Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Island--Powell RiverMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	125,775	61,965	63,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,120	8,855	8,270	13.6	14.3	13.0
0 to 4 years	4,685	2,390	2,295	3.7	3.9	3.6
5 to 9 years	6,035	3,130	2,900	4.8	5.1	4.5
10 to 14 years	6,405	3,335	3,070	5.1	5.4	4.8
15 to 64 years	72,925	35,725	37,200	58.0	57.7	58.3
15 to 19 years	6,045	3,160	2,880	4.8	5.1	4.5
20 to 24 years	4,910	2,615	2,290	3.9	4.2	3.6
25 to 29 years	5,480	2,750	2,725	4.4	4.4	4.3
30 to 34 years	6,335	3,105	3,225	5.0	5.0	5.1
35 to 39 years	7,025	3,440	3,585	5.6	5.6	5.6
40 to 44 years	7,070	3,430	3,640	5.6	5.5	5.7
45 to 49 years	6,915	3,370	3,545	5.5	5.4	5.6
50 to 54 years	7,625	3,655	3,970	6.1	5.9	6.2
55 to 59 years	9,950	4,690	5,265	7.9	7.6	8.3
60 to 64 years	11,575	5,505	6,070	9.2	8.9	9.5
65 years and over	35,730	17,385	18,345	28.4	28.1	28.7
65 to 69 years	11,490	5,510	5,980	9.1	8.9	9.4
70 to 74 years	9,965	5,075	4,890	7.9	8.2	7.7
75 to 79 years	6,640	3,305	3,330	5.3	5.3	5.2
80 to 84 years	3,950	1,930	2,020	3.1	3.1	3.2
85 years and over	3,685	1,565	2,125	2.9	2.5	3.3
85 to 89 years	2,285	1,040	1,250	1.8	1.7	2.0
90 to 94 years	1,060	425	635	0.8	0.7	1.0
95 to 99 years	295	90	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	45	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.6	14.3	13.0	13.6	14.3	13.0
15 to 64 years	58.0	57.7	58.3	58.0	57.7	58.3
65 years and over	28.4	28.1	28.7	28.4	28.1	28.7
85 years and over	2.9	2.5	3.3	2.9	2.5	3.3
Average age of the population	47.4	46.7	48.1	47.4	46.7	48.1
Median age of the population	51.2	50.4	52.0	51.2	50.4	52.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	55,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	38,935	...	...	70.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,850	...	...	5.1	...	...
Row house	2,780	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,570	...	...	2.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,395	...	...	11.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,885	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	55,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,700	...	...	30.1	...	...
2 persons	23,280	...	...	41.9	...	...
3 persons	6,975	...	...	12.6	...	...
4 persons	5,555	...	...	10.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,060	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	123,335	60,870	62,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	108,655	53,110	55,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	66,000	32,920	33,080	60.7	62.0	59.6
Married	51,900	25,910	25,990	47.8	48.8	46.8
Living common-law	14,100	7,010	7,090	13.0	13.2	12.8
Living common law - Never married	9,075	4,555	4,515	8.4	8.6	8.1
Living common law - Separated	745	375	365	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	3,715	1,855	1,860	3.4	3.5	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	570	225	345	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	42,655	20,190	22,465	39.3	38.0	40.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,120	13,495	10,625	22.2	25.4	19.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,060	1,400	1,660	2.8	2.6	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,560	3,580	4,985	7.9	6.7	9.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,915	1,710	5,200	6.4	3.2	9.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,005	...	...	64.0	...	...
3 persons	6,480	...	...	17.3	...	...
4 persons	5,050	...	...	13.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,985	...	...	5.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	32,190	...	...	85.8	...	...
Married couples	25,155	...	...	67.1	...	...
With children⁶	9,050	...	...	24.1	...	...
Without children	16,105	...	...	42.9	...	...
Common-law couples	7,030	...	...	18.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,500	...	...	6.7	...	...
Without children	4,535	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,325	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,955	...	...	10.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,370	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	123,335	60,870	62,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	98,220	48,880	49,340	79.6	80.3	79.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	64,380	32,105	32,270	52.2	52.7	51.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,325	1,370	3,955	4.3	2.3	6.3
Children⁶	28,520	15,400	13,115	23.1	25.3	21.0
In a two-parent family	20,535	11,005	9,530	16.6	18.1	15.3
In a one-parent family	7,985	4,400	3,580	6.5	7.2	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,110	11,995	13,120	20.4	19.7	21.0
Living alone	16,700	7,685	9,015	13.5	12.6	14.4
Living with other relatives⁷	2,660	1,195	1,465	2.2	2.0	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	5,755	3,110	2,645	4.7	5.1	4.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	55,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	33,190	...	...	59.7	...	...
Couple-family households	29,220	...	...	52.6	...	...
With children⁶	10,290	...	...	18.5	...	...
Without children	18,935	...	...	34.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,965	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,150	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	315	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,980	...	...	3.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,240	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	16,700	...	...	30.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	106,255	52,040	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,595	50,705	52,890	97.5	97.4	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,000	34,000	39,200	46,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	103,700	50,765	52,930	97.6	97.5	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	41,600	31,600	36,000	41,600	31,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,055	45,855	46,200	86.6	88.1	85.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	38,000	24,400	30,600	38,000	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,360	33,155	32,205	61.5	63.7	59.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,400	27,000	32,400	40,400	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,310	42,140	47,165	84.1	81.0	87.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	13,500	12,800	13,100	13,500	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,135	5,165	4,975	9.5	9.9	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,770	11,125	12,645	22.4	21.4	23.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	106,155	52,035	54,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,345	50,710	52,635	97.4	97.5	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,040	56,900	41,440	49,040	56,900	41,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	103,525	50,815	52,715	97.5	97.7	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,320	48,240	36,640	42,320	48,240	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,000	45,940	46,055	86.7	88.3	85.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,720	51,300	34,200	42,720	51,300	34,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,325	33,270	32,060	61.5	63.9	59.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	51,700	35,000	43,520	51,700	35,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	88,780	41,985	46,795	83.6	80.7	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,630	12,960	12,800	12,630	12,960
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,130	5,175	4,955	9.5	9.9	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,730	6,560	6,910	6,730	6,560	6,910
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,185	11,115	12,070	21.8	21.4	22.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,840	8,480	9,170	8,840	8,480	9,170
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	106,155	52,035	54,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,540	14,085	11,450	24.1	27.1	21.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	67,500	52,400	59,600	67,500	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,800	75,800	57,900	67,800	75,800	57,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	29,670	14,045	15,630	27.9	27.0	28.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,800	17,000	20,000	24,800	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,520	39,080	24,740	31,520	39,080	24,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.6	81.6	72.2	77.6	81.6	72.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.1	59.6	51.4	56.1	59.6	51.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.4	18.4	27.8	22.4	18.4	27.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.2	6.7	5.3	4.2	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.3	5.1	4.0	3.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	106,255	52,040	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,655	1,335	1,320	2.5	2.6	2.4
With total income	103,595	50,705	52,890	97.5	97.4	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,250	3,290	4,960	8.0	6.5	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,970	4,965	7,995	12.5	9.8	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	17,075	7,035	10,035	16.5	13.9	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,835	6,615	8,220	14.3	13.0	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	12,410	5,825	6,585	12.0	11.5	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	9,645	4,850	4,795	9.3	9.6	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,210	4,075	3,140	7.0	8.0	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	5,510	3,320	2,195	5.3	6.5	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,975	2,495	1,480	3.8	4.9	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,060	1,945	1,110	3.0	3.8	2.1
$100,000 and over	8,665	6,290	2,380	8.4	12.4	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	6,180	4,365	1,815	6.0	8.6	3.4
$150,000 and over	2,480	1,920	560	2.4	3.8	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	106,255	52,040	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,555	1,275	1,280	2.4	2.5	2.4
With after-tax income	103,700	50,765	52,930	97.6	97.5	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,815	3,490	5,325	8.5	6.9	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	13,425	5,120	8,310	12.9	10.1	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	19,180	7,965	11,210	18.5	15.7	21.2
$30,000 to $39,999	16,725	7,610	9,115	16.1	15.0	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	13,805	6,785	7,025	13.3	13.4	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,850	5,365	4,480	9.5	10.6	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	7,100	4,340	2,760	6.9	8.6	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	4,775	3,015	1,760	4.6	5.9	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	3,400	2,210	1,190	3.3	4.4	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075	1,440	630	2.0	2.8	1.2
$100,000 and over	4,550	3,425	1,135	4.4	6.7	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,525	1,865	660	2.4	3.7	1.2
$125,000 and over	2,035	1,560	475	2.0	3.1	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	106,255	52,040	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	40,890	18,885	22,010	38.5	36.3	40.6
With employment income	65,360	33,155	32,205	61.5	63.7	59.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,990	5,150	5,840	16.8	15.5	18.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,395	2,285	3,110	8.3	6.9	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,910	3,400	4,505	12.1	10.3	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	6,825	2,980	3,845	10.4	9.0	11.9
$30,000 to $39,999	6,170	2,635	3,535	9.4	8.0	11.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,505	2,470	3,035	8.4	7.4	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	4,880	2,440	2,440	7.5	7.4	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,940	2,315	1,625	6.0	7.0	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,235	2,040	1,200	4.9	6.1	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,540	1,625	915	3.9	4.9	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	1,415	760	3.3	4.3	2.4
$100,000 and over	5,805	4,405	1,400	8.9	13.3	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,980	2,125	855	4.6	6.4	2.7
$125,000 and over	2,830	2,280	545	4.3	6.9	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	106,255	52,040	54,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,575	49,655	51,920	95.6	95.4	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	45,200	30,600	36,800	45,200	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	101,850	49,690	52,160	95.9	95.5	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,400	28,200	33,600	40,400	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,845	45,605	46,240	86.4	87.6	85.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	40,000	25,400	31,600	40,000	25,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,240	36,395	34,840	67.0	69.9	64.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,200	37,200	25,400	30,200	37,200	25,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,290	34,010	41,280	70.9	65.4	76.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,700	12,400	9,800	10,700	12,400	9,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,855	4,660	4,195	8.3	9.0	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	5,520	5,120	5,280	5,520	5,120
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	106,155	52,035	54,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,285	49,565	51,720	95.4	95.3	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	56,100	39,160	47,440	56,100	39,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,560	49,605	51,955	95.7	95.3	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,360	47,040	33,960	40,360	47,040	33,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,800	45,530	46,275	86.5	87.5	85.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	52,800	34,560	43,600	52,800	34,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,195	36,310	34,885	67.1	69.8	64.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,240	48,880	33,280	41,240	48,880	33,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	74,725	33,750	40,980	70.4	64.9	75.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,720	11,160	10,370	10,720	11,160	10,370
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,740	4,535	4,205	8.2	8.7	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,790	6,800	6,770	6,790	6,800	6,770
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	106,155	52,035	54,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,425	14,035	11,395	24.0	27.0	21.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	63,600	48,800	55,600	63,600	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,750	72,200	53,400	63,750	72,200	53,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,420	13,405	15,015	26.8	25.8	27.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	32,000	21,200	25,200	32,000	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,400	45,080	28,600	36,400	45,080	28,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.4	86.4	79.0	83.4	86.4	79.0
Employment income (%)	61.1	63.8	57.3	61.1	63.8	57.3
Government transfers (%)	16.7	13.6	21.0	16.7	13.6	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	55,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,865	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	55,530	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,300	...	...	91,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,900	...	...	78,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,680	...	...	46,680	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,880	...	...	40,880	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...	110,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	55,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	495	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	470	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,270	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,645	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,960	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,110	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,450	...	...	4.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,435	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,410	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,730	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,370	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,045	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,660	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,305	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,930	...	...	34.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,400	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,435	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,750	...	...	8.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,345	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	55,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	575	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	490	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,310	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,765	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,245	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,400	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,805	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,720	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,720	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,350	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,070	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,410	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,040	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,470	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,895	...	...	26.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,250	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,800	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,845	...	...	8.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	37,125	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,455	10,795	11,660	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	38,400	35,200	36,400	38,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	35,200	32,800	34,000	35,200	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	37,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,600	...	...	109,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	140,000	...	...	140,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,300	...	...	119,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,600	...	...	66,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,360	10,680	11,675	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,520	48,040	41,320	44,520	48,040	41,320
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,200	41,600	36,960	39,200	41,600	36,960
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	123,335	60,870	62,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,795	10,780	10,010	16.9	17.7	16.0
0 to 5 years	5,855	3,000	2,860	4.7	4.9	4.6
18 to 64 years	68,485	33,305	35,175	55.5	54.7	56.3
65 years and over	34,060	16,790	17,270	27.6	27.6	27.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,945	6,500	7,445	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,710	1,405	1,305	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	800	415	390	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,905	3,290	3,605	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,335	1,805	2,535	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.7	11.9	11.3	10.7	11.9
0 to 17 years (%)	13.0	13.0	13.1	13.0	13.0	13.1
0 to 5 years (%)	13.7	13.8	13.7	13.7	13.8	13.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.1	9.9	10.3	10.1	9.9	10.3
65 years and over (%)	12.7	10.8	14.7	12.7	10.8	14.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	118,970	58,665	60,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,740	10,235	9,505	16.6	17.4	15.8
0 to 5 years	5,545	2,830	2,710	4.7	4.8	4.5
18 to 64 years	65,845	31,980	33,860	55.3	54.5	56.2
65 years and over	33,385	16,445	16,930	28.1	28.0	28.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,735	1,880	1,855	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	750	390	360	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	155	85	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,535	1,300	1,240	...	...	...
65 years and over	455	195	260	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8	3.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.8	3.1	2.4	2.8	3.1	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.1	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.2	1.5	1.4	1.2	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	123,335	60,875	62,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	65,770	31,650	34,120	53.3	52.0	54.6
In bottom decile	12,865	6,135	6,730	10.4	10.1	10.8
In second decile	13,065	6,115	6,955	10.6	10.0	11.1
In third decile	13,160	6,295	6,865	10.7	10.3	11.0
In fourth decile	13,425	6,640	6,785	10.9	10.9	10.9
In fifth decile	13,255	6,465	6,790	10.7	10.6	10.9
In top half of the distribution	57,565	29,225	28,340	46.7	48.0	45.4
In sixth decile	12,635	6,285	6,350	10.2	10.3	10.2
In seventh decile	12,600	6,390	6,210	10.2	10.5	9.9
In eighth decile	11,900	6,045	5,855	9.6	9.9	9.4
In ninth decile	11,195	5,755	5,435	9.1	9.5	8.7
In top decile	9,235	4,755	4,485	7.5	7.8	7.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	123,335	...	...	123,335	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.438	...	...	0.438	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.275	...	...	0.275	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	124,750	61,575	63,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	114,620	56,945	57,670	91.9	92.5	91.3
French only	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	9,795	4,490	5,310	7.9	7.3	8.4
Neither English nor French	290	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	124,750	61,575	63,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	122,060	60,275	61,780	97.8	97.9	97.8
French	2,285	1,120	1,165	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	255	100	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	124,750	61,575	63,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,010	60,760	62,250	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	114,870	57,090	57,785	92.1	92.7	91.5
English	112,450	55,915	56,540	90.1	90.8	89.5
French	2,415	1,175	1,240	1.9	1.9	2.0
Non-official languages	8,140	3,675	4,470	6.5	6.0	7.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	400	215	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	335	190	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	210	130	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,740	3,455	4,285	6.2	5.6	6.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	135	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	280	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	615	205	405	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	485	165	320	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,090	2,355	2,735	4.1	3.8	4.3
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	815	360	455	0.7	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	795	350	450	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,580	1,185	1,400	2.1	1.9	2.2
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,525	690	835	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	1,415	645	765	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	770	360	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	590	265	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	280	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	580	305	275	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	530	280	255	0.4	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	310	155	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,040	460	580	0.8	0.7	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	405	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	455	190	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	190	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	270	110	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	625	260	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese languages	620	265	355	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	300	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	250	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,740	810	925	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	550	265	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,035	485	555	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	124,750	61,575	63,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	116,280	57,660	58,625	93.2	93.6	92.8
French	490	230	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,140	550	590	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,130	545	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	1,515	715	795	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,970	2,250	2,725	4.0	3.7	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	124,750	61,575	63,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	123,795	61,140	62,655	99.2	99.3	99.2
Official languages	121,455	60,020	61,440	97.4	97.5	97.3
English	120,705	59,660	61,040	96.8	96.9	96.6
French	755	360	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	2,335	1,120	1,220	1.9	1.8	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,315	1,110	1,205	1.9	1.8	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	230	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	195	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,125	545	575	0.9	0.9	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	290	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	155	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	335	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	280	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	305	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	305	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	165	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	950	430	515	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	710	320	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	124,750	61,575	63,175	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	118,755	58,820	59,940	95.2	95.5	94.9
English	1,190	575	615	1.0	0.9	1.0
French	1,070	510	565	0.9	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	3,140	1,400	1,735	2.5	2.3	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,900	1,290	1,605	2.3	2.1	2.5
English and French	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	250	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	123,280	60,860	62,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	122,935	60,715	62,220	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	122,910	60,715	62,195	99.7	99.8	99.6
French	9,715	4,520	5,195	7.9	7.4	8.3
Non-official languages	12,695	5,705	6,985	10.3	9.4	11.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,005	450	555	0.8	0.7	0.9
Algonquian languages	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	700	315	385	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	650	285	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	75	30	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,725	5,275	6,450	9.5	8.7	10.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	185	90	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	185	90	90	0.2	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	355	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,005	385	620	0.8	0.6	1.0
Bikol	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	100	30	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	880	335	545	0.7	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,165	3,765	4,400	6.6	6.2	7.0
Albanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	905	430	480	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	880	405	475	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	250	95	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,290	1,475	1,815	2.7	2.4	2.9
Frisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,165	960	1,205	1.8	1.6	1.9
German	2,105	930	1,175	1.7	1.5	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	895	415	485	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	245	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	610	265	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	350	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	150	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	840	430	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	790	405	385	0.6	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	465	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	465	230	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,300	1,525	1,770	2.7	2.5	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	665	315	350	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	310	145	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,485	1,130	1,355	2.0	1.9	2.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	385	160	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	390	165	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	250	80	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	220	75	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	605	275	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	590	270	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	305	120	185	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	310	150	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	150	85	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	160	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,280	60,865	62,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	14,245	7,075	7,170	11.6	11.6	11.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	13,725	6,810	6,910	11.1	11.2	11.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,935	4,960	4,975	8.1	8.1	8.0
Métis	3,710	1,830	1,880	3.0	3.0	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	220	135	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	300	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	109,035	53,790	55,245	88.4	88.4	88.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	123,280	60,865	62,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	7,910	3,960	3,955	6.4	6.5	6.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,365	56,905	58,465	93.6	93.5	93.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	55,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	42,655	...	...	76.8	...	...
Renter	12,325	...	...	22.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	550	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	55,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,700	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not condominium	49,830	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	55,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	400	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	4,980	...	...	9.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,825	...	...	26.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	22,255	...	...	40.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,065	...	...	23.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	55,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	12,855	...	...	23.2	...	...
5 rooms	9,715	...	...	17.5	...	...
6 rooms	9,345	...	...	16.8	...	...
7 rooms	7,580	...	...	13.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,035	...	...	28.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	55,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,990	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	535	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	55,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,975	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,550	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	55,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,745	...	...	12.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,790	...	...	32.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	8,565	...	...	15.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,025	...	...	18.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,680	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,865	...	...	7.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,510	...	...	4.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,355	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	55,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	51,660	...	...	93.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,865	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	55,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,335	...	...	49.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,965	...	...	46.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,225	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	55,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,035	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,985	...	...	9.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,425	...	...	13.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,210	...	...	14.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,115	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,885	...	...	23.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,940	...	...	12.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,935	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	53,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,600	...	...	81.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,885	...	...	18.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,075	...	...	17.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	55,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,140	...	...	25.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	8,930	...	...	16.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,225	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,835	...	...	5.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	120	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	825	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	41,390	...	...	74.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	52,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,265	...	...	10.0	...	...
Not in core need	47,400	...	...	90.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,425	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.5	...	...	50.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	840	...	...	840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	595,500	...	...	595,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,175	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.4	...	...	35.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.0	...	...	23.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,040	...	...	1,040	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,142	...	...	1,142	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	545	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	13.8	...	...	13.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	424	...	...	424	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	448	...	...	448	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	123,280	60,860	62,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	6,485	3,305	3,175	5.3	5.4	5.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,395	3,250	3,145	5.2	5.3	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,720	2,925	2,795	4.6	4.8	4.5
Métis single ancestry	635	320	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	8,760	4,265	4,490	7.1	7.0	7.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	8,580	4,170	4,410	7.0	6.9	7.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,230	2,985	3,245	5.1	4.9	5.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,250	1,150	1,100	1.8	1.9	1.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	30	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	180	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,035	53,285	54,750	87.6	87.6	87.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	123,280	60,865	62,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	119,425	59,150	60,270	96.9	97.2	96.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,570	10,705	9,865	16.7	17.6	15.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	98,860	48,450	50,405	80.2	79.6	80.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,855	1,710	2,140	3.1	2.8	3.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	123,280	60,865	62,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	108,190	53,970	54,225	87.8	88.7	86.9
Immigrants⁸¹	14,280	6,535	7,745	11.6	10.7	12.4
Before 1980	7,395	3,455	3,940	6.0	5.7	6.3
1980 to 1990	1,625	700	925	1.3	1.2	1.5
1991 to 2000	1,425	580	840	1.2	1.0	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,660	735	925	1.3	1.2	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,175	1,070	1,105	1.8	1.8	1.8
2011 to 2015	990	480	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,190	590	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	805	360	450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	14,280	6,540	7,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,940	965	975	13.6	14.8	12.6
5 to 14 years	2,620	1,290	1,335	18.3	19.7	17.2
15 to 24 years	3,120	1,260	1,860	21.8	19.3	24.0
25 to 44 years	5,530	2,555	2,975	38.7	39.1	38.4
45 years and over	1,065	470	595	7.5	7.2	7.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	14,280	6,540	7,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,525	1,075	1,450	17.7	16.4	18.7
Brazil	65	25	40	0.5	0.4	0.5
Colombia	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
El Salvador	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mexico	115	25	85	0.8	0.4	1.1
Peru	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
United States of America	1,925	840	1,090	13.5	12.8	14.1
Other places of birth in Americas	275	125	150	1.9	1.9	1.9
Europe	8,115	3,920	4,190	56.8	59.9	54.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Croatia	55	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
France	230	95	135	1.6	1.5	1.7
Germany	980	410	565	6.9	6.3	7.3
Greece	20	20	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Hungary	95	45	50	0.7	0.7	0.6
Italy	300	175	125	2.1	2.7	1.6
Netherlands	505	225	275	3.5	3.4	3.6
Poland	170	85	85	1.2	1.3	1.1
Portugal	80	50	35	0.6	0.8	0.5
Romania	75	55	20	0.5	0.8	0.3
Russian Federation	60	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,335	2,090	2,245	30.4	32.0	29.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,105	580	525	7.7	8.9	6.8
Africa	600	290	310	4.2	4.4	4.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	350	150	195	2.5	2.3	2.5
Other places of birth in Africa	180	95	85	1.3	1.5	1.1
Asia	2,605	1,060	1,545	18.2	16.2	19.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Turkey	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	210	100	110	1.5	1.5	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	95	30	65	0.7	0.5	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	260	110	145	1.8	1.7	1.9
Taiwan	45	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Philippines	895	315	580	6.3	4.8	7.5
Viet Nam	290	125	165	2.0	1.9	2.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	315	155	165	2.2	2.4	2.1
Pakistan	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sri Lanka	20	20	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	370	120	250	2.6	1.8	3.2
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	435	190	240	3.0	2.9	3.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,185	590	595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	260	135	125	21.9	22.9	21.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	10	1.3	1.7	1.7
United States of America	135	80	55	11.4	13.6	9.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	70	30	40	5.9	5.1	6.7
Europe	270	155	120	22.8	26.3	20.2
France	30	15	10	2.5	2.5	1.7
Germany	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	10	10	1.3	1.7	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	75	45	9.7	12.7	7.6
Other places of birth in Europe	90	35	50	7.6	5.9	8.4
Africa	125	65	65	10.5	11.0	10.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	10	1.3	1.7	1.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	60	25	30	5.1	4.2	5.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	20	15	3.0	3.4	2.5
Asia	475	215	255	40.1	36.4	42.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	45	25	5.5	7.6	4.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	65	35	35	5.5	5.9	5.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	0	20	2.1	0.0	3.4
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	30	30	4.6	5.1	5.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	160	75	90	13.5	12.7	15.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	0	15	1.7	0.0	2.5
Other places of birth in Asia	30	10	20	2.5	1.7	3.4
Oceania and other⁹³	60	25	35	5.1	4.2	5.9
Australia	45	25	20	3.8	4.2	3.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	15	1.3	0.0	2.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	123,275	60,865	62,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	16,650	7,685	8,960	13.5	12.6	14.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	21,705	10,725	10,975	17.6	17.6	17.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	84,930	42,450	42,480	68.9	69.7	68.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	6,885	3,080	3,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,695	1,785	1,910	53.7	58.0	50.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,700	965	735	24.7	31.3	19.3
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,995	820	1,175	29.0	26.6	30.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,650	1,010	1,635	38.5	32.8	43.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	490	270	215	7.1	8.8	5.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	15	40	0.7	0.5	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	6,885	3,080	3,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	65	40	30	0.9	1.3	0.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,700	785	910	24.7	25.5	23.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	255	95	165	3.7	3.1	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	330	125	200	4.8	4.1	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	120	25	90	1.7	0.8	2.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,415	2,005	2,410	64.1	65.1	63.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	123,280	60,860	62,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,300	2,855	3,435	5.1	4.7	5.5
South Asian	1,120	555	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese	990	480	510	0.8	0.8	0.8
Black	605	325	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Filipino	1,195	475	720	1.0	0.8	1.2
Arab	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latin American	415	175	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	620	235	375	0.5	0.4	0.6
West Asian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	470	205	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	215	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	116,985	58,005	58,980	94.9	95.3	94.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	123,280	60,865	62,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,605	8,055	7,550	12.7	13.2	12.1
English	40,200	19,425	20,765	32.6	31.9	33.3
Irish	23,530	11,035	12,495	19.1	18.1	20.0
Scottish	31,150	14,915	16,235	25.3	24.5	26.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,955	5,615	6,330	9.7	9.2	10.1
German	16,705	8,065	8,635	13.6	13.3	13.8
Chinese	1,165	560	610	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italian	4,210	2,215	1,990	3.4	3.6	3.2
Indian (India)	695	330	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Ukrainian	6,410	2,955	3,450	5.2	4.9	5.5
Dutch	5,940	2,925	3,015	4.8	4.8	4.8
Polish	3,670	1,675	1,995	3.0	2.8	3.2
Québécois	275	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,980	3,475	3,500	5.7	5.7	5.6
Filipino	1,150	475	675	0.9	0.8	1.1
French Canadian	1,470	675	795	1.2	1.1	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,600	1,335	1,265	2.1	2.2	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,435	3,255	3,180	5.2	5.3	5.1
Métis	3,145	1,615	1,530	2.6	2.7	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,580	1,840	1,735	2.9	3.0	2.8
Russian	2,415	1,140	1,280	2.0	1.9	2.1
Norwegian	5,435	2,605	2,825	4.4	4.3	4.5
Welsh	4,240	2,055	2,185	3.4	3.4	3.5
Portuguese	580	300	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	2,250	1,150	1,100	1.8	1.9	1.8
Spanish	770	350	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	4,490	2,055	2,440	3.6	3.4	3.9
Hungarian	1,395	625	770	1.1	1.0	1.2
Acadian	355	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	520	235	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
Punjabi	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	395	180	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Greek	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	795	405	395	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korean	385	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	550	270	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanese	155	90	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	190	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	2,285	1,125	1,160	1.9	1.8	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,175	550	625	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sikh	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,200	600	595	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belgian	685	300	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	380	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	410	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	1,085	525	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	1,785	875	910	1.4	1.4	1.5
Sri Lankan	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	280	115	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	530	215	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,110	525	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	95	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,055	525	530	0.9	0.9	0.8
Colombian	60	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	480	245	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	85	30	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	330	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	270	150	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	310	150	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australian	485	215	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	30	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	180	95	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	240	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	190	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	135	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	200	125	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	720	400	315	0.6	0.7	0.5
Ecuadorian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	115	30	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	230	125	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	123,280	60,865	62,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	555	215	340	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	40,765	18,275	22,485	33.1	30.0	36.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,050	4,260	4,790	7.3	7.0	7.7
Anabaptist	265	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	5,570	2,500	3,075	4.5	4.1	4.9
Baptist	1,670	725	945	1.4	1.2	1.5
Catholic	11,935	5,555	6,385	9.7	9.1	10.2
Christian Orthodox	295	130	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	890	370	520	0.7	0.6	0.8
Latter Day Saints	325	135	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	1,280	525	750	1.0	0.9	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	155	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,280	625	660	1.0	1.0	1.1
Presbyterian	750	340	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
Reformed	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	4,710	1,755	2,955	3.8	2.9	4.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,500	1,120	1,380	2.0	1.8	2.2
Hindu	345	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	205	80	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sikh	385	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	435	210	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,620	590	1,030	1.3	1.0	1.7
No religion and secular perspectives	78,735	41,050	37,685	63.9	67.4	60.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	122,385	60,410	61,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	107,230	53,060	54,170	87.6	87.8	87.4
Movers	15,160	7,355	7,805	12.4	12.2	12.6
Non-migrants	7,310	3,545	3,765	6.0	5.9	6.1
Migrants	7,850	3,810	4,040	6.4	6.3	6.5
Internal migrants	7,345	3,570	3,775	6.0	5.9	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	5,665	2,750	2,915	4.6	4.6	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,680	820	860	1.4	1.4	1.4
External migrants	505	240	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	118,510	58,405	60,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,025	34,270	34,760	58.2	58.7	57.8
Movers	49,480	24,135	25,345	41.8	41.3	42.2
Non-migrants	15,530	7,510	8,025	13.1	12.9	13.4
Migrants	33,950	16,625	17,325	28.6	28.5	28.8
Internal migrants	32,005	15,705	16,300	27.0	26.9	27.1
Intraprovincial migrants	25,135	12,300	12,835	21.2	21.1	21.4
Interprovincial migrants	6,875	3,410	3,465	5.8	5.8	5.8
External migrants	1,945	920	1,025	1.6	1.6	1.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,155	52,035	54,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,415	11,055	8,355	18.3	21.2	15.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,740	40,975	45,770	81.7	78.7	84.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,250	29,480	31,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,930	4,680	3,250	12.9	15.9	10.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	53,325	24,800	28,525	87.1	84.1	89.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	106,155	52,030	54,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,275	9,015	7,260	15.3	17.3	13.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,685	16,030	17,660	31.7	30.8	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,190	26,990	29,205	52.9	51.9	54.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,165	18,775	18,395	35.0	36.1	34.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,950	9,170	2,780	11.3	17.6	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,835	2,895	1,935	4.6	5.6	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,120	6,275	845	6.7	12.1	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,855	8,495	13,360	20.6	16.3	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,360	1,110	2,245	3.2	2.1	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,025	8,210	10,810	17.9	15.8	20.0
Bachelor's degree	11,880	5,000	6,885	11.2	9.6	12.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,630	675	955	1.5	1.3	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	645	385	260	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	4,295	1,835	2,460	4.0	3.5	4.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	575	325	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,250	29,480	31,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,260	3,630	2,630	10.2	12.3	8.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,580	9,205	9,375	30.3	31.2	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,405	16,640	19,765	59.4	56.4	62.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	23,865	11,700	12,160	39.0	39.7	38.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,400	5,625	1,770	12.1	19.1	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,080	1,815	1,265	5.0	6.2	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,315	3,810	505	7.0	12.9	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,330	5,375	8,960	23.4	18.2	28.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,135	700	1,435	3.5	2.4	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,545	4,940	7,605	20.5	16.8	23.9
Bachelor's degree	8,035	3,190	4,840	13.1	10.8	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	940	330	610	1.5	1.1	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	240	240	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	2,800	1,045	1,760	4.6	3.5	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	290	130	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	106,155	52,030	54,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,965	25,045	24,920	47.1	48.1	46.0
Education	4,800	1,280	3,530	4.5	2.5	6.5
13. Education	4,800	1,280	3,530	4.5	2.5	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,895	805	1,085	1.8	1.5	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	210	150	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,685	660	1,025	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	2,340	950	1,385	2.2	1.8	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	245	65	180	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	655	200	450	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	600	235	365	0.6	0.5	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	90	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	300	185	120	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	220	130	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,185	1,635	3,555	4.9	3.1	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	165	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,220	85	1,130	1.1	0.2	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	710	195	515	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	930	250	675	0.9	0.5	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,715	855	860	1.6	1.6	1.6
Business, management and public administration	9,015	2,870	6,145	8.5	5.5	11.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,020	225	795	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,990	2,640	5,340	7.5	5.1	9.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,885	1,020	865	1.8	2.0	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	830	375	450	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	335	185	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	560	410	150	0.5	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,080	595	485	1.0	1.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	800	480	325	0.8	0.9	0.6
25. Library science	130	10	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	100	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,650	11,820	830	11.9	22.7	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	210	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,255	1,135	125	1.2	2.2	0.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,330	2,055	280	2.2	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,610	3,500	115	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,740	3,605	135	3.5	6.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,500	1,405	100	1.4	2.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,565	1,650	915	2.4	3.2	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,045	475	570	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,520	1,175	340	1.4	2.3	0.6
Health and related fields	10,150	1,655	8,495	9.6	3.2	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	550	215	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,385	1,320	8,070	8.8	2.5	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	185	120	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,600	2,690	1,915	4.3	5.2	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,360	785	1,575	2.2	1.5	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	110	90	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	550	410	140	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,565	1,385	175	1.5	2.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,255	29,480	31,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,840	12,835	12,005	40.6	43.5	37.8
Education	2,370	535	1,840	3.9	1.8	5.8
13. Education	2,370	535	1,840	3.9	1.8	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,285	535	750	2.1	1.8	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	95	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,165	440	725	1.9	1.5	2.3
Humanities	1,365	525	840	2.2	1.8	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	45	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	360	95	265	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	125	230	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	110	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	115	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,590	960	2,630	5.9	3.3	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	115	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	920	65	860	1.5	0.2	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	495	90	400	0.8	0.3	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	100	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	585	110	480	1.0	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,160	535	620	1.9	1.8	2.0
Business, management and public administration	6,020	1,890	4,130	9.8	6.4	13.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	135	580	1.2	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,295	1,755	3,545	8.6	6.0	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,210	600	610	2.0	2.0	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	560	240	325	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	125	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	325	205	120	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	695	385	310	1.1	1.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	585	350	235	1.0	1.2	0.7
25. Library science	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,720	7,080	645	12.6	24.0	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	800	695	110	1.3	2.4	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,370	1,175	190	2.2	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,220	2,135	90	3.6	7.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,280	2,180	100	3.7	7.4	0.3
48. Precision production	905	815	90	1.5	2.8	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,850	1,125	720	3.0	3.8	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	730	315	420	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,120	815	305	1.8	2.8	1.0
Health and related fields	7,095	1,205	5,880	11.6	4.1	18.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	410	155	255	0.7	0.5	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,515	960	5,560	10.6	3.3	17.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	160	100	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,190	1,795	1,395	5.2	6.1	4.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,695	555	1,145	2.8	1.9	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	410	295	115	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,050	905	140	1.7	3.1	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,255	29,480	31,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,840	12,835	12,005	40.6	43.5	37.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,405	16,640	19,765	59.4	56.4	62.2
Location of study inside Canada	32,755	14,970	17,780	53.5	50.8	56.0
Same as province or territory of residence	24,220	10,830	13,390	39.5	36.7	42.1
Different than province or territory of residence	8,535	4,140	4,395	13.9	14.0	13.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,655	1,670	1,985	6.0	5.7	6.2
Americas	1,095	505	585	1.8	1.7	1.8
United States of America	950	450	505	1.6	1.5	1.6
Mexico	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,255	605	650	2.0	2.1	2.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	55	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germany	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	655	325	330	1.1	1.1	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	160	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	175	100	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	895	340	555	1.5	1.2	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	375	145	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
Viet Nam	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	160	80	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	240	120	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Australia	160	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	106,155	52,035	54,120	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,405	29,360	28,045	...	...	...
Employed	52,405	26,575	25,835	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,995	2,780	2,210	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	48,755	22,675	26,075	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.1	56.4	51.8	54.1	56.4	51.8
Employment rate	49.4	51.1	47.7	49.4	51.1	47.7
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.5	7.9	8.7	9.5	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	106,155	52,030	54,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,670	22,095	25,575	44.9	42.5	47.3
Worked	58,490	29,940	28,550	55.1	57.5	52.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,600	14,705	11,895	25.1	28.3	22.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,885	15,235	16,655	30.0	29.3	30.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.8	39.9	39.8	39.8	39.9	39.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,400	29,355	28,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,150	645	510	2.0	2.2	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,250	28,715	27,540	98.0	97.8	98.2
Employee	45,505	22,450	23,050	79.3	76.5	82.2
Permanent position	37,710	18,865	18,845	65.7	64.3	67.2
Temporary position	7,790	3,580	4,210	13.6	12.2	15.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,975	930	1,045	3.4	3.2	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,815	2,650	3,165	10.1	9.0	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,750	6,265	4,485	18.7	21.3	16.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,400	29,355	28,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,150	645	510	2.0	2.2	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,250	28,715	27,540	98.0	97.8	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	480	290	185	0.8	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,550	1,790	5,760	13.2	6.1	20.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,260	2,500	755	5.7	8.5	2.7
3 Health occupations	5,260	1,055	4,205	9.2	3.6	15.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,950	2,200	4,745	12.1	7.5	16.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,765	665	1,100	3.1	2.3	3.9
6 Sales and service occupations	14,340	5,800	8,540	25.0	19.8	30.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,480	10,350	1,130	20.0	35.3	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,480	2,730	750	6.1	9.3	2.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,690	1,330	360	2.9	4.5	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,400	29,355	28,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,150	645	510	2.0	2.2	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	56,250	28,715	27,540	98.0	97.8	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,390	3,280	1,110	7.6	11.2	4.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,095	995	105	1.9	3.4	0.4
22 Utilities	325	290	35	0.6	1.0	0.1
23 Construction	5,310	4,550	750	9.3	15.5	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,220	1,585	635	3.9	5.4	2.3
41 Wholesale trade	855	655	195	1.5	2.2	0.7
44-45 Retail trade	7,320	3,420	3,900	12.8	11.7	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,570	1,805	770	4.5	6.1	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	630	345	280	1.1	1.2	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,165	425	740	2.0	1.4	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	975	440	535	1.7	1.5	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,295	1,605	1,690	5.7	5.5	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,285	1,350	930	4.0	4.6	3.3
61 Educational services	3,650	945	2,705	6.4	3.2	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	8,695	1,610	7,085	15.1	5.5	25.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,330	580	755	2.3	2.0	2.7
72 Accommodation and food services	3,895	1,505	2,390	6.8	5.1	8.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,405	1,190	1,220	4.2	4.1	4.4
91 Public administration	3,790	2,110	1,675	6.6	7.2	6.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	63,445	32,440	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	61,950	31,790	30,155	97.6	98.0	97.3
French	140	45	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	700	360	340	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	545	185	360	0.9	0.6	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	63,445	32,440	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,285	32,350	30,935	99.7	99.7	99.8
Official languages	63,100	32,255	30,845	99.5	99.4	99.5
English	62,870	32,200	30,670	99.1	99.3	98.9
French	230	60	180	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	180	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	165	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	160	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	63,445	32,440	31,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	62,315	31,945	30,365	98.2	98.5	97.9
English	180	60	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	530	305	230	0.8	0.9	0.7
Non-official language	390	120	265	0.6	0.4	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	285	95	190	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	52,410	26,575	25,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,655	3,355	4,300	14.6	12.6	16.6
Worked outside Canada	95	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,740	7,425	2,315	18.6	27.9	9.0
Usual place of work	34,915	15,725	19,185	66.6	59.2	74.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,915	15,725	19,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,230	8,655	11,575	57.9	55.0	60.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,295	4,595	5,700	29.5	29.2	29.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,940	2,100	1,840	11.3	13.4	9.6
Commute to a different province or territory	445	380	70	1.3	2.4	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	44,650	23,155	21,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	38,660	20,015	18,645	86.6	86.4	86.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,655	18,525	17,130	79.9	80.0	79.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,005	1,485	1,510	6.7	6.4	7.0
Public transit	980	510	470	2.2	2.2	2.2
Walked	2,625	1,065	1,565	5.9	4.6	7.3
Bicycle	860	530	330	1.9	2.3	1.5
Other method	1,530	1,035	495	3.4	4.5	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	44,650	23,155	21,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	23,665	10,855	12,810	53.0	46.9	59.6
15 to 29 minutes	12,515	6,515	6,000	28.0	28.1	27.9
30 to 44 minutes	3,890	2,310	1,575	8.7	10.0	7.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,575	1,010	565	3.5	4.4	2.6
60 minutes and over	3,010	2,460	545	6.7	10.6	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	44,650	23,155	21,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,805	2,040	770	6.3	8.8	3.6
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,840	4,195	2,645	15.3	18.1	12.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,140	6,275	4,865	24.9	27.1	22.6
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	11,665	4,895	6,775	26.1	21.1	31.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,420	2,540	3,880	14.4	11.0	18.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,780	3,205	2,575	12.9	13.8	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,240	11,010	10,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,120	1,095	1,030	10.0	9.9	10.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,120	9,915	9,205	90.0	90.1	90.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,150	8,415	7,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,690	880	810	10.5	10.5	10.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,035	500	530	6.4	5.9	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	655	380	275	4.1	4.5	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,455	7,530	6,920	89.5	89.5	89.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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