Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Similkameen--South Okanagan--West KootenayMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	111,285	54,475	56,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,030	6,735	6,300	11.7	12.4	11.1
0 to 4 years	3,700	1,860	1,830	3.3	3.4	3.2
5 to 9 years	4,525	2,345	2,180	4.1	4.3	3.8
10 to 14 years	4,815	2,525	2,285	4.3	4.6	4.0
15 to 64 years	63,420	31,125	32,295	57.0	57.1	56.8
15 to 19 years	4,680	2,455	2,225	4.2	4.5	3.9
20 to 24 years	4,090	2,185	1,905	3.7	4.0	3.4
25 to 29 years	4,580	2,295	2,285	4.1	4.2	4.0
30 to 34 years	5,570	2,775	2,795	5.0	5.1	4.9
35 to 39 years	6,200	3,085	3,110	5.6	5.7	5.5
40 to 44 years	5,835	2,940	2,895	5.2	5.4	5.1
45 to 49 years	5,960	2,920	3,040	5.4	5.4	5.4
50 to 54 years	6,590	3,155	3,440	5.9	5.8	6.1
55 to 59 years	8,900	4,090	4,810	8.0	7.5	8.5
60 to 64 years	11,015	5,225	5,795	9.9	9.6	10.2
65 years and over	34,825	16,615	18,210	31.3	30.5	32.1
65 to 69 years	10,560	5,125	5,435	9.5	9.4	9.6
70 to 74 years	9,260	4,565	4,695	8.3	8.4	8.3
75 to 79 years	6,420	3,160	3,255	5.8	5.8	5.7
80 to 84 years	4,400	2,060	2,340	4.0	3.8	4.1
85 years and over	4,190	1,705	2,490	3.8	3.1	4.4
85 to 89 years	2,625	1,165	1,460	2.4	2.1	2.6
90 to 94 years	1,240	445	795	1.1	0.8	1.4
95 to 99 years	285	85	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.7	12.4	11.1	11.7	12.4	11.1
15 to 64 years	57.0	57.1	56.8	57.0	57.1	56.8
65 years and over	31.3	30.5	32.1	31.3	30.5	32.1
85 years and over	3.8	3.1	4.4	3.8	3.1	4.4
Average age of the population	49.5	48.6	50.4	49.5	48.6	50.4
Median age of the population	54.4	52.8	55.6	54.4	52.8	55.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	31,965	...	...	63.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,265	...	...	2.5	...	...
Row house	3,050	...	...	6.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,740	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,130	...	...	14.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,230	...	...	2.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	4,010	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,250	...	...	32.1	...	...
2 persons	21,680	...	...	42.8	...	...
3 persons	5,790	...	...	11.4	...	...
4 persons	4,425	...	...	8.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,475	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	108,435	53,245	55,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,250	47,745	50,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,760	29,365	29,390	59.8	61.5	58.2
Married	46,970	23,500	23,470	47.8	49.2	46.5
Living common-law	11,785	5,860	5,925	12.0	12.3	11.7
Living common law - Never married	7,320	3,705	3,615	7.5	7.8	7.2
Living common law - Separated	615	315	300	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	3,325	1,640	1,685	3.4	3.4	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	520	200	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	39,495	18,375	21,115	40.2	38.5	41.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,710	11,675	9,035	21.1	24.5	17.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,010	1,395	1,615	3.1	2.9	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,200	3,530	4,670	8.3	7.4	9.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,570	1,780	5,795	7.7	3.7	11.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	22,375	...	...	67.5	...	...
3 persons	5,265	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	4,025	...	...	12.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,495	...	...	4.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,615	...	...	86.3	...	...
Married couples	22,725	...	...	68.5	...	...
With children⁶	7,455	...	...	22.5	...	...
Without children	15,270	...	...	46.0	...	...
Common-law couples	5,890	...	...	17.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,775	...	...	5.4	...	...
Without children	4,115	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,540	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,390	...	...	10.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,150	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	108,435	53,245	55,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	84,590	42,065	42,525	78.0	79.0	77.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,240	28,560	28,675	52.8	53.6	52.0
Parents in one-parent families	4,545	1,155	3,390	4.2	2.2	6.1
Children⁶	22,810	12,355	10,455	21.0	23.2	18.9
In a two-parent family	16,220	8,670	7,555	15.0	16.3	13.7
In a one-parent family	6,590	3,690	2,905	6.1	6.9	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,850	11,180	12,670	22.0	21.0	23.0
Living alone	16,250	7,210	9,035	15.0	13.5	16.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,235	970	1,265	2.1	1.8	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	5,370	2,995	2,375	5.0	5.6	4.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,225	...	...	57.7	...	...
Couple-family households	25,780	...	...	50.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,110	...	...	16.0	...	...
Without children	17,665	...	...	34.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,445	...	...	6.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,030	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	355	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,590	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,165	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	16,245	...	...	32.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	95,440	46,530	48,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,655	45,670	47,985	98.1	98.2	98.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	42,800	33,200	37,200	42,800	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,680	45,680	47,995	98.2	98.2	98.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	39,200	31,000	34,400	39,200	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,920	40,945	41,970	86.9	88.0	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	28,800	36,000	23,200	28,800	36,000	23,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,680	29,990	28,690	61.5	64.5	58.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	37,200	26,200	31,000	37,200	26,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,780	37,900	42,875	84.6	81.5	87.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,600	14,000	13,300	13,600	14,000	13,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,410	4,685	4,720	9.9	10.1	9.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,760	5,480	5,560	5,760	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,845	9,840	11,005	21.8	21.1	22.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	95,720	46,600	49,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,035	45,860	48,180	98.2	98.4	98.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,120	55,900	40,720	48,120	55,900	40,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,065	45,880	48,190	98.3	98.5	98.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,440	47,120	36,080	41,440	47,120	36,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,215	41,160	42,050	86.9	88.3	85.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,840	50,480	33,400	41,840	50,480	33,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,895	30,180	28,715	61.5	64.8	58.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,600	49,960	34,880	42,600	49,960	34,880
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,970	37,920	43,055	84.6	81.4	87.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,880	12,840	12,920	12,880	12,840	12,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,315	4,660	4,655	9.7	10.0	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,550	6,600	6,580	6,550	6,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,810	9,995	10,815	21.7	21.4	22.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,480	8,890	8,700	8,480	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	95,720	46,600	49,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,205	12,855	10,350	24.2	27.6	21.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	68,000	53,200	59,600	68,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,100	77,800	58,350	69,100	77,800	58,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,030	12,425	13,600	27.2	26.7	27.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,200	17,200	19,000	21,200	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,520	34,760	24,720	29,520	34,760	24,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.0	81.0	71.6	77.0	81.0	71.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.4	58.8	51.0	55.4	58.8	51.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	23.0	19.0	28.4	23.0	19.0	28.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.3	6.6	5.3	4.3	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.3	4.9	4.0	3.3	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	95,440	46,530	48,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,785	860	925	1.9	1.8	1.9
With total income	93,655	45,670	47,985	98.1	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,210	2,980	4,225	7.7	6.5	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	12,345	4,825	7,515	13.2	10.6	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	17,165	7,475	9,690	18.3	16.4	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	13,450	5,940	7,510	14.4	13.0	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	11,005	5,180	5,820	11.8	11.3	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,470	4,205	4,265	9.0	9.2	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,060	3,370	2,685	6.5	7.4	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,510	2,680	1,825	4.8	5.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,195	1,990	1,210	3.4	4.3	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,615	1,630	985	2.8	3.6	2.1
$100,000 and over	7,640	5,385	2,250	8.2	11.8	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	5,350	3,675	1,675	5.7	8.0	3.5
$150,000 and over	2,285	1,715	570	2.4	3.8	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	95,440	46,530	48,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,760	845	915	1.8	1.8	1.9
With after-tax income	93,680	45,680	48,000	98.2	98.2	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,630	3,110	4,520	8.1	6.8	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,755	4,995	7,760	13.6	10.9	16.2
$20,000 to $29,999	19,050	8,255	10,790	20.3	18.1	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	15,400	7,010	8,390	16.4	15.3	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,990	5,845	6,150	12.8	12.8	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,535	4,635	3,905	9.1	10.1	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,695	3,415	2,275	6.1	7.5	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,980	2,445	1,535	4.3	5.4	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	2,890	1,845	1,050	3.1	4.0	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,840	1,275	565	2.0	2.8	1.2
$100,000 and over	3,915	2,860	1,055	4.2	6.3	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,075	1,490	585	2.2	3.3	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,835	1,370	470	2.0	3.0	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	95,440	46,530	48,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	36,760	16,540	20,220	38.5	35.5	41.3
With employment income	58,685	29,990	28,690	61.5	64.5	58.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,430	5,140	5,290	17.8	17.1	18.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,950	2,150	2,805	8.4	7.2	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,305	3,160	4,140	12.4	10.5	14.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,045	2,715	3,330	10.3	9.1	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,560	2,470	3,090	9.5	8.2	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,770	2,255	2,515	8.1	7.5	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,325	2,080	2,240	7.4	7.0	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,370	1,990	1,380	5.7	6.6	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,635	1,610	1,025	4.5	5.4	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,150	1,345	810	3.7	4.5	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,855	1,160	700	3.2	3.9	2.4
$100,000 and over	5,295	3,930	1,365	9.0	13.1	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,790	1,935	855	4.8	6.5	3.0
$125,000 and over	2,510	1,990	510	4.3	6.7	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	95,440	46,530	48,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,100	44,880	47,220	96.5	96.5	96.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,400	30,200	35,200	42,400	30,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	92,300	44,905	47,400	96.7	96.5	96.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	38,000	27,800	32,000	38,000	27,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,045	40,955	42,090	87.0	88.0	86.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	38,000	24,400	30,200	38,000	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,900	31,865	31,040	65.9	68.5	63.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,800	36,800	25,000	29,800	36,800	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,975	31,190	37,790	72.3	67.0	77.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,200	12,500	10,500	11,200	12,500	10,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,000	4,060	3,940	8.4	8.7	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,640	5,560	5,600	5,640	5,560
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	95,720	46,600	49,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,405	45,015	47,390	96.5	96.6	96.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,560	55,300	38,240	46,560	55,300	38,240
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	92,620	45,035	47,580	96.8	96.6	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,440	46,000	33,200	39,440	46,000	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,290	41,190	42,100	87.0	88.4	85.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,680	52,000	33,560	42,680	52,000	33,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,035	32,090	30,945	65.9	68.9	63.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,520	49,800	32,920	41,520	49,800	32,920
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,240	31,250	37,985	72.3	67.1	77.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,780	11,150	10,480	10,780	11,150	10,480
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,050	4,115	3,940	8.4	8.8	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,760	6,375	7,160	6,760	6,375	7,160
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	95,720	46,600	49,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,005	12,720	10,280	24.0	27.3	20.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	66,000	48,800	56,800	66,000	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,500	76,600	53,850	66,500	76,600	53,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,820	11,895	12,920	25.9	25.5	26.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	26,800	21,200	23,800	26,800	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,600	41,320	28,440	34,600	41,320	28,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.6	86.0	78.0	82.6	86.0	78.0
Employment income (%)	60.9	64.2	56.3	60.9	64.2	56.3
Government transfers (%)	17.4	14.0	22.0	17.4	14.0	22.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,360	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,800	...	...	76,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,560	...	...	41,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,600	...	...	93,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	500	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,170	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,810	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,105	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,080	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,490	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,495	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,280	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,425	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,785	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,535	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,210	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,850	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,165	...	...	31.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,550	...	...	11.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,720	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,855	...	...	7.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,040	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	505	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	520	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,200	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,955	...	...	5.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,365	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,410	...	...	4.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,810	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,730	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,670	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,740	...	...	9.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,370	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,040	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,510	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,940	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,565	...	...	24.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,270	...	...	10.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,075	...	...	6.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,225	...	...	8.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	18,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,325	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,000	...	...	60,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,615	10,205	11,410	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,600	34,000	35,600	37,600	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,400	32,000	33,200	34,400	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,880	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,100	...	...	108,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	18,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,500	...	...	82,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,400	...	...	146,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,200	...	...	123,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,300	...	...	66,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,580	10,040	11,540	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,920	48,680	41,680	44,920	48,680	41,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,400	42,000	37,160	39,400	42,000	37,160
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	108,435	53,245	55,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,845	8,180	7,665	14.6	15.4	13.9
0 to 5 years	4,580	2,320	2,265	4.2	4.4	4.1
18 to 64 years	59,630	29,090	30,540	55.0	54.6	55.3
65 years and over	32,960	15,970	16,985	30.4	30.0	30.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,835	5,895	6,940	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,810	920	885	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	510	255	250	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,990	2,855	3,130	...	...	...
65 years and over	5,035	2,115	2,925	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.8	11.1	12.6	11.8	11.1	12.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.3	11.6	11.4	11.3	11.6
0 to 5 years (%)	11.1	11.1	11.0	11.1	11.1	11.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	9.8	10.3	10.1	9.8	10.3
65 years and over (%)	15.3	13.2	17.2	15.3	13.2	17.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	104,780	51,475	53,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,340	7,935	7,410	14.6	15.4	13.9
0 to 5 years	4,425	2,255	2,170	4.2	4.4	4.1
18 to 64 years	57,895	28,270	29,620	55.3	54.9	55.6
65 years and over	31,545	15,270	16,275	30.1	29.7	30.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,265	1,640	1,620	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	475	240	240	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	105	55	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,360	1,215	1,140	...	...	...
65 years and over	430	185	245	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.0	3.2	3.1	3.0	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.4	2.1	2.3	2.4	2.1
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.3	3.9	4.1	4.3	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	108,440	53,240	55,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	59,270	28,175	31,095	54.7	52.9	56.3
In bottom decile	11,720	5,555	6,160	10.8	10.4	11.2
In second decile	12,875	5,890	6,990	11.9	11.1	12.7
In third decile	11,830	5,610	6,220	10.9	10.5	11.3
In fourth decile	11,355	5,480	5,875	10.5	10.3	10.6
In fifth decile	11,480	5,635	5,845	10.6	10.6	10.6
In top half of the distribution	49,170	25,070	24,105	45.3	47.1	43.7
In sixth decile	11,075	5,555	5,525	10.2	10.4	10.0
In seventh decile	10,330	5,170	5,160	9.5	9.7	9.3
In eighth decile	10,025	5,150	4,880	9.2	9.7	8.8
In ninth decile	9,430	4,895	4,535	8.7	9.2	8.2
In top decile	8,305	4,300	4,010	7.7	8.1	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	108,440	...	...	108,440	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.321	...	...	0.321	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.461	...	...	0.461	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.285	...	...	0.285	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	109,640	53,805	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	102,260	50,400	51,865	93.3	93.7	92.9
French only	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	6,490	2,960	3,525	5.9	5.5	6.3
Neither English nor French	835	415	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	109,640	53,805	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,955	52,460	54,495	97.6	97.5	97.6
French	1,715	860	855	1.6	1.6	1.5
English and French	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	815	410	405	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	109,640	53,805	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,825	52,955	54,870	98.3	98.4	98.3
Official languages	96,110	47,545	48,570	87.7	88.4	87.0
English	94,245	46,610	47,635	86.0	86.6	85.3
French	1,865	930	935	1.7	1.7	1.7
Non-official languages	11,720	5,410	6,305	10.7	10.1	11.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,610	5,370	6,240	10.6	10.0	11.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	520	155	370	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	415	120	290	0.4	0.2	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,660	4,595	5,070	8.8	8.5	9.1
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,015	855	1,155	1.8	1.6	2.1
Baltic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,995	850	1,145	1.8	1.6	2.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	230	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,170	485	685	1.1	0.9	1.2
Rusyn	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,745	1,270	1,480	2.5	2.4	2.7
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,760	805	955	1.6	1.5	1.7
German	1,675	770	905	1.5	1.4	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	780	375	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	520	255	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	205	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,890	1,455	1,440	2.6	2.7	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,800	1,400	1,400	2.6	2.6	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,615	1,300	1,315	2.4	2.4	2.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,885	945	935	1.7	1.8	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	410	205	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	785	390	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	645	325	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	175	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	395	180	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	390	170	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	15	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	325	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,815	850	960	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	420	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,235	590	645	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	109,640	53,805	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	99,110	48,875	50,240	90.4	90.8	90.0
French	355	190	165	0.3	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	2,640	1,315	1,325	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,640	1,310	1,325	2.4	2.4	2.4
English and French	945	425	515	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	6,265	2,855	3,405	5.7	5.3	6.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	109,640	53,805	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,480	53,260	55,215	98.9	99.0	98.9
Official languages	103,950	51,040	52,910	94.8	94.9	94.8
English	103,470	50,795	52,675	94.4	94.4	94.3
French	480	245	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Non-official languages	4,530	2,225	2,305	4.1	4.1	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,525	2,225	2,305	4.1	4.1	4.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	190	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,690	1,845	1,845	3.4	3.4	3.3
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	345	160	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	190	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	170	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,380	1,190	1,190	2.2	2.2	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,345	1,170	1,170	2.1	2.2	2.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,240	1,115	1,125	2.0	2.1	2.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	625	335	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	265	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	310	205	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	200	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,160	545	615	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and French	160	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	975	450	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	109,640	53,805	55,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	103,125	50,845	52,280	94.1	94.5	93.6
English	1,805	865	935	1.6	1.6	1.7
French	700	310	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	3,455	1,540	1,920	3.2	2.9	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,365	1,500	1,865	3.1	2.8	3.3
English and French	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	165	80	80	0.2	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	255	100	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	108,890	53,420	55,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,040	53,010	55,030	99.2	99.2	99.2
English	107,995	52,990	55,010	99.2	99.2	99.2
French	6,560	3,080	3,480	6.0	5.8	6.3
Non-official languages	15,705	7,230	8,470	14.4	13.5	15.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	380	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	310	135	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	300	130	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,345	7,080	8,265	14.1	13.3	14.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	720	210	505	0.7	0.4	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	635	170	460	0.6	0.3	0.8
Waray-Waray	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,795	6,090	6,705	11.8	11.4	12.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,405	1,010	1,400	2.2	1.9	2.5
Baltic languages	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,370	985	1,385	2.2	1.8	2.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	210	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	245	90	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	1,495	620	880	1.4	1.2	1.6
Rusyn	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	200	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,500	1,675	1,825	3.2	3.1	3.3
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,425	1,185	1,240	2.2	2.2	2.2
German	2,405	1,180	1,230	2.2	2.2	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	905	430	475	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	265	140	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	525	235	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	295	125	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,350	1,665	1,680	3.1	3.1	3.0
Indo-Aryan languages	3,250	1,615	1,640	3.0	3.0	3.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	720	410	310	0.7	0.8	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,020	1,485	1,535	2.8	2.8	2.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,780	1,865	1,915	3.5	3.5	3.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	620	255	370	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	880	460	415	0.8	0.9	0.7
Romanian	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,375	1,190	1,185	2.2	2.2	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	225	85	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	245	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	215	75	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	180	60	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	525	235	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	520	235	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	300	125	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hungarian	250	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,895	53,420	55,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,935	3,815	4,115	7.3	7.1	7.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,680	3,680	4,000	7.1	6.9	7.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,090	1,960	2,135	3.8	3.7	3.8
Métis	3,540	1,695	1,850	3.3	3.2	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	100,960	49,605	51,355	92.7	92.9	92.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	108,895	53,420	55,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,865	1,360	1,505	2.6	2.5	2.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,025	52,065	53,965	97.4	97.5	97.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	38,490	...	...	75.8	...	...
Renter	12,105	...	...	23.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	150	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,550	...	...	12.9	...	...
Not condominium	44,200	...	...	87.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	5,465	...	...	10.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,270	...	...	32.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,145	...	...	31.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,570	...	...	24.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,955	...	...	25.5	...	...
5 rooms	8,765	...	...	17.3	...	...
6 rooms	7,825	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	6,450	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,760	...	...	29.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,295	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	455	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,300	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,450	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,310	...	...	18.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,395	...	...	30.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,635	...	...	13.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,165	...	...	16.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,415	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,125	...	...	6.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,210	...	...	4.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,500	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	47,635	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,115	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,680	...	...	50.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,880	...	...	45.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,195	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	845	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,165	...	...	8.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,340	...	...	12.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,720	...	...	13.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,495	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,930	...	...	23.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,880	...	...	13.6	...	...
85 years and over	2,380	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	48,275	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,125	...	...	81.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,145	...	...	18.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,300	...	...	17.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,730	...	...	25.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,310	...	...	16.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,135	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,335	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	175	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	635	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	38,020	...	...	74.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	47,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,970	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not in core need	43,460	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,435	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.2	...	...	49.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.4	...	...	12.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	780	...	...	780	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,112	...	...	1,112	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	480,000	...	...	480,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	541,500	...	...	541,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,945	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.8	...	...	38.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	19.5	...	...	19.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,080	...	...	1,080	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,196	...	...	1,196	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	150	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	16.7	...	...	16.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	352	...	...	352	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	460	...	...	460	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	108,890	53,425	55,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,580	1,290	1,290	2.4	2.4	2.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,525	1,260	1,275	2.3	2.4	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,940	930	1,010	1.8	1.7	1.8
Métis single ancestry	565	320	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,215	2,965	3,250	5.7	5.5	5.9
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,070	2,885	3,185	5.6	5.4	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,825	1,840	1,985	3.5	3.4	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,225	1,030	1,185	2.0	1.9	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	100,095	49,165	50,930	91.9	92.0	91.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	108,895	53,420	55,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	104,565	51,395	53,170	96.0	96.2	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,815	8,260	7,560	14.5	15.5	13.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	88,750	43,140	45,610	81.5	80.8	82.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,330	2,025	2,305	4.0	3.8	4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	108,895	53,420	55,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	93,640	46,265	47,380	86.0	86.6	85.4
Immigrants⁸¹	14,020	6,530	7,495	12.9	12.2	13.5
Before 1980	6,650	3,115	3,530	6.1	5.8	6.4
1980 to 1990	1,700	790	910	1.6	1.5	1.6
1991 to 2000	1,720	775	940	1.6	1.5	1.7
2001 to 2010	1,905	860	1,050	1.7	1.6	1.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,045	985	1,060	1.9	1.8	1.9
2011 to 2015	950	485	470	0.9	0.9	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,095	505	590	1.0	0.9	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,225	630	600	1.1	1.2	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,025	6,530	7,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,610	835	770	11.5	12.8	10.3
5 to 14 years	2,355	1,150	1,195	16.8	17.6	16.0
15 to 24 years	3,390	1,535	1,860	24.2	23.5	24.8
25 to 44 years	5,390	2,450	2,940	38.4	37.5	39.3
45 years and over	1,270	550	720	9.1	8.4	9.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,025	6,530	7,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,335	965	1,370	16.6	14.8	18.3
Brazil	50	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Colombia	35	10	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
El Salvador	110	70	45	0.8	1.1	0.6
Guyana	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	35	45	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mexico	135	70	70	1.0	1.1	0.9
Peru	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United States of America	1,600	630	975	11.4	9.6	13.0
Other places of birth in Americas	260	100	160	1.9	1.5	2.1
Europe	7,280	3,595	3,685	51.9	55.1	49.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	105	60	45	0.7	0.9	0.6
France	155	80	75	1.1	1.2	1.0
Germany	1,165	595	570	8.3	9.1	7.6
Greece	50	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Hungary	170	80	90	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italy	250	105	140	1.8	1.6	1.9
Netherlands	465	230	240	3.3	3.5	3.2
Poland	190	75	115	1.4	1.1	1.5
Portugal	570	300	275	4.1	4.6	3.7
Romania	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Russian Federation	80	35	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	80	35	45	0.6	0.5	0.6
Ukraine	50	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,840	1,455	1,385	20.2	22.3	18.5
Other places of birth in Europe	1,055	460	600	7.5	7.0	8.0
Africa	565	275	285	4.0	4.2	3.8
Algeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	345	175	170	2.5	2.7	2.3
Other places of birth in Africa	150	70	80	1.1	1.1	1.1
Asia	3,455	1,480	1,975	24.6	22.7	26.4
Afghanistan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	55	25	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	195	65	125	1.4	1.0	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	40	40	0.6	0.6	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	175	95	85	1.2	1.5	1.1
Taiwan	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	640	190	450	4.6	2.9	6.0
Viet Nam	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,790	830	960	12.8	12.7	12.8
Pakistan	35	25	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	355	145	210	2.5	2.2	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	385	215	170	2.7	3.3	2.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,095	505	590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	220	110	110	20.1	21.8	18.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	15	20	2.7	3.0	3.4
Mexico	25	15	10	2.3	3.0	1.7
United States of America	130	75	55	11.9	14.9	9.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	0	30	2.7	0.0	5.1
Europe	205	85	115	18.7	16.8	19.5
France	25	0	10	2.3	0.0	1.7
Germany	30	0	30	2.7	0.0	5.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	25	25	5.0	5.0	4.2
Other places of birth in Europe	85	45	45	7.8	8.9	7.6
Africa	75	40	35	6.8	7.9	5.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	25	30	5.0	5.0	5.1
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Asia	550	235	315	50.2	46.5	53.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	15	2.3	2.0	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	230	105	125	21.0	20.8	21.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.7
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	30	30	5.0	5.9	5.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	145	70	80	13.2	13.9	13.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	1.4	2.0	1.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	15	2.3	0.0	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	45	25	15	4.1	5.0	2.5
Australia	45	25	15	4.1	5.0	2.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	108,890	53,420	55,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,385	7,695	8,690	15.0	14.4	15.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,980	9,845	10,125	18.3	18.4	18.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	72,530	35,875	36,655	66.6	67.2	66.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,370	3,410	3,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,170	1,580	1,590	43.0	46.3	40.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,490	950	540	20.2	27.9	13.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,685	630	1,055	22.9	18.5	26.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,675	1,590	2,085	49.9	46.6	52.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	470	225	250	6.4	6.6	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	10	35	0.7	0.3	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,370	3,410	3,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	70	45	1.7	2.1	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,445	725	720	19.6	21.3	18.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	175	85	90	2.4	2.5	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	345	185	160	4.7	5.4	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	110	25	90	1.5	0.7	2.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,175	2,315	2,855	70.2	67.9	72.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	108,890	53,425	55,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,360	3,825	4,535	7.7	7.2	8.2
South Asian	3,650	1,815	1,840	3.4	3.4	3.3
Chinese	765	325	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Black	615	270	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Filipino	965	310	655	0.9	0.6	1.2
Arab	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	655	350	300	0.6	0.7	0.5
Southeast Asian	450	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
West Asian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	305	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	455	195	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	275	120	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	100,530	49,600	50,935	92.3	92.8	91.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	108,895	53,420	55,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,330	6,865	6,465	12.2	12.9	11.7
English	32,105	15,450	16,655	29.5	28.9	30.0
Irish	19,225	8,915	10,315	17.7	16.7	18.6
Scottish	23,810	11,440	12,370	21.9	21.4	22.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,020	4,830	5,190	9.2	9.0	9.4
German	17,875	8,640	9,235	16.4	16.2	16.6
Chinese	910	380	530	0.8	0.7	1.0
Italian	4,375	2,230	2,145	4.0	4.2	3.9
Indian (India)	2,235	1,090	1,145	2.1	2.0	2.1
Ukrainian	6,760	3,325	3,445	6.2	6.2	6.2
Dutch	4,995	2,410	2,585	4.6	4.5	4.7
Polish	3,830	1,775	2,055	3.5	3.3	3.7
Québécois	230	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,835	2,305	2,530	4.4	4.3	4.6
Filipino	950	325	625	0.9	0.6	1.1
French Canadian	1,325	560	765	1.2	1.0	1.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,925	1,005	925	1.8	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,550	1,295	1,255	2.3	2.4	2.3
Métis	2,985	1,465	1,525	2.7	2.7	2.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,260	1,125	1,135	2.1	2.1	2.0
Russian	6,660	3,215	3,445	6.1	6.0	6.2
Norwegian	4,600	2,115	2,490	4.2	4.0	4.5
Welsh	3,235	1,525	1,705	3.0	2.9	3.1
Portuguese	1,580	835	750	1.5	1.6	1.4
American	2,175	985	1,190	2.0	1.8	2.1
Spanish	790	375	420	0.7	0.7	0.8
Swedish	3,610	1,655	1,955	3.3	3.1	3.5
Hungarian	1,800	820	980	1.7	1.5	1.8
Acadian	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	415	240	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	940	470	470	0.9	0.9	0.8
Vietnamese	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	420	250	175	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jamaican	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	800	335	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
Korean	260	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	650	335	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,865	845	1,020	1.7	1.6	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	705	360	345	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sikh	680	340	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austrian	1,585	760	825	1.5	1.4	1.5
Belgian	690	300	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haitian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	410	255	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mennonite	545	255	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	775	365	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Finnish	880	430	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sri Lankan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	420	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	560	235	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	180	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	840	380	460	0.8	0.7	0.8
Muslim	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	800	360	435	0.7	0.7	0.8
Colombian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	685	300	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syrian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	235	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ojibway	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	65	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	325	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	385	200	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australian	415	265	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	175	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	110	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bulgarian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	120	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	80	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	670	345	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	125	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	165	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	180	120	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Buddhist	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	108,895	53,425	55,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	330	115	215	0.3	0.2	0.4
Christian	41,550	18,555	23,000	38.2	34.7	41.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,510	4,030	4,475	7.8	7.5	8.1
Anabaptist	395	200	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	4,170	1,785	2,395	3.8	3.3	4.3
Baptist	1,325	570	750	1.2	1.1	1.4
Catholic	12,560	5,690	6,870	11.5	10.7	12.4
Christian Orthodox	440	205	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	1,090	490	600	1.0	0.9	1.1
Latter Day Saints	425	165	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lutheran	1,930	890	1,040	1.8	1.7	1.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,200	495	710	1.1	0.9	1.3
Presbyterian	735	295	445	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Church	5,380	2,180	3,195	4.9	4.1	5.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,150	1,430	1,720	2.9	2.7	3.1
Hindu	370	210	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	175	115	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	2,770	1,345	1,420	2.5	2.5	2.6
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	400	180	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	920	340	585	0.8	0.6	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	62,145	32,450	29,690	57.1	60.7	53.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	108,265	53,115	55,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	93,000	45,730	47,270	85.9	86.1	85.7
Movers	15,265	7,380	7,880	14.1	13.9	14.3
Non-migrants	6,660	3,140	3,520	6.2	5.9	6.4
Migrants	8,605	4,245	4,365	7.9	8.0	7.9
Internal migrants	8,260	4,065	4,200	7.6	7.7	7.6
Intraprovincial migrants	6,130	3,020	3,110	5.7	5.7	5.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,130	1,040	1,085	2.0	2.0	2.0
External migrants	345	180	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	105,225	51,490	53,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	57,970	28,400	29,575	55.1	55.2	55.0
Movers	47,255	23,095	24,160	44.9	44.9	45.0
Non-migrants	12,880	6,310	6,575	12.2	12.3	12.2
Migrants	34,370	16,785	17,585	32.7	32.6	32.7
Internal migrants	32,250	15,815	16,435	30.6	30.7	30.6
Intraprovincial migrants	24,960	12,180	12,780	23.7	23.7	23.8
Interprovincial migrants	7,285	3,635	3,655	6.9	7.1	6.8
External migrants	2,120	975	1,150	2.0	1.9	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,720	46,600	49,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,625	10,210	8,410	19.5	21.9	17.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,100	36,390	40,710	80.5	78.1	82.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,045	26,110	27,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,935	4,110	2,825	12.8	15.7	10.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,105	22,000	25,110	87.2	84.3	89.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,720	46,595	49,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,465	8,060	7,400	16.2	17.3	15.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,520	14,310	16,210	31.9	30.7	33.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,740	24,230	25,515	52.0	52.0	51.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,190	17,250	16,940	35.7	37.0	34.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,975	8,540	2,430	11.5	18.3	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,980	2,380	1,595	4.2	5.1	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,995	6,160	830	7.3	13.2	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,325	7,615	12,715	21.2	16.3	25.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,885	1,095	1,795	3.0	2.4	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,550	6,980	8,575	16.2	15.0	17.5
Bachelor's degree	10,125	4,460	5,670	10.6	9.6	11.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,160	480	685	1.2	1.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	595	370	225	0.6	0.8	0.5
Master's degree	3,135	1,335	1,795	3.3	2.9	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	540	335	200	0.6	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,045	26,110	27,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,550	3,200	2,350	10.3	12.3	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,440	8,205	8,235	30.4	31.4	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,055	14,705	17,355	59.3	56.3	62.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,430	10,425	11,000	39.7	39.9	39.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,315	4,930	1,380	11.7	18.9	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,225	1,315	910	4.1	5.0	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,085	3,615	470	7.6	13.8	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,290	4,775	8,520	24.6	18.3	30.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,825	720	1,105	3.4	2.8	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,630	4,280	6,350	19.7	16.4	22.7
Bachelor's degree	7,140	2,880	4,260	13.2	11.0	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	785	295	495	1.5	1.1	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	205	190	0.7	0.8	0.7
Master's degree	2,005	740	1,265	3.7	2.8	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	310	165	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	95,720	46,595	49,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,980	22,370	23,610	48.0	48.0	48.1
Education	3,890	1,130	2,760	4.1	2.4	5.6
13. Education	3,890	1,130	2,760	4.1	2.4	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,500	635	870	1.6	1.4	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	230	170	55	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,270	460	810	1.3	1.0	1.6
Humanities	2,060	880	1,180	2.2	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	155	40	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	525	165	360	0.5	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	675	270	405	0.7	0.6	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	300	185	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	225	140	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,955	1,145	2,815	4.1	2.5	5.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	345	105	240	0.4	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	915	35	880	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	530	130	395	0.6	0.3	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	775	175	600	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,270	640	630	1.3	1.4	1.3
Business, management and public administration	8,755	2,975	5,780	9.1	6.4	11.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	805	120	680	0.8	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,935	2,835	5,095	8.3	6.1	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,585	930	660	1.7	2.0	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	535	280	260	0.6	0.6	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	400	180	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	530	415	120	0.6	0.9	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	970	570	395	1.0	1.2	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	720	465	255	0.8	1.0	0.5
25. Library science	110	0	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,185	11,440	750	12.7	24.6	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	190	135	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,280	1,095	190	1.3	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,400	2,150	250	2.5	4.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,485	3,405	85	3.6	7.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,130	3,020	110	3.3	6.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,690	1,640	55	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,945	1,165	775	2.0	2.5	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,005	520	480	1.0	1.1	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	940	640	295	1.0	1.4	0.6
Health and related fields	9,290	1,570	7,715	9.7	3.4	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	510	265	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,585	1,200	7,385	9.0	2.6	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,600	1,800	1,800	3.8	3.9	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,235	645	1,590	2.3	1.4	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	475	340	135	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	865	785	80	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,050	26,115	27,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,990	11,410	10,580	40.7	43.7	37.9
Education	2,025	480	1,550	3.7	1.8	5.5
13. Education	2,025	480	1,550	3.7	1.8	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,080	410	670	2.0	1.6	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	90	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	960	320	635	1.8	1.2	2.3
Humanities	1,305	520	785	2.4	2.0	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	120	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	325	105	220	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	415	160	260	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	120	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,900	715	2,185	5.4	2.7	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	260	75	180	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	700	30	670	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	435	100	340	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	530	90	440	1.0	0.3	1.6
45. Social sciences	880	385	500	1.6	1.5	1.8
Business, management and public administration	5,785	1,845	3,940	10.7	7.1	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	55	490	1.0	0.2	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,230	1,785	3,450	9.7	6.8	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,020	535	490	1.9	2.0	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	185	210	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	290	125	170	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	290	210	80	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	685	440	245	1.3	1.7	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	550	390	155	1.0	1.5	0.6
25. Library science	65	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,380	6,790	585	13.7	26.0	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	120	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	855	705	150	1.6	2.7	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,485	1,290	195	2.7	4.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,200	2,125	65	4.1	8.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,800	1,725	75	3.3	6.6	0.3
48. Precision production	915	870	40	1.7	3.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,385	745	635	2.6	2.9	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	705	345	360	1.3	1.3	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	675	400	270	1.2	1.5	1.0
Health and related fields	6,140	1,025	5,110	11.4	3.9	18.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320	160	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,680	800	4,880	10.5	3.1	17.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,350	1,190	1,165	4.3	4.6	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,440	445	995	2.7	1.7	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	335	235	105	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	560	500	65	1.0	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,050	26,115	27,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,990	11,410	10,580	40.7	43.7	37.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,055	14,705	17,350	59.3	56.3	62.1
Location of study inside Canada	28,410	13,055	15,360	52.6	50.0	55.0
Same as province or territory of residence	20,485	9,335	11,150	37.9	35.7	39.9
Different than province or territory of residence	7,930	3,720	4,210	14.7	14.2	15.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,640	1,650	1,990	6.7	6.3	7.1
Americas	1,150	495	655	2.1	1.9	2.3
United States of America	970	430	540	1.8	1.6	1.9
Mexico	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,065	520	550	2.0	2.0	2.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	180	100	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	475	230	255	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	185	110	70	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	145	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	970	365	600	1.8	1.4	2.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	275	75	195	0.5	0.3	0.7
Viet Nam	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	410	200	210	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	275	160	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Australia	200	120	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
New Zealand	75	40	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	95,725	46,600	49,120	...	...	...
In the labour force	51,015	26,365	24,645	...	...	...
Employed	46,405	23,865	22,535	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,610	2,505	2,105	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	44,705	20,230	24,475	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.3	56.6	50.2	53.3	56.6	50.2
Employment rate	48.5	51.2	45.9	48.5	51.2	45.9
Unemployment rate	9.0	9.5	8.5	9.0	9.5	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	95,720	46,600	49,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	43,830	19,925	23,905	45.8	42.8	48.7
Worked	51,890	26,675	25,215	54.2	57.2	51.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,105	13,370	10,740	25.2	28.7	21.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,785	13,310	14,475	29.0	28.6	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	40.1	39.5	39.8	40.1	39.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	51,010	26,370	24,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,015	505	515	2.0	1.9	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	50,000	25,865	24,135	98.0	98.1	98.0
Employee	40,180	20,270	19,910	78.8	76.9	80.8
Permanent position	32,330	16,525	15,805	63.4	62.7	64.1
Temporary position	7,850	3,745	4,110	15.4	14.2	16.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,810	780	1,030	3.5	3.0	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,040	2,965	3,080	11.8	11.2	12.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,820	5,595	4,225	19.3	21.2	17.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	51,010	26,370	24,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,015	505	515	2.0	1.9	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	50,000	25,865	24,135	98.0	98.1	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	455	275	180	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,855	1,595	5,255	13.4	6.0	21.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,500	1,890	610	4.9	7.2	2.5
3 Health occupations	4,720	820	3,900	9.3	3.1	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,775	1,425	3,350	9.4	5.4	13.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,305	515	790	2.6	2.0	3.2
6 Sales and service occupations	13,450	5,570	7,885	26.4	21.1	32.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,260	9,455	800	20.1	35.9	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,335	2,380	955	6.5	9.0	3.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,345	1,940	405	4.6	7.4	1.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	51,010	26,370	24,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,015	505	515	2.0	1.9	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	50,000	25,865	24,135	98.0	98.1	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,955	1,910	1,045	5.8	7.2	4.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,070	895	185	2.1	3.4	0.8
22 Utilities	475	415	60	0.9	1.6	0.2
23 Construction	4,965	4,335	630	9.7	16.4	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	4,310	3,255	1,055	8.4	12.3	4.3
41 Wholesale trade	805	580	230	1.6	2.2	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	6,325	2,960	3,365	12.4	11.2	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,645	1,220	430	3.2	4.6	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	620	340	280	1.2	1.3	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,165	365	800	2.3	1.4	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	860	415	445	1.7	1.6	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,700	1,340	1,360	5.3	5.1	5.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,965	1,180	790	3.9	4.5	3.2
61 Educational services	2,775	730	2,045	5.4	2.8	8.3
62 Health care and social assistance	7,405	1,185	6,225	14.5	4.5	25.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,265	630	635	2.5	2.4	2.6
72 Accommodation and food services	3,895	1,705	2,190	7.6	6.5	8.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,110	1,025	1,090	4.1	3.9	4.4
91 Public administration	2,595	1,335	1,255	5.1	5.1	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	56,410	28,950	27,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	54,565	28,015	26,545	96.7	96.8	96.7
French	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	305	185	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	310	185	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
English and French	470	220	250	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	950	470	480	1.7	1.6	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	56,410	28,950	27,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,165	28,840	27,320	99.6	99.6	99.5
Official languages	55,695	28,575	27,115	98.7	98.7	98.7
English	55,560	28,525	27,035	98.5	98.5	98.5
French	135	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	470	260	210	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	460	260	200	0.8	0.9	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	400	235	170	0.7	0.8	0.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	320	175	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	320	175	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	320	175	145	0.6	0.6	0.5
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	250	110	140	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	75	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	170	70	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	56,410	28,950	27,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	55,175	28,335	26,845	97.8	97.9	97.8
English	220	100	120	0.4	0.3	0.4
French	335	155	175	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	580	310	275	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	560	300	265	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	46,400	23,865	22,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,500	3,360	4,140	16.2	14.1	18.4
Worked outside Canada	70	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,845	5,160	1,685	14.8	21.6	7.5
Usual place of work	31,985	15,285	16,695	68.9	64.0	74.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,980	15,290	16,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,165	7,690	9,475	53.7	50.3	56.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,315	5,490	5,825	35.4	35.9	34.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,995	1,780	1,220	9.4	11.6	7.3
Commute to a different province or territory	505	330	175	1.6	2.2	1.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,830	20,450	18,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,225	17,760	15,465	85.6	86.8	84.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	30,720	16,650	14,070	79.1	81.4	76.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,505	1,110	1,395	6.5	5.4	7.6
Public transit	465	205	260	1.2	1.0	1.4
Walked	3,485	1,460	2,025	9.0	7.1	11.0
Bicycle	550	365	185	1.4	1.8	1.0
Other method	1,105	650	450	2.8	3.2	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,830	20,450	18,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	21,025	10,040	10,985	54.1	49.1	59.8
15 to 29 minutes	10,550	5,625	4,925	27.2	27.5	26.8
30 to 44 minutes	4,045	2,550	1,505	10.4	12.5	8.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,560	1,030	530	4.0	5.0	2.9
60 minutes and over	1,650	1,205	445	4.2	5.9	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,830	20,450	18,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,015	2,390	630	7.8	11.7	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,825	4,445	2,380	17.6	21.7	12.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	9,385	4,865	4,515	24.2	23.8	24.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,845	3,450	5,395	22.8	16.9	29.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,085	1,995	3,085	13.1	9.8	16.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,675	3,300	2,370	14.6	16.1	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,205	8,365	7,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,260	620	635	7.8	7.4	8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,950	7,740	7,205	92.3	92.5	91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,195	6,335	5,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	970	480	495	8.0	7.6	8.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	270	295	4.6	4.3	5.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	410	210	200	3.4	3.3	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,225	5,860	5,370	92.0	92.5	91.6

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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