Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kamloops--Shuswap--Central RockiesMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	109,220	54,225	54,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,170	8,315	7,855	14.8	15.3	14.3
0 to 4 years	4,795	2,440	2,355	4.4	4.5	4.3
5 to 9 years	5,575	2,850	2,730	5.1	5.3	5.0
10 to 14 years	5,800	3,030	2,775	5.3	5.6	5.0
15 to 64 years	66,360	32,865	33,485	60.8	60.6	60.9
15 to 19 years	5,105	2,630	2,475	4.7	4.9	4.5
20 to 24 years	4,765	2,540	2,225	4.4	4.7	4.0
25 to 29 years	5,735	2,950	2,785	5.3	5.4	5.1
30 to 34 years	6,790	3,335	3,450	6.2	6.2	6.3
35 to 39 years	6,985	3,485	3,500	6.4	6.4	6.4
40 to 44 years	6,545	3,270	3,280	6.0	6.0	6.0
45 to 49 years	5,845	2,975	2,865	5.4	5.5	5.2
50 to 54 years	6,580	3,160	3,420	6.0	5.8	6.2
55 to 59 years	8,265	3,875	4,395	7.6	7.1	8.0
60 to 64 years	9,755	4,660	5,095	8.9	8.6	9.3
65 years and over	26,695	13,040	13,655	24.4	24.0	24.8
65 to 69 years	8,810	4,350	4,460	8.1	8.0	8.1
70 to 74 years	7,215	3,605	3,610	6.6	6.6	6.6
75 to 79 years	4,885	2,450	2,430	4.5	4.5	4.4
80 to 84 years	3,045	1,470	1,580	2.8	2.7	2.9
85 years and over	2,735	1,165	1,570	2.5	2.1	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,790	810	980	1.6	1.5	1.8
90 to 94 years	735	300	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
95 to 99 years	190	40	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.8	15.3	14.3	14.8	15.3	14.3
15 to 64 years	60.8	60.6	60.9	60.8	60.6	60.9
65 years and over	24.4	24.0	24.8	24.4	24.0	24.8
85 years and over	2.5	2.1	2.9	2.5	2.1	2.9
Average age of the population	45.2	44.6	45.9	45.2	44.6	45.9
Median age of the population	47.2	46.0	48.4	47.2	46.0	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	32,065	...	...	69.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,535	...	...	3.3	...	...
Row house	3,110	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,035	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,980	...	...	8.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	145	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	3,000	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,500	...	...	27.1	...	...
2 persons	19,070	...	...	41.4	...	...
3 persons	6,065	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	5,440	...	...	11.8	...	...
5 or more persons	3,025	...	...	6.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	107,335	53,400	53,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	93,050	45,910	47,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,785	28,840	28,945	62.1	62.8	61.4
Married	45,760	22,850	22,910	49.2	49.8	48.6
Living common-law	12,020	5,990	6,030	12.9	13.0	12.8
Living common law - Never married	8,260	4,125	4,135	8.9	9.0	8.8
Living common law - Separated	515	265	250	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,860	1,450	1,410	3.1	3.2	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	390	145	240	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	35,265	17,065	18,195	37.9	37.2	38.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,745	11,695	9,045	22.3	25.5	19.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,515	1,170	1,345	2.7	2.5	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,435	2,835	3,595	6.9	6.2	7.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,570	1,360	4,215	6.0	3.0	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,935	...	...	61.6	...	...
3 persons	5,460	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	5,040	...	...	15.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,935	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,380	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,280	...	...	87.3	...	...
Married couples	22,275	...	...	68.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,915	...	...	27.5	...	...
Without children	13,355	...	...	41.2	...	...
Common-law couples	6,010	...	...	18.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,025	...	...	6.3	...	...
Without children	3,985	...	...	12.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,090	...	...	12.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,075	...	...	9.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,020	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	107,335	53,400	53,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	86,790	43,215	43,575	80.9	80.9	80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,560	28,245	28,320	52.7	52.9	52.5
Parents in one-parent families	4,095	1,020	3,070	3.8	1.9	5.7
Children⁶	26,135	13,950	12,180	24.3	26.1	22.6
In a two-parent family	20,020	10,535	9,485	18.7	19.7	17.6
In a one-parent family	6,110	3,415	2,700	5.7	6.4	5.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,545	10,185	10,360	19.1	19.1	19.2
Living alone	12,500	5,890	6,610	11.6	11.0	12.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,265	1,045	1,220	2.1	2.0	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	5,780	3,250	2,530	5.4	6.1	4.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,300	...	...	61.4	...	...
Couple-family households	25,270	...	...	54.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,750	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	15,520	...	...	33.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,030	...	...	6.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	965	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,830	...	...	4.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,115	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	12,500	...	...	27.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	91,185	45,095	46,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,025	44,090	44,935	97.6	97.8	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,600	34,000	39,600	47,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,055	44,105	44,950	97.7	97.8	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	43,200	31,800	36,400	43,200	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,425	40,600	39,825	88.2	90.0	86.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	41,200	24,800	32,000	41,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,475	31,310	29,165	66.3	69.4	63.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	43,600	27,000	34,000	43,600	27,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,975	35,330	39,640	82.2	78.3	86.0
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,900	11,800	12,000	11,900	11,800	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,760	5,070	4,695	10.7	11.2	10.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,720	5,520	5,640	5,720	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	21,695	10,470	11,230	23.8	23.2	24.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	7,500	8,000	8,000	7,500	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	91,245	45,120	46,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,080	44,080	45,000	97.6	97.7	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,240	59,250	41,440	50,240	59,250	41,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,105	44,085	45,015	97.7	97.7	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,360	50,080	36,760	43,360	50,080	36,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,320	40,530	39,790	88.0	89.8	86.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,480	54,050	34,680	44,480	54,050	34,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,530	31,300	29,230	66.3	69.4	63.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	53,800	35,160	44,800	53,800	35,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	74,905	35,395	39,515	82.1	78.4	85.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,070	11,880	12,240	12,070	11,880	12,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,025	5,270	4,755	11.0	11.7	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,740	6,680	6,810	6,740	6,680	6,810
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	21,760	10,420	11,340	23.8	23.1	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,590	8,330	8,820	8,590	8,330	8,820
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	91,245	45,120	46,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,900	14,220	10,675	27.3	31.5	23.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	71,500	52,000	62,000	71,500	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,500	78,200	57,800	69,500	78,200	57,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,225	12,800	14,420	29.8	28.4	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,200	25,000	17,200	20,200	25,000	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,000	38,520	24,340	31,000	38,520	24,340
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	83.8	74.0	79.8	83.8	74.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.6	64.4	55.1	60.6	64.4	55.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.2	16.1	26.0	20.2	16.1	26.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.4	1.7	1.5	1.4	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.3	4.2	7.0	5.3	4.2	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.3	5.4	4.2	3.3	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	91,185	45,095	46,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,160	1,005	1,150	2.4	2.2	2.5
With total income	89,025	44,090	44,935	97.6	97.8	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,075	2,765	4,310	7.9	6.3	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	11,010	4,165	6,845	12.4	9.5	15.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,440	6,140	8,300	16.2	13.9	18.5
$30,000 to $39,999	12,185	5,240	6,940	13.7	11.9	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,285	4,745	5,535	11.6	10.8	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,045	4,055	3,990	9.0	9.2	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,190	3,565	2,630	7.0	8.1	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,705	2,910	1,795	5.3	6.6	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,695	2,320	1,375	4.2	5.3	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,825	1,825	1,000	3.2	4.1	2.2
$100,000 and over	8,565	6,355	2,210	9.6	14.4	4.9
$100,000 to $149,999	6,015	4,360	1,655	6.8	9.9	3.7
$150,000 and over	2,555	1,995	560	2.9	4.5	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	91,185	45,095	46,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,130	990	1,135	2.3	2.2	2.5
With after-tax income	89,055	44,105	44,950	97.7	97.8	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,450	2,880	4,565	8.4	6.5	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	11,400	4,325	7,075	12.8	9.8	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	16,310	6,960	9,350	18.3	15.8	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	13,900	6,125	7,775	15.6	13.9	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	11,325	5,535	5,795	12.7	12.5	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,460	4,685	3,780	9.5	10.6	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,075	3,765	2,305	6.8	8.5	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	4,490	2,855	1,635	5.0	6.5	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,050	2,050	1,000	3.4	4.6	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,005	1,430	575	2.3	3.3	1.3
$100,000 and over	4,580	3,490	1,090	5.1	7.9	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,580	1,965	615	2.9	4.5	1.4
$125,000 and over	2,000	1,525	475	2.3	3.4	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	91,185	45,095	46,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	30,710	13,785	16,925	33.7	30.6	36.7
With employment income	60,475	31,310	29,165	66.3	69.4	63.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,385	4,295	5,090	15.5	13.7	17.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,775	2,055	2,715	7.9	6.6	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,600	3,315	4,275	12.6	10.6	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,175	2,655	3,520	10.2	8.5	12.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,690	2,520	3,165	9.4	8.0	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	4,860	2,290	2,570	8.0	7.3	8.8
$50,000 to $59,999	4,385	2,155	2,230	7.2	6.9	7.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,640	2,175	1,470	6.0	6.9	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,040	1,900	1,135	5.0	6.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,630	1,700	925	4.3	5.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075	1,380	700	3.4	4.4	2.4
$100,000 and over	6,225	4,870	1,360	10.3	15.5	4.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,080	2,305	785	5.1	7.3	2.7
$125,000 and over	3,145	2,565	575	5.2	8.2	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	91,185	45,095	46,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,315	43,180	44,140	95.8	95.8	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,000	31,200	38,000	48,000	31,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,515	43,205	44,310	96.0	95.8	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,400	28,600	34,400	42,400	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	80,090	40,335	39,755	87.8	89.4	86.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	43,600	26,400	34,000	43,600	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	63,350	32,555	30,790	69.5	72.2	66.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	44,400	26,800	34,000	44,400	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,835	27,480	34,355	67.8	60.9	74.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,100	10,000	8,600	9,100	10,000	8,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	8,120	4,175	3,945	8.9	9.3	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,600	5,560	5,600	5,600	5,560	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	91,245	45,120	46,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,360	43,165	44,195	95.7	95.7	95.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,960	59,050	39,080	48,960	59,050	39,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,490	43,180	44,315	95.9	95.7	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,480	49,080	34,040	41,480	49,080	34,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	80,035	40,290	39,750	87.7	89.3	86.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,800	56,250	35,240	45,800	56,250	35,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	63,455	32,585	30,865	69.5	72.2	66.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,240	53,950	34,040	44,240	53,950	34,040
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,935	27,550	34,385	67.9	61.1	74.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,840	10,260	9,500	9,840	10,260	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	8,245	4,265	3,980	9.0	9.5	8.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,090	6,740	7,470	7,090	6,740	7,470
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	91,245	45,120	46,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,725	14,135	10,590	27.1	31.3	23.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	69,000	48,800	59,200	69,000	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,400	75,700	54,000	66,400	75,700	54,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,005	12,235	13,775	28.5	27.1	29.9
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,800	32,800	21,600	25,800	32,800	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,280	45,720	27,920	36,280	45,720	27,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	89.0	81.0	85.8	89.0	81.0
Employment income (%)	65.6	69.0	60.8	65.6	69.0	60.8
Government transfers (%)	14.2	11.1	18.9	14.2	11.1	18.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,600	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,125	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...	83,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,640	...	...	49,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,080	...	...	43,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,600	...	...	114,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,800	...	...	98,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	165	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	410	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	905	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,100	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,545	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,605	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,890	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,875	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,845	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,560	...	...	7.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,355	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,180	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,980	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,680	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,630	...	...	38.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,425	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,040	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,635	...	...	10.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,525	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	450	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	415	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	945	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,195	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,805	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,790	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,090	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,130	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,060	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,140	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,900	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,690	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,290	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,910	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,115	...	...	30.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,560	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,585	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,960	...	...	10.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	11,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,775	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,280	9,140	9,140	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,400	34,000	36,800	40,400	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,800	32,000	34,000	36,800	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,200	...	...	113,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,400	...	...	97,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,200	...	...	99,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,600	...	...	85,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,990	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,200	...	...	145,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,300	...	...	123,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,830	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,000	...	...	78,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,300	...	...	70,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,250	9,175	9,080	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,240	50,240	42,200	46,240	50,240	42,200
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,440	43,160	37,680	40,440	43,160	37,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	107,335	53,400	53,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,300	9,930	9,365	18.0	18.6	17.4
0 to 5 years	5,875	2,995	2,880	5.5	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	62,660	30,925	31,730	58.4	57.9	58.8
65 years and over	25,380	12,545	12,835	23.6	23.5	23.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,910	5,105	5,805	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,940	1,000	940	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	605	330	275	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,385	2,550	2,835	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,585	1,555	2,030	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.2	9.6	10.8	10.2	9.6	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.1	10.1	10.0	10.1	10.1	10.0
0 to 5 years (%)	10.2	10.9	9.5	10.2	10.9	9.5
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	8.3	8.9	8.6	8.3	8.9
65 years and over (%)	14.1	12.4	15.8	14.1	12.4	15.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	105,545	52,470	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,935	9,730	9,205	17.9	18.5	17.3
0 to 5 years	5,775	2,940	2,835	5.5	5.6	5.3
18 to 64 years	61,630	30,385	31,245	58.4	57.9	58.9
65 years and over	24,975	12,350	12,625	23.7	23.5	23.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,075	1,560	1,515	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	515	265	250	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	135	70	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,235	1,155	1,085	...	...	...
65 years and over	320	145	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7	2.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.2	2.4	2.3	2.2	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	3.8	3.5	3.6	3.8	3.5
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	107,335	53,405	53,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,745	26,625	28,120	51.0	49.9	52.1
In bottom decile	10,230	4,870	5,360	9.5	9.1	9.9
In second decile	11,315	5,350	5,965	10.5	10.0	11.1
In third decile	11,180	5,435	5,745	10.4	10.2	10.7
In fourth decile	10,990	5,480	5,510	10.2	10.3	10.2
In fifth decile	11,030	5,490	5,545	10.3	10.3	10.3
In top half of the distribution	52,590	26,780	25,810	49.0	50.1	47.9
In sixth decile	10,930	5,445	5,485	10.2	10.2	10.2
In seventh decile	11,030	5,560	5,465	10.3	10.4	10.1
In eighth decile	10,755	5,435	5,320	10.0	10.2	9.9
In ninth decile	10,825	5,645	5,180	10.1	10.6	9.6
In top decile	9,060	4,695	4,365	8.4	8.8	8.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	107,335	...	...	107,335	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.429	...	...	0.429	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	108,605	53,985	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	101,300	50,705	50,595	93.3	93.9	92.6
French only	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	7,035	3,170	3,870	6.5	5.9	7.1
Neither English nor French	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	108,605	53,985	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,690	53,045	53,640	98.2	98.3	98.2
French	1,575	785	785	1.5	1.5	1.4
English and French	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	108,605	53,985	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,170	53,330	53,845	98.7	98.8	98.6
Official languages	99,915	49,905	50,010	92.0	92.4	91.6
English	98,220	49,050	49,175	90.4	90.9	90.0
French	1,695	860	840	1.6	1.6	1.5
Non-official languages	7,255	3,425	3,835	6.7	6.3	7.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,150	3,370	3,775	6.6	6.2	6.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	495	180	315	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	415	155	260	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,290	2,545	2,740	4.9	4.7	5.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	875	380	495	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	865	375	485	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	175	70	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	165	70	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	165	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,600	1,250	1,345	2.4	2.3	2.5
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,755	855	900	1.6	1.6	1.6
German	1,600	785	820	1.5	1.5	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	660	320	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	530	250	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	175	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	845	455	390	0.8	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	785	420	365	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	145	90	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	475	240	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	915	435	485	0.8	0.8	0.9
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	430	205	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	315	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	40	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	240	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	395	190	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	385	185	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,435	660	770	1.3	1.2	1.4
English and French	355	165	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	935	440	500	0.9	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	108,605	53,985	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	101,485	50,595	50,890	93.4	93.7	93.2
French	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	1,095	540	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,085	530	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	945	440	500	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	4,455	2,105	2,350	4.1	3.9	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	108,605	53,985	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,810	53,620	54,190	99.3	99.3	99.2
Official languages	105,425	52,445	52,975	97.1	97.1	97.0
English	104,940	52,215	52,730	96.6	96.7	96.5
French	480	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	2,390	1,170	1,215	2.2	2.2	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,370	1,165	1,205	2.2	2.2	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	245	115	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,450	710	740	1.3	1.3	1.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	480	225	260	0.4	0.4	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	375	170	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
German	310	135	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	520	280	235	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	495	275	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	345	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	260	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	190	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	205	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	800	370	430	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and French	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	640	290	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	108,605	53,985	54,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	103,600	51,615	51,990	95.4	95.6	95.2
English	1,190	580	615	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	700	325	370	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	2,615	1,225	1,390	2.4	2.3	2.5
Indigenous³⁹	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,505	1,180	1,320	2.3	2.2	2.4
English and French	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	107,340	53,370	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	107,095	53,250	53,850	99.8	99.8	99.8
English	107,075	53,240	53,830	99.8	99.8	99.7
French	6,990	3,035	3,965	6.5	5.7	7.3
Non-official languages	10,900	5,060	5,840	10.2	9.5	10.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	310	135	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	245	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	245	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,590	4,920	5,665	9.9	9.2	10.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	275	165	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	270	160	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	235	150	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	700	295	410	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	660	260	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	120	90	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,815	3,575	4,235	7.3	6.7	7.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,115	455	665	1.0	0.9	1.2
Baltic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,105	445	665	1.0	0.8	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	155	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	315	120	200	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	170	80	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Serbian	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	215	80	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,430	1,525	1,905	3.2	2.9	3.5
Frisian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,350	1,030	1,325	2.2	1.9	2.5
German	2,265	985	1,280	2.1	1.8	2.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	880	420	460	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	135	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	660	285	375	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	310	120	195	0.3	0.2	0.4
Danish	125	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,060	610	445	1.0	1.1	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,000	565	435	0.9	1.1	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	460	265	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	615	335	275	0.6	0.6	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,520	1,090	1,430	2.3	2.0	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	555	235	320	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portuguese	175	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,805	765	1,040	1.7	1.4	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	360	155	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	300	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	170	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	155	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	130	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	500	280	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	495	265	225	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	305	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	265	140	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	235	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,345	53,375	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,360	4,465	4,895	8.7	8.4	9.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,965	4,285	4,670	8.4	8.0	8.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,880	2,395	2,490	4.5	4.5	4.6
Métis	4,055	1,875	2,180	3.8	3.5	4.0
Inuk (Inuit)	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	255	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	97,985	48,910	49,080	91.3	91.6	90.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	107,345	53,375	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,480	1,710	1,770	3.2	3.2	3.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	103,865	51,665	52,200	96.8	96.8	96.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	36,345	...	...	78.8	...	...
Renter	9,605	...	...	20.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,900	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not condominium	41,230	...	...	89.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	230	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	3,915	...	...	8.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	11,745	...	...	25.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,450	...	...	33.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,790	...	...	32.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,275	...	...	22.3	...	...
5 rooms	7,100	...	...	15.4	...	...
6 rooms	6,945	...	...	15.1	...	...
7 rooms	5,760	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	16,050	...	...	34.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,645	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	485	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,860	...	...	97.2	...	...
Not suitable	1,270	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,785	...	...	12.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,100	...	...	32.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,660	...	...	12.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,595	...	...	18.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,230	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,425	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,975	...	...	4.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,370	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,225	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,905	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,995	...	...	47.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,930	...	...	47.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,200	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	885	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,180	...	...	11.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,050	...	...	15.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,810	...	...	14.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,060	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,675	...	...	21.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,930	...	...	10.7	...	...
85 years and over	1,530	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	44,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	36,775	...	...	82.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,710	...	...	17.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,950	...	...	15.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	11,035	...	...	23.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,015	...	...	15.2	...	...
Not suitable only	995	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,200	...	...	4.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	125	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	555	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	35,095	...	...	76.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,730	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,435	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not in core need	40,290	...	...	92.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	35,080	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	54.4	...	...	54.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	13.0	...	...	13.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	940	...	...	940	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,225	...	...	1,225	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	548,000	...	...	548,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	571,500	...	...	571,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,475	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.5	...	...	11.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.4	...	...	33.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	17.9	...	...	17.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,207	...	...	1,207	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	175	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	8.6	...	...	8.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...	500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	528	...	...	528	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	107,340	53,375	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,190	1,595	1,595	3.0	3.0	3.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,115	1,580	1,535	2.9	3.0	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,460	1,250	1,210	2.3	2.3	2.2
Métis single ancestry	645	330	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,130	3,220	3,905	6.6	6.0	7.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,835	3,085	3,750	6.4	5.8	6.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,205	1,870	2,335	3.9	3.5	4.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,610	1,195	1,415	2.4	2.2	2.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	300	135	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	285	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	97,025	48,555	48,470	90.4	91.0	89.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	107,345	53,375	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	103,020	51,245	51,775	96.0	96.0	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,935	9,680	9,260	17.6	18.1	17.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	84,085	41,565	42,525	78.3	77.9	78.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,320	2,125	2,195	4.0	4.0	4.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	107,345	53,375	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	95,740	47,730	48,015	89.2	89.4	89.0
Immigrants⁸¹	10,225	4,840	5,385	9.5	9.1	10.0
Before 1980	4,350	2,180	2,165	4.1	4.1	4.0
1980 to 1990	1,120	525	595	1.0	1.0	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,205	505	705	1.1	0.9	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,360	630	730	1.3	1.2	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,180	990	1,190	2.0	1.9	2.2
2011 to 2015	800	365	440	0.7	0.7	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,385	630	755	1.3	1.2	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,380	805	575	1.3	1.5	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	10,225	4,840	5,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,325	690	630	13.0	14.3	11.7
5 to 14 years	2,005	1,000	1,010	19.6	20.7	18.8
15 to 24 years	2,075	975	1,095	20.3	20.1	20.3
25 to 44 years	4,150	1,895	2,255	40.6	39.2	41.9
45 years and over	670	280	390	6.6	5.8	7.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	10,225	4,840	5,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,700	745	955	16.6	15.4	17.7
Brazil	30	20	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Colombia	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
El Salvador	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	20	20	0.3	0.4	0.4
Mexico	75	40	40	0.7	0.8	0.7
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	1,295	560	735	12.7	11.6	13.6
Other places of birth in Americas	190	85	100	1.9	1.8	1.9
Europe	5,785	2,820	2,965	56.6	58.3	55.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	60	30	30	0.6	0.6	0.6
Croatia	80	25	50	0.8	0.5	0.9
France	95	60	35	0.9	1.2	0.6
Germany	935	455	480	9.1	9.4	8.9
Greece	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	65	25	45	0.6	0.5	0.8
Italy	265	130	135	2.6	2.7	2.5
Netherlands	535	265	270	5.2	5.5	5.0
Poland	190	100	90	1.9	2.1	1.7
Portugal	60	30	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romania	35	15	25	0.3	0.3	0.5
Russian Federation	95	35	65	0.9	0.7	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Ukraine	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,310	1,180	1,135	22.6	24.4	21.1
Other places of birth in Europe	950	435	520	9.3	9.0	9.7
Africa	360	195	165	3.5	4.0	3.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Nigeria	60	35	25	0.6	0.7	0.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	165	90	75	1.6	1.9	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	90	45	45	0.9	0.9	0.8
Asia	1,950	855	1,095	19.1	17.7	20.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	30	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	25	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	175	75	105	1.7	1.5	1.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	45	45	0.9	0.9	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	175	85	90	1.7	1.8	1.7
Taiwan	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	600	225	370	5.9	4.6	6.9
Viet Nam	50	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Bangladesh	30	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
India	365	175	195	3.6	3.6	3.6
Pakistan	75	25	55	0.7	0.5	1.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	255	105	150	2.5	2.2	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	425	220	210	4.2	4.5	3.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,380	630	755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	180	65	115	13.0	10.3	15.2
Brazil	10	0	0	0.7	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	125	55	70	9.1	8.7	9.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	25	2.2	1.6	3.3
Europe	320	135	185	23.2	21.4	24.5
France	20	10	10	1.4	1.6	1.3
Germany	60	30	30	4.3	4.8	4.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	1.1	0.0	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	70	65	10.1	11.1	8.6
Other places of birth in Europe	60	20	40	4.3	3.2	5.3
Africa	75	40	35	5.4	6.3	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.3
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	20	10	2.2	3.2	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	0	10	1.8	0.0	1.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	665	310	360	48.2	49.2	47.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	25	2.5	1.6	3.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	125	50	75	9.1	7.9	9.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	1.4	1.6	2.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.3
Philippines	350	160	190	25.4	25.4	25.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	25	10	2.5	4.0	1.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	10	10	10	0.7	1.6	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	25	15	15	1.8	2.4	2.0
Oceania and other⁹³	140	80	60	10.1	12.7	7.9
Australia	105	55	50	7.6	8.7	6.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	35	30	0	2.5	4.8	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	107,345	53,375	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,535	6,035	6,495	11.7	11.3	12.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	18,495	9,200	9,295	17.2	17.2	17.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	76,310	38,130	38,180	71.1	71.4	70.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,870	2,655	3,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,380	1,655	1,725	57.6	62.3	53.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,525	905	625	26.0	34.1	19.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,855	750	1,105	31.6	28.2	34.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,080	795	1,285	35.4	29.9	39.9
Refugees¹⁰⁸	355	175	180	6.0	6.6	5.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	55	25	30	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,870	2,655	3,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	75	45	35	1.3	1.7	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,520	725	795	25.9	27.3	24.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	275	130	145	4.7	4.9	4.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	325	145	180	5.5	5.5	5.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	25	55	1.4	0.9	1.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,600	1,590	2,010	61.3	59.9	62.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	107,345	53,375	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,745	2,765	2,980	5.4	5.2	5.5
South Asian	1,505	850	660	1.4	1.6	1.2
Chinese	700	330	370	0.7	0.6	0.7
Black	640	300	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	795	300	495	0.7	0.6	0.9
Arab	180	105	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin American	430	180	245	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	260	145	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
West Asian	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	360	180	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	605	270	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	101,595	50,610	50,990	94.6	94.8	94.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	107,345	53,375	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,285	7,635	7,655	14.2	14.3	14.2
English	33,430	16,405	17,025	31.1	30.7	31.5
Irish	19,640	9,415	10,220	18.3	17.6	18.9
Scottish	24,675	12,120	12,550	23.0	22.7	23.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,035	5,240	5,795	10.3	9.8	10.7
German	19,400	9,340	10,060	18.1	17.5	18.6
Chinese	785	375	405	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italian	4,110	2,080	2,030	3.8	3.9	3.8
Indian (India)	895	490	410	0.8	0.9	0.8
Ukrainian	7,645	3,670	3,965	7.1	6.9	7.3
Dutch	6,555	3,260	3,295	6.1	6.1	6.1
Polish	3,845	1,885	1,955	3.6	3.5	3.6
Québécois	180	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,745	2,320	2,430	4.4	4.3	4.5
Filipino	890	375	510	0.8	0.7	0.9
French Canadian	1,005	475	530	0.9	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,200	1,160	1,035	2.0	2.2	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,340	1,600	1,740	3.1	3.0	3.2
Métis	3,620	1,675	1,940	3.4	3.1	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,790	1,390	1,395	2.6	2.6	2.6
Russian	3,305	1,580	1,725	3.1	3.0	3.2
Norwegian	5,005	2,350	2,660	4.7	4.4	4.9
Welsh	3,085	1,475	1,615	2.9	2.8	3.0
Portuguese	370	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
American	2,235	1,130	1,105	2.1	2.1	2.0
Spanish	680	305	375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	4,155	2,075	2,080	3.9	3.9	3.9
Hungarian	1,470	665	805	1.4	1.2	1.5
Acadian	225	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	245	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	300	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	185	125	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	255	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	150	85	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	910	390	520	0.8	0.7	1.0
Korean	340	170	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	750	320	435	0.7	0.6	0.8
Lebanese	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	195	120	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	1,845	910	935	1.7	1.7	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	915	400	515	0.9	0.7	1.0
Sikh	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,580	805	775	1.5	1.5	1.4
Belgian	625	285	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	280	160	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	585	280	305	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swiss	1,315	595	715	1.2	1.1	1.3
Finnish	1,415	710	705	1.3	1.3	1.3
Sri Lankan	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	445	220	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	675	315	360	0.6	0.6	0.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	125	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	885	395	490	0.8	0.7	0.9
Muslim	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	760	380	390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombian	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	770	385	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Syrian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	110	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	290	140	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	270	160	115	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	415	250	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	190	65	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	165	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	600	275	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Ecuadorian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	260	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	90	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	107,345	53,375	53,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	340	180	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	38,815	17,535	21,285	36.2	32.9	39.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,515	4,470	5,040	8.9	8.4	9.3
Anabaptist	450	210	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	3,660	1,685	1,975	3.4	3.2	3.7
Baptist	2,120	970	1,150	2.0	1.8	2.1
Catholic	10,250	4,715	5,535	9.5	8.8	10.3
Christian Orthodox	305	135	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	745	320	425	0.7	0.6	0.8
Latter Day Saints	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	1,715	740	975	1.6	1.4	1.8
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	990	400	585	0.9	0.7	1.1
Presbyterian	575	250	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	315	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	4,700	1,855	2,845	4.4	3.5	5.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	3,040	1,435	1,605	2.8	2.7	3.0
Hindu	340	200	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	445	255	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Sikh	565	320	245	0.5	0.6	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	280	125	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,080	385	700	1.0	0.7	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	65,410	34,335	31,070	60.9	64.3	57.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	106,500	52,900	53,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	92,435	46,005	46,430	86.8	87.0	86.6
Movers	14,060	6,895	7,170	13.2	13.0	13.4
Non-migrants	6,680	3,280	3,400	6.3	6.2	6.3
Migrants	7,380	3,615	3,765	6.9	6.8	7.0
Internal migrants	6,845	3,365	3,480	6.4	6.4	6.5
Intraprovincial migrants	4,985	2,480	2,500	4.7	4.7	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,860	885	975	1.7	1.7	1.8
External migrants	535	250	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	102,730	51,050	51,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	58,320	29,045	29,275	56.8	56.9	56.6
Movers	44,410	22,005	22,405	43.2	43.1	43.3
Non-migrants	14,270	7,030	7,245	13.9	13.8	14.0
Migrants	30,140	14,980	15,160	29.3	29.3	29.3
Internal migrants	28,005	13,850	14,160	27.3	27.1	27.4
Intraprovincial migrants	20,670	10,100	10,570	20.1	19.8	20.5
Interprovincial migrants	7,335	3,750	3,590	7.1	7.3	6.9
External migrants	2,135	1,130	1,005	2.1	2.2	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,240	45,120	46,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	16,580	9,400	7,175	18.2	20.8	15.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	74,665	35,715	38,950	81.8	79.2	84.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,075	27,420	28,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,485	3,905	2,575	11.6	14.2	9.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,590	23,510	26,080	88.4	85.7	91.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	91,245	45,120	46,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,580	7,370	6,210	14.9	16.3	13.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	29,215	14,220	14,995	32.0	31.5	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	48,450	23,535	24,915	53.1	52.2	54.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	32,570	16,720	15,850	35.7	37.1	34.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,515	9,190	2,325	12.6	20.4	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,085	2,530	1,560	4.5	5.6	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,430	6,665	765	8.1	14.8	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	17,925	6,465	11,450	19.6	14.3	24.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,135	1,060	2,075	3.4	2.3	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,880	6,815	9,065	17.4	15.1	19.7
Bachelor's degree	10,845	4,565	6,280	11.9	10.1	13.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,215	475	745	1.3	1.1	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	460	260	195	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	3,030	1,335	1,690	3.3	3.0	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	330	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	56,070	27,415	28,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,970	2,890	2,085	8.9	10.5	7.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,945	8,500	8,450	30.2	31.0	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,155	16,030	18,120	60.9	58.5	63.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,350	11,350	11,000	39.9	41.4	38.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,760	6,280	1,485	13.8	22.9	5.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,535	1,595	940	4.5	5.8	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,225	4,680	545	9.3	17.1	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,410	4,385	8,025	22.1	16.0	28.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,180	690	1,490	3.9	2.5	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,805	4,680	7,125	21.1	17.1	24.9
Bachelor's degree	8,245	3,280	4,970	14.7	12.0	17.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	840	315	520	1.5	1.1	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	350	165	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	2,155	820	1,330	3.8	3.0	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	220	105	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	91,245	45,120	46,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,790	21,585	21,205	46.9	47.8	46.0
Education	4,095	1,045	3,045	4.5	2.3	6.6
13. Education	4,095	1,045	3,045	4.5	2.3	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,195	430	765	1.3	1.0	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	140	95	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060	340	720	1.2	0.8	1.6
Humanities	1,750	725	1,020	1.9	1.6	2.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	145	25	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	355	100	250	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	490	175	320	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	75	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	370	195	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	205	120	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,860	1,165	2,700	4.2	2.6	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	340	115	225	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	775	45	730	0.8	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	775	220	550	0.8	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	700	210	490	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,130	525	610	1.2	1.2	1.3
Business, management and public administration	8,295	2,395	5,900	9.1	5.3	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	915	145	770	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,375	2,250	5,125	8.1	5.0	11.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,700	820	880	1.9	1.8	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	805	320	480	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	365	155	205	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	435	310	120	0.5	0.7	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	965	580	385	1.1	1.3	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	735	460	275	0.8	1.0	0.6
25. Library science	75	0	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	145	105	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,375	11,570	805	13.6	25.6	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,170	1,000	175	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,175	1,915	260	2.4	4.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,710	3,595	120	4.1	8.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,480	3,360	120	3.8	7.4	0.3
48. Precision production	1,640	1,590	45	1.8	3.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,490	1,510	975	2.7	3.3	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,060	505	555	1.2	1.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,425	1,010	415	1.6	2.2	0.9
Health and related fields	8,225	1,355	6,865	9.0	3.0	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	760	405	355	0.8	0.9	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,290	860	6,435	8.0	1.9	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	165	95	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,495	1,930	1,565	3.8	4.3	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,080	660	1,420	2.3	1.5	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	425	345	85	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	960	900	60	1.1	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	56,075	27,420	28,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	21,920	11,385	10,535	39.1	41.5	36.8
Education	2,505	470	2,035	4.5	1.7	7.1
13. Education	2,505	470	2,035	4.5	1.7	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	905	320	580	1.6	1.2	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	815	275	545	1.5	1.0	1.9
Humanities	1,145	465	685	2.0	1.7	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	130	30	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	225	75	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	110	245	0.6	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	55	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	100	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	130	75	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,875	800	2,080	5.1	2.9	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	285	75	210	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	545	30	515	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	555	140	415	1.0	0.5	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	500	135	365	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	870	380	490	1.6	1.4	1.7
Business, management and public administration	5,945	1,640	4,305	10.6	6.0	15.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	695	75	620	1.2	0.3	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,245	1,570	3,680	9.4	5.7	12.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,245	535	705	2.2	2.0	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	615	210	405	1.1	0.8	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	270	105	165	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	315	205	105	0.6	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	760	485	280	1.4	1.8	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	620	405	215	1.1	1.5	0.8
25. Library science	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	100	70	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,550	7,870	685	15.2	28.7	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	150	80	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	870	715	150	1.6	2.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,460	1,240	220	2.6	4.5	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,645	2,530	115	4.7	9.2	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,330	2,240	90	4.2	8.2	0.3
48. Precision production	1,095	1,055	35	2.0	3.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,930	1,085	845	3.4	4.0	2.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	780	310	475	1.4	1.1	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,145	775	375	2.0	2.8	1.3
Health and related fields	5,800	1,010	4,795	10.3	3.7	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	625	330	290	1.1	1.2	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,055	615	4,440	9.0	2.2	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,485	1,360	1,125	4.4	5.0	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,480	490	995	2.6	1.8	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	345	260	85	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	655	610	45	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	56,075	27,420	28,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	21,920	11,385	10,535	39.1	41.5	36.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,155	16,035	18,120	60.9	58.5	63.2
Location of study inside Canada	30,800	14,420	16,385	54.9	52.6	57.2
Same as province or territory of residence	21,705	9,980	11,730	38.7	36.4	40.9
Different than province or territory of residence	9,095	4,445	4,655	16.2	16.2	16.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,350	1,615	1,740	6.0	5.9	6.1
Americas	810	390	425	1.4	1.4	1.5
United States of America	695	340	355	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mexico	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,275	650	625	2.3	2.4	2.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	245	120	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	600	330	275	1.1	1.2	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.3
Africa	170	80	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	770	320	455	1.4	1.2	1.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	280	90	190	0.5	0.3	0.7
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	210	130	80	0.4	0.5	0.3
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	330	170	160	0.6	0.6	0.6
Australia	230	115	115	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Zealand	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	91,245	45,120	46,125	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,940	28,745	26,195	...	...	...
Employed	50,415	26,290	24,125	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,525	2,455	2,070	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	36,305	16,375	19,930	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.2	63.7	56.8	60.2	63.7	56.8
Employment rate	55.3	58.3	52.3	55.3	58.3	52.3
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.5	7.9	8.2	8.5	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	91,245	45,120	46,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,020	16,335	19,690	39.5	36.2	42.7
Worked	55,225	28,785	26,435	60.5	63.8	57.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,045	14,990	11,050	28.5	33.2	24.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,185	13,790	15,390	32.0	30.6	33.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	40.8	39.6	40.2	40.8	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,940	28,745	26,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	845	415	435	1.5	1.4	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	54,090	28,335	25,760	98.5	98.6	98.4
Employee	44,035	22,420	21,615	80.2	78.0	82.5
Permanent position	35,625	18,410	17,215	64.8	64.0	65.7
Temporary position	8,410	4,015	4,395	15.3	14.0	16.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,845	825	1,020	3.4	2.9	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,565	3,190	3,380	11.9	11.1	12.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,055	5,910	4,140	18.3	20.6	15.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,940	28,745	26,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	845	415	435	1.5	1.4	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	54,090	28,335	25,760	98.5	98.6	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	405	260	140	0.7	0.9	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,620	1,650	5,970	13.9	5.7	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,095	2,350	745	5.6	8.2	2.8
3 Health occupations	4,300	710	3,585	7.8	2.5	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,580	1,650	3,930	10.2	5.7	15.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,170	420	750	2.1	1.5	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	13,495	5,355	8,145	24.6	18.6	31.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,705	11,620	1,085	23.1	40.4	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,415	2,400	1,010	6.2	8.3	3.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,310	1,915	395	4.2	6.7	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,940	28,745	26,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	845	415	435	1.5	1.4	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	54,090	28,335	25,760	98.5	98.6	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,970	1,895	1,075	5.4	6.6	4.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,315	1,170	145	2.4	4.1	0.6
22 Utilities	380	315	65	0.7	1.1	0.2
23 Construction	6,085	5,115	970	11.1	17.8	3.7
31-33 Manufacturing	3,800	2,975	820	6.9	10.3	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,125	815	310	2.0	2.8	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	6,485	2,890	3,590	11.8	10.1	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,605	2,025	580	4.7	7.0	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	455	250	205	0.8	0.9	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	1,220	345	875	2.2	1.2	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	990	480	510	1.8	1.7	1.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,165	1,550	1,615	5.8	5.4	6.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,085	1,185	905	3.8	4.1	3.5
61 Educational services	3,515	1,000	2,520	6.4	3.5	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,705	995	5,710	12.2	3.5	21.8
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,720	880	840	3.1	3.1	3.2
72 Accommodation and food services	4,305	1,865	2,435	7.8	6.5	9.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,560	1,295	1,260	4.7	4.5	4.8
91 Public administration	2,545	1,260	1,290	4.6	4.4	4.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	60,000	31,260	28,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,900	30,815	28,090	98.2	98.6	97.7
French	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	415	160	255	0.7	0.5	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	430	170	255	0.7	0.5	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	60,000	31,260	28,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,935	31,230	28,710	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	59,710	31,115	28,595	99.5	99.5	99.5
English	59,540	31,065	28,470	99.2	99.4	99.0
French	170	50	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	230	115	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	215	115	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	60,000	31,260	28,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	59,205	30,940	28,265	98.7	99.0	98.3
English	160	65	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
French	305	120	180	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	275	105	170	0.5	0.3	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	235	95	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	50,415	26,290	24,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	7,600	3,365	4,235	15.1	12.8	17.6
Worked outside Canada	120	90	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,640	6,595	2,045	17.1	25.1	8.5
Usual place of work	34,055	16,235	17,820	67.5	61.8	73.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,055	16,235	17,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	22,045	9,845	12,200	64.7	60.6	68.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,035	4,140	3,895	23.6	25.5	21.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,445	1,855	1,590	10.1	11.4	8.9
Commute to a different province or territory	530	395	140	1.6	2.4	0.8
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	42,695	22,830	19,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,255	20,140	17,115	87.3	88.2	86.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	34,725	19,060	15,665	81.3	83.5	78.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,535	1,085	1,445	5.9	4.8	7.3
Public transit	625	285	340	1.5	1.2	1.7
Walked	2,805	1,215	1,595	6.6	5.3	8.0
Bicycle	940	560	380	2.2	2.5	1.9
Other method	1,065	625	440	2.5	2.7	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	42,695	22,830	19,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,605	10,095	10,505	48.3	44.2	52.9
15 to 29 minutes	13,040	6,785	6,255	30.5	29.7	31.5
30 to 44 minutes	4,575	2,645	1,935	10.7	11.6	9.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,830	1,150	675	4.3	5.0	3.4
60 minutes and over	2,650	2,155	495	6.2	9.4	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	42,695	22,830	19,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,205	2,560	650	7.5	11.2	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,835	5,270	2,565	18.4	23.1	12.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,560	5,980	5,585	27.1	26.2	28.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,355	3,670	5,685	21.9	16.1	28.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,675	1,685	2,995	10.9	7.4	15.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,055	3,675	2,385	14.2	16.1	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,655	10,120	9,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,270	670	605	6.5	6.6	6.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,385	9,455	8,935	93.5	93.4	93.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,495	7,490	7,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	950	500	445	6.6	6.7	6.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	460	225	235	3.2	3.0	3.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	485	275	210	3.3	3.7	3.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,550	6,985	6,565	93.5	93.3	93.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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