Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fleetwood--Port KellsMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	117,420	58,120	59,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,695	9,710	8,980	15.9	16.7	15.1
0 to 4 years	5,385	2,740	2,645	4.6	4.7	4.5
5 to 9 years	6,345	3,305	3,040	5.4	5.7	5.1
10 to 14 years	6,970	3,670	3,300	5.9	6.3	5.6
15 to 64 years	80,385	39,900	40,485	68.5	68.7	68.3
15 to 19 years	7,480	3,845	3,640	6.4	6.6	6.1
20 to 24 years	8,875	4,660	4,210	7.6	8.0	7.1
25 to 29 years	8,400	4,330	4,070	7.2	7.5	6.9
30 to 34 years	8,100	4,030	4,070	6.9	6.9	6.9
35 to 39 years	8,265	4,045	4,220	7.0	7.0	7.1
40 to 44 years	8,040	3,950	4,090	6.8	6.8	6.9
45 to 49 years	7,660	3,585	4,080	6.5	6.2	6.9
50 to 54 years	8,100	3,895	4,205	6.9	6.7	7.1
55 to 59 years	8,170	4,050	4,115	7.0	7.0	6.9
60 to 64 years	7,290	3,515	3,780	6.2	6.0	6.4
65 years and over	18,340	8,505	9,835	15.6	14.6	16.6
65 to 69 years	5,970	2,900	3,070	5.1	5.0	5.2
70 to 74 years	4,945	2,370	2,570	4.2	4.1	4.3
75 to 79 years	3,225	1,460	1,765	2.7	2.5	3.0
80 to 84 years	2,095	960	1,140	1.8	1.7	1.9
85 years and over	2,105	820	1,290	1.8	1.4	2.2
85 to 89 years	1,240	500	735	1.1	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	665	265	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
95 to 99 years	170	50	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	40	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.9	16.7	15.1	15.9	16.7	15.1
15 to 64 years	68.5	68.7	68.3	68.5	68.7	68.3
65 years and over	15.6	14.6	16.6	15.6	14.6	16.6
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.2	1.8	1.4	2.2
Average age of the population	40.1	39.2	41.0	40.1	39.2	41.0
Median age of the population	39.2	38.0	40.4	39.2	38.0	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	10,175	...	...	27.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	325	...	...	0.9	...	...
Row house	6,285	...	...	17.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	9,765	...	...	26.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	9,280	...	...	25.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	850	...	...	2.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	245	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,420	...	...	17.4	...	...
2 persons	9,640	...	...	26.1	...	...
3 persons	6,770	...	...	18.3	...	...
4 persons	6,875	...	...	18.6	...	...
5 or more persons	7,215	...	...	19.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	116,625	57,860	58,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	98,725	48,410	50,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,685	28,825	28,860	58.4	59.5	57.4
Married	53,600	26,785	26,820	54.3	55.3	53.3
Living common-law	4,085	2,045	2,035	4.1	4.2	4.0
Living common law - Never married	2,920	1,470	1,455	3.0	3.0	2.9
Living common law - Separated	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	860	440	420	0.9	0.9	0.8
Living common law - Widowed	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	41,040	19,580	21,460	41.6	40.4	42.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,560	16,115	13,445	29.9	33.3	26.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,075	815	1,260	2.1	1.7	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,395	1,700	2,690	4.5	3.5	5.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,005	945	4,065	5.1	2.0	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	32,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	13,210	...	...	40.5	...	...
3 persons	7,935	...	...	24.4	...	...
4 persons	8,145	...	...	25.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,290	...	...	10.1	...	...
Average size of census families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	32,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	27,590	...	...	84.7	...	...
Married couples	25,555	...	...	78.4	...	...
With children⁶	16,490	...	...	50.6	...	...
Without children	9,065	...	...	27.8	...	...
Common-law couples	2,045	...	...	6.3	...	...
With children⁶	875	...	...	2.7	...	...
Without children	1,160	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,985	...	...	15.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,005	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	980	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,625	57,860	58,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	100,250	50,080	50,170	86.0	86.6	85.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	55,190	27,590	27,600	47.3	47.7	47.0
Parents in one-parent families	4,985	980	4,005	4.3	1.7	6.8
Children⁶	40,075	21,515	18,565	34.4	37.2	31.6
In a two-parent family	32,390	17,315	15,080	27.8	29.9	25.7
In a one-parent family	7,685	4,200	3,485	6.6	7.3	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	16,370	7,780	8,595	14.0	13.4	14.6
Living alone	6,420	3,030	3,395	5.5	5.2	5.8
Living with other relatives⁷	5,180	1,960	3,225	4.4	3.4	5.5
Living with non-relatives only	4,770	2,790	1,980	4.1	4.8	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,900	...	...	59.3	...	...
Couple-family households	18,690	...	...	50.6	...	...
With children⁶	12,085	...	...	32.7	...	...
Without children	6,605	...	...	17.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,205	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	4,125	...	...	11.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	815	...	...	2.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,950	...	...	5.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,715	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	6,420	...	...	17.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	97,940	48,155	49,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,895	46,180	47,715	95.9	95.9	95.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,200	32,400	36,400	41,200	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,920	46,190	47,730	95.9	95.9	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	37,600	30,800	33,600	37,600	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,865	40,985	39,875	82.6	85.1	80.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	39,200	25,600	32,000	39,200	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,640	35,490	33,150	70.1	73.7	66.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,000	29,400	35,600	42,000	29,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,030	37,895	43,135	82.7	78.7	86.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	7,300	10,200	9,000	7,300	10,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,530	4,050	5,480	9.7	8.4	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,880	14,960	15,915	31.5	31.1	32.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	97,920	48,120	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,765	46,235	47,535	95.8	96.1	95.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,960	50,920	39,160	44,960	50,920	39,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,780	46,245	47,540	95.8	96.1	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,480	35,040	39,200	43,480	35,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,730	41,045	39,680	82.4	85.3	79.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,440	48,360	34,280	41,440	48,360	34,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,610	35,455	33,155	70.1	73.7	66.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	49,040	35,560	42,520	49,040	35,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,885	37,830	43,055	82.6	78.6	86.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,780	9,760	11,670	10,780	9,760	11,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,540	3,990	5,550	9.7	8.3	11.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,365	5,665	6,870	6,365	5,665	6,870
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,660	14,845	15,815	31.3	30.8	31.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,180	8,980	9,360	9,180	8,980	9,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	97,920	48,120	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,425	17,710	12,720	31.1	36.8	25.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	57,200	61,200	52,400	57,200	61,200	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	64,200	69,500	56,800	64,200	69,500	56,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,890	12,800	15,085	28.5	26.6	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,400	16,800	18,400	20,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,640	29,960	23,860	26,640	29,960	23,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.4	84.4	73.0	79.4	84.4	73.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.2	73.8	63.3	69.2	73.8	63.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.7	15.7	27.0	20.7	15.7	27.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.0	2.1	1.4	1.0	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	8.3	6.8	10.0	8.3	6.8	10.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	6.7	5.7	8.0	6.7	5.7	8.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	97,940	48,155	49,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,045	1,970	2,075	4.1	4.1	4.2
With total income	93,895	46,180	47,715	95.9	95.9	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,390	4,480	5,905	11.1	9.7	12.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,395	5,390	7,005	13.2	11.7	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	15,680	6,770	8,910	16.7	14.7	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,660	5,680	6,985	13.5	12.3	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,985	5,140	5,845	11.7	11.1	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,715	4,195	4,520	9.3	9.1	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,330	3,570	2,750	6.7	7.7	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,690	2,900	1,795	5.0	6.3	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,350	2,070	1,285	3.6	4.5	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,465	1,570	895	2.6	3.4	1.9
$100,000 and over	6,235	4,420	1,815	6.6	9.6	3.8
$100,000 to $149,999	4,640	3,155	1,485	4.9	6.8	3.1
$150,000 and over	1,595	1,265	330	1.7	2.7	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	97,940	48,155	49,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,020	1,960	2,055	4.1	4.1	4.1
With after-tax income	93,920	46,190	47,735	95.9	95.9	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,600	4,565	6,035	11.3	9.9	12.6
$10,000 to $19,999	12,725	5,545	7,180	13.6	12.0	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	17,700	7,680	10,020	18.9	16.6	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	14,670	6,825	7,845	15.6	14.8	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	12,305	5,845	6,460	13.1	12.7	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	8,910	4,765	4,140	9.5	10.3	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,910	3,580	2,335	6.3	7.8	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,935	2,470	1,465	4.2	5.3	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,595	1,660	935	2.8	3.6	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,575	1,035	545	1.7	2.2	1.1
$100,000 and over	2,980	2,220	760	3.2	4.8	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	1,725	1,225	500	1.8	2.7	1.1
$125,000 and over	1,255	995	260	1.3	2.2	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	97,940	48,155	49,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,300	12,665	16,640	29.9	26.3	33.4
With employment income	68,645	35,490	33,150	70.1	73.7	66.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,665	3,995	4,670	12.6	11.3	14.1
$5,000 to $9,999	6,215	2,650	3,565	9.0	7.5	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,895	3,980	4,915	13.0	11.2	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	6,690	3,045	3,645	9.7	8.6	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	7,225	3,415	3,810	10.5	9.6	11.5
$40,000 to $49,999	6,945	3,435	3,515	10.1	9.7	10.6
$50,000 to $59,999	6,140	3,180	2,960	8.9	9.0	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,785	2,890	1,895	7.0	8.1	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,605	2,315	1,290	5.3	6.5	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,615	1,685	935	3.8	4.7	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,990	1,335	655	2.9	3.7	2.0
$100,000 and over	4,875	3,570	1,295	7.1	10.1	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,650	1,820	830	3.9	5.1	2.5
$125,000 and over	2,215	1,750	465	3.2	4.9	1.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	97,940	48,155	49,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,400	44,410	45,990	92.3	92.2	92.4
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	28,400	33,200	39,600	28,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,595	44,445	46,150	92.5	92.3	92.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,400	35,600	26,600	30,400	35,600	26,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	79,600	40,295	39,305	81.3	83.7	78.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,400	27,600	33,200	40,400	27,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	69,350	35,695	33,655	70.8	74.1	67.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,200	42,000	29,600	35,200	42,000	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,410	27,805	36,605	65.8	57.7	73.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,400	1,590	5,120	3,400	1,590	5,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,055	2,385	3,670	6.2	5.0	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,560	5,400	5,080	4,560	5,400
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	97,920	48,120	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,280	44,405	45,875	92.2	92.3	92.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,560	47,960	35,400	41,560	47,960	35,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,460	44,430	46,025	92.4	92.3	92.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,920	40,800	31,160	35,920	40,800	31,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	79,475	40,275	39,205	81.2	83.7	78.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,440	48,440	34,280	41,440	48,440	34,280
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	69,435	35,865	33,565	70.9	74.5	67.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,960	48,320	35,200	41,960	48,320	35,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,190	27,750	36,435	65.6	57.7	73.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,160	6,470	7,680	7,160	6,470	7,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,965	2,460	3,505	6.1	5.1	7.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,730	5,790	7,390	6,730	5,790	7,390
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	97,920	48,120	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,120	17,510	12,615	30.8	36.4	25.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	58,800	48,000	53,200	58,800	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,650	65,500	51,450	59,650	65,500	51,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,150	12,105	14,045	26.7	25.2	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,600	27,400	22,800	24,600	27,400	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,680	35,360	28,520	31,680	35,360	28,520
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.8	91.6	82.8	87.8	91.6	82.8
Employment income (%)	77.6	81.4	72.8	77.6	81.4	72.8
Government transfers (%)	12.2	8.4	17.2	12.2	8.4	17.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	30,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,200	...	...	114,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	99,600	...	...	99,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,420	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,560	...	...	41,560	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	30,515	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,800	...	...	111,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	535	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,045	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	885	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	925	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,120	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,085	...	...	2.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,140	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,385	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,330	...	...	6.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,345	...	...	6.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,150	...	...	5.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,125	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	18,110	...	...	49.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,810	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,960	...	...	10.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,930	...	...	13.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,410	...	...	11.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	405	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	205	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	555	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,095	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	985	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,030	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,305	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,245	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,315	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,795	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,650	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,640	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,540	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,415	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,565	...	...	42.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,180	...	...	14.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,760	...	...	10.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,625	...	...	17.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,695	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	17,165	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,185	5,815	5,375	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,800	32,400	34,800	36,800	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	34,400	31,000	32,400	34,400	31,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,400	...	...	126,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...	110,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	17,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,800	...	...	147,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,600	...	...	84,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	76,100	...	...	76,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,065	5,620	5,450	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,920	45,120	38,600	41,920	45,120	38,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,000	39,280	34,680	37,000	39,280	34,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,625	57,860	58,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,020	11,930	11,090	19.7	20.6	18.9
0 to 5 years	6,565	3,350	3,220	5.6	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	75,905	37,600	38,305	65.1	65.0	65.2
65 years and over	17,695	8,325	9,370	15.2	14.4	15.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,935	4,705	5,235	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,510	1,280	1,230	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	720	345	370	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,325	2,525	2,800	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,105	900	1,200	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	8.1	8.9	8.5	8.1	8.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	10.7	11.1	10.9	10.7	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.4	11.5	10.9	10.4	11.5
18 to 64 years (%)	7.0	6.7	7.3	7.0	6.7	7.3
65 years and over (%)	11.9	10.8	12.8	11.9	10.8	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	116,625	57,860	58,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	23,020	11,930	11,090	19.7	20.6	18.9
0 to 5 years	6,565	3,350	3,220	5.6	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	75,905	37,600	38,305	65.1	65.0	65.2
65 years and over	17,695	8,325	9,370	15.2	14.4	15.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	6,415	3,280	3,135	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,255	655	595	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	330	170	160	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,315	2,245	2,065	...	...	...
65 years and over	850	375	475	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	5.5	5.7	5.3	5.5	5.7	5.3
0 to 17 years (%)	5.5	5.5	5.4	5.5	5.5	5.4
0 to 5 years (%)	5.0	5.0	4.9	5.0	5.0	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	6.0	5.4	5.7	6.0	5.4
65 years and over (%)	4.8	4.5	5.1	4.8	4.5	5.1
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,620	57,860	58,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	53,155	26,020	27,135	45.6	45.0	46.2
In bottom decile	9,730	4,795	4,930	8.3	8.3	8.4
In second decile	10,065	4,775	5,290	8.6	8.3	9.0
In third decile	10,245	5,065	5,180	8.8	8.8	8.8
In fourth decile	11,185	5,475	5,705	9.6	9.5	9.7
In fifth decile	11,930	5,910	6,030	10.2	10.2	10.3
In top half of the distribution	63,465	31,840	31,630	54.4	55.0	53.8
In sixth decile	12,660	6,310	6,360	10.9	10.9	10.8
In seventh decile	13,115	6,600	6,515	11.2	11.4	11.1
In eighth decile	13,950	6,955	6,995	12.0	12.0	11.9
In ninth decile	13,680	6,835	6,850	11.7	11.8	11.7
In top decile	10,055	5,145	4,915	8.6	8.9	8.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,620	...	...	116,620	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.387	...	...	0.387	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.258	...	...	0.258	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	116,900	57,935	58,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	104,990	52,840	52,145	89.8	91.2	88.4
French only	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	3,415	1,590	1,825	2.9	2.7	3.1
Neither English nor French	8,445	3,475	4,965	7.2	6.0	8.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	116,900	57,935	58,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	107,525	53,980	53,545	92.0	93.2	90.8
French	545	290	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
English and French	535	250	280	0.5	0.4	0.5
Neither English nor French	8,295	3,415	4,880	7.1	5.9	8.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	116,900	57,935	58,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,720	53,420	54,300	92.1	92.2	92.1
Official languages	43,550	22,435	21,120	37.3	38.7	35.8
English	43,085	22,180	20,910	36.9	38.3	35.5
French	470	255	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	64,170	30,990	33,180	54.9	53.5	56.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	64,155	30,980	33,175	54.9	53.5	56.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,370	1,745	1,625	2.9	3.0	2.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,260	1,675	1,580	2.8	2.9	2.7
Amharic	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	2,130	1,100	1,030	1.8	1.9	1.7
Aramaic languages	785	395	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	255	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic, n.o.s.	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	3,210	1,470	1,740	2.7	2.5	3.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	230	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	2,980	1,355	1,620	2.5	2.3	2.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	8,295	3,695	4,600	7.1	6.4	7.8
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	530	235	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indonesian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	6,890	3,070	3,825	5.9	5.3	6.5
Waray-Waray	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	930	480	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kannada	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	310	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	415	220	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Telugu	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	34,830	17,215	17,615	29.8	29.7	29.9
Albanian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,485	715	770	1.3	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,480	715	760	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	595	295	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian	315	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	315	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Croatian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	945	415	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
Frisian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	515	235	280	0.4	0.4	0.5
German	505	235	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	345	140	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	320	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	29,890	14,840	15,045	25.6	25.6	25.5
Indo-Aryan languages	28,920	14,365	14,555	24.7	24.8	24.7
Assamese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	245	135	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	355	170	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	2,790	1,355	1,435	2.4	2.3	2.4
Kacchi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	23,695	11,780	11,910	20.3	20.3	20.2
Rohingya	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	1,210	605	605	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	965	480	485	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	770	380	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	465	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	170	90	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,245	1,105	1,145	1.9	1.9	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	240	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	380	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,505	740	760	1.3	1.3	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	220	75	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	3,105	1,460	1,645	2.7	2.5	2.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	295	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	9,125	4,315	4,805	7.8	7.4	8.1
Chinese languages	8,910	4,215	4,695	7.6	7.3	8.0
Hakka	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mandarin	5,950	2,820	3,130	5.1	4.9	5.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	440	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	2,335	1,100	1,240	2.0	1.9	2.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	355	165	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lao	280	145	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Thai	65	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	180	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,175	4,510	4,665	7.8	7.8	7.9
English and French	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,070	4,000	4,075	6.9	6.9	6.9
French and non-official language(s)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	790	365	430	0.7	0.6	0.7
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	116,900	57,935	58,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,450	23,235	22,210	38.9	40.1	37.7
French	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	24,235	11,555	12,680	20.7	19.9	21.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	24,235	11,555	12,680	20.7	19.9	21.5
English and French	340	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	44,175	21,665	22,515	37.8	37.4	38.2
French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	600	275	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	1,970	970	1,000	1.7	1.7	1.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	116,900	57,935	58,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	105,275	52,225	53,050	90.1	90.1	90.0
Official languages	60,485	30,475	30,005	51.7	52.6	50.9
English	60,320	30,385	29,930	51.6	52.4	50.8
French	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-official languages	44,785	21,745	23,040	38.3	37.5	39.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	44,785	21,745	23,040	38.3	37.5	39.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,550	1,270	1,280	2.2	2.2	2.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,475	1,230	1,250	2.1	2.1	2.1
Amharic	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,605	795	810	1.4	1.4	1.4
Aramaic languages	645	320	325	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	210	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic, n.o.s.	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,270	1,015	1,255	1.9	1.8	2.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	140	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	2,130	950	1,175	1.8	1.6	2.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,715	2,200	2,510	4.0	3.8	4.3
Bikol	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	280	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,050	1,890	2,155	3.5	3.3	3.7
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	610	310	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,270	12,000	12,270	20.8	20.7	20.8
Albanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	705	335	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	705	335	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	270	130	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	22,200	10,995	11,205	19.0	19.0	19.0
Indo-Aryan languages	21,575	10,690	10,880	18.5	18.5	18.5
Assamese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	1,605	785	815	1.4	1.4	1.4
Kacchi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	18,290	9,070	9,225	15.6	15.7	15.6
Rohingya	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	935	470	460	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	630	305	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	485	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	285	135	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Iranian Persian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,180	570	610	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	920	455	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	2,605	1,225	1,380	2.2	2.1	2.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	7,100	3,410	3,695	6.1	5.9	6.3
Chinese languages	6,940	3,330	3,615	5.9	5.7	6.1
Hakka	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,905	2,365	2,535	4.2	4.1	4.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,665	785	880	1.4	1.4	1.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	170	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	11,625	5,710	5,915	9.9	9.9	10.0
English and French	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	11,190	5,495	5,690	9.6	9.5	9.6
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	285	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	116,900	57,935	58,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	79,200	39,525	39,675	67.8	68.2	67.3
English	16,135	8,000	8,135	13.8	13.8	13.8
French	395	180	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	16,430	7,920	8,515	14.1	13.7	14.4
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	16,425	7,915	8,515	14.1	13.7	14.4
English and French	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,665	1,325	1,340	2.3	2.3	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,715	820	895	1.5	1.4	1.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	116,640	57,710	58,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,315	54,325	53,990	92.9	94.1	91.6
English	108,280	54,315	53,965	92.8	94.1	91.6
French	3,405	1,605	1,800	2.9	2.8	3.1
Non-official languages	80,450	38,985	41,465	69.0	67.6	70.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	80,440	38,985	41,450	69.0	67.6	70.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,850	2,025	1,830	3.3	3.5	3.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hausa	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,760	1,970	1,790	3.2	3.4	3.0
Amharic	235	130	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	2,995	1,545	1,450	2.6	2.7	2.5
Aramaic languages	1,125	605	520	1.0	1.0	0.9
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	410	235	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	545	280	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic, n.o.s.	165	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	315	165	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	4,445	2,080	2,365	3.8	3.6	4.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	360	190	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	4,125	1,910	2,220	3.5	3.3	3.8
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	11,450	5,050	6,400	9.8	8.8	10.9
Bikol	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	485	220	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Fijian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hiligaynon	280	110	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ilocano	815	335	475	0.7	0.6	0.8
Indonesian	150	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pangasinan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10,875	4,765	6,110	9.3	8.3	10.4
Waray-Waray	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	170	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,505	740	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Kannada	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	460	250	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	790	390	400	0.7	0.7	0.7
Telugu	270	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	44,990	22,440	22,545	38.6	38.9	38.3
Albanian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,820	925	895	1.6	1.6	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,815	920	895	1.6	1.6	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	715	365	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	530	245	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	420	230	190	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	110	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,175	550	620	1.0	1.0	1.1
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	710	335	375	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	690	330	365	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	400	180	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Afrikaans	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	38,655	19,305	19,345	33.1	33.5	32.8
Indo-Aryan languages	37,530	18,730	18,805	32.2	32.5	31.9
Assamese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	335	180	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	645	345	300	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hindi	11,695	5,740	5,955	10.0	9.9	10.1
Kacchi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Marathi	185	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nepali	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30,930	15,435	15,495	26.5	26.7	26.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Urdu	2,155	1,090	1,060	1.8	1.9	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,355	725	635	1.2	1.3	1.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	180	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian languages	1,000	530	470	0.9	0.9	0.8
Dari	565	310	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Iranian Persian	305	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,470	1,765	1,700	3.0	3.1	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	370	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	485	240	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	150	100	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Spanish	2,570	1,310	1,260	2.2	2.3	2.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	535	225	310	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korean	3,375	1,555	1,815	2.9	2.7	3.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	625	325	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	265	150	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	90	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	120	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10,790	5,195	5,590	9.3	9.0	9.5
Chinese languages	10,570	5,080	5,485	9.1	8.8	9.3
Hakka	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	8,180	3,995	4,180	7.0	6.9	7.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	825	405	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Wu (Shanghainese)	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	3,410	1,565	1,845	2.9	2.7	3.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	545	295	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Lao	410	215	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Thai	170	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	220	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	190	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	205	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,640	57,710	58,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,940	940	1,005	1.7	1.6	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,850	885	965	1.6	1.5	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	905	425	480	0.8	0.7	0.8
Métis	920	455	465	0.8	0.8	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	114,705	56,770	57,925	98.3	98.4	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,640	57,710	58,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	525	205	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	116,120	57,505	58,610	99.6	99.6	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	25,950	...	...	70.3	...	...
Renter	10,980	...	...	29.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,300	...	...	19.8	...	...
Not condominium	29,630	...	...	80.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	215	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	4,300	...	...	11.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,120	...	...	27.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,750	...	...	26.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,550	...	...	34.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,100	...	...	38.2	...	...
5 rooms	5,950	...	...	16.1	...	...
6 rooms	4,140	...	...	11.2	...	...
7 rooms	3,225	...	...	8.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	9,515	...	...	25.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	33,795	...	...	91.5	...	...
More than one person per room	3,140	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	31,905	...	...	86.4	...	...
Not suitable	5,025	...	...	13.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,115	...	...	3.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	4,875	...	...	13.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,825	...	...	21.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	9,565	...	...	25.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,325	...	...	11.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,705	...	...	10.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,710	...	...	7.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,815	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	35,370	...	...	95.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,565	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,775	...	...	40.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	17,055	...	...	46.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	5,105	...	...	13.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	815	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,020	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,225	...	...	19.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,870	...	...	21.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,210	...	...	22.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,430	...	...	14.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,465	...	...	6.7	...	...
85 years and over	900	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	27,745	...	...	75.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,050	...	...	24.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,245	...	...	22.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,935	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,190	...	...	38.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,900	...	...	21.4	...	...
Not suitable only	4,035	...	...	10.9	...	...
Major repairs needed only	860	...	...	2.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	695	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	410	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	250	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	22,740	...	...	61.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,825	...	...	16.2	...	...
Not in core need	30,165	...	...	83.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,915	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	67.7	...	...	67.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	22.6	...	...	22.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,760	...	...	1,760	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,924	...	...	1,924	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,032,000	...	...	1,032,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,980	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.6	...	...	9.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	29.4	...	...	29.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	30.8	...	...	30.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,200	...	...	1,200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,316	...	...	1,316	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	116,640	57,715	58,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	635	270	365	0.5	0.5	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	620	265	355	0.5	0.5	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	360	125	230	0.3	0.2	0.4
Métis single ancestry	245	140	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,540	785	760	1.3	1.4	1.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,500	755	740	1.3	1.3	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	915	470	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	565	275	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	114,470	56,660	57,810	98.1	98.2	98.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	116,640	57,710	58,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	94,015	46,825	47,190	80.6	81.1	80.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,655	10,480	10,170	17.7	18.2	17.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	73,360	36,350	37,015	62.9	63.0	62.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	22,630	10,885	11,745	19.4	18.9	19.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	116,640	57,710	58,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	50,960	25,980	24,985	43.7	45.0	42.4
Immigrants⁸¹	60,145	28,825	31,325	51.6	49.9	53.2
Before 1980	5,960	2,835	3,130	5.1	4.9	5.3
1980 to 1990	6,890	3,470	3,415	5.9	6.0	5.8
1991 to 2000	13,250	6,430	6,820	11.4	11.1	11.6
2001 to 2010	17,110	8,070	9,045	14.7	14.0	15.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	16,930	8,015	8,915	14.5	13.9	15.1
2011 to 2015	8,505	3,960	4,545	7.3	6.9	7.7
2016 to 2021	8,425	4,055	4,370	7.2	7.0	7.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,535	2,910	2,625	4.7	5.0	4.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	60,145	28,820	31,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,880	2,075	1,800	6.5	7.2	5.7
5 to 14 years	8,865	4,600	4,270	14.7	16.0	13.6
15 to 24 years	13,475	6,225	7,250	22.4	21.6	23.1
25 to 44 years	25,335	11,940	13,395	42.1	41.4	42.8
45 years and over	8,595	3,985	4,610	14.3	13.8	14.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	60,145	28,820	31,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,535	1,320	1,215	4.2	4.6	3.9
Brazil	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	170	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
El Salvador	385	225	155	0.6	0.8	0.5
Guyana	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	180	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	225	85	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
Peru	85	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	630	345	285	1.0	1.2	0.9
Other places of birth in Americas	575	295	275	1.0	1.0	0.9
Europe	4,100	2,035	2,065	6.8	7.1	6.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Croatia	150	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
France	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	295	120	170	0.5	0.4	0.5
Greece	85	45	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	180	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	295	130	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Poland	535	265	265	0.9	0.9	0.8
Portugal	175	80	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romania	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	140	55	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,090	560	535	1.8	1.9	1.7
Other places of birth in Europe	605	305	300	1.0	1.1	1.0
Africa	1,870	960	915	3.1	3.3	2.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Egypt	150	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Eritrea	215	120	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ethiopia	170	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Morocco	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	200	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Somalia	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Africa	890	445	440	1.5	1.5	1.4
Asia	49,920	23,725	26,195	83.0	82.3	83.6
Afghanistan	430	200	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	300	170	130	0.5	0.6	0.4
Iraq	1,810	995	810	3.0	3.5	2.6
Lebanon	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	415	215	205	0.7	0.7	0.7
Turkey	55	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	5,195	2,400	2,790	8.6	8.3	8.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	720	355	365	1.2	1.2	1.2
Korea, South⁹²	2,505	1,165	1,345	4.2	4.0	4.3
Taiwan	1,385	675	710	2.3	2.3	2.3
Philippines	10,585	4,680	5,905	17.6	16.2	18.9
Viet Nam	2,795	1,245	1,545	4.6	4.3	4.9
Bangladesh	160	90	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
India	19,060	9,275	9,785	31.7	32.2	31.2
Pakistan	1,160	580	580	1.9	2.0	1.9
Sri Lanka	500	230	275	0.8	0.8	0.9
Other places of birth in Asia	2,720	1,355	1,360	4.5	4.7	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,715	790	935	2.9	2.7	3.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,425	4,055	4,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	470	260	210	5.6	6.4	4.8
Brazil	75	40	35	0.9	1.0	0.8
Colombia	40	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Mexico	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
United States of America	110	70	45	1.3	1.7	1.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	160	85	75	1.9	2.1	1.7
Europe	190	70	120	2.3	1.7	2.7
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	85	40	45	1.0	1.0	1.0
Africa	505	250	250	6.0	6.2	5.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	55	25	30	0.7	0.6	0.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Eritrea	125	80	45	1.5	2.0	1.0
Ethiopia	45	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	100	45	55	1.2	1.1	1.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	115	50	65	1.4	1.2	1.5
Asia	7,215	3,440	3,775	85.6	84.8	86.4
Afghanistan	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bangladesh	30	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
China⁹⁰	655	295	355	7.8	7.3	8.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	45	25	0.8	1.1	0.6
India	3,125	1,495	1,630	37.1	36.9	37.3
Iran⁸⁸	35	25	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Iraq	470	270	195	5.6	6.7	4.5
Israel	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Japan	30	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.7
Jordan	35	15	20	0.4	0.4	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	305	140	160	3.6	3.5	3.7
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepal	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pakistan	205	110	95	2.4	2.7	2.2
Philippines	1,415	635	780	16.8	15.7	17.8
Saudi Arabia	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Sri Lanka	30	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.5
Syria⁸⁹	290	150	140	3.4	3.7	3.2
Turkey	20	20	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
United Arab Emirates	30	15	10	0.4	0.4	0.2
Viet Nam	155	50	105	1.8	1.2	2.4
Other places of birth in Asia	210	90	120	2.5	2.2	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	40	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Australia	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	30	25	0	0.4	0.6	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	116,645	57,710	58,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	66,695	32,195	34,500	57.2	55.8	58.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	30,860	15,815	15,040	26.5	27.4	25.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	19,090	9,700	9,395	16.4	16.8	15.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	54,185	25,990	28,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	25,540	12,430	13,110	47.1	47.8	46.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,090	5,585	4,505	18.6	21.5	16.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	15,450	6,845	8,605	28.5	26.3	30.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	20,930	9,270	11,665	38.6	35.7	41.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	7,325	4,110	3,220	13.5	15.8	11.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	375	185	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	54,185	25,990	28,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,315	795	515	2.4	3.1	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,405	1,610	2,795	8.1	6.2	9.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,015	570	445	1.9	2.2	1.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,925	990	930	3.6	3.8	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	225	105	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	45,295	21,920	23,380	83.6	84.3	82.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	116,640	57,715	58,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	88,400	43,495	44,900	75.8	75.4	76.2
South Asian	41,230	20,715	20,510	35.3	35.9	34.8
Chinese	11,150	5,430	5,720	9.6	9.4	9.7
Black	2,635	1,395	1,240	2.3	2.4	2.1
Filipino	13,940	6,460	7,480	12.0	11.2	12.7
Arab	2,470	1,230	1,240	2.1	2.1	2.1
Latin American	1,860	970	895	1.6	1.7	1.5
Southeast Asian	6,015	2,860	3,155	5.2	5.0	5.4
West Asian	1,475	795	680	1.3	1.4	1.2
Korean	3,435	1,590	1,845	2.9	2.8	3.1
Japanese	490	200	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	1,060	585	475	0.9	1.0	0.8
Multiple visible minorities	2,645	1,265	1,380	2.3	2.2	2.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,240	14,215	14,030	24.2	24.6	23.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	116,640	57,710	58,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,055	3,075	2,975	5.2	5.3	5.0
English	7,560	3,735	3,825	6.5	6.5	6.5
Irish	4,635	2,240	2,395	4.0	3.9	4.1
Scottish	5,630	2,600	3,025	4.8	4.5	5.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,430	1,185	1,245	2.1	2.1	2.1
German	4,640	2,300	2,340	4.0	4.0	4.0
Chinese	11,375	5,480	5,890	9.8	9.5	10.0
Italian	1,445	645	800	1.2	1.1	1.4
Indian (India)	22,980	11,475	11,505	19.7	19.9	19.5
Ukrainian	2,175	1,110	1,070	1.9	1.9	1.8
Dutch	2,110	1,015	1,095	1.8	1.8	1.9
Polish	1,860	845	1,020	1.6	1.5	1.7
Québécois	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,670	795	870	1.4	1.4	1.5
Filipino	13,285	6,185	7,100	11.4	10.7	12.0
French Canadian	255	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,030	580	440	0.9	1.0	0.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	810	410	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Métis	875	445	430	0.8	0.8	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,045	515	535	0.9	0.9	0.9
Russian	1,070	495	575	0.9	0.9	1.0
Norwegian	1,080	505	570	0.9	0.9	1.0
Welsh	735	375	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	650	310	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
American	565	310	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Spanish	1,505	645	860	1.3	1.1	1.5
Swedish	830	400	430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Hungarian	570	260	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Acadian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	1,520	715	800	1.3	1.2	1.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	655	315	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jewish	120	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	8,905	4,535	4,370	7.6	7.9	7.4
Vietnamese	4,590	2,150	2,440	3.9	3.7	4.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	795	445	355	0.7	0.8	0.6
Greek	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	270	160	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,860	880	980	1.6	1.5	1.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	3,265	1,510	1,755	2.8	2.6	3.0
Romanian	385	225	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Lebanese	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	330	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	780	395	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Danish	490	220	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sikh	7,095	3,545	3,550	6.1	6.1	6.0
Austrian	460	185	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Belgian	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,750	970	780	1.5	1.7	1.3
Mexican	430	200	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	165	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Finnish	285	155	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Sri Lankan	460	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatian	315	165	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	720	330	385	0.6	0.6	0.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	1,445	670	775	1.2	1.2	1.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	205	115	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	430	210	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egyptian	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	425	230	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	280	145	135	0.2	0.3	0.2
Icelandic	230	120	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	395	220	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Guyanese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	695	355	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	215	125	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	135	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	220	125	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	175	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Armenian	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	1,260	605	655	1.1	1.0	1.1
Iraqi	855	460	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Salvadorean	360	210	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
African Caribbean	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	685	315	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	175	85	85	0.2	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
South African	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chilean	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	195	80	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	420	215	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	70	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	160	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eritrean	255	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Canadian	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	60	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	55	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	555	300	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ilocano	465	215	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern Irish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	265	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ecuadorian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Fijian	1,540	775	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Jatt	845	445	395	0.7	0.8	0.7
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	175	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Igbo	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	295	155	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	390	200	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sinhalese	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mayan	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	65	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	125	80	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	116,640	57,710	58,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	3,770	1,675	2,095	3.2	2.9	3.6
Christian	41,505	19,580	21,925	35.6	33.9	37.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,460	5,545	5,910	9.8	9.6	10.0
Anabaptist	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	960	425	535	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baptist	1,510	750	760	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catholic	18,830	8,875	9,955	16.1	15.4	16.9
Christian Orthodox	1,070	585	485	0.9	1.0	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	800	360	440	0.7	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	495	190	305	0.4	0.3	0.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,470	660	805	1.3	1.1	1.4
Presbyterian	760	330	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Reformed	385	165	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
United Church	1,040	400	640	0.9	0.7	1.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,185	1,055	1,125	1.9	1.8	1.9
Hindu	6,375	3,325	3,055	5.5	5.8	5.2
Jewish	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	6,125	3,055	3,065	5.3	5.3	5.2
Sikh	29,240	14,590	14,650	25.1	25.3	24.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	440	210	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
No religion and secular perspectives	29,035	15,190	13,845	24.9	26.3	23.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	115,570	57,165	58,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,450	50,225	51,220	87.8	87.9	87.7
Movers	14,120	6,935	7,185	12.2	12.1	12.3
Non-migrants	9,340	4,580	4,755	8.1	8.0	8.1
Migrants	4,785	2,360	2,425	4.1	4.1	4.2
Internal migrants	3,190	1,580	1,610	2.8	2.8	2.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,280	1,065	1,215	2.0	1.9	2.1
Interprovincial migrants	905	515	395	0.8	0.9	0.7
External migrants	1,595	775	815	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	111,250	54,970	56,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	66,680	32,855	33,830	59.9	59.8	60.1
Movers	44,570	22,115	22,455	40.1	40.2	39.9
Non-migrants	23,255	11,430	11,830	20.9	20.8	21.0
Migrants	21,320	10,690	10,625	19.2	19.4	18.9
Internal migrants	11,400	5,725	5,680	10.2	10.4	10.1
Intraprovincial migrants	9,095	4,495	4,595	8.2	8.2	8.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,305	1,230	1,075	2.1	2.2	1.9
External migrants	9,920	4,970	4,950	8.9	9.0	8.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,925	48,120	49,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	18,315	9,040	9,275	18.7	18.8	18.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	79,600	39,080	40,525	81.3	81.2	81.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,875	31,320	32,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,065	4,315	3,750	12.6	13.8	11.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	55,810	27,005	28,805	87.4	86.2	88.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	97,920	48,120	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,190	8,340	8,845	17.6	17.3	17.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	30,570	15,585	14,985	31.2	32.4	30.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,165	24,195	25,970	51.2	50.3	52.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,230	12,280	11,950	24.7	25.5	24.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,610	4,125	1,485	5.7	8.6	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,915	1,820	1,090	3.0	3.8	2.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,695	2,300	395	2.8	4.8	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,240	6,120	8,120	14.5	12.7	16.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,375	2,040	2,340	4.5	4.2	4.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,930	11,915	14,020	26.5	24.8	28.1
Bachelor's degree	17,745	7,935	9,810	18.1	16.5	19.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,810	785	1,020	1.8	1.6	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	605	285	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	5,215	2,510	2,705	5.3	5.2	5.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	560	395	160	0.6	0.8	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	63,880	31,325	32,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,340	3,880	3,460	11.5	12.4	10.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,465	9,075	8,390	27.3	29.0	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,075	18,365	20,710	61.2	58.6	63.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,550	8,685	8,865	27.5	27.7	27.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,870	2,825	1,045	6.1	9.0	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,095	1,325	775	3.3	4.2	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,770	1,505	265	2.8	4.8	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,510	4,415	6,095	16.5	14.1	18.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,170	1,445	1,725	5.0	4.6	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,520	9,680	11,840	33.7	30.9	36.4
Bachelor's degree	14,485	6,390	8,100	22.7	20.4	24.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,480	635	850	2.3	2.0	2.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	525	215	310	0.8	0.7	1.0
Master's degree	4,590	2,150	2,450	7.2	6.9	7.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	440	295	145	0.7	0.9	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	97,920	48,120	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,760	23,925	23,835	48.8	49.7	47.9
Education	2,645	595	2,050	2.7	1.2	4.1
13. Education	2,645	595	2,050	2.7	1.2	4.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,430	565	870	1.5	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	185	135	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,240	425	815	1.3	0.9	1.6
Humanities	4,135	1,765	2,365	4.2	3.7	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	410	115	290	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	570	215	360	0.6	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,360	1,020	1,340	2.4	2.1	2.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	110	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	310	205	105	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	265	90	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,015	1,785	3,225	5.1	3.7	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	145	285	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	820	90	735	0.8	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	770	270	500	0.8	0.6	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	725	180	545	0.7	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	2,140	1,055	1,085	2.2	2.2	2.2
Business, management and public administration	10,770	4,580	6,185	11.0	9.5	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	115	255	0.4	0.2	0.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,385	4,465	5,920	10.6	9.3	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,310	1,155	1,160	2.4	2.4	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	725	300	420	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	910	400	505	0.9	0.8	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	600	425	170	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,305	2,125	1,180	3.4	4.4	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,905	1,950	960	3.0	4.1	1.9
25. Library science	70	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	310	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,655	8,535	1,125	9.9	17.7	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	250	160	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	3,560	2,865	690	3.6	6.0	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,790	1,575	220	1.8	3.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,710	1,650	60	1.7	3.4	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,565	1,525	40	1.6	3.2	0.1
48. Precision production	790	760	25	0.8	1.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	775	410	370	0.8	0.9	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595	310	290	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	180	100	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	7,940	1,575	6,360	8.1	3.3	12.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,510	1,365	6,145	7.7	2.8	12.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,170	1,095	1,075	2.2	2.3	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,335	430	905	1.4	0.9	1.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	320	245	65	0.3	0.5	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	505	405	100	0.5	0.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	63,875	31,320	32,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	24,810	12,960	11,845	38.8	41.4	36.4
Education	1,840	345	1,490	2.9	1.1	4.6
13. Education	1,840	345	1,490	2.9	1.1	4.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,110	435	675	1.7	1.4	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	95	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	980	335	645	1.5	1.1	2.0
Humanities	2,825	1,130	1,690	4.4	3.6	5.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	310	80	230	0.5	0.3	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	415	140	270	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,530	620	910	2.4	2.0	2.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	220	135	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	200	75	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,965	1,370	2,595	6.2	4.4	8.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	115	240	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	645	55	585	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	635	205	430	1.0	0.7	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	545	120	425	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,695	820	875	2.7	2.6	2.7
Business, management and public administration	8,825	3,670	5,160	13.8	11.7	15.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	275	85	185	0.4	0.3	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,545	3,580	4,965	13.4	11.4	15.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,765	855	910	2.8	2.7	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	570	220	345	0.9	0.7	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	670	285	385	1.0	0.9	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	480	330	150	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,915	1,850	1,065	4.6	5.9	3.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,600	1,730	875	4.1	5.5	2.7
25. Library science	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	225	95	130	0.4	0.3	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,245	6,300	945	11.3	20.1	2.9
04. Architecture and related services	220	140	75	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	2,960	2,335	620	4.6	7.5	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,290	1,120	170	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,205	1,170	40	1.9	3.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,070	1,050	15	1.7	3.4	0.0
48. Precision production	505	485	25	0.8	1.5	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	590	290	300	0.9	0.9	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	460	225	235	0.7	0.7	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Health and related fields	6,365	1,255	5,110	10.0	4.0	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	210	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,070	1,105	4,965	9.5	3.5	15.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,610	855	755	2.5	2.7	2.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,020	350	675	1.6	1.1	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	220	190	30	0.3	0.6	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	355	310	50	0.6	1.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	63,875	31,320	32,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,810	12,960	11,845	38.8	41.4	36.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,070	18,360	20,710	61.2	58.6	63.6
Location of study inside Canada	21,100	10,195	10,905	33.0	32.6	33.5
Same as province or territory of residence	18,815	9,035	9,780	29.5	28.8	30.0
Different than province or territory of residence	2,280	1,160	1,120	3.6	3.7	3.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	17,970	8,165	9,805	28.1	26.1	30.1
Americas	1,175	585	590	1.8	1.9	1.8
United States of America	745	405	340	1.2	1.3	1.0
Mexico	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	1,100	585	515	1.7	1.9	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	465	280	185	0.7	0.9	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	285	190	100	0.4	0.6	0.3
Nigeria	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	140	105	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Asia	15,095	6,645	8,455	23.6	21.2	26.0
Iran⁸⁸	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	205	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,925	895	1,030	3.0	2.9	3.2
Taiwan	265	105	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Japan	95	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	815	340	470	1.3	1.1	1.4
Philippines	4,490	1,800	2,685	7.0	5.7	8.2
Viet Nam	180	55	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladesh	75	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sri Lanka	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	5,805	2,695	3,110	9.1	8.6	9.6
Pakistan	455	225	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other locations of study in Asia	420	200	220	0.7	0.6	0.7
Oceania	315	160	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Australia	155	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	90	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	97,920	48,120	49,800	...	...	...
In the labour force	63,515	33,575	29,935	...	...	...
Employed	58,185	30,995	27,195	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,330	2,585	2,740	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,410	14,540	19,865	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.9	69.8	60.1	64.9	69.8	60.1
Employment rate	59.4	64.4	54.6	59.4	64.4	54.6
Unemployment rate	8.4	7.7	9.2	8.4	7.7	9.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	97,920	48,120	49,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	36,790	15,970	20,820	37.6	33.2	41.8
Worked	61,130	32,150	28,985	62.4	66.8	58.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,470	18,405	13,065	32.1	38.2	26.2
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	29,660	13,750	15,915	30.3	28.6	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.9	39.3	40.6	41.9	39.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	63,510	33,580	29,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,505	695	810	2.4	2.1	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	62,005	32,885	29,125	97.6	97.9	97.3
Employee	52,905	26,630	26,275	83.3	79.3	87.8
Permanent position	44,560	22,960	21,600	70.2	68.4	72.2
Temporary position	8,345	3,665	4,680	13.1	10.9	15.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,880	1,300	1,580	4.5	3.9	5.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,470	2,370	3,100	8.6	7.1	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,105	6,250	2,850	14.3	18.6	9.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	63,510	33,580	29,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,505	695	810	2.4	2.1	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	62,005	32,885	29,125	97.6	97.9	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	365	250	105	0.6	0.7	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,710	3,100	6,610	15.3	9.2	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,350	3,435	920	6.8	10.2	3.1
3 Health occupations	5,305	1,035	4,265	8.4	3.1	14.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,275	1,560	3,710	8.3	4.6	12.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,395	695	695	2.2	2.1	2.3
6 Sales and service occupations	17,510	7,500	10,015	27.6	22.3	33.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	13,330	12,295	1,035	21.0	36.6	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	890	635	255	1.4	1.9	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,890	2,375	1,510	6.1	7.1	5.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	63,510	33,580	29,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,505	695	810	2.4	2.1	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	62,005	32,885	29,125	97.6	97.9	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	910	530	375	1.4	1.6	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
22 Utilities	345	220	125	0.5	0.7	0.4
23 Construction	5,890	5,145	745	9.3	15.3	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	5,660	3,755	1,910	8.9	11.2	6.4
41 Wholesale trade	2,500	1,645	860	3.9	4.9	2.9
44-45 Retail trade	7,790	3,615	4,170	12.3	10.8	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,520	4,500	1,020	8.7	13.4	3.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,305	855	450	2.1	2.5	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	2,365	980	1,380	3.7	2.9	4.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,010	645	370	1.6	1.9	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,065	2,295	1,775	6.4	6.8	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	95	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,935	1,775	1,160	4.6	5.3	3.9
61 Educational services	3,135	920	2,210	4.9	2.7	7.4
62 Health care and social assistance	7,945	1,480	6,470	12.5	4.4	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	895	430	465	1.4	1.3	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	4,300	1,545	2,755	6.8	4.6	9.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	3,060	1,420	1,640	4.8	4.2	5.5
91 Public administration	2,180	1,020	1,160	3.4	3.0	3.9
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,355	35,375	31,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	56,370	29,640	26,730	83.7	83.8	83.6
French	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	2,205	1,145	1,060	3.3	3.2	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,205	1,145	1,060	3.3	3.2	3.3
English and French	215	85	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	8,410	4,420	3,990	12.5	12.5	12.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,355	35,375	31,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,325	34,225	31,100	97.0	96.7	97.2
Official languages	60,905	31,845	29,060	90.4	90.0	90.9
English	60,880	31,835	29,040	90.4	90.0	90.8
French	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-official languages	4,420	2,380	2,040	6.6	6.7	6.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,420	2,380	2,040	6.6	6.7	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	80	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	80	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	75	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	285	90	190	0.4	0.3	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	285	90	190	0.4	0.3	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	115	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,375	1,420	955	3.5	4.0	3.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,270	1,365	900	3.4	3.9	2.8
Indo-Aryan languages	2,270	1,365	900	3.4	3.9	2.8
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,220	1,340	875	3.3	3.8	2.7
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	475	215	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,015	485	525	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese languages	1,015	485	525	1.5	1.4	1.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	810	375	435	1.2	1.1	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	195	110	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,030	1,155	875	3.0	3.3	2.7
English and French	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,975	1,135	845	2.9	3.2	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,355	35,375	31,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	60,430	31,845	28,580	89.7	90.0	89.4
English	2,005	1,100	910	3.0	3.1	2.8
French	185	85	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	3,955	1,980	1,975	5.9	5.6	6.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,955	1,980	1,975	5.9	5.6	6.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	80	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	640	285	355	1.0	0.8	1.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	58,185	30,990	27,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,625	4,270	4,360	14.8	13.8	16.0
Worked outside Canada	285	195	90	0.5	0.6	0.3
No fixed workplace address	10,725	8,045	2,680	18.4	26.0	9.9
Usual place of work	38,550	18,490	20,060	66.3	59.7	73.8
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	38,545	18,490	20,065	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	18,870	8,005	10,865	49.0	43.3	54.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,910	10,030	8,880	49.1	54.2	44.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	675	395	285	1.8	2.1	1.4
Commute to a different province or territory	95	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	49,275	26,535	22,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,645	23,190	17,455	82.5	87.4	76.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	36,295	21,480	14,820	73.7	80.9	65.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	4,345	1,715	2,635	8.8	6.5	11.6
Public transit	6,315	2,340	3,980	12.8	8.8	17.5
Walked	1,355	470	885	2.7	1.8	3.9
Bicycle	125	85	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other method	835	445	390	1.7	1.7	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	49,275	26,535	22,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	7,945	3,385	4,565	16.1	12.8	20.1
15 to 29 minutes	17,570	8,940	8,635	35.7	33.7	38.0
30 to 44 minutes	13,510	8,340	5,165	27.4	31.4	22.7
45 to 59 minutes	4,970	2,995	1,980	10.1	11.3	8.7
60 minutes and over	5,275	2,875	2,400	10.7	10.8	10.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	49,275	26,535	22,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,890	2,655	1,230	7.9	10.0	5.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,005	4,835	3,170	16.2	18.2	13.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,445	5,580	4,870	21.2	21.0	21.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,130	4,510	4,625	18.5	17.0	20.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	8,440	3,840	4,600	17.1	14.5	20.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	9,360	5,105	4,255	19.0	19.2	18.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,550	12,200	11,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,075	555	515	4.6	4.5	4.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	22,480	11,650	10,830	95.5	95.5	95.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,760	9,250	8,510	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	895	470	425	5.0	5.1	5.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	655	330	325	3.7	3.6	3.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	245	140	105	1.4	1.5	1.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	16,860	8,780	8,080	94.9	94.9	94.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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