Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Prince George--Peace River--Northern RockiesMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	116,970	59,660	57,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,075	11,365	10,705	18.9	19.0	18.7
0 to 4 years	7,020	3,545	3,470	6.0	5.9	6.1
5 to 9 years	7,560	3,870	3,690	6.5	6.5	6.4
10 to 14 years	7,495	3,950	3,550	6.4	6.6	6.2
15 to 64 years	77,600	39,825	37,780	66.3	66.8	65.9
15 to 19 years	6,625	3,535	3,090	5.7	5.9	5.4
20 to 24 years	6,830	3,595	3,240	5.8	6.0	5.7
25 to 29 years	8,405	4,335	4,070	7.2	7.3	7.1
30 to 34 years	8,905	4,595	4,310	7.6	7.7	7.5
35 to 39 years	8,765	4,455	4,310	7.5	7.5	7.5
40 to 44 years	7,420	3,715	3,700	6.3	6.2	6.5
45 to 49 years	7,055	3,580	3,470	6.0	6.0	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,375	3,665	3,715	6.3	6.1	6.5
55 to 59 years	8,210	4,240	3,970	7.0	7.1	6.9
60 to 64 years	8,020	4,110	3,910	6.9	6.9	6.8
65 years and over	17,290	8,475	8,820	14.8	14.2	15.4
65 to 69 years	6,390	3,265	3,125	5.5	5.5	5.5
70 to 74 years	4,555	2,260	2,295	3.9	3.8	4.0
75 to 79 years	2,950	1,495	1,460	2.5	2.5	2.5
80 to 84 years	1,810	830	980	1.5	1.4	1.7
85 years and over	1,580	625	960	1.4	1.0	1.7
85 to 89 years	1,055	435	620	0.9	0.7	1.1
90 to 94 years	430	165	265	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.9	19.0	18.7	18.9	19.0	18.7
15 to 64 years	66.3	66.8	65.9	66.3	66.8	65.9
65 years and over	14.8	14.2	15.4	14.8	14.2	15.4
85 years and over	1.4	1.0	1.7	1.4	1.0	1.7
Average age of the population	39.1	38.7	39.6	39.1	38.7	39.6
Median age of the population	38.0	37.6	38.8	38.0	37.6	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	48,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,580	...	...	62.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,190	...	...	4.5	...	...
Row house	2,640	...	...	5.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,650	...	...	3.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,440	...	...	11.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	725	...	...	1.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5,530	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	48,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,960	...	...	30.6	...	...
2 persons	17,305	...	...	35.4	...	...
3 persons	7,050	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	5,850	...	...	12.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,670	...	...	7.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,670	58,370	56,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	94,895	48,295	46,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	54,350	27,240	27,105	57.3	56.4	58.2
Married	41,090	20,620	20,470	43.3	42.7	43.9
Living common-law	13,255	6,620	6,640	14.0	13.7	14.2
Living common law - Never married	10,065	5,045	5,015	10.6	10.4	10.8
Living common law - Separated	755	380	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	2,185	1,095	1,095	2.3	2.3	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	255	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	40,545	21,050	19,495	42.7	43.6	41.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,975	15,675	11,305	28.4	32.5	24.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,215	1,485	1,735	3.4	3.1	3.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,870	2,855	3,020	6.2	5.9	6.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,485	1,045	3,440	4.7	2.2	7.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	31,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,305	...	...	54.2	...	...
3 persons	6,385	...	...	20.0	...	...
4 persons	5,425	...	...	17.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,825	...	...	8.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	31,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	26,500	...	...	83.0	...	...
Married couples	19,870	...	...	62.2	...	...
With children⁶	9,620	...	...	30.1	...	...
Without children	10,250	...	...	32.1	...	...
Common-law couples	6,625	...	...	20.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,855	...	...	8.9	...	...
Without children	3,770	...	...	11.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,430	...	...	17.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,010	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,425	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,670	58,370	56,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	90,965	45,310	45,660	79.3	77.6	81.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	52,995	26,465	26,535	46.2	45.3	47.1
Parents in one-parent families	5,435	1,420	4,010	4.7	2.4	7.1
Children⁶	32,535	17,420	15,115	28.4	29.8	26.8
In a two-parent family	24,090	12,750	11,340	21.0	21.8	20.1
In a one-parent family	8,450	4,670	3,775	7.4	8.0	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,705	13,060	10,640	20.7	22.4	18.9
Living alone	14,960	8,170	6,785	13.0	14.0	12.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,745	1,345	1,400	2.4	2.3	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	6,000	3,545	2,455	5.2	6.1	4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	48,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,450	...	...	58.3	...	...
Couple-family households	24,265	...	...	49.7	...	...
With children⁶	11,490	...	...	23.5	...	...
Without children	12,780	...	...	26.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,185	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	805	...	...	1.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,800	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,575	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	14,960	...	...	30.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	92,850	47,115	45,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,770	45,655	44,110	96.7	96.9	96.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	59,200	36,800	45,600	59,200	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,845	45,690	44,150	96.8	97.0	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	52,000	34,000	41,200	52,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	79,635	41,830	37,805	85.8	88.8	82.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	57,600	30,400	42,000	57,600	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,900	36,995	31,905	74.2	78.5	69.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	61,200	32,800	45,200	61,200	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,060	33,305	37,755	76.5	70.7	82.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,000	10,200	9,600	9,000	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,805	5,540	5,265	11.6	11.8	11.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,720	6,000	5,840	5,720	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,260	11,660	11,605	25.1	24.7	25.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	92,725	47,080	45,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,700	45,680	44,025	96.7	97.0	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,100	69,800	44,000	57,100	69,800	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,760	45,700	44,060	96.8	97.1	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,320	57,400	38,880	48,320	57,400	38,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,640	41,875	37,770	85.9	88.9	82.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,100	67,400	39,440	54,100	67,400	39,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,885	37,165	31,720	74.3	78.9	69.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,750	67,200	40,160	54,750	67,200	40,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,140	33,490	37,650	76.7	71.1	82.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,440	10,950	11,870	11,440	10,950	11,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,785	5,655	5,135	11.6	12.0	11.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,150	6,930	7,400	7,150	6,930	7,400
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,010	11,705	11,305	24.8	24.9	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,640	8,290	9,010	8,640	8,290	9,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	92,725	47,080	45,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,505	18,175	13,325	34.0	38.6	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,000	82,000	56,400	70,000	82,000	56,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,900	89,800	61,500	77,900	89,800	61,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,215	14,300	13,915	30.4	30.4	30.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,400	37,600	19,600	26,400	37,600	19,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,040	51,200	26,560	39,040	51,200	26,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	88.4	77.0	84.2	88.4	77.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.6	78.4	65.8	73.6	78.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.9	11.5	23.1	15.9	11.5	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.2	2.0	1.5	1.2	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.7	6.8	4.8	3.7	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.0	5.3	3.9	3.0	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	92,855	47,115	45,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,085	1,460	1,625	3.3	3.1	3.6
With total income	89,770	45,655	44,110	96.7	96.9	96.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,830	2,950	4,885	8.7	6.5	11.1
$10,000 to $19,999	9,265	3,515	5,745	10.3	7.7	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	12,020	4,825	7,195	13.4	10.6	16.3
$30,000 to $39,999	10,520	4,270	6,245	11.7	9.4	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	9,215	3,920	5,290	10.3	8.6	12.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,975	3,645	4,330	8.9	8.0	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,540	3,415	3,125	7.3	7.5	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	5,285	3,260	2,025	5.9	7.1	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	4,425	2,960	1,465	4.9	6.5	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,905	2,700	1,210	4.4	5.9	2.7
$100,000 and over	12,785	10,190	2,595	14.2	22.3	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	8,885	6,860	2,020	9.9	15.0	4.6
$150,000 and over	3,905	3,330	575	4.4	7.3	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	92,855	47,115	45,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,015	1,430	1,585	3.2	3.0	3.5
With after-tax income	89,845	45,685	44,150	96.8	97.0	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,050	3,030	5,020	9.0	6.6	11.4
$10,000 to $19,999	9,580	3,635	5,945	10.7	8.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,630	5,480	8,145	15.2	12.0	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,205	5,105	7,095	13.6	11.2	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,575	4,710	5,865	11.8	10.3	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,970	4,590	4,375	10.0	10.0	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,020	4,285	2,730	7.8	9.4	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,660	3,845	1,815	6.3	8.4	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,440	3,140	1,300	4.9	6.9	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,895	2,220	670	3.2	4.9	1.5
$100,000 and over	6,820	5,630	1,185	7.6	12.3	2.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,905	3,185	725	4.4	7.0	1.6
$125,000 and over	2,915	2,450	465	3.2	5.4	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	92,855	47,115	45,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	23,950	10,120	13,830	25.8	21.5	30.2
With employment income	68,900	36,995	31,905	74.2	78.5	69.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,040	3,565	4,475	11.7	9.6	14.0
$5,000 to $9,999	4,400	1,705	2,705	6.4	4.6	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,040	2,855	4,185	10.2	7.7	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,170	2,565	3,605	9.0	6.9	11.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,875	2,510	3,365	8.5	6.8	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,655	2,415	3,245	8.2	6.5	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,325	2,540	2,790	7.7	6.9	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,740	2,660	2,080	6.9	7.2	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,250	2,730	1,520	6.2	7.4	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,535	2,485	1,055	5.1	6.7	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,245	2,260	985	4.7	6.1	3.1
$100,000 and over	10,620	8,715	1,905	15.4	23.5	6.0
$100,000 to $124,999	4,930	3,790	1,140	7.2	10.3	3.6
$125,000 and over	5,690	4,920	770	8.3	13.3	2.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	92,850	47,115	45,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,620	44,555	43,060	94.4	94.6	94.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	60,400	33,200	44,000	60,400	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,845	44,585	43,260	94.6	94.6	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	52,000	30,600	39,200	52,000	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,320	41,650	37,670	85.4	88.4	82.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	60,400	31,400	43,200	60,400	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,765	37,950	32,810	76.2	80.5	71.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	62,000	32,400	44,400	62,000	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,260	24,200	32,060	60.6	51.4	70.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,800	7,150	7,050	6,800	7,150
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,910	4,600	4,310	9.6	9.8	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,600	6,160	5,760	5,600	6,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	92,725	47,080	45,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,490	44,500	42,990	94.4	94.5	94.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,300	71,200	40,920	56,300	71,200	40,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,740	44,540	43,205	94.6	94.6	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,680	57,500	35,560	46,680	57,500	35,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,305	41,670	37,635	85.5	88.5	82.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,650	70,600	39,000	55,650	70,600	39,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,770	37,980	32,790	76.3	80.7	71.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,900	69,000	38,560	54,900	69,000	38,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,085	23,945	32,140	60.5	50.9	70.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,170	9,330	9,050	9,170	9,330	9,050
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,095	4,600	4,490	9.8	9.8	9.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,490	7,100	7,890	7,490	7,100	7,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	92,725	47,080	45,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,375	18,105	13,275	33.8	38.5	29.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	81,000	52,400	66,500	81,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,200	88,800	56,650	75,200	88,800	56,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,810	13,695	13,110	28.9	29.1	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	47,200	24,400	32,400	47,200	24,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	45,440	59,900	30,320	45,440	59,900	30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	93.0	83.4	89.6	93.0	83.4
Employment income (%)	78.8	82.8	72.0	78.8	82.8	72.0
Government transfers (%)	10.4	7.1	16.6	10.4	7.1	16.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.0	1.4	1.0	2.0
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	48,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,875	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	48,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	88,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,150	...	...	57,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,760	...	...	48,760	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...	126,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	48,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	460	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	450	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,045	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,870	...	...	3.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,590	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,525	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,690	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,655	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,605	...	...	3.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,315	...	...	6.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,165	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,065	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,875	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,750	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,540	...	...	44.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,980	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,765	...	...	9.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,085	...	...	12.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,710	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	48,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	490	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	240	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,080	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,955	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,770	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,785	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,910	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,830	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,915	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,970	...	...	8.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,760	...	...	7.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,580	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,395	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,105	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,570	...	...	36.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,640	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,595	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,335	...	...	13.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,570	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,500	...	...	66,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,960	11,710	9,245	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	49,600	37,200	43,200	49,600	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	44,400	34,800	39,200	44,400	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,400	...	...	105,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,700	...	...	116,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,400	...	...	98,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,000	...	...	153,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,400	...	...	127,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,700	...	...	77,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,300	...	...	69,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,925	11,565	9,360	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,150	60,800	45,880	54,150	60,800	45,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,360	50,960	40,680	46,360	50,960	40,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,670	58,370	56,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,825	13,360	12,465	22.5	22.9	22.1
0 to 5 years	8,440	4,290	4,150	7.4	7.3	7.4
18 to 64 years	72,335	36,870	35,460	63.1	63.2	63.0
65 years and over	16,505	8,130	8,375	14.4	13.9	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,720	5,480	6,240	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,985	1,535	1,450	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,050	540	515	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,030	2,825	3,205	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,700	1,115	1,585	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.2	9.4	11.1	10.2	9.4	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.5	11.6	11.6	11.5	11.6
0 to 5 years (%)	12.4	12.5	12.4	12.4	12.5	12.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.7	9.0	8.3	7.7	9.0
65 years and over (%)	16.4	13.7	18.9	16.4	13.7	18.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	112,625	57,350	55,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,315	13,055	12,260	22.5	22.8	22.2
0 to 5 years	8,300	4,200	4,100	7.4	7.3	7.4
18 to 64 years	71,095	36,315	34,775	63.1	63.3	62.9
65 years and over	16,220	7,985	8,235	14.4	13.9	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,450	1,785	1,665	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	790	405	390	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	275	135	135	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,370	1,240	1,130	...	...	...
65 years and over	290	140	145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.1	3.0	3.1	3.1	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.4	3.3
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,670	58,365	56,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	52,370	25,490	26,880	45.7	43.7	47.7
In bottom decile	11,060	5,275	5,790	9.6	9.0	10.3
In second decile	10,175	4,810	5,365	8.9	8.2	9.5
In third decile	10,230	5,000	5,230	8.9	8.6	9.3
In fourth decile	10,160	5,055	5,110	8.9	8.7	9.1
In fifth decile	10,740	5,355	5,385	9.4	9.2	9.6
In top half of the distribution	62,300	32,875	29,420	54.3	56.3	52.3
In sixth decile	11,375	5,845	5,530	9.9	10.0	9.8
In seventh decile	12,280	6,380	5,905	10.7	10.9	10.5
In eighth decile	12,615	6,655	5,960	11.0	11.4	10.6
In ninth decile	13,655	7,270	6,385	11.9	12.5	11.3
In top decile	12,375	6,735	5,635	10.8	11.5	10.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,670	...	...	114,670	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.312	...	...	0.312	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.412	...	...	0.412	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.278	...	...	0.278	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	115,890	59,055	56,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	110,420	56,565	53,850	95.3	95.8	94.8
French only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,915	2,245	2,665	4.2	3.8	4.7
Neither English nor French	520	230	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	115,890	59,055	56,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	114,210	58,215	56,000	98.6	98.6	98.5
French	1,105	590	515	1.0	1.0	0.9
English and French	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	480	210	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	115,890	59,055	56,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	113,605	57,945	55,665	98.0	98.1	98.0
Official languages	103,260	52,950	50,310	89.1	89.7	88.5
English	102,000	52,285	49,715	88.0	88.5	87.5
French	1,260	665	595	1.1	1.1	1.0
Non-official languages	10,345	4,995	5,350	8.9	8.5	9.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	515	230	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	285	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	285	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	30	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,825	4,765	5,065	8.5	8.1	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,770	725	1,045	1.5	1.2	1.8
Bikol	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,480	610	875	1.3	1.0	1.5
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	215	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,715	3,370	3,345	5.8	5.7	5.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,475	740	730	1.3	1.3	1.3
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,455	730	725	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,015	515	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,115	1,500	1,620	2.7	2.5	2.9
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,045	975	1,070	1.8	1.7	1.9
German	1,940	920	1,020	1.7	1.6	1.8
Pennsylvania German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	950	470	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	510	255	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,395	780	615	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,340	750	585	1.2	1.3	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	155	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	950	525	420	0.8	0.9	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	690	325	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	145	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	335	150	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	185	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	380	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	380	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	180	70	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,280	1,115	1,170	2.0	1.9	2.1
English and French	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,600	790	810	1.4	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	115,890	59,055	56,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	105,010	53,760	51,245	90.6	91.0	90.2
French	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,700	1,370	1,325	2.3	2.3	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,650	1,345	1,305	2.3	2.3	2.3
English and French	675	310	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	7,000	3,360	3,645	6.0	5.7	6.4
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	115,890	59,055	56,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	114,315	58,295	56,020	98.6	98.7	98.6
Official languages	109,020	55,590	53,430	94.1	94.1	94.0
English	108,750	55,455	53,300	93.8	93.9	93.8
French	270	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	5,295	2,700	2,595	4.6	4.6	4.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,180	2,640	2,540	4.5	4.5	4.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	990	470	525	0.9	0.8	0.9
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	865	405	455	0.7	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	145	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,515	1,830	1,690	3.0	3.1	3.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	895	475	420	0.8	0.8	0.7
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	890	470	415	0.8	0.8	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	800	425	380	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,370	680	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	895	440	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
German	875	430	445	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	475	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,020	565	455	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	990	555	440	0.9	0.9	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	760	420	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	185	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,575	765	815	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,425	690	735	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	115,890	59,055	56,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	109,245	55,885	53,355	94.3	94.6	93.9
English	2,185	1,110	1,075	1.9	1.9	1.9
French	535	240	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	3,165	1,455	1,710	2.7	2.5	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	305	130	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	2,855	1,325	1,530	2.5	2.2	2.7
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	335	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	345	145	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	114,620	58,360	56,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	114,245	58,205	56,035	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	114,230	58,200	56,025	99.7	99.7	99.6
French	4,890	2,190	2,705	4.3	3.8	4.8
Non-official languages	14,570	7,180	7,390	12.7	12.3	13.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,190	555	640	1.0	1.0	1.1
Algonquian languages	525	285	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	500	270	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	500	270	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	100	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	80	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	305	175	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	670	265	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Northern Athabaskan languages	665	265	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Dakelh (Carrier)	170	50	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	200	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	120	25	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,405	6,630	6,770	11.7	11.4	12.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	100	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,515	1,020	1,495	2.2	1.7	2.7
Bikol	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	185	65	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,425	985	1,440	2.1	1.7	2.6
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	360	235	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	285	180	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	70	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,770	4,640	4,135	7.7	8.0	7.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,700	940	760	1.5	1.6	1.4
Baltic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,690	935	760	1.5	1.6	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian	1,120	610	510	1.0	1.0	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	170	115	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,870	1,915	1,960	3.4	3.3	3.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,500	1,245	1,260	2.2	2.1	2.2
German	2,380	1,170	1,205	2.1	2.0	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	160	100	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,245	610	635	1.1	1.0	1.1
Afrikaans	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	740	370	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,015	1,190	820	1.8	2.0	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,980	1,170	805	1.7	2.0	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	945	530	415	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kacchi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,470	870	605	1.3	1.5	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	150	95	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,510	770	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	280	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,010	515	495	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	265	115	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	280	95	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	235	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	560	265	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	545	265	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,615	58,365	56,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	18,600	9,240	9,360	16.2	15.8	16.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	18,040	8,955	9,085	15.7	15.3	16.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	10,580	5,185	5,395	9.2	8.9	9.6
Métis	7,280	3,675	3,605	6.4	6.3	6.4
Inuk (Inuit)	175	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	415	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	96,015	49,125	46,895	83.8	84.2	83.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,615	58,365	56,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	8,055	3,925	4,130	7.0	6.7	7.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	106,560	54,435	52,125	93.0	93.3	92.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	33,555	...	...	68.7	...	...
Renter	14,585	...	...	29.9	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	685	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,580	...	...	5.3	...	...
Not condominium	46,240	...	...	94.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	300	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	4,455	...	...	9.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,610	...	...	23.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	16,810	...	...	34.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,650	...	...	32.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,790	...	...	24.1	...	...
5 rooms	8,410	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	7,495	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	6,185	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,950	...	...	30.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	48,125	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	700	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	47,045	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	1,775	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,820	...	...	11.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	19,210	...	...	39.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,480	...	...	13.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,980	...	...	14.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,205	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,000	...	...	6.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,870	...	...	5.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,255	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,830	...	...	91.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,990	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	26,825	...	...	54.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,100	...	...	41.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,895	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,215	...	...	4.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	8,560	...	...	17.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,025	...	...	18.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,330	...	...	17.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,830	...	...	20.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,825	...	...	14.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,055	...	...	6.3	...	...
85 years and over	980	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	46,750	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,675	...	...	84.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,080	...	...	15.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,380	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	48,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,770	...	...	24.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,235	...	...	12.8	...	...
Not suitable only	1,405	...	...	2.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,075	...	...	6.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	690	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	215	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,055	...	...	75.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	46,055	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,570	...	...	7.8	...	...
Not in core need	42,485	...	...	92.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,410	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.2	...	...	63.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,298	...	...	1,298	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	344,000	...	...	344,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	357,600	...	...	357,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,475	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	26.6	...	...	26.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.2	...	...	16.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,010	...	...	1,010	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,085	...	...	1,085	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	680	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	472	...	...	472	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	114,620	58,360	56,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,315	4,090	4,220	7.3	7.0	7.5
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,075	3,985	4,090	7.0	6.8	7.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	6,500	3,185	3,320	5.7	5.5	5.9
Métis single ancestry	1,495	770	720	1.3	1.3	1.3
Inuit single ancestry	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	235	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,005	5,365	5,635	9.6	9.2	10.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,530	5,140	5,390	9.2	8.8	9.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	7,050	3,500	3,550	6.2	6.0	6.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,360	1,560	1,800	2.9	2.7	3.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	120	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	475	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	475	225	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	95,300	48,910	46,395	83.1	83.8	82.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	114,615	58,365	56,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	108,900	55,420	53,485	95.0	95.0	95.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	25,345	13,025	12,320	22.1	22.3	21.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	83,555	42,390	41,165	72.9	72.6	73.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,715	2,945	2,775	5.0	5.0	4.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	114,615	58,365	56,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	102,865	52,550	50,315	89.7	90.0	89.4
Immigrants⁸¹	9,905	4,720	5,190	8.6	8.1	9.2
Before 1980	2,845	1,420	1,425	2.5	2.4	2.5
1980 to 1990	790	325	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
1991 to 2000	1,130	525	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
2001 to 2010	1,465	645	825	1.3	1.1	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,675	1,800	1,870	3.2	3.1	3.3
2011 to 2015	1,640	720	915	1.4	1.2	1.6
2016 to 2021	2,030	1,080	950	1.8	1.9	1.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,845	1,095	755	1.6	1.9	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	9,905	4,720	5,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,155	540	620	11.7	11.4	11.9
5 to 14 years	2,015	1,090	920	20.3	23.1	17.7
15 to 24 years	1,795	885	910	18.1	18.8	17.5
25 to 44 years	4,260	1,880	2,380	43.0	39.8	45.9
45 years and over	685	325	360	6.9	6.9	6.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	9,905	4,720	5,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,880	890	995	19.0	18.9	19.2
Brazil	55	25	30	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
El Salvador	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Guyana	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	135	80	60	1.4	1.7	1.2
Mexico	100	40	60	1.0	0.8	1.2
Peru	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	1,355	630	730	13.7	13.3	14.1
Other places of birth in Americas	120	55	70	1.2	1.2	1.3
Europe	3,380	1,695	1,680	34.1	35.9	32.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Croatia	65	50	20	0.7	1.1	0.4
France	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Germany	770	320	450	7.8	6.8	8.7
Greece	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Hungary	45	25	30	0.5	0.5	0.6
Italy	60	40	15	0.6	0.8	0.3
Netherlands	210	105	105	2.1	2.2	2.0
Poland	120	60	60	1.2	1.3	1.2
Portugal	85	50	35	0.9	1.1	0.7
Romania	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	200	80	120	2.0	1.7	2.3
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	100	40	60	1.0	0.8	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	975	500	475	9.8	10.6	9.2
Other places of birth in Europe	640	370	270	6.5	7.8	5.2
Africa	560	270	290	5.7	5.7	5.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Morocco	25	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	210	95	115	2.1	2.0	2.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	145	65	70	1.5	1.4	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	135	60	75	1.4	1.3	1.4
Asia	3,900	1,750	2,150	39.4	37.1	41.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	235	105	130	2.4	2.2	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	145	65	85	1.5	1.4	1.6
Taiwan	40	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Philippines	2,155	875	1,285	21.8	18.5	24.8
Viet Nam	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	765	425	340	7.7	9.0	6.6
Pakistan	95	55	40	1.0	1.2	0.8
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	305	150	155	3.1	3.2	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	180	115	75	1.8	2.4	1.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,030	1,080	950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	285	165	120	14.0	15.3	12.6
Brazil	25	10	10	1.2	0.9	1.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	55	25	3.9	5.1	2.6
Mexico	30	10	25	1.5	0.9	2.6
United States of America	140	80	60	6.9	7.4	6.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Europe	170	105	60	8.4	9.7	6.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	1.2	1.4	1.1
Ukraine	45	30	15	2.2	2.8	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	10	1.5	1.4	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	55	40	15	2.7	3.7	1.6
Africa	110	45	70	5.4	4.2	7.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	65	25	40	3.2	2.3	4.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	0	25	1.2	0.0	2.6
Asia	1,430	735	695	70.4	68.1	73.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	25	1.5	0.9	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	475	285	195	23.4	26.4	20.5
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	25	20	2.2	2.3	2.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Philippines	765	370	395	37.7	34.3	41.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	55	20	35	2.7	1.9	3.7
Oceania and other⁹³	40	30	10	2.0	2.8	1.1
Australia	35	25	10	1.7	2.3	1.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	114,615	58,365	56,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,440	6,215	6,225	10.9	10.6	11.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	15,805	7,840	7,965	13.8	13.4	14.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	86,370	44,305	42,070	75.4	75.9	74.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,055	3,300	3,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,645	2,310	2,335	65.8	70.0	62.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,030	1,145	885	28.8	34.7	23.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,615	1,165	1,450	37.1	35.3	38.6
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,135	810	1,325	30.3	24.5	35.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	225	150	80	3.2	4.5	2.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	25	25	0.8	0.8	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,055	3,300	3,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	80	65	15	1.1	2.0	0.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,635	690	945	23.2	20.9	25.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	260	140	110	3.7	4.2	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	660	395	265	9.4	12.0	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	10	35	0.6	0.3	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,380	1,990	2,390	62.1	60.3	63.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	114,620	58,360	56,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	9,200	4,445	4,750	8.0	7.6	8.4
South Asian	2,575	1,500	1,070	2.2	2.6	1.9
Chinese	750	365	385	0.7	0.6	0.7
Black	1,100	535	565	1.0	0.9	1.0
Filipino	3,030	1,230	1,800	2.6	2.1	3.2
Arab	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Southeast Asian	325	115	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
West Asian	45	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	315	140	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	280	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	310	130	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	105,420	53,920	51,500	92.0	92.4	91.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	114,615	58,365	56,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	17,880	9,525	8,355	15.6	16.3	14.9
English	27,190	13,245	13,950	23.7	22.7	24.8
Irish	19,455	9,170	10,285	17.0	15.7	18.3
Scottish	22,010	10,670	11,340	19.2	18.3	20.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,365	6,080	6,285	10.8	10.4	11.2
German	20,950	10,545	10,405	18.3	18.1	18.5
Chinese	1,090	530	560	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italian	2,635	1,235	1,400	2.3	2.1	2.5
Indian (India)	1,615	945	675	1.4	1.6	1.2
Ukrainian	6,510	3,285	3,220	5.7	5.6	5.7
Dutch	4,925	2,440	2,475	4.3	4.2	4.4
Polish	3,330	1,605	1,720	2.9	2.7	3.1
Québécois	155	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,630	1,940	1,690	3.2	3.3	3.0
Filipino	2,950	1,195	1,755	2.6	2.0	3.1
French Canadian	1,345	685	660	1.2	1.2	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,260	1,650	1,620	2.8	2.8	2.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,425	2,710	2,715	4.7	4.6	4.8
Métis	5,570	2,660	2,910	4.9	4.6	5.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,765	1,465	1,300	2.4	2.5	2.3
Russian	3,760	1,965	1,800	3.3	3.4	3.2
Norwegian	6,190	3,155	3,035	5.4	5.4	5.4
Welsh	2,820	1,325	1,500	2.5	2.3	2.7
Portuguese	675	315	360	0.6	0.5	0.6
American	2,730	1,375	1,355	2.4	2.4	2.4
Spanish	625	280	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	3,965	1,815	2,145	3.5	3.1	3.8
Hungarian	1,255	640	620	1.1	1.1	1.1
Acadian	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	375	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	295	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	395	250	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	305	170	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	415	190	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	3,270	1,600	1,670	2.9	2.7	3.0
Korean	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	685	280	405	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanese	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iranian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	380	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,640	670	965	1.4	1.1	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,765	875	890	1.5	1.5	1.6
Sikh	335	235	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Austrian	1,085	585	500	0.9	1.0	0.9
Belgian	405	235	170	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	290	145	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	1,275	630	640	1.1	1.1	1.1
Swiss	1,080	590	495	0.9	1.0	0.9
Finnish	780	365	415	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	450	240	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	420	200	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,285	610	675	1.1	1.0	1.2
Muslim	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	620	335	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Colombian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	585	335	245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Syrian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	95	75	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	270	160	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Newfoundlander	325	195	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	245	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	230	90	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australian	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	160	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	190	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	110	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	115	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	745	405	335	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	185	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	114,620	58,365	56,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian	42,255	19,850	22,410	36.9	34.0	39.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	13,460	6,565	6,900	11.7	11.2	12.3
Anabaptist	1,360	715	645	1.2	1.2	1.1
Anglican	2,560	1,090	1,470	2.2	1.9	2.6
Baptist	1,600	690	910	1.4	1.2	1.6
Catholic	12,410	6,040	6,370	10.8	10.3	11.3
Christian Orthodox	305	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	860	350	515	0.8	0.6	0.9
Latter Day Saints	480	220	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Lutheran	1,355	615	735	1.2	1.1	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	220	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,565	685	885	1.4	1.2	1.6
Presbyterian	465	205	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Reformed	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,600	1,080	1,520	2.3	1.9	2.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,940	1,320	1,620	2.6	2.3	2.9
Hindu	605	335	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	375	200	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	1,125	685	445	1.0	1.2	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	430	200	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,040	390	645	0.9	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	68,485	36,560	31,925	59.7	62.6	56.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,310	57,680	55,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	97,380	49,700	47,675	85.9	86.2	85.7
Movers	15,935	7,980	7,955	14.1	13.8	14.3
Non-migrants	10,895	5,435	5,460	9.6	9.4	9.8
Migrants	5,040	2,545	2,490	4.4	4.4	4.5
Internal migrants	4,610	2,350	2,260	4.1	4.1	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	2,935	1,510	1,425	2.6	2.6	2.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,680	840	835	1.5	1.5	1.5
External migrants	425	195	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,730	54,810	52,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,495	31,940	30,555	58.0	58.3	57.7
Movers	45,235	22,870	22,365	42.0	41.7	42.3
Non-migrants	20,475	10,320	10,160	19.0	18.8	19.2
Migrants	24,755	12,555	12,205	23.0	22.9	23.1
Internal migrants	21,975	11,040	10,930	20.4	20.1	20.7
Intraprovincial migrants	16,020	7,935	8,085	14.9	14.5	15.3
Interprovincial migrants	5,960	3,105	2,850	5.5	5.7	5.4
External migrants	2,780	1,510	1,270	2.6	2.8	2.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,725	47,085	45,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	22,160	12,570	9,595	23.9	26.7	21.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	70,565	34,510	36,050	76.1	73.3	79.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,135	31,875	31,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,285	6,705	4,575	17.9	21.0	14.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	51,850	25,170	26,680	82.1	79.0	85.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	92,730	47,080	45,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	19,325	10,550	8,770	20.8	22.4	19.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,405	15,090	16,310	33.9	32.1	35.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,005	21,440	20,560	45.3	45.5	45.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,970	16,790	13,185	32.3	35.7	28.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,895	9,715	2,180	12.8	20.6	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,960	2,585	1,375	4.3	5.5	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,935	7,130	805	8.6	15.1	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,100	6,370	9,730	17.4	13.5	21.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,970	700	1,275	2.1	1.5	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,035	4,660	7,375	13.0	9.9	16.2
Bachelor's degree	8,545	3,185	5,355	9.2	6.8	11.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	820	340	475	0.9	0.7	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	335	195	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Master's degree	2,075	815	1,255	2.2	1.7	2.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	265	120	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,130	31,875	31,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,555	5,445	4,110	15.1	17.1	13.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,805	10,095	10,715	33.0	31.7	34.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,770	16,340	16,425	51.9	51.3	52.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,705	12,645	10,060	36.0	39.7	32.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,890	7,315	1,575	14.1	22.9	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,930	1,925	1,005	4.6	6.0	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,965	5,390	570	9.4	16.9	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,380	4,825	7,560	19.6	15.1	24.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,430	510	920	2.3	1.6	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,065	3,690	6,375	15.9	11.6	20.4
Bachelor's degree	7,200	2,610	4,585	11.4	8.2	14.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	640	240	400	1.0	0.8	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	245	110	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
Master's degree	1,770	650	1,115	2.8	2.0	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215	85	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	92,725	47,080	45,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,720	25,635	25,090	54.7	54.4	55.0
Education	2,830	500	2,330	3.1	1.1	5.1
13. Education	2,830	500	2,330	3.1	1.1	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	665	260	405	0.7	0.6	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	600	205	390	0.6	0.4	0.9
Humanities	1,475	595	880	1.6	1.3	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	310	70	235	0.3	0.1	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	380	120	260	0.4	0.3	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	190	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	205	135	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,855	810	2,050	3.1	1.7	4.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	745	50	695	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	300	90	210	0.3	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	515	95	420	0.6	0.2	0.9
45. Social sciences	975	470	505	1.1	1.0	1.1
Business, management and public administration	7,260	1,990	5,265	7.8	4.2	11.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	910	140	770	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,335	1,850	4,485	6.8	3.9	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,125	550	575	1.2	1.2	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	460	185	275	0.5	0.4	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	300	190	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	745	435	310	0.8	0.9	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	620	385	240	0.7	0.8	0.5
25. Library science	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	13,665	12,630	1,035	14.7	26.8	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	960	755	200	1.0	1.6	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,740	2,415	325	3.0	5.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,525	3,390	135	3.8	7.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,305	4,100	205	4.6	8.7	0.4
48. Precision production	2,030	1,925	105	2.2	4.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,230	1,315	915	2.4	2.8	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	720	345	375	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,515	975	540	1.6	2.1	1.2
Health and related fields	6,305	965	5,340	6.8	2.0	11.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	330	145	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,865	770	5,090	6.3	1.6	11.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,835	1,395	1,440	3.1	3.0	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,665	380	1,285	1.8	0.8	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	295	205	90	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	880	815	70	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,135	31,875	31,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,365	15,535	14,830	48.1	48.7	47.4
Education	2,040	315	1,725	3.2	1.0	5.5
13. Education	2,040	315	1,725	3.2	1.0	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	555	225	330	0.9	0.7	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	505	185	315	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	1,080	405	675	1.7	1.3	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	230	45	185	0.4	0.1	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	60	200	0.4	0.2	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	20	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	140	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	165	110	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,405	650	1,755	3.8	2.0	5.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	60	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	615	45	575	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	255	60	195	0.4	0.2	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	405	60	350	0.6	0.2	1.1
45. Social sciences	840	415	420	1.3	1.3	1.3
Business, management and public administration	5,670	1,440	4,230	9.0	4.5	13.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	770	120	650	1.2	0.4	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,895	1,315	3,580	7.8	4.1	11.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	945	435	505	1.5	1.4	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	420	165	255	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	85	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	245	150	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	630	380	250	1.0	1.2	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	545	345	200	0.9	1.1	0.6
25. Library science	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,525	9,630	890	16.7	30.2	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	825	640	195	1.3	2.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,230	1,960	270	3.5	6.1	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,655	2,550	105	4.2	8.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,220	3,045	175	5.1	9.6	0.6
48. Precision production	1,500	1,420	85	2.4	4.5	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,740	990	755	2.8	3.1	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	480	190	285	0.8	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,265	800	465	2.0	2.5	1.5
Health and related fields	4,925	725	4,200	7.8	2.3	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	245	95	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,595	595	4,005	7.3	1.9	12.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,245	1,145	1,095	3.6	3.6	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,295	320	975	2.1	1.0	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	240	170	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	710	655	55	1.1	2.1	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,135	31,875	31,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,365	15,535	14,830	48.1	48.7	47.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,770	16,340	16,430	51.9	51.3	52.6
Location of study inside Canada	28,980	14,750	14,230	45.9	46.3	45.5
Same as province or territory of residence	21,660	11,100	10,565	34.3	34.8	33.8
Different than province or territory of residence	7,320	3,650	3,665	11.6	11.5	11.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,790	1,590	2,195	6.0	5.0	7.0
Americas	660	245	420	1.0	0.8	1.3
United States of America	530	200	330	0.8	0.6	1.1
Mexico	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	700	335	370	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	125	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	275	140	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	265	120	145	0.4	0.4	0.5
Nigeria	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	2,065	860	1,205	3.3	2.7	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	100	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	1,175	425	750	1.9	1.3	2.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	580	300	280	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	95	40	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	92,725	47,080	45,645	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,710	34,185	28,530	...	...	...
Employed	56,825	30,725	26,105	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,890	3,460	2,430	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,020	12,900	17,115	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.6	72.6	62.5	67.6	72.6	62.5
Employment rate	61.3	65.3	57.2	61.3	65.3	57.2
Unemployment rate	9.4	10.1	8.5	9.4	10.1	8.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	92,725	47,080	45,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	30,290	13,175	17,115	32.7	28.0	37.5
Worked	62,440	33,910	28,530	67.3	72.0	62.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,340	18,675	13,660	34.9	39.7	29.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,100	15,235	14,870	32.5	32.4	32.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.1	40.5	41.4	42.1	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,715	34,180	28,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,245	650	600	2.0	1.9	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,465	33,535	27,930	98.0	98.1	97.9
Employee	52,855	28,205	24,650	84.3	82.5	86.4
Permanent position	44,895	24,345	20,545	71.6	71.2	72.0
Temporary position	7,955	3,855	4,100	12.7	11.3	14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,255	980	1,270	3.6	2.9	4.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,705	2,875	2,830	9.1	8.4	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,610	5,330	3,285	13.7	15.6	11.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,715	34,180	28,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,245	650	600	2.0	1.9	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,465	33,535	27,930	98.0	98.1	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	405	230	170	0.6	0.7	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,460	1,645	6,810	13.5	4.8	23.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,445	2,570	875	5.5	7.5	3.1
3 Health occupations	3,545	560	2,980	5.7	1.6	10.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,795	1,770	5,025	10.8	5.2	17.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,000	355	645	1.6	1.0	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	14,310	5,555	8,755	22.8	16.3	30.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	16,055	14,595	1,460	25.6	42.7	5.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	4,070	3,255	815	6.5	9.5	2.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,390	2,995	395	5.4	8.8	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,715	34,180	28,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,245	650	600	2.0	1.9	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	61,465	33,535	27,930	98.0	98.1	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,460	2,420	1,035	5.5	7.1	3.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,445	3,695	750	7.1	10.8	2.6
22 Utilities	755	605	150	1.2	1.8	0.5
23 Construction	6,665	5,560	1,105	10.6	16.3	3.9
31-33 Manufacturing	3,865	3,115	750	6.2	9.1	2.6
41 Wholesale trade	1,895	1,390	500	3.0	4.1	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	6,540	3,060	3,480	10.4	9.0	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,030	3,020	1,010	6.4	8.8	3.5
51 Information and cultural industries	595	265	330	0.9	0.8	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,050	230	820	1.7	0.7	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	895	440	450	1.4	1.3	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,725	1,325	1,400	4.3	3.9	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,095	1,065	1,035	3.3	3.1	3.6
61 Educational services	4,170	905	3,265	6.6	2.6	11.4
62 Health care and social assistance	6,395	965	5,430	10.2	2.8	19.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	955	360	595	1.5	1.1	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	4,055	1,610	2,440	6.5	4.7	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,180	1,820	1,360	5.1	5.3	4.8
91 Public administration	3,675	1,665	2,015	5.9	4.9	7.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,645	36,600	31,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,590	36,095	30,495	98.4	98.6	98.2
French	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	165	95	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	160	90	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	260	110	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	570	280	290	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,645	36,600	31,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,550	36,545	31,000	99.9	99.8	99.9
Official languages	67,265	36,385	30,880	99.4	99.4	99.5
English	67,175	36,365	30,810	99.3	99.4	99.2
French	90	20	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	280	160	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	275	155	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	215	130	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	200	115	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
German	100	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	105	55	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,645	36,600	31,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,890	36,250	30,635	98.9	99.0	98.7
English	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
French	200	90	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	360	170	190	0.5	0.5	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	300	140	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,825	30,720	26,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,605	2,670	3,935	11.6	8.7	15.1
Worked outside Canada	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	10,925	8,620	2,305	19.2	28.1	8.8
Usual place of work	39,255	19,405	19,845	69.1	63.2	76.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	39,255	19,405	19,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,875	13,195	14,685	71.0	68.0	74.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,365	4,995	4,375	23.9	25.7	22.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,695	995	700	4.3	5.1	3.5
Commute to a different province or territory	320	220	100	0.8	1.1	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	50,185	28,025	22,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,650	25,875	19,770	91.0	92.3	89.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	42,480	24,395	18,095	84.6	87.0	81.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,165	1,485	1,680	6.3	5.3	7.6
Public transit	780	430	350	1.6	1.5	1.6
Walked	2,570	1,060	1,510	5.1	3.8	6.8
Bicycle	310	205	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other method	870	450	425	1.7	1.6	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	50,185	28,025	22,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	25,775	12,755	13,020	51.4	45.5	58.8
15 to 29 minutes	14,930	8,275	6,655	29.7	29.5	30.0
30 to 44 minutes	4,530	2,955	1,580	9.0	10.5	7.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,410	1,010	400	2.8	3.6	1.8
60 minutes and over	3,535	3,030	505	7.0	10.8	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	50,185	28,025	22,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,070	3,175	895	8.1	11.3	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,825	7,075	2,755	19.6	25.2	12.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,525	7,665	5,865	27.0	27.4	26.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,835	3,990	6,845	21.6	14.2	30.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,725	1,720	3,005	9.4	6.1	13.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,195	4,405	2,790	14.3	15.7	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	26,315	13,605	12,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,445	725	720	5.5	5.3	5.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,870	12,875	11,990	94.5	94.6	94.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,905	9,850	9,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,075	540	535	5.7	5.5	5.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	270	285	2.9	2.7	3.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	525	270	250	2.8	2.7	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,830	9,310	8,520	94.3	94.5	94.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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