Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Okanagan Lake West--South KelownaMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	106,795	52,135	54,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,410	7,950	7,460	14.4	15.2	13.6
0 to 4 years	4,355	2,260	2,095	4.1	4.3	3.8
5 to 9 years	5,270	2,730	2,545	4.9	5.2	4.7
10 to 14 years	5,780	2,960	2,820	5.4	5.7	5.2
15 to 64 years	65,405	31,700	33,700	61.2	60.8	61.7
15 to 19 years	5,630	2,845	2,785	5.3	5.5	5.1
20 to 24 years	5,095	2,565	2,530	4.8	4.9	4.6
25 to 29 years	5,490	2,740	2,750	5.1	5.3	5.0
30 to 34 years	6,040	2,965	3,075	5.7	5.7	5.6
35 to 39 years	6,665	3,230	3,435	6.2	6.2	6.3
40 to 44 years	6,270	3,055	3,215	5.9	5.9	5.9
45 to 49 years	6,465	3,165	3,300	6.1	6.1	6.0
50 to 54 years	6,665	3,245	3,420	6.2	6.2	6.3
55 to 59 years	8,190	3,760	4,430	7.7	7.2	8.1
60 to 64 years	8,890	4,140	4,745	8.3	7.9	8.7
65 years and over	25,985	12,480	13,505	24.3	23.9	24.7
65 to 69 years	8,355	4,010	4,340	7.8	7.7	7.9
70 to 74 years	7,255	3,525	3,730	6.8	6.8	6.8
75 to 79 years	4,685	2,310	2,375	4.4	4.4	4.3
80 to 84 years	3,045	1,490	1,555	2.9	2.9	2.8
85 years and over	2,650	1,145	1,505	2.5	2.2	2.8
85 to 89 years	1,655	805	845	1.5	1.5	1.5
90 to 94 years	785	285	500	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	185	50	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	15.2	13.6	14.4	15.2	13.6
15 to 64 years	61.2	60.8	61.7	61.2	60.8	61.7
65 years and over	24.3	23.9	24.7	24.3	23.9	24.7
85 years and over	2.5	2.2	2.8	2.5	2.2	2.8
Average age of the population	45.2	44.5	45.8	45.2	44.5	45.8
Median age of the population	47.2	46.0	48.4	47.2	46.0	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	44,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	26,395	...	...	59.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,960	...	...	4.4	...	...
Row house	1,805	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,070	...	...	6.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,480	...	...	16.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	525	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,000	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	44,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,200	...	...	25.3	...	...
2 persons	18,545	...	...	41.8	...	...
3 persons	5,875	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	5,595	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	3,125	...	...	7.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	105,475	51,555	53,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	91,385	44,185	47,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,765	28,895	28,870	63.2	65.4	61.2
Married	47,675	23,845	23,835	52.2	54.0	50.5
Living common-law	10,090	5,055	5,035	11.0	11.4	10.7
Living common law - Never married	6,700	3,375	3,320	7.3	7.6	7.0
Living common law - Separated	435	220	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	2,620	1,305	1,310	2.9	3.0	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	340	145	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	33,625	15,290	18,335	36.8	34.6	38.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,250	10,855	9,400	22.2	24.6	19.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,285	920	1,360	2.5	2.1	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,230	2,440	3,795	6.8	5.5	8.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,855	1,075	3,780	5.3	2.4	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,330	...	...	60.1	...	...
3 persons	5,550	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	5,280	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,000	...	...	6.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,370	...	...	88.2	...	...
Married couples	23,335	...	...	72.5	...	...
With children⁶	9,855	...	...	30.6	...	...
Without children	13,470	...	...	41.9	...	...
Common-law couples	5,040	...	...	15.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,585	...	...	4.9	...	...
Without children	3,455	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,795	...	...	11.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,850	...	...	8.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	945	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	105,475	51,555	53,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	87,060	43,330	43,735	82.5	84.0	81.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,740	28,370	28,370	53.8	55.0	52.6
Parents in one-parent families	3,790	945	2,855	3.6	1.8	5.3
Children⁶	26,525	14,015	12,510	25.1	27.2	23.2
In a two-parent family	20,915	10,995	9,920	19.8	21.3	18.4
In a one-parent family	5,610	3,025	2,590	5.3	5.9	4.8
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,415	8,225	10,190	17.5	16.0	18.9
Living alone	11,200	4,680	6,520	10.6	9.1	12.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,100	865	1,235	2.0	1.7	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	5,115	2,685	2,435	4.8	5.2	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	44,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,160	...	...	63.5	...	...
Couple-family households	25,310	...	...	57.1	...	...
With children⁶	10,060	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	15,255	...	...	34.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,850	...	...	6.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,060	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,650	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,895	...	...	4.3	...	...
One-person households	11,200	...	...	25.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	90,085	43,615	46,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,980	42,575	45,410	97.7	97.6	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,400	37,200	42,800	50,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	88,095	42,645	45,450	97.8	97.8	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	34,000	38,800	45,200	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,190	39,690	41,495	90.1	91.0	89.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,800	28,000	35,200	44,800	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,310	30,430	29,880	66.9	69.8	64.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,000	28,800	35,200	44,000	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	71,895	32,785	39,115	79.8	75.2	84.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,500	11,300	11,600	11,500	11,300	11,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,855	3,655	4,205	8.7	8.4	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,060	10,085	11,970	24.5	23.1	25.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	90,050	43,655	46,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,835	42,510	45,330	97.5	97.4	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,900	68,600	47,920	57,900	68,600	47,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,995	42,620	45,380	97.7	97.6	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,120	55,750	41,000	48,120	55,750	41,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,255	39,660	41,595	90.2	90.8	89.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,350	64,200	41,080	52,350	64,200	41,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,170	30,200	29,965	66.8	69.2	64.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,560	59,450	39,600	49,560	59,450	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,720	32,645	39,075	79.6	74.8	84.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,630	11,340	11,880	11,630	11,340	11,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,815	3,595	4,220	8.7	8.2	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,255	6,710	6,500	6,255	6,710
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,695	9,965	11,725	24.1	22.8	25.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,460	8,980	8,740	8,460	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	90,050	43,655	46,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,735	14,450	11,290	28.6	33.1	24.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	70,500	57,200	64,500	70,500	57,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,900	87,100	66,200	77,900	87,100	66,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,150	11,825	14,325	29.0	27.1	30.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,600	21,000	17,200	18,600	21,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,160	37,720	25,760	31,160	37,720	25,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.6	87.2	78.6	83.6	87.2	78.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.6	61.6	54.6	58.6	61.6	54.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.4	12.7	21.4	16.4	12.7	21.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.3	1.0	0.8	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.5	6.2	4.7	3.5	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.7	2.9	4.9	3.7	2.9	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	90,080	43,615	46,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,105	1,045	1,055	2.3	2.4	2.3
With total income	87,980	42,570	45,410	97.7	97.6	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,845	2,845	4,000	7.8	6.7	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	10,020	3,935	6,085	11.4	9.2	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	13,115	5,275	7,835	14.9	12.4	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	11,290	4,695	6,595	12.8	11.0	14.5
$40,000 to $49,999	9,860	4,365	5,490	11.2	10.3	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,025	3,820	4,200	9.1	9.0	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,340	3,355	2,990	7.2	7.9	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,835	2,755	2,080	5.5	6.5	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,735	2,160	1,575	4.2	5.1	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,960	1,785	1,175	3.4	4.2	2.6
$100,000 and over	10,975	7,590	3,385	12.5	17.8	7.4
$100,000 to $149,999	6,645	4,400	2,250	7.6	10.3	5.0
$150,000 and over	4,320	3,190	1,135	4.9	7.5	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	90,080	43,615	46,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,990	970	1,020	2.2	2.2	2.2
With after-tax income	88,095	42,645	45,450	97.8	97.8	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,430	3,060	4,375	8.4	7.2	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,465	4,100	6,360	11.9	9.6	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,695	5,955	8,745	16.7	14.0	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	13,030	5,550	7,480	14.8	13.0	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	11,085	5,105	5,980	12.6	12.0	13.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,460	4,400	4,060	9.6	10.3	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,215	3,525	2,690	7.1	8.3	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,535	2,680	1,860	5.2	6.3	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,320	2,035	1,285	3.8	4.8	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	1,430	740	2.5	3.3	1.6
$100,000 and over	6,685	4,815	1,870	7.6	11.3	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,975	2,085	890	3.4	4.9	1.9
$125,000 and over	3,710	2,725	985	4.2	6.4	2.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	90,080	43,615	46,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,775	13,185	16,585	33.1	30.2	35.7
With employment income	60,310	30,430	29,880	66.9	69.8	64.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,575	4,550	5,025	15.9	15.0	16.8
$5,000 to $9,999	4,980	2,110	2,870	8.3	6.9	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	7,210	3,000	4,210	12.0	9.9	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,655	2,455	3,195	9.4	8.1	10.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,130	2,220	2,910	8.5	7.3	9.7
$40,000 to $49,999	4,935	2,230	2,700	8.2	7.3	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	4,505	2,155	2,350	7.5	7.1	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,720	2,040	1,680	6.2	6.7	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,975	1,770	1,210	4.9	5.8	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,445	1,410	1,035	4.1	4.6	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,120	1,320	805	3.5	4.3	2.7
$100,000 and over	7,065	5,175	1,890	11.7	17.0	6.3
$100,000 to $124,999	3,070	2,065	1,005	5.1	6.8	3.4
$125,000 and over	3,995	3,110	890	6.6	10.2	3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	90,085	43,615	46,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,055	41,585	44,470	95.5	95.3	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	50,000	34,400	40,800	50,000	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	86,235	41,625	44,610	95.7	95.4	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,000	31,000	36,400	44,000	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,450	39,285	41,165	89.3	90.1	88.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	46,400	29,400	36,800	46,400	29,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	62,850	31,445	31,405	69.8	72.1	67.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	43,600	28,600	34,400	43,600	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	58,645	25,250	33,395	65.1	57.9	71.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700	9,400	8,200	8,700	9,400	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,885	2,740	3,150	6.5	6.3	6.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,200	5,480	5,400	5,200	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	90,050	43,655	46,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,040	41,545	44,495	95.5	95.2	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,200	68,900	46,320	57,200	68,900	46,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	86,205	41,590	44,620	95.7	95.3	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,840	55,400	38,880	46,840	55,400	38,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,455	39,185	41,265	89.3	89.8	89.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,300	66,800	42,440	54,300	66,800	42,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	62,385	31,040	31,345	69.3	71.1	67.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,880	59,750	38,080	48,880	59,750	38,080
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,305	24,945	33,360	64.7	57.1	71.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,510	9,790	9,300	9,510	9,790	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,915	2,635	3,280	6.6	6.0	7.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,190	6,460	7,760	7,190	6,460	7,760
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	90,050	43,655	46,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,540	14,310	11,230	28.4	32.8	24.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	68,000	53,600	60,800	68,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,800	83,900	60,900	73,800	83,900	60,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,810	11,170	13,640	27.6	25.6	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,600	27,600	21,200	23,600	27,600	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,840	46,400	29,000	36,840	46,400	29,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.8	91.4	85.0	88.8	91.4	85.0
Employment income (%)	61.9	64.8	57.9	61.9	64.8	57.9
Government transfers (%)	11.3	8.5	15.0	11.3	8.5	15.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	44,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,200	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	44,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,800	...	...	114,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,100	...	...	54,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,920	...	...	45,920	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	44,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	320	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	705	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,495	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,245	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,295	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,545	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,560	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,635	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,120	...	...	7.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,110	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,965	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,775	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,495	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,520	...	...	44.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,155	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,030	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,045	...	...	11.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,295	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	44,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	750	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,565	...	...	3.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,435	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,525	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,755	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,860	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,765	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,680	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,605	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,415	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,015	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,715	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,250	...	...	36.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,485	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,790	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,975	...	...	15.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,750	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,310	7,360	8,950	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,600	41,200	38,400	39,600	41,200	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	37,200	35,200	36,000	37,200	35,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,400	...	...	134,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,900	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	171,400	...	...	171,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,800	...	...	139,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,475	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,300	...	...	81,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,075	7,195	8,875	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,040	52,750	47,800	50,040	52,750	47,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,920	44,560	41,600	42,920	44,560	41,600
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	105,475	51,555	53,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,825	9,705	9,125	17.8	18.8	16.9
0 to 5 years	5,380	2,815	2,570	5.1	5.5	4.8
18 to 64 years	61,585	29,730	31,855	58.4	57.7	59.1
65 years and over	25,065	12,125	12,940	23.8	23.5	24.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,970	4,130	4,840	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,630	860	770	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	430	225	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,760	2,230	2,525	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,580	1,030	1,545	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	8.0	9.0	8.5	8.0	9.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.7	8.9	8.5	8.7	8.9	8.5
0 to 5 years (%)	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	7.7	7.5	7.9	7.7	7.5	7.9
65 years and over (%)	10.3	8.5	12.0	10.3	8.5	12.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	94,815	46,550	48,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,570	9,055	8,520	18.5	19.5	17.7
0 to 5 years	4,990	2,590	2,395	5.3	5.6	5.0
18 to 64 years	55,825	27,055	28,770	58.9	58.1	59.6
65 years and over	21,415	10,440	10,970	22.6	22.4	22.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,190	1,605	1,585	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	600	310	290	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	130	65	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,235	1,130	1,105	...	...	...
65 years and over	350	165	185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.6	2.5	2.8	2.6	2.5	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.8	4.0	4.2	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	105,475	51,560	53,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	46,120	21,850	24,275	43.7	42.4	45.0
In bottom decile	8,570	4,055	4,510	8.1	7.9	8.4
In second decile	8,930	4,110	4,825	8.5	8.0	8.9
In third decile	9,195	4,300	4,890	8.7	8.3	9.1
In fourth decile	9,560	4,590	4,970	9.1	8.9	9.2
In fifth decile	9,875	4,795	5,080	9.4	9.3	9.4
In top half of the distribution	59,355	29,710	29,645	56.3	57.6	55.0
In sixth decile	10,415	5,070	5,345	9.9	9.8	9.9
In seventh decile	10,810	5,325	5,485	10.2	10.3	10.2
In eighth decile	11,560	5,805	5,760	11.0	11.3	10.7
In ninth decile	12,290	6,195	6,095	11.7	12.0	11.3
In top decile	14,275	7,315	6,965	13.5	14.2	12.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	105,475	...	...	105,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.348	...	...	0.348	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	...	...	0.448	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	106,110	51,890	54,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	98,075	48,320	49,760	92.4	93.1	91.8
French only	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,595	3,365	4,225	7.2	6.5	7.8
Neither English nor French	425	195	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	106,110	51,890	54,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	104,060	50,930	53,135	98.1	98.1	98.0
French	1,460	695	765	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	190	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	405	185	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	106,110	51,890	54,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,330	51,090	53,240	98.3	98.5	98.2
Official languages	93,570	46,115	47,460	88.2	88.9	87.5
English	92,015	45,380	46,635	86.7	87.5	86.0
French	1,555	730	825	1.5	1.4	1.5
Non-official languages	10,755	4,980	5,780	10.1	9.6	10.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,730	4,970	5,760	10.1	9.6	10.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	190	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	135	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	545	195	355	0.5	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	435	155	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,805	3,740	4,065	7.4	7.2	7.5
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,715	755	955	1.6	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,685	745	940	1.6	1.4	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	430	190	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	395	160	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	245	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	270	115	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,225	1,525	1,700	3.0	2.9	3.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,310	1,075	1,230	2.2	2.1	2.3
German	2,220	1,035	1,190	2.1	2.0	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	750	375	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	540	270	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	160	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,260	640	620	1.2	1.2	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,055	530	525	1.0	1.0	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	810	400	410	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	165	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,535	775	765	1.4	1.5	1.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	390	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	720	360	360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	220	55	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	270	125	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	840	345	490	0.8	0.7	0.9
Chinese languages	825	345	480	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hakka	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	525	215	310	0.5	0.4	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	105	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	450	205	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Estonian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	350	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,785	800	985	1.7	1.5	1.8
English and French	400	180	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,175	530	640	1.1	1.0	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	106,110	51,890	54,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	95,940	47,205	48,740	90.4	91.0	89.9
French	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,790	870	915	1.7	1.7	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,790	875	915	1.7	1.7	1.7
English and French	1,025	455	570	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	6,770	3,095	3,680	6.4	6.0	6.8
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	230	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	106,110	51,890	54,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	104,875	51,330	53,550	98.8	98.9	98.8
Official languages	101,045	49,470	51,575	95.2	95.3	95.1
English	100,715	49,320	51,390	94.9	95.0	94.8
French	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	3,830	1,860	1,975	3.6	3.6	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,830	1,860	1,975	3.6	3.6	3.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,430	1,205	1,230	2.3	2.3	2.3
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	440	200	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	430	195	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	635	315	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	475	230	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	465	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	150	80	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	760	375	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	665	330	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	550	265	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	580	305	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	350	200	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	495	240	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	495	235	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	360	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,235	560	675	1.2	1.1	1.2
English and French	130	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,075	495	580	1.0	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	106,110	51,890	54,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	98,990	48,655	50,335	93.3	93.8	92.8
English	1,820	875	945	1.7	1.7	1.7
French	830	370	455	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	3,775	1,670	2,105	3.6	3.2	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,735	1,660	2,080	3.5	3.2	3.8
English and French	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	320	145	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	105,500	51,595	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	105,070	51,405	53,665	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	105,070	51,405	53,665	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	7,710	3,505	4,210	7.3	6.8	7.8
Non-official languages	15,115	6,950	8,165	14.3	13.5	15.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	160	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,965	6,890	8,080	14.2	13.4	15.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	305	165	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	300	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	205	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Maltese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	225	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	750	260	485	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	680	230	445	0.6	0.4	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,175	5,245	5,940	10.6	10.2	11.0
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,065	905	1,160	2.0	1.8	2.2
Baltic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,020	885	1,135	1.9	1.7	2.1
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	240	130	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	485	175	315	0.5	0.3	0.6
Russian	600	295	310	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	375	185	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	225	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	375	140	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,460	2,095	2,360	4.2	4.1	4.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,320	1,540	1,785	3.1	3.0	3.3
German	3,280	1,530	1,755	3.1	3.0	3.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	85	20	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,105	560	545	1.0	1.1	1.0
Afrikaans	390	200	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dutch	655	330	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,715	875	845	1.6	1.7	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,390	705	685	1.3	1.4	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	430	225	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,150	570	585	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	305	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	250	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,415	1,565	1,845	3.2	3.0	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	690	295	395	0.7	0.6	0.7
Portuguese	415	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,365	1,040	1,325	2.2	2.0	2.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	475	190	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korean	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	170	50	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	155	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,080	480	605	1.0	0.9	1.1
Chinese languages	1,065	470	595	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hakka	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	760	325	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	435	185	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	450	230	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	105,495	51,595	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,200	3,015	3,190	5.9	5.8	5.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	5,950	2,900	3,050	5.6	5.6	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,910	1,355	1,555	2.8	2.6	2.9
Métis	2,985	1,520	1,470	2.8	2.9	2.7
Inuk (Inuit)	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	99,295	48,580	50,715	94.1	94.2	94.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	105,495	51,595	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,110	935	1,175	2.0	1.8	2.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,385	50,660	52,725	98.0	98.2	97.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,385	...	...	77.6	...	...
Renter	9,825	...	...	22.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	105	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,660	...	...	17.3	...	...
Not condominium	36,655	...	...	82.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	4,040	...	...	9.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,470	...	...	28.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	12,265	...	...	27.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,345	...	...	34.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,550	...	...	23.8	...	...
5 rooms	6,120	...	...	13.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,780	...	...	13.0	...	...
7 rooms	5,685	...	...	12.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,180	...	...	36.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	43,955	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	360	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,115	...	...	97.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,200	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,930	...	...	6.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,675	...	...	24.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,910	...	...	13.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,315	...	...	18.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,900	...	...	8.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,830	...	...	10.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,060	...	...	6.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,700	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	42,500	...	...	95.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,815	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,565	...	...	44.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	22,555	...	...	50.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,195	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	895	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,765	...	...	10.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,600	...	...	14.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,195	...	...	16.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,675	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,050	...	...	20.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,625	...	...	10.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,505	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	38,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,590	...	...	76.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	8,950	...	...	23.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,000	...	...	20.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	44,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,185	...	...	25.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,250	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not suitable only	905	...	...	2.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,255	...	...	2.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	480	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	33,135	...	...	74.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	37,590	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,725	...	...	7.2	...	...
Not in core need	34,865	...	...	92.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,770	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.1	...	...	57.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.2	...	...	17.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,676	...	...	1,676	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	890,000	...	...	890,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,890	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.4	...	...	8.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	43.6	...	...	43.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.6	...	...	18.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,578	...	...	1,578	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	680	...	...	680	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	105,500	51,595	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,965	830	1,135	1.9	1.6	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,910	805	1,105	1.8	1.6	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,280	570	710	1.2	1.1	1.3
Métis single ancestry	605	225	380	0.6	0.4	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,660	2,365	2,290	4.4	4.6	4.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,515	2,295	2,225	4.3	4.4	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,595	1,270	1,325	2.5	2.5	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,895	1,010	880	1.8	2.0	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	98,870	48,400	50,475	93.7	93.8	93.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	105,495	51,595	53,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	100,755	49,360	51,395	95.5	95.7	95.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,385	9,530	8,855	17.4	18.5	16.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,370	39,830	42,540	78.1	77.2	78.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,740	2,235	2,510	4.5	4.3	4.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	105,495	51,595	53,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	89,765	44,250	45,515	85.1	85.8	84.4
Immigrants⁸¹	14,480	6,685	7,800	13.7	13.0	14.5
Before 1980	5,605	2,675	2,925	5.3	5.2	5.4
1980 to 1990	1,845	825	1,020	1.7	1.6	1.9
1991 to 2000	1,955	860	1,100	1.9	1.7	2.0
2001 to 2010	2,540	1,160	1,385	2.4	2.2	2.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,545	1,170	1,370	2.4	2.3	2.5
2011 to 2015	1,070	455	615	1.0	0.9	1.1
2016 to 2021	1,470	715	750	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,250	660	590	1.2	1.3	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,480	6,685	7,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,765	900	865	12.2	13.5	11.1
5 to 14 years	2,715	1,335	1,375	18.8	20.0	17.6
15 to 24 years	3,060	1,380	1,680	21.1	20.6	21.6
25 to 44 years	5,795	2,535	3,255	40.0	37.9	41.8
45 years and over	1,150	530	620	7.9	7.9	8.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,480	6,685	7,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,960	700	1,260	13.5	10.5	16.2
Brazil	85	50	30	0.6	0.7	0.4
Colombia	70	10	60	0.5	0.1	0.8
El Salvador	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	125	65	65	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mexico	160	60	100	1.1	0.9	1.3
Peru	50	0	50	0.3	0.0	0.6
Trinidad and Tobago	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	1,160	385	775	8.0	5.8	9.9
Other places of birth in Americas	230	75	155	1.6	1.1	2.0
Europe	8,130	3,990	4,140	56.1	59.7	53.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	145	90	55	1.0	1.3	0.7
France	100	35	55	0.7	0.5	0.7
Germany	1,365	670	700	9.4	10.0	9.0
Greece	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	205	95	110	1.4	1.4	1.4
Italy	250	145	105	1.7	2.2	1.3
Netherlands	500	250	250	3.5	3.7	3.2
Poland	455	160	290	3.1	2.4	3.7
Portugal	105	45	60	0.7	0.7	0.8
Romania	160	65	90	1.1	1.0	1.2
Russian Federation	155	85	70	1.1	1.3	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	60	25	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ukraine	140	60	75	1.0	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,270	1,675	1,600	22.6	25.1	20.5
Other places of birth in Europe	1,145	540	600	7.9	8.1	7.7
Africa	770	415	355	5.3	6.2	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	480	255	230	3.3	3.8	3.0
Other places of birth in Africa	205	110	100	1.4	1.6	1.3
Asia	3,200	1,350	1,855	22.1	20.2	23.8
Afghanistan	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	195	105	95	1.3	1.6	1.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	80	45	35	0.6	0.7	0.4
Turkey	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
China⁹⁰	535	215	325	3.7	3.2	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	115	40	70	0.8	0.6	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	200	90	110	1.4	1.3	1.4
Taiwan	60	25	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Philippines	565	170	390	3.9	2.5	5.0
Viet Nam	105	45	60	0.7	0.7	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	655	325	330	4.5	4.9	4.2
Pakistan	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	530	205	320	3.7	3.1	4.1
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	420	230	190	2.9	3.4	2.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,475	715	750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	325	155	175	22.0	21.7	23.3
Brazil	40	35	15	2.7	4.9	2.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	30	25	3.7	4.2	3.3
Mexico	25	10	15	1.7	1.4	2.0
United States of America	140	60	80	9.5	8.4	10.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	15	25	2.7	2.1	3.3
Europe	345	195	150	23.4	27.3	20.0
France	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Germany	15	15	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	35	20	10	2.4	2.8	1.3
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	20	2.4	2.1	2.7
Ukraine	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	85	75	10.5	11.9	10.0
Other places of birth in Europe	80	35	45	5.4	4.9	6.0
Africa	85	45	40	5.8	6.3	5.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	25	3.1	2.8	3.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	1.7	1.4	2.0
Asia	650	285	365	44.1	39.9	48.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	65	80	9.8	9.1	10.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0	1.0	1.4	0.0
India	65	30	35	4.4	4.2	4.7
Iran⁸⁸	35	10	15	2.4	1.4	2.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	35	15	20	2.4	2.1	2.7
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	2.4	2.1	2.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	175	65	110	11.9	9.1	14.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	60	35	30	4.1	4.9	4.0
Turkey	25	10	20	1.7	1.4	2.7
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.7	0.0	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	35	10	30	2.4	1.4	4.0
Oceania and other⁹³	70	45	25	4.7	6.3	3.3
Australia	60	40	25	4.1	5.6	3.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	105,495	51,595	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	17,285	8,075	9,210	16.4	15.7	17.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	20,240	9,935	10,300	19.2	19.3	19.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	67,970	33,590	34,380	64.4	65.1	63.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	8,880	4,005	4,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,835	2,365	2,470	54.4	59.1	50.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,945	1,210	730	21.9	30.2	15.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,890	1,155	1,740	32.5	28.8	35.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,175	1,225	1,945	35.8	30.6	39.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	830	410	425	9.3	10.2	8.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	8,880	4,005	4,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	130	65	60	1.5	1.6	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,765	780	985	19.9	19.5	20.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	365	155	210	4.1	3.9	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	440	195	245	5.0	4.9	5.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	60	20	45	0.7	0.5	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,120	2,790	3,325	68.9	69.7	68.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	105,500	51,595	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,690	3,985	4,705	8.2	7.7	8.7
South Asian	1,935	965	970	1.8	1.9	1.8
Chinese	1,550	670	880	1.5	1.3	1.6
Black	890	465	425	0.8	0.9	0.8
Filipino	925	365	560	0.9	0.7	1.0
Arab	195	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	750	340	415	0.7	0.7	0.8
Southeast Asian	435	145	295	0.4	0.3	0.5
West Asian	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	365	190	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	815	350	460	0.8	0.7	0.9
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	170	115	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	370	135	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	96,805	47,605	49,195	91.8	92.3	91.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	105,500	51,595	53,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,360	6,775	6,585	12.7	13.1	12.2
English	30,070	14,530	15,540	28.5	28.2	28.8
Irish	17,875	8,350	9,525	16.9	16.2	17.7
Scottish	22,010	10,530	11,480	20.9	20.4	21.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,935	4,705	5,230	9.4	9.1	9.7
German	20,025	9,760	10,265	19.0	18.9	19.0
Chinese	1,700	735	960	1.6	1.4	1.8
Italian	4,200	2,100	2,100	4.0	4.1	3.9
Indian (India)	1,375	705	665	1.3	1.4	1.2
Ukrainian	7,930	3,800	4,130	7.5	7.4	7.7
Dutch	5,370	2,640	2,730	5.1	5.1	5.1
Polish	4,660	2,135	2,525	4.4	4.1	4.7
Québécois	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,605	2,690	2,915	5.3	5.2	5.4
Filipino	950	395	555	0.9	0.8	1.0
French Canadian	1,305	645	655	1.2	1.3	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,925	1,000	925	1.8	1.9	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,080	925	1,155	2.0	1.8	2.1
Métis	2,695	1,335	1,360	2.6	2.6	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,060	1,610	1,445	2.9	3.1	2.7
Russian	3,695	1,830	1,865	3.5	3.5	3.5
Norwegian	3,905	1,925	1,970	3.7	3.7	3.7
Welsh	2,770	1,365	1,400	2.6	2.6	2.6
Portuguese	840	420	415	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	2,135	1,025	1,110	2.0	2.0	2.1
Spanish	910	410	505	0.9	0.8	0.9
Swedish	3,080	1,390	1,695	2.9	2.7	3.1
Hungarian	1,820	915	910	1.7	1.8	1.7
Acadian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	630	330	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Punjabi	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	255	95	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	470	205	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jamaican	285	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	495	290	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Korean	420	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	960	495	460	0.9	1.0	0.9
Lebanese	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian	250	135	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,515	740	775	1.4	1.4	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	415	220	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	185	80	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	1,815	875	940	1.7	1.7	1.7
Belgian	745	360	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	480	260	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mennonite	575	305	270	0.5	0.6	0.5
Swiss	875	425	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Finnish	890	450	440	0.8	0.9	0.8
Sri Lankan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	600	310	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Japanese	915	405	510	0.9	0.8	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	880	455	420	0.8	0.9	0.8
Muslim	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	765	410	355	0.7	0.8	0.7
Colombian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	705	330	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Syrian	105	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	290	160	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	360	180	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	305	130	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	60	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	455	250	210	0.4	0.5	0.4
Australian	450	205	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Palestinian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Congolese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	60	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	280	110	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	165	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	265	105	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	455	190	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Ecuadorian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	130	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	40	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	105,500	51,595	53,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	530	200	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Christian	43,420	19,825	23,590	41.2	38.4	43.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,745	5,115	5,635	10.2	9.9	10.5
Anabaptist	500	210	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Anglican	3,995	1,810	2,180	3.8	3.5	4.0
Baptist	2,095	925	1,175	2.0	1.8	2.2
Catholic	13,535	6,160	7,375	12.8	11.9	13.7
Christian Orthodox	640	325	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	630	255	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
Latter Day Saints	370	160	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	1,985	895	1,100	1.9	1.7	2.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,020	455	565	1.0	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	550	215	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reformed	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	4,640	2,010	2,630	4.4	3.9	4.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,495	1,195	1,305	2.4	2.3	2.4
Hindu	385	195	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	425	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	435	230	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	935	465	465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	855	325	530	0.8	0.6	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	58,410	30,110	28,300	55.4	58.4	52.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	104,765	51,210	53,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	89,250	43,715	45,535	85.2	85.4	85.0
Movers	15,515	7,490	8,020	14.8	14.6	15.0
Non-migrants	7,800	3,865	3,935	7.4	7.5	7.3
Migrants	7,720	3,630	4,090	7.4	7.1	7.6
Internal migrants	7,160	3,375	3,790	6.8	6.6	7.1
Intraprovincial migrants	4,360	1,995	2,365	4.2	3.9	4.4
Interprovincial migrants	2,805	1,380	1,425	2.7	2.7	2.7
External migrants	555	255	300	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	101,070	49,305	51,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	53,245	26,060	27,180	52.7	52.9	52.5
Movers	47,825	23,240	24,590	47.3	47.1	47.5
Non-migrants	15,425	7,510	7,910	15.3	15.2	15.3
Migrants	32,405	15,725	16,680	32.1	31.9	32.2
Internal migrants	29,685	14,370	15,315	29.4	29.1	29.6
Intraprovincial migrants	20,035	9,545	10,490	19.8	19.4	20.3
Interprovincial migrants	9,650	4,825	4,825	9.5	9.8	9.3
External migrants	2,720	1,355	1,360	2.7	2.7	2.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,050	43,655	46,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,565	6,940	5,620	14.0	15.9	12.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	77,485	36,710	40,770	86.0	84.1	87.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,440	26,070	28,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,445	2,725	1,720	8.2	10.5	6.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,990	23,340	26,645	91.8	89.5	93.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	90,045	43,655	46,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,440	5,615	4,825	11.6	12.9	10.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,895	12,985	13,910	29.9	29.7	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	52,720	25,050	27,665	58.5	57.4	59.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,725	15,625	16,100	35.2	35.8	34.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,570	6,510	2,065	9.5	14.9	4.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,045	1,600	1,445	3.4	3.7	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,525	4,900	615	6.1	11.2	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,020	7,885	12,130	22.2	18.1	26.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,140	1,235	1,905	3.5	2.8	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,990	9,430	11,560	23.3	21.6	24.9
Bachelor's degree	13,630	5,840	7,785	15.1	13.4	16.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,475	610	865	1.6	1.4	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	900	580	320	1.0	1.3	0.7
Master's degree	4,280	1,980	2,295	4.8	4.5	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	715	420	290	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	54,435	26,070	28,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,410	2,115	1,295	6.3	8.1	4.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,295	7,300	6,995	26.3	28.0	24.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,730	16,655	20,075	67.5	63.9	70.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,405	10,305	11,100	39.3	39.5	39.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,625	4,265	1,360	10.3	16.4	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,965	1,015	950	3.6	3.9	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,655	3,255	410	6.7	12.5	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,745	5,235	8,515	25.3	20.1	30.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,030	810	1,225	3.7	3.1	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,325	6,350	8,980	28.2	24.4	31.7
Bachelor's degree	10,030	3,990	6,040	18.4	15.3	21.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,030	395	630	1.9	1.5	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	660	400	260	1.2	1.5	0.9
Master's degree	3,140	1,315	1,825	5.8	5.0	6.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	465	245	220	0.9	0.9	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	90,050	43,655	46,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,330	18,600	18,730	41.5	42.6	40.4
Education	4,190	1,010	3,185	4.7	2.3	6.9
13. Education	4,190	1,010	3,185	4.7	2.3	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,720	700	1,025	1.9	1.6	2.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	190	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,455	510	945	1.6	1.2	2.0
Humanities	1,895	745	1,155	2.1	1.7	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	20	120	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	470	140	335	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	520	175	350	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	95	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	200	105	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,200	1,700	3,500	5.8	3.9	7.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	170	410	0.6	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	830	40	785	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	975	325	650	1.1	0.7	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,185	310	875	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,450	770	680	1.6	1.8	1.5
Business, management and public administration	11,120	4,415	6,700	12.3	10.1	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	750	125	625	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,350	4,295	6,055	11.5	9.8	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,960	985	970	2.2	2.3	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	890	395	500	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	485	195	290	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	500	365	145	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,345	925	425	1.5	2.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,055	780	275	1.2	1.8	0.6
25. Library science	100	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	165	105	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,065	10,265	805	12.3	23.5	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	310	230	85	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,605	1,370	235	1.8	3.1	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,540	2,270	275	2.8	5.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,915	2,840	75	3.2	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,500	2,400	105	2.8	5.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,190	1,155	30	1.3	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,450	810	640	1.6	1.9	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	915	450	470	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	540	365	175	0.6	0.8	0.4
Health and related fields	9,700	2,010	7,690	10.8	4.6	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	850	435	415	0.9	1.0	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,435	1,325	7,110	9.4	3.0	15.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	370	245	125	0.4	0.6	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,055	1,495	1,560	3.4	3.4	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,070	665	1,410	2.3	1.5	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	355	240	120	0.4	0.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	585	550	35	0.6	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	54,440	26,070	28,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,710	9,415	8,290	32.5	36.1	29.2
Education	2,490	480	2,010	4.6	1.8	7.1
13. Education	2,490	480	2,010	4.6	1.8	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,230	475	760	2.3	1.8	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	115	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,070	355	715	2.0	1.4	2.5
Humanities	1,340	515	820	2.5	2.0	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	15	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	350	100	250	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	370	125	245	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	135	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,870	1,060	2,805	7.1	4.1	9.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	510	140	370	0.9	0.5	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	555	30	525	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	745	160	580	1.4	0.6	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	880	170	710	1.6	0.7	2.5
45. Social sciences	1,065	505	560	2.0	1.9	2.0
Business, management and public administration	7,835	2,950	4,885	14.4	11.3	17.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	545	80	465	1.0	0.3	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,270	2,870	4,400	13.4	11.0	15.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,280	585	695	2.4	2.2	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	600	240	355	1.1	0.9	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	100	200	0.6	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	345	235	115	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,050	745	310	1.9	2.9	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	870	670	195	1.6	2.6	0.7
25. Library science	70	0	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,355	6,735	610	13.5	25.8	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	240	170	75	0.4	0.7	0.3
14. Engineering	1,130	935	195	2.1	3.6	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,620	1,430	190	3.0	5.5	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,065	2,005	65	3.8	7.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,540	1,465	70	2.8	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	755	735	20	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,055	570	485	1.9	2.2	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	650	310	350	1.2	1.2	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	400	260	140	0.7	1.0	0.5
Health and related fields	7,075	1,525	5,545	13.0	5.8	19.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	690	330	355	1.3	1.3	1.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,095	1,030	5,065	11.2	4.0	17.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	250	165	85	0.5	0.6	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,145	1,005	1,140	3.9	3.9	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,490	455	1,035	2.7	1.7	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	240	160	90	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	400	380	15	0.7	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	54,440	26,070	28,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,710	9,415	8,290	32.5	36.1	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,730	16,655	20,080	67.5	63.9	70.8
Location of study inside Canada	31,835	14,480	17,355	58.5	55.5	61.2
Same as province or territory of residence	20,670	9,165	11,505	38.0	35.2	40.6
Different than province or territory of residence	11,165	5,315	5,850	20.5	20.4	20.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,895	2,175	2,725	9.0	8.3	9.6
Americas	1,565	665	900	2.9	2.6	3.2
United States of America	1,280	555	725	2.4	2.1	2.6
Mexico	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Colombia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,650	790	860	3.0	3.0	3.0
Belgium	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
France	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	255	140	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
Netherlands	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	715	360	350	1.3	1.4	1.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	165	55	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
Africa	280	150	130	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	230	120	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	1,155	425	735	2.1	1.6	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	175	70	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japan	100	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	100	45	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	310	85	230	0.6	0.3	0.8
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	205	100	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	240	140	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australia	210	135	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
New Zealand	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	90,050	43,655	46,395	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,820	28,155	26,665	...	...	...
Employed	50,495	25,800	24,695	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,320	2,360	1,965	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,235	15,500	19,730	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.9	64.5	57.5	60.9	64.5	57.5
Employment rate	56.1	59.1	53.2	56.1	59.1	53.2
Unemployment rate	7.9	8.4	7.4	7.9	8.4	7.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	90,050	43,655	46,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,520	15,235	19,285	38.3	34.9	41.6
Worked	55,525	28,420	27,110	61.7	65.1	58.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	27,165	15,425	11,740	30.2	35.3	25.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,360	12,995	15,370	31.5	29.8	33.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	41.4	40.0	40.7	41.4	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,815	28,155	26,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	430	455	1.6	1.5	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,930	27,720	26,205	98.4	98.5	98.3
Employee	41,885	20,610	21,275	76.4	73.2	79.8
Permanent position	34,665	17,345	17,315	63.2	61.6	64.9
Temporary position	7,220	3,260	3,960	13.2	11.6	14.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,575	695	885	2.9	2.5	3.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,640	2,570	3,075	10.3	9.1	11.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,050	7,115	4,935	22.0	25.3	18.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,815	28,155	26,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	430	455	1.6	1.5	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,930	27,720	26,205	98.4	98.5	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	905	620	285	1.7	2.2	1.1
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,025	2,340	6,685	16.5	8.3	25.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,455	2,705	755	6.3	9.6	2.8
3 Health occupations	5,200	1,230	3,970	9.5	4.4	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,960	2,000	3,955	10.9	7.1	14.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,825	710	1,115	3.3	2.5	4.2
6 Sales and service occupations	14,220	6,530	7,695	25.9	23.2	28.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,770	8,915	855	17.8	31.7	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,005	1,475	530	3.7	5.2	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,560	1,190	370	2.8	4.2	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,815	28,155	26,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	890	430	455	1.6	1.5	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	53,930	27,720	26,205	98.4	98.5	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,265	810	455	2.3	2.9	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	655	605	50	1.2	2.1	0.2
22 Utilities	325	250	75	0.6	0.9	0.3
23 Construction	5,945	5,070	875	10.8	18.0	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	2,685	1,880	815	4.9	6.7	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,350	830	525	2.5	2.9	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	6,920	3,300	3,620	12.6	11.7	13.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,805	1,340	460	3.3	4.8	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	920	590	330	1.7	2.1	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,855	790	1,065	3.4	2.8	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,485	785	705	2.7	2.8	2.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,760	2,460	2,300	8.7	8.7	8.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,415	1,375	1,030	4.4	4.9	3.9
61 Educational services	3,840	1,165	2,680	7.0	4.1	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	7,735	1,695	6,035	14.1	6.0	22.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,370	620	745	2.5	2.2	2.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,585	1,680	1,910	6.5	6.0	7.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,470	1,165	1,300	4.5	4.1	4.9
91 Public administration	2,420	1,250	1,170	4.4	4.4	4.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,780	30,375	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,455	29,805	28,655	97.8	98.1	97.5
French	70	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	175	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	175	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	420	150	275	0.7	0.5	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	585	280	310	1.0	0.9	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,780	30,375	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,635	30,325	29,310	99.8	99.8	99.7
Official languages	59,380	30,190	29,190	99.3	99.4	99.3
English	59,235	30,140	29,095	99.1	99.2	99.0
French	140	55	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official languages	255	135	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	250	135	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	150	90	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	145	50	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and French	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,780	30,375	29,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	58,840	29,960	28,880	98.4	98.6	98.2
English	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
French	305	100	205	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official language	410	210	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	405	210	200	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,495	25,800	24,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	10,790	5,000	5,785	21.4	19.4	23.4
Worked outside Canada	85	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,075	6,030	2,045	16.0	23.4	8.3
Usual place of work	31,545	14,710	16,835	62.5	57.0	68.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,545	14,710	16,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,840	8,090	9,755	56.6	55.0	57.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,450	5,225	6,220	36.3	35.5	36.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,810	1,075	740	5.7	7.3	4.4
Commute to a different province or territory	445	320	125	1.4	2.2	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,620	20,745	18,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,835	18,415	16,420	87.9	88.8	87.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,700	17,465	15,235	82.5	84.2	80.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,135	950	1,185	5.4	4.6	6.3
Public transit	845	325	515	2.1	1.6	2.7
Walked	2,180	920	1,255	5.5	4.4	6.6
Bicycle	570	300	270	1.4	1.4	1.4
Other method	1,190	780	410	3.0	3.8	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,620	20,745	18,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,270	6,675	7,595	36.0	32.2	40.2
15 to 29 minutes	16,350	8,395	7,955	41.3	40.5	42.1
30 to 44 minutes	5,850	3,560	2,295	14.8	17.2	12.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,595	1,015	580	4.0	4.9	3.1
60 minutes and over	1,555	1,105	455	3.9	5.3	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,620	20,745	18,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,100	1,555	545	5.3	7.5	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,130	4,830	2,300	18.0	23.3	12.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,745	5,710	5,035	27.1	27.5	26.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,335	3,945	5,390	23.6	19.0	28.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,430	2,200	3,230	13.7	10.6	17.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,880	2,505	2,380	12.3	12.1	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,230	9,895	9,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,250	620	625	6.5	6.3	6.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,980	9,270	8,705	93.5	93.7	93.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,545	7,450	7,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	950	475	470	6.5	6.4	6.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	405	190	210	2.8	2.6	3.0
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	550	290	260	3.8	3.9	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,590	6,975	6,620	93.4	93.6	93.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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