895	41,575	41,320	72.7	73.1	72.3	3,033,655	1,490,215	1,543,435	62.9	62.8	62.9
65 years and over	16,565	7,880	8,685	14.5	13.8	15.2	942,860	444,195	498,660	19.5	18.7	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	11,300	6,040	5,260	...	...	...	279,035	139,265	139,770	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	920	470	455	...	...	...	44,480	23,070	21,410	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	285	135	145	...	...	...	11,690	6,045	5,640	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	8,505	4,605	3,900	...	...	...	201,000	101,455	99,545	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,875	965	910	...	...	...	33,555	14,740	18,815	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	9.9	10.6	9.2	9.9	10.6	9.2	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	6.3	5.2	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	5.4	5.2	5.7	5.4	5.2	5.7	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	11.1	9.4	10.3	11.1	9.4	6.6	6.8	6.5	6.6	6.8	6.5
65 years and over (%)	11.3	12.3	10.5	11.3	12.3	10.5	3.6	3.3	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,030	56,905	57,130	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	57,935	28,730	29,205	50.8	50.5	51.1	2,300,730	1,101,130	1,199,605	46.8	45.6	48.0
In bottom decile	16,565	8,455	8,110	14.5	14.9	14.2	516,435	247,990	268,445	10.5	10.3	10.7
In second decile	12,310	6,035	6,275	10.8	10.6	11.0	444,845	206,090	238,750	9.0	8.5	9.6
In third decile	10,155	5,010	5,145	8.9	8.8	9.0	436,965	208,575	228,385	8.9	8.6	9.1
In fourth decile	9,520	4,650	4,870	8.3	8.2	8.5	442,745	214,155	228,590	9.0	8.9	9.1
In fifth decile	9,385	4,580	4,800	8.2	8.0	8.4	459,740	224,315	235,420	9.4	9.3	9.4
In top half of the distribution	56,095	28,170	27,925	49.2	49.5	48.9	2,615,210	1,315,675	1,299,535	53.2	54.4	52.0
In sixth decile	9,340	4,610	4,730	8.2	8.1	8.3	475,780	234,975	240,805	9.7	9.7	9.6
In seventh decile	9,755	4,770	4,985	8.6	8.4	8.7	494,480	246,315	248,165	10.1	10.2	9.9
In eighth decile	10,645	5,280	5,365	9.3	9.3	9.4	518,565	260,640	257,925	10.5	10.8	10.3
In ninth decile	11,965	6,065	5,905	10.5	10.7	10.3	550,860	278,965	271,890	11.2	11.5	10.9
In top decile	14,390	7,450	6,935	12.6	13.1	12.1	575,535	294,785	280,750	11.7	12.2	11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,035	...	...	114,035	...	...	4,915,940	...	...	4,915,940	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.364	...	...	0.364	...	...	0.346	...	...	0.346	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.482	...	...	0.482	...	...	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.322	...	...	0.322	...	...	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,830	58,200	57,630	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	96,180	49,510	46,675	83.0	85.1	81.0	4,461,290	2,220,225	2,241,070	90.1	91.2	89.0
French only	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,785	810	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	12,370	5,800	6,575	10.7	10.0	11.4	326,865	146,310	180,565	6.6	6.0	7.2
Neither English nor French	7,225	2,860	4,360	6.2	4.9	7.6	161,720	67,240	94,475	3.3	2.8	3.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,830	58,200	57,630	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,205	54,040	52,165	91.7	92.9	90.5	4,718,195	2,332,370	2,385,825	95.3	95.8	94.8
French	2,050	1,105	945	1.8	1.9	1.6	56,495	28,130	28,370	1.1	1.2	1.1
English and French	455	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.4	18,145	8,260	9,885	0.4	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	7,120	2,815	4,310	6.1	4.8	7.5	158,820	65,825	92,995	3.2	2.7	3.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,830	58,200	57,630	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	110,570	55,690	54,885	95.5	95.7	95.2	4,761,600	2,343,570	2,418,030	96.2	96.3	96.1
Official languages	72,745	38,430	34,315	62.8	66.0	59.5	3,382,455	1,699,060	1,683,395	68.3	69.8	66.9
English	70,735	37,330	33,405	61.1	64.1	58.0	3,325,035	1,670,420	1,654,615	67.1	68.6	65.7
French	2,015	1,100	910	1.7	1.9	1.6	57,420	28,645	28,780	1.2	1.2	1.1
Non-official languages	37,830	17,260	20,570	32.7	29.7	35.7	1,379,145	644,515	734,630	27.9	26.5	29.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2	5,490	2,600	2,890	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	820	390	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	310	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	305	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,560	710	850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	705	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	210	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	510	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	120	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	505	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	295	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	380	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	180	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,665	17,180	20,480	32.5	29.5	35.5	1,373,655	641,910	731,745	27.7	26.4	29.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	870	445	425	0.8	0.8	0.7	33,195	17,710	15,485	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	70	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,005	1,025	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	805	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	785	400	385	0.7	0.7	0.7	31,020	16,575	14,450	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,620	790	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	520	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.5	22,970	12,330	10,640	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	770	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	295	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	405	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,260	1,275	980	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,455	1,310	1,150	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,740	1,265	1,475	2.4	2.2	2.6	34,145	15,270	18,875	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	670	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	2,690	1,240	1,445	2.3	2.1	2.5	32,560	14,580	17,985	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,990	1,120	1,870	2.6	1.9	3.2	104,100	42,685	61,415	2.1	1.8	2.4
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	180	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	550	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,585	1,405	2,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,895	755	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	215	80	135	0.2	0.1	0.2	6,325	2,650	3,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,080	1,730	2,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	85	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	165	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,345	870	1,475	2.0	1.5	2.6	82,835	33,800	49,045	1.7	1.4	1.9
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	945	425	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	465	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	170	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	13,260	7,225	6,035	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	290	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,740	2,590	2,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,055	2,645	2,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,810	1,650	1,160	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,415	5,755	5,655	9.9	9.9	9.8	657,345	321,395	335,955	13.3	13.2	13.3
Albanian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	850	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	650	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,035	925	1,115	1.8	1.6	1.9	81,655	37,525	44,135	1.6	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	475	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	250	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	220	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,000	910	1,090	1.7	1.6	1.9	80,590	37,050	43,540	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,025	960	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,855	2,770	3,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	440	205	230	0.4	0.4	0.4	15,810	7,190	8,625	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	555	230	330	0.5	0.4	0.6	28,660	12,825	15,835	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	530	250	285	0.5	0.4	0.5	16,425	8,055	8,365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	805	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,805	3,255	3,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,665	3,855	3,815	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,275	1,475	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	430	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,120	3,120	4,000	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	225	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,105	585	520	1.0	1.0	0.9	84,375	39,695	44,675	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	715	380	335	0.6	0.7	0.6	53,255	24,820	28,435	1.1	1.0	1.1
German	665	350	315	0.6	0.6	0.5	50,695	23,575	27,125	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,330	1,130	1,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	240	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2	23,295	11,250	12,040	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,700	1,830	1,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	17,345	8,325	9,020	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,580	775	810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,530	3,465	4,060	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,625	1,700	1,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	720	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,175	940	1,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,545	2,925	2,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,235	1,180	1,050	1.9	2.0	1.8	368,635	184,325	184,310	7.4	7.6	7.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,305	660	645	1.1	1.1	1.1	306,465	153,205	153,260	6.2	6.3	6.1
Assamese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,765	2,640	2,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,250	4,130	4,120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	32,390	16,270	16,120	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,195	510	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	840	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,725	900	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	505	230	275	0.4	0.4	0.5	240,865	119,945	120,915	4.9	4.9	4.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	155	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	960	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,210	6,195	6,015	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	325	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	925	520	405	0.8	0.9	0.7	62,135	31,100	31,030	1.3	1.3	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	130	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,775	1,510	1,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	760	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	780	435	340	0.7	0.7	0.6	57,700	28,670	29,030	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dari	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,005	2,965	3,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	565	325	245	0.5	0.6	0.4	46,395	23,045	23,355	0.9	0.9	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,295	2,665	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,765	2,910	2,855	5.0	5.0	5.0	113,685	55,180	58,505	2.3	2.3	2.3
Catalan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,550	735	810	1.3	1.3	1.4	19,805	10,000	9,800	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	910	440	470	0.8	0.8	0.8	24,320	11,490	12,840	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,775	4,250	4,525	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,155	1,655	1,500	2.7	2.8	2.6	60,465	29,260	31,205	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	935	285	645	0.8	0.5	1.1	22,030	7,135	14,895	0.4	0.3	0.6
Korean	815	315	500	0.7	0.5	0.9	59,935	26,815	33,125	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mongolian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	185	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,910	2,455	2,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	300	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	170	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	520	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	305	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	360	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	215	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	120	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	560	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	500	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	16,855	7,465	9,395	14.6	12.8	16.3	419,855	189,740	230,115	8.5	7.8	9.1
Chinese languages	16,785	7,430	9,355	14.5	12.8	16.2	417,290	188,495	228,795	8.4	7.7	9.1
Hakka	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,080	895	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,425	975	1,450	2.1	1.7	2.5	205,205	91,455	113,750	4.1	3.8	4.5
Min Dong	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,780	5,240	6,540	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,200	1,405	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	13,690	6,155	7,540	11.8	10.6	13.1	192,140	88,195	103,945	3.9	3.6	4.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,560	1,155	1,405	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,485	1,205	1,280	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	485	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	305	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	215	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	165	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2	4,395	1,380	3,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	525	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,170	800	2,365	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,055	3,325	2,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	345	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	4,765	2,685	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,275	5,160	6,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	235	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,005	1,240	1,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,700	3,685	4,015	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,260	2,510	2,750	4.5	4.3	4.8	190,055	91,010	99,040	3.8	3.7	3.9
English and French	645	315	330	0.6	0.5	0.6	17,320	8,415	8,905	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	3,950	1,895	2,055	3.4	3.3	3.6	150,730	72,755	77,980	3.0	3.0	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,395	1,135	1,260	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,960	1,335	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	480	205	270	0.4	0.4	0.5	16,645	7,375	9,270	0.3	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,830	58,200	57,630	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,065	39,925	36,145	65.7	68.6	62.7	3,491,395	1,745,260	1,746,140	70.5	71.7	69.4
French	405	230	175	0.3	0.4	0.3	11,050	5,420	5,625	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	12,945	5,630	7,315	11.2	9.7	12.7	464,235	216,230	248,005	9.4	8.9	9.9
Indigenous³⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	320	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,915	5,615	7,305	11.1	9.6	12.7	463,590	215,910	247,685	9.4	8.9	9.8
English and French	1,820	890	935	1.6	1.5	1.6	42,645	19,975	22,670	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	22,485	10,555	11,930	19.4	18.1	20.7	880,090	419,520	460,570	17.8	17.2	18.3
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	480	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	650	320	330	0.6	0.5	0.6	21,610	9,790	11,820	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	1,435	640	800	1.2	1.1	1.4	39,565	17,910	21,660	0.8	0.7	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,830	58,200	57,630	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	111,025	55,910	55,115	95.9	96.1	95.6	4,753,615	2,340,025	2,413,590	96.0	96.1	95.9
Official languages	89,505	46,325	43,175	77.3	79.6	74.9	3,906,070	1,939,330	1,966,740	78.9	79.7	78.1
English	88,815	45,965	42,845	76.7	79.0	74.3	3,888,825	1,930,925	1,957,900	78.5	79.3	77.8
French	685	355	335	0.6	0.6	0.6	17,245	8,400	8,845	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	21,525	9,580	11,940	18.6	16.5	20.7	847,550	400,695	446,850	17.1	16.5	17.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	595	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	235	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	21,480	9,560	11,920	18.5	16.4	20.7	846,335	400,100	446,235	17.1	16.4	17.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	415	190	225	0.4	0.3	0.4	19,805	10,000	9,805	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	570	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	455	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	375	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4	18,605	9,405	9,195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	345	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3	13,845	6,995	6,850	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	545	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	290	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,030	535	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	975	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,840	860	980	1.6	1.5	1.7	21,705	9,915	11,790	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	360	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,815	850	965	1.6	1.5	1.7	20,890	9,535	11,350	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,605	610	995	1.4	1.0	1.7	54,720	24,615	30,105	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	260	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,735	780	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	390	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,280	1,480	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	675	700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	195	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,320	485	830	1.1	0.8	1.4	45,380	20,305	25,080	0.9	0.8	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	200	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,005	4,180	3,825	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,890	1,545	1,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,185	1,585	1,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	895	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,460	2,130	2,335	3.9	3.7	4.1	364,340	179,590	184,745	7.4	7.4	7.3
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	345	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	315	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	660	315	345	0.6	0.5	0.6	33,875	16,185	17,690	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	655	315	345	0.6	0.5	0.6	33,650	16,070	17,580	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	430	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,760	875	890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,250	2,470	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2	16,090	7,655	8,435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	6,745	3,270	3,480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,940	885	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,010	1,990	2,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,630	755	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,280	5,870	6,410	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,805	3,690	4,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,320	3,455	3,865	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	230	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,785	1,850	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,725	850	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	720	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	215	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	320	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	105	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	145	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1	1,915	900	1,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	950	455	495	0.8	0.8	0.9	263,030	130,695	132,330	5.3	5.4	5.3
Indo-Aryan languages	515	240	270	0.4	0.4	0.5	220,735	110,140	110,605	4.5	4.5	4.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,720	1,410	1,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,160	2,050	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	17,670	8,855	8,815	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	185	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	400	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	570	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	185	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2	184,065	91,825	92,240	3.7	3.8	3.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	940	445	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,235	4,095	4,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	435	210	220	0.4	0.4	0.4	42,285	20,560	21,725	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,765	900	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	490	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	360	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3	39,475	19,095	20,375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dari	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,690	1,785	1,900	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2	32,375	15,665	16,710	0.7	0.6	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1	3,405	1,640	1,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,660	1,250	1,410	2.3	2.1	2.4	51,830	25,240	26,590	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catalan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	630	250	380	0.5	0.4	0.7	4,475	1,930	2,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	475	215	265	0.4	0.4	0.5	12,670	6,055	6,615	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,620	1,740	1,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,505	760	745	1.3	1.3	1.3	30,960	15,455	15,500	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	400	155	245	0.3	0.3	0.4	10,220	4,190	6,035	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	380	160	220	0.3	0.3	0.4	45,525	20,925	24,600	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	705	780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	175	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,720	970	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	790	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	180	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,010	5,290	6,720	10.4	9.1	11.7	310,860	141,235	169,630	6.3	5.8	6.7
Chinese languages	11,970	5,275	6,695	10.3	9.1	11.6	309,165	140,385	168,780	6.2	5.8	6.7
Hakka	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	270	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,590	695	895	1.4	1.2	1.6	162,130	73,835	88,295	3.3	3.0	3.5
Min Dong	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,285	2,850	3,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,010	930	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	9,985	4,395	5,595	8.6	7.6	9.7	136,525	61,785	74,745	2.8	2.5	3.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,455	650	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	830	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	325	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	270	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	240	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	130	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,570	655	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	235	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	390	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,030	1,540	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,500	1,290	1,205	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,375	1,100	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	210	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	855	955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,810	2,290	2,515	4.2	3.9	4.4	198,040	94,560	103,480	4.0	3.9	4.1
English and French	355	195	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,210	3,415	3,800	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	4,270	2,020	2,255	3.7	3.5	3.9	183,010	87,560	95,445	3.7	3.6	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	245	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,525	735	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,760	2,605	3,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,830	58,200	57,630	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	93,525	47,735	45,790	80.7	82.0	79.5	4,130,200	2,045,235	2,084,970	83.4	84.0	82.8
English	6,560	3,045	3,520	5.7	5.2	6.1	304,845	147,605	157,245	6.2	6.1	6.2
French	1,315	635	685	1.1	1.1	1.2	34,575	15,995	18,575	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	11,870	5,560	6,310	10.2	9.6	10.9	379,250	176,935	202,310	7.7	7.3	8.0
Indigenous³⁹	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,140	2,360	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	11,725	5,495	6,225	10.1	9.4	10.8	374,105	174,580	199,525	7.6	7.2	7.9
English and French	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,740	1,245	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	910	410	495	0.8	0.7	0.9	46,940	22,760	24,175	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	410	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4	11,880	5,335	6,550	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	300	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,180	585	600	1.0	1.0	1.0	40,580	19,180	21,395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	113,805	56,750	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	106,720	53,985	52,735	93.8	95.1	92.4	4,754,865	2,350,105	2,404,760	96.7	97.2	96.2
English	106,660	53,950	52,705	93.7	95.1	92.4	4,753,275	2,349,445	2,403,835	96.7	97.2	96.2
French	12,295	5,650	6,650	10.8	10.0	11.7	327,350	145,985	181,370	6.7	6.0	7.3
Non-official languages	49,940	22,985	26,955	43.9	40.5	47.2	1,780,325	838,795	941,525	36.2	34.7	37.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	16,560	7,740	8,820	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,985	885	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,450	675	775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,425	660	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	195	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	745	360	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	175	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	160	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,540	1,580	1,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,490	1,570	1,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	675	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	395	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	80	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	100	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,145	2,450	2,695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	665	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	285	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	270	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	475	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	130	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	315	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,610	1,310	1,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	545	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	585	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	205	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	965	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	145	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	790	335	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	300	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	140	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	49,655	22,850	26,805	43.6	40.3	47.0	1,764,475	831,400	933,075	35.9	34.4	37.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,355	700	655	1.2	1.2	1.1	50,895	27,105	23,785	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	140	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	90	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	135	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,745	1,470	1,275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	500	280	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,215	1,180	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,280	660	620	1.1	1.2	1.1	48,405	25,830	22,570	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	100	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,100	1,605	1,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	915	470	445	0.8	0.8	0.8	35,595	19,250	16,355	0.7	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,270	1,165	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	495	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	190	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,995	3,570	3,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,435	1,890	1,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,335	1,605	1,730	2.9	2.8	3.0	44,030	19,965	24,070	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,210	1,020	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	3,275	1,585	1,690	2.9	2.8	3.0	41,975	19,020	22,950	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,525	1,795	2,730	4.0	3.2	4.8	148,455	61,285	87,165	3.0	2.5	3.5
Bikol	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	370	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	655	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2	5,995	2,485	3,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	500	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,135	1,215	1,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	465	185	275	0.4	0.3	0.5	11,285	4,555	6,725	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	235	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,810	3,175	3,640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	330	115	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	70	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	110	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,485	1,665	1,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	675	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	375	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,015	1,505	2,515	3.5	2.7	4.4	133,780	54,495	79,285	2.7	2.3	3.2
Waray-Waray	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	360	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,590	1,580	2,005	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	3,230	1,610	1,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	225	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	520	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	835	450	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	280	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3	20,585	11,060	9,530	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	885	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,765	3,705	3,060	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	185	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2	9,740	5,125	4,610	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,860	2,760	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	140	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,680	9,115	9,560	16.4	16.1	16.8	906,560	443,600	462,960	18.4	18.4	18.5
Albanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	1,045	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,600	765	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,525	1,195	1,335	2.2	2.1	2.3	101,395	47,765	53,630	2.1	2.0	2.1
Baltic languages	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,480	695	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	330	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	365	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,490	1,170	1,315	2.2	2.1	2.3	100,340	47,265	53,075	2.0	2.0	2.1
Belarusian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	140	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,475	1,190	1,285	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2	7,935	3,815	4,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	260	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	545	250	290	0.5	0.4	0.5	19,640	9,130	10,510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	865	370	490	0.8	0.7	0.9	42,390	19,800	22,590	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	670	350	325	0.6	0.6	0.6	21,625	10,790	10,835	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,150	1,540	1,605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	345	190	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	11,060	5,345	5,715	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	370	200	170	0.3	0.4	0.3	11,070	5,640	5,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	255	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,315	1,945	2,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	585	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	12,205	5,430	6,775	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,675	1,430	1,245	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	130	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,665	920	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	610	290	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	100	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,355	1,190	1,165	2.1	2.1	2.0	128,605	60,765	67,835	2.6	2.5	2.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	210	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,785	910	880	1.6	1.6	1.5	86,275	41,190	45,085	1.8	1.7	1.8
German	1,745	885	865	1.5	1.6	1.5	84,325	40,275	44,050	1.7	1.7	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1	3,030	1,415	1,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	395	205	185	0.3	0.4	0.3	34,480	16,520	17,965	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,755	5,050	4,705	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	265	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2	22,380	10,375	12,005	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	175	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	1,055	1,130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	275	145	135	0.2	0.3	0.2	12,425	5,520	6,910	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,950	2,235	2,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	130	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,125	1,420	1,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,730	2,125	2,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	135	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	325	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3	9,005	4,630	4,375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	3,480	1,770	1,705	3.1	3.1	3.0	477,485	240,310	237,175	9.7	9.9	9.5
Indo-Aryan languages	2,380	1,185	1,200	2.1	2.1	2.1	406,375	204,750	201,625	8.3	8.5	8.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	365	195	170	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,565	3,480	3,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,340	7,060	7,280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	1,110	555	560	1.0	1.0	1.0	134,950	67,645	67,300	2.7	2.8	2.7
Kacchi	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,925	1,295	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	400	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,555	1,910	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,445	1,270	1,180	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	855	395	460	0.8	0.7	0.8	315,000	158,625	156,375	6.4	6.6	6.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	350	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,440	1,630	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	350	225	125	0.3	0.4	0.2	25,780	13,590	12,190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	855	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,140	610	530	1.0	1.1	0.9	73,745	37,010	36,730	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,875	2,110	1,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	115	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,645	1,545	1,105	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	910	480	425	0.8	0.8	0.7	68,960	34,500	34,460	1.4	1.4	1.4
Dari	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,235	4,005	4,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	695	380	315	0.6	0.7	0.6	55,745	27,930	27,815	1.1	1.2	1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,780	2,995	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	135	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	135	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10,495	5,060	5,435	9.2	8.9	9.5	211,725	100,750	110,975	4.3	4.2	4.4
Catalan	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	565	270	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,335	1,055	1,285	2.1	1.9	2.3	36,370	17,200	19,170	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	1,385	700	685	1.2	1.2	1.2	33,005	16,050	16,955	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,210	5,470	5,745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	7,285	3,555	3,730	6.4	6.3	6.5	143,900	68,245	75,660	2.9	2.8	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	380	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,670	715	960	1.5	1.3	1.7	41,835	17,590	24,240	0.9	0.7	1.0
Korean	1,020	405	615	0.9	0.7	1.1	69,935	31,335	38,600	1.4	1.3	1.5
Mongolian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	250	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	270	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2	13,290	6,795	6,495	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	695	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	125	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	205	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	35	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	485	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	280	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	260	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	130	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,205	2,735	2,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	935	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,275	1,215	1,060	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	315	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	235	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2	7,965	3,150	4,815	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2	7,020	2,700	4,320	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	515	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	19,595	8,820	10,785	17.2	15.5	18.9	491,660	225,430	266,230	10.0	9.3	10.7
Chinese languages	19,540	8,785	10,755	17.2	15.5	18.8	488,465	223,825	264,650	9.9	9.3	10.6
Hakka	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,615	1,645	1,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	6,350	2,705	3,645	5.6	4.8	6.4	312,625	140,985	171,640	6.4	5.8	6.9
Min Dong	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	360	150	215	0.3	0.3	0.4	24,065	10,615	13,450	0.5	0.4	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	220	80	135	0.2	0.1	0.2	4,760	2,020	2,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	16,430	7,415	9,020	14.4	13.1	15.8	246,045	112,580	133,465	5.0	4.7	5.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,215	1,025	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,375	1,710	1,665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,730	870	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	130	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	375	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	340	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	320	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	150	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	305	115	190	0.3	0.2	0.3	6,725	2,635	4,085	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,635	735	900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	245	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3	5,310	1,960	3,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	10,910	5,605	5,305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	880	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	70	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	315	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3	9,230	4,805	4,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	135	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	125	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	13,510	6,345	7,165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	310	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,635	1,675	1,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	9,230	4,395	4,840	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,810	56,745	57,065	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,935	2,895	3,045	5.2	5.1	5.3	290,210	141,210	148,995	5.9	5.8	6.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,700	2,805	2,895	5.0	4.9	5.1	279,670	136,400	143,265	5.7	5.6	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,305	2,130	2,175	3.8	3.8	3.8	180,085	87,860	92,225	3.7	3.6	3.7
Métis	1,350	650	700	1.2	1.1	1.2	97,860	47,745	50,120	2.0	2.0	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,720	795	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,980	2,730	3,245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	140	45	95	0.1	0.1	0.2	4,560	2,075	2,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	107,875	53,850	54,020	94.8	94.9	94.7	4,625,735	2,275,675	2,350,060	94.1	94.2	94.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,810	56,745	57,065	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,435	1,640	1,795	3.0	2.9	3.1	136,875	66,610	70,265	2.8	2.8	2.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,375	55,105	55,270	97.0	97.1	96.9	4,779,065	2,350,275	2,428,790	97.2	97.2	97.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	22,510	...	...	39.4	...	...	1,363,190	...	...	66.8	...	...
Renter	34,650	...	...	60.6	...	...	669,450	...	...	32.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	9,190	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	16,790	...	...	29.4	...	...	482,755	...	...	23.6	...	...
Not condominium	40,370	...	...	70.6	...	...	1,559,075	...	...	76.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	4,285	...	...	7.5	...	...	30,855	...	...	1.5	...	...
1 bedroom	23,285	...	...	40.7	...	...	354,020	...	...	17.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,080	...	...	24.6	...	...	569,180	...	...	27.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,020	...	...	14.0	...	...	539,910	...	...	26.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	7,495	...	...	13.1	...	...	547,870	...	...	26.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	38,030	...	...	66.5	...	...	766,380	...	...	37.5	...	...
5 rooms	6,530	...	...	11.4	...	...	300,895	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,075	...	...	7.1	...	...	248,045	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	2,645	...	...	4.6	...	...	205,105	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,880	...	...	10.3	...	...	521,410	...	...	25.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	55,740	...	...	97.5	...	...	1,984,655	...	...	97.2	...	...
More than one person per room	1,420	...	...	2.5	...	...	57,180	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,080	...	...	92.9	...	...	1,919,140	...	...	94.0	...	...
Not suitable	4,080	...	...	7.1	...	...	122,700	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15,550	...	...	27.2	...	...	256,175	...	...	12.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,420	...	...	25.2	...	...	550,690	...	...	27.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,720	...	...	11.8	...	...	289,940	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,800	...	...	11.9	...	...	336,315	...	...	16.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,325	...	...	4.1	...	...	122,855	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,890	...	...	6.8	...	...	164,165	...	...	8.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,970	...	...	5.2	...	...	135,725	...	...	6.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,480	...	...	7.8	...	...	185,965	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	52,125	...	...	91.2	...	...	1,922,640	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,035	...	...	8.8	...	...	119,195	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	33,335	...	...	58.3	...	...	1,003,245	...	...	49.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,550	...	...	36.0	...	...	904,960	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,275	...	...	5.7	...	...	133,630	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,780	...	...	3.1	...	...	57,980	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	13,250	...	...	23.2	...	...	282,195	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	11,965	...	...	20.9	...	...	343,380	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,430	...	...	16.5	...	...	354,340	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,345	...	...	16.3	...	...	407,735	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,735	...	...	11.8	...	...	347,335	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,995	...	...	5.2	...	...	182,155	...	...	8.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,675	...	...	2.9	...	...	66,710	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	56,895	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,988,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,660	...	...	69.7	...	...	1,481,365	...	...	74.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	17,240	...	...	30.3	...	...	506,850	...	...	25.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	15,120	...	...	26.6	...	...	434,390	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	57,160	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	23,660	...	...	41.4	...	...	683,985	...	...	33.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,970	...	...	26.2	...	...	451,550	...	...	22.1	...	...
Not suitable only	2,835	...	...	5.0	...	...	89,300	...	...	4.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,240	...	...	5.7	...	...	80,200	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	815	...	...	1.4	...	...	23,945	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,370	...	...	2.4	...	...	29,585	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	340	...	...	0.6	...	...	7,640	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.1	...	...	1,770	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,505	...	...	58.6	...	...	1,357,845	...	...	66.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	54,780	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,915,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	11,890	...	...	21.7	...	...	257,090	...	...	13.4	...	...
Not in core need	42,885	...	...	78.3	...	...	1,658,665	...	...	86.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,515	...	...	...	...	...	1,330,795	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.8	...	...	58.8	...	...	57.5	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.3	...	...	23.3	...	...	19.3	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520	...	...	1,520	...	...	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,868	...	...	1,868	...	...	1,668	...	...	1,668	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,240,000	...	...	1,240,000	...	...	785,000	...	...	785,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,243,000	...	...	1,243,000	...	...	983,000	...	...	983,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	34,645	...	...	...	...	...	663,870	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	22.7	...	...	22.7	...	...	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	34.9	...	...	34.9	...	...	37.8	...	...	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.7	...	...	28.7	...	...	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,342	...	...	1,342	...	...	1,494	...	...	1,494	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	9,190	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	368	...	...	368	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	446	...	...	446	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	113,805	56,750	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,865	1,330	1,535	2.5	2.3	2.7	120,245	59,370	60,880	2.4	2.5	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,835	1,315	1,525	2.5	2.3	2.7	118,210	58,475	59,730	2.4	2.4	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,605	1,215	1,390	2.3	2.1	2.4	100,805	49,745	51,060	2.1	2.1	2.0
Métis single ancestry	200	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2	16,830	8,485	8,350	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	245	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,040	890	1,145	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,870	830	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,530	1,810	1,720	3.1	3.2	3.0	191,640	92,300	99,335	3.9	3.8	4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,445	1,765	1,680	3.0	3.1	2.9	184,975	89,155	95,825	3.8	3.7	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,545	1,310	1,240	2.2	2.3	2.2	123,735	59,635	64,100	2.5	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	860	435	425	0.8	0.8	0.7	59,905	28,840	31,070	1.2	1.2	1.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	680	655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,665	3,145	3,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,390	3,035	3,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	60	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	107,415	53,610	53,805	94.4	94.5	94.3	4,604,055	2,265,220	2,338,840	93.7	93.7	93.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	113,810	56,745	57,065	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	100,290	50,155	50,140	88.1	88.4	87.9	4,359,045	2,149,325	2,209,725	88.7	88.9	88.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,920	7,140	6,780	12.2	12.6	11.9	812,305	418,815	393,495	16.5	17.3	15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	86,370	43,015	43,355	75.9	75.8	76.0	3,546,745	1,730,505	1,816,235	72.1	71.6	72.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	13,520	6,595	6,920	11.9	11.6	12.1	556,895	267,560	289,330	11.3	11.1	11.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	113,810	56,745	57,065	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	70,885	36,435	34,450	62.3	64.2	60.4	3,319,230	1,663,815	1,655,410	67.5	68.8	66.2
Immigrants⁸¹	38,345	18,025	20,325	33.7	31.8	35.6	1,425,710	665,630	760,085	29.0	27.5	30.4
Before 1980	7,080	3,480	3,595	6.2	6.1	6.3	280,160	133,415	146,745	5.7	5.5	5.9
1980 to 1990	6,820	3,250	3,575	6.0	5.7	6.3	164,445	76,815	87,630	3.3	3.2	3.5
1991 to 2000	9,700	4,320	5,380	8.5	7.6	9.4	299,115	137,275	161,840	6.1	5.7	6.5
2001 to 2010	6,485	2,920	3,560	5.7	5.1	6.2	316,915	145,825	171,090	6.4	6.0	6.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	8,270	4,060	4,210	7.3	7.2	7.4	365,075	172,295	192,780	7.4	7.1	7.7
2011 to 2015	3,160	1,550	1,615	2.8	2.7	2.8	167,650	78,200	89,450	3.4	3.2	3.6
2016 to 2021	5,105	2,515	2,595	4.5	4.4	4.5	197,425	94,095	103,325	4.0	3.9	4.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	4,575	2,290	2,290	4.0	4.0	4.0	171,000	87,440	83,560	3.5	3.6	3.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	38,350	18,025	20,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,870	1,375	1,490	7.5	7.6	7.3	117,555	59,560	57,995	8.2	8.9	7.6
5 to 14 years	5,480	2,860	2,620	14.3	15.9	12.9	226,910	116,660	110,250	15.9	17.5	14.5
15 to 24 years	6,865	3,255	3,610	17.9	18.1	17.8	275,435	124,860	150,575	19.3	18.8	19.8
25 to 44 years	18,445	8,660	9,785	48.1	48.0	48.1	639,200	288,950	350,255	44.8	43.4	46.1
45 years and over	4,695	1,870	2,820	12.2	10.4	13.9	166,605	75,600	91,010	11.7	11.4	12.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	38,350	18,025	20,325	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	4,755	2,550	2,205	12.4	14.1	10.8	126,075	58,445	67,635	8.8	8.8	8.9
Brazil	355	175	175	0.9	1.0	0.9	8,765	4,120	4,645	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	235	115	120	0.6	0.6	0.6	5,450	2,440	3,010	0.4	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	285	165	125	0.7	0.9	0.6	5,770	2,990	2,780	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	75	50	30	0.2	0.3	0.1	1,400	585	815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1	490	285	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1	4,295	2,190	2,105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	710	430	275	1.9	2.4	1.4	13,385	5,910	7,480	0.9	0.9	1.0
Peru	160	95	65	0.4	0.5	0.3	3,510	1,535	1,975	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,725	1,255	1,470	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,915	1,020	900	5.0	5.7	4.4	59,920	27,535	32,380	4.2	4.1	4.3
Other places of birth in Americas	835	405	430	2.2	2.2	2.1	20,355	9,600	10,760	1.4	1.4	1.4
Europe	7,315	3,805	3,505	19.1	21.1	17.2	307,495	151,050	156,445	21.6	22.7	20.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	150	85	60	0.4	0.5	0.3	4,510	2,205	2,305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	155	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4	5,390	2,670	2,725	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	440	245	195	1.1	1.4	1.0	7,025	3,650	3,380	0.5	0.5	0.4
Germany	425	175	250	1.1	1.0	1.2	30,910	14,710	16,200	2.2	2.2	2.1
Greece	110	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.2	3,350	1,895	1,460	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	130	65	65	0.3	0.4	0.3	5,115	2,395	2,720	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	1,065	445	615	2.8	2.5	3.0	13,410	6,920	6,490	0.9	1.0	0.9
Netherlands	75	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1	16,070	7,985	8,085	1.1	1.2	1.1
Poland	365	165	195	1.0	0.9	1.0	14,305	6,610	7,700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portugal	240	120	120	0.6	0.7	0.6	7,785	3,765	4,020	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romania	130	70	60	0.3	0.4	0.3	9,370	4,490	4,885	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian Federation	335	120	220	0.9	0.7	1.1	12,170	5,240	6,930	0.9	0.8	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	140	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.3	4,565	2,275	2,285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	180	80	95	0.5	0.4	0.5	9,450	4,390	5,060	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,075	1,235	835	5.4	6.9	4.1	116,525	58,485	58,045	8.2	8.8	7.6
Other places of birth in Europe	1,305	740	565	3.4	4.1	2.8	47,545	23,380	24,170	3.3	3.5	3.2
Africa	1,115	595	525	2.9	3.3	2.6	53,330	27,245	26,085	3.7	4.1	3.4
Algeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	510	325	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,005	540	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1	3,310	1,900	1,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	60	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,485	1,440	1,050	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,590	1,305	1,285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	40	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,270	610	655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	3,585	1,880	1,700	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somalia	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	1,240	625	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	320	150	170	0.8	0.8	0.8	15,380	7,710	7,670	1.1	1.2	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	430	220	205	1.1	1.2	1.0	21,955	10,905	11,050	1.5	1.6	1.5
Asia	24,350	10,655	13,695	63.5	59.1	67.4	905,585	412,460	493,125	63.5	62.0	64.9
Afghanistan	75	30	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,245	3,065	3,185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	530	305	230	1.4	1.7	1.1	45,970	23,175	22,795	3.2	3.5	3.0
Iraq	100	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2	7,000	3,750	3,245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Lebanon	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,455	1,390	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	305	125	185	0.8	0.7	0.9	6,545	3,420	3,130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Turkey	95	50	45	0.2	0.3	0.2	3,095	1,690	1,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	9,145	3,940	5,205	23.8	21.9	25.6	217,970	94,905	123,065	15.3	14.3	16.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,500	1,175	1,330	6.5	6.5	6.5	78,855	36,815	42,035	5.5	5.5	5.5
Korea, South⁹²	585	200	385	1.5	1.1	1.9	47,520	21,345	26,180	3.3	3.2	3.4
Taiwan	460	175	285	1.2	1.0	1.4	40,445	18,100	22,340	2.8	2.7	2.9
Philippines	3,995	1,525	2,470	10.4	8.5	12.2	131,645	54,350	77,300	9.2	8.2	10.2
Viet Nam	3,035	1,455	1,580	7.9	8.1	7.8	32,390	14,475	17,915	2.3	2.2	2.4
Bangladesh	200	95	105	0.5	0.5	0.5	3,035	1,520	1,520	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	850	460	395	2.2	2.6	1.9	197,115	96,630	100,480	13.8	14.5	13.2
Pakistan	135	90	45	0.4	0.5	0.2	13,345	6,910	6,430	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	165	75	90	0.4	0.4	0.4	5,375	2,595	2,775	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	2,130	885	1,245	5.6	4.9	6.1	66,580	28,320	38,260	4.7	4.3	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	815	420	395	2.1	2.3	1.9	33,225	16,430	16,800	2.3	2.5	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,105	2,510	2,595	100.0	100.0	100.0	197,420	94,095	103,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,190	600	595	23.3	23.9	22.9	22,835	10,990	11,850	11.6	11.7	11.5
Brazil	235	120	115	4.6	4.8	4.4	5,130	2,430	2,695	2.6	2.6	2.6
Colombia	40	20	20	0.8	0.8	0.8	1,075	495	580	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	515	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	195	120	75	3.8	4.8	2.9	3,045	1,450	1,595	1.5	1.5	1.5
United States of America	555	270	280	10.9	10.8	10.8	8,760	4,325	4,430	4.4	4.6	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	0	25	0.5	0.0	1.0	530	205	330	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	130	65	65	2.5	2.6	2.5	3,265	1,545	1,720	1.7	1.6	1.7
Europe	1,275	670	610	25.0	26.7	23.5	25,290	13,375	11,920	12.8	14.2	11.5
France	140	80	60	2.7	3.2	2.3	1,730	935	795	0.9	1.0	0.8
Germany	95	40	60	1.9	1.6	2.3	1,380	680	705	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	195	125	70	3.8	5.0	2.7	2,420	1,485	935	1.2	1.6	0.9
Italy	35	10	25	0.7	0.4	1.0	995	555	445	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	95	25	75	1.9	1.0	2.9	2,075	835	1,235	1.1	0.9	1.2
Ukraine	40	15	30	0.8	0.6	1.2	1,935	885	1,045	1.0	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	440	270	170	8.6	10.8	6.6	7,675	4,510	3,165	3.9	4.8	3.1
Other places of birth in Europe	230	105	125	4.5	4.2	4.8	7,090	3,490	3,605	3.6	3.7	3.5
Africa	230	140	90	4.5	5.6	3.5	10,465	5,545	4,915	5.3	5.9	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	35	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	205	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0	610	350	255	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eritrea	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0	1,515	935	585	0.8	1.0	0.6
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	340	275	0.3	0.4	0.3
Morocco	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	275	115	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,770	925	845	0.9	1.0	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	40	15	25	0.8	0.6	1.0	1,965	945	1,015	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	35	20	15	0.7	0.8	0.6	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	65	35	25	1.3	1.4	1.0	2,420	1,245	1,180	1.2	1.3	1.1
Asia	2,135	940	1,190	41.8	37.5	45.9	134,395	61,590	72,805	68.1	65.5	70.5
Afghanistan	30	15	10	0.6	0.6	0.4	1,325	700	625	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4	655	340	315	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	350	125	230	6.9	5.0	8.9	31,450	13,060	18,390	15.9	13.9	17.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	20	10	0.5	0.8	0.4	2,515	1,125	1,390	1.3	1.2	1.3
India	260	160	95	5.1	6.4	3.7	39,390	20,140	19,245	20.0	21.4	18.6
Iran⁸⁸	60	25	30	1.2	1.0	1.2	5,850	2,865	2,980	3.0	3.0	2.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	840	705	0.8	0.9	0.7
Israel	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	605	365	240	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japan	125	30	90	2.4	1.2	3.5	2,090	500	1,590	1.1	0.5	1.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	200	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	130	40	90	2.5	1.6	3.5	7,220	2,935	4,280	3.7	3.1	4.1
Lebanon	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	395	175	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	195	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	30	20	0	0.6	0.8	0.0	2,390	1,300	1,090	1.2	1.4	1.1
Philippines	390	165	220	7.6	6.6	8.5	21,220	9,170	12,055	10.7	9.7	11.7
Saudi Arabia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	565	340	230	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sri Lanka	55	20	35	1.1	0.8	1.3	710	330	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	275	120	155	5.4	4.8	6.0	4,955	2,635	2,320	2.5	2.8	2.2
Turkey	40	25	15	0.8	1.0	0.6	1,025	615	410	0.5	0.7	0.4
United Arab Emirates	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4	620	305	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	120	45	65	2.4	1.8	2.5	2,845	995	1,850	1.4	1.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	190	95	95	3.7	3.8	3.7	6,215	2,450	3,770	3.1	2.6	3.6
Oceania and other⁹³	270	165	105	5.3	6.6	4.0	4,440	2,600	1,840	2.2	2.8	1.8
Australia	190	125	65	3.7	5.0	2.5	3,280	1,965	1,315	1.7	2.1	1.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	80	40	40	1.6	1.6	1.5	1,160	630	530	0.6	0.7	0.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	113,810	56,745	57,065	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	44,660	21,120	23,540	39.2	37.2	41.3	1,657,625	783,205	874,415	33.7	32.4	35.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	30,095	15,310	14,790	26.4	27.0	25.9	1,068,600	536,615	531,985	21.7	22.2	21.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	39,050	20,315	18,740	34.3	35.8	32.8	2,189,720	1,097,065	1,092,655	44.5	45.4	43.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	31,270	14,545	16,730	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	15,005	7,205	7,795	48.0	49.5	46.6	661,395	320,875	340,525	57.7	60.3	55.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	7,480	3,910	3,565	23.9	26.9	21.3	273,695	157,230	116,470	23.9	29.5	19.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	7,530	3,295	4,230	24.1	22.7	25.3	387,700	163,640	224,055	33.8	30.7	36.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	11,630	4,795	6,835	37.2	33.0	40.9	372,185	152,795	219,390	32.5	28.7	35.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,060	2,275	1,785	13.0	15.6	10.7	97,720	52,250	45,470	8.5	9.8	7.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	580	270	310	1.9	1.9	1.9	14,250	6,295	7,960	1.2	1.2	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	31,270	14,545	16,730	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,245	735	505	4.0	5.1	3.0	27,320	15,640	11,685	2.4	2.9	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,110	2,290	2,820	16.3	15.7	16.9	138,760	59,130	79,630	12.1	11.1	13.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	900	435	460	2.9	3.0	2.7	40,690	20,075	20,615	3.6	3.8	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,245	1,020	1,225	7.2	7.0	7.3	71,860	33,525	38,335	6.3	6.3	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	95	70	25	0.3	0.5	0.1	5,145	2,030	3,110	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	21,670	9,985	11,680	69.3	68.6	69.8	861,775	401,815	459,965	75.2	75.5	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	113,805	56,745	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	49,245	23,215	26,035	43.3	40.9	45.6	1,689,490	810,165	879,325	34.4	33.5	35.2
South Asian	3,850	1,885	1,965	3.4	3.3	3.4	473,965	240,475	233,495	9.6	9.9	9.3
Chinese	22,790	10,620	12,165	20.0	18.7	21.3	550,590	257,590	293,000	11.2	10.7	11.7
Black	2,165	1,150	1,020	1.9	2.0	1.8	61,760	31,965	29,790	1.3	1.3	1.2
Filipino	5,170	2,165	3,000	4.5	3.8	5.3	174,280	76,070	98,210	3.5	3.1	3.9
Arab	765	380	385	0.7	0.7	0.7	28,010	15,015	12,995	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	3,330	1,820	1,510	2.9	3.2	2.6	65,970	31,960	34,015	1.3	1.3	1.4
Southeast Asian	4,100	1,975	2,125	3.6	3.5	3.7	71,785	33,340	38,445	1.5	1.4	1.5
West Asian	945	500	445	0.8	0.9	0.8	69,270	34,800	34,470	1.4	1.4	1.4
Korean	1,150	455	690	1.0	0.8	1.2	72,815	33,390	39,425	1.5	1.4	1.6
Japanese	1,660	645	1,015	1.5	1.1	1.8	44,120	18,335	25,790	0.9	0.8	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	610	330	280	0.5	0.6	0.5	18,080	8,935	9,145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	2,710	1,290	1,420	2.4	2.3	2.5	58,840	28,295	30,540	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	64,560	33,530	31,030	56.7	59.1	54.4	3,226,450	1,606,725	1,619,730	65.6	66.5	64.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	113,805	56,745	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,890	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,865	3,720	3,145	6.0	6.6	5.5	459,320	236,305	223,015	9.3	9.8	8.9
English	18,395	9,445	8,950	16.2	16.6	15.7	1,019,250	499,340	519,910	20.7	20.7	20.8
Irish	14,735	7,465	7,265	12.9	13.2	12.7	627,920	297,705	330,215	12.8	12.3	13.2
Scottish	16,345	8,315	8,030	14.4	14.7	14.1	774,455	376,280	398,170	15.8	15.6	15.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,285	3,715	3,570	6.4	6.5	6.3	312,750	150,460	162,290	6.4	6.2	6.5
German	10,445	4,890	5,560	9.2	8.6	9.7	539,145	263,480	275,665	11.0	10.9	11.0
Chinese	23,115	10,760	12,355	20.3	19.0	21.7	517,805	242,015	275,785	10.5	10.0	11.0
Italian	5,965	2,865	3,095	5.2	5.0	5.4	162,485	81,275	81,205	3.3	3.4	3.2
Indian (India)	2,325	1,130	1,195	2.0	2.0	2.1	275,975	138,885	137,090	5.6	5.7	5.5
Ukrainian	4,460	2,110	2,350	3.9	3.7	4.1	210,100	102,030	108,065	4.3	4.2	4.3
Dutch	3,140	1,675	1,465	2.8	3.0	2.6	189,985	94,390	95,600	3.9	3.9	3.8
Polish	3,315	1,530	1,785	2.9	2.7	3.1	134,635	63,780	70,850	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,240	3,120	3,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,625	2,260	2,365	4.1	4.0	4.1	191,025	94,050	96,980	3.9	3.9	3.9
Filipino	5,625	2,385	3,250	4.9	4.2	5.7	172,915	75,990	96,930	3.5	3.1	3.9
French Canadian	935	470	465	0.8	0.8	0.8	39,930	19,400	20,535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,215	1,185	1,020	1.9	2.1	1.8	82,175	42,475	39,700	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,285	1,105	1,180	2.0	1.9	2.1	105,005	51,270	53,735	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis	1,175	575	600	1.0	1.0	1.1	85,205	41,265	43,930	1.7	1.7	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,760	1,440	1,320	2.4	2.5	2.3	102,475	51,755	50,715	2.1	2.1	2.0
Russian	2,705	1,250	1,450	2.4	2.2	2.5	121,755	58,460	63,295	2.5	2.4	2.5
Norwegian	2,385	1,195	1,190	2.1	2.1	2.1	137,170	65,790	71,385	2.8	2.7	2.9
Welsh	2,195	1,080	1,115	1.9	1.9	2.0	104,225	49,190	55,035	2.1	2.0	2.2
Portuguese	1,330	655	670	1.2	1.2	1.2	39,755	19,465	20,290	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	1,490	750	740	1.3	1.3	1.3	71,530	34,865	36,660	1.5	1.4	1.5
Spanish	1,975	1,015	965	1.7	1.8	1.7	54,365	25,030	29,335	1.1	1.0	1.2
Swedish	2,010	960	1,045	1.8	1.7	1.8	103,630	48,520	55,115	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hungarian	1,200	615	590	1.1	1.1	1.0	51,915	25,060	26,855	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	305	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3	7,025	3,455	3,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	300	185	110	0.3	0.3	0.2	19,050	9,780	9,275	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	635	315	320	0.6	0.6	0.6	18,520	9,370	9,150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	1,920	1,005	920	1.7	1.8	1.6	34,395	17,265	17,135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	315	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.3	93,395	47,650	45,740	1.9	2.0	1.8
Vietnamese	3,780	1,815	1,960	3.3	3.2	3.4	51,890	24,430	27,455	1.1	1.0	1.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	290	185	105	0.3	0.3	0.2	12,590	6,755	5,840	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	780	415	365	0.7	0.7	0.6	23,300	11,910	11,390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	360	210	145	0.3	0.4	0.3	9,865	5,140	4,725	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,490	740	750	1.3	1.3	1.3	47,650	22,170	25,480	1.0	0.9	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	605	285	320	0.5	0.5	0.6	24,875	11,715	13,160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	1,220	500	720	1.1	0.9	1.3	72,025	33,110	38,915	1.5	1.4	1.6
Romanian	615	295	320	0.5	0.5	0.6	30,195	14,590	15,605	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2	8,440	4,310	4,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	715	380	335	0.6	0.7	0.6	49,390	24,720	24,675	1.0	1.0	1.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	265	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2	13,865	6,995	6,870	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,055	460	595	0.9	0.8	1.0	54,865	26,740	28,130	1.1	1.1	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	815	395	420	0.7	0.7	0.7	24,140	11,670	12,470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	69,100	35,355	33,750	1.4	1.5	1.4
Austrian	895	455	440	0.8	0.8	0.8	45,280	21,810	23,465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgian	495	245	250	0.4	0.4	0.4	19,505	9,395	10,110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,215	640	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	255	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2	19,405	10,140	9,265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	1,405	700	705	1.2	1.2	1.2	28,445	14,140	14,305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	565	290	275	0.5	0.5	0.5	20,925	10,530	10,395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	635	280	360	0.6	0.5	0.6	28,520	13,995	14,525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	750	380	370	0.7	0.7	0.6	33,680	16,290	17,390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	265	105	165	0.2	0.2	0.3	6,440	3,210	3,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	840	410	425	0.7	0.7	0.7	23,750	11,645	12,100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	1,995	790	1,205	1.8	1.4	2.1	54,640	23,430	31,215	1.1	1.0	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2	20,125	9,935	10,190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,840	2,340	2,500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	635	325	315	0.6	0.6	0.6	30,950	14,970	15,980	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,220	4,150	4,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1	5,810	3,125	2,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	535	305	225	0.5	0.5	0.4	11,730	5,675	6,055	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,380	1,835	1,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	610	285	325	0.5	0.5	0.6	25,910	12,770	13,135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	325	180	140	0.3	0.3	0.2	7,315	3,555	3,760	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,020	980	1,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	550	245	310	0.5	0.4	0.5	22,425	10,920	11,505	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	275	105	170	0.2	0.2	0.3	6,550	3,350	3,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,420	1,240	1,180	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,605	4,725	4,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	165	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1	4,515	2,250	2,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	380	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.4	12,660	6,575	6,080	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	170	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1	5,145	2,565	2,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	4,530	2,415	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	830	350	480	0.7	0.6	0.8	30,020	14,470	15,550	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ontarian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,315	1,570	1,750	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	19,155	9,840	9,315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	205	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,120	2,075	2,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	410	210	200	0.4	0.4	0.4	8,070	4,185	3,895	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,120	1,005	1,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,740	1,930	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	915	545	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	490	230	260	0.4	0.4	0.5	12,435	6,005	6,430	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,110	2,075	2,040	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	125	85	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,040	2,075	1,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	310	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3	11,565	5,520	6,045	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	405	165	235	0.4	0.3	0.4	11,810	5,340	6,470	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	60	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	2,665	1,460	1,205	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	510	240	270	0.4	0.4	0.5	37,530	17,430	20,100	0.8	0.7	0.8
Iraqi	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1	4,590	2,350	2,240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,580	3,285	3,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,640	805	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	365	145	220	0.3	0.3	0.4	10,735	5,070	5,670	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,140	2,630	2,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,715	1,245	1,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	965	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,855	835	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	215	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,330	3,450	3,885	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	290	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3	13,965	6,930	7,035	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	530	270	260	0.5	0.5	0.5	18,505	9,575	8,925	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,750	1,470	1,280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	300	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.2	6,220	3,100	3,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	65	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,500	780	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1	2,015	885	1,125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,720	1,275	1,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3	5,295	2,430	2,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,260	1,975	2,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	720	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,350	1,545	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	370	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,180	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	65	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,750	1,340	1,420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	65	55	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,235	605	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,340	2,485	2,855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,865	3,860	4,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	430	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,670	1,335	1,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,245	1,230	1,015	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,535	790	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,645	1,850	1,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,355	1,205	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,545	2,955	3,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,720	1,785	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,430	1,690	1,735	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,670	905	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,950	985	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	235	140	95	0.2	0.2	0.2	4,500	2,320	2,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2	5,580	2,605	2,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	285	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,285	2,660	2,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	85	70	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,770	895	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,785	1,910	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,835	810	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	70	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,860	2,450	2,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,370	745	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	220	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,415	1,320	1,095	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3	8,440	3,890	4,550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,485	1,160	1,320	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,765	2,115	2,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,550	2,245	2,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,445	2,660	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	260	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2	20,450	10,360	10,085	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,135	545	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	155	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,625	1,260	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,695	2,200	2,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,375	1,830	1,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.3	16,120	7,710	8,410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,370	4,345	4,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	2,695	1,480	1,210	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	445	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	190	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2	5,745	2,120	3,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	415	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,305	1,130	1,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	415	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	445	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,610	1,250	1,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	505	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,015	1,025	990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	135	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	655	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,285	640	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	300	175	130	0.3	0.3	0.2	7,840	3,965	3,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	945	460	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	185	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	660	995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	255	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3	5,420	2,535	2,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	715	360	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	450	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,890	1,400	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	165	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2	2,950	1,390	1,565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	505	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,830	830	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	845	445	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	430	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	180	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	660	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	95	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,890	880	1,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	565	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,215	1,050	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	465	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	855	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	160	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	635	320	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	520	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	420	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	605	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,855	960	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,500	760	740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	2,920	1,345	1,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	95	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	200	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,540	705	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	485	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	740	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	55	30	35	0.0	0.1	0.1	935	495	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	465	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,625	1,255	1,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	365	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	355	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	615	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,225	1,120	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,955	890	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,145	510	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	320	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	945	470	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	390	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,165	620	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	290	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	40	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	260	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,330	590	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	110	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	340	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,205	600	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,075	485	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	260	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	155	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1	2,630	1,165	1,460	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	520	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	335	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	570	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	113,805	56,745	57,060	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	4,615	1,870	2,750	4.1	3.3	4.8	83,860	35,040	48,825	1.7	1.4	2.0
Christian	29,880	14,045	15,830	26.3	24.8	27.7	1,684,870	766,705	918,165	34.3	31.7	36.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,665	3,055	3,605	5.9	5.4	6.3	434,920	203,070	231,850	8.8	8.4	9.3
Anabaptist	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	21,275	10,210	11,065	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	1,535	790	745	1.3	1.4	1.3	137,485	59,595	77,885	2.8	2.5	3.1
Baptist	700	305	395	0.6	0.5	0.7	57,265	25,770	31,495	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	15,660	7,485	8,175	13.8	13.2	14.3	588,140	272,340	315,805	12.0	11.3	12.6
Christian Orthodox	1,035	490	545	0.9	0.9	1.0	45,135	21,835	23,300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3	25,715	11,245	14,470	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,875	5,795	7,075	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	440	200	245	0.4	0.4	0.4	46,395	20,205	26,185	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,290	3,295	3,995	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	570	270	300	0.5	0.5	0.5	41,140	18,550	22,585	0.8	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	230	85	140	0.2	0.1	0.2	28,040	12,260	15,780	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0	12,455	6,050	6,400	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	980	375	610	0.9	0.7	1.1	129,000	51,815	77,185	2.6	2.1	3.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,300	625	675	1.1	1.1	1.2	97,745	44,660	53,085	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hindu	1,000	460	540	0.9	0.8	0.9	81,320	42,070	39,245	1.7	1.7	1.6
Jewish	1,335	640	690	1.2	1.1	1.2	26,850	12,980	13,870	0.5	0.5	0.6
Muslim	2,380	1,185	1,190	2.1	2.1	2.1	125,915	63,375	62,535	2.6	2.6	2.5
Sikh	610	290	325	0.5	0.5	0.6	290,870	145,740	145,130	5.9	6.0	5.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	250	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3	11,570	5,495	6,075	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,710	755	950	1.5	1.3	1.7	51,440	20,890	30,555	1.0	0.9	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	72,030	37,395	34,635	63.3	65.9	60.7	2,559,250	1,324,585	1,234,660	52.1	54.8	49.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	112,815	56,255	56,560	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,875,955	2,396,280	2,479,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,585	46,895	46,690	83.0	83.4	82.5	4,169,710	2,050,165	2,119,540	85.5	85.6	85.5
Movers	19,235	9,365	9,870	17.1	16.6	17.5	706,245	346,115	360,130	14.5	14.4	14.5
Non-migrants	13,630	6,560	7,075	12.1	11.7	12.5	395,215	193,080	202,135	8.1	8.1	8.2
Migrants	5,600	2,810	2,795	5.0	5.0	4.9	311,030	153,035	157,990	6.4	6.4	6.4
Internal migrants	4,085	2,030	2,055	3.6	3.6	3.6	251,245	123,785	127,455	5.2	5.2	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,725	1,355	1,370	2.4	2.4	2.4	187,990	92,090	95,900	3.9	3.8	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,360	675	685	1.2	1.2	1.2	63,250	31,695	31,555	1.3	1.3	1.3
External migrants	1,520	780	740	1.3	1.4	1.3	59,785	29,250	30,535	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	109,525	54,665	54,860	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,699,740	2,305,755	2,393,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	60,570	30,015	30,550	55.3	54.9	55.7	2,639,500	1,292,175	1,347,330	56.2	56.0	56.3
Movers	48,955	24,650	24,305	44.7	45.1	44.3	2,060,245	1,013,590	1,046,655	43.8	44.0	43.7
Non-migrants	26,175	13,235	12,940	23.9	24.2	23.6	757,040	372,900	384,135	16.1	16.2	16.0
Migrants	22,785	11,420	11,365	20.8	20.9	20.7	1,303,200	640,680	662,520	27.7	27.8	27.7
Internal migrants	15,325	7,640	7,685	14.0	14.0	14.0	1,016,025	498,920	517,105	21.6	21.6	21.6
Intraprovincial migrants	10,065	4,965	5,100	9.2	9.1	9.3	799,455	390,525	408,935	17.0	16.9	17.1
Interprovincial migrants	5,260	2,675	2,590	4.8	4.9	4.7	216,565	108,395	108,170	4.6	4.7	4.5
External migrants	7,460	3,780	3,680	6.8	6.9	6.7	287,175	141,765	145,415	6.1	6.1	6.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	101,475	50,480	50,995	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,325	7,735	7,595	15.1	15.3	14.9	643,330	341,470	301,860	15.3	16.7	14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,145	42,745	43,400	84.9	84.7	85.1	3,557,095	1,706,925	1,850,170	84.7	83.3	86.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,000	37,465	37,540	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,860	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,660	3,700	2,960	8.9	9.9	7.9	259,010	148,785	110,220	9.6	11.3	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	68,350	33,765	34,585	91.1	90.1	92.1	2,432,850	1,164,475	1,268,375	90.4	88.7	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	101,475	50,480	50,995	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,045	6,985	7,060	13.8	13.8	13.8	565,665	292,000	273,665	13.5	14.3	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,010	13,575	11,430	24.6	26.9	22.4	1,238,000	610,685	627,320	29.5	29.8	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	62,420	29,920	32,500	61.5	59.3	63.7	2,396,755	1,145,715	1,251,040	57.1	55.9	58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,505	12,095	11,410	23.2	24.0	22.4	1,197,050	598,425	598,620	28.5	29.2	27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,360	3,635	1,720	5.3	7.2	3.4	323,635	243,815	79,815	7.7	11.9	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,815	1,575	1,240	2.8	3.1	2.4	133,020	78,330	54,685	3.2	3.8	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,540	2,060	480	2.5	4.1	0.9	190,615	165,490	25,130	4.5	8.1	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,795	6,980	7,815	14.6	13.8	15.3	711,810	289,555	422,255	16.9	14.1	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,355	1,485	1,875	3.3	2.9	3.7	161,600	65,055	96,545	3.8	3.2	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	38,915	17,825	21,090	38.3	35.3	41.4	1,199,710	547,285	652,420	28.6	26.7	30.3
Bachelor's degree	25,480	11,975	13,505	25.1	23.7	26.5	775,145	347,145	427,995	18.5	16.9	19.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,485	1,035	1,450	2.4	2.1	2.8	84,000	34,915	49,085	2.0	1.7	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	700	325	370	0.7	0.6	0.7	32,985	18,045	14,945	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	8,855	3,730	5,130	8.7	7.4	10.1	264,145	121,485	142,660	6.3	5.9	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,395	765	630	1.4	1.5	1.2	43,440	25,700	17,740	1.0	1.3	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,000	37,460	37,540	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,860	1,313,260	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,820	3,230	2,590	7.8	8.6	6.9	216,660	122,720	93,935	8.0	9.3	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,915	8,975	6,945	21.2	24.0	18.5	694,785	358,700	336,090	25.8	27.3	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	53,270	25,260	28,005	71.0	67.4	74.6	1,780,415	831,840	948,575	66.1	63.3	68.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,705	9,550	9,160	24.9	25.5	24.4	838,680	416,930	421,745	31.2	31.7	30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,105	2,700	1,405	5.5	7.2	3.7	217,350	164,860	52,495	8.1	12.6	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,175	1,150	1,025	2.9	3.1	2.7	88,765	52,645	36,115	3.3	4.0	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,930	1,550	380	2.6	4.1	1.0	128,590	112,210	16,375	4.8	8.5	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,040	5,740	6,300	16.1	15.3	16.8	507,405	206,015	301,390	18.8	15.7	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,560	1,110	1,450	3.4	3.0	3.9	113,915	46,055	67,865	4.2	3.5	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,560	15,710	18,850	46.1	41.9	50.2	941,735	414,910	526,830	35.0	31.6	38.2
Bachelor's degree	22,525	10,545	11,975	30.0	28.2	31.9	610,735	267,470	343,270	22.7	20.4	24.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,175	900	1,270	2.9	2.4	3.4	63,310	25,280	38,030	2.4	1.9	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	620	275	345	0.8	0.7	0.9	24,675	11,985	12,690	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	8,030	3,325	4,705	10.7	8.9	12.5	212,745	93,655	119,090	7.9	7.1	8.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,210	660	545	1.6	1.8	1.5	30,275	16,520	13,755	1.1	1.3	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	101,475	50,480	50,995	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,050	20,560	18,495	38.5	40.7	36.3	1,803,665	902,685	900,990	42.9	44.1	41.9
Education	2,915	815	2,100	2.9	1.6	4.1	158,060	37,395	120,670	3.8	1.8	5.6
13. Education	2,915	815	2,100	2.9	1.6	4.1	158,060	37,395	120,670	3.8	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,770	3,780	3,990	7.7	7.5	7.8	109,100	46,770	62,330	2.6	2.3	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	840	600	235	0.8	1.2	0.5	13,390	9,570	3,815	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	6,930	3,185	3,750	6.8	6.3	7.4	95,715	37,200	58,510	2.3	1.8	2.7
Humanities	4,710	1,980	2,735	4.6	3.9	5.4	143,340	55,460	87,875	3.4	2.7	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	470	125	340	0.5	0.2	0.7	16,850	3,705	13,145	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	1,640	580	1,060	1.6	1.1	2.1	35,465	10,360	25,105	0.8	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,175	485	690	1.2	1.0	1.4	48,620	19,020	29,605	1.2	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,860	1,075	1,780	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	380	215	170	0.4	0.4	0.3	7,705	4,630	3,075	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	275	150	120	0.3	0.3	0.2	12,220	7,385	4,835	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	585	350	235	0.6	0.7	0.5	16,035	8,595	7,450	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1	3,580	695	2,880	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,435	4,100	6,340	10.3	8.1	12.4	288,970	102,380	186,590	6.9	5.0	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	330	75	255	0.3	0.1	0.5	5,140	1,360	3,780	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,925	770	1,155	1.9	1.5	2.3	31,375	11,580	19,795	0.7	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	790	100	690	0.8	0.2	1.4	39,140	3,530	35,610	0.9	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,525	740	785	1.5	1.5	1.5	44,255	15,575	28,680	1.1	0.8	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	365	135	225	0.4	0.3	0.4	6,625	2,525	4,105	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,730	515	1,220	1.7	1.0	2.4	52,080	13,955	38,125	1.2	0.7	1.8
45. Social sciences	3,780	1,765	2,020	3.7	3.5	4.0	110,350	53,860	56,495	2.6	2.6	2.6
Business, management and public administration	11,085	4,815	6,265	10.9	9.5	12.3	493,290	201,060	292,230	11.7	9.8	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	220	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	895	235	660	0.9	0.5	1.3	30,855	6,685	24,175	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,175	4,570	5,600	10.0	9.1	11.0	461,790	194,160	267,625	11.0	9.5	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,060	1,540	1,520	3.0	3.1	3.0	106,515	54,495	52,015	2.5	2.7	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,435	620	815	1.4	1.2	1.6	44,910	19,580	25,330	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	650	275	375	0.6	0.5	0.7	25,655	12,030	13,620	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,880	665	1,220	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	820	580	240	0.8	1.1	0.5	30,600	21,085	9,515	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,470	1,140	2,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,955	2,070	885	2.9	4.1	1.7	105,555	69,245	36,310	2.5	3.4	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,240	1,770	470	2.2	3.5	0.9	83,795	58,985	24,810	2.0	2.9	1.2
25. Library science	285	45	235	0.3	0.1	0.5	6,145	865	5,280	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	340	205	140	0.3	0.4	0.3	13,030	7,715	5,320	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,580	1,680	900	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,725	7,245	1,480	8.6	14.4	2.9	458,590	409,460	49,135	10.9	20.0	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	1,190	665	530	1.2	1.3	1.0	19,025	11,490	7,535	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	2,960	2,370	590	2.9	4.7	1.2	119,995	96,730	23,260	2.9	4.7	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,475	1,310	170	1.5	2.6	0.3	83,585	73,495	10,085	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,605	1,495	105	1.6	3.0	0.2	104,445	101,120	3,325	2.5	4.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	905	870	40	0.9	1.7	0.1	86,325	83,625	2,700	2.1	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	590	540	45	0.6	1.1	0.1	45,110	42,955	2,150	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,265	600	660	1.2	1.2	1.3	60,510	33,885	26,625	1.4	1.7	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	635	305	330	0.6	0.6	0.6	31,920	15,075	16,845	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	625	295	330	0.6	0.6	0.6	28,595	18,815	9,775	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	6,660	1,645	5,020	6.6	3.3	9.8	350,930	73,605	277,325	8.4	3.6	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	720	375	345	0.7	0.7	0.7	27,000	13,530	13,470	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,670	1,135	4,535	5.6	2.2	8.9	312,980	53,940	259,035	7.5	2.6	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	175	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	250	135	110	0.2	0.3	0.2	10,230	5,960	4,270	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,810	1,330	1,480	2.8	2.6	2.9	121,210	61,715	59,495	2.9	3.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,265	910	1,350	2.2	1.8	2.6	76,425	24,575	51,850	1.8	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	435	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	930	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	245	155	85	0.2	0.3	0.2	15,820	11,280	4,540	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	300	255	40	0.3	0.5	0.1	27,425	24,490	2,935	0.7	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	685	235	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	75,000	37,460	37,540	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,735	12,205	9,530	29.0	32.6	25.4	911,450	481,425	430,025	33.9	36.7	31.2
Education	2,290	670	1,625	3.1	1.8	4.3	99,640	21,315	78,320	3.7	1.6	5.7
13. Education	2,290	670	1,625	3.1	1.8	4.3	99,640	21,315	78,320	3.7	1.6	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,940	3,365	3,570	9.3	9.0	9.5	85,350	36,335	49,005	3.2	2.8	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	720	525	195	1.0	1.4	0.5	9,815	6,950	2,860	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	6,225	2,845	3,380	8.3	7.6	9.0	75,530	29,385	46,145	2.8	2.2	3.3
Humanities	3,965	1,655	2,310	5.3	4.4	6.2	103,360	38,515	64,845	3.8	2.9	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	340	85	255	0.5	0.2	0.7	12,735	2,545	10,190	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	1,410	500	910	1.9	1.3	2.4	25,770	7,190	18,580	1.0	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,025	420	605	1.4	1.1	1.6	35,310	13,320	21,990	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,895	745	1,150	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	320	175	145	0.4	0.5	0.4	5,780	3,440	2,335	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	210	120	95	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,845	4,740	3,105	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	500	300	200	0.7	0.8	0.5	11,615	6,050	5,565	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2	2,410	480	1,930	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,160	3,470	5,690	12.2	9.3	15.2	226,805	76,655	150,150	8.4	5.8	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	285	65	215	0.4	0.2	0.6	4,220	1,075	3,145	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,795	705	1,095	2.4	1.9	2.9	26,730	9,590	17,150	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	605	65	540	0.8	0.2	1.4	29,960	2,705	27,260	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,385	660	730	1.8	1.8	1.9	34,935	10,780	24,150	1.3	0.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	325	115	205	0.4	0.3	0.5	5,150	1,960	3,185	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,550	415	1,130	2.1	1.1	3.0	39,250	9,600	29,645	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	3,215	1,435	1,780	4.3	3.8	4.7	86,555	40,945	45,615	3.2	3.1	3.3
Business, management and public administration	9,630	4,145	5,485	12.8	11.1	14.6	379,485	152,040	227,445	14.1	11.6	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	140	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	775	195	580	1.0	0.5	1.5	22,625	4,535	18,095	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,840	3,945	4,895	11.8	10.5	13.0	356,415	147,365	209,055	13.2	11.2	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,640	1,350	1,285	3.5	3.6	3.4	77,340	37,350	39,990	2.9	2.8	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,265	540	730	1.7	1.4	1.9	33,945	14,030	19,915	1.3	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	540	245	295	0.7	0.7	0.8	18,520	8,355	10,165	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,545	520	1,030	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	705	510	200	0.9	1.4	0.5	21,390	13,835	7,555	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,935	610	1,330	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,560	1,840	720	3.4	4.9	1.9	87,185	58,400	28,785	3.2	4.4	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,985	1,580	405	2.6	4.2	1.1	72,700	51,710	20,995	2.7	3.9	1.5
25. Library science	205	45	160	0.3	0.1	0.4	3,600	540	3,060	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	285	170	110	0.4	0.5	0.3	8,865	4,890	3,975	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,010	1,265	755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,100	5,790	1,310	9.5	15.5	3.5	327,735	286,655	41,080	12.2	21.8	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	1,070	585	485	1.4	1.6	1.3	14,690	8,220	6,480	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	2,535	2,025	510	3.4	5.4	1.4	93,760	73,350	20,400	3.5	5.6	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,220	1,075	145	1.6	2.9	0.4	57,590	49,650	7,940	2.1	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,275	1,185	90	1.7	3.2	0.2	74,045	71,450	2,595	2.8	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	645	605	40	0.9	1.6	0.1	57,950	55,995	1,950	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	350	310	40	0.5	0.8	0.1	29,605	27,965	1,640	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,080	495	590	1.4	1.3	1.6	45,705	23,930	21,775	1.7	1.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	245	290	0.7	0.7	0.8	23,700	10,410	13,290	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	550	250	300	0.7	0.7	0.8	22,005	13,520	8,485	0.8	1.0	0.6
Health and related fields	5,560	1,420	4,135	7.4	3.8	11.0	258,665	55,710	202,960	9.6	4.2	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	620	330	280	0.8	0.9	0.7	20,980	10,585	10,395	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,715	975	3,735	6.3	2.6	9.9	229,855	41,240	188,620	8.5	3.1	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	580	90	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	110	100	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,245	3,790	3,455	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,305	1,055	1,255	3.1	2.8	3.3	88,615	44,750	43,865	3.3	3.4	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,855	730	1,120	2.5	1.9	3.0	56,165	18,390	37,775	2.1	1.4	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	240	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	410	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	215	125	90	0.3	0.3	0.2	12,270	8,530	3,740	0.5	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	195	40	0.3	0.5	0.1	19,425	17,180	2,240	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	535	180	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	75,000	37,460	37,540	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,735	12,205	9,530	29.0	32.6	25.4	911,450	481,425	430,025	33.9	36.7	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	53,270	25,255	28,010	71.0	67.4	74.6	1,780,415	831,835	948,580	66.1	63.3	68.8
Location of study inside Canada	41,330	19,630	21,705	55.1	52.4	57.8	1,316,405	622,255	694,150	48.9	47.4	50.4
Same as province or territory of residence	31,235	14,630	16,610	41.6	39.1	44.2	1,029,000	480,420	548,580	38.2	36.6	39.8
Different than province or territory of residence	10,090	5,000	5,095	13.5	13.3	13.6	287,405	141,835	145,570	10.7	10.8	10.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	11,940	5,630	6,305	15.9	15.0	16.8	464,010	209,580	254,430	17.2	16.0	18.5
Americas	3,310	1,670	1,640	4.4	4.5	4.4	84,155	40,735	43,420	3.1	3.1	3.1
United States of America	1,990	1,040	955	2.7	2.8	2.5	57,255	28,610	28,650	2.1	2.2	2.1
Mexico	585	315	270	0.8	0.8	0.7	8,850	3,950	4,895	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cuba	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	290	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	405	185	215	0.5	0.5	0.6	8,395	3,865	4,530	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,315	1,005	1,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	345	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	345	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	195	70	125	0.3	0.2	0.3	4,590	2,160	2,430	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	3,775	1,945	1,835	5.0	5.2	4.9	92,195	46,985	45,210	3.4	3.6	3.3
Belgium	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	755	430	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	360	210	150	0.5	0.6	0.4	5,075	2,645	2,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	190	70	120	0.3	0.2	0.3	5,805	2,975	2,830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,315	1,265	1,055	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,915	905	1,010	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	945	430	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	200	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,960	1,320	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,515	1,720	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	150	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,880	2,560	3,325	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,345	1,945	2,395	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	430	245	190	0.6	0.7	0.5	5,665	3,255	2,410	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,700	910	785	2.3	2.4	2.1	38,270	20,230	18,040	1.4	1.5	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	410	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,610	890	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,565	845	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	385	175	205	0.5	0.5	0.5	10,275	4,955	5,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	235	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.3	12,250	6,465	5,785	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	690	630	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	255	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,490	800	690	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	110	60	50	0.1	0.2	0.1	5,860	3,055	2,800	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,825	1,510	1,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	3,875	1,490	2,385	5.2	4.0	6.4	258,905	106,700	152,210	9.6	8.1	11.0
Iran⁸⁸	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2	16,325	7,150	9,175	0.6	0.5	0.7
Iraq	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,465	830	635	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,345	690	660	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	260	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	805	405	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,680	995	680	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	680	280	400	0.9	0.7	1.1	59,350	24,555	34,795	2.2	1.9	2.5
Taiwan	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2	8,905	2,985	5,915	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	130	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1	7,025	2,820	4,210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japan	335	110	225	0.4	0.3	0.6	8,185	1,960	6,230	0.3	0.1	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	265	60	205	0.4	0.2	0.5	19,605	7,220	12,385	0.7	0.5	0.9
Philippines	1,295	425	875	1.7	1.1	2.3	55,140	20,255	34,880	2.0	1.5	2.5
Viet Nam	125	45	80	0.2	0.1	0.2	2,145	625	1,520	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,135	485	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	480	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	285	150	135	0.4	0.4	0.4	60,565	28,910	31,655	2.2	2.2	2.3
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,935	1,855	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	245	135	115	0.3	0.4	0.3	9,780	4,215	5,565	0.4	0.3	0.4
Oceania	745	395	345	1.0	1.1	0.9	16,505	8,700	7,810	0.6	0.7	0.6
Australia	525	275	255	0.7	0.7	0.7	12,315	6,385	5,930	0.5	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	215	120	90	0.3	0.3	0.2	3,340	1,855	1,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	465	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	101,475	50,480	50,995	...	...	...	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	...	...	...
In the labour force	71,755	36,645	35,110	...	...	...	2,657,275	1,378,375	1,278,900	...	...	...
Employed	64,760	32,990	31,775	...	...	...	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,995	3,655	3,335	...	...	...	223,675	113,655	110,015	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,720	13,830	15,890	...	...	...	1,543,145	670,020	873,130	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.7	72.6	68.8	70.7	72.6	68.8	63.3	67.3	59.4	63.3	67.3	59.4
Employment rate	63.8	65.4	62.3	63.8	65.4	62.3	57.9	61.7	54.3	57.9	61.7	54.3
Unemployment rate	9.7	10.0	9.5	9.7	10.0	9.5	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.4	8.2	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	101,475	50,480	50,995	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,820	14,650	16,175	30.4	29.0	31.7	1,563,830	685,205	878,625	37.2	33.5	40.8
Worked	70,655	35,830	34,825	69.6	71.0	68.3	2,636,595	1,363,185	1,273,410	62.8	66.5	59.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	35,690	19,375	16,315	35.2	38.4	32.0	1,350,335	768,255	582,080	32.1	37.5	27.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,965	16,460	18,510	34.5	32.6	36.3	1,286,260	594,930	691,330	30.6	29.0	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.2	39.8	40.5	41.2	39.8	40.9	41.8	39.9	40.9	41.8	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	71,755	36,650	35,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,345	740	605	1.9	2.0	1.7	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	70,410	35,910	34,500	98.1	98.0	98.3	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
Employee	58,220	29,030	29,190	81.1	79.2	83.2	2,144,475	1,076,150	1,068,330	80.7	78.1	83.5
Permanent position	47,610	24,065	23,545	66.4	65.7	67.1	1,788,175	913,100	875,070	67.3	66.2	68.4
Temporary position	10,605	4,965	5,645	14.8	13.5	16.1	356,305	163,045	193,255	13.4	11.8	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,820	1,745	2,075	5.3	4.8	5.9	116,190	53,010	63,190	4.4	3.8	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,790	3,220	3,570	9.5	8.8	10.2	240,110	110,035	130,070	9.0	8.0	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,190	6,880	5,310	17.0	18.8	15.1	458,635	275,905	182,735	17.3	20.0	14.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	71,755	36,650	35,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,345	740	605	1.9	2.0	1.7	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	70,410	35,910	34,500	98.1	98.0	98.3	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	920	575	340	1.3	1.6	1.0	32,255	22,375	9,885	1.2	1.6	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	11,820	4,315	7,505	16.5	11.8	21.4	446,160	137,765	308,395	16.8	10.0	24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,340	5,280	2,060	10.2	14.4	5.9	209,185	158,605	50,580	7.9	11.5	4.0
3 Health occupations	4,485	1,030	3,455	6.3	2.8	9.8	199,185	43,765	155,415	7.5	3.2	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	10,065	3,505	6,560	14.0	9.6	18.7	309,360	103,155	206,205	11.6	7.5	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	8,120	4,355	3,765	11.3	11.9	10.7	110,585	52,240	58,340	4.2	3.8	4.6
6 Sales and service occupations	17,030	8,200	8,830	23.7	22.4	25.2	666,705	293,530	373,180	25.1	21.3	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,900	6,990	915	11.0	19.1	2.6	469,450	425,905	43,545	17.7	30.9	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	870	625	245	1.2	1.7	0.7	72,075	51,750	20,325	2.7	3.8	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,855	1,025	825	2.6	2.8	2.4	88,155	62,965	25,185	3.3	4.6	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	71,755	36,650	35,105	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,345	740	605	1.9	2.0	1.7	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	70,410	35,910	34,500	98.1	98.0	98.3	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	400	235	165	0.6	0.6	0.5	60,320	38,580	21,735	2.3	2.8	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	165	105	65	0.2	0.3	0.2	24,955	20,610	4,350	0.9	1.5	0.3
22 Utilities	240	150	90	0.3	0.4	0.3	14,820	10,765	4,050	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	4,410	3,785	630	6.1	10.3	1.8	234,345	201,185	33,155	8.8	14.6	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	3,150	1,905	1,245	4.4	5.2	3.5	152,790	107,750	45,035	5.7	7.8	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	1,835	1,165	670	2.6	3.2	1.9	80,165	53,130	27,035	3.0	3.9	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,810	3,400	3,410	9.5	9.3	9.7	301,060	142,230	158,830	11.3	10.3	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,145	1,555	595	3.0	4.2	1.7	142,230	108,095	34,135	5.4	7.8	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	5,330	3,145	2,185	7.4	8.6	6.2	71,295	43,800	27,495	2.7	3.2	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	2,255	1,120	1,135	3.1	3.1	3.2	95,560	41,275	54,290	3.6	3.0	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,545	815	725	2.2	2.2	2.1	59,155	31,515	27,640	2.2	2.3	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	9,945	5,640	4,310	13.9	15.4	12.3	238,650	131,495	107,150	9.0	9.5	8.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	40	95	0.2	0.1	0.3	5,785	2,740	3,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,735	1,685	1,050	3.8	4.6	3.0	110,215	62,865	47,350	4.1	4.6	3.7
61 Educational services	6,105	2,425	3,685	8.5	6.6	10.5	192,855	62,310	130,545	7.3	4.5	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	8,230	1,930	6,300	11.5	5.3	17.9	319,525	64,150	255,375	12.0	4.7	20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,680	1,325	1,360	3.7	3.6	3.9	60,775	30,215	30,560	2.3	2.2	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	5,865	2,925	2,945	8.2	8.0	8.4	182,105	78,435	103,670	6.9	5.7	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,485	1,225	2,260	4.9	3.3	6.4	113,780	50,100	63,680	4.3	3.6	5.0
91 Public administration	2,940	1,345	1,590	4.1	3.7	4.5	142,730	70,795	71,940	5.4	5.1	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	75,950	38,610	37,340	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,405	35,530	33,870	91.4	92.0	90.7	2,617,625	1,354,690	1,262,935	91.7	92.0	91.3
French	120	30	85	0.2	0.1	0.2	3,090	850	2,240	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	1,775	870	905	2.3	2.3	2.4	52,925	27,750	25,180	1.9	1.9	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,765	865	905	2.3	2.2	2.4	52,790	27,690	25,100	1.8	1.9	1.8
English and French	910	370	540	1.2	1.0	1.4	21,550	8,765	12,785	0.8	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	3,430	1,615	1,820	4.5	4.2	4.9	154,255	76,820	77,440	5.4	5.2	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,520	1,160	1,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	195	125	70	0.3	0.3	0.2	3,840	2,000	1,840	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	75,950	38,610	37,340	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	75,230	38,300	36,930	99.1	99.2	98.9	2,820,225	1,453,980	1,366,250	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	72,545	36,925	35,620	95.5	95.6	95.4	2,726,710	1,405,545	1,321,160	95.5	95.5	95.5
English	72,275	36,840	35,435	95.2	95.4	94.9	2,720,275	1,403,805	1,316,470	95.3	95.4	95.1
French	275	85	185	0.4	0.2	0.5	6,430	1,740	4,690	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	2,685	1,370	1,310	3.5	3.5	3.5	93,520	48,430	45,090	3.3	3.3	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	85	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,680	1,365	1,310	3.5	3.5	3.5	93,230	48,340	44,890	3.3	3.3	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	320	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	320	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	250	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	155	55	100	0.2	0.1	0.3	2,720	1,070	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	145	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.3	2,695	1,060	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	855	430	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	680	335	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	180	110	70	0.2	0.3	0.2	30,820	18,165	12,655	1.1	1.2	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	915	350	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	350	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	245	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	310	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	200	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	180	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	25,450	15,470	9,980	0.9	1.1	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	23,425	14,315	9,115	0.8	1.0	0.7
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,730	13,945	8,785	0.8	0.9	0.6
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	1,155	865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	1,135	855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	75	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,710	940	770	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	120	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1	3,675	1,975	1,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	555	245	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,940	1,645	1,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	130	85	50	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,015	695	1,320	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,855	3,485	3,370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	105	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	95	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,080	1,045	1,030	2.7	2.7	2.8	48,730	23,930	24,800	1.7	1.6	1.8
Chinese languages	2,080	1,045	1,030	2.7	2.7	2.8	48,670	23,890	24,780	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	305	165	135	0.4	0.4	0.4	28,465	13,710	14,755	1.0	0.9	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,770	875	895	2.3	2.3	2.4	19,865	10,015	9,855	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	65	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	60	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	725	315	410	1.0	0.8	1.1	35,660	18,080	17,585	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2	2,470	970	1,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	600	265	335	0.8	0.7	0.9	32,195	16,590	15,610	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	445	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	75,950	38,610	37,340	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	71,890	36,690	35,195	94.7	95.0	94.3	2,703,945	1,398,765	1,305,180	94.7	95.0	94.3
English	695	335	360	0.9	0.9	1.0	36,055	17,805	18,250	1.3	1.2	1.3
French	675	285	385	0.9	0.7	1.0	16,140	7,125	9,020	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	2,055	960	1,095	2.7	2.5	2.9	79,300	38,900	40,400	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,320	470	850	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,040	955	1,090	2.7	2.5	2.9	77,980	38,430	39,550	2.7	2.6	2.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	200	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.2	4,745	2,165	2,580	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,945	860	1,085	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	345	165	180	0.5	0.4	0.5	13,685	6,410	7,275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	64,760	32,990	31,770	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	21,345	10,560	10,780	33.0	32.0	33.9	549,845	262,840	287,005	22.6	20.8	24.6
Worked outside Canada	180	110	70	0.3	0.3	0.2	10,065	6,785	3,275	0.4	0.5	0.3
No fixed workplace address	8,360	5,865	2,490	12.9	17.8	7.8	373,475	277,860	95,615	15.3	22.0	8.2
Usual place of work	34,885	16,460	18,425	53.9	49.9	58.0	1,500,215	717,240	782,980	61.6	56.7	67.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,885	16,455	18,425	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,500,215	717,235	782,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	24,025	10,380	13,640	68.9	63.1	74.0	774,620	341,895	432,725	51.6	47.7	55.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,445	5,855	4,585	29.9	35.6	24.9	638,825	322,890	315,940	42.6	45.0	40.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	325	155	170	0.9	0.9	0.9	77,845	46,415	31,440	5.2	6.5	4.0
Commute to a different province or territory	85	60	25	0.2	0.4	0.1	8,920	6,040	2,875	0.6	0.8	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,240	22,325	20,915	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	23,175	12,965	10,215	53.6	58.1	48.8	1,497,765	824,995	672,775	79.9	82.9	76.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	21,150	12,340	8,810	48.9	55.3	42.1	1,376,410	775,555	600,865	73.5	77.9	68.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,025	625	1,400	4.7	2.8	6.7	121,350	49,440	71,910	6.5	5.0	8.2
Public transit	9,755	4,135	5,615	22.6	18.5	26.8	174,045	72,290	101,750	9.3	7.3	11.6
Walked	5,375	2,490	2,895	12.4	11.2	13.8	121,550	51,185	70,360	6.5	5.1	8.0
Bicycle	3,740	2,115	1,620	8.6	9.5	7.7	36,790	22,990	13,800	2.0	2.3	1.6
Other method	1,190	625	565	2.8	2.8	2.7	43,535	23,635	19,900	2.3	2.4	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,240	22,325	20,915	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,040	4,605	4,440	20.9	20.6	21.2	595,470	276,270	319,200	31.8	27.8	36.3
15 to 29 minutes	16,930	8,515	8,420	39.2	38.1	40.3	637,130	333,835	303,295	34.0	33.5	34.5
30 to 44 minutes	11,565	6,185	5,380	26.7	27.7	25.7	369,645	216,975	152,670	19.7	21.8	17.4
45 to 59 minutes	3,250	1,640	1,605	7.5	7.3	7.7	137,115	81,460	55,655	7.3	8.2	6.3
60 minutes and over	2,455	1,385	1,070	5.7	6.2	5.1	134,330	86,550	47,780	7.2	8.7	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,240	22,325	20,915	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,810	1,270	540	4.2	5.7	2.6	125,470	91,685	33,785	6.7	9.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,065	3,805	2,255	14.0	17.0	10.8	298,120	192,650	105,460	15.9	19.4	12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,810	5,095	4,715	22.7	22.8	22.5	449,315	237,080	212,235	24.0	23.8	24.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,980	4,920	6,060	25.4	22.0	29.0	418,635	186,225	232,415	22.3	18.7	26.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,730	4,075	4,655	20.2	18.3	22.3	303,745	133,880	169,865	16.2	13.5	19.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,850	3,165	2,690	13.5	14.2	12.9	278,405	153,580	124,825	14.9	15.4	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	14,850	7,585	7,265	100.0	100.0	100.0	884,130	455,675	428,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,205	620	585	8.1	8.2	8.1	55,575	28,115	27,465	6.3	6.2	6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,645	6,965	6,680	91.9	91.8	91.9	828,550	427,565	400,990	93.7	93.8	93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,135	5,220	4,915	100.0	100.0	100.0	651,050	336,315	314,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	825	420	400	8.1	8.0	8.1	43,010	21,805	21,205	6.6	6.5	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	495	250	245	4.9	4.8	5.0	23,960	11,755	12,205	3.7	3.5	3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	330	180	155	3.3	3.4	3.2	19,050	10,050	8,995	2.9	3.0	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,310	4,795	4,520	91.9	91.9	92.0	608,040	314,500	293,535	93.4	93.5	93.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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