Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Nanaimo--LadysmithMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	122,855	59,825	63,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,015	8,785	8,230	13.8	14.7	13.1
0 to 4 years	4,885	2,520	2,365	4.0	4.2	3.8
5 to 9 years	5,915	3,020	2,895	4.8	5.0	4.6
10 to 14 years	6,220	3,250	2,970	5.1	5.4	4.7
15 to 64 years	74,625	36,520	38,105	60.7	61.0	60.5
15 to 19 years	5,565	2,885	2,680	4.5	4.8	4.3
20 to 24 years	6,380	3,310	3,065	5.2	5.5	4.9
25 to 29 years	7,125	3,670	3,450	5.8	6.1	5.5
30 to 34 years	7,605	3,675	3,925	6.2	6.1	6.2
35 to 39 years	8,015	3,960	4,055	6.5	6.6	6.4
40 to 44 years	7,140	3,475	3,665	5.8	5.8	5.8
45 to 49 years	6,885	3,340	3,540	5.6	5.6	5.6
50 to 54 years	7,545	3,585	3,960	6.1	6.0	6.3
55 to 59 years	8,795	4,200	4,595	7.2	7.0	7.3
60 to 64 years	9,585	4,415	5,170	7.8	7.4	8.2
65 years and over	31,210	14,515	16,695	25.4	24.3	26.5
65 to 69 years	9,820	4,600	5,215	8.0	7.7	8.3
70 to 74 years	8,465	3,955	4,510	6.9	6.6	7.2
75 to 79 years	5,755	2,795	2,960	4.7	4.7	4.7
80 to 84 years	3,650	1,755	1,890	3.0	2.9	3.0
85 years and over	3,525	1,415	2,120	2.9	2.4	3.4
85 to 89 years	2,105	910	1,195	1.7	1.5	1.9
90 to 94 years	1,070	405	670	0.9	0.7	1.1
95 to 99 years	305	85	215	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.8	14.7	13.1	13.8	14.7	13.1
15 to 64 years	60.7	61.0	60.5	60.7	61.0	60.5
65 years and over	25.4	24.3	26.5	25.4	24.3	26.5
85 years and over	2.9	2.4	3.4	2.9	2.4	3.4
Average age of the population	45.5	44.5	46.5	45.5	44.5	46.5
Median age of the population	46.8	45.2	48.4	46.8	45.2	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	53,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	31,195	...	...	58.7	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,245	...	...	4.2	...	...
Row house	2,035	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,230	...	...	11.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,010	...	...	15.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,385	...	...	2.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,920	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	53,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,175	...	...	30.4	...	...
2 persons	21,025	...	...	39.5	...	...
3 persons	7,255	...	...	13.6	...	...
4 persons	5,515	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,205	...	...	6.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	119,845	58,505	61,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	105,840	51,035	54,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,970	29,925	30,045	56.7	58.6	54.8
Married	46,560	23,255	23,300	44.0	45.6	42.5
Living common-law	13,415	6,670	6,740	12.7	13.1	12.3
Living common law - Never married	9,230	4,615	4,610	8.7	9.0	8.4
Living common law - Separated	540	270	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	3,280	1,650	1,625	3.1	3.2	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	365	130	235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	45,870	21,110	24,760	43.3	41.4	45.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,060	14,795	12,265	25.6	29.0	22.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,140	1,365	1,770	3.0	2.7	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,130	3,445	5,685	8.6	6.8	10.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,540	1,505	5,035	6.2	2.9	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	35,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,750	...	...	62.0	...	...
3 persons	6,515	...	...	18.6	...	...
4 persons	4,950	...	...	14.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,845	...	...	5.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	35,060	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,200	...	...	83.3	...	...
Married couples	22,500	...	...	64.2	...	...
With children⁶	9,025	...	...	25.7	...	...
Without children	13,475	...	...	38.4	...	...
Common-law couples	6,695	...	...	19.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,190	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	4,510	...	...	12.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,860	...	...	16.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,445	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,415	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	119,845	58,505	61,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	92,660	45,740	46,925	77.3	78.2	76.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,395	29,115	29,280	48.7	49.8	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,860	1,415	4,445	4.9	2.4	7.2
Children⁶	28,405	15,210	13,195	23.7	26.0	21.5
In a two-parent family	19,750	10,510	9,240	16.5	18.0	15.1
In a one-parent family	8,650	4,695	3,955	7.2	8.0	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,190	12,765	14,425	22.7	21.8	23.5
Living alone	16,170	7,015	9,150	13.5	12.0	14.9
Living with other relatives⁷	2,995	1,315	1,680	2.5	2.2	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	8,020	4,430	3,590	6.7	7.6	5.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	53,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	29,935	...	...	56.3	...	...
Couple-family households	25,615	...	...	48.2	...	...
With children⁶	9,675	...	...	18.2	...	...
Without children	15,935	...	...	30.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,315	...	...	8.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,265	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	420	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,365	...	...	4.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,015	...	...	5.7	...	...
One-person households	16,170	...	...	30.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	102,865	49,735	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,435	48,505	51,925	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,400	36,000	39,600	44,400	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,495	48,540	51,955	97.7	97.6	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	33,200	36,400	40,400	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,625	43,790	45,835	87.1	88.0	86.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	38,800	26,400	31,800	38,800	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,795	33,560	33,235	64.9	67.5	62.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,400	29,400	34,400	40,400	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	86,405	39,885	46,515	84.0	80.2	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,200	11,800	12,500	12,200	11,800	12,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,420	4,525	4,900	9.2	9.1	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	26,060	12,165	13,895	25.3	24.5	26.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	102,880	49,730	53,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,440	48,480	51,950	97.6	97.5	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,600	54,950	42,640	48,600	54,950	42,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,510	48,515	51,995	97.7	97.6	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,120	46,760	37,800	42,120	46,760	37,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,630	43,680	45,950	87.1	87.8	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,680	50,400	35,360	42,680	50,400	35,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,805	33,590	33,220	64.9	67.5	62.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,520	50,440	36,520	43,520	50,440	36,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	86,315	39,705	46,610	83.9	79.8	87.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,220	11,690	12,680	12,220	11,690	12,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,315	4,470	4,845	9.1	9.0	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	6,185	6,600	6,400	6,185	6,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,950	11,985	13,965	25.2	24.1	26.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,820	8,600	9,010	8,820	8,600	9,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	102,880	49,730	53,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,785	15,780	13,005	28.0	31.7	24.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	65,000	53,200	59,200	65,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,300	72,800	58,500	66,300	72,800	58,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,725	13,275	15,450	27.9	26.7	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,400	17,000	19,200	22,400	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,280	35,000	24,320	29,280	35,000	24,320
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4	82.6	73.4	78.4	82.6	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.6	63.6	54.7	59.6	63.6	54.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.6	17.4	26.7	21.6	17.4	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.0	4.8	7.3	6.0	4.8	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	3.9	5.7	4.7	3.9	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	102,865	49,735	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,435	1,230	1,200	2.4	2.5	2.3
With total income	100,435	48,505	51,925	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,815	3,435	4,380	7.8	7.1	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,000	4,895	7,100	11.9	10.1	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	16,655	7,030	9,625	16.6	14.5	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	14,295	6,250	8,040	14.2	12.9	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	12,490	5,695	6,790	12.4	11.8	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,570	4,560	5,005	9.5	9.4	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,155	3,785	3,370	7.1	7.8	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,290	3,020	2,265	5.3	6.2	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,975	2,330	1,645	4.0	4.8	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,970	1,815	1,155	3.0	3.7	2.2
$100,000 and over	8,225	5,680	2,550	8.2	11.7	4.9
$100,000 to $149,999	6,000	4,050	1,955	6.0	8.3	3.8
$150,000 and over	2,225	1,630	595	2.2	3.4	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	102,865	49,735	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,370	1,195	1,175	2.3	2.4	2.2
With after-tax income	100,495	48,540	51,955	97.7	97.6	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,245	3,585	4,665	8.2	7.4	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	12,430	5,070	7,360	12.4	10.4	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	18,835	8,030	10,805	18.7	16.5	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	16,455	7,350	9,105	16.4	15.2	17.5
$40,000 to $49,999	13,775	6,455	7,315	13.7	13.3	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,785	5,020	4,765	9.7	10.3	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,780	3,865	2,915	6.7	8.0	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,710	2,800	1,910	4.7	5.8	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,300	2,035	1,270	3.3	4.2	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,055	1,380	680	2.0	2.8	1.3
$100,000 and over	4,120	2,965	1,155	4.1	6.1	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,340	1,660	670	2.3	3.4	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,785	1,295	485	1.8	2.7	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	102,865	49,735	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	36,075	16,180	19,895	35.1	32.5	37.4
With employment income	66,795	33,560	33,235	64.9	67.5	62.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	10,010	4,685	5,330	15.0	13.9	16.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,455	2,335	3,120	8.2	7.0	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,030	3,485	4,550	12.0	10.4	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,930	3,080	3,850	10.4	9.2	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,655	3,025	3,630	10.0	9.0	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	6,135	2,885	3,245	9.2	8.6	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	5,400	2,650	2,750	8.1	7.9	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	4,200	2,320	1,880	6.3	6.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,375	2,025	1,355	5.1	6.0	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,685	1,570	1,110	4.0	4.7	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,195	1,345	850	3.3	4.0	2.6
$100,000 and over	5,725	4,155	1,570	8.6	12.4	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,080	2,100	985	4.6	6.3	3.0
$125,000 and over	2,640	2,050	590	4.0	6.1	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	102,865	49,735	53,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,035	47,200	50,830	95.3	94.9	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,200	32,400	37,200	43,200	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,205	47,235	50,965	95.5	95.0	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	38,800	29,800	33,600	38,800	29,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,990	43,365	45,630	86.5	87.2	85.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,000	27,800	32,800	40,000	27,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	70,410	35,060	35,355	68.4	70.5	66.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	28,400	33,200	39,600	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,770	31,420	40,350	69.8	63.2	75.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	9,400	8,900	9,100	9,400	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,090	3,385	3,705	6.9	6.8	7.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,080	5,480	5,240	5,080	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	102,880	49,730	53,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,060	47,250	50,805	95.3	95.0	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,960	54,750	39,720	46,960	54,750	39,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,230	47,285	50,950	95.5	95.1	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,080	45,880	34,720	40,080	45,880	34,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,815	43,295	45,520	86.3	87.1	85.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,960	52,750	35,640	43,960	52,750	35,640
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	70,465	35,165	35,300	68.5	70.7	66.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,680	50,600	34,800	42,680	50,600	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,605	31,320	40,280	69.6	63.0	75.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,790	9,720	9,840	9,790	9,720	9,840
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,025	3,315	3,710	6.8	6.7	7.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,810	6,225	7,340	6,810	6,225	7,340
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	102,880	49,730	53,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	28,685	15,735	12,955	27.9	31.6	24.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	62,400	49,600	55,600	62,400	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,950	70,300	54,050	62,950	70,300	54,050
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,505	12,710	14,795	26.7	25.6	27.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,600	22,000	24,800	29,600	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,840	42,560	28,160	34,840	42,560	28,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8	88.2	80.4	84.8	88.2	80.4
Employment income (%)	65.2	68.8	60.8	65.2	68.8	60.8
Government transfers (%)	15.2	11.8	19.6	15.2	11.8	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.4	1.0	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	53,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	53,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,600	...	...	79,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,200	...	...	48,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,160	...	...	42,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,800	...	...	110,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,900	...	...	95,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	53,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	530	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	255	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	445	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,150	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,470	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,845	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,950	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,250	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,375	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,445	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,430	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,195	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,715	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,435	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,030	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,645	...	...	35.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,130	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,350	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,815	...	...	9.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,355	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	53,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	605	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	270	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,195	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,585	...	...	4.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,110	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,240	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,675	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,740	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,610	...	...	4.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,050	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,590	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,260	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,695	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,330	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,745	...	...	27.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,990	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,780	...	...	7.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,975	...	...	9.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	34,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,425	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,190	11,450	12,745	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	37,200	35,600	36,400	37,200	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,400	33,200	33,600	34,400	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	34,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...	100,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,500	...	...	86,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,600	...	...	138,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,300	...	...	76,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...	68,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,200	11,345	12,855	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,200	46,400	42,280	44,200	46,400	42,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,960	40,360	37,720	38,960	40,360	37,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	119,845	58,505	61,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,380	10,525	9,860	17.0	18.0	16.1
0 to 5 years	6,035	3,110	2,925	5.0	5.3	4.8
18 to 64 years	70,290	34,190	36,095	58.7	58.4	58.8
65 years and over	29,175	13,780	15,390	24.3	23.6	25.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	13,320	6,130	7,190	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,595	1,365	1,235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	780	410	370	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,840	3,205	3,635	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,880	1,560	2,320	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.1	10.5	11.7	11.1	10.5	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.9	12.5	12.7	12.9	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	13.1	12.7	12.9	13.1	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.7	9.4	10.1	9.7	9.4	10.1
65 years and over (%)	13.3	11.3	15.1	13.3	11.3	15.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	118,195	57,665	60,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,875	10,260	9,615	16.8	17.8	15.9
0 to 5 years	5,885	3,040	2,850	5.0	5.3	4.7
18 to 64 years	69,330	33,730	35,600	58.7	58.5	58.8
65 years and over	28,985	13,670	15,315	24.5	23.7	25.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,055	2,635	2,425	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	770	395	375	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	205	110	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,745	2,000	1,750	...	...	...
65 years and over	545	240	300	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.3	4.6	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9	3.8	3.9	3.9	3.8	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.5	3.6	3.4	3.5	3.6	3.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.4	5.9	4.9	5.4	5.9	4.9
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.8	2.0	1.9	1.8	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	119,850	58,505	61,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	63,785	30,270	33,515	53.2	51.7	54.6
In bottom decile	13,050	6,275	6,775	10.9	10.7	11.0
In second decile	13,190	6,060	7,125	11.0	10.4	11.6
In third decile	12,780	6,015	6,765	10.7	10.3	11.0
In fourth decile	12,300	5,885	6,410	10.3	10.1	10.4
In fifth decile	12,470	6,035	6,435	10.4	10.3	10.5
In top half of the distribution	56,065	28,230	27,835	46.8	48.3	45.4
In sixth decile	12,365	6,125	6,240	10.3	10.5	10.2
In seventh decile	11,695	5,820	5,875	9.8	9.9	9.6
In eighth decile	11,765	5,940	5,830	9.8	10.2	9.5
In ninth decile	11,290	5,750	5,535	9.4	9.8	9.0
In top decile	8,955	4,595	4,355	7.5	7.9	7.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	119,850	...	...	119,850	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.305	...	...	0.305	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.430	...	...	0.430	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	121,375	59,270	62,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	112,640	55,465	57,175	92.8	93.6	92.1
French only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	8,085	3,515	4,575	6.7	5.9	7.4
Neither English nor French	615	270	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	121,375	59,270	62,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	119,280	58,270	61,010	98.3	98.3	98.2
French	1,360	670	685	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	580	255	325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	121,375	59,270	62,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,240	58,305	60,935	98.2	98.4	98.1
Official languages	108,125	53,195	54,925	89.1	89.8	88.4
English	106,680	52,490	54,190	87.9	88.6	87.3
French	1,440	710	730	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official languages	11,115	5,105	6,015	9.2	8.6	9.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,035	5,060	5,975	9.1	8.5	9.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	500	270	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	475	265	215	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	425	240	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	555	240	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	500	220	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	905	335	570	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	715	265	450	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,080	2,895	3,185	5.0	4.9	5.1
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,030	475	560	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,020	465	555	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	260	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,105	975	1,130	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,115	510	605	0.9	0.9	1.0
German	1,090	495	590	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	665	330	340	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afrikaans	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	545	270	270	0.4	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	310	125	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	170	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,765	920	845	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	825	745	1.3	1.4	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	240	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,080	540	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,055	460	590	0.9	0.8	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	225	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	60	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	610	255	355	0.5	0.4	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	265	70	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	435	200	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,640	745	900	1.4	1.3	1.4
Chinese languages	1,635	745	895	1.3	1.3	1.4
Hakka	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,205	545	660	1.0	0.9	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	355	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	280	120	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	175	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,135	970	1,170	1.8	1.6	1.9
English and French	510	240	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,365	630	735	1.1	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	180	65	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	121,375	59,270	62,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,085	54,030	56,055	90.7	91.2	90.3
French	220	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,340	1,130	1,210	1.9	1.9	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,335	1,125	1,210	1.9	1.9	1.9
English and French	1,140	505	635	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	7,165	3,310	3,855	5.9	5.6	6.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	121,375	59,270	62,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	119,905	58,585	61,320	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	115,335	56,365	58,965	95.0	95.1	94.9
English	115,000	56,205	58,795	94.7	94.8	94.7
French	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	4,570	2,220	2,355	3.8	3.7	3.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,560	2,210	2,345	3.8	3.7	3.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	305	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	290	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	275	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	340	150	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	300	135	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	410	200	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	325	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,790	875	915	1.5	1.5	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	290	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	290	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	985	495	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	895	455	435	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	665	335	330	0.5	0.6	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	290	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	350	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,070	520	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese languages	1,070	520	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	855	415	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	180	90	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,470	685	785	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,270	590	675	1.0	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	121,375	59,270	62,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	113,865	55,840	58,030	93.8	94.2	93.4
English	1,965	945	1,015	1.6	1.6	1.6
French	930	400	525	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	3,745	1,670	2,070	3.1	2.8	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,660	1,635	2,025	3.0	2.8	3.3
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	420	185	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	119,865	58,480	61,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	119,230	58,185	61,050	99.5	99.5	99.5
English	119,210	58,170	61,035	99.5	99.5	99.4
French	8,155	3,560	4,595	6.8	6.1	7.5
Non-official languages	16,710	7,700	9,015	13.9	13.2	14.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	400	180	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	285	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Halkomelem	265	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,310	7,515	8,795	13.6	12.9	14.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	620	320	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	570	305	270	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	485	250	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	665	280	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	585	245	335	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,285	515	765	1.1	0.9	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,085	440	645	0.9	0.8	1.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,040	4,760	5,285	8.4	8.1	8.6
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,340	620	720	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,330	610	715	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	290	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	410	210	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	310	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,285	1,510	1,770	2.7	2.6	2.9
Frisian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,900	885	1,010	1.6	1.5	1.6
German	1,890	880	1,010	1.6	1.5	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,050	510	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afrikaans	275	165	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	770	355	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	505	185	320	0.4	0.3	0.5
Danish	230	75	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,520	1,275	1,240	2.1	2.2	2.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,220	1,135	1,085	1.9	1.9	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	135	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	1,125	615	510	0.9	1.1	0.8
Kacchi	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,475	725	740	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	300	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	300	135	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	250	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,210	1,475	1,740	2.7	2.5	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	520	250	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	2,550	1,145	1,400	2.1	2.0	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	605	205	395	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korean	540	250	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	285	150	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	215	60	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	185	40	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,880	880	1,000	1.6	1.5	1.6
Chinese languages	1,880	880	1,000	1.6	1.5	1.6
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,490	685	800	1.2	1.2	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	490	240	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	140	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	375	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	245	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,870	58,475	61,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,995	5,185	5,810	9.2	8.9	9.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,525	4,975	5,545	8.8	8.5	9.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	6,540	3,075	3,465	5.5	5.3	5.6
Métis	3,910	1,865	2,045	3.3	3.2	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	295	115	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,865	53,290	55,580	90.8	91.1	90.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	119,870	58,475	61,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,975	2,445	2,530	4.2	4.2	4.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	114,890	56,035	58,855	95.8	95.8	95.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,325	...	...	70.2	...	...
Renter	15,620	...	...	29.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	225	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,940	...	...	13.1	...	...
Not condominium	46,235	...	...	86.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	380	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	6,685	...	...	12.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	15,425	...	...	29.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	17,355	...	...	32.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,335	...	...	25.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	15,225	...	...	28.6	...	...
5 rooms	9,130	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	7,745	...	...	14.6	...	...
7 rooms	6,180	...	...	11.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,895	...	...	28.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	52,620	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	560	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	51,345	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,835	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,340	...	...	13.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,805	...	...	27.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,255	...	...	13.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,175	...	...	17.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,715	...	...	5.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,975	...	...	7.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,390	...	...	6.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,530	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	50,030	...	...	94.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,150	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	25,980	...	...	48.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	24,180	...	...	45.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,020	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,580	...	...	3.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,220	...	...	11.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,985	...	...	15.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,025	...	...	15.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,555	...	...	19.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	11,050	...	...	20.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,930	...	...	11.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,840	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	52,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	40,590	...	...	77.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,815	...	...	22.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,740	...	...	20.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	53,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,590	...	...	29.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,815	...	...	20.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,335	...	...	2.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,240	...	...	4.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	290	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	695	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	195	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	37,590	...	...	70.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	51,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,640	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not in core need	45,690	...	...	89.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	36,975	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.4	...	...	57.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,090	...	...	1,090	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,332	...	...	1,332	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	642,000	...	...	642,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	15,590	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.6	...	...	39.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.9	...	...	23.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,230	...	...	1,230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,298	...	...	1,298	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	230	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.7	...	...	8.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	376	...	...	376	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	428	...	...	428	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	119,865	58,480	61,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,635	2,305	2,330	3.9	3.9	3.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,555	2,265	2,290	3.8	3.9	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,780	1,855	1,925	3.2	3.2	3.1
Métis single ancestry	745	395	350	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,190	3,165	4,030	6.0	5.4	6.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,920	3,035	3,885	5.8	5.2	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,505	1,940	2,565	3.8	3.3	4.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,340	1,040	1,295	2.0	1.8	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,035	53,015	55,030	90.1	90.7	89.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	119,870	58,475	61,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	113,835	55,620	58,215	95.0	95.1	94.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,930	10,325	9,605	16.6	17.7	15.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	93,905	45,295	48,610	78.3	77.5	79.2
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,035	2,860	3,175	5.0	4.9	5.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	119,870	58,475	61,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	100,720	49,495	51,225	84.0	84.6	83.4
Immigrants⁸¹	17,440	8,130	9,310	14.5	13.9	15.2
Before 1980	7,135	3,395	3,740	6.0	5.8	6.1
1980 to 1990	1,940	880	1,060	1.6	1.5	1.7
1991 to 2000	1,925	835	1,095	1.6	1.4	1.8
2001 to 2010	2,750	1,315	1,435	2.3	2.2	2.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,695	1,705	1,985	3.1	2.9	3.2
2011 to 2015	1,565	735	825	1.3	1.3	1.3
2016 to 2021	2,130	970	1,160	1.8	1.7	1.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,705	855	845	1.4	1.5	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	17,440	8,125	9,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,005	1,005	1,000	11.5	12.4	10.7
5 to 14 years	3,415	1,620	1,790	19.6	19.9	19.2
15 to 24 years	3,460	1,505	1,955	19.8	18.5	21.0
25 to 44 years	6,990	3,290	3,695	40.1	40.5	39.7
45 years and over	1,575	705	865	9.0	8.7	9.3
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	17,440	8,125	9,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,470	1,060	1,410	14.2	13.0	15.1
Brazil	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Colombia	85	35	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
El Salvador	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Guyana	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	175	80	85	1.0	1.0	0.9
Peru	35	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	55	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
United States of America	1,600	700	900	9.2	8.6	9.7
Other places of birth in Americas	345	150	195	2.0	1.8	2.1
Europe	8,330	4,080	4,250	47.8	50.2	45.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	140	80	60	0.8	1.0	0.6
France	125	65	70	0.7	0.8	0.8
Germany	835	400	430	4.8	4.9	4.6
Greece	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hungary	175	95	85	1.0	1.2	0.9
Italy	145	85	50	0.8	1.0	0.5
Netherlands	620	315	300	3.6	3.9	3.2
Poland	275	155	120	1.6	1.9	1.3
Portugal	70	45	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
Romania	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Russian Federation	100	50	50	0.6	0.6	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	45	20	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	85	45	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,460	2,125	2,330	25.6	26.2	25.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,105	505	595	6.3	6.2	6.4
Africa	815	405	410	4.7	5.0	4.4
Algeria	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	155	70	80	0.9	0.9	0.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	365	205	155	2.1	2.5	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	215	85	130	1.2	1.0	1.4
Asia	5,385	2,345	3,045	30.9	28.9	32.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	215	110	105	1.2	1.4	1.1
Iraq	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	220	115	105	1.3	1.4	1.1
Turkey	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	990	420	565	5.7	5.2	6.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	155	80	80	0.9	1.0	0.9
Korea, South⁹²	395	165	230	2.3	2.0	2.5
Taiwan	110	45	70	0.6	0.6	0.8
Philippines	1,010	415	595	5.8	5.1	6.4
Viet Nam	400	170	225	2.3	2.1	2.4
Bangladesh	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
India	1,020	495	525	5.8	6.1	5.6
Pakistan	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	710	240	470	4.1	3.0	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	440	235	200	2.5	2.9	2.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,125	970	1,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	255	125	135	12.0	12.9	11.6
Brazil	25	10	15	1.2	1.0	1.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	10	20	1.4	1.0	1.7
United States of America	150	85	65	7.1	8.8	5.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	15	1.6	2.1	1.3
Europe	290	140	150	13.6	14.4	12.9
France	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Germany	15	15	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	45	25	20	2.1	2.6	1.7
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	45	50	4.7	4.6	4.3
Other places of birth in Europe	105	50	55	4.9	5.2	4.7
Africa	250	125	125	11.8	12.9	10.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	125	60	65	5.9	6.2	5.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0.9	1.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	80	35	35	3.8	3.6	3.0
Asia	1,270	550	720	59.8	56.7	62.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
China⁹⁰	290	125	170	13.6	12.9	14.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	295	155	135	13.9	16.0	11.6
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.9	1.0	0.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	20	1.4	0.0	1.7
Jordan	15	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	70	20	55	3.3	2.1	4.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	210	75	135	9.9	7.7	11.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	195	110	85	9.2	11.3	7.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	45	10	35	2.1	1.0	3.0
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45	3.1	2.1	3.9
Oceania and other⁹³	65	30	30	3.1	3.1	2.6
Australia	15	10	0	0.7	1.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	55	25	25	2.6	2.6	2.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	119,865	58,475	61,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,490	9,635	10,850	17.1	16.5	17.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,295	10,735	11,565	18.6	18.4	18.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	77,075	38,110	38,970	64.3	65.2	63.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,305	4,735	5,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,555	2,725	2,835	53.9	57.6	50.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,460	1,440	1,025	23.9	30.4	18.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,095	1,285	1,810	30.0	27.1	32.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,690	1,495	2,200	35.8	31.6	39.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,010	500	510	9.8	10.6	9.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,305	4,735	5,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	200	105	100	1.9	2.2	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,665	795	875	16.2	16.8	15.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	350	150	200	3.4	3.2	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	925	430	495	9.0	9.1	8.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	25	60	0.8	0.5	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,080	3,240	3,840	68.7	68.4	68.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	119,865	58,480	61,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,660	5,925	6,735	10.6	10.1	11.0
South Asian	2,925	1,485	1,435	2.4	2.5	2.3
Chinese	2,405	1,125	1,275	2.0	1.9	2.1
Black	1,255	575	680	1.0	1.0	1.1
Filipino	1,500	660	845	1.3	1.1	1.4
Arab	385	210	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	720	325	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	1,110	475	635	0.9	0.8	1.0
West Asian	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	585	270	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	785	320	465	0.7	0.5	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	445	205	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	107,205	52,555	54,650	89.4	89.9	89.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	119,865	58,480	61,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,530	7,950	7,580	13.0	13.6	12.3
English	37,770	18,150	19,625	31.5	31.0	32.0
Irish	21,050	9,980	11,065	17.6	17.1	18.0
Scottish	27,875	13,385	14,490	23.3	22.9	23.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,290	4,770	5,515	8.6	8.2	9.0
German	16,485	7,910	8,575	13.8	13.5	14.0
Chinese	2,720	1,285	1,435	2.3	2.2	2.3
Italian	4,210	2,105	2,100	3.5	3.6	3.4
Indian (India)	1,855	935	920	1.5	1.6	1.5
Ukrainian	6,060	2,910	3,155	5.1	5.0	5.1
Dutch	5,850	2,875	2,970	4.9	4.9	4.8
Polish	3,760	1,710	2,055	3.1	2.9	3.3
Québécois	195	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,480	3,075	3,410	5.4	5.3	5.6
Filipino	1,480	650	830	1.2	1.1	1.4
French Canadian	1,320	620	695	1.1	1.1	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,550	1,285	1,270	2.1	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,175	1,875	2,300	3.5	3.2	3.7
Métis	3,425	1,595	1,830	2.9	2.7	3.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,325	1,665	1,660	2.8	2.8	2.7
Russian	2,555	1,195	1,365	2.1	2.0	2.2
Norwegian	4,640	2,240	2,400	3.9	3.8	3.9
Welsh	3,900	1,915	1,980	3.3	3.3	3.2
Portuguese	520	225	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
American	2,375	1,200	1,175	2.0	2.1	1.9
Spanish	1,100	505	595	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	3,435	1,600	1,835	2.9	2.7	3.0
Hungarian	1,700	825	875	1.4	1.4	1.4
Acadian	340	155	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	590	260	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Punjabi	425	220	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	730	340	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	450	185	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	315	105	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	795	320	470	0.7	0.5	0.8
Korean	595	275	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	710	335	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	265	140	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,135	980	1,155	1.8	1.7	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	875	475	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	340	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austrian	1,380	645	735	1.2	1.1	1.2
Belgian	880	425	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	385	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	340	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	705	390	320	0.6	0.7	0.5
Finnish	1,430	645	785	1.2	1.1	1.3
Sri Lankan	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	610	310	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	960	385	570	0.8	0.7	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	200	75	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,055	525	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	35	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	995	460	535	0.8	0.8	0.9
Colombian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	595	280	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	205	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algerian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	245	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	280	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	195	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	320	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	495	235	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	295	175	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	90	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	240	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albertan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	165	100	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	165	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	555	285	270	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	135	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	170	45	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	119,865	58,480	61,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	755	270	485	0.6	0.5	0.8
Christian	37,285	16,430	20,855	31.1	28.1	34.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,765	4,040	4,730	7.3	6.9	7.7
Anabaptist	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	4,520	1,865	2,655	3.8	3.2	4.3
Baptist	1,370	610	760	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	10,700	4,900	5,800	8.9	8.4	9.4
Christian Orthodox	310	150	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	965	445	515	0.8	0.8	0.8
Latter Day Saints	290	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,340	555	785	1.1	0.9	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,110	455	655	0.9	0.8	1.1
Presbyterian	805	325	480	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	4,635	1,850	2,790	3.9	3.2	4.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,975	855	1,115	1.6	1.5	1.8
Hindu	735	385	355	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jewish	300	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	925	435	485	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sikh	1,220	595	630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	825	400	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,580	560	1,020	1.3	1.0	1.7
No religion and secular perspectives	76,235	39,250	36,985	63.6	67.1	60.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	119,015	58,065	60,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,875	49,730	52,150	85.6	85.6	85.6
Movers	17,135	8,340	8,795	14.4	14.4	14.4
Non-migrants	10,020	4,905	5,115	8.4	8.4	8.4
Migrants	7,115	3,435	3,685	6.0	5.9	6.0
Internal migrants	6,495	3,130	3,370	5.5	5.4	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,675	2,290	2,385	3.9	3.9	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,820	840	985	1.5	1.4	1.6
External migrants	615	300	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	115,090	56,035	59,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	61,975	30,170	31,810	53.8	53.8	53.9
Movers	53,110	25,860	27,250	46.1	46.1	46.1
Non-migrants	21,265	10,280	10,990	18.5	18.3	18.6
Migrants	31,840	15,580	16,260	27.7	27.8	27.5
Internal migrants	28,655	14,000	14,650	24.9	25.0	24.8
Intraprovincial migrants	21,645	10,510	11,135	18.8	18.8	18.9
Interprovincial migrants	7,005	3,490	3,515	6.1	6.2	6.0
External migrants	3,185	1,575	1,610	2.8	2.8	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,880	49,730	53,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,060	9,645	7,415	16.6	19.4	14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,825	40,085	45,730	83.4	80.6	86.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,775	29,760	32,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,935	4,145	2,780	11.2	13.9	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,845	25,610	29,230	88.8	86.1	91.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	102,880	49,730	53,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,125	7,775	6,345	13.7	15.6	11.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,585	15,130	16,450	30.7	30.4	31.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,170	26,825	30,350	55.6	53.9	57.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,220	16,805	17,415	33.3	33.8	32.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,280	7,595	2,685	10.0	15.3	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,110	2,320	1,795	4.0	4.7	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,170	5,270	895	6.0	10.6	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,045	7,445	11,595	18.5	15.0	21.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,895	1,765	3,130	4.8	3.5	5.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,950	10,015	12,935	22.3	20.1	24.3
Bachelor's degree	14,295	6,120	8,175	13.9	12.3	15.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,830	820	1,005	1.8	1.6	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	645	370	280	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	5,235	2,215	3,015	5.1	4.5	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	945	490	460	0.9	1.0	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	61,775	29,755	32,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,460	3,300	2,160	8.8	11.1	6.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,605	8,990	8,615	28.5	30.2	26.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,715	17,470	21,240	62.7	58.7	66.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,445	10,750	11,695	36.3	36.1	36.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,475	4,725	1,750	10.5	15.9	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,665	1,485	1,185	4.3	5.0	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,815	3,245	575	6.2	10.9	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,625	4,920	7,705	20.4	16.5	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,350	1,105	2,235	5.4	3.7	7.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,265	6,720	9,545	26.3	22.6	29.8
Bachelor's degree	10,345	4,250	6,095	16.7	14.3	19.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,285	580	705	2.1	1.9	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	445	210	235	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	3,630	1,445	2,185	5.9	4.9	6.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	555	230	325	0.9	0.8	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	102,880	49,730	53,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	45,710	22,910	22,800	44.4	46.1	42.9
Education	4,560	1,235	3,330	4.4	2.5	6.3
13. Education	4,560	1,235	3,330	4.4	2.5	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,300	950	1,350	2.2	1.9	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	170	120	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,130	830	1,300	2.1	1.7	2.4
Humanities	2,580	1,060	1,515	2.5	2.1	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	65	145	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	825	290	530	0.8	0.6	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	675	195	480	0.7	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190	125	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	235	125	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	320	210	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,930	2,045	3,880	5.8	4.1	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	175	30	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	480	175	300	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,135	145	990	1.1	0.3	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	720	235	485	0.7	0.5	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	170	50	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,210	395	815	1.2	0.8	1.5
45. Social sciences	2,040	1,015	1,025	2.0	2.0	1.9
Business, management and public administration	10,740	3,725	7,005	10.4	7.5	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,070	215	855	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,660	3,510	6,150	9.4	7.1	11.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,040	1,095	945	2.0	2.2	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,075	530	545	1.0	1.1	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	325	170	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	490	345	145	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,645	1,045	605	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,270	895	370	1.2	1.8	0.7
25. Library science	175	30	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,240	10,435	810	10.9	21.0	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	260	150	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,660	1,420	240	1.6	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,165	1,950	220	2.1	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,160	3,045	110	3.1	6.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,570	2,475	95	2.5	5.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,420	1,385	30	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,920	1,160	760	1.9	2.3	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	945	455	485	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	980	705	275	1.0	1.4	0.5
Health and related fields	10,080	1,890	8,190	9.8	3.8	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	675	335	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,150	1,400	7,750	8.9	2.8	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	220	155	70	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,135	2,180	1,955	4.0	4.4	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,545	820	1,730	2.5	1.6	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	415	285	130	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,115	1,015	100	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	61,775	29,760	32,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,065	12,290	10,770	37.3	41.3	33.6
Education	2,610	650	1,965	4.2	2.2	6.1
13. Education	2,610	650	1,965	4.2	2.2	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,745	705	1,040	2.8	2.4	3.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	90	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,625	615	1,010	2.6	2.1	3.2
Humanities	1,690	680	1,010	2.7	2.3	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	25	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	530	185	345	0.9	0.6	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	150	330	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	120	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	75	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	220	155	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,295	1,370	2,925	7.0	4.6	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	155	30	130	0.3	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	385	135	255	0.6	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	895	115	780	1.4	0.4	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	455	125	335	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	35	85	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	815	255	560	1.3	0.9	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,465	685	785	2.4	2.3	2.5
Business, management and public administration	7,450	2,580	4,870	12.1	8.7	15.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	740	140	595	1.2	0.5	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,705	2,440	4,265	10.9	8.2	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,350	640	710	2.2	2.2	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	745	335	410	1.2	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	230	110	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	295	175	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,185	790	390	1.9	2.7	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,010	735	275	1.6	2.5	0.9
25. Library science	95	10	85	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,115	6,505	610	11.5	21.9	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	190	105	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	1,060	875	190	1.7	2.9	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,290	1,140	150	2.1	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,145	2,050	95	3.5	6.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,550	1,490	60	2.5	5.0	0.2
48. Precision production	865	845	25	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,395	760	635	2.3	2.6	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	660	270	390	1.1	0.9	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	735	485	245	1.2	1.6	0.8
Health and related fields	7,000	1,355	5,645	11.3	4.6	17.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	465	225	235	0.8	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,370	1,045	5,320	10.3	3.5	16.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	140	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,860	1,430	1,435	4.6	4.8	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,805	545	1,255	2.9	1.8	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	275	175	95	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	760	675	80	1.2	2.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	61,775	29,760	32,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,065	12,290	10,770	37.3	41.3	33.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,710	17,465	21,245	62.7	58.7	66.4
Location of study inside Canada	34,350	15,455	18,895	55.6	51.9	59.0
Same as province or territory of residence	26,640	11,880	14,760	43.1	39.9	46.1
Different than province or territory of residence	7,710	3,575	4,135	12.5	12.0	12.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,360	2,010	2,350	7.1	6.8	7.3
Americas	1,045	510	535	1.7	1.7	1.7
United States of America	860	445	415	1.4	1.5	1.3
Mexico	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,195	625	570	1.9	2.1	1.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	670	360	310	1.1	1.2	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	200	105	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,770	680	1,090	2.9	2.3	3.4
Iran⁸⁸	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	395	145	245	0.6	0.5	0.8
Taiwan	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	110	10	100	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	460	180	280	0.7	0.6	0.9
Viet Nam	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	320	145	175	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	95	35	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	145	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	90	50	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	40	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	102,880	49,730	53,150	...	...	...
In the labour force	60,470	30,805	29,665	...	...	...
Employed	55,500	28,205	27,300	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,970	2,600	2,370	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	42,410	18,925	23,485	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.8	61.9	55.8	58.8	61.9	55.8
Employment rate	53.9	56.7	51.4	53.9	56.7	51.4
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.4	8.0	8.2	8.4	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	102,880	49,730	53,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	42,075	18,820	23,255	40.9	37.8	43.8
Worked	60,805	30,910	29,890	59.1	62.2	56.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	29,755	16,415	13,340	28.9	33.0	25.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	31,055	14,500	16,555	30.2	29.2	31.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.5	40.2	40.9	41.5	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	60,470	30,805	29,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,240	640	600	2.1	2.1	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	59,235	30,165	29,065	98.0	97.9	98.0
Employee	48,640	24,155	24,490	80.4	78.4	82.5
Permanent position	41,240	20,715	20,530	68.2	67.2	69.2
Temporary position	7,400	3,440	3,960	12.2	11.2	13.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,885	825	1,060	3.1	2.7	3.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,515	2,620	2,905	9.1	8.5	9.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,590	6,010	4,580	17.5	19.5	15.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	60,470	30,805	29,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,240	640	600	2.1	2.1	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	59,235	30,165	29,065	98.0	97.9	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	495	315	180	0.8	1.0	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,400	2,065	6,340	13.9	6.7	21.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,695	2,760	930	6.1	9.0	3.1
3 Health occupations	5,455	1,145	4,310	9.0	3.7	14.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,295	2,340	4,955	12.1	7.6	16.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,920	835	1,090	3.2	2.7	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	16,870	7,375	9,505	27.9	23.9	32.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,710	10,670	1,045	19.4	34.6	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,710	1,275	435	2.8	4.1	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,670	1,395	280	2.8	4.5	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	60,470	30,805	29,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,240	640	600	2.1	2.1	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	59,235	30,165	29,065	98.0	97.9	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,490	1,085	400	2.5	3.5	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	355	340	10	0.6	1.1	0.0
22 Utilities	255	235	20	0.4	0.8	0.1
23 Construction	6,020	5,150	875	10.0	16.7	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,495	1,915	580	4.1	6.2	2.0
41 Wholesale trade	1,300	980	320	2.1	3.2	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	8,130	3,955	4,175	13.4	12.8	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,270	2,460	805	5.4	8.0	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	1,110	655	455	1.8	2.1	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,830	660	1,170	3.0	2.1	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,130	560	570	1.9	1.8	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,810	2,025	1,780	6.3	6.6	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,935	1,605	1,325	4.9	5.2	4.5
61 Educational services	4,320	1,405	2,915	7.1	4.6	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	9,330	1,945	7,380	15.4	6.3	24.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,095	505	590	1.8	1.6	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	4,410	1,925	2,480	7.3	6.2	8.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,800	1,250	1,550	4.6	4.1	5.2
91 Public administration	3,080	1,445	1,635	5.1	4.7	5.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	65,490	33,225	32,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	63,970	32,590	31,375	97.7	98.1	97.2
French	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	190	120	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	190	120	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	515	185	335	0.8	0.6	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	705	290	410	1.1	0.9	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	65,490	33,225	32,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,335	33,145	32,190	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	65,070	33,000	32,070	99.4	99.3	99.4
English	64,870	32,960	31,915	99.1	99.2	98.9
French	195	35	160	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	265	145	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	265	145	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	150	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	65,490	33,225	32,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	64,360	32,775	31,585	98.3	98.6	97.9
English	200	55	140	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	375	140	230	0.6	0.4	0.7
Non-official language	475	190	280	0.7	0.6	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	405	160	245	0.6	0.5	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	55,500	28,205	27,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,765	4,165	5,605	17.6	14.8	20.5
Worked outside Canada	60	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	9,960	7,465	2,495	17.9	26.5	9.1
Usual place of work	35,715	16,530	19,185	64.4	58.6	70.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,715	16,530	19,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,895	11,305	14,590	72.5	68.4	76.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,710	2,795	2,915	16.0	16.9	15.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,870	2,230	1,640	10.8	13.5	8.5
Commute to a different province or territory	240	200	40	0.7	1.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,675	23,995	21,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	39,935	21,090	18,845	87.4	87.9	86.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,315	19,940	17,365	81.7	83.1	80.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,625	1,145	1,480	5.7	4.8	6.8
Public transit	1,520	680	840	3.3	2.8	3.9
Walked	2,380	1,085	1,300	5.2	4.5	6.0
Bicycle	610	405	200	1.3	1.7	0.9
Other method	1,225	735	490	2.7	3.1	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,675	23,995	21,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,850	9,180	10,670	43.5	38.3	49.2
15 to 29 minutes	16,445	8,750	7,695	36.0	36.5	35.5
30 to 44 minutes	5,530	3,305	2,225	12.1	13.8	10.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,410	910	505	3.1	3.8	2.3
60 minutes and over	2,440	1,855	585	5.3	7.7	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,675	23,995	21,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,455	1,815	640	5.4	7.6	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,330	4,260	2,080	13.9	17.8	9.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,225	6,640	5,590	26.8	27.7	25.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,895	4,740	6,160	23.9	19.8	28.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,720	2,680	4,040	14.7	11.2	18.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,045	3,865	3,180	15.4	16.1	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,765	10,720	10,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,565	810	760	7.5	7.6	7.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,205	9,910	9,290	92.5	92.4	92.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,505	8,000	7,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,230	630	600	7.9	7.9	8.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	665	320	350	4.3	4.0	4.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	565	310	250	3.6	3.9	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,275	7,375	6,905	92.1	92.2	92.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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