Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Vancouver CentreMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	115,965	59,970	56,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	7,550	3,900	3,650	6.5	6.5	6.5
0 to 4 years	3,515	1,785	1,725	3.0	3.0	3.1
5 to 9 years	2,335	1,200	1,130	2.0	2.0	2.0
10 to 14 years	1,710	910	800	1.5	1.5	1.4
15 to 64 years	92,180	47,905	44,275	79.5	79.9	79.1
15 to 19 years	1,730	860	865	1.5	1.4	1.5
20 to 24 years	6,125	2,795	3,330	5.3	4.7	5.9
25 to 29 years	15,665	7,470	8,200	13.5	12.5	14.6
30 to 34 years	18,240	9,355	8,885	15.7	15.6	15.9
35 to 39 years	14,090	7,580	6,510	12.2	12.6	11.6
40 to 44 years	9,235	5,065	4,175	8.0	8.4	7.5
45 to 49 years	7,045	3,890	3,155	6.1	6.5	5.6
50 to 54 years	6,975	3,765	3,215	6.0	6.3	5.7
55 to 59 years	6,915	3,845	3,070	6.0	6.4	5.5
60 to 64 years	6,155	3,280	2,875	5.3	5.5	5.1
65 years and over	16,235	8,170	8,070	14.0	13.6	14.4
65 to 69 years	5,495	2,805	2,700	4.7	4.7	4.8
70 to 74 years	4,660	2,345	2,310	4.0	3.9	4.1
75 to 79 years	2,960	1,525	1,435	2.6	2.5	2.6
80 to 84 years	1,805	920	885	1.6	1.5	1.6
85 years and over	1,310	575	735	1.1	1.0	1.3
85 to 89 years	865	385	485	0.7	0.6	0.9
90 to 94 years	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
95 to 99 years	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5	6.5
15 to 64 years	79.5	79.9	79.1	79.5	79.9	79.1
65 years and over	14.0	13.6	14.4	14.0	13.6	14.4
85 years and over	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.3
Average age of the population	41.8	42.1	41.5	41.8	42.1	41.5
Median age of the population	38.0	38.4	37.2	38.0	38.4	37.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	69,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	95	...	...	0.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
Row house	1,075	...	...	1.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,785	...	...	9.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	61,080	...	...	88.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	69,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	36,510	...	...	52.7	...	...
2 persons	24,750	...	...	35.7	...	...
3 persons	5,155	...	...	7.4	...	...
4 persons	2,110	...	...	3.0	...	...
5 or more persons	715	...	...	1.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	113,695	58,370	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	108,420	56,070	52,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	52,235	27,430	24,805	48.2	48.9	47.4
Married	34,150	17,535	16,615	31.5	31.3	31.7
Living common-law	18,090	9,900	8,190	16.7	17.7	15.6
Living common law - Never married	15,955	8,755	7,200	14.7	15.6	13.8
Living common law - Separated	240	140	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,790	950	840	1.7	1.7	1.6
Living common law - Widowed	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	56,180	28,635	27,540	51.8	51.1	52.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	42,580	23,270	19,305	39.3	41.5	36.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,715	1,340	1,375	2.5	2.4	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,270	3,405	4,865	7.6	6.1	9.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,610	625	1,990	2.4	1.1	3.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	27,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,175	...	...	76.3	...	...
3 persons	4,260	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	1,880	...	...	6.8	...	...
5 or more persons	435	...	...	1.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.4	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	27,745	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	25,015	...	...	90.2	...	...
Married couples	15,970	...	...	57.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,330	...	...	19.2	...	...
Without children	10,640	...	...	38.3	...	...
Common-law couples	9,045	...	...	32.6	...	...
With children⁶	675	...	...	2.4	...	...
Without children	8,370	...	...	30.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,730	...	...	9.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,205	...	...	7.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	525	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	113,695	58,365	55,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	64,890	33,160	31,725	57.1	56.8	57.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	50,030	26,385	23,645	44.0	45.2	42.7
Parents in one-parent families	2,730	525	2,210	2.4	0.9	4.0
Children⁶	12,125	6,255	5,870	10.7	10.7	10.6
In a two-parent family	8,755	4,505	4,245	7.7	7.7	7.7
In a one-parent family	3,370	1,750	1,620	3.0	3.0	2.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	48,805	25,205	23,600	42.9	43.2	42.7
Living alone	36,510	18,730	17,780	32.1	32.1	32.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,190	960	1,225	1.9	1.6	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	10,110	5,510	4,600	8.9	9.4	8.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	69,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	26,420	...	...	38.2	...	...
Couple-family households	23,940	...	...	34.6	...	...
With children⁶	5,685	...	...	8.2	...	...
Without children	18,255	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,480	...	...	3.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	280	...	...	0.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...	0.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	695	...	...	1.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,235	...	...	7.6	...	...
One-person households	36,510	...	...	52.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	106,160	54,480	51,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,770	53,425	50,350	97.7	98.1	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	55,200	44,000	49,200	55,200	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,815	53,445	50,370	97.8	98.1	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	48,000	40,000	43,600	48,000	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	94,745	48,880	45,865	89.2	89.7	88.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,400	56,000	41,600	48,400	56,000	41,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,530	42,295	38,230	75.9	77.6	74.0
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	57,200	43,200	50,000	57,200	43,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,950	38,520	40,425	74.4	70.7	78.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	7,000	7,050	7,050	7,000	7,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,960	4,375	4,585	8.4	8.0	8.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,440	5,480	5,480	5,440	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,600	15,320	15,285	28.8	28.1	29.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000	10,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	106,270	54,515	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,005	53,545	50,465	97.9	98.2	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	69,800	81,000	58,000	69,800	81,000	58,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	104,075	53,575	50,500	97.9	98.3	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,400	62,500	47,880	55,400	62,500	47,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,980	49,090	45,895	89.4	90.0	88.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	68,900	81,200	55,700	68,900	81,200	55,700
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,580	42,460	38,120	75.8	77.9	73.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	66,600	77,600	54,450	66,600	77,600	54,450
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,090	38,425	40,660	74.4	70.5	78.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,120	9,090	9,160	9,120	9,090	9,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,915	4,310	4,600	8.4	7.9	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,395	6,020	6,740	6,395	6,020	6,740
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,565	15,355	15,205	28.8	28.2	29.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,810	9,860	9,760	9,810	9,860	9,760
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	106,270	54,515	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	41,415	23,575	17,845	39.0	43.2	34.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,500	83,000	68,500	76,500	83,000	68,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	96,600	108,500	80,900	96,600	108,500	80,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,430	14,995	16,435	29.6	27.5	31.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	24,800	21,200	22,800	24,800	21,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,400	40,560	32,600	36,400	40,560	32,600
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	90.0	92.0	87.2	90.0	92.0	87.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	74.0	76.0	70.8	74.0	76.0	70.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	9.9	8.1	12.7	9.9	8.1	12.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.1	0.8	0.6	1.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.0	6.0	4.8	4.0	6.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.5	5.1	4.1	3.5	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	106,160	54,480	51,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,390	1,055	1,335	2.3	1.9	2.6
With total income	103,770	53,420	50,350	97.7	98.1	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,610	4,330	5,285	9.3	8.1	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	8,955	4,330	4,620	8.6	8.1	9.2
$20,000 to $29,999	13,265	6,245	7,025	12.8	11.7	13.9
$30,000 to $39,999	11,305	5,295	6,010	10.9	9.9	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	9,625	4,475	5,145	9.3	8.4	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,510	3,995	4,510	8.2	7.5	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	7,205	3,560	3,645	6.9	6.7	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	6,400	3,400	3,000	6.2	6.4	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	5,200	2,790	2,405	5.0	5.2	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	4,290	2,355	1,930	4.1	4.4	3.8
$100,000 and over	19,410	12,645	6,770	18.7	23.7	13.4
$100,000 to $149,999	11,030	6,770	4,260	10.6	12.7	8.5
$150,000 and over	8,380	5,875	2,510	8.1	11.0	5.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	106,160	54,480	51,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,350	1,035	1,315	2.2	1.9	2.5
With after-tax income	103,815	53,445	50,370	97.8	98.1	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,120	4,600	5,520	9.7	8.6	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	9,300	4,500	4,800	9.0	8.4	9.5
$20,000 to $29,999	15,165	7,145	8,020	14.6	13.4	15.9
$30,000 to $39,999	13,120	6,160	6,960	12.6	11.5	13.8
$40,000 to $49,999	11,450	5,360	6,090	11.0	10.0	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,760	4,755	5,005	9.4	8.9	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	8,010	4,285	3,725	7.7	8.0	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	6,360	3,500	2,865	6.1	6.5	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	4,895	2,775	2,120	4.7	5.2	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	3,485	2,100	1,385	3.4	3.9	2.7
$100,000 and over	12,150	8,265	3,885	11.7	15.5	7.7
$100,000 to $124,999	5,365	3,485	1,880	5.2	6.5	3.7
$125,000 and over	6,780	4,775	2,005	6.5	8.9	4.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	106,160	54,480	51,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	25,640	12,185	13,455	24.1	22.4	26.0
With employment income	80,530	42,295	38,230	75.8	77.6	74.0
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,250	3,990	4,255	10.2	9.4	11.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,340	2,495	2,845	6.6	5.9	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,440	3,870	4,565	10.5	9.1	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	6,405	3,075	3,330	8.0	7.3	8.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,735	2,715	3,020	7.1	6.4	7.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,095	2,870	3,225	7.6	6.8	8.4
$50,000 to $59,999	6,285	2,965	3,320	7.8	7.0	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,545	2,790	2,755	6.9	6.6	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,010	2,730	2,280	6.2	6.4	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,295	2,355	1,940	5.3	5.6	5.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,605	2,025	1,580	4.5	4.8	4.1
$100,000 and over	15,535	10,420	5,115	19.3	24.6	13.4
$100,000 to $124,999	5,945	3,625	2,320	7.4	8.6	6.1
$125,000 and over	9,590	6,790	2,795	11.9	16.1	7.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	106,160	54,480	51,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	99,825	51,305	48,525	94.0	94.2	93.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	52,000	40,400	46,000	52,000	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,070	51,380	48,690	94.3	94.3	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,800	36,000	40,400	44,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,350	47,585	44,765	87.0	87.3	86.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	54,400	40,800	47,600	54,400	40,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,060	41,340	37,715	74.5	75.9	73.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	54,800	42,000	48,000	54,800	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,400	28,165	31,240	56.0	51.7	60.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	870	795	930	870	795	930
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,990	1,895	2,100	3.8	3.5	4.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	4,960	6,360	5,640	4,960	6,360
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	106,270	54,515	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	99,880	51,315	48,565	94.0	94.1	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	67,700	78,800	55,900	67,700	78,800	55,900
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,090	51,355	48,735	94.2	94.2	94.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,300	60,850	45,360	53,300	60,850	45,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,260	47,615	44,650	86.8	87.3	86.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	69,800	81,800	56,950	69,800	81,800	56,950
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,180	41,495	37,680	74.5	76.1	72.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	63,850	74,800	51,900	63,850	74,800	51,900
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,550	28,190	31,360	56.0	51.7	60.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,405	5,300	5,495	5,405	5,300	5,495
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,005	1,900	2,105	3.8	3.5	4.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,300	6,290	8,210	7,300	6,290	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	106,270	54,515	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	40,165	22,900	17,270	37.8	42.0	33.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	75,500	61,600	68,500	75,500	61,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,100	98,200	72,500	87,100	98,200	72,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,980	13,800	15,180	27.3	25.3	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,200	32,800	27,800	30,200	32,800	27,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,000	48,480	38,000	43,000	48,480	38,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	95.2	96.4	93.6	95.2	96.4	93.6
Employment income (%)	74.8	76.8	72.0	74.8	76.8	72.0
Government transfers (%)	4.8	3.7	6.4	4.8	3.7	6.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.4	0.3	0.6	0.4	0.3	0.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	69,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	36,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,400	...	...	52,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	32,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	69,280	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,200	...	...	83,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	36,470	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,150	...	...	56,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	32,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	142,400	...	...	142,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,300	...	...	113,300	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	69,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	2,610	...	...	3.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	885	...	...	1.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,090	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,225	...	...	3.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,410	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,595	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,530	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,625	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,470	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,315	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,835	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,580	...	...	6.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,350	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,015	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,515	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	25,185	...	...	36.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,895	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,855	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,000	...	...	8.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,430	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	69,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	2,835	...	...	4.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	905	...	...	1.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,125	...	...	1.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,340	...	...	3.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,650	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,995	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,925	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,070	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,835	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,005	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,895	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,375	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,945	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,230	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,600	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,515	...	...	28.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,640	...	...	9.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,445	...	...	6.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	8,440	...	...	12.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	6,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,000	...	...	131,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	46,620	24,245	22,380	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,000	50,400	46,000	48,000	50,400	46,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	44,400	41,200	42,800	44,400	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,600	...	...	147,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,400	...	...	116,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	151,200	...	...	151,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,960	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	168,600	...	...	168,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	131,800	...	...	131,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	93,300	...	...	93,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,400	...	...	76,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	46,775	24,270	22,505	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	65,800	71,600	59,650	65,800	71,600	59,650
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,650	56,100	48,880	52,650	56,100	48,880
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	113,695	58,370	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,445	4,375	4,075	7.4	7.5	7.4
0 to 5 years	4,085	2,095	1,990	3.6	3.6	3.6
18 to 64 years	89,610	46,200	43,405	78.8	79.2	78.4
65 years and over	15,635	7,790	7,845	13.8	13.3	14.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	18,915	9,460	9,450	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,390	745	645	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	560	300	260	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	14,050	7,050	7,000	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,470	1,670	1,800	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	16.6	16.2	17.1	16.6	16.2	17.1
0 to 17 years (%)	16.5	17.1	15.8	16.5	17.1	15.8
0 to 5 years (%)	13.8	14.4	13.1	13.8	14.4	13.1
18 to 64 years (%)	15.7	15.3	16.1	15.7	15.3	16.1
65 years and over (%)	22.2	21.4	23.0	22.2	21.4	23.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	113,695	58,370	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,445	4,375	4,075	7.4	7.5	7.4
0 to 5 years	4,085	2,095	1,990	3.6	3.6	3.6
18 to 64 years	89,610	46,200	43,405	78.8	79.2	78.4
65 years and over	15,640	7,790	7,845	13.8	13.3	14.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	14,400	7,405	6,990	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	910	490	420	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	350	195	160	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	11,925	6,130	5,790	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,565	785	780	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	12.7	12.7	12.6	12.7	12.7	12.6
0 to 17 years (%)	10.8	11.2	10.3	10.8	11.2	10.3
0 to 5 years (%)	8.6	9.2	8.0	8.6	9.2	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	13.3	13.3	13.3	13.3	13.3	13.3
65 years and over (%)	10.0	10.1	9.9	10.0	10.1	9.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	113,690	58,365	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	53,635	26,445	27,190	47.2	45.3	49.1
In bottom decile	18,410	9,330	9,075	16.2	16.0	16.4
In second decile	10,015	4,875	5,145	8.8	8.4	9.3
In third decile	9,015	4,340	4,670	7.9	7.4	8.4
In fourth decile	8,115	3,930	4,180	7.1	6.7	7.6
In fifth decile	8,080	3,965	4,115	7.1	6.8	7.4
In top half of the distribution	60,060	31,920	28,140	52.8	54.7	50.9
In sixth decile	8,455	4,155	4,305	7.4	7.1	7.8
In seventh decile	8,635	4,455	4,175	7.6	7.6	7.5
In eighth decile	9,845	5,145	4,700	8.7	8.8	8.5
In ninth decile	12,305	6,595	5,710	10.8	11.3	10.3
In top decile	20,820	11,570	9,250	18.3	19.8	16.7
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	113,695	...	...	113,695	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.519	...	...	0.519	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.393	...	...	0.393	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,985	59,320	55,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	100,215	52,190	48,030	87.2	88.0	86.3
French only	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	12,430	6,175	6,260	10.8	10.4	11.2
Neither English nor French	2,260	920	1,340	2.0	1.6	2.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,985	59,320	55,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	108,920	56,415	52,505	94.7	95.1	94.3
French	2,895	1,615	1,280	2.5	2.7	2.3
English and French	950	390	560	0.8	0.7	1.0
Neither English nor French	2,220	900	1,320	1.9	1.5	2.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,985	59,320	55,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,170	56,420	52,750	94.9	95.1	94.8
Official languages	64,225	35,530	28,700	55.9	59.9	51.6
English	61,440	33,950	27,490	53.4	57.2	49.4
French	2,790	1,580	1,210	2.4	2.7	2.2
Non-official languages	44,940	20,890	24,050	39.1	35.2	43.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	44,865	20,845	24,020	39.0	35.1	43.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,265	765	500	1.1	1.3	0.9
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,230	745	480	1.1	1.3	0.9
Amharic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	950	590	355	0.8	1.0	0.6
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	535	205	330	0.5	0.3	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	510	190	315	0.4	0.3	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,430	580	850	1.2	1.0	1.5
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	240	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,050	425	620	0.9	0.7	1.1
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	305	180	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,630	12,380	12,245	21.4	20.9	22.0
Albanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	5,735	2,610	3,120	5.0	4.4	5.6
Baltic languages	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	5,645	2,585	3,065	4.9	4.4	5.5
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czech	360	185	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Macedonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	690	325	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Russian	2,270	995	1,275	2.0	1.7	2.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,480	720	765	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bosnian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	265	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	1,040	525	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	295	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	315	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,770	975	795	1.5	1.6	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,155	605	545	1.0	1.0	1.0
German	1,085	565	520	0.9	1.0	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	410	250	160	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afrikaans	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	295	180	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	200	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	8,820	4,395	4,420	7.7	7.4	7.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,145	1,160	990	1.9	2.0	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	125	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	700	385	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Kacchi	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	570	285	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Urdu	230	145	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	6,670	3,235	3,435	5.8	5.5	6.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	6,505	3,145	3,360	5.7	5.3	6.0
Dari	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	5,745	2,770	2,975	5.0	4.7	5.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	640	320	320	0.6	0.5	0.6
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,995	4,210	3,785	7.0	7.1	6.8
Catalan	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	535	325	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	2,190	1,090	1,100	1.9	1.8	2.0
Romanian	435	200	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Spanish	4,815	2,580	2,235	4.2	4.3	4.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,965	655	1,310	1.7	1.1	2.4
Korean	3,080	1,200	1,880	2.7	2.0	3.4
Mongolian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,115	4,125	5,995	8.8	7.0	10.8
Chinese languages	10,095	4,105	5,985	8.8	6.9	10.8
Hakka	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5,980	2,365	3,615	5.2	4.0	6.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	305	125	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,530	1,495	2,030	3.1	2.5	3.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	240	80	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	230	75	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	730	390	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Azerbaijani	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	590	315	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Uyghur	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,815	2,900	2,915	5.1	4.9	5.2
English and French	625	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	4,370	2,195	2,175	3.8	3.7	3.9
French and non-official language(s)	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	540	255	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,985	59,320	55,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	69,765	37,895	31,875	60.7	63.9	57.3
French	755	385	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	11,260	5,075	6,185	9.8	8.6	11.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,260	5,070	6,185	9.8	8.5	11.1
English and French	1,810	950	860	1.6	1.6	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	29,420	14,115	15,305	25.6	23.8	27.5
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	1,135	575	565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Multiple non-official languages	780	310	470	0.7	0.5	0.8
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,985	59,320	55,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,440	56,770	52,670	95.2	95.7	94.6
Official languages	87,025	46,485	40,540	75.7	78.4	72.8
English	85,875	45,900	39,970	74.7	77.4	71.8
French	1,155	585	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	22,415	10,285	12,135	19.5	17.3	21.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	22,405	10,280	12,130	19.5	17.3	21.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	450	245	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	440	245	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	320	180	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	390	165	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	315	130	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,165	5,925	6,240	10.6	10.0	11.2
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,665	1,255	1,410	2.3	2.1	2.5
Baltic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,635	1,240	1,390	2.3	2.1	2.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,200	550	655	1.0	0.9	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	760	365	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
Bosnian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	605	300	310	0.5	0.5	0.6
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	285	155	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,980	2,350	2,625	4.3	4.0	4.7
Indo-Aryan languages	700	360	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,280	1,990	2,285	3.7	3.4	4.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	4,185	1,950	2,235	3.6	3.3	4.0
Dari	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	3,795	1,765	2,035	3.3	3.0	3.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,180	2,135	2,040	3.6	3.6	3.7
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	1,380	680	705	1.2	1.1	1.3
Romanian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,510	1,320	1,190	2.2	2.2	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,120	485	640	1.0	0.8	1.1
Korean	1,900	770	1,130	1.7	1.3	2.0
Mongolian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,525	2,265	3,260	4.8	3.8	5.9
Chinese languages	5,525	2,265	3,260	4.8	3.8	5.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,650	1,480	2,170	3.2	2.5	3.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	1,630	670	960	1.4	1.1	1.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	335	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Azerbaijani	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,545	2,555	2,990	4.8	4.3	5.4
English and French	370	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,960	2,265	2,695	4.3	3.8	4.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,985	59,320	55,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	86,370	45,435	40,935	75.1	76.6	73.5
English	9,610	4,530	5,075	8.4	7.6	9.1
French	1,270	665	610	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-official language	13,855	6,735	7,125	12.0	11.4	12.8
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,815	6,710	7,100	12.0	11.3	12.8
English and French	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,060	505	550	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	670	345	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,965	1,015	945	1.7	1.7	1.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	113,685	58,350	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,475	57,460	54,020	98.1	98.5	97.6
English	111,385	57,420	53,965	98.0	98.4	97.5
French	12,335	6,130	6,205	10.9	10.5	11.2
Non-official languages	58,660	28,120	30,545	51.6	48.2	55.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	58,570	28,090	30,475	51.5	48.1	55.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,960	1,160	805	1.7	2.0	1.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,935	1,125	805	1.7	1.9	1.5
Amharic	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,365	840	525	1.2	1.4	0.9
Aramaic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	505	240	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	625	275	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	610	270	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,225	890	1,335	2.0	1.5	2.4
Bikol	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	315	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,680	625	1,050	1.5	1.1	1.9
Waray-Waray	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	575	325	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kannada	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	240	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	170	105	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	34,565	17,540	17,030	30.4	30.1	30.8
Albanian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	7,110	3,355	3,750	6.3	5.7	6.8
Baltic languages	115	20	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Latvian	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages	7,015	3,345	3,665	6.2	5.7	6.6
Belarusian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	195	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Czech	535	300	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Macedonian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	955	480	475	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	3,355	1,530	1,830	3.0	2.6	3.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,810	850	955	1.6	1.5	1.7
Bosnian	320	120	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Croatian	605	240	365	0.5	0.4	0.7
Serbian	1,415	690	725	1.2	1.2	1.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	410	190	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	820	365	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	365	185	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Irish	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,105	2,150	1,950	3.6	3.7	3.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,005	1,570	1,440	2.6	2.7	2.6
German	2,925	1,530	1,400	2.6	2.6	2.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	785	480	310	0.7	0.8	0.6
Afrikaans	305	190	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	465	270	190	0.4	0.5	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	480	225	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Danish	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	295	180	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	11,625	5,855	5,770	10.2	10.0	10.4
Indo-Aryan languages	4,085	2,130	1,960	3.6	3.7	3.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	170	110	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	525	230	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hindi	2,475	1,315	1,155	2.2	2.3	2.1
Kacchi	170	50	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	310	185	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nepali	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,150	585	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	665	400	265	0.6	0.7	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages	7,605	3,770	3,835	6.7	6.5	6.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	200	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	7,535	3,730	3,805	6.6	6.4	6.9
Dari	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	6,720	3,335	3,385	5.9	5.7	6.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	630	315	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	13,010	6,805	6,205	11.4	11.7	11.2
Catalan	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italian	1,560	835	725	1.4	1.4	1.3
Portuguese	2,635	1,320	1,305	2.3	2.3	2.4
Romanian	530	240	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Spanish	9,630	5,100	4,525	8.5	8.7	8.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	3,170	1,355	1,815	2.8	2.3	3.3
Korean	3,625	1,470	2,155	3.2	2.5	3.9
Mongolian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages	330	185	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,665	5,475	7,185	11.1	9.4	13.0
Chinese languages	12,640	5,455	7,185	11.1	9.3	13.0
Hakka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	8,890	3,755	5,130	7.8	6.4	9.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	685	250	435	0.6	0.4	0.8
Wu (Shanghainese)	230	85	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Yue (Cantonese)	5,415	2,420	2,990	4.8	4.1	5.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	375	140	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
Lao	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	350	135	220	0.3	0.2	0.4
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	1,375	710	665	1.2	1.2	1.2
Azerbaijani	275	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kazakh	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkish	1,215	630	580	1.1	1.1	1.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	335	195	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	280	160	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,685	58,355	55,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,395	1,270	1,115	2.1	2.2	2.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,230	1,195	1,035	2.0	2.0	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,320	690	630	1.2	1.2	1.1
Métis	895	505	390	0.8	0.9	0.7
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	111,295	57,085	54,210	97.9	97.8	98.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,685	58,355	55,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	900	475	425	0.8	0.8	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,785	57,880	54,910	99.2	99.2	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	21,930	...	...	31.7	...	...
Renter	47,345	...	...	68.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	45,565	...	...	65.8	...	...
Not condominium	23,710	...	...	34.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	5,225	...	...	7.5	...	...
1 bedroom	39,325	...	...	56.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	21,250	...	...	30.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,195	...	...	4.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	280	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	57,775	...	...	83.4	...	...
5 rooms	7,150	...	...	10.3	...	...
6 rooms	2,700	...	...	3.9	...	...
7 rooms	1,100	...	...	1.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	555	...	...	0.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	67,415	...	...	97.3	...	...
More than one person per room	1,860	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	63,360	...	...	91.5	...	...
Not suitable	5,920	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,130	...	...	10.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,120	...	...	21.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,850	...	...	8.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	13,075	...	...	18.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	7,070	...	...	10.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	8,995	...	...	13.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,535	...	...	9.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,495	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	65,655	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,625	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	45,045	...	...	65.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,815	...	...	32.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,415	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,130	...	...	4.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	20,625	...	...	29.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	15,230	...	...	22.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,490	...	...	13.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,130	...	...	13.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	7,215	...	...	10.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,505	...	...	5.1	...	...
85 years and over	960	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	68,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,075	...	...	58.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	28,680	...	...	41.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	22,415	...	...	32.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	69,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	34,405	...	...	49.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	25,160	...	...	36.3	...	...
Not suitable only	3,455	...	...	5.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,050	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	2,165	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,280	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	220	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,870	...	...	50.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	62,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	13,620	...	...	21.8	...	...
Not in core need	48,875	...	...	78.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	21,930	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.0	...	...	56.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.4	...	...	32.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760	...	...	1,760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,158	...	...	2,158	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,245,000	...	...	1,245,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	47,350	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	46.0	...	...	46.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.6	...	...	25.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,780	...	...	1,780	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,868	...	...	1,868	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	113,685	58,350	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	650	350	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	640	330	305	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	515	255	260	0.5	0.4	0.5
Métis single ancestry	110	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,145	1,105	1,040	1.9	1.9	1.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,060	1,065	995	1.8	1.8	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,550	825	720	1.4	1.4	1.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	495	235	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,885	56,905	53,980	97.5	97.5	97.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	113,685	58,355	55,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	85,705	44,500	41,200	75.4	76.3	74.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,610	3,930	3,680	6.7	6.7	6.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	78,095	40,570	37,525	68.7	69.5	67.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	27,980	13,855	14,125	24.6	23.7	25.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	113,685	58,355	55,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	55,115	29,415	25,700	48.5	50.4	46.4
Immigrants⁸¹	46,185	22,660	23,520	40.6	38.8	42.5
Before 1980	5,510	2,845	2,665	4.8	4.9	4.8
1980 to 1990	4,060	2,020	2,035	3.6	3.5	3.7
1991 to 2000	9,535	4,560	4,975	8.4	7.8	9.0
2001 to 2010	10,095	4,840	5,255	8.9	8.3	9.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	16,990	8,395	8,590	14.9	14.4	15.5
2011 to 2015	5,610	2,815	2,795	4.9	4.8	5.1
2016 to 2021	11,380	5,580	5,795	10.0	9.6	10.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	12,385	6,275	6,110	10.9	10.8	11.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	46,185	22,660	23,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,890	1,525	1,360	6.3	6.7	5.8
5 to 14 years	6,790	3,825	2,975	14.7	16.9	12.6
15 to 24 years	7,110	3,560	3,550	15.4	15.7	15.1
25 to 44 years	24,915	11,610	13,305	53.9	51.2	56.6
45 years and over	4,475	2,150	2,325	9.7	9.5	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	46,185	22,660	23,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	6,195	3,275	2,925	13.4	14.5	12.4
Brazil	1,070	515	550	2.3	2.3	2.3
Colombia	350	185	165	0.8	0.8	0.7
El Salvador	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyana	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	90	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	1,265	630	630	2.7	2.8	2.7
Peru	180	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	95	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	2,105	1,175	935	4.6	5.2	4.0
Other places of birth in Americas	895	510	390	1.9	2.3	1.7
Europe	12,000	6,315	5,685	26.0	27.9	24.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	495	230	260	1.1	1.0	1.1
Croatia	195	85	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
France	585	340	245	1.3	1.5	1.0
Germany	695	355	335	1.5	1.6	1.4
Greece	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	165	95	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italy	415	245	170	0.9	1.1	0.7
Netherlands	215	130	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
Poland	545	280	270	1.2	1.2	1.1
Portugal	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	420	175	240	0.9	0.8	1.0
Russian Federation	1,095	475	625	2.4	2.1	2.7
Serbia⁸⁶	540	240	300	1.2	1.1	1.3
Ukraine	765	350	415	1.7	1.5	1.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,940	1,710	1,230	6.4	7.5	5.2
Other places of birth in Europe	2,825	1,525	1,305	6.1	6.7	5.5
Africa	1,830	1,030	795	4.0	4.5	3.4
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egypt	185	130	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
Eritrea	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somalia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	560	330	230	1.2	1.5	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	805	430	370	1.7	1.9	1.6
Asia	25,330	11,585	13,750	54.8	51.1	58.4
Afghanistan	150	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	5,715	2,895	2,825	12.4	12.8	12.0
Iraq	125	85	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Lebanon	210	150	55	0.5	0.7	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Turkey	420	240	180	0.9	1.1	0.8
China⁹⁰	4,950	1,890	3,050	10.7	8.3	13.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,080	950	1,130	4.5	4.2	4.8
Korea, South⁹²	2,275	950	1,330	4.9	4.2	5.7
Taiwan	1,440	665	775	3.1	2.9	3.3
Philippines	1,825	735	1,085	4.0	3.2	4.6
Viet Nam	370	170	200	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bangladesh	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
India	1,795	1,020	780	3.9	4.5	3.3
Pakistan	300	175	125	0.6	0.8	0.5
Sri Lanka	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	3,430	1,445	1,980	7.4	6.4	8.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	825	455	370	1.8	2.0	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	11,380	5,580	5,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,315	1,145	1,170	20.3	20.5	20.2
Brazil	825	390	440	7.2	7.0	7.6
Colombia	105	55	50	0.9	1.0	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	450	230	220	4.0	4.1	3.8
United States of America	540	275	270	4.7	4.9	4.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	100	55	45	0.9	1.0	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	290	140	145	2.5	2.5	2.5
Europe	3,295	1,825	1,470	29.0	32.7	25.3
France	335	205	135	2.9	3.7	2.3
Germany	145	80	70	1.3	1.4	1.2
Ireland⁹⁶	645	365	280	5.7	6.5	4.8
Italy	115	85	30	1.0	1.5	0.5
Russian Federation	325	150	180	2.9	2.7	3.1
Ukraine	280	110	170	2.5	2.0	2.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	655	405	255	5.8	7.3	4.4
Other places of birth in Europe	795	435	365	7.0	7.8	6.3
Africa	295	185	115	2.6	3.3	2.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	30	0	0.4	0.5	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	35	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	140	85	60	1.2	1.5	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	5,100	2,215	2,880	44.8	39.7	49.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,005	315	690	8.8	5.6	11.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	15	65	0.7	0.3	1.1
India	1,035	605	430	9.1	10.8	7.4
Iran⁸⁸	800	365	440	7.0	6.5	7.6
Iraq	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Israel	95	50	40	0.8	0.9	0.7
Japan	310	90	220	2.7	1.6	3.8
Jordan	25	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	575	210	365	5.1	3.8	6.3
Lebanon	25	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	90	65	25	0.8	1.2	0.4
Philippines	155	60	95	1.4	1.1	1.6
Saudi Arabia	40	20	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Turkey	180	105	75	1.6	1.9	1.3
United Arab Emirates	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Viet Nam	100	35	65	0.9	0.6	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	475	185	290	4.2	3.3	5.0
Oceania and other⁹³	365	210	165	3.2	3.8	2.8
Australia	275	160	105	2.4	2.9	1.8
Other places of birth⁹⁸	100	50	50	0.9	0.9	0.9
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	113,685	58,355	55,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	60,200	29,860	30,340	53.0	51.2	54.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,470	11,440	11,030	19.8	19.6	19.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	31,015	17,055	13,960	27.3	29.2	25.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	40,675	19,820	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	29,265	14,845	14,420	71.9	74.9	69.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	14,830	8,620	6,210	36.5	43.5	29.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	14,435	6,225	8,210	35.5	31.4	39.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,780	2,970	4,810	19.1	15.0	23.1
Refugees¹⁰⁸	3,165	1,770	1,390	7.8	8.9	6.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	455	220	240	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	40,675	19,820	20,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,335	740	595	3.3	3.7	2.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	7,715	4,070	3,640	19.0	20.5	17.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,810	825	980	4.4	4.2	4.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	5,370	2,365	3,010	13.2	11.9	14.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	85	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	24,360	11,775	12,585	59.9	59.4	60.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	113,685	58,350	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	49,105	23,315	25,790	43.2	40.0	46.6
South Asian	5,950	3,115	2,835	5.2	5.3	5.1
Chinese	14,565	6,475	8,085	12.8	11.1	14.6
Black	1,635	995	645	1.4	1.7	1.2
Filipino	2,370	1,015	1,355	2.1	1.7	2.4
Arab	1,150	735	420	1.0	1.3	0.8
Latin American	5,420	2,825	2,595	4.8	4.8	4.7
Southeast Asian	1,650	715	935	1.5	1.2	1.7
West Asian	7,200	3,535	3,670	6.3	6.1	6.6
Korean	3,675	1,510	2,160	3.2	2.6	3.9
Japanese	2,810	1,165	1,645	2.5	2.0	3.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	665	335	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	2,015	895	1,120	1.8	1.5	2.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	64,575	35,035	29,540	56.8	60.0	53.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	113,685	58,355	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,640	3,100	2,540	5.0	5.3	4.6
English	16,125	8,710	7,415	14.2	14.9	13.4
Irish	13,510	7,205	6,310	11.9	12.3	11.4
Scottish	12,715	6,775	5,940	11.2	11.6	10.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,680	3,685	2,995	5.9	6.3	5.4
German	9,205	4,915	4,290	8.1	8.4	7.8
Chinese	13,780	6,075	7,705	12.1	10.4	13.9
Italian	4,540	2,355	2,185	4.0	4.0	3.9
Indian (India)	4,260	2,170	2,095	3.7	3.7	3.8
Ukrainian	5,145	2,730	2,415	4.5	4.7	4.4
Dutch	2,580	1,405	1,170	2.3	2.4	2.1
Polish	3,665	1,900	1,770	3.2	3.3	3.2
Québécois	210	135	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,430	2,470	1,960	3.9	4.2	3.5
Filipino	2,635	1,130	1,510	2.3	1.9	2.7
French Canadian	795	450	345	0.7	0.8	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,730	1,615	1,120	2.4	2.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	940	495	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis	715	360	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,790	1,490	1,300	2.5	2.6	2.3
Russian	3,660	1,705	1,950	3.2	2.9	3.5
Norwegian	2,045	1,115	930	1.8	1.9	1.7
Welsh	1,720	735	985	1.5	1.3	1.8
Portuguese	1,200	555	650	1.1	1.0	1.2
American	1,560	910	660	1.4	1.6	1.2
Spanish	2,700	1,280	1,425	2.4	2.2	2.6
Swedish	1,460	760	700	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hungarian	1,100	585	515	1.0	1.0	0.9
Acadian	150	105	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	470	300	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	640	360	275	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	1,790	890	900	1.6	1.5	1.6
Punjabi	465	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	870	375	495	0.8	0.6	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	540	290	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Greek	745	395	355	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	245	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,180	560	625	1.0	1.0	1.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	3,675	1,500	2,180	3.2	2.6	3.9
Romanian	890	430	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	575	320	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian	5,590	2,730	2,860	4.9	4.7	5.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	285	125	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	975	515	460	0.9	0.9	0.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	290	140	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Sikh	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,015	470	545	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belgian	445	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	345	210	135	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexican	2,445	1,315	1,125	2.2	2.3	2.0
Mennonite	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Swiss	625	355	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Finnish	445	225	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	825	445	380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Japanese	3,200	1,355	1,845	2.8	2.3	3.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	465	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	580	295	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	310	195	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	890	475	410	0.8	0.8	0.7
Tamil	125	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Icelandic	520	255	255	0.5	0.4	0.5
Colombian	565	280	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Moroccan	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	720	380	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Syrian	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	155	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbian	1,220	630	590	1.1	1.1	1.1
Ojibway	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Newfoundlander	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	775	390	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ontarian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	2,050	1,015	1,035	1.8	1.7	1.9
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	860	470	385	0.8	0.8	0.7
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	1,360	665	695	1.2	1.1	1.3
Nigerian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	230	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	580	240	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	360	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Somali	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	1,305	575	730	1.1	1.0	1.3
Iraqi	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	355	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	290	145	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
South African	385	235	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Australian	555	305	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Palestinian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	305	145	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Peruvian	255	145	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yoruba	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	70	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	170	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	280	150	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mohawk	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	125	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	245	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African American	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	330	205	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Cuban	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	255	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Venezuelan	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	205	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bengali	55	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	255	110	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Laotian	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	215	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	175	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ecuadorian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	335	125	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Dominican	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	135	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	265	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	215	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Plains Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	45	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kenyan	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	55	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malay	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yemeni	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Basque	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	50	45	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	140	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	113,685	58,350	55,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,175	870	1,305	1.9	1.5	2.4
Christian	31,905	15,500	16,405	28.1	26.6	29.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,010	3,375	3,635	6.2	5.8	6.6
Anabaptist	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,220	1,100	1,120	2.0	1.9	2.0
Baptist	610	270	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Catholic	14,720	7,370	7,355	12.9	12.6	13.3
Christian Orthodox	2,490	1,125	1,375	2.2	1.9	2.5
Jehovah's Witness	210	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latter Day Saints	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	550	270	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	250	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Presbyterian	605	270	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Church	1,585	680	900	1.4	1.2	1.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,220	620	600	1.1	1.1	1.1
Hindu	1,780	970	810	1.6	1.7	1.5
Jewish	1,745	870	875	1.5	1.5	1.6
Muslim	6,385	3,130	3,255	5.6	5.4	5.9
Sikh	845	365	480	0.7	0.6	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,655	760	895	1.5	1.3	1.6
No religion and secular perspectives	67,110	35,840	31,270	59.0	61.4	56.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	112,840	57,955	54,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	84,350	43,665	40,685	74.8	75.3	74.1
Movers	28,490	14,290	14,200	25.2	24.7	25.9
Non-migrants	17,950	8,985	8,960	15.9	15.5	16.3
Migrants	10,540	5,300	5,240	9.3	9.1	9.5
Internal migrants	6,290	3,110	3,175	5.6	5.4	5.8
Intraprovincial migrants	3,260	1,575	1,685	2.9	2.7	3.1
Interprovincial migrants	3,030	1,535	1,495	2.7	2.6	2.7
External migrants	4,255	2,190	2,055	3.8	3.8	3.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,175	56,525	53,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	44,910	23,405	21,500	40.8	41.4	40.1
Movers	65,265	33,115	32,150	59.2	58.6	59.9
Non-migrants	24,560	12,720	11,840	22.3	22.5	22.1
Migrants	40,705	20,400	20,305	36.9	36.1	37.8
Internal migrants	22,195	11,180	11,015	20.1	19.8	20.5
Intraprovincial migrants	13,230	6,590	6,640	12.0	11.7	12.4
Interprovincial migrants	8,965	4,590	4,370	8.1	8.1	8.1
External migrants	18,510	9,220	9,290	16.8	16.3	17.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,270	54,520	51,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,135	2,920	2,210	4.8	5.4	4.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	101,135	51,595	49,540	95.2	94.6	95.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,710	43,170	39,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,540	1,620	915	3.1	3.8	2.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	80,175	41,545	38,625	96.9	96.2	97.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,270	54,515	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,310	2,450	1,855	4.1	4.5	3.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,840	10,520	8,320	17.7	19.3	16.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	83,120	41,550	41,570	78.2	76.2	80.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,475	11,755	11,720	22.1	21.6	22.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,985	2,525	1,460	3.7	4.6	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,205	1,200	1,005	2.1	2.2	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,785	1,330	455	1.7	2.4	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,205	7,370	7,835	14.3	13.5	15.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,285	1,865	2,420	4.0	3.4	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	59,645	29,790	29,855	56.1	54.6	57.7
Bachelor's degree	36,620	17,965	18,655	34.5	33.0	36.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,830	1,900	1,930	3.6	3.5	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,795	985	815	1.7	1.8	1.6
Master's degree	14,970	7,580	7,390	14.1	13.9	14.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,430	1,365	1,060	2.3	2.5	2.0
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	82,710	43,165	39,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,960	1,275	690	2.4	3.0	1.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,895	7,330	4,560	14.4	17.0	11.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	68,855	34,560	34,295	83.2	80.1	86.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,280	9,560	8,715	22.1	22.1	22.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,055	1,985	1,070	3.7	4.6	2.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,755	985	765	2.1	2.3	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,305	1,000	305	1.6	2.3	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,865	6,060	5,810	14.3	14.0	14.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,360	1,520	1,840	4.1	3.5	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	50,575	25,000	25,580	61.1	57.9	64.7
Bachelor's degree	31,015	15,210	15,810	37.5	35.2	40.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,170	1,525	1,645	3.8	3.5	4.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,485	785	700	1.8	1.8	1.8
Master's degree	13,085	6,520	6,560	15.8	15.1	16.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,820	955	865	2.2	2.2	2.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	106,270	54,515	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,150	12,970	10,175	21.8	23.8	19.7
Education	2,905	780	2,130	2.7	1.4	4.1
13. Education	2,905	780	2,130	2.7	1.4	4.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	7,420	3,580	3,840	7.0	6.6	7.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,240	880	360	1.2	1.6	0.7
50. Visual and performing arts	6,180	2,705	3,475	5.8	5.0	6.7
Humanities	5,425	1,760	3,665	5.1	3.2	7.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	965	165	795	0.9	0.3	1.5
23. English language and literature/letters	1,800	460	1,345	1.7	0.8	2.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,345	490	855	1.3	0.9	1.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	265	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	170	110	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	545	285	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	190	55	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	14,380	5,840	8,545	13.5	10.7	16.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	300	80	225	0.3	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,275	900	1,380	2.1	1.7	2.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	875	200	675	0.8	0.4	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	2,645	1,115	1,530	2.5	2.0	3.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	350	120	230	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	2,475	760	1,720	2.3	1.4	3.3
45. Social sciences	5,460	2,675	2,785	5.1	4.9	5.4
Business, management and public administration	19,885	9,825	10,060	18.7	18.0	19.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	720	245	470	0.7	0.4	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	19,160	9,575	9,585	18.0	17.6	18.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,030	2,190	1,835	3.8	4.0	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,850	845	1,000	1.7	1.6	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	815	430	385	0.8	0.8	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,220	860	360	1.1	1.6	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,990	4,230	1,755	5.6	7.8	3.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,850	3,610	1,240	4.6	6.6	2.4
25. Library science	225	35	185	0.2	0.1	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	655	395	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	260	190	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,295	8,645	2,650	10.6	15.9	5.1
04. Architecture and related services	1,475	845	630	1.4	1.6	1.2
14. Engineering	6,680	4,980	1,700	6.3	9.1	3.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,445	1,195	250	1.4	2.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	885	855	30	0.8	1.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	490	465	25	0.5	0.9	0.0
48. Precision production	310	295	10	0.3	0.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,010	500	510	1.0	0.9	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	515	220	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	500	275	215	0.5	0.5	0.4
Health and related fields	8,110	2,810	5,295	7.6	5.2	10.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	750	470	280	0.7	0.9	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,715	1,970	4,745	6.3	3.6	9.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	605	360	240	0.6	0.7	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,655	1,370	1,280	2.5	2.5	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,050	880	1,165	1.9	1.6	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	205	145	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	380	330	50	0.4	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	82,710	43,170	39,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,850	8,605	5,245	16.7	19.9	13.3
Education	1,905	530	1,375	2.3	1.2	3.5
13. Education	1,905	530	1,375	2.3	1.2	3.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,405	3,210	3,195	7.7	7.4	8.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	1,160	830	330	1.4	1.9	0.8
50. Visual and performing arts	5,250	2,380	2,865	6.3	5.5	7.2
Humanities	4,185	1,270	2,915	5.1	2.9	7.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	800	120	680	1.0	0.3	1.7
23. English language and literature/letters	1,360	320	1,045	1.6	0.7	2.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,115	395	725	1.3	0.9	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	185	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	110	85	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
54. History	405	220	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,040	4,810	7,235	14.6	11.1	18.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	275	70	195	0.3	0.2	0.5
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	2,040	820	1,215	2.5	1.9	3.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	160	535	0.8	0.4	1.4
22. Legal professions and studies	2,205	870	1,335	2.7	2.0	3.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	285	110	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
42. Psychology	2,020	600	1,420	2.4	1.4	3.6
45. Social sciences	4,530	2,175	2,355	5.5	5.0	6.0
Business, management and public administration	16,900	8,340	8,565	20.4	19.3	21.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	550	195	350	0.7	0.5	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	16,345	8,140	8,205	19.8	18.9	20.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,320	1,760	1,555	4.0	4.1	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,530	690	835	1.8	1.6	2.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	670	345	325	0.8	0.8	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	990	675	315	1.2	1.6	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,295	3,800	1,490	6.4	8.8	3.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,415	3,305	1,110	5.3	7.7	2.8
25. Library science	145	30	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	515	315	205	0.6	0.7	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	215	155	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,320	6,980	2,335	11.3	16.2	5.9
04. Architecture and related services	1,240	660	580	1.5	1.5	1.5
14. Engineering	5,625	4,130	1,490	6.8	9.6	3.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,185	970	220	1.4	2.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	690	675	15	0.8	1.6	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	355	340	15	0.4	0.8	0.0
48. Precision production	215	205	10	0.3	0.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	830	405	425	1.0	0.9	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	430	190	235	0.5	0.4	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	400	210	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Health and related fields	6,540	2,340	4,205	7.9	5.4	10.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	655	425	230	0.8	1.0	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,375	1,620	3,750	6.5	3.8	9.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	475	285	195	0.6	0.7	0.5
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,095	1,100	1,000	2.5	2.5	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,645	740	905	2.0	1.7	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	180	115	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	270	240	30	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	82,710	43,170	39,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,850	8,605	5,245	16.7	19.9	13.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	68,855	34,560	34,300	83.2	80.1	86.7
Location of study inside Canada	42,210	21,685	20,525	51.0	50.2	51.9
Same as province or territory of residence	28,845	14,355	14,490	34.9	33.3	36.6
Different than province or territory of residence	13,365	7,330	6,035	16.2	17.0	15.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	26,640	12,875	13,765	32.2	29.8	34.8
Americas	7,670	3,985	3,685	9.3	9.2	9.3
United States of America	4,160	2,260	1,905	5.0	5.2	4.8
Mexico	1,260	635	630	1.5	1.5	1.6
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	1,370	640	735	1.7	1.5	1.9
Colombia	280	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Peru	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	425	255	170	0.5	0.6	0.4
Europe	8,755	4,615	4,140	10.6	10.7	10.5
Belgium	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	870	510	360	1.1	1.2	0.9
Germany	325	185	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Switzerland	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	210	95	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romania	175	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian Federation	595	280	320	0.7	0.6	0.8
Ukraine	440	160	275	0.5	0.4	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	1,470	815	650	1.8	1.9	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,565	1,445	1,125	3.1	3.3	2.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	120	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italy	260	150	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	295	135	160	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other locations of study in Europe	1,050	535	515	1.3	1.2	1.3
Africa	420	265	155	0.5	0.6	0.4
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	265	165	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	8,645	3,395	5,250	10.5	7.9	13.3
Iran⁸⁸	1,990	845	1,140	2.4	2.0	2.9
Iraq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	150	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Turkey	300	160	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
China⁹⁰	1,325	495	830	1.6	1.1	2.1
Taiwan	240	60	185	0.3	0.1	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	180	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
Japan	995	280	720	1.2	0.6	1.8
Korea, South⁹²	1,225	415	815	1.5	1.0	2.1
Philippines	540	180	350	0.7	0.4	0.9
Viet Nam	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	815	425	390	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pakistan	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	665	295	375	0.8	0.7	0.9
Oceania	1,150	605	545	1.4	1.4	1.4
Australia	845	455	385	1.0	1.1	1.0
New Zealand	310	155	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	106,270	54,515	51,755	...	...	...
In the labour force	79,750	42,595	37,150	...	...	...
Employed	72,995	39,225	33,765	...	...	...
Unemployed	6,755	3,365	3,385	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	26,520	11,920	14,600	...	...	...
Participation rate	75.0	78.1	71.8	75.0	78.1	71.8
Employment rate	68.7	72.0	65.2	68.7	72.0	65.2
Unemployment rate	8.5	7.9	9.1	8.5	7.9	9.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	106,270	54,515	51,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,185	12,845	15,340	26.5	23.6	29.6
Worked	78,085	41,670	36,415	73.5	76.4	70.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	43,660	25,030	18,630	41.1	45.9	36.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,425	16,640	17,780	32.4	30.5	34.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.9	40.5	41.8	42.9	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	79,750	42,595	37,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,405	620	780	1.8	1.5	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	78,345	41,970	36,370	98.2	98.5	97.9
Employee	63,685	33,095	30,585	79.9	77.7	82.3
Permanent position	52,660	27,785	24,875	66.0	65.2	67.0
Temporary position	11,025	5,310	5,710	13.8	12.5	15.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,145	2,510	2,640	6.5	5.9	7.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,875	2,805	3,075	7.4	6.6	8.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	14,660	8,880	5,785	18.4	20.8	15.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	79,750	42,595	37,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,405	620	780	1.8	1.5	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	78,345	41,970	36,370	98.2	98.5	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,640	1,190	455	2.1	2.8	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	18,230	7,440	10,785	22.9	17.5	29.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,875	8,660	3,215	14.9	20.3	8.7
3 Health occupations	4,875	1,745	3,130	6.1	4.1	8.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,050	3,740	5,305	11.3	8.8	14.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	7,895	4,400	3,500	9.9	10.3	9.4
6 Sales and service occupations	18,025	9,055	8,965	22.6	21.3	24.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,775	5,015	755	7.2	11.8	2.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	350	290	60	0.4	0.7	0.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	630	435	195	0.8	1.0	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	79,750	42,595	37,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,405	620	780	1.8	1.5	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	78,345	41,970	36,370	98.2	98.5	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	250	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	430	275	160	0.5	0.6	0.4
22 Utilities	360	195	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
23 Construction	3,540	2,930	605	4.4	6.9	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	2,165	1,385	780	2.7	3.3	2.1
41 Wholesale trade	2,415	1,490	925	3.0	3.5	2.5
44-45 Retail trade	7,285	3,590	3,695	9.1	8.4	9.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,315	1,685	625	2.9	4.0	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	6,265	4,060	2,200	7.9	9.5	5.9
52 Finance and insurance	4,870	2,695	2,180	6.1	6.3	5.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,805	1,545	1,260	3.5	3.6	3.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	15,685	9,000	6,685	19.7	21.1	18.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	360	190	175	0.5	0.4	0.5
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,485	1,355	1,125	3.1	3.2	3.0
61 Educational services	5,275	2,155	3,125	6.6	5.1	8.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,515	2,440	5,075	9.4	5.7	13.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,380	1,285	1,085	3.0	3.0	2.9
72 Accommodation and food services	6,100	3,090	3,010	7.6	7.3	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,685	960	1,725	3.4	2.3	4.6
91 Public administration	3,175	1,520	1,655	4.0	3.6	4.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	83,370	44,450	38,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,840	40,865	34,975	91.0	91.9	89.9
French	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	990	490	500	1.2	1.1	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	990	490	500	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	1,300	620	680	1.6	1.4	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	4,820	2,265	2,560	5.8	5.1	6.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	83,370	44,450	38,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	82,385	43,970	38,410	98.8	98.9	98.7
Official languages	80,360	43,035	37,325	96.4	96.8	95.9
English	80,070	42,910	37,160	96.0	96.5	95.5
French	290	120	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	2,025	940	1,085	2.4	2.1	2.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,025	940	1,085	2.4	2.1	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	725	390	335	0.9	0.9	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	300	170	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	290	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	290	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	280	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	355	190	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	280	150	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	300	125	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	640	260	375	0.8	0.6	1.0
Chinese languages	640	260	375	0.8	0.6	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	520	180	340	0.6	0.4	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	110	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	985	475	510	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	160	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	785	370	415	0.9	0.8	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	83,370	44,450	38,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,820	41,810	36,010	93.3	94.1	92.5
English	1,095	490	610	1.3	1.1	1.6
French	1,015	485	530	1.2	1.1	1.4
Non-official language	2,725	1,295	1,430	3.3	2.9	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,725	1,295	1,430	3.3	2.9	3.7
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	195	115	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	435	220	215	0.5	0.5	0.6
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	72,990	39,230	33,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	31,870	17,265	14,600	43.7	44.0	43.2
Worked outside Canada	445	285	155	0.6	0.7	0.5
No fixed workplace address	6,145	4,140	2,000	8.4	10.6	5.9
Usual place of work	34,545	17,535	17,005	47.3	44.7	50.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,540	17,535	17,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,715	12,600	13,115	74.4	71.9	77.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,285	4,630	3,650	24.0	26.4	21.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	335	190	140	1.0	1.1	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	210	110	95	0.6	0.6	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,680	21,670	19,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,665	9,505	6,165	38.5	43.9	32.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,430	9,015	5,410	35.5	41.6	28.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,235	485	755	3.0	2.2	4.0
Public transit	7,985	3,705	4,280	19.6	17.1	22.5
Walked	13,795	6,585	7,210	33.9	30.4	37.9
Bicycle	1,820	1,095	725	4.5	5.1	3.8
Other method	1,410	780	630	3.5	3.6	3.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,680	21,670	19,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,205	5,395	4,805	25.1	24.9	25.3
15 to 29 minutes	16,115	8,365	7,745	39.6	38.6	40.7
30 to 44 minutes	9,085	4,905	4,175	22.3	22.6	22.0
45 to 59 minutes	3,050	1,710	1,340	7.5	7.9	7.0
60 minutes and over	2,235	1,305	935	5.5	6.0	4.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,680	21,670	19,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,350	925	420	3.3	4.3	2.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,790	3,010	1,775	11.8	13.9	9.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	8,795	4,650	4,145	21.6	21.5	21.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,160	5,575	5,590	27.4	25.7	29.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,570	4,735	4,830	23.5	21.9	25.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,020	2,780	2,245	12.3	12.8	11.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,555	4,445	4,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	740	375	365	8.6	8.4	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,815	4,070	3,750	91.4	91.6	91.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,840	2,555	2,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	460	230	230	9.5	9.0	10.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	295	150	150	6.1	5.9	6.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	160	90	75	3.3	3.5	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,375	2,320	2,055	90.4	90.8	89.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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