Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	KelownaMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	105,715	51,355	54,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,685	6,870	6,815	12.9	13.4	12.5
0 to 4 years	4,180	2,120	2,060	4.0	4.1	3.8
5 to 9 years	4,750	2,375	2,375	4.5	4.6	4.4
10 to 14 years	4,760	2,380	2,375	4.5	4.6	4.4
15 to 64 years	68,910	34,335	34,580	65.2	66.9	63.6
15 to 19 years	4,975	2,585	2,390	4.7	5.0	4.4
20 to 24 years	7,970	4,160	3,815	7.5	8.1	7.0
25 to 29 years	8,315	4,260	4,055	7.9	8.3	7.5
30 to 34 years	8,000	4,025	3,975	7.6	7.8	7.3
35 to 39 years	7,370	3,755	3,615	7.0	7.3	6.7
40 to 44 years	6,290	3,105	3,185	5.9	6.0	5.9
45 to 49 years	5,805	2,915	2,885	5.5	5.7	5.3
50 to 54 years	6,155	2,945	3,205	5.8	5.7	5.9
55 to 59 years	6,940	3,270	3,670	6.6	6.4	6.8
60 to 64 years	7,095	3,305	3,795	6.7	6.4	7.0
65 years and over	23,120	10,155	12,970	21.9	19.8	23.9
65 to 69 years	6,150	2,805	3,350	5.8	5.5	6.2
70 to 74 years	5,535	2,575	2,955	5.2	5.0	5.4
75 to 79 years	4,145	1,875	2,270	3.9	3.7	4.2
80 to 84 years	3,315	1,410	1,905	3.1	2.7	3.5
85 years and over	3,980	1,490	2,495	3.8	2.9	4.6
85 to 89 years	2,380	935	1,445	2.3	1.8	2.7
90 to 94 years	1,225	470	765	1.2	0.9	1.4
95 to 99 years	305	75	230	0.3	0.1	0.4
100 years and over	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.9	13.4	12.5	12.9	13.4	12.5
15 to 64 years	65.2	66.9	63.6	65.2	66.9	63.6
65 years and over	21.9	19.8	23.9	21.9	19.8	23.9
85 years and over	3.8	2.9	4.6	3.8	2.9	4.6
Average age of the population	43.6	42.3	44.9	43.6	42.3	44.9
Median age of the population	42.0	40.0	44.0	42.0	40.0	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	17,530	...	...	37.9	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,460	...	...	5.3	...	...
Row house	4,265	...	...	9.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,340	...	...	11.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	14,070	...	...	30.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,090	...	...	4.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	465	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	15,080	...	...	32.6	...	...
2 persons	17,515	...	...	37.8	...	...
3 persons	6,075	...	...	13.1	...	...
4 persons	4,805	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	2,815	...	...	6.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,260	50,245	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	92,035	44,490	47,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	49,580	24,805	24,770	53.9	55.8	52.1
Married	38,940	19,460	19,480	42.3	43.7	41.0
Living common-law	10,640	5,345	5,295	11.6	12.0	11.1
Living common law - Never married	7,810	3,950	3,865	8.5	8.9	8.1
Living common law - Separated	440	220	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,130	1,080	1,055	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	255	100	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	42,455	19,685	22,775	46.1	44.2	47.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	26,765	14,770	11,995	29.1	33.2	25.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,535	1,065	1,475	2.8	2.4	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,370	2,655	4,715	8.0	6.0	9.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,785	1,195	4,595	6.3	2.7	9.7
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	28,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,385	...	...	60.9	...	...
3 persons	5,230	...	...	18.3	...	...
4 persons	4,405	...	...	15.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,520	...	...	5.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	28,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,125	...	...	84.5	...	...
Married couples	18,810	...	...	65.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,255	...	...	28.9	...	...
Without children	10,560	...	...	37.0	...	...
Common-law couples	5,315	...	...	18.6	...	...
With children⁶	1,375	...	...	4.8	...	...
Without children	3,945	...	...	13.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,415	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,410	...	...	11.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,005	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,260	50,245	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	76,175	37,495	38,680	73.8	74.6	73.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	48,255	24,140	24,115	46.7	48.0	45.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,415	1,005	3,410	4.3	2.0	6.4
Children⁶	23,510	12,350	11,150	22.8	24.6	21.0
In a two-parent family	17,100	8,955	8,145	16.6	17.8	15.4
In a one-parent family	6,410	3,400	3,005	6.2	6.8	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	27,085	12,750	14,335	26.2	25.4	27.0
Living alone	15,080	6,215	8,865	14.6	12.4	16.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,620	1,210	1,410	2.5	2.4	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	9,380	5,325	4,055	9.1	10.6	7.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	24,275	...	...	52.4	...	...
Couple-family households	20,880	...	...	45.1	...	...
With children⁶	8,180	...	...	17.7	...	...
Without children	12,695	...	...	27.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,395	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,010	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,955	...	...	4.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	3,595	...	...	7.8	...	...
One-person households	15,080	...	...	32.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	89,580	43,380	46,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,635	42,425	45,210	97.8	97.8	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,200	36,400	40,400	45,200	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	87,685	42,455	45,230	97.9	97.9	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,080	39,135	40,945	89.4	90.2	88.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,400	27,400	33,200	40,400	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,880	31,855	31,025	70.2	73.4	67.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	41,200	29,600	34,800	41,200	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,535	34,375	40,155	83.2	79.2	86.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,000	11,300	10,200	9,000	11,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,835	4,265	4,570	9.9	9.8	9.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,845	11,675	13,165	27.7	26.9	28.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	89,255	43,160	46,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,370	42,240	45,130	97.9	97.9	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,800	57,450	44,600	50,800	57,450	44,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	87,400	42,260	45,140	97.9	97.9	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560	48,240	39,160	43,560	48,240	39,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	79,640	38,930	40,705	89.2	90.2	88.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,400	53,350	37,760	45,400	53,350	37,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,710	31,785	30,920	70.3	73.6	67.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,360	50,920	37,600	44,360	50,920	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,480	34,430	40,050	83.4	79.8	86.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,080	10,180	11,850	11,080	10,180	11,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,640	4,310	4,330	9.7	10.0	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,490	6,245	6,730	6,490	6,245	6,730
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,645	11,540	13,110	27.6	26.7	28.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,370	8,680	8,540	8,370	8,680
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	89,255	43,160	46,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,965	15,550	12,415	31.3	36.0	26.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	63,200	54,400	58,800	63,200	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600	73,300	60,400	67,600	73,300	60,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,060	12,525	14,530	30.3	29.0	31.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,000	17,800	19,000	21,000	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,440	31,760	23,720	27,440	31,760	23,720
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4	85.6	76.4	81.4	85.6	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.7	66.8	57.8	62.7	66.8	57.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.6	14.4	23.6	18.6	14.4	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	4.8	7.2	5.9	4.8	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.7	4.7	4.0	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	89,580	43,380	46,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,950	955	995	2.2	2.2	2.2
With total income	87,635	42,425	45,210	97.8	97.8	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,380	2,925	3,455	7.3	6.9	7.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,020	4,135	5,885	11.4	9.8	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	14,710	6,190	8,520	16.8	14.6	18.8
$30,000 to $39,999	12,405	5,315	7,100	14.2	12.5	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	10,645	4,840	5,800	12.1	11.4	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	8,635	4,195	4,440	9.9	9.9	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,375	3,395	2,980	7.3	8.0	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,880	2,775	2,105	5.6	6.5	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,590	2,100	1,495	4.1	4.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,570	1,560	1,015	2.9	3.7	2.2
$100,000 and over	7,420	4,995	2,425	8.5	11.8	5.4
$100,000 to $149,999	5,015	3,235	1,780	5.7	7.6	3.9
$150,000 and over	2,405	1,765	640	2.7	4.2	1.4
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	89,580	43,380	46,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,895	920	975	2.1	2.1	2.1
With after-tax income	87,685	42,455	45,230	97.9	97.9	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,720	3,045	3,675	7.7	7.2	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,410	4,315	6,095	11.9	10.2	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	16,680	7,060	9,620	19.0	16.6	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	14,220	6,260	7,960	16.2	14.8	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	12,160	5,735	6,425	13.9	13.5	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,820	4,610	4,210	10.1	10.9	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	6,165	3,510	2,655	7.0	8.3	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,085	2,390	1,695	4.7	5.6	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,725	1,625	1,095	3.1	3.8	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,675	1,075	595	1.9	2.5	1.3
$100,000 and over	4,025	2,835	1,190	4.6	6.7	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,050	1,360	680	2.3	3.2	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,980	1,470	510	2.3	3.5	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	89,580	43,380	46,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	26,700	11,525	15,175	29.8	26.6	32.9
With employment income	62,880	31,855	31,025	70.2	73.4	67.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,415	3,885	4,530	13.4	12.2	14.6
$5,000 to $9,999	5,110	2,210	2,900	8.1	6.9	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	8,130	3,620	4,510	12.9	11.4	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	6,675	2,955	3,725	10.6	9.3	12.0
$30,000 to $39,999	6,240	2,925	3,310	9.9	9.2	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	6,040	2,930	3,115	9.6	9.2	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	5,260	2,720	2,545	8.4	8.5	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,180	2,365	1,820	6.7	7.4	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,360	2,005	1,360	5.3	6.3	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,515	1,520	995	4.0	4.8	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,845	1,125	715	2.9	3.5	2.3
$100,000 and over	5,105	3,595	1,505	8.1	11.3	4.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,575	1,665	900	4.1	5.2	2.9
$125,000 and over	2,535	1,930	605	4.0	6.1	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	89,580	43,380	46,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,560	41,235	44,325	95.5	95.1	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,000	33,200	37,600	44,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	85,655	41,255	44,400	95.6	95.1	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	30,400	34,000	38,800	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,285	38,615	40,670	88.5	89.0	88.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	41,600	28,800	34,400	41,600	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,865	32,560	32,300	72.4	75.1	69.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,400	29,200	34,000	40,400	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,625	26,330	34,295	67.7	60.7	74.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,650	4,960	7,400	6,650	4,960	7,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,350	3,030	3,315	7.1	7.0	7.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,320	5,720	5,520	5,320	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	89,255	43,160	46,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,415	41,190	44,230	95.7	95.4	96.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,240	55,900	41,120	48,240	55,900	41,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	85,540	41,215	44,325	95.8	95.5	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,840	46,360	35,680	40,840	46,360	35,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,165	38,595	40,565	88.7	89.4	88.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,520	54,150	37,320	45,520	54,150	37,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,790	32,485	32,300	72.6	75.3	70.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,160	50,600	35,680	43,160	50,600	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,215	26,060	34,150	67.5	60.4	74.1
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	8,170	8,930	8,600	8,170	8,930
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,535	3,270	3,265	7.3	7.6	7.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	6,280	7,410	6,840	6,280	7,410
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	89,255	43,160	46,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,670	15,340	12,335	31.0	35.5	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,800	60,000	49,600	54,800	60,000	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	69,700	54,700	63,000	69,700	54,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,945	11,915	14,035	29.1	27.6	30.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	27,200	21,200	23,800	27,200	21,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,120	38,000	27,120	32,120	38,000	27,120
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.4	90.8	83.2	87.4	90.8	83.2
Employment income (%)	67.8	71.4	63.4	67.8	71.4	63.4
Government transfers (%)	12.6	9.2	16.8	12.6	9.2	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,290	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	15,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...	96,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,400	...	...	82,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	15,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,700	...	...	51,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,240	...	...	44,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,075	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	117,800	...	...	117,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	615	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	465	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	935	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,075	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,730	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,620	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,905	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,905	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,795	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,695	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,475	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,255	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,965	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,705	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,860	...	...	36.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,315	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,890	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,275	...	...	9.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,390	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,290	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	695	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	480	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	985	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,185	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,995	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,830	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,170	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,190	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,155	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,205	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,960	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,660	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,250	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,665	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,565	...	...	29.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,385	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,335	...	...	7.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,840	...	...	10.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	28,350	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,420	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,140	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	24,460	11,540	12,925	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	38,400	35,600	37,200	38,400	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	35,200	33,200	34,000	35,200	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	28,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...	117,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,400	...	...	100,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,440	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,600	...	...	106,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,200	...	...	149,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,500	...	...	80,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	24,335	11,475	12,865	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,080	47,640	44,720	46,080	47,640	44,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	40,880	39,200	40,000	40,880	39,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,260	50,245	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,465	8,270	8,190	15.9	16.5	15.4
0 to 5 years	5,105	2,575	2,530	4.9	5.1	4.8
18 to 64 years	65,530	32,515	33,015	63.5	64.7	62.3
65 years and over	21,265	9,460	11,810	20.6	18.8	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,065	4,980	6,085	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,900	940	960	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	595	300	290	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,180	3,055	3,125	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,985	985	2,000	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.7	9.9	11.5	10.7	9.9	11.5
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.4	11.7	11.5	11.4	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	11.6	11.5	11.6	11.6	11.5
18 to 64 years (%)	9.4	9.4	9.5	9.4	9.4	9.5
65 years and over (%)	14.1	10.4	17.0	14.1	10.4	17.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	103,260	50,245	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,465	8,270	8,190	15.9	16.5	15.4
0 to 5 years	5,105	2,575	2,530	4.9	5.1	4.8
18 to 64 years	65,530	32,515	33,015	63.5	64.7	62.3
65 years and over	21,265	9,460	11,805	20.6	18.8	22.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	5,270	2,795	2,475	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	705	355	350	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	185	90	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,160	2,260	1,900	...	...	...
65 years and over	400	180	220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.1	5.6	4.7	5.1	5.6	4.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.6	3.4	3.9	3.6	3.4	3.9
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	7.0	5.8	6.4	7.0	5.8
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,260	50,245	53,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	53,630	25,250	28,380	51.9	50.3	53.5
In bottom decile	11,410	5,470	5,940	11.0	10.9	11.2
In second decile	10,910	4,845	6,070	10.6	9.6	11.4
In third decile	10,445	4,930	5,515	10.1	9.8	10.4
In fourth decile	10,175	4,810	5,365	9.9	9.6	10.1
In fifth decile	10,695	5,195	5,490	10.4	10.3	10.4
In top half of the distribution	49,630	24,995	24,635	48.1	49.7	46.5
In sixth decile	10,525	5,250	5,275	10.2	10.4	10.0
In seventh decile	10,220	5,095	5,130	9.9	10.1	9.7
In eighth decile	10,260	5,170	5,095	9.9	10.3	9.6
In ninth decile	9,770	4,915	4,855	9.5	9.8	9.2
In top decile	8,860	4,575	4,285	8.6	9.1	8.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,260	...	...	103,260	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.426	...	...	0.426	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	104,010	50,615	53,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	95,995	46,930	49,060	92.3	92.7	91.9
French only	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,065	3,255	3,815	6.8	6.4	7.1
Neither English nor French	915	415	500	0.9	0.8	0.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	104,010	50,615	53,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	101,510	49,455	52,055	97.6	97.7	97.5
French	1,415	665	755	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	885	400	490	0.9	0.8	0.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	104,010	50,615	53,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,625	49,420	52,210	97.7	97.6	97.8
Official languages	86,830	42,470	44,365	83.5	83.9	83.1
English	85,320	41,775	43,545	82.0	82.5	81.6
French	1,515	695	820	1.5	1.4	1.5
Non-official languages	14,795	6,950	7,845	14.2	13.7	14.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,765	6,935	7,830	14.2	13.7	14.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	555	300	255	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	540	285	250	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	500	275	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	305	120	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	290	115	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,270	515	755	1.2	1.0	1.4
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	990	395	595	1.0	0.8	1.1
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	80	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,105	4,845	5,255	9.7	9.6	9.8
Albanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,770	780	985	1.7	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,755	780	980	1.7	1.5	1.8
Belarusian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	315	135	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	485	210	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	295	150	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	365	145	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,690	1,215	1,475	2.6	2.4	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,060	910	1,145	2.0	1.8	2.1
German	1,990	885	1,105	1.9	1.7	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	500	250	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	355	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,665	1,895	1,765	3.5	3.7	3.3
Indo-Aryan languages	3,300	1,695	1,605	3.2	3.3	3.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	275	150	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,630	1,325	1,305	2.5	2.6	2.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	365	200	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	325	180	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	275	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,855	885	965	1.8	1.7	1.8
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	370	175	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	150	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	900	425	475	0.9	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	235	80	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	390	180	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,165	550	620	1.1	1.1	1.2
Chinese languages	1,160	545	615	1.1	1.1	1.2
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	700	330	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	405	185	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	360	160	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,380	1,200	1,185	2.3	2.4	2.2
English and French	400	215	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,745	875	875	1.7	1.7	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	104,010	50,615	53,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	89,330	43,590	45,735	85.9	86.1	85.7
French	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,360	1,655	1,705	3.2	3.3	3.2
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,355	1,650	1,700	3.2	3.3	3.2
English and French	975	450	530	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	9,550	4,535	5,015	9.2	9.0	9.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	280	135	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	104,010	50,615	53,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	101,880	49,585	52,295	98.0	98.0	97.9
Official languages	95,205	46,295	48,910	91.5	91.5	91.6
English	94,865	46,130	48,730	91.2	91.1	91.3
French	345	165	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	6,675	3,290	3,385	6.4	6.5	6.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,670	3,285	3,385	6.4	6.5	6.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	355	180	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	350	180	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	340	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	640	290	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	530	245	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,150	2,080	2,070	4.0	4.1	3.9
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	495	235	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	490	230	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	355	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	275	135	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	255	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,530	1,300	1,230	2.4	2.6	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,345	1,190	1,155	2.3	2.4	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,975	990	980	1.9	2.0	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	165	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	145	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	730	360	375	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Romanian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	415	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	275	130	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	705	360	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
Chinese languages	705	360	345	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	465	235	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,130	1,030	1,095	2.0	2.0	2.1
English and French	150	80	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,905	915	990	1.8	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	104,010	50,615	53,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	94,685	46,220	48,465	91.0	91.3	90.8
English	2,765	1,365	1,400	2.7	2.7	2.6
French	770	350	425	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	4,690	2,145	2,545	4.5	4.2	4.8
Indigenous³⁹	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,655	2,130	2,525	4.5	4.2	4.7
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	390	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	165	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	510	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	102,790	49,935	52,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	101,890	49,525	52,365	99.1	99.2	99.1
English	101,855	49,505	52,345	99.1	99.1	99.0
French	6,885	3,185	3,700	6.7	6.4	7.0
Non-official languages	20,275	9,455	10,825	19.7	18.9	20.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,215	9,420	10,795	19.7	18.9	20.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	685	380	310	0.7	0.8	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	675	365	310	0.7	0.7	0.6
Amharic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	595	320	270	0.6	0.6	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	380	190	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,655	645	1,015	1.6	1.3	1.9
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	150	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,525	575	950	1.5	1.2	1.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	210	125	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	14,345	6,755	7,595	14.0	13.5	14.4
Albanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,540	1,105	1,435	2.5	2.2	2.7
Baltic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,535	1,105	1,435	2.5	2.2	2.7
Belarusian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Polish	595	240	350	0.6	0.5	0.7
Russian	980	455	520	1.0	0.9	1.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	400	200	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	255	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbian	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	550	230	320	0.5	0.5	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,715	1,705	2,010	3.6	3.4	3.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,815	1,320	1,500	2.7	2.6	2.8
German	2,770	1,295	1,470	2.7	2.6	2.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	680	345	340	0.7	0.7	0.6
Afrikaans	175	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	470	220	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	295	85	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Danish	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	145	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,935	2,510	2,425	4.8	5.0	4.6
Indo-Aryan languages	4,505	2,275	2,230	4.4	4.6	4.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	105	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,670	870	805	1.6	1.7	1.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,455	1,720	1,740	3.4	3.4	3.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	340	185	155	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	445	245	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	440	240	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Dari	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	350	190	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,610	1,630	1,975	3.5	3.3	3.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	730	330	405	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	490	240	250	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,420	1,070	1,355	2.4	2.1	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	465	230	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Korean	460	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	60	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	265	100	165	0.3	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	240	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,345	635	710	1.3	1.3	1.3
Chinese languages	1,330	625	700	1.3	1.3	1.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,020	510	510	1.0	1.0	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	460	190	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	410	180	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	305	140	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	102,785	49,940	52,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	6,330	2,870	3,460	6.2	5.7	6.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,050	2,745	3,300	5.9	5.5	6.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,740	1,275	1,470	2.7	2.6	2.8
Métis	3,295	1,470	1,820	3.2	2.9	3.4
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	175	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	96,460	47,070	49,395	93.8	94.3	93.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	102,785	49,940	52,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,700	780	920	1.7	1.6	1.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	101,085	49,155	51,930	98.3	98.4	98.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,105	...	...	63.0	...	...
Renter	17,070	...	...	37.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	14,585	...	...	31.6	...	...
Not condominium	31,585	...	...	68.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	675	...	...	1.5	...	...
1 bedroom	6,500	...	...	14.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,545	...	...	35.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,065	...	...	24.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,390	...	...	24.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,775	...	...	36.3	...	...
5 rooms	7,305	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,800	...	...	12.6	...	...
7 rooms	4,675	...	...	10.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,615	...	...	25.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,545	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	625	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,345	...	...	96.0	...	...
Not suitable	1,835	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,570	...	...	5.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,085	...	...	26.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,510	...	...	14.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,450	...	...	18.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,440	...	...	7.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,665	...	...	10.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,855	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,595	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,325	...	...	96.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,850	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,945	...	...	49.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,115	...	...	43.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,110	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,605	...	...	5.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	7,240	...	...	15.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,410	...	...	16.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,785	...	...	14.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,315	...	...	18.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,890	...	...	14.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,655	...	...	10.1	...	...
85 years and over	2,270	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,890	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	33,135	...	...	72.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,760	...	...	27.8	...	...
30% to less than 100%	11,230	...	...	24.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,175	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,410	...	...	33.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,830	...	...	25.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,385	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,180	...	...	2.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	340	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	570	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,765	...	...	66.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,340	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	40,020	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,980	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.4	...	...	58.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	18.0	...	...	18.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,270	...	...	1,270	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,494	...	...	1,494	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	650,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	691,000	...	...	691,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	17,065	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.4	...	...	44.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,440	...	...	1,440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,522	...	...	1,522	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	102,790	49,935	52,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	1,590	730	860	1.5	1.5	1.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	1,555	725	830	1.5	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,035	500	535	1.0	1.0	1.0
Métis single ancestry	520	225	295	0.5	0.5	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,990	2,300	2,690	4.9	4.6	5.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,855	2,215	2,640	4.7	4.4	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,770	1,260	1,510	2.7	2.5	2.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,075	955	1,120	2.0	1.9	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	135	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	80	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	96,210	46,905	49,300	93.6	93.9	93.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	102,785	49,940	52,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	94,530	45,845	48,685	92.0	91.8	92.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,335	7,670	7,665	14.9	15.4	14.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,195	38,180	41,020	77.0	76.5	77.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	8,255	4,090	4,165	8.0	8.2	7.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	102,785	49,940	52,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	83,805	40,835	42,975	81.5	81.8	81.3
Immigrants⁸¹	15,935	7,535	8,405	15.5	15.1	15.9
Before 1980	4,460	2,025	2,435	4.3	4.1	4.6
1980 to 1990	1,555	720	835	1.5	1.4	1.6
1991 to 2000	2,075	965	1,115	2.0	1.9	2.1
2001 to 2010	2,950	1,430	1,525	2.9	2.9	2.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,890	2,400	2,495	4.8	4.8	4.7
2011 to 2015	2,115	1,030	1,080	2.1	2.1	2.0
2016 to 2021	2,775	1,365	1,410	2.7	2.7	2.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,045	1,575	1,475	3.0	3.2	2.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,935	7,535	8,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,665	865	800	10.4	11.5	9.5
5 to 14 years	2,645	1,385	1,265	16.6	18.4	15.1
15 to 24 years	3,330	1,540	1,785	20.9	20.4	21.2
25 to 44 years	6,950	3,120	3,830	43.6	41.4	45.6
45 years and over	1,345	620	720	8.4	8.2	8.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,935	7,535	8,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,125	1,010	1,120	13.3	13.4	13.3
Brazil	115	40	75	0.7	0.5	0.9
Colombia	105	45	55	0.7	0.6	0.7
El Salvador	85	50	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Guyana	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	295	165	130	1.9	2.2	1.5
Mexico	240	95	145	1.5	1.3	1.7
Peru	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
United States of America	930	450	480	5.8	6.0	5.7
Other places of birth in Americas	280	125	155	1.8	1.7	1.8
Europe	6,645	3,165	3,480	41.7	42.0	41.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	105	60	40	0.7	0.8	0.5
Croatia	165	70	100	1.0	0.9	1.2
France	125	45	75	0.8	0.6	0.9
Germany	1,160	555	610	7.3	7.4	7.3
Greece	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hungary	180	95	85	1.1	1.3	1.0
Italy	320	140	180	2.0	1.9	2.1
Netherlands	380	180	200	2.4	2.4	2.4
Poland	450	170	280	2.8	2.3	3.3
Portugal	120	50	65	0.8	0.7	0.8
Romania	150	70	75	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian Federation	250	90	160	1.6	1.2	1.9
Serbia⁸⁶	60	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	245	120	120	1.5	1.6	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,950	1,025	925	12.2	13.6	11.0
Other places of birth in Europe	960	440	515	6.0	5.8	6.1
Africa	560	290	265	3.5	3.8	3.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	260	125	135	1.6	1.7	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	230	120	105	1.4	1.6	1.2
Asia	6,220	2,875	3,350	39.0	38.2	39.9
Afghanistan	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	220	115	100	1.4	1.5	1.2
Iraq	20	20	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Lebanon	90	50	40	0.6	0.7	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	210	100	110	1.3	1.3	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	580	275	300	3.6	3.6	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	110	35	80	0.7	0.5	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	295	140	150	1.9	1.9	1.8
Taiwan	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Philippines	1,400	545	860	8.8	7.2	10.2
Viet Nam	290	135	155	1.8	1.8	1.8
Bangladesh	85	50	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
India	2,000	1,000	1,000	12.6	13.3	11.9
Pakistan	200	100	100	1.3	1.3	1.2
Sri Lanka	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	595	245	340	3.7	3.3	4.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	380	195	185	2.4	2.6	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,775	1,365	1,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	520	250	270	18.7	18.3	19.1
Brazil	45	15	30	1.6	1.1	2.1
Colombia	35	20	20	1.3	1.5	1.4
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	130	65	65	4.7	4.8	4.6
Mexico	75	40	35	2.7	2.9	2.5
United States of America	165	85	80	5.9	6.2	5.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	0	20	0.9	0.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Americas	35	15	20	1.3	1.1	1.4
Europe	480	260	220	17.3	19.0	15.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	15	15	1.3	1.1	1.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	10	0.9	0.7	0.7
Italy	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Russian Federation	45	0	30	1.6	0.0	2.1
Ukraine	80	50	30	2.9	3.7	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	170	105	55	6.1	7.7	3.9
Other places of birth in Europe	110	50	60	4.0	3.7	4.3
Africa	75	35	35	2.7	2.6	2.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	0	0.9	1.1	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10	1.1	1.5	0.7
Asia	1,585	755	830	57.1	55.3	58.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.1
China⁹⁰	125	55	70	4.5	4.0	5.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.1
India	475	240	230	17.1	17.6	16.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	90	40	50	3.2	2.9	3.5
Lebanon	25	0	25	0.9	0.0	1.8
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	65	30	35	2.3	2.2	2.5
Philippines	440	220	220	15.9	16.1	15.6
Saudi Arabia	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	180	85	90	6.5	6.2	6.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Viet Nam	45	25	25	1.6	1.8	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	30	1.6	1.1	2.1
Oceania and other⁹³	125	75	55	4.5	5.5	3.9
Australia	100	55	45	3.6	4.0	3.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	20	10	0.9	1.5	0.7
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	102,785	49,940	52,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	20,155	9,625	10,530	19.6	19.3	19.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,775	9,620	10,150	19.2	19.3	19.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	62,855	30,690	32,170	61.2	61.5	60.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	11,480	5,510	5,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,490	3,295	3,195	56.5	59.8	53.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,725	1,625	1,100	23.7	29.5	18.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,765	1,670	2,090	32.8	30.3	35.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,710	1,605	2,105	32.3	29.1	35.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,230	585	645	10.7	10.6	10.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	11,480	5,510	5,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	180	120	60	1.6	2.2	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,350	1,070	1,285	20.5	19.4	21.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	475	265	210	4.1	4.8	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	845	425	415	7.4	7.7	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,555	3,595	3,960	65.8	65.2	66.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	102,790	49,935	52,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,195	7,365	7,825	14.8	14.7	14.8
South Asian	5,270	2,670	2,600	5.1	5.3	4.9
Chinese	1,715	840	870	1.7	1.7	1.6
Black	1,500	765	740	1.5	1.5	1.4
Filipino	1,985	815	1,165	1.9	1.6	2.2
Arab	470	255	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latin American	980	455	530	1.0	0.9	1.0
Southeast Asian	770	365	405	0.7	0.7	0.8
West Asian	490	270	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Korean	500	235	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	820	335	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	260	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	435	240	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	87,595	42,570	45,025	85.2	85.3	85.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	102,790	49,940	52,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,510	6,295	6,215	12.2	12.6	11.8
English	25,165	12,185	12,975	24.5	24.4	24.6
Irish	16,140	7,350	8,790	15.7	14.7	16.6
Scottish	19,175	9,190	9,985	18.7	18.4	18.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,935	4,255	4,680	8.7	8.5	8.9
German	19,585	9,550	10,030	19.1	19.1	19.0
Chinese	1,915	915	1,000	1.9	1.8	1.9
Italian	4,350	2,070	2,285	4.2	4.1	4.3
Indian (India)	3,210	1,645	1,565	3.1	3.3	3.0
Ukrainian	8,175	3,995	4,180	8.0	8.0	7.9
Dutch	4,910	2,445	2,465	4.8	4.9	4.7
Polish	4,405	2,080	2,320	4.3	4.2	4.4
Québécois	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,660	2,210	2,445	4.5	4.4	4.6
Filipino	1,785	745	1,040	1.7	1.5	2.0
French Canadian	960	480	480	0.9	1.0	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,880	935	945	1.8	1.9	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,795	795	995	1.7	1.6	1.9
Métis	2,760	1,270	1,490	2.7	2.5	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,370	1,060	1,310	2.3	2.1	2.5
Russian	4,005	1,945	2,060	3.9	3.9	3.9
Norwegian	3,755	1,765	1,985	3.7	3.5	3.8
Welsh	2,490	1,145	1,350	2.4	2.3	2.6
Portuguese	715	340	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
American	1,555	795	765	1.5	1.6	1.4
Spanish	730	320	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	2,645	1,240	1,400	2.6	2.5	2.6
Hungarian	1,745	835	910	1.7	1.7	1.7
Acadian	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	285	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	555	290	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	530	290	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Punjabi	1,065	525	545	1.0	1.1	1.0
Vietnamese	480	235	245	0.5	0.5	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	180	110	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	455	230	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	450	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	440	200	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	590	325	270	0.6	0.7	0.5
Korean	465	220	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romanian	855	445	415	0.8	0.9	0.8
Lebanese	245	125	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iranian	320	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	170	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,250	575	675	1.2	1.2	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	590	275	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	785	415	370	0.8	0.8	0.7
Austrian	1,535	775	760	1.5	1.6	1.4
Belgian	475	185	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	200	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	465	225	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mennonite	570	270	295	0.6	0.5	0.6
Swiss	790	405	380	0.8	0.8	0.7
Finnish	780	335	440	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sri Lankan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	535	215	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Japanese	1,010	460	555	1.0	0.9	1.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	160	65	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	755	385	370	0.7	0.8	0.7
Muslim	40	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Egyptian	50	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	580	245	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	700	330	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Syrian	345	170	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	135	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	120	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	140	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	325	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	135	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	100	70	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	285	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	550	290	265	0.5	0.6	0.5
Palestinian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	140	85	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	205	80	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	155	60	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	365	180	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ecuadorian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	50	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	102,790	49,940	52,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	610	305	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Christian	40,520	17,630	22,890	39.4	35.3	43.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	10,695	4,935	5,755	10.4	9.9	10.9
Anabaptist	700	345	355	0.7	0.7	0.7
Anglican	2,740	1,105	1,635	2.7	2.2	3.1
Baptist	2,155	975	1,180	2.1	2.0	2.2
Catholic	12,380	5,345	7,030	12.0	10.7	13.3
Christian Orthodox	805	380	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	850	385	465	0.8	0.8	0.9
Latter Day Saints	285	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	1,795	695	1,095	1.7	1.4	2.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	140	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	980	445	535	1.0	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	580	255	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	3,505	1,360	2,145	3.4	2.7	4.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,795	1,155	1,640	2.7	2.3	3.1
Hindu	865	465	400	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jewish	260	155	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	1,275	710	565	1.2	1.4	1.1
Sikh	3,120	1,520	1,600	3.0	3.0	3.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,080	410	670	1.1	0.8	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	54,975	28,695	26,280	53.5	57.5	49.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,045	49,545	52,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	82,920	40,040	42,885	81.3	80.8	81.7
Movers	19,125	9,510	9,610	18.7	19.2	18.3
Non-migrants	11,535	5,660	5,875	11.3	11.4	11.2
Migrants	7,590	3,850	3,735	7.4	7.8	7.1
Internal migrants	6,665	3,365	3,305	6.5	6.8	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	3,805	1,895	1,910	3.7	3.8	3.6
Interprovincial migrants	2,860	1,460	1,395	2.8	2.9	2.7
External migrants	925	490	435	0.9	1.0	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,630	47,805	50,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,765	22,945	24,815	48.4	48.0	48.8
Movers	50,865	24,860	26,010	51.6	52.0	51.2
Non-migrants	23,095	11,225	11,870	23.4	23.5	23.4
Migrants	27,775	13,635	14,145	28.2	28.5	27.8
Internal migrants	22,945	11,220	11,725	23.3	23.5	23.1
Intraprovincial migrants	13,910	6,705	7,210	14.1	14.0	14.2
Interprovincial migrants	9,035	4,520	4,520	9.2	9.5	8.9
External migrants	4,825	2,415	2,415	4.9	5.1	4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,255	43,160	46,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	13,380	7,155	6,225	15.0	16.6	13.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	75,875	36,000	39,875	85.0	83.4	86.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,195	27,330	27,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,130	3,145	1,985	9.3	11.5	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,070	24,180	25,885	90.7	88.5	92.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	89,250	43,155	46,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,130	5,810	5,315	12.5	13.5	11.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	28,130	13,685	14,440	31.5	31.7	31.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,000	23,665	26,330	56.0	54.8	57.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	29,980	14,730	15,250	33.6	34.1	33.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,285	6,290	1,995	9.3	14.6	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,165	1,805	1,355	3.5	4.2	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,120	4,485	635	5.7	10.4	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	18,615	7,250	11,365	20.9	16.8	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,085	1,190	1,890	3.5	2.8	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,020	8,935	11,085	22.4	20.7	24.0
Bachelor's degree	13,250	5,760	7,490	14.8	13.3	16.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,340	550	790	1.5	1.3	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	435	255	180	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	4,205	1,910	2,300	4.7	4.4	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	785	465	320	0.9	1.1	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	55,200	27,330	27,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,015	2,510	1,505	7.3	9.2	5.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,000	7,745	7,260	27.2	28.3	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	36,175	17,075	19,105	65.5	62.5	68.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,695	10,460	10,235	37.5	38.3	36.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,640	4,400	1,235	10.2	16.1	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,055	1,215	840	3.7	4.4	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,580	3,185	400	6.5	11.7	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,055	5,240	7,815	23.7	19.2	28.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,000	820	1,185	3.6	3.0	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,485	6,620	8,865	28.1	24.2	31.8
Bachelor's degree	10,300	4,320	5,975	18.7	15.8	21.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	955	370	585	1.7	1.4	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	345	195	150	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	3,270	1,380	1,885	5.9	5.0	6.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	615	345	270	1.1	1.3	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	89,250	43,160	46,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,255	19,490	19,760	44.0	45.2	42.9
Education	3,535	885	2,650	4.0	2.1	5.7
13. Education	3,535	885	2,650	4.0	2.1	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,760	815	940	2.0	1.9	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	325	245	80	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,435	575	865	1.6	1.3	1.9
Humanities	2,590	1,010	1,580	2.9	2.3	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	215	50	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	625	235	385	0.7	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	810	225	585	0.9	0.5	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190	125	60	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	380	210	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	255	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,570	1,405	3,165	5.1	3.3	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	135	285	0.5	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	720	50	670	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	820	230	585	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,130	335	795	1.3	0.8	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,350	615	740	1.5	1.4	1.6
Business, management and public administration	10,680	4,120	6,560	12.0	9.5	14.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	845	105	735	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,815	4,005	5,810	11.0	9.3	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,085	1,105	980	2.3	2.6	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	890	400	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	540	280	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	540	405	135	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,690	1,215	470	1.9	2.8	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,320	1,030	285	1.5	2.4	0.6
25. Library science	105	15	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	215	120	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	55	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,455	9,555	900	11.7	22.1	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	275	205	70	0.3	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,770	1,470	295	2.0	3.4	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,180	1,895	280	2.4	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,890	2,790	100	3.2	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,220	2,145	70	2.5	5.0	0.2
48. Precision production	1,120	1,045	70	1.3	2.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,065	540	530	1.2	1.3	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	700	300	395	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	370	235	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Health and related fields	8,700	1,610	7,090	9.7	3.7	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	715	330	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,830	1,175	6,650	8.8	2.7	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,840	1,400	1,440	3.2	3.2	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,965	625	1,340	2.2	1.4	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	295	230	65	0.3	0.5	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	555	520	40	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	55,195	27,325	27,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,020	10,250	8,765	34.5	37.5	31.4
Education	2,170	470	1,700	3.9	1.7	6.1
13. Education	2,170	470	1,700	3.9	1.7	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,325	610	720	2.4	2.2	2.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	160	55	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,105	440	660	2.0	1.6	2.4
Humanities	1,895	745	1,155	3.4	2.7	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	150	30	125	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	505	205	300	0.9	0.8	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	580	175	405	1.1	0.6	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	105	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	215	115	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	210	105	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,510	955	2,550	6.4	3.5	9.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	380	115	265	0.7	0.4	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	530	35	495	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	635	145	490	1.2	0.5	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	835	210	625	1.5	0.8	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,020	420	605	1.8	1.5	2.2
Business, management and public administration	7,695	2,980	4,715	13.9	10.9	16.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	660	70	590	1.2	0.3	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,010	2,905	4,105	12.7	10.6	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,495	775	715	2.7	2.8	2.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	660	305	350	1.2	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	370	185	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	390	275	110	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,395	1,060	330	2.5	3.9	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,150	920	230	2.1	3.4	0.8
25. Library science	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	160	90	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,560	6,860	700	13.7	25.1	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	195	135	60	0.4	0.5	0.2
14. Engineering	1,365	1,105	260	2.5	4.0	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,585	1,370	215	2.9	5.0	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,105	2,025	80	3.8	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,570	1,540	30	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	740	685	50	1.3	2.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	790	365	425	1.4	1.3	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	190	295	0.9	0.7	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	310	175	130	0.6	0.6	0.5
Health and related fields	6,315	1,230	5,085	11.4	4.5	18.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	530	250	280	1.0	0.9	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,655	905	4,755	10.2	3.3	17.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	75	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,020	1,025	995	3.7	3.8	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,385	465	920	2.5	1.7	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	200	155	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	420	390	25	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	55,195	27,325	27,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,020	10,250	8,765	34.5	37.5	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	36,175	17,075	19,100	65.5	62.5	68.5
Location of study inside Canada	30,520	14,505	16,015	55.3	53.1	57.5
Same as province or territory of residence	21,740	10,115	11,625	39.4	37.0	41.7
Different than province or territory of residence	8,780	4,390	4,390	15.9	16.1	15.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,660	2,575	3,085	10.3	9.4	11.1
Americas	1,405	670	735	2.5	2.5	2.6
United States of America	995	495	495	1.8	1.8	1.8
Mexico	115	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	125	50	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Brazil	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Colombia	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	1,445	700	745	2.6	2.6	2.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germany	130	75	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Netherlands	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Ukraine	80	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	590	295	290	1.1	1.1	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italy	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	165	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	150	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	2,310	965	1,345	4.2	3.5	4.8
Iran⁸⁸	115	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	145	65	85	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japan	65	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	145	50	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	805	305	500	1.5	1.1	1.8
Viet Nam	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	655	295	360	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pakistan	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Oceania	355	170	185	0.6	0.6	0.7
Australia	300	135	165	0.5	0.5	0.6
New Zealand	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	89,255	43,160	46,095	...	...	...
In the labour force	58,440	30,105	28,335	...	...	...
Employed	53,575	27,545	26,035	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,860	2,560	2,300	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	30,815	13,055	17,760	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.5	69.8	61.5	65.5	69.8	61.5
Employment rate	60.0	63.8	56.5	60.0	63.8	56.5
Unemployment rate	8.3	8.5	8.1	8.3	8.5	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	89,250	43,160	46,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	31,435	13,410	18,030	35.2	31.1	39.1
Worked	57,815	29,750	28,065	64.8	68.9	60.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,980	16,215	12,760	32.5	37.6	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	28,840	13,535	15,305	32.3	31.4	33.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.7	40.4	41.1	41.7	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	58,440	30,105	28,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	520	495	1.7	1.7	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	57,425	29,585	27,840	98.3	98.3	98.3
Employee	47,675	23,660	24,010	81.6	78.6	84.7
Permanent position	39,545	19,835	19,710	67.7	65.9	69.6
Temporary position	8,130	3,825	4,310	13.9	12.7	15.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,115	1,035	1,080	3.6	3.4	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,015	2,790	3,225	10.3	9.3	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,755	5,925	3,830	16.7	19.7	13.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	58,440	30,105	28,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	520	495	1.7	1.7	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	57,425	29,585	27,840	98.3	98.3	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	460	350	105	0.8	1.2	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,180	2,605	6,575	15.7	8.7	23.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,780	3,000	770	6.5	10.0	2.7
3 Health occupations	5,200	910	4,290	8.9	3.0	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,100	2,045	4,055	10.4	6.8	14.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,830	820	1,005	3.1	2.7	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	16,835	7,650	9,185	28.8	25.4	32.4
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,820	9,890	930	18.5	32.9	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,515	1,135	385	2.6	3.8	1.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,715	1,180	535	2.9	3.9	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	58,440	30,105	28,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,010	520	495	1.7	1.7	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	57,425	29,585	27,840	98.3	98.3	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	900	575	325	1.5	1.9	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	525	465	60	0.9	1.5	0.2
22 Utilities	295	210	85	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	6,500	5,730	770	11.1	19.0	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	2,710	1,825	890	4.6	6.1	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,640	1,090	550	2.8	3.6	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	7,550	3,635	3,910	12.9	12.1	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,380	1,815	565	4.1	6.0	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	1,235	765	465	2.1	2.5	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,820	710	1,110	3.1	2.4	3.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,215	690	525	2.1	2.3	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,390	2,340	2,045	7.5	7.8	7.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,855	1,700	1,155	4.9	5.6	4.1
61 Educational services	4,240	1,520	2,715	7.3	5.0	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	8,310	1,520	6,790	14.2	5.0	24.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,420	790	630	2.4	2.6	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	4,970	2,240	2,730	8.5	7.4	9.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,645	1,135	1,510	4.5	3.8	5.3
91 Public administration	1,745	780	965	3.0	2.6	3.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	62,520	32,100	30,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,755	31,175	29,575	97.2	97.1	97.2
French	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	270	160	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	265	155	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	445	185	260	0.7	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	960	555	405	1.5	1.7	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	62,520	32,100	30,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	62,330	31,985	30,345	99.7	99.6	99.7
Official languages	61,835	31,690	30,150	98.9	98.7	99.1
English	61,690	31,680	30,010	98.7	98.7	98.6
French	145	10	140	0.2	0.0	0.5
Non-official languages	495	290	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	490	290	205	0.8	0.9	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	310	205	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	180	110	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	170	100	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	165	100	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	110	85	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	60	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	195	120	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	140	85	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	62,520	32,100	30,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	61,255	31,440	29,815	98.0	97.9	98.0
English	300	125	175	0.5	0.4	0.6
French	320	160	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official language	545	305	240	0.9	1.0	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	540	305	235	0.9	1.0	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,580	27,550	26,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,775	4,810	4,965	18.2	17.5	19.1
Worked outside Canada	140	85	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
No fixed workplace address	8,600	6,420	2,175	16.1	23.3	8.4
Usual place of work	35,065	16,230	18,835	65.4	58.9	72.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,070	16,230	18,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	30,810	13,880	16,925	87.9	85.5	89.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,630	1,370	1,255	7.5	8.4	6.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,260	715	545	3.6	4.4	2.9
Commute to a different province or territory	370	260	105	1.1	1.6	0.6
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,670	22,655	21,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	36,805	19,415	17,395	84.3	85.7	82.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,200	18,385	15,815	78.3	81.2	75.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,605	1,025	1,580	6.0	4.5	7.5
Public transit	1,895	725	1,165	4.3	3.2	5.5
Walked	2,655	1,185	1,470	6.1	5.2	7.0
Bicycle	1,165	670	495	2.7	3.0	2.4
Other method	1,150	665	485	2.6	2.9	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,670	22,655	21,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	18,770	9,075	9,700	43.0	40.1	46.2
15 to 29 minutes	18,285	9,535	8,750	41.9	42.1	41.6
30 to 44 minutes	4,140	2,525	1,615	9.5	11.1	7.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,055	545	510	2.4	2.4	2.4
60 minutes and over	1,410	975	440	3.2	4.3	2.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,670	22,655	21,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,350	1,700	645	5.4	7.5	3.1
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,660	5,070	2,590	17.5	22.4	12.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,560	6,095	5,460	26.5	26.9	26.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,705	4,220	5,480	22.2	18.6	26.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,145	2,430	3,720	14.1	10.7	17.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,250	3,130	3,120	14.3	13.8	14.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,825	8,460	8,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,045	530	520	6.2	6.3	6.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,780	7,930	7,850	93.8	93.7	93.8
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,330	6,170	6,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	785	400	390	6.4	6.5	6.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375	190	180	3.0	3.1	2.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	410	205	205	3.3	3.3	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,545	5,775	5,770	93.6	93.6	93.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table