Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Mission--Matsqui--AbbotsfordMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	118,545	59,740	58,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	22,490	11,670	10,820	19.0	19.5	18.4
0 to 4 years	6,545	3,350	3,190	5.5	5.6	5.4
5 to 9 years	7,830	4,075	3,755	6.6	6.8	6.4
10 to 14 years	8,110	4,240	3,870	6.8	7.1	6.6
15 to 64 years	77,105	38,990	38,115	65.0	65.3	64.8
15 to 19 years	7,725	4,035	3,690	6.5	6.8	6.3
20 to 24 years	6,955	3,635	3,320	5.9	6.1	5.6
25 to 29 years	6,665	3,390	3,270	5.6	5.7	5.6
30 to 34 years	7,740	3,880	3,860	6.5	6.5	6.6
35 to 39 years	8,735	4,330	4,405	7.4	7.2	7.5
40 to 44 years	8,085	4,080	4,005	6.8	6.8	6.8
45 to 49 years	7,765	3,935	3,825	6.6	6.6	6.5
50 to 54 years	7,560	3,795	3,765	6.4	6.4	6.4
55 to 59 years	8,080	4,105	3,975	6.8	6.9	6.8
60 to 64 years	7,810	3,800	4,010	6.6	6.4	6.8
65 years and over	18,955	9,080	9,865	16.0	15.2	16.8
65 to 69 years	6,670	3,225	3,445	5.6	5.4	5.9
70 to 74 years	5,345	2,570	2,775	4.5	4.3	4.7
75 to 79 years	3,340	1,625	1,715	2.8	2.7	2.9
80 to 84 years	2,050	975	1,070	1.7	1.6	1.8
85 years and over	1,545	690	855	1.3	1.2	1.5
85 to 89 years	1,075	490	580	0.9	0.8	1.0
90 to 94 years	375	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
95 to 99 years	85	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	19.5	18.4	19.0	19.5	18.4
15 to 64 years	65.0	65.3	64.8	65.0	65.3	64.8
65 years and over	16.0	15.2	16.8	16.0	15.2	16.8
85 years and over	1.3	1.2	1.5	1.3	1.2	1.5
Average age of the population	39.6	39.0	40.2	39.6	39.0	40.2
Median age of the population	39.6	38.8	40.0	39.6	38.8	40.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,490	...	...	58.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,240	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	3,340	...	...	8.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,585	...	...	22.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,010	...	...	5.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	85	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	730	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,825	...	...	17.7	...	...
2 persons	12,100	...	...	31.4	...	...
3 persons	5,945	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	6,550	...	...	17.0	...	...
5 or more persons	7,105	...	...	18.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	116,860	58,415	58,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,055	48,075	47,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,780	29,940	29,835	62.2	62.3	62.2
Married	52,475	26,310	26,165	54.6	54.7	54.5
Living common-law	7,305	3,635	3,670	7.6	7.6	7.6
Living common law - Never married	4,945	2,485	2,465	5.1	5.2	5.1
Living common law - Separated	450	230	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,710	840	870	1.8	1.7	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	200	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	36,275	18,130	18,150	37.8	37.7	37.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,950	14,160	10,785	26.0	29.5	22.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,230	1,005	1,220	2.3	2.1	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,875	1,970	2,910	5.1	4.1	6.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,225	995	3,230	4.4	2.1	6.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,460	...	...	46.1	...	...
3 persons	6,775	...	...	20.2	...	...
4 persons	7,485	...	...	22.3	...	...
5 or more persons	3,810	...	...	11.4	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,950	...	...	86.3	...	...
Married couples	25,300	...	...	75.4	...	...
With children⁶	14,570	...	...	43.4	...	...
Without children	10,730	...	...	32.0	...	...
Common-law couples	3,650	...	...	10.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,580	...	...	4.7	...	...
Without children	2,070	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,580	...	...	13.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,445	...	...	10.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,135	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,860	58,410	58,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	101,705	51,095	50,610	87.0	87.5	86.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,905	28,905	28,995	49.6	49.5	49.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,580	1,135	3,445	3.9	1.9	5.9
Children⁶	39,215	21,050	18,165	33.6	36.0	31.1
In a two-parent family	31,990	17,000	15,000	27.4	29.1	25.7
In a one-parent family	7,225	4,055	3,170	6.2	6.9	5.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,155	7,315	7,840	13.0	12.5	13.4
Living alone	6,825	3,280	3,545	5.8	5.6	6.1
Living with other relatives⁷	4,145	1,685	2,465	3.5	2.9	4.2
Living with non-relatives only	4,180	2,350	1,830	3.6	4.0	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,035	...	...	62.4	...	...
Couple-family households	21,165	...	...	54.9	...	...
With children⁶	11,695	...	...	30.4	...	...
Without children	9,465	...	...	24.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,875	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	3,420	...	...	8.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	755	...	...	2.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,160	...	...	5.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,325	...	...	3.4	...	...
One-person households	6,830	...	...	17.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,385	46,750	47,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,080	45,055	46,020	96.5	96.4	96.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	49,600	34,000	40,400	49,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,205	45,125	46,080	96.6	96.5	96.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	44,400	31,800	36,800	44,400	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,755	41,035	39,720	85.6	87.8	83.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	47,600	26,600	35,600	47,600	26,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,690	35,250	32,440	71.7	75.4	68.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	49,200	28,200	37,600	49,200	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,600	34,410	40,190	79.0	73.6	84.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,300	7,200	10,800	9,300	7,200	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,080	3,570	5,510	9.6	7.6	11.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	4,960	5,640	5,480	4,960	5,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,605	10,755	12,850	25.0	23.0	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,135	46,795	47,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,885	45,090	45,795	96.5	96.4	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,040	60,350	41,920	51,040	60,350	41,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,005	45,150	45,855	96.7	96.5	96.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,800	50,600	37,080	43,800	50,600	37,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,765	41,115	39,650	85.8	87.9	83.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,400	57,950	36,440	47,400	57,950	36,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,665	35,285	32,380	71.9	75.4	68.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,120	56,850	36,560	47,120	56,850	36,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,345	34,475	39,870	79.0	73.7	84.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,920	9,780	11,900	10,920	9,780	11,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,205	3,555	5,650	9.8	7.6	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,460	5,670	6,960	6,460	5,670	6,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,385	10,695	12,690	24.8	22.9	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,510	8,310	8,680	8,510	8,310	8,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,135	46,795	47,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,555	18,900	12,660	33.5	40.4	26.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	70,500	52,800	62,000	70,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,300	78,200	58,600	70,300	78,200	58,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,750	11,780	14,970	28.4	25.2	31.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	22,200	15,700	18,200	22,200	15,700
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,720	34,160	22,620	27,720	34,160	22,620
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.6	87.6	75.2	82.6	87.6	75.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	68.8	73.8	61.7	68.8	73.8	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.5	12.4	24.7	17.5	12.4	24.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.7	2.1	1.3	0.7	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.1	7.5	5.5	4.1	7.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.3	5.7	4.3	3.3	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,385	46,750	47,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,305	1,685	1,620	3.5	3.6	3.4
With total income	91,080	45,055	46,020	96.5	96.4	96.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,685	3,605	5,075	9.5	8.0	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	11,535	4,670	6,865	12.7	10.4	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,720	5,580	8,145	15.1	12.4	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	11,265	4,545	6,720	12.4	10.1	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	9,640	4,235	5,405	10.6	9.4	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,330	4,115	4,210	9.1	9.1	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,580	3,735	2,845	7.2	8.3	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,115	3,210	1,910	5.6	7.1	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	4,025	2,590	1,435	4.4	5.8	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,120	2,080	1,045	3.4	4.6	2.3
$100,000 and over	9,060	6,690	2,365	9.9	14.8	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	6,385	4,590	1,800	7.0	10.2	3.9
$150,000 and over	2,675	2,110	565	2.9	4.7	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,385	46,750	47,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,185	1,620	1,560	3.4	3.5	3.3
With after-tax income	91,205	45,125	46,080	96.6	96.5	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	9,075	3,775	5,295	10.0	8.4	11.5
$10,000 to $19,999	11,880	4,825	7,050	13.0	10.7	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	15,415	6,275	9,145	16.9	13.9	19.8
$30,000 to $39,999	12,930	5,390	7,540	14.2	11.9	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,200	5,305	5,895	12.3	11.8	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	9,110	5,020	4,095	10.0	11.1	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,480	3,990	2,485	7.1	8.9	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,785	3,090	1,700	5.2	6.8	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,360	2,265	1,095	3.7	5.0	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	1,590	630	2.4	3.5	1.4
$100,000 and over	4,750	3,595	1,155	5.2	8.0	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	2,600	1,910	685	2.9	4.2	1.5
$125,000 and over	2,155	1,685	465	2.4	3.7	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,385	46,750	47,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,695	11,500	15,195	28.3	24.6	31.9
With employment income	67,690	35,250	32,440	71.7	75.4	68.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,790	3,890	4,900	13.0	11.0	15.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,430	2,180	3,255	8.0	6.2	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	8,415	3,435	4,975	12.4	9.8	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,510	2,740	3,775	9.6	7.8	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,195	2,775	3,425	9.2	7.9	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,935	2,850	3,085	8.8	8.1	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,595	2,970	2,625	8.3	8.4	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,630	2,790	1,840	6.8	7.9	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,690	2,445	1,245	5.5	6.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,165	2,175	990	4.7	6.2	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,490	1,705	790	3.7	4.8	2.4
$100,000 and over	6,850	5,305	1,535	10.1	15.1	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,490	2,570	925	5.2	7.3	2.9
$125,000 and over	3,360	2,740	615	5.0	7.8	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,385	46,750	47,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,360	43,645	44,720	93.6	93.4	93.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,800	30,600	38,000	48,800	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,545	43,680	44,875	93.8	93.4	94.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,800	28,200	34,400	42,800	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,725	40,355	39,370	84.5	86.3	82.6
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	48,400	27,400	36,400	48,400	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,850	35,600	33,250	72.9	76.1	69.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	48,400	27,800	36,400	48,400	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,240	24,725	34,520	62.8	52.9	72.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	4,520	7,400	6,650	4,520	7,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,590	2,825	4,765	8.0	6.0	10.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,840	5,760	5,400	4,840	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,135	46,795	47,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,015	43,570	44,445	93.5	93.1	93.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,800	59,400	38,440	48,800	59,400	38,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,230	43,610	44,620	93.7	93.2	94.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,400	49,400	33,600	41,400	49,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,530	40,305	39,220	84.5	86.1	82.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,600	59,150	35,720	47,600	59,150	35,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,665	35,560	33,105	72.9	76.0	69.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,200	56,800	34,840	46,200	56,800	34,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	58,585	24,550	34,030	62.2	52.5	71.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,730	8,290	9,040	8,730	8,290	9,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,560	2,845	4,710	8.0	6.1	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920	5,565	7,740	6,920	5,565	7,740
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,135	46,795	47,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	31,360	18,760	12,595	33.3	40.1	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,400	68,000	48,400	58,400	68,000	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	75,900	53,650	66,900	75,900	53,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,940	10,910	14,030	26.5	23.3	29.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,400	29,000	19,000	22,400	29,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,280	40,960	25,540	32,280	40,960	25,540
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.2	92.2	82.0	88.2	92.2	82.0
Employment income (%)	73.8	78.0	67.4	73.8	78.0	67.4
Government transfers (%)	11.9	7.9	18.0	11.9	7.9	18.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.6	2.1	1.2	0.6	2.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,530	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	120,300	...	...	120,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...	103,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,950	...	...	54,950	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,400	...	...	134,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,700	...	...	115,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	305	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	230	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	530	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	970	...	...	2.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	795	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	870	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	985	...	...	2.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,095	...	...	2.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,075	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,190	...	...	5.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,230	...	...	5.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,220	...	...	5.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,280	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,190	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,415	...	...	53.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,230	...	...	13.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,415	...	...	11.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,655	...	...	14.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,115	...	...	13.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,530	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	245	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	550	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,025	...	...	2.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	910	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	960	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,155	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,290	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,205	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,595	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,650	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,710	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,625	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,570	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,530	...	...	45.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,915	...	...	15.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,270	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,350	...	...	19.1	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	31,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,975	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,000	...	...	123,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,010	5,630	5,375	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	42,000	36,000	38,800	42,000	36,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	38,400	33,600	36,000	38,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	31,015	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,200	...	...	156,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,500	...	...	84,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,900	...	...	74,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	10,880	5,685	5,200	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,440	53,700	44,800	49,440	53,700	44,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,320	44,640	39,800	42,320	44,640	39,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,860	58,410	58,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	27,235	14,145	13,085	23.3	24.2	22.4
0 to 5 years	8,075	4,175	3,895	6.9	7.1	6.7
18 to 64 years	71,110	35,390	35,715	60.9	60.6	61.1
65 years and over	18,520	8,870	9,650	15.8	15.2	16.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,240	3,900	4,345	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,175	1,115	1,055	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	630	335	290	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,265	2,050	2,210	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,805	735	1,070	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.1	6.7	7.4	7.1	6.7	7.4
0 to 17 years (%)	8.0	7.9	8.1	8.0	7.9	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	7.8	8.1	7.5	7.8	8.1	7.5
18 to 64 years (%)	6.0	5.8	6.2	6.0	5.8	6.2
65 years and over (%)	9.8	8.3	11.1	9.8	8.3	11.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	114,990	57,440	57,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	26,840	13,940	12,910	23.3	24.3	22.4
0 to 5 years	7,970	4,120	3,850	6.9	7.2	6.7
18 to 64 years	70,005	34,810	35,195	60.9	60.6	61.2
65 years and over	18,140	8,695	9,450	15.8	15.1	16.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,370	1,745	1,625	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	845	455	395	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	190	115	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,210	1,155	1,060	...	...	...
65 years and over	315	140	180	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.0	2.8	2.9	3.0	2.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	2.4	2.7	2.2	2.4	2.7	2.2
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.6	1.9	1.8	1.6	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,860	58,410	58,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	49,245	24,160	25,085	42.1	41.4	42.9
In bottom decile	8,220	3,990	4,235	7.0	6.8	7.2
In second decile	8,005	3,815	4,195	6.9	6.5	7.2
In third decile	9,660	4,710	4,950	8.3	8.1	8.5
In fourth decile	11,315	5,610	5,705	9.7	9.6	9.8
In fifth decile	12,050	6,040	6,005	10.3	10.3	10.3
In top half of the distribution	67,610	34,250	33,365	57.9	58.6	57.1
In sixth decile	13,455	6,775	6,675	11.5	11.6	11.4
In seventh decile	13,675	6,930	6,745	11.7	11.9	11.5
In eighth decile	14,345	7,230	7,110	12.3	12.4	12.2
In ninth decile	14,230	7,195	7,040	12.2	12.3	12.0
In top decile	11,910	6,115	5,790	10.2	10.5	9.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,860	...	...	116,860	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.292	...	...	0.292	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.385	...	...	0.385	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.262	...	...	0.262	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	117,450	58,710	58,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	106,630	53,945	52,685	90.8	91.9	89.7
French only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,245	2,260	2,985	4.5	3.8	5.1
Neither English nor French	5,550	2,500	3,050	4.7	4.3	5.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	117,450	58,710	58,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	110,995	55,765	55,225	94.5	95.0	94.0
French	710	350	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	270	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	5,475	2,465	3,010	4.7	4.2	5.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	117,450	58,710	58,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	113,750	56,915	56,840	96.8	96.9	96.8
Official languages	83,405	42,010	41,395	71.0	71.6	70.5
English	82,645	41,635	41,010	70.4	70.9	69.8
French	760	375	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official languages	30,345	14,905	15,445	25.8	25.4	26.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	30,320	14,895	15,430	25.8	25.4	26.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	370	210	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	355	200	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	295	170	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	620	290	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	600	285	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	790	340	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	650	275	370	0.6	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25,695	12,730	12,965	21.9	21.7	22.1
Albanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,015	455	555	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	995	450	545	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	295	120	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,820	1,360	1,460	2.4	2.3	2.5
Frisian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,660	800	865	1.4	1.4	1.5
German	1,610	765	845	1.4	1.3	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	990	475	510	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	745	360	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20,360	10,155	10,200	17.3	17.3	17.4
Indo-Aryan languages	20,105	10,025	10,080	17.1	17.1	17.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	430	215	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	19,260	9,605	9,660	16.4	16.4	16.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	255	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,390	695	695	1.2	1.2	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Portuguese	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	845	430	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	785	360	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,145	540	605	1.0	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	1,105	520	585	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	645	285	365	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	385	200	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	220	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	150	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,695	1,795	1,895	3.1	3.1	3.2
English and French	310	145	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	3,130	1,545	1,580	2.7	2.6	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	117,450	58,710	58,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	85,745	43,120	42,620	73.0	73.4	72.6
French	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	12,970	6,375	6,595	11.0	10.9	11.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	12,970	6,375	6,590	11.0	10.9	11.2
English and French	585	255	335	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	17,190	8,520	8,670	14.6	14.5	14.8
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	360	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	455	215	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	117,450	58,710	58,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	113,320	56,695	56,630	96.5	96.6	96.4
Official languages	92,745	46,465	46,280	79.0	79.1	78.8
English	92,575	46,390	46,185	78.8	79.0	78.6
French	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	20,575	10,230	10,350	17.5	17.4	17.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,575	10,230	10,345	17.5	17.4	17.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	180	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	420	200	220	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	410	195	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	300	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	270	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,910	8,920	8,985	15.2	15.2	15.3
Albanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	365	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	355	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	300	140	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	16,690	8,305	8,380	14.2	14.1	14.3
Indo-Aryan languages	16,545	8,240	8,305	14.1	14.0	14.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	16,020	7,980	8,035	13.6	13.6	13.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	505	275	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	375	215	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	635	300	335	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	715	350	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	690	335	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	435	210	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	4,125	2,015	2,110	3.5	3.4	3.6
English and French	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,970	1,940	2,025	3.4	3.3	3.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	117,450	58,710	58,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	102,375	51,305	51,075	87.2	87.4	87.0
English	6,400	3,265	3,140	5.4	5.6	5.3
French	550	240	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	6,565	3,170	3,400	5.6	5.4	5.8
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	6,535	3,155	3,375	5.6	5.4	5.7
English and French	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	760	375	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	180	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	540	255	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	116,685	58,495	58,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	111,295	56,090	55,205	95.4	95.9	94.9
English	111,255	56,075	55,180	95.3	95.9	94.8
French	5,325	2,270	3,055	4.6	3.9	5.3
Non-official languages	37,960	18,630	19,330	32.5	31.8	33.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	37,835	18,570	19,265	32.4	31.7	33.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	500	255	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	490	245	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	435	230	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	785	390	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	730	370	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,020	430	595	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	875	370	510	0.7	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	320	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	32,130	16,035	16,100	27.5	27.4	27.7
Albanian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,235	585	650	1.1	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,190	560	625	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	250	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	485	225	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	150	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,610	1,720	1,890	3.1	2.9	3.2
Frisian	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
High German languages	2,270	1,100	1,170	1.9	1.9	2.0
German	2,235	1,070	1,160	1.9	1.8	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,260	585	680	1.1	1.0	1.2
Afrikaans	230	95	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	890	410	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	220	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	24,690	12,505	12,185	21.2	21.4	20.9
Indo-Aryan languages	24,390	12,335	12,050	20.9	21.1	20.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	3,720	1,880	1,840	3.2	3.2	3.2
Kacchi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	23,380	11,835	11,545	20.0	20.2	19.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	590	305	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	345	200	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	305	175	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	200	110	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,010	1,455	1,555	2.6	2.5	2.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	370	220	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	2,145	995	1,150	1.8	1.7	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	375	145	230	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	915	400	515	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	225	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	240	45	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	205	35	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,330	585	735	1.1	1.0	1.3
Chinese languages	1,285	565	725	1.1	1.0	1.2
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	875	370	505	0.7	0.6	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	550	260	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	155	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	290	160	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	210	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,685	58,500	58,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,790	3,930	3,855	6.7	6.7	6.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,485	3,780	3,700	6.4	6.5	6.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,455	2,175	2,280	3.8	3.7	3.9
Métis	2,990	1,595	1,395	2.6	2.7	2.4
Inuk (Inuit)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,895	54,560	54,330	93.3	93.3	93.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,685	58,500	58,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,745	1,355	1,390	2.4	2.3	2.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	113,940	57,145	56,795	97.6	97.7	97.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,260	...	...	78.5	...	...
Renter	8,040	...	...	20.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,305	...	...	8.6	...	...
Not condominium	35,255	...	...	91.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	2,625	...	...	6.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	7,235	...	...	18.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,925	...	...	28.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	17,615	...	...	45.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,565	...	...	19.6	...	...
5 rooms	4,650	...	...	12.1	...	...
6 rooms	4,865	...	...	12.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,640	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,845	...	...	43.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,040	...	...	96.0	...	...
More than one person per room	1,525	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,190	...	...	93.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,375	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,645	...	...	6.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	8,525	...	...	22.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,980	...	...	18.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,040	...	...	23.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,615	...	...	9.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,885	...	...	7.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,870	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,995	...	...	7.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,720	...	...	95.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,845	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,370	...	...	39.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	19,275	...	...	50.0	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,915	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,565	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	645	...	...	1.7	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,405	...	...	11.4	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,485	...	...	19.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,025	...	...	20.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,175	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,085	...	...	15.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,835	...	...	7.4	...	...
85 years and over	905	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	37,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,505	...	...	79.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,585	...	...	20.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,895	...	...	18.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,560	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,880	...	...	28.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,810	...	...	17.7	...	...
Not suitable only	1,915	...	...	5.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,255	...	...	3.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	315	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	440	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,680	...	...	71.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,575	...	...	7.1	...	...
Not in core need	33,835	...	...	93.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	29,220	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.6	...	...	66.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,800	...	...	1,800	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,830	...	...	1,830	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	957,000	...	...	957,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,975	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.6	...	...	29.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.2	...	...	17.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,364	...	...	1,364	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	265	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	266	...	...	266	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	384	...	...	384	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	116,685	58,495	58,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,535	1,295	1,245	2.2	2.2	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,470	1,265	1,205	2.1	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,065	1,055	1,010	1.8	1.8	1.7
Métis single ancestry	405	210	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,610	2,725	2,885	4.8	4.7	5.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,410	2,610	2,795	4.6	4.5	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,420	1,560	1,855	2.9	2.7	3.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,965	1,035	930	1.7	1.8	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	205	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	205	120	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,535	54,470	54,065	93.0	93.1	92.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	116,685	58,500	58,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	105,735	53,055	52,680	90.6	90.7	90.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	26,305	13,685	12,630	22.5	23.4	21.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,430	39,375	40,055	68.1	67.3	68.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,945	5,440	5,510	9.4	9.3	9.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	116,685	58,500	58,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	87,075	44,105	42,970	74.6	75.4	73.8
Immigrants⁸¹	27,005	12,885	14,115	23.1	22.0	24.3
Before 1980	5,160	2,560	2,600	4.4	4.4	4.5
1980 to 1990	3,155	1,510	1,645	2.7	2.6	2.8
1991 to 2000	5,360	2,445	2,915	4.6	4.2	5.0
2001 to 2010	6,995	3,360	3,635	6.0	5.7	6.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,335	3,010	3,320	5.4	5.1	5.7
2011 to 2015	3,250	1,525	1,720	2.8	2.6	3.0
2016 to 2021	3,080	1,485	1,595	2.6	2.5	2.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,605	1,500	1,105	2.2	2.6	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	27,000	12,885	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,105	1,055	1,050	7.8	8.2	7.4
5 to 14 years	3,800	1,965	1,835	14.1	15.3	13.0
15 to 24 years	7,110	3,055	4,055	26.3	23.7	28.7
25 to 44 years	9,720	4,930	4,790	36.0	38.3	33.9
45 years and over	4,265	1,885	2,385	15.8	14.6	16.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	27,000	12,885	14,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,410	1,070	1,335	8.9	8.3	9.5
Brazil	90	60	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Colombia	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
El Salvador	175	95	75	0.6	0.7	0.5
Guyana	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	40	25	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaica	65	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	190	65	120	0.7	0.5	0.9
Peru	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
United States of America	1,045	490	555	3.9	3.8	3.9
Other places of birth in Americas	595	230	370	2.2	1.8	2.6
Europe	5,675	2,860	2,815	21.0	22.2	19.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatia	70	45	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
France	75	45	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Germany	625	295	325	2.3	2.3	2.3
Greece	55	40	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hungary	120	55	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italy	150	95	60	0.6	0.7	0.4
Netherlands	660	370	290	2.4	2.9	2.1
Poland	210	90	125	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	60	35	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romania	245	120	125	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian Federation	120	60	55	0.4	0.5	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	170	85	85	0.6	0.7	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,275	1,135	1,140	8.4	8.8	8.1
Other places of birth in Europe	765	365	400	2.8	2.8	2.8
Africa	785	370	415	2.9	2.9	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	70	45	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	295	135	160	1.1	1.0	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	275	110	160	1.0	0.9	1.1
Asia	17,720	8,395	9,325	65.6	65.2	66.1
Afghanistan	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	175	110	65	0.6	0.9	0.5
Iraq	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	55	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	70	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	35	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	525	230	295	1.9	1.8	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	45	45	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	600	250	350	2.2	1.9	2.5
Taiwan	120	50	70	0.4	0.4	0.5
Philippines	900	365	540	3.3	2.8	3.8
Viet Nam	500	225	270	1.9	1.7	1.9
Bangladesh	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
India	13,410	6,430	6,980	49.7	49.9	49.5
Pakistan	330	185	150	1.2	1.4	1.1
Sri Lanka	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	755	340	420	2.8	2.6	3.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	415	195	220	1.5	1.5	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	3,080	1,485	1,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	210	120	95	6.8	8.1	6.0
Brazil	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	25	10	20	0.8	0.7	1.3
United States of America	115	80	40	3.7	5.4	2.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	30	20	1.6	2.0	1.3
Europe	225	105	125	7.3	7.1	7.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	10	0	0.6	0.7	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	45	20	20	1.5	1.3	1.3
Russian Federation	20	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.6
Ukraine	30	10	15	1.0	0.7	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	20	20	1.6	1.3	1.3
Other places of birth in Europe	70	30	35	2.3	2.0	2.2
Africa	120	40	75	3.9	2.7	4.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	0	15	0.8	0.0	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	15	30	1.6	1.0	1.9
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	35	10	25	1.1	0.7	1.6
Asia	2,465	1,190	1,280	80.0	80.1	80.3
Afghanistan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	45	15	35	1.5	1.0	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,900	950	950	61.7	64.0	59.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	90	35	55	2.9	2.4	3.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	60	25	35	1.9	1.7	2.2
Philippines	160	80	80	5.2	5.4	5.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	20	30	1.5	1.3	1.9
Turkey	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	65	30	30	2.1	2.0	1.9
Other places of birth in Asia	55	20	40	1.8	1.3	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	60	30	30	1.9	2.0	1.9
Australia	40	25	10	1.3	1.7	0.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.9
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	116,685	58,500	58,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	30,730	14,955	15,775	26.3	25.6	27.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	27,575	14,080	13,495	23.6	24.1	23.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	58,375	29,460	28,920	50.0	50.4	49.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	21,840	10,330	11,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,750	3,325	3,425	30.9	32.2	29.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,715	1,675	1,045	12.4	16.2	9.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,035	1,660	2,380	18.5	16.1	20.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	13,530	6,225	7,310	62.0	60.3	63.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,455	735	720	6.7	7.1	6.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	100	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	21,840	10,330	11,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	425	255	170	1.9	2.5	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,745	875	865	8.0	8.5	7.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	415	205	205	1.9	2.0	1.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	840	385	455	3.8	3.7	4.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	125	30	90	0.6	0.3	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	18,295	8,575	9,720	83.8	83.0	84.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	116,685	58,495	58,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	35,945	17,870	18,080	30.8	30.5	31.1
South Asian	26,360	13,380	12,980	22.6	22.9	22.3
Chinese	1,695	765	930	1.5	1.3	1.6
Black	1,085	540	545	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	1,305	585	720	1.1	1.0	1.2
Arab	360	205	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Latin American	1,020	500	520	0.9	0.9	0.9
Southeast Asian	1,490	690	800	1.3	1.2	1.4
West Asian	330	185	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	940	445	500	0.8	0.8	0.9
Japanese	515	245	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	725	310	420	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	80,740	40,625	40,105	69.2	69.5	68.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	116,685	58,495	58,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	13,100	6,715	6,385	11.2	11.5	11.0
English	23,730	11,745	11,985	20.3	20.1	20.6
Irish	13,930	6,715	7,220	11.9	11.5	12.4
Scottish	17,670	8,775	8,900	15.1	15.0	15.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,670	3,700	3,965	6.6	6.3	6.8
German	15,860	7,955	7,905	13.6	13.6	13.6
Chinese	2,050	925	1,130	1.8	1.6	1.9
Italian	3,170	1,685	1,490	2.7	2.9	2.6
Indian (India)	14,925	7,460	7,470	12.8	12.8	12.8
Ukrainian	5,670	2,600	3,070	4.9	4.4	5.3
Dutch	9,430	4,770	4,660	8.1	8.2	8.0
Polish	3,170	1,630	1,540	2.7	2.8	2.6
Québécois	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,200	2,020	2,180	3.6	3.5	3.7
Filipino	1,230	550	675	1.1	0.9	1.2
French Canadian	860	415	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,005	1,025	980	1.7	1.8	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,335	1,625	1,710	2.9	2.8	2.9
Métis	2,650	1,400	1,250	2.3	2.4	2.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,940	1,430	1,510	2.5	2.4	2.6
Russian	4,055	1,975	2,080	3.5	3.4	3.6
Norwegian	3,700	1,835	1,865	3.2	3.1	3.2
Welsh	2,270	1,065	1,200	1.9	1.8	2.1
Portuguese	485	230	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	1,635	765	870	1.4	1.3	1.5
Spanish	740	335	405	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	2,470	1,275	1,195	2.1	2.2	2.1
Hungarian	1,530	830	700	1.3	1.4	1.2
Acadian	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	485	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	255	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	375	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	7,015	3,605	3,415	6.0	6.2	5.9
Vietnamese	900	460	435	0.8	0.8	0.7
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	430	230	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	595	300	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	515	275	240	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korean	845	385	460	0.7	0.7	0.8
Romanian	810	395	420	0.7	0.7	0.7
Lebanese	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	425	235	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Danish	1,160	565	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	725	340	380	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sikh	4,545	2,315	2,235	3.9	4.0	3.8
Austrian	965	435	535	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belgian	395	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	655	355	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mexican	490	230	265	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	2,000	1,005	995	1.7	1.7	1.7
Swiss	775	410	365	0.7	0.7	0.6
Finnish	855	475	380	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sri Lankan	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	275	145	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	655	310	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,140	560	580	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	755	370	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
Muslim	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	340	145	195	0.3	0.2	0.3
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	660	340	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	515	255	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	205	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	280	155	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	155	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
African Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	310	140	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Australian	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	40	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	120	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	265	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Laotian	285	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ilocano	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	845	415	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ecuadorian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jatt	665	350	320	0.6	0.6	0.5
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	116,685	58,495	58,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	645	280	370	0.6	0.5	0.6
Christian	42,430	19,845	22,585	36.4	33.9	38.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	16,885	8,085	8,795	14.5	13.8	15.1
Anabaptist	2,890	1,365	1,525	2.5	2.3	2.6
Anglican	2,230	940	1,290	1.9	1.6	2.2
Baptist	1,155	560	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catholic	8,595	4,145	4,455	7.4	7.1	7.7
Christian Orthodox	590	290	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	575	245	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	465	200	270	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lutheran	925	410	520	0.8	0.7	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,260	610	650	1.1	1.0	1.1
Presbyterian	710	320	390	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	1,335	665	670	1.1	1.1	1.2
United Church	1,930	730	1,195	1.7	1.2	2.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,685	1,230	1,460	2.3	2.1	2.5
Hindu	1,965	970	1,000	1.7	1.7	1.7
Jewish	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,125	605	515	1.0	1.0	0.9
Sikh	21,865	11,095	10,770	18.7	19.0	18.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	430	210	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	695	330	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	47,440	25,110	22,335	40.7	42.9	38.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	115,480	57,930	57,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,400	50,985	50,415	87.8	88.0	87.6
Movers	14,075	6,945	7,130	12.2	12.0	12.4
Non-migrants	8,015	3,925	4,095	6.9	6.8	7.1
Migrants	6,060	3,025	3,040	5.2	5.2	5.3
Internal migrants	5,420	2,670	2,755	4.7	4.6	4.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,660	2,285	2,380	4.0	3.9	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	760	385	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
External migrants	640	355	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,040	55,055	54,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,445	32,230	32,215	58.6	58.5	58.6
Movers	45,595	22,820	22,775	41.4	41.4	41.4
Non-migrants	20,020	9,835	10,185	18.2	17.9	18.5
Migrants	25,575	12,990	12,590	23.2	23.6	22.9
Internal migrants	21,560	10,815	10,740	19.6	19.6	19.5
Intraprovincial migrants	18,740	9,355	9,385	17.0	17.0	17.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,820	1,460	1,360	2.6	2.7	2.5
External migrants	4,015	2,175	1,840	3.6	4.0	3.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,130	46,795	47,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,875	10,210	8,665	20.1	21.8	18.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	75,255	36,585	38,675	79.9	78.2	81.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,990	30,155	30,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,370	4,935	3,430	13.7	16.4	11.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	52,620	25,220	27,400	86.3	83.6	88.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,130	46,795	47,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,025	9,015	8,005	18.1	19.3	16.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,845	16,635	16,215	34.9	35.5	34.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,255	21,140	23,115	47.0	45.2	48.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	27,595	13,920	13,675	29.3	29.7	28.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,945	6,210	1,735	8.4	13.3	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,300	2,080	1,215	3.5	4.4	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,645	4,130	520	4.9	8.8	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,155	5,950	9,205	16.1	12.7	19.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,490	1,760	2,735	4.8	3.8	5.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	16,665	7,225	9,440	17.7	15.4	19.9
Bachelor's degree	10,940	4,640	6,295	11.6	9.9	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,400	450	950	1.5	1.0	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	480	290	185	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	3,460	1,605	1,860	3.7	3.4	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	390	240	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	60,990	30,155	30,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,230	4,205	3,025	11.9	13.9	9.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,250	10,465	9,780	33.2	34.7	31.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,515	15,485	18,030	55.0	51.4	58.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,270	10,035	10,235	33.2	33.3	33.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,720	4,495	1,225	9.4	14.9	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,325	1,450	875	3.8	4.8	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,395	3,045	350	5.6	10.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,330	4,290	7,035	18.6	14.2	22.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,225	1,250	1,975	5.3	4.1	6.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,240	5,450	7,795	21.7	18.1	25.3
Bachelor's degree	8,700	3,590	5,105	14.3	11.9	16.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,145	330	815	1.9	1.1	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	355	210	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	2,780	1,165	1,620	4.6	3.9	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	255	155	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,130	46,795	47,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	49,870	25,650	24,215	53.0	54.8	51.2
Education	3,660	915	2,740	3.9	2.0	5.8
13. Education	3,660	915	2,740	3.9	2.0	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,250	585	665	1.3	1.3	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	175	145	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,075	440	635	1.1	0.9	1.3
Humanities	3,425	1,465	1,960	3.6	3.1	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	250	60	200	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	445	105	345	0.5	0.2	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,475	615	855	1.6	1.3	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	205	125	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	615	390	220	0.7	0.8	0.5
54. History	325	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,370	1,330	3,040	4.6	2.8	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	940	85	855	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	720	190	530	0.8	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	750	200	555	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,645	735	910	1.7	1.6	1.9
Business, management and public administration	8,265	3,235	5,035	8.8	6.9	10.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	715	170	545	0.8	0.4	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,540	3,060	4,480	8.0	6.5	9.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,325	610	715	1.4	1.3	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	520	205	315	0.6	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	230	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	245	150	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	80	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,385	865	515	1.5	1.8	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,125	770	355	1.2	1.6	0.7
25. Library science	115	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	135	85	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,140	8,630	510	9.7	18.4	1.1
04. Architecture and related services	140	110	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,165	1,020	145	1.2	2.2	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,635	1,485	145	1.7	3.2	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,780	2,725	60	3.0	5.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,105	2,040	65	2.2	4.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,310	1,255	60	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,250	690	565	1.3	1.5	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	985	500	485	1.0	1.1	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	190	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	7,275	1,355	5,915	7.7	2.9	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	530	240	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,610	1,020	5,585	7.0	2.2	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	85	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,910	1,460	1,450	3.1	3.1	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,575	400	1,170	1.7	0.9	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	615	400	215	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	705	645	60	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	60,990	30,160	30,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,475	14,670	12,805	45.0	48.6	41.5
Education	2,735	615	2,120	4.5	2.0	6.9
13. Education	2,735	615	2,120	4.5	2.0	6.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	915	410	500	1.5	1.4	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	90	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	800	320	480	1.3	1.1	1.6
Humanities	2,590	1,085	1,510	4.2	3.6	4.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	55	175	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	325	70	255	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,130	465	665	1.9	1.5	2.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160	100	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	410	255	155	0.7	0.8	0.5
54. History	270	120	150	0.4	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,480	970	2,510	5.7	3.2	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	70	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	60	715	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	585	140	445	1.0	0.5	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	580	145	440	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,290	535	765	2.1	1.8	2.5
Business, management and public administration	6,410	2,425	3,985	10.5	8.0	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	560	110	445	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,845	2,310	3,535	9.6	7.7	11.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	950	440	510	1.6	1.5	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	370	135	230	0.6	0.4	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	340	185	155	0.6	0.6	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	165	100	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,150	715	435	1.9	2.4	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	980	660	320	1.6	2.2	1.0
25. Library science	85	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,630	6,240	390	10.9	20.7	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	115	85	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	875	755	120	1.4	2.5	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,165	1,050	115	1.9	3.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,020	1,975	45	3.3	6.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,480	1,445	40	2.4	4.8	0.1
48. Precision production	965	935	35	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	925	485	435	1.5	1.6	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	730	365	360	1.2	1.2	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	195	125	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	5,495	1,010	4,485	9.0	3.3	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	390	175	215	0.6	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,015	775	4,240	8.2	2.6	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,230	1,090	1,145	3.7	3.6	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,190	285	910	2.0	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	475	285	190	0.8	0.9	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	555	505	50	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	60,990	30,160	30,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,475	14,670	12,805	45.0	48.6	41.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,515	15,485	18,025	55.0	51.3	58.5
Location of study inside Canada	27,060	12,465	14,600	44.4	41.3	47.3
Same as province or territory of residence	23,215	10,535	12,675	38.1	34.9	41.1
Different than province or territory of residence	3,855	1,925	1,925	6.3	6.4	6.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,450	3,025	3,430	10.6	10.0	11.1
Americas	1,175	585	590	1.9	1.9	1.9
United States of America	915	455	460	1.5	1.5	1.5
Mexico	115	75	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,135	555	580	1.9	1.8	1.9
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	495	275	220	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	215	110	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	3,785	1,690	2,090	6.2	5.6	6.8
Iran⁸⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	60	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	240	75	165	0.4	0.2	0.5
Philippines	370	165	205	0.6	0.5	0.7
Viet Nam	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	2,665	1,250	1,415	4.4	4.1	4.6
Pakistan	95	55	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	100	25	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	140	80	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Zealand	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,135	46,795	47,335	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,240	33,065	29,170	...	...	...
Employed	58,050	30,990	27,060	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,190	2,080	2,110	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	31,890	13,730	18,165	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.1	70.7	61.6	66.1	70.7	61.6
Employment rate	61.7	66.2	57.2	61.7	66.2	57.2
Unemployment rate	6.7	6.3	7.2	6.7	6.3	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,135	46,795	47,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,795	14,415	18,385	34.8	30.8	38.8
Worked	61,330	32,380	28,950	65.2	69.2	61.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	32,850	19,715	13,135	34.9	42.1	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,480	12,665	15,815	30.3	27.1	33.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	43.1	40.2	41.7	43.1	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,240	33,070	29,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	990	505	480	1.6	1.5	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,255	32,565	28,690	98.4	98.5	98.4
Employee	50,230	25,350	24,880	80.7	76.7	85.3
Permanent position	43,190	22,350	20,835	69.4	67.6	71.4
Temporary position	7,040	3,000	4,035	11.3	9.1	13.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,025	860	1,160	3.3	2.6	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,020	2,140	2,875	8.1	6.5	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,020	7,210	3,810	17.7	21.8	13.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,240	33,070	29,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	990	505	480	1.6	1.5	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,255	32,565	28,690	98.4	98.5	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	580	425	155	0.9	1.3	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,800	2,355	6,440	14.1	7.1	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,565	2,020	545	4.1	6.1	1.9
3 Health occupations	4,385	945	3,445	7.0	2.9	11.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,660	2,495	5,160	12.3	7.5	17.7
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,465	665	800	2.4	2.0	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	14,270	5,830	8,435	22.9	17.6	28.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	14,625	13,515	1,110	23.5	40.9	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,495	2,095	1,400	5.6	6.3	4.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,420	2,220	1,200	5.5	6.7	4.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,240	33,070	29,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	990	505	480	1.6	1.5	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	61,255	32,565	28,690	98.4	98.5	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	3,875	2,145	1,730	6.2	6.5	5.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	175	140	35	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	220	185	35	0.4	0.6	0.1
23 Construction	7,270	6,315	955	11.7	19.1	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	5,285	3,670	1,605	8.5	11.1	5.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,225	1,605	620	3.6	4.9	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,790	3,095	3,695	10.9	9.4	12.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	4,520	3,695	820	7.3	11.2	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	790	505	285	1.3	1.5	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,635	655	975	2.6	2.0	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	945	520	425	1.5	1.6	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,935	1,400	1,535	4.7	4.2	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	120	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,485	1,415	1,065	4.0	4.3	3.7
61 Educational services	4,465	1,280	3,185	7.2	3.9	10.9
62 Health care and social assistance	7,035	1,370	5,665	11.3	4.1	19.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	965	390	580	1.6	1.2	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,485	1,145	2,340	5.6	3.5	8.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,940	1,355	1,585	4.7	4.1	5.4
91 Public administration	3,090	1,620	1,470	5.0	4.9	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,870	35,185	31,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	59,790	31,305	28,485	89.4	89.0	89.9
French	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,155	1,205	950	3.2	3.4	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,155	1,205	950	3.2	3.4	3.0
English and French	310	95	215	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	4,500	2,540	1,960	6.7	7.2	6.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,870	35,185	31,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,760	34,565	31,195	98.3	98.2	98.5
Official languages	62,490	32,660	29,830	93.4	92.8	94.1
English	62,380	32,635	29,750	93.3	92.8	93.9
French	105	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	3,270	1,905	1,370	4.9	5.4	4.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,270	1,905	1,370	4.9	5.4	4.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,990	1,775	1,210	4.5	5.0	3.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,845	1,660	1,185	4.3	4.7	3.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,830	1,650	1,180	4.2	4.7	3.7
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,830	1,650	1,180	4.2	4.7	3.7
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	140	115	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	140	115	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	110	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,110	620	485	1.7	1.8	1.5
English and French	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,065	615	445	1.6	1.7	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,870	35,185	31,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	63,085	33,135	29,950	94.3	94.2	94.5
English	1,100	680	420	1.6	1.9	1.3
French	220	75	150	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official language	2,240	1,190	1,045	3.3	3.4	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,230	1,190	1,040	3.3	3.4	3.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,050	30,990	27,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,600	3,930	4,675	14.8	12.7	17.3
Worked outside Canada	155	130	30	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	11,230	8,480	2,750	19.3	27.4	10.2
Usual place of work	38,065	18,455	19,605	65.6	59.6	72.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,065	18,455	19,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,815	8,525	12,295	54.7	46.2	62.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,300	2,960	3,335	16.6	16.0	17.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	10,860	6,920	3,940	28.5	37.5	20.1
Commute to a different province or territory	90	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,295	26,935	22,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	45,955	25,400	20,555	93.2	94.3	91.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	42,165	23,575	18,595	85.5	87.5	83.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,785	1,825	1,965	7.7	6.8	8.8
Public transit	870	350	520	1.8	1.3	2.3
Walked	1,380	610	770	2.8	2.3	3.4
Bicycle	150	125	25	0.3	0.5	0.1
Other method	940	455	480	1.9	1.7	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,295	26,935	22,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,275	6,355	8,915	31.0	23.6	39.9
15 to 29 minutes	15,600	7,970	7,630	31.6	29.6	34.1
30 to 44 minutes	8,235	5,140	3,095	16.7	19.1	13.8
45 to 59 minutes	4,525	3,055	1,475	9.2	11.3	6.6
60 minutes and over	5,655	4,410	1,250	11.5	16.4	5.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,295	26,935	22,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	5,065	3,745	1,320	10.3	13.9	5.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	9,360	6,295	3,065	19.0	23.4	13.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,565	6,035	5,530	23.5	22.4	24.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,110	3,900	5,205	18.5	14.5	23.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,270	2,570	3,700	12.7	9.5	16.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,925	4,385	3,535	16.1	16.3	15.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	27,760	14,430	13,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,220	600	615	4.4	4.2	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	26,540	13,825	12,715	95.6	95.8	95.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	20,725	10,815	9,910	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	975	475	500	4.7	4.4	5.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	490	230	260	2.4	2.1	2.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	480	245	235	2.3	2.3	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,755	10,340	9,410	95.3	95.6	95.0

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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