Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Port Moody--CoquitlamMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	115,260	57,135	58,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,200	8,875	8,320	14.9	15.5	14.3
0 to 4 years	4,745	2,430	2,315	4.1	4.3	4.0
5 to 9 years	5,630	2,895	2,730	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	6,825	3,550	3,280	5.9	6.2	5.6
15 to 64 years	79,120	39,200	39,920	68.6	68.6	68.7
15 to 19 years	7,105	3,695	3,405	6.2	6.5	5.9
20 to 24 years	7,230	3,780	3,445	6.3	6.6	5.9
25 to 29 years	7,025	3,720	3,305	6.1	6.5	5.7
30 to 34 years	7,505	3,855	3,650	6.5	6.7	6.3
35 to 39 years	7,655	3,755	3,895	6.6	6.6	6.7
40 to 44 years	7,810	3,675	4,135	6.8	6.4	7.1
45 to 49 years	8,345	3,890	4,455	7.2	6.8	7.7
50 to 54 years	9,265	4,420	4,845	8.0	7.7	8.3
55 to 59 years	9,110	4,480	4,625	7.9	7.8	8.0
60 to 64 years	8,075	3,925	4,150	7.0	6.9	7.1
65 years and over	18,945	9,065	9,880	16.4	15.9	17.0
65 to 69 years	6,570	3,225	3,350	5.7	5.6	5.8
70 to 74 years	4,980	2,380	2,595	4.3	4.2	4.5
75 to 79 years	3,275	1,575	1,700	2.8	2.8	2.9
80 to 84 years	2,290	1,045	1,245	2.0	1.8	2.1
85 years and over	1,830	840	990	1.6	1.5	1.7
85 to 89 years	1,230	560	670	1.1	1.0	1.2
90 to 94 years	490	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
95 to 99 years	95	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.9	15.5	14.3	14.9	15.5	14.3
15 to 64 years	68.6	68.6	68.7	68.6	68.6	68.7
65 years and over	16.4	15.9	17.0	16.4	15.9	17.0
85 years and over	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
Average age of the population	41.7	40.9	42.4	41.7	40.9	42.4
Median age of the population	42.4	41.2	43.6	42.4	41.2	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	43,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,645	...	...	40.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,245	...	...	2.9	...	...
Row house	5,080	...	...	11.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,035	...	...	13.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,825	...	...	20.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,280	...	...	9.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	155	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	43,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,575	...	...	22.1	...	...
2 persons	14,050	...	...	32.5	...	...
3 persons	8,030	...	...	18.5	...	...
4 persons	7,690	...	...	17.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,950	...	...	9.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	114,460	56,735	57,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,060	48,260	49,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,185	29,450	29,735	60.4	61.0	59.7
Married	51,610	25,660	25,955	52.6	53.2	52.1
Living common-law	7,570	3,790	3,780	7.7	7.9	7.6
Living common law - Never married	5,685	2,850	2,830	5.8	5.9	5.7
Living common law - Separated	265	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,505	740	765	1.5	1.5	1.5
Living common law - Widowed	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	38,875	18,810	20,065	39.6	39.0	40.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,530	15,125	12,405	28.1	31.3	24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,300	950	1,345	2.3	2.0	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,225	1,920	3,310	5.3	4.0	6.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,825	815	3,010	3.9	1.7	6.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,565	...	...	46.2	...	...
3 persons	8,250	...	...	24.5	...	...
4 persons	7,750	...	...	23.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,085	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,820	...	...	85.6	...	...
Married couples	25,030	...	...	74.4	...	...
With children⁶	15,025	...	...	44.6	...	...
Without children	10,005	...	...	29.7	...	...
Common-law couples	3,785	...	...	11.2	...	...
With children⁶	1,180	...	...	3.5	...	...
Without children	2,605	...	...	7.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,840	...	...	14.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,785	...	...	11.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,055	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	114,460	56,735	57,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	97,825	48,780	49,050	85.5	86.0	85.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,635	28,810	28,830	50.4	50.8	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	4,840	1,055	3,785	4.2	1.9	6.6
Children⁶	35,355	18,915	16,440	30.9	33.3	28.5
In a two-parent family	28,135	14,960	13,180	24.6	26.4	22.8
In a one-parent family	7,220	3,960	3,255	6.3	7.0	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,625	7,955	8,675	14.5	14.0	15.0
Living alone	9,575	4,485	5,095	8.4	7.9	8.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,990	1,145	1,845	2.6	2.0	3.2
Living with non-relatives only	4,065	2,330	1,735	3.6	4.1	3.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	43,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,125	...	...	65.0	...	...
Couple-family households	24,435	...	...	56.4	...	...
With children⁶	13,890	...	...	32.1	...	...
Without children	10,545	...	...	24.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,685	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,770	...	...	4.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	530	...	...	1.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,715	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,580	...	...	3.6	...	...
One-person households	9,580	...	...	22.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,265	47,855	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,885	46,215	47,675	96.5	96.6	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	52,000	38,400	44,000	52,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,975	46,260	47,715	96.6	96.7	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,000	35,200	40,000	46,000	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,595	42,670	42,925	88.0	89.2	86.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	49,600	31,800	40,000	49,600	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,755	35,215	33,545	70.7	73.6	67.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	54,000	36,000	44,400	54,000	36,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,000	33,555	40,445	76.1	70.1	81.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,650	8,600	8,200	7,650	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,235	3,205	4,030	7.4	6.7	8.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,320	5,800	5,480	5,320	5,800
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,555	12,195	13,350	26.3	25.5	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	9,000	8,000	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,365	47,905	49,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,085	46,210	47,875	96.6	96.5	96.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	59,300	69,900	49,000	59,300	69,900	49,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	94,160	46,245	47,915	96.7	96.5	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,120	56,550	41,920	49,120	56,550	41,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,785	42,860	42,920	88.1	89.5	86.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,300	67,800	44,800	56,300	67,800	44,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,750	35,270	33,480	70.6	73.6	67.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,550	68,700	45,840	57,550	68,700	45,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,245	33,515	40,725	76.3	70.0	82.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,070	9,720	10,360	10,070	9,720	10,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,125	3,180	3,940	7.3	6.6	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	5,510	7,300	6,500	5,510	7,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,640	12,045	13,600	26.3	25.1	27.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,360	9,320	9,390	9,360	9,320	9,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,365	47,905	49,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,640	19,240	14,400	34.6	40.2	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,500	81,000	65,000	73,500	81,000	65,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	87,900	98,700	73,500	87,900	98,700	73,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,520	12,090	14,430	27.2	25.2	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	20,400	16,800	18,200	20,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,760	35,720	26,640	30,760	35,720	26,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.6	90.0	82.0	86.6	90.0	82.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.0	75.0	65.4	71.0	75.0	65.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.4	10.1	18.0	13.4	10.1	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.5	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.1	6.7	5.2	4.1	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.4	4.3	3.5	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,265	47,860	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,380	1,645	1,730	3.5	3.4	3.5
With total income	93,885	46,215	47,675	96.5	96.6	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,410	4,490	5,925	11.1	9.7	12.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,270	4,310	5,955	10.9	9.3	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	12,490	5,310	7,180	13.3	11.5	15.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,980	4,285	5,695	10.6	9.3	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	8,975	3,955	5,015	9.6	8.6	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,900	3,685	4,220	8.4	8.0	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,595	3,345	3,255	7.0	7.2	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	5,285	2,780	2,505	5.6	6.0	5.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,425	2,460	1,965	4.7	5.3	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,705	2,125	1,580	3.9	4.6	3.3
$100,000 and over	13,855	9,465	4,385	14.8	20.5	9.2
$100,000 to $149,999	8,785	5,610	3,170	9.4	12.1	6.6
$150,000 and over	5,070	3,855	1,215	5.4	8.3	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,265	47,860	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,285	1,600	1,690	3.4	3.3	3.4
With after-tax income	93,975	46,260	47,715	96.6	96.7	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,810	4,635	6,180	11.5	10.0	13.0
$10,000 to $19,999	10,575	4,460	6,115	11.3	9.6	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	14,080	5,980	8,095	15.0	12.9	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	11,540	5,055	6,485	12.3	10.9	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,625	4,840	5,785	11.3	10.5	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,890	4,425	4,465	9.5	9.6	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,780	3,595	3,180	7.2	7.8	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	5,445	3,115	2,325	5.8	6.7	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,215	2,465	1,755	4.5	5.3	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,885	1,780	1,110	3.1	3.8	2.3
$100,000 and over	8,130	5,910	2,220	8.7	12.8	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,995	2,775	1,220	4.3	6.0	2.6
$125,000 and over	4,135	3,135	1,000	4.4	6.8	2.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,265	47,860	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	28,510	12,645	15,860	29.3	26.4	32.1
With employment income	68,755	35,215	33,545	70.7	73.6	67.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,225	4,120	5,105	13.4	11.7	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	5,450	2,320	3,130	7.9	6.6	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,165	3,150	4,015	10.4	8.9	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	5,110	2,265	2,845	7.4	6.4	8.5
$30,000 to $39,999	5,180	2,335	2,850	7.5	6.6	8.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,320	2,400	2,920	7.7	6.8	8.7
$50,000 to $59,999	5,270	2,520	2,745	7.7	7.2	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,635	2,440	2,195	6.7	6.9	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,885	2,130	1,755	5.7	6.1	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,530	1,975	1,555	5.1	5.6	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,000	1,735	1,265	4.4	4.9	3.8
$100,000 and over	10,975	7,810	3,165	16.0	22.2	9.4
$100,000 to $124,999	4,675	2,995	1,685	6.8	8.5	5.0
$125,000 and over	6,300	4,820	1,480	9.2	13.7	4.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,265	47,855	49,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,650	44,465	46,185	93.2	92.9	93.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	52,000	35,600	42,800	52,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,855	44,520	46,335	93.4	93.0	93.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	45,200	32,400	38,000	45,200	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	84,310	41,970	42,345	86.7	87.7	85.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	50,800	33,600	41,200	50,800	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,250	35,780	34,470	72.2	74.8	69.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,800	35,600	43,200	52,800	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,200	24,075	33,130	58.8	50.3	67.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,400	1,940	4,280	3,400	1,940	4,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,545	1,895	2,655	4.7	4.0	5.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,680	6,500	5,520	4,680	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,365	47,905	49,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,780	44,580	46,200	93.2	93.1	93.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,150	68,600	46,040	57,150	68,600	46,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,960	44,615	46,345	93.4	93.1	93.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,840	55,050	38,960	46,840	55,050	38,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	84,480	42,130	42,350	86.8	87.9	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,500	68,600	44,520	56,500	68,600	44,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,380	35,890	34,490	72.3	74.9	69.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,900	67,100	44,240	55,900	67,100	44,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,330	24,100	33,225	58.9	50.3	67.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,220	7,080	7,320	7,220	7,080	7,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,550	1,895	2,655	4.7	4.0	5.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,570	5,815	8,830	7,570	5,815	8,830
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,365	47,905	49,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,295	19,010	14,280	34.2	39.7	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	77,500	58,800	68,000	77,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	82,600	93,800	67,600	82,600	93,800	67,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,090	11,400	13,695	25.8	23.8	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,000	28,400	22,800	25,000	28,400	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,080	43,280	31,920	37,080	43,280	31,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.0	94.4	88.6	92.0	94.4	88.6
Employment income (%)	75.8	78.6	71.6	75.8	78.6	71.6
Government transfers (%)	8.0	5.6	11.4	8.0	5.6	11.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.7	0.4	1.1	0.7	0.4	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	43,295	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,400	...	...	50,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,800	...	...	44,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	43,315	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...	106,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,150	...	...	61,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	50,920	...	...	50,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	148,000	...	...	148,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	122,600	...	...	122,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	43,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	635	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	345	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	615	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,045	...	...	2.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	920	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	980	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,230	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,245	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,215	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,525	...	...	5.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,570	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,540	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,510	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,230	...	...	5.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	22,440	...	...	51.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,055	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,110	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	6,030	...	...	13.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,240	...	...	16.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	43,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	710	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	640	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,105	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,050	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,125	...	...	2.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,455	...	...	3.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,460	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,510	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,030	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,000	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,995	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,735	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,530	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,340	...	...	44.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,615	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,345	...	...	10.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	9,380	...	...	21.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,000	...	...	155,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,645	6,810	6,830	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	47,200	42,400	44,800	47,200	42,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	42,400	38,400	40,400	42,400	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	147,600	...	...	147,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,100	...	...	122,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	175,000	...	...	175,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,800	...	...	143,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	89,200	...	...	89,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,100	...	...	78,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,555	6,635	6,915	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,800	57,200	52,550	54,800	57,200	52,550
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,160	47,960	44,440	46,160	47,960	44,440
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	114,460	56,735	57,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,420	11,015	10,405	18.7	19.4	18.0
0 to 5 years	5,825	2,980	2,845	5.1	5.3	4.9
18 to 64 years	74,605	36,865	37,745	65.2	65.0	65.4
65 years and over	18,430	8,850	9,580	16.1	15.6	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,255	4,775	5,480	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,160	1,105	1,055	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	550	285	265	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,160	2,870	3,285	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,935	805	1,135	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.0	8.4	9.5	9.0	8.4	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.0	10.2	10.1	10.0	10.2
0 to 5 years (%)	9.4	9.6	9.3	9.4	9.6	9.3
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	7.8	8.7	8.3	7.8	8.7
65 years and over (%)	10.5	9.1	11.8	10.5	9.1	11.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	114,405	56,705	57,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,400	11,000	10,400	18.7	19.4	18.0
0 to 5 years	5,815	2,975	2,845	5.1	5.2	4.9
18 to 64 years	74,575	36,850	37,725	65.2	65.0	65.4
65 years and over	18,430	8,850	9,580	16.1	15.6	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,910	3,360	3,550	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,315	670	645	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	285	145	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,800	2,375	2,425	...	...	...
65 years and over	795	320	475	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.0	5.9	6.2	6.0	5.9	6.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.1	6.1	6.2	6.1	6.1	6.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4	6.4
65 years and over (%)	4.3	3.6	5.0	4.3	3.6	5.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	114,455	56,735	57,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	43,150	20,730	22,420	37.7	36.5	38.8
In bottom decile	9,865	4,685	5,175	8.6	8.3	9.0
In second decile	7,840	3,700	4,140	6.8	6.5	7.2
In third decile	8,055	3,910	4,145	7.0	6.9	7.2
In fourth decile	8,410	4,060	4,355	7.3	7.2	7.5
In fifth decile	8,980	4,375	4,605	7.8	7.7	8.0
In top half of the distribution	71,310	36,000	35,310	62.3	63.5	61.2
In sixth decile	9,955	4,945	5,010	8.7	8.7	8.7
In seventh decile	11,480	5,740	5,745	10.0	10.1	10.0
In eighth decile	13,770	6,935	6,845	12.0	12.2	11.9
In ninth decile	16,540	8,380	8,160	14.5	14.8	14.1
In top decile	19,560	10,005	9,550	17.1	17.6	16.5
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	114,455	...	...	114,455	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.339	...	...	0.339	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.420	...	...	0.420	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.299	...	...	0.299	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	114,605	56,760	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	102,870	51,750	51,120	89.8	91.2	88.4
French only	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,800	3,390	4,405	6.8	6.0	7.6
Neither English nor French	3,900	1,605	2,295	3.4	2.8	4.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	114,605	56,760	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	109,035	54,380	54,660	95.1	95.8	94.5
French	1,040	490	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	700	325	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Neither English nor French	3,825	1,570	2,255	3.3	2.8	3.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	114,605	56,760	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,685	54,380	55,305	95.7	95.8	95.6
Official languages	66,810	34,195	32,615	58.3	60.2	56.4
English	65,805	33,715	32,085	57.4	59.4	55.5
French	1,010	475	530	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official languages	42,875	20,185	22,685	37.4	35.6	39.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	42,865	20,180	22,680	37.4	35.6	39.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	965	520	445	0.8	0.9	0.8
Berber languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	955	510	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
Amharic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	825	435	390	0.7	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	480	210	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	445	200	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,160	840	1,315	1.9	1.5	2.3
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	255	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,560	615	945	1.4	1.1	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	170	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,390	8,510	8,885	15.2	15.0	15.4
Albanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,030	1,940	2,095	3.5	3.4	3.6
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,985	1,915	2,065	3.5	3.4	3.6
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	795	365	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
Russian	1,625	780	845	1.4	1.4	1.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	810	415	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	435	230	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,290	625	665	1.1	1.1	1.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	785	385	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	755	370	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	340	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	230	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	7,080	3,570	3,510	6.2	6.3	6.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,135	1,050	1,085	1.9	1.8	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	280	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hindi	475	235	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	825	400	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,950	2,520	2,425	4.3	4.4	4.2
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	4,695	2,385	2,310	4.1	4.2	4.0
Dari	440	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	3,870	1,970	1,900	3.4	3.5	3.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	390	210	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,675	2,205	2,465	4.1	3.9	4.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,070	535	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	735	330	405	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	790	385	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	2,080	950	1,125	1.8	1.7	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	675	205	470	0.6	0.4	0.8
Korean	5,990	2,795	3,195	5.2	4.9	5.5
Mongolian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	14,070	6,555	7,515	12.3	11.5	13.0
Chinese languages	14,030	6,535	7,495	12.2	11.5	13.0
Hakka	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	8,035	3,730	4,305	7.0	6.6	7.4
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	430	185	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	5,300	2,500	2,795	4.6	4.4	4.8
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	410	180	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	275	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,915	2,380	2,535	4.3	4.2	4.4
English and French	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,985	1,955	2,030	3.5	3.4	3.5
French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	450	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	114,605	56,760	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	70,740	35,920	34,815	61.7	63.3	60.2
French	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	14,280	6,625	7,655	12.5	11.7	13.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	14,280	6,625	7,655	12.5	11.7	13.2
English and French	830	380	450	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	26,820	12,970	13,855	23.4	22.9	24.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	720	305	415	0.6	0.5	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	980	450	530	0.9	0.8	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	114,605	56,760	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	109,060	54,090	54,970	95.2	95.3	95.0
Official languages	82,840	41,645	41,200	72.3	73.4	71.2
English	82,545	41,510	41,035	72.0	73.1	70.9
French	295	130	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	26,215	12,445	13,770	22.9	21.9	23.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,215	12,445	13,770	22.9	21.9	23.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	570	290	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	570	290	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	500	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	905	395	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	650	290	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,670	4,225	4,445	7.6	7.4	7.7
Albanian	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,000	990	1,005	1.7	1.7	1.7
Baltic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,975	975	1,000	1.7	1.7	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	340	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	1,080	535	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	285	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,440	2,180	2,265	3.9	3.8	3.9
Indo-Aryan languages	965	460	505	0.8	0.8	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,475	1,715	1,755	3.0	3.0	3.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	3,320	1,635	1,680	2.9	2.9	2.9
Dari	245	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	2,805	1,380	1,420	2.4	2.4	2.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	270	145	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,995	935	1,055	1.7	1.6	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	380	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	345	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,105	520	585	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	305	105	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	4,835	2,265	2,570	4.2	4.0	4.4
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,255	4,835	5,420	8.9	8.5	9.4
Chinese languages	10,235	4,820	5,410	8.9	8.5	9.4
Hakka	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	6,375	3,000	3,375	5.6	5.3	5.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,520	1,670	1,850	3.1	2.9	3.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,540	2,670	2,870	4.8	4.7	5.0
English and French	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	5,180	2,515	2,670	4.5	4.4	4.6
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	114,605	56,760	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	89,960	44,945	45,020	78.5	79.2	77.8
English	9,955	4,875	5,085	8.7	8.6	8.8
French	785	355	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	11,185	5,330	5,855	9.8	9.4	10.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,165	5,325	5,845	9.7	9.4	10.1
English and French	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,110	535	575	1.0	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	370	150	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,130	515	615	1.0	0.9	1.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	114,545	56,705	57,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	110,625	55,065	55,560	96.6	97.1	96.1
English	110,605	55,055	55,555	96.6	97.1	96.1
French	7,935	3,490	4,445	6.9	6.2	7.7
Non-official languages	53,600	25,595	28,005	46.8	45.1	48.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	53,560	25,570	27,990	46.8	45.1	48.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,535	850	685	1.3	1.5	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,535	850	685	1.3	1.5	1.2
Amharic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,215	700	520	1.1	1.2	0.9
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	250	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	605	240	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	0	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	560	235	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,150	1,345	1,810	2.8	2.4	3.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	375	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,515	1,055	1,455	2.2	1.9	2.5
Waray-Waray	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	23,840	11,720	12,120	20.8	20.7	21.0
Albanian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,700	2,270	2,435	4.1	4.0	4.2
Baltic languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,675	2,250	2,425	4.1	4.0	4.2
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	935	435	495	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	2,205	1,055	1,155	1.9	1.9	2.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,025	520	505	0.9	0.9	0.9
Bosnian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	655	325	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Serbian	330	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	535	240	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,250	1,110	1,140	2.0	2.0	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,395	680	710	1.2	1.2	1.2
German	1,380	665	710	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	705	340	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	335	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	365	175	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	9,620	4,810	4,810	8.4	8.5	8.3
Indo-Aryan languages	3,725	1,815	1,910	3.3	3.2	3.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	715	340	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Hindi	1,625	825	805	1.4	1.5	1.4
Kacchi	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,420	725	695	1.2	1.3	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	535	270	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	6,020	3,060	2,955	5.3	5.4	5.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	280	175	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Parsi	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	5,820	2,945	2,880	5.1	5.2	5.0
Dari	640	300	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Iranian Persian	4,715	2,365	2,345	4.1	4.2	4.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	600	350	255	0.5	0.6	0.4
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	7,630	3,670	3,960	6.7	6.5	6.8
Catalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,990	1,000	990	1.7	1.8	1.7
Portuguese	955	420	540	0.8	0.7	0.9
Romanian	970	495	470	0.8	0.9	0.8
Spanish	4,135	1,945	2,190	3.6	3.4	3.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,440	565	870	1.3	1.0	1.5
Korean	6,705	3,115	3,590	5.9	5.5	6.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	385	190	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	16,460	7,790	8,670	14.4	13.7	15.0
Chinese languages	16,395	7,750	8,645	14.3	13.7	14.9
Hakka	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	11,615	5,440	6,175	10.1	9.6	10.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	895	365	535	0.8	0.6	0.9
Wu (Shanghainese)	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	6,805	3,250	3,550	5.9	5.7	6.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	620	310	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Azerbaijani	160	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	525	260	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	545	255	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	380	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,545	56,710	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,805	1,395	1,410	2.4	2.5	2.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,665	1,335	1,330	2.3	2.4	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,370	665	705	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	1,280	665	620	1.1	1.2	1.1
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	111,740	55,310	56,425	97.6	97.5	97.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	114,545	56,710	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	870	390	475	0.8	0.7	0.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,675	56,310	57,365	99.2	99.3	99.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	31,160	...	...	71.9	...	...
Renter	12,125	...	...	28.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	11,750	...	...	27.1	...	...
Not condominium	31,560	...	...	72.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	5,765	...	...	13.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,195	...	...	23.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,935	...	...	27.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,150	...	...	35.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,695	...	...	33.9	...	...
5 rooms	5,535	...	...	12.8	...	...
6 rooms	4,655	...	...	10.7	...	...
7 rooms	4,235	...	...	9.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,190	...	...	32.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	42,225	...	...	97.5	...	...
More than one person per room	1,090	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	41,135	...	...	95.0	...	...
Not suitable	2,180	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,345	...	...	7.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	13,525	...	...	31.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,300	...	...	16.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	7,040	...	...	16.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,630	...	...	6.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,060	...	...	7.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,290	...	...	5.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,100	...	...	9.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,280	...	...	95.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,030	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,200	...	...	44.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,025	...	...	48.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,090	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	875	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,080	...	...	11.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,445	...	...	17.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,375	...	...	21.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,715	...	...	22.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,565	...	...	15.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,275	...	...	7.6	...	...
85 years and over	985	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,460	...	...	75.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,715	...	...	24.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,055	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	43,310	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,705	...	...	31.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,670	...	...	22.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,525	...	...	3.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,325	...	...	3.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	480	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	530	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	29,600	...	...	68.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	41,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,490	...	...	13.2	...	...
Not in core need	36,025	...	...	86.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,160	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.6	...	...	59.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.7	...	...	20.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,640	...	...	1,640	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,934	...	...	1,934	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,200,000	...	...	1,200,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,234,000	...	...	1,234,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.5	...	...	35.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	26.1	...	...	26.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,500	...	...	1,500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,604	...	...	1,604	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	25	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	232	...	...	232	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	320	...	...	320	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	114,545	56,705	57,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	675	350	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	650	345	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	490	250	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Métis single ancestry	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,440	1,140	1,300	2.1	2.0	2.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,350	1,110	1,240	2.1	2.0	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,405	670	730	1.2	1.2	1.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	930	430	500	0.8	0.8	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	111,435	55,215	56,220	97.3	97.4	97.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	114,545	56,710	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	100,450	50,145	50,305	87.7	88.4	87.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,470	10,070	9,405	17.0	17.8	16.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	80,975	40,075	40,910	70.7	70.7	70.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	14,095	6,565	7,535	12.3	11.6	13.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	114,545	56,710	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	66,520	33,760	32,760	58.1	59.5	56.6
Immigrants⁸¹	44,515	21,310	23,210	38.9	37.6	40.1
Before 1980	6,655	3,275	3,375	5.8	5.8	5.8
1980 to 1990	4,900	2,300	2,600	4.3	4.1	4.5
1991 to 2000	10,835	5,195	5,645	9.5	9.2	9.8
2001 to 2010	11,620	5,490	6,125	10.1	9.7	10.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,515	5,050	5,460	9.2	8.9	9.4
2011 to 2015	5,460	2,600	2,865	4.8	4.6	5.0
2016 to 2021	5,050	2,450	2,600	4.4	4.3	4.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,510	1,645	1,865	3.1	2.9	3.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	44,520	21,305	23,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,785	1,950	1,835	8.5	9.2	7.9
5 to 14 years	7,660	4,180	3,480	17.2	19.6	15.0
15 to 24 years	7,145	3,315	3,830	16.0	15.6	16.5
25 to 44 years	21,135	9,600	11,535	47.5	45.1	49.7
45 years and over	4,795	2,270	2,530	10.8	10.7	10.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	44,520	21,305	23,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,540	1,620	1,915	8.0	7.6	8.3
Brazil	340	140	200	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombia	185	100	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
El Salvador	205	105	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Guyana	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	490	190	295	1.1	0.9	1.3
Peru	140	55	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	1,290	610	685	2.9	2.9	3.0
Other places of birth in Americas	605	275	330	1.4	1.3	1.4
Europe	9,110	4,575	4,530	20.5	21.5	19.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	205	100	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	335	170	165	0.8	0.8	0.7
France	190	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	485	240	245	1.1	1.1	1.1
Greece	110	55	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	670	345	325	1.5	1.6	1.4
Netherlands	195	100	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
Poland	710	330	375	1.6	1.5	1.6
Portugal	185	120	70	0.4	0.6	0.3
Romania	745	380	370	1.7	1.8	1.6
Russian Federation	700	300	400	1.6	1.4	1.7
Serbia⁸⁶	140	90	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Ukraine	560	280	280	1.3	1.3	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,330	1,180	1,145	5.2	5.5	4.9
Other places of birth in Europe	1,375	710	670	3.1	3.3	2.9
Africa	1,780	900	885	4.0	4.2	3.8
Algeria	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	125	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	525	240	280	1.2	1.1	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	975	500	475	2.2	2.3	2.0
Asia	29,460	13,905	15,560	66.2	65.3	67.0
Afghanistan	445	205	240	1.0	1.0	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	4,120	2,115	1,995	9.3	9.9	8.6
Iraq	270	150	120	0.6	0.7	0.5
Lebanon	90	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	250	160	95	0.6	0.8	0.4
Turkey	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	6,820	3,175	3,645	15.3	14.9	15.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	2,705	1,295	1,405	6.1	6.1	6.1
Korea, South⁹²	5,095	2,400	2,695	11.4	11.3	11.6
Taiwan	1,585	755	835	3.6	3.5	3.6
Philippines	2,550	1,050	1,500	5.7	4.9	6.5
Viet Nam	575	260	315	1.3	1.2	1.4
Bangladesh	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	1,475	745	730	3.3	3.5	3.1
Pakistan	305	155	150	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sri Lanka	155	75	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	2,815	1,205	1,610	6.3	5.7	6.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	625	300	325	1.4	1.4	1.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,050	2,450	2,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	615	340	275	12.2	13.9	10.6
Brazil	205	100	105	4.1	4.1	4.0
Colombia	20	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Mexico	85	50	35	1.7	2.0	1.3
United States of America	190	115	75	3.8	4.7	2.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	20	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	85	50	35	1.7	2.0	1.3
Europe	675	325	345	13.4	13.3	13.3
France	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Germany	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	35	25	10	0.7	1.0	0.4
Italy	40	20	20	0.8	0.8	0.8
Russian Federation	110	55	55	2.2	2.2	2.1
Ukraine	145	65	70	2.9	2.7	2.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135	55	75	2.7	2.2	2.9
Other places of birth in Europe	180	90	90	3.6	3.7	3.5
Africa	270	125	145	5.3	5.1	5.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	0	0.5	0.6	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	30	0	0.8	1.2	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	45	65	2.1	1.8	2.5
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	75	25	50	1.5	1.0	1.9
Asia	3,420	1,620	1,800	67.7	66.1	69.2
Afghanistan	45	25	20	0.9	1.0	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	925	440	480	18.3	18.0	18.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	120	80	45	2.4	3.3	1.7
India	270	125	145	5.3	5.1	5.6
Iran⁸⁸	525	270	250	10.4	11.0	9.6
Iraq	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Israel	40	15	25	0.8	0.6	1.0
Japan	45	0	45	0.9	0.0	1.7
Jordan	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	565	245	320	11.2	10.0	12.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.8
Philippines	310	120	190	6.1	4.9	7.3
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	180	110	65	3.6	4.5	2.5
Turkey	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	80	20	50	1.6	0.8	1.9
Other places of birth in Asia	215	90	120	4.3	3.7	4.6
Oceania and other⁹³	75	40	30	1.5	1.6	1.2
Australia	55	35	15	1.1	1.4	0.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.6
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	114,545	56,710	57,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	49,425	23,680	25,745	43.1	41.8	44.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,065	14,300	13,765	24.5	25.2	23.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	37,055	18,730	18,325	32.3	33.0	31.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	37,865	18,030	19,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	24,835	12,485	12,350	65.6	69.2	62.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	9,305	5,935	3,375	24.6	32.9	17.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15,530	6,555	8,975	41.0	36.4	45.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,315	3,090	5,225	22.0	17.1	26.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,275	2,255	2,025	11.3	12.5	10.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	440	205	235	1.2	1.1	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	37,865	18,030	19,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,065	640	425	2.8	3.5	2.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,755	1,610	2,135	9.9	8.9	10.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,890	1,015	875	5.0	5.6	4.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,320	1,080	1,235	6.1	6.0	6.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	105	25	85	0.3	0.1	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	28,735	13,660	15,080	75.9	75.8	76.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	114,545	56,705	57,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	51,565	24,825	26,735	45.0	43.8	46.2
South Asian	5,420	2,605	2,820	4.7	4.6	4.9
Chinese	19,075	9,245	9,825	16.7	16.3	17.0
Black	1,675	870	800	1.5	1.5	1.4
Filipino	3,390	1,495	1,900	3.0	2.6	3.3
Arab	1,020	615	400	0.9	1.1	0.7
Latin American	2,335	1,115	1,220	2.0	2.0	2.1
Southeast Asian	1,550	710	835	1.4	1.3	1.4
West Asian	5,705	2,875	2,830	5.0	5.1	4.9
Korean	6,985	3,310	3,675	6.1	5.8	6.4
Japanese	1,515	600	910	1.3	1.1	1.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	520	250	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	2,375	1,130	1,245	2.1	2.0	2.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	62,985	31,885	31,100	55.0	56.2	53.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	114,545	56,705	57,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,295	4,850	4,450	8.1	8.6	7.7
English	19,595	9,845	9,750	17.1	17.4	16.9
Irish	11,545	5,650	5,895	10.1	10.0	10.2
Scottish	14,630	7,045	7,580	12.8	12.4	13.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,485	2,640	2,845	4.8	4.7	4.9
German	8,275	4,175	4,100	7.2	7.4	7.1
Chinese	17,690	8,480	9,215	15.4	15.0	15.9
Italian	6,695	3,455	3,240	5.8	6.1	5.6
Indian (India)	3,460	1,650	1,810	3.0	2.9	3.1
Ukrainian	4,105	2,055	2,055	3.6	3.6	3.6
Dutch	2,950	1,450	1,500	2.6	2.6	2.6
Polish	3,320	1,720	1,600	2.9	3.0	2.8
Québécois	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,570	1,745	1,825	3.1	3.1	3.2
Filipino	3,595	1,575	2,025	3.1	2.8	3.5
French Canadian	870	435	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,645	875	765	1.4	1.5	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	870	440	435	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis	1,185	555	625	1.0	1.0	1.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,000	1,090	910	1.7	1.9	1.6
Russian	2,975	1,400	1,575	2.6	2.5	2.7
Norwegian	2,340	1,170	1,170	2.0	2.1	2.0
Welsh	2,035	915	1,115	1.8	1.6	1.9
Portuguese	1,215	570	645	1.1	1.0	1.1
American	1,405	670	730	1.2	1.2	1.3
Spanish	1,780	835	945	1.6	1.5	1.6
Swedish	1,845	910	935	1.6	1.6	1.6
Hungarian	1,025	480	545	0.9	0.8	0.9
Acadian	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	380	190	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	550	290	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jewish	740	400	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Punjabi	535	265	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	960	460	500	0.8	0.8	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	420	225	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Greek	540	295	245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	190	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,535	785	755	1.3	1.4	1.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	305	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	6,765	3,150	3,620	5.9	5.6	6.3
Romanian	1,295	660	625	1.1	1.2	1.1
Lebanese	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	4,215	2,165	2,045	3.7	3.8	3.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	470	240	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,035	465	580	0.9	0.8	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	260	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sikh	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	690	385	310	0.6	0.7	0.5
Belgian	475	260	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	470	240	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	965	450	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
Mennonite	155	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	430	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	920	450	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sri Lankan	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	1,315	680	640	1.1	1.2	1.1
Japanese	1,755	710	1,045	1.5	1.3	1.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	320	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	535	280	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Muslim	335	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	480	265	220	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamil	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	620	310	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	580	310	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Syrian	210	145	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
Guyanese	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	740	360	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	130	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	445	235	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ojibway	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	1,185	550	630	1.0	1.0	1.1
Ontarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	1,455	710	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	345	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algerian	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazilian	335	145	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	100	80	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	300	140	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	360	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	1,425	705	720	1.2	1.2	1.2
Iraqi	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	280	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	485	230	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	330	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	440	240	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australian	475	260	215	0.4	0.5	0.4
Palestinian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	170	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	50	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	255	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Peruvian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	160	55	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	170	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mohawk	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	235	140	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuban	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	225	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Venezuelan	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	325	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Laotian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	350	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ecuadorian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	155	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	270	170	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Fijian	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	115	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	145	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	275	150	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mayan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	160	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	114,545	56,705	57,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,895	775	1,120	1.7	1.4	1.9
Christian	42,905	19,990	22,915	37.5	35.3	39.6
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,400	4,740	5,655	9.1	8.4	9.8
Anabaptist	335	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	2,170	1,000	1,170	1.9	1.8	2.0
Baptist	1,100	485	615	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catholic	18,820	9,030	9,790	16.4	15.9	16.9
Christian Orthodox	1,920	975	950	1.7	1.7	1.6
Jehovah's Witness	365	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	1,080	485	595	0.9	0.9	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	255	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	790	360	430	0.7	0.6	0.7
Presbyterian	1,000	490	515	0.9	0.9	0.9
Reformed	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,530	1,030	1,500	2.2	1.8	2.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,905	845	1,055	1.7	1.5	1.8
Hindu	1,500	730	770	1.3	1.3	1.3
Jewish	430	250	185	0.4	0.4	0.3
Muslim	5,520	2,770	2,750	4.8	4.9	4.8
Sikh	1,330	615	710	1.2	1.1	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,405	615	795	1.2	1.1	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	59,485	30,935	28,550	51.9	54.6	49.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	113,770	56,285	57,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	99,910	49,505	50,405	87.8	88.0	87.7
Movers	13,860	6,785	7,075	12.2	12.1	12.3
Non-migrants	6,270	3,050	3,220	5.5	5.4	5.6
Migrants	7,590	3,735	3,860	6.7	6.6	6.7
Internal migrants	6,290	3,105	3,185	5.5	5.5	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	5,390	2,650	2,745	4.7	4.7	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	900	460	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
External migrants	1,300	625	675	1.1	1.1	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	109,870	54,285	55,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	68,205	33,815	34,395	62.1	62.3	61.9
Movers	41,660	20,475	21,185	37.9	37.7	38.1
Non-migrants	11,925	5,910	6,015	10.9	10.9	10.8
Migrants	29,735	14,565	15,170	27.1	26.8	27.3
Internal migrants	23,420	11,585	11,835	21.3	21.3	21.3
Intraprovincial migrants	20,470	10,070	10,405	18.6	18.6	18.7
Interprovincial migrants	2,945	1,515	1,430	2.7	2.8	2.6
External migrants	6,315	2,980	3,335	5.7	5.5	6.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,360	47,905	49,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,590	5,695	4,895	10.9	11.9	9.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,770	42,205	44,565	89.1	88.1	90.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,675	31,505	33,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,480	2,085	1,390	5.4	6.6	4.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,195	29,425	31,775	94.6	93.4	95.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,365	47,905	49,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,510	4,965	4,545	9.8	10.4	9.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,530	12,865	13,665	27.2	26.9	27.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	61,320	30,075	31,245	63.0	62.8	63.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,795	13,615	13,175	27.5	28.4	26.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,315	4,700	1,610	6.5	9.8	3.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,550	1,415	1,130	2.6	3.0	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,765	3,285	485	3.9	6.9	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,590	7,160	9,430	17.0	14.9	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,890	1,755	2,140	4.0	3.7	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	34,530	16,460	18,070	35.5	34.4	36.5
Bachelor's degree	22,690	10,705	11,985	23.3	22.3	24.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,355	1,045	1,310	2.4	2.2	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	875	455	425	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	7,320	3,500	3,825	7.5	7.3	7.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,290	750	535	1.3	1.6	1.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,670	31,510	33,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,820	1,650	1,165	4.4	5.2	3.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,875	6,930	6,945	21.5	22.0	20.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,980	22,930	25,050	74.2	72.8	75.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,660	9,830	9,830	30.4	31.2	29.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,480	3,315	1,160	6.9	10.5	3.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,820	1,015	805	2.8	3.2	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,655	2,300	355	4.1	7.3	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,275	5,230	7,045	19.0	16.6	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,900	1,280	1,620	4.5	4.1	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	28,330	13,100	15,230	43.8	41.6	45.9
Bachelor's degree	18,395	8,435	9,965	28.4	26.8	30.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,965	845	1,120	3.0	2.7	3.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	705	340	370	1.1	1.1	1.1
Master's degree	6,210	2,885	3,325	9.6	9.2	10.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,050	595	455	1.6	1.9	1.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,365	47,905	49,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,040	17,835	18,210	37.0	37.2	36.8
Education	3,825	890	2,935	3.9	1.9	5.9
13. Education	3,825	890	2,935	3.9	1.9	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,885	1,240	1,645	3.0	2.6	3.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	410	280	135	0.4	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,475	965	1,510	2.5	2.0	3.1
Humanities	3,300	1,115	2,180	3.4	2.3	4.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	555	100	455	0.6	0.2	0.9
23. English language and literature/letters	890	265	625	0.9	0.6	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,015	345	670	1.0	0.7	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	120	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	345	160	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	130	20	110	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,345	2,960	5,385	8.6	6.2	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,095	385	715	1.1	0.8	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	945	100	845	1.0	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,195	360	835	1.2	0.8	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,505	355	1,145	1.5	0.7	2.3
45. Social sciences	3,350	1,650	1,700	3.4	3.4	3.4
Business, management and public administration	13,230	5,965	7,270	13.6	12.5	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	485	115	370	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,730	5,835	6,890	13.1	12.2	13.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,115	1,605	1,510	3.2	3.4	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,295	610	680	1.3	1.3	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	665	305	365	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,015	645	370	1.0	1.3	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,415	2,295	1,125	3.5	4.8	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,790	1,970	820	2.9	4.1	1.7
25. Library science	135	30	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	415	235	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	60	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,065	10,495	1,575	12.4	21.9	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	495	330	170	0.5	0.7	0.3
14. Engineering	4,745	3,835	910	4.9	8.0	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,205	1,900	305	2.3	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,320	2,250	70	2.4	4.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,455	1,410	45	1.5	2.9	0.1
48. Precision production	855	780	80	0.9	1.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,035	530	500	1.1	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	605	275	330	0.6	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	430	260	170	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	7,690	1,745	5,945	7.9	3.6	12.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	750	365	385	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,720	1,255	5,465	6.9	2.6	11.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,405	1,225	1,175	2.5	2.6	2.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,490	455	1,030	1.5	0.9	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	365	265	105	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	525	480	45	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,675	31,505	33,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	16,690	8,580	8,110	25.8	27.2	24.4
Education	2,670	580	2,090	4.1	1.8	6.3
13. Education	2,670	580	2,090	4.1	1.8	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,310	960	1,350	3.6	3.0	4.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	295	185	105	0.5	0.6	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,020	775	1,245	3.1	2.5	3.8
Humanities	2,550	855	1,690	3.9	2.7	5.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	435	65	370	0.7	0.2	1.1
23. English language and literature/letters	715	200	505	1.1	0.6	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	795	300	505	1.2	1.0	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	265	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,810	2,335	4,475	10.5	7.4	13.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	890	310	580	1.4	1.0	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	725	75	645	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	1,025	275	745	1.6	0.9	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
42. Psychology	1,240	260	980	1.9	0.8	3.0
45. Social sciences	2,720	1,315	1,405	4.2	4.2	4.2
Business, management and public administration	10,560	4,545	6,015	16.3	14.4	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	380	85	295	0.6	0.3	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,165	4,445	5,715	15.7	14.1	17.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,415	1,240	1,175	3.7	3.9	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,025	495	525	1.6	1.6	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	515	225	290	0.8	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	760	485	270	1.2	1.5	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,915	1,980	945	4.5	6.3	2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,450	1,740	715	3.8	5.5	2.2
25. Library science	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	330	185	140	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,130	7,740	1,390	14.1	24.6	4.2
04. Architecture and related services	405	255	155	0.6	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	3,760	2,925	830	5.8	9.3	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,595	1,335	260	2.5	4.2	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,695	1,640	55	2.6	5.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,075	1,045	30	1.7	3.3	0.1
48. Precision production	605	545	65	0.9	1.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	825	400	420	1.3	1.3	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	470	195	275	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	355	205	145	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	5,925	1,350	4,570	9.2	4.3	13.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	575	275	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,170	985	4,180	8.0	3.1	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,870	940	925	2.9	3.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,155	350	805	1.8	1.1	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	315	225	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	380	345	35	0.6	1.1	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	64,675	31,505	33,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,690	8,580	8,110	25.8	27.2	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	47,985	22,925	25,055	74.2	72.8	75.5
Location of study inside Canada	32,940	16,280	16,655	50.9	51.7	50.2
Same as province or territory of residence	27,490	13,485	14,000	42.5	42.8	42.2
Different than province or territory of residence	5,445	2,795	2,655	8.4	8.9	8.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	15,045	6,645	8,395	23.3	21.1	25.3
Americas	2,350	1,175	1,175	3.6	3.7	3.5
United States of America	1,455	790	660	2.2	2.5	2.0
Mexico	300	120	180	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	225	80	140	0.3	0.3	0.4
Colombia	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peru	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	170	90	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Europe	3,050	1,455	1,595	4.7	4.6	4.8
Belgium	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	155	60	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Germany	110	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungary	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	170	70	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romania	290	155	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Russian Federation	255	100	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Ukraine	310	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	960	490	470	1.5	1.6	1.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italy	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	380	170	210	0.6	0.5	0.6
Africa	360	180	180	0.6	0.6	0.5
Nigeria	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	210	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	90	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Asia	8,855	3,650	5,205	13.7	11.6	15.7
Iran⁸⁸	1,330	605	725	2.1	1.9	2.2
Iraq	80	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	2,510	1,060	1,450	3.9	3.4	4.4
Taiwan	305	95	215	0.5	0.3	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	305	120	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
Japan	210	45	165	0.3	0.1	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	1,845	745	1,100	2.9	2.4	3.3
Philippines	910	335	575	1.4	1.1	1.7
Viet Nam	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	540	250	295	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pakistan	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	460	205	255	0.7	0.7	0.8
Oceania	425	180	245	0.7	0.6	0.7
Australia	350	150	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
New Zealand	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,365	47,905	49,460	...	...	...
In the labour force	64,325	33,575	30,755	...	...	...
Employed	58,890	30,875	28,015	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,435	2,705	2,735	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	33,035	14,330	18,710	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.1	70.1	62.2	66.1	70.1	62.2
Employment rate	60.5	64.5	56.6	60.5	64.5	56.6
Unemployment rate	8.4	8.1	8.9	8.4	8.1	8.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,365	47,905	49,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,075	14,830	19,245	35.0	31.0	38.9
Worked	63,290	33,075	30,215	65.0	69.0	61.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,770	19,965	14,800	35.7	41.7	29.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,525	13,110	15,410	29.3	27.4	31.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.4	42.5	40.3	41.4	42.5	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	64,330	33,580	30,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,605	785	820	2.5	2.3	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,720	32,795	29,930	97.5	97.7	97.3
Employee	52,140	26,355	25,780	81.1	78.5	83.8
Permanent position	43,705	22,545	21,160	67.9	67.1	68.8
Temporary position	8,435	3,810	4,625	13.1	11.3	15.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,905	1,330	1,575	4.5	4.0	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,530	2,480	3,045	8.6	7.4	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,585	6,440	4,145	16.5	19.2	13.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	64,330	33,580	30,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,605	785	820	2.5	2.3	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,720	32,795	29,930	97.5	97.7	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,030	730	300	1.6	2.2	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,830	4,235	8,595	19.9	12.6	28.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,200	5,595	1,605	11.2	16.7	5.2
3 Health occupations	4,295	1,070	3,225	6.7	3.2	10.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,770	2,660	5,110	12.1	7.9	16.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,980	1,585	1,395	4.6	4.7	4.5
6 Sales and service occupations	15,190	6,785	8,395	23.6	20.2	27.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,435	8,650	785	14.7	25.8	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	485	370	110	0.8	1.1	0.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,515	1,110	415	2.4	3.3	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	64,330	33,580	30,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,605	785	820	2.5	2.3	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	62,720	32,795	29,930	97.5	97.7	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	185	105	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	205	160	45	0.3	0.5	0.1
22 Utilities	555	340	215	0.9	1.0	0.7
23 Construction	5,475	4,630	845	8.5	13.8	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	3,540	2,390	1,145	5.5	7.1	3.7
41 Wholesale trade	2,525	1,680	850	3.9	5.0	2.8
44-45 Retail trade	7,015	3,210	3,805	10.9	9.6	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,745	2,020	730	4.3	6.0	2.4
51 Information and cultural industries	2,625	1,720	905	4.1	5.1	2.9
52 Finance and insurance	3,135	1,475	1,655	4.9	4.4	5.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,610	835	775	2.5	2.5	2.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,635	4,515	3,120	11.9	13.4	10.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	230	120	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,110	1,240	870	3.3	3.7	2.8
61 Educational services	5,260	1,720	3,540	8.2	5.1	11.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,045	1,545	5,495	11.0	4.6	17.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,440	730	710	2.2	2.2	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,425	1,585	1,840	5.3	4.7	6.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,560	985	1,575	4.0	2.9	5.1
91 Public administration	3,405	1,790	1,610	5.3	5.3	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	68,375	35,530	32,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	62,265	32,760	29,505	91.1	92.2	89.8
French	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	1,145	550	595	1.7	1.5	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,145	550	595	1.7	1.5	1.8
English and French	515	180	345	0.8	0.5	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,240	1,980	2,270	6.2	5.6	6.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	68,375	35,530	32,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,460	35,105	32,360	98.7	98.8	98.5
Official languages	65,160	34,040	31,120	95.3	95.8	94.7
English	64,970	34,000	30,975	95.0	95.7	94.3
French	190	40	150	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	2,305	1,070	1,235	3.4	3.0	3.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,305	1,070	1,235	3.4	3.0	3.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	290	135	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dari	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	785	365	420	1.1	1.0	1.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,125	530	600	1.6	1.5	1.8
Chinese languages	1,125	530	600	1.6	1.5	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	795	365	430	1.2	1.0	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	335	165	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	910	425	485	1.3	1.2	1.5
English and French	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	820	400	420	1.2	1.1	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	68,375	35,530	32,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,280	33,695	30,585	94.0	94.8	93.1
English	1,110	465	645	1.6	1.3	2.0
French	345	135	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	2,115	995	1,120	3.1	2.8	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,115	995	1,120	3.1	2.8	3.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	385	185	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,890	30,875	28,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	17,105	8,480	8,630	29.0	27.5	30.8
Worked outside Canada	290	205	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
No fixed workplace address	7,825	5,920	1,900	13.3	19.2	6.8
Usual place of work	33,670	16,270	17,400	57.2	52.7	62.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,670	16,270	17,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,795	3,585	5,210	26.1	22.0	29.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	24,395	12,370	12,025	72.5	76.0	69.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	400	275	120	1.2	1.7	0.7
Commute to a different province or territory	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	41,490	22,185	19,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,740	18,780	14,955	81.3	84.7	77.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,340	17,965	13,375	75.5	81.0	69.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,400	815	1,585	5.8	3.7	8.2
Public transit	5,020	2,235	2,785	12.1	10.1	14.4
Walked	1,580	575	1,005	3.8	2.6	5.2
Bicycle	170	135	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
Other method	980	470	515	2.4	2.1	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	41,490	22,185	19,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,450	3,500	4,945	20.4	15.8	25.6
15 to 29 minutes	12,400	6,345	6,055	29.9	28.6	31.4
30 to 44 minutes	11,215	6,850	4,365	27.0	30.9	22.6
45 to 59 minutes	5,485	3,305	2,175	13.2	14.9	11.3
60 minutes and over	3,950	2,185	1,765	9.5	9.8	9.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	41,490	22,185	19,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,585	1,910	680	6.2	8.6	3.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,920	4,590	2,330	16.7	20.7	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,110	5,390	4,720	24.4	24.3	24.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,665	4,010	4,655	20.9	18.1	24.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,505	3,320	4,190	18.1	15.0	21.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,695	2,970	2,730	13.7	13.4	14.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,945	11,285	10,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,235	615	620	5.6	5.4	5.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,710	10,675	10,040	94.4	94.6	94.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,845	8,670	8,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	980	485	500	5.8	5.6	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	485	220	265	2.9	2.5	3.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	495	265	230	2.9	3.1	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,865	8,190	7,675	94.2	94.5	93.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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