Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Esquimalt--Saanich--SookeMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	120,175	59,310	60,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,940	8,680	8,260	14.1	14.6	13.6
0 to 4 years	5,175	2,655	2,520	4.3	4.5	4.1
5 to 9 years	5,945	3,020	2,930	4.9	5.1	4.8
10 to 14 years	5,815	3,005	2,810	4.8	5.1	4.6
15 to 64 years	79,330	39,545	39,785	66.0	66.7	65.4
15 to 19 years	5,870	2,990	2,880	4.9	5.0	4.7
20 to 24 years	6,105	3,165	2,935	5.1	5.3	4.8
25 to 29 years	7,555	3,925	3,635	6.3	6.6	6.0
30 to 34 years	8,460	4,255	4,200	7.0	7.2	6.9
35 to 39 years	8,990	4,490	4,500	7.5	7.6	7.4
40 to 44 years	8,465	4,225	4,240	7.0	7.1	7.0
45 to 49 years	7,620	3,770	3,845	6.3	6.4	6.3
50 to 54 years	8,080	3,980	4,105	6.7	6.7	6.7
55 to 59 years	9,075	4,380	4,695	7.6	7.4	7.7
60 to 64 years	9,110	4,365	4,750	7.6	7.4	7.8
65 years and over	23,905	11,085	12,825	19.9	18.7	21.1
65 to 69 years	8,370	3,975	4,400	7.0	6.7	7.2
70 to 74 years	6,625	3,145	3,485	5.5	5.3	5.7
75 to 79 years	4,155	1,945	2,205	3.5	3.3	3.6
80 to 84 years	2,470	1,135	1,335	2.1	1.9	2.2
85 years and over	2,285	885	1,400	1.9	1.5	2.3
85 to 89 years	1,435	605	830	1.2	1.0	1.4
90 to 94 years	665	225	440	0.6	0.4	0.7
95 to 99 years	170	50	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.6	13.6	14.1	14.6	13.6
15 to 64 years	66.0	66.7	65.4	66.0	66.7	65.4
65 years and over	19.9	18.7	21.1	19.9	18.7	21.1
85 years and over	1.9	1.5	2.3	1.9	1.5	2.3
Average age of the population	43.3	42.4	44.1	43.3	42.4	44.1
Median age of the population	43.6	42.4	44.8	43.6	42.4	44.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,275	...	...	43.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,630	...	...	5.2	...	...
Row house	4,195	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,630	...	...	17.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,925	...	...	21.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,290	...	...	2.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	70	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	815	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	14,745	...	...	29.0	...	...
2 persons	19,205	...	...	37.8	...	...
3 persons	7,590	...	...	14.9	...	...
4 persons	6,050	...	...	11.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,235	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	118,105	58,105	60,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	103,240	50,630	52,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,745	29,850	29,900	57.9	59.0	56.8
Married	46,380	23,180	23,205	44.9	45.8	44.1
Living common-law	13,365	6,665	6,700	12.9	13.2	12.7
Living common law - Never married	9,580	4,805	4,780	9.3	9.5	9.1
Living common law - Separated	510	285	225	0.5	0.6	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	3,000	1,455	1,545	2.9	2.9	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	280	125	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	43,490	20,780	22,710	42.1	41.0	43.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	27,805	15,390	12,415	26.9	30.4	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,840	1,265	1,570	2.8	2.5	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,160	3,075	5,080	7.9	6.1	9.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,690	1,050	3,635	4.5	2.1	6.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	34,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	19,940	...	...	58.1	...	...
3 persons	7,055	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	5,670	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,660	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	34,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	29,255	...	...	85.2	...	...
Married couples	22,575	...	...	65.8	...	...
With children⁶	10,585	...	...	30.8	...	...
Without children	11,985	...	...	34.9	...	...
Common-law couples	6,680	...	...	19.5	...	...
With children⁶	2,075	...	...	6.0	...	...
Without children	4,605	...	...	13.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,075	...	...	14.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,830	...	...	11.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,240	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	118,105	58,105	60,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	92,510	45,785	46,720	78.3	78.8	77.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	58,505	29,185	29,325	49.5	50.2	48.9
Parents in one-parent families	5,075	1,240	3,830	4.3	2.1	6.4
Children⁶	28,935	15,365	13,570	24.5	26.4	22.6
In a two-parent family	21,685	11,420	10,260	18.4	19.7	17.1
In a one-parent family	7,250	3,940	3,305	6.1	6.8	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,595	12,315	13,275	21.7	21.2	22.1
Living alone	14,750	6,580	8,160	12.5	11.3	13.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,865	1,195	1,670	2.4	2.1	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	7,980	4,540	3,445	6.8	7.8	5.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,985	...	...	57.0	...	...
Couple-family households	25,100	...	...	49.4	...	...
With children⁶	10,740	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	14,355	...	...	28.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,885	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,270	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	555	...	...	1.1	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,315	...	...	4.6	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,945	...	...	5.8	...	...
One-person households	14,745	...	...	29.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	101,205	49,440	51,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,540	48,075	50,465	97.4	97.2	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	51,200	40,400	45,200	51,200	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	98,605	48,110	50,495	97.4	97.3	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	45,600	37,200	40,800	45,600	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,470	44,560	45,910	89.4	90.1	88.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	47,600	32,800	39,600	47,600	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	72,130	36,475	35,655	71.3	73.8	68.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,200	36,400	42,400	49,200	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	80,815	37,140	43,680	79.9	75.1	84.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	8,600	10,300	9,500	8,600	10,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,630	3,455	4,180	7.5	7.0	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,600	5,480	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,480	11,070	12,415	23.2	22.4	24.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	101,120	49,465	51,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,430	48,130	50,305	97.3	97.3	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,450	59,750	47,480	53,450	59,750	47,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	98,505	48,165	50,340	97.4	97.4	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,800	50,520	41,280	45,800	50,520	41,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,450	44,600	45,845	89.4	90.2	88.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,600	56,100	41,320	48,600	56,100	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	71,950	36,565	35,390	71.2	73.9	68.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,320	54,450	42,000	48,320	54,450	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	80,605	36,990	43,615	79.7	74.8	84.4
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,760	10,100	11,320	10,760	10,100	11,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,510	3,410	4,100	7.4	6.9	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,750	6,085	7,310	6,750	6,085	7,310
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,480	11,080	12,405	23.2	22.4	24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,620	8,850	8,740	8,620	8,850
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	101,120	49,465	51,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	35,095	19,630	15,460	34.7	39.7	29.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,000	71,000	59,600	66,000	71,000	59,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,800	75,800	64,400	70,800	75,800	64,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,420	12,870	15,550	28.1	26.0	30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	22,400	19,400	20,800	22,400	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,320	32,560	26,640	29,320	32,560	26,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	83.6	87.0	79.4	83.6	87.0	79.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.0	69.2	62.3	66.0	69.2	62.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	16.5	13.0	20.7	16.5	13.0	20.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.9	4.1	5.9	4.9	4.1	5.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.3	4.6	3.9	3.3	4.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	101,205	49,440	51,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,665	1,370	1,295	2.6	2.8	2.5
With total income	98,540	48,075	50,465	97.4	97.2	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,125	3,125	4,005	7.2	6.5	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	9,850	4,060	5,795	10.0	8.4	11.5
$20,000 to $29,999	13,575	5,705	7,870	13.8	11.9	15.6
$30,000 to $39,999	12,425	5,270	7,150	12.6	11.0	14.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,620	5,235	6,385	11.8	10.9	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,255	4,700	5,550	10.4	9.8	11.0
$60,000 to $69,999	8,470	4,400	4,070	8.6	9.2	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,765	3,875	2,890	6.9	8.1	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	5,210	3,120	2,090	5.3	6.5	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,965	2,370	1,590	4.0	4.9	3.2
$100,000 and over	9,285	6,205	3,075	9.4	12.9	6.1
$100,000 to $149,999	7,015	4,550	2,465	7.1	9.5	4.9
$150,000 and over	2,270	1,660	615	2.3	3.4	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	101,205	49,440	51,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,595	1,335	1,265	2.6	2.7	2.4
With after-tax income	98,605	48,110	50,495	97.4	97.3	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,490	3,245	4,245	7.6	6.7	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	10,315	4,250	6,065	10.5	8.8	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	15,405	6,515	8,890	15.6	13.6	17.6
$30,000 to $39,999	14,835	6,475	8,355	15.0	13.5	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	13,620	6,210	7,410	13.8	12.9	14.7
$50,000 to $59,999	11,335	5,725	5,610	11.5	11.9	11.1
$60,000 to $69,999	8,575	4,890	3,685	8.7	10.2	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	6,205	3,715	2,490	6.3	7.7	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,100	2,530	1,570	4.2	5.2	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,345	1,465	880	2.4	3.0	1.7
$100,000 and over	4,400	3,095	1,305	4.5	6.4	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,540	1,760	780	2.6	3.6	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,860	1,335	520	1.9	2.8	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	101,205	49,440	51,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,065	12,960	16,105	28.7	26.2	31.1
With employment income	72,130	36,475	35,655	71.3	73.8	68.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,855	3,995	4,865	12.3	10.9	13.6
$5,000 to $9,999	5,180	2,250	2,935	7.2	6.2	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,615	3,300	4,315	10.6	9.0	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,345	2,895	3,455	8.8	7.9	9.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,420	2,910	3,505	8.9	8.0	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,740	3,085	3,655	9.3	8.5	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	6,635	3,120	3,515	9.2	8.6	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	5,835	3,145	2,690	8.1	8.6	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,805	2,850	1,960	6.7	7.8	5.5
$80,000 to $89,999	4,135	2,595	1,545	5.7	7.1	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	3,080	1,905	1,170	4.3	5.2	3.3
$100,000 and over	6,475	4,425	2,050	9.0	12.1	5.7
$100,000 to $124,999	3,750	2,425	1,320	5.2	6.6	3.7
$125,000 and over	2,725	2,005	720	3.8	5.5	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	101,205	49,440	51,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,535	46,995	49,535	95.4	95.1	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,000	38,000	43,200	50,000	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	96,725	47,040	49,680	95.6	95.1	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,000	34,000	38,400	44,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	89,765	44,120	45,650	88.7	89.2	88.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,000	33,600	40,400	48,000	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	75,395	38,010	37,385	74.5	76.9	72.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	47,200	34,400	40,400	47,200	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,190	27,315	36,870	63.4	55.2	71.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,100	6,500	7,300	7,100	6,500	7,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,895	2,575	3,320	5.8	5.2	6.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	4,640	5,880	5,240	4,640	5,880
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	101,120	49,465	51,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,625	47,080	49,545	95.6	95.2	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,880	57,600	44,520	50,880	57,600	44,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,830	47,130	49,700	95.8	95.3	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,160	48,320	38,280	43,160	48,320	38,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	89,875	44,295	45,585	88.9	89.5	88.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,480	55,900	41,200	48,480	55,900	41,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,240	37,995	37,245	74.4	76.8	72.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,360	52,750	39,840	46,360	52,750	39,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,145	27,190	36,950	63.4	55.0	71.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,770	8,620	8,870	8,770	8,620	8,870
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,875	2,585	3,290	5.8	5.2	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,350	6,155	8,280	7,350	6,155	8,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	101,120	49,465	51,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	34,840	19,445	15,395	34.5	39.3	29.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	68,000	55,200	62,000	68,000	55,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,600	72,400	59,300	66,600	72,400	59,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,095	12,260	14,840	26.8	24.8	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	28,800	24,600	26,200	28,800	24,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,360	38,440	31,000	34,360	38,440	31,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	88.6	91.4	85.2	88.6	91.4	85.2
Employment income (%)	71.0	74.0	67.2	71.0	74.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	11.4	8.6	14.9	11.4	8.6	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.6	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	50,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	14,745	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,000	...	...	46,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	36,075	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	50,825	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,600	...	...	103,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,800	...	...	88,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	14,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,800	...	...	54,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,440	...	...	46,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	36,050	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,500	...	...	123,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,100	...	...	106,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	890	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,645	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,320	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,425	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,690	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,780	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,855	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,670	...	...	7.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,675	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,590	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,370	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,185	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,675	...	...	42.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,645	...	...	13.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,935	...	...	9.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,870	...	...	11.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,225	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	535	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	935	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,725	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,545	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,715	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,025	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,090	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,200	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,405	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,240	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,055	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,780	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,410	...	...	6.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,565	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,755	...	...	13.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,510	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	6,300	...	...	12.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	33,880	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	15,210	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,765	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,730	11,120	11,610	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	43,600	40,400	42,000	43,600	40,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,200	37,200	38,000	39,200	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	33,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,300	...	...	122,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,800	...	...	104,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	108,500	...	...	108,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,800	...	...	92,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	151,800	...	...	151,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...	81,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,720	11,285	11,435	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,920	51,850	48,000	49,920	51,850	48,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,880	44,120	41,640	42,880	44,120	41,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	118,105	58,105	60,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,425	10,470	9,955	17.3	18.0	16.6
0 to 5 years	6,360	3,270	3,095	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	74,655	36,940	37,715	63.2	63.6	62.9
65 years and over	23,020	10,695	12,330	19.5	18.4	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,190	4,325	4,870	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,720	910	805	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	515	275	240	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,130	2,485	2,645	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,345	925	1,420	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	7.8	7.4	8.1	7.8	7.4	8.1
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.7	8.1	8.4	8.7	8.1
0 to 5 years (%)	8.1	8.4	7.7	8.1	8.4	7.7
18 to 64 years (%)	6.9	6.7	7.0	6.9	6.7	7.0
65 years and over (%)	10.2	8.6	11.5	10.2	8.6	11.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	115,695	56,985	58,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,070	10,300	9,770	17.3	18.1	16.6
0 to 5 years	6,275	3,220	3,050	5.4	5.7	5.2
18 to 64 years	73,205	36,230	36,975	63.3	63.6	63.0
65 years and over	22,425	10,460	11,970	19.4	18.4	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,135	2,160	1,975	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	665	335	335	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	90	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,110	1,660	1,450	...	...	...
65 years and over	360	170	185	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.3	3.2	3.4	3.3	3.2	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.7	2.6	2.7	2.7	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.6	3.9	4.3	4.6	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	118,105	58,105	60,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	51,955	24,880	27,080	44.0	42.8	45.1
In bottom decile	9,615	4,765	4,855	8.1	8.2	8.1
In second decile	9,045	4,100	4,945	7.7	7.1	8.2
In third decile	10,110	4,775	5,335	8.6	8.2	8.9
In fourth decile	11,110	5,400	5,710	9.4	9.3	9.5
In fifth decile	12,065	5,840	6,235	10.2	10.1	10.4
In top half of the distribution	66,150	33,230	32,925	56.0	57.2	54.9
In sixth decile	13,145	6,520	6,620	11.1	11.2	11.0
In seventh decile	13,535	6,810	6,730	11.5	11.7	11.2
In eighth decile	14,095	7,120	6,975	11.9	12.3	11.6
In ninth decile	14,435	7,250	7,180	12.2	12.5	12.0
In top decile	10,945	5,520	5,425	9.3	9.5	9.0
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.382	...	...	0.382	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.260	...	...	0.260	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	119,025	58,590	60,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	107,595	53,360	54,240	90.4	91.1	89.7
French only	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	10,480	4,830	5,645	8.8	8.2	9.3
Neither English nor French	885	370	510	0.7	0.6	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	119,025	58,590	60,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	115,740	57,000	58,735	97.2	97.3	97.2
French	2,165	1,120	1,050	1.8	1.9	1.7
English and French	275	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	845	345	500	0.7	0.6	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	119,025	58,590	60,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,260	57,315	58,950	97.7	97.8	97.5
Official languages	102,080	50,785	51,290	85.8	86.7	84.9
English	99,890	49,670	50,225	83.9	84.8	83.1
French	2,185	1,120	1,070	1.8	1.9	1.8
Non-official languages	14,185	6,530	7,660	11.9	11.1	12.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,130	6,505	7,625	11.9	11.1	12.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	600	320	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	565	295	265	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	405	220	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	555	235	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	490	205	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,615	655	960	1.4	1.1	1.6
Bikol	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,295	535	765	1.1	0.9	1.3
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	7,700	3,715	3,980	6.5	6.3	6.6
Albanian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,215	545	675	1.0	0.9	1.1
Baltic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,195	535	665	1.0	0.9	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	320	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	335	130	205	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,780	810	970	1.5	1.4	1.6
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,035	455	580	0.9	0.8	1.0
German	985	435	555	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	545	250	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	440	205	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,580	1,325	1,255	2.2	2.3	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,280	1,160	1,125	1.9	2.0	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	335	190	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,635	805	830	1.4	1.4	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	295	165	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	250	135	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	225	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,990	965	1,025	1.7	1.6	1.7
Catalan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	295	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	510	245	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,100	530	565	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	355	85	270	0.3	0.1	0.4
Korean	400	185	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,205	955	1,250	1.9	1.6	2.1
Chinese languages	2,180	940	1,240	1.8	1.6	2.1
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,010	410	600	0.8	0.7	1.0
Min Dong	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,030	475	550	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,765	1,275	1,485	2.3	2.2	2.5
English and French	705	365	340	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,790	800	990	1.5	1.4	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	185	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	119,025	58,590	60,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	103,145	51,160	51,990	86.7	87.3	86.0
French	505	260	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	2,990	1,390	1,605	2.5	2.4	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,990	1,385	1,605	2.5	2.4	2.7
English and French	1,765	830	930	1.5	1.4	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	9,980	4,670	5,315	8.4	8.0	8.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	119,025	58,590	60,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,705	57,515	59,190	98.1	98.2	97.9
Official languages	110,325	54,480	55,845	92.7	93.0	92.4
English	109,530	54,065	55,460	92.0	92.3	91.8
French	790	415	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Non-official languages	6,385	3,035	3,350	5.4	5.2	5.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,375	3,025	3,345	5.4	5.2	5.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	360	190	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	340	170	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	295	140	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	845	380	465	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	730	325	405	0.6	0.6	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,910	1,420	1,490	2.4	2.4	2.5
Albanian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	360	160	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	360	160	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,560	790	765	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,400	710	690	1.2	1.2	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	170	100	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,085	535	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	760	365	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	530	255	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	235	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,300	575	725	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese languages	1,280	565	715	1.1	1.0	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	650	280	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	580	270	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,325	1,080	1,240	2.0	1.8	2.1
English and French	280	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,960	900	1,060	1.6	1.5	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	119,025	58,590	60,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	108,580	53,695	54,880	91.2	91.6	90.8
English	2,990	1,470	1,520	2.5	2.5	2.5
French	1,285	580	705	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official language	4,980	2,265	2,715	4.2	3.9	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,920	2,235	2,685	4.1	3.8	4.4
English and French	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	425	225	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	510	240	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	117,945	58,050	59,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	117,010	57,605	59,405	99.2	99.2	99.2
English	116,955	57,575	59,380	99.2	99.2	99.1
French	10,550	4,795	5,755	8.9	8.3	9.6
Non-official languages	20,475	9,495	10,980	17.4	16.4	18.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,325	9,425	10,900	17.2	16.2	18.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,105	585	515	0.9	1.0	0.9
Berber languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,075	575	495	0.9	1.0	0.8
Amharic	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	730	410	320	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	840	350	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	735	295	435	0.6	0.5	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,170	890	1,280	1.8	1.5	2.1
Bikol	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	140	45	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,920	770	1,145	1.6	1.3	1.9
Waray-Waray	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	325	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,565	5,520	6,045	9.8	9.5	10.1
Albanian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,435	670	765	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,415	650	760	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	140	90	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	340	135	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	505	230	275	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	170	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,810	1,310	1,505	2.4	2.3	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,900	865	1,035	1.6	1.5	1.7
German	1,855	855	1,000	1.6	1.5	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	660	325	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	185	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	450	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	330	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	180	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,095	1,560	1,535	2.6	2.7	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,865	1,455	1,410	2.4	2.5	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,220	645	570	1.0	1.1	1.0
Kacchi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,020	995	1,025	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	270	135	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,400	2,035	2,365	3.7	3.5	3.9
Catalan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	540	310	230	0.5	0.5	0.4
Portuguese	805	390	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,200	1,420	1,775	2.7	2.4	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	795	305	490	0.7	0.5	0.8
Korean	420	195	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	320	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	255	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	210	80	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	45	40	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,740	1,255	1,485	2.3	2.2	2.5
Chinese languages	2,645	1,200	1,445	2.2	2.1	2.4
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,650	740	900	1.4	1.3	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	140	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,340	595	740	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,945	58,055	59,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,040	3,315	3,720	6.0	5.7	6.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	6,770	3,190	3,580	5.7	5.5	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,880	1,815	2,070	3.3	3.1	3.5
Métis	2,840	1,350	1,490	2.4	2.3	2.5
Inuk (Inuit)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	110,910	54,740	56,165	94.0	94.3	93.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,945	58,055	59,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,665	1,235	1,430	2.3	2.1	2.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,280	56,820	58,455	97.7	97.9	97.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,420	...	...	67.7	...	...
Renter	16,330	...	...	32.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	75	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,340	...	...	16.4	...	...
Not condominium	42,480	...	...	83.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	485	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	7,345	...	...	14.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	14,735	...	...	29.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	15,940	...	...	31.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,320	...	...	24.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	16,195	...	...	31.9	...	...
5 rooms	8,205	...	...	16.1	...	...
6 rooms	7,235	...	...	14.2	...	...
7 rooms	5,945	...	...	11.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,245	...	...	26.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,205	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	615	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,030	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,795	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,250	...	...	20.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,710	...	...	28.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,345	...	...	14.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,040	...	...	11.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,495	...	...	4.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,170	...	...	6.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,545	...	...	5.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,265	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,010	...	...	94.5	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,810	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,720	...	...	46.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	23,915	...	...	47.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,185	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	50,825	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,295	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,510	...	...	12.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	9,015	...	...	17.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,820	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,545	...	...	20.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,165	...	...	18.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,080	...	...	8.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,400	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	38,035	...	...	77.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,385	...	...	23.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,310	...	...	20.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	50,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,740	...	...	29.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,300	...	...	20.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,335	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,885	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	295	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	765	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,085	...	...	71.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,515	...	...	11.4	...	...
Not in core need	42,830	...	...	88.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	33,535	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.2	...	...	62.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.3	...	...	17.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,520	...	...	1,520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,630	...	...	1,630	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	818,000	...	...	818,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,000	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.0	...	...	14.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.1	...	...	35.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.9	...	...	22.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...	1,410	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.3	...	...	14.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	628	...	...	628	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	620	...	...	620	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	117,945	58,050	59,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,280	1,100	1,180	1.9	1.9	2.0
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,245	1,090	1,160	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	1,830	860	975	1.6	1.5	1.6
Métis single ancestry	395	220	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,005	2,715	3,290	5.1	4.7	5.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,805	2,630	3,175	4.9	4.5	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,800	1,745	2,055	3.2	3.0	3.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,930	840	1,085	1.6	1.4	1.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	200	85	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	109,655	54,235	55,420	93.0	93.4	92.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	117,945	58,055	59,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	110,855	54,720	56,140	94.0	94.3	93.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,480	9,965	9,510	16.5	17.2	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	91,380	44,755	46,620	77.5	77.1	77.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	7,090	3,335	3,755	6.0	5.7	6.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	117,945	58,055	59,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	97,200	48,160	49,040	82.4	83.0	81.9
Immigrants⁸¹	19,010	8,995	10,015	16.1	15.5	16.7
Before 1980	6,085	2,970	3,115	5.2	5.1	5.2
1980 to 1990	2,165	1,090	1,080	1.8	1.9	1.8
1991 to 2000	2,575	1,135	1,435	2.2	2.0	2.4
2001 to 2010	3,410	1,560	1,850	2.9	2.7	3.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,775	2,245	2,540	4.0	3.9	4.2
2011 to 2015	1,990	930	1,055	1.7	1.6	1.8
2016 to 2021	2,795	1,310	1,480	2.4	2.3	2.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,730	900	835	1.5	1.6	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,010	8,995	10,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,155	1,105	1,040	11.3	12.3	10.4
5 to 14 years	3,445	1,805	1,640	18.1	20.1	16.4
15 to 24 years	3,730	1,750	1,985	19.6	19.5	19.8
25 to 44 years	8,050	3,595	4,460	42.3	40.0	44.5
45 years and over	1,635	740	900	8.6	8.2	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,010	8,995	10,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,625	1,180	1,450	13.8	13.1	14.5
Brazil	140	65	70	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombia	180	80	100	0.9	0.9	1.0
El Salvador	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.2
Guyana	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	195	90	105	1.0	1.0	1.0
Peru	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	55	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
United States of America	1,480	625	855	7.8	6.9	8.5
Other places of birth in Americas	350	175	180	1.8	1.9	1.8
Europe	7,340	3,645	3,690	38.6	40.5	36.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Croatia	105	45	60	0.6	0.5	0.6
France	170	60	110	0.9	0.7	1.1
Germany	780	355	420	4.1	3.9	4.2
Greece	75	40	35	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hungary	115	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italy	135	100	40	0.7	1.1	0.4
Netherlands	340	175	165	1.8	1.9	1.6
Poland	195	70	120	1.0	0.8	1.2
Portugal	270	125	150	1.4	1.4	1.5
Romania	120	55	65	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian Federation	130	40	90	0.7	0.4	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ukraine	130	55	75	0.7	0.6	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,735	1,915	1,820	19.6	21.3	18.2
Other places of birth in Europe	975	530	440	5.1	5.9	4.4
Africa	1,040	560	480	5.5	6.2	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	70	40	25	0.4	0.4	0.2
Ethiopia	125	75	50	0.7	0.8	0.5
Morocco	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nigeria	100	50	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Somalia	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	255	145	110	1.3	1.6	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	360	170	195	1.9	1.9	1.9
Asia	7,585	3,365	4,215	39.9	37.4	42.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	170	80	90	0.9	0.9	0.9
Iraq	35	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	240	110	130	1.3	1.2	1.3
Turkey	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	1,155	500	650	6.1	5.6	6.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	240	120	115	1.3	1.3	1.1
Korea, South⁹²	230	95	135	1.2	1.1	1.3
Taiwan	180	70	110	0.9	0.8	1.1
Philippines	1,890	760	1,135	9.9	8.4	11.3
Viet Nam	430	180	250	2.3	2.0	2.5
Bangladesh	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	1,710	860	850	9.0	9.6	8.5
Pakistan	155	90	65	0.8	1.0	0.6
Sri Lanka	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,005	405	600	5.3	4.5	6.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	420	245	175	2.2	2.7	1.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,795	1,310	1,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	315	135	185	11.3	10.3	12.5
Brazil	30	0	30	1.1	0.0	2.0
Colombia	30	10	15	1.1	0.8	1.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.7
Mexico	20	20	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
United States of America	200	95	105	7.2	7.3	7.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	25	10	20	0.9	0.8	1.4
Europe	330	170	165	11.8	13.0	11.1
France	20	15	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Germany	25	10	15	0.9	0.8	1.0
Ireland⁹⁶	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Italy	20	15	10	0.7	1.1	0.7
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	55	45	3.6	4.2	3.0
Other places of birth in Europe	135	60	75	4.8	4.6	5.1
Africa	305	170	135	10.9	13.0	9.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	15	15	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Ethiopia	25	15	0	0.9	1.1	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	90	45	45	3.2	3.4	3.0
Somalia	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	20	0	0.9	1.5	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	40	20	30	1.4	1.5	2.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	65	35	30	2.3	2.7	2.0
Asia	1,775	790	985	63.5	60.3	66.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	225	85	140	8.1	6.5	9.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
India	345	200	140	12.3	15.3	9.5
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7
Iraq	15	10	15	0.5	0.8	1.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	60	20	40	2.1	1.5	2.7
Jordan	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	45	10	35	1.6	0.8	2.4
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7
Nepal	55	35	20	2.0	2.7	1.4
Pakistan	15	10	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Philippines	540	225	315	19.3	17.2	21.3
Saudi Arabia	25	0	20	0.9	0.0	1.4
Sri Lanka	20	15	0	0.7	1.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	200	95	105	7.2	7.3	7.1
Turkey	15	10	10	0.5	0.8	0.7
United Arab Emirates	15	10	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Viet Nam	60	10	50	2.1	0.8	3.4
Other places of birth in Asia	80	35	45	2.9	2.7	3.0
Oceania and other⁹³	65	50	20	2.3	3.8	1.4
Australia	55	35	20	2.0	2.7	1.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	117,945	58,055	59,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,360	10,750	11,610	19.0	18.5	19.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,130	11,740	12,385	20.5	20.2	20.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	71,455	35,560	35,895	60.6	61.3	59.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,925	6,025	6,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,280	3,110	3,175	48.6	51.6	46.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,025	1,570	1,455	23.4	26.1	21.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,255	1,535	1,715	25.2	25.5	24.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	5,195	2,115	3,080	40.2	35.1	44.6
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,345	760	590	10.4	12.6	8.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	100	45	55	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,925	6,025	6,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	275	175	100	2.1	2.9	1.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,185	960	1,225	16.9	15.9	17.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	450	235	210	3.5	3.9	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,025	390	630	7.9	6.5	9.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	115	35	80	0.9	0.6	1.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,880	4,225	4,655	68.7	70.1	67.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	117,945	58,050	59,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	17,485	8,405	9,080	14.8	14.5	15.2
South Asian	4,035	2,030	2,010	3.4	3.5	3.4
Chinese	3,575	1,690	1,895	3.0	2.9	3.2
Black	1,685	855	835	1.4	1.5	1.4
Filipino	2,665	1,180	1,480	2.3	2.0	2.5
Arab	550	290	265	0.5	0.5	0.4
Latin American	1,055	525	530	0.9	0.9	0.9
Southeast Asian	1,365	645	720	1.2	1.1	1.2
West Asian	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	465	230	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	845	350	495	0.7	0.6	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	290	145	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	665	330	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	100,455	49,650	50,810	85.2	85.5	84.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	117,945	58,055	59,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,615	7,445	7,165	12.4	12.8	12.0
English	38,065	18,620	19,445	32.3	32.1	32.5
Irish	21,695	10,025	11,675	18.4	17.3	19.5
Scottish	28,345	13,735	14,610	24.0	23.7	24.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,065	4,775	5,290	8.5	8.2	8.8
German	14,565	6,975	7,590	12.3	12.0	12.7
Chinese	3,895	1,870	2,020	3.3	3.2	3.4
Italian	3,550	1,725	1,830	3.0	3.0	3.1
Indian (India)	2,835	1,410	1,425	2.4	2.4	2.4
Ukrainian	5,810	2,875	2,935	4.9	5.0	4.9
Dutch	5,125	2,450	2,675	4.3	4.2	4.5
Polish	3,785	1,890	1,905	3.2	3.3	3.2
Québécois	350	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	6,975	3,400	3,575	5.9	5.9	6.0
Filipino	2,750	1,220	1,535	2.3	2.1	2.6
French Canadian	1,440	655	785	1.2	1.1	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,665	1,460	1,205	2.3	2.5	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,805	1,295	1,510	2.4	2.2	2.5
Métis	2,555	1,165	1,390	2.2	2.0	2.3
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,510	1,720	1,795	3.0	3.0	3.0
Russian	2,505	1,240	1,260	2.1	2.1	2.1
Norwegian	3,815	1,805	2,010	3.2	3.1	3.4
Welsh	4,070	1,940	2,130	3.5	3.3	3.6
Portuguese	1,245	630	615	1.1	1.1	1.0
American	2,005	870	1,140	1.7	1.5	1.9
Spanish	1,175	545	630	1.0	0.9	1.1
Swedish	3,080	1,365	1,710	2.6	2.4	2.9
Hungarian	1,535	700	830	1.3	1.2	1.4
Acadian	285	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	415	205	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	830	460	370	0.7	0.8	0.6
Punjabi	420	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	965	425	540	0.8	0.7	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	330	150	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	570	290	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	235	110	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	350	160	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	655	290	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Korean	465	240	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	650	290	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	225	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,100	1,035	1,070	1.8	1.8	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	580	260	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sikh	395	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Austrian	1,290	545	745	1.1	0.9	1.2
Belgian	675	350	325	0.6	0.6	0.5
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	515	245	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	320	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swiss	740	320	420	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	860	425	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	500	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	1,005	440	565	0.9	0.8	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	160	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	980	495	475	0.8	0.9	0.8
Muslim	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	965	450	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
Colombian	280	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Moroccan	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	605	300	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	255	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	145	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	205	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	205	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	290	165	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Nigerian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovak	290	155	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	325	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	180	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	145	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	195	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	545	280	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Palestinian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	155	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Peruvian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Brunswicker	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	160	60	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	130	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	185	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	685	370	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Ecuadorian	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Franco Ontarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	105	25	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	145	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	290	140	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sudanese	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Breton	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Goan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Zimbabwean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	117,945	58,050	59,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,140	525	615	1.0	0.9	1.0
Christian	38,160	17,170	20,990	32.4	29.6	35.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,215	3,895	4,320	7.0	6.7	7.2
Anabaptist	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	5,480	2,385	3,095	4.6	4.1	5.2
Baptist	1,480	660	820	1.3	1.1	1.4
Catholic	12,100	5,475	6,625	10.3	9.4	11.1
Christian Orthodox	575	300	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	585	230	355	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	425	200	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	1,040	435	605	0.9	0.7	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,195	590	610	1.0	1.0	1.0
Presbyterian	745	335	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
Reformed	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	3,525	1,370	2,155	3.0	2.4	3.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,230	1,040	1,195	1.9	1.8	2.0
Hindu	800	415	380	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jewish	560	280	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	1,265	630	635	1.1	1.1	1.1
Sikh	1,680	790	890	1.4	1.4	1.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	195	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,745	670	1,075	1.5	1.2	1.8
No religion and secular perspectives	72,395	37,480	34,915	61.4	64.6	58.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	117,100	57,565	59,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	101,685	50,010	51,675	86.8	86.9	86.8
Movers	15,415	7,555	7,860	13.2	13.1	13.2
Non-migrants	9,520	4,680	4,835	8.1	8.1	8.1
Migrants	5,895	2,870	3,020	5.0	5.0	5.1
Internal migrants	5,050	2,450	2,600	4.3	4.3	4.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,370	1,625	1,745	2.9	2.8	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,680	825	855	1.4	1.4	1.4
External migrants	845	425	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,775	55,410	57,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	64,275	31,465	32,815	57.0	56.8	57.2
Movers	48,495	23,950	24,550	43.0	43.2	42.8
Non-migrants	11,920	6,080	5,840	10.6	11.0	10.2
Migrants	36,580	17,870	18,710	32.4	32.3	32.6
Internal migrants	33,125	16,165	16,950	29.4	29.2	29.6
Intraprovincial migrants	25,300	12,290	13,010	22.4	22.2	22.7
Interprovincial migrants	7,825	3,880	3,945	6.9	7.0	6.9
External migrants	3,455	1,705	1,750	3.1	3.1	3.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	101,125	49,465	51,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,695	8,205	6,490	14.5	16.6	12.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	86,430	41,260	45,170	85.5	83.4	87.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,105	32,615	33,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,590	4,015	2,575	10.0	12.3	7.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	59,515	28,600	30,915	90.0	87.7	92.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	101,120	49,465	51,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,480	6,785	5,690	12.3	13.7	11.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	31,065	15,430	15,640	30.7	31.2	30.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	57,580	27,250	30,325	56.9	55.1	58.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	31,775	16,000	15,780	31.4	32.3	30.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,800	6,710	2,090	8.7	13.6	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,270	1,870	1,400	3.2	3.8	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,530	4,840	690	5.5	9.8	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,975	8,085	11,895	19.8	16.3	23.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,005	1,210	1,795	3.0	2.4	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	25,800	11,255	14,550	25.5	22.8	28.2
Bachelor's degree	16,600	7,195	9,400	16.4	14.5	18.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,595	625	970	1.6	1.3	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	510	285	230	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	6,105	2,570	3,540	6.0	5.2	6.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	995	585	415	1.0	1.2	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	66,110	32,615	33,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,295	3,180	2,110	8.0	9.8	6.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,385	9,705	8,680	27.8	29.8	25.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,430	19,730	22,705	64.2	60.5	67.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,740	11,500	11,245	34.4	35.3	33.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,090	4,630	1,465	9.2	14.2	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,215	1,245	975	3.4	3.8	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,880	3,390	485	5.9	10.4	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,545	6,030	8,510	22.0	18.5	25.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,105	840	1,265	3.2	2.6	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	19,690	8,230	11,460	29.8	25.2	34.2
Bachelor's degree	12,980	5,545	7,435	19.6	17.0	22.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,140	425	715	1.7	1.3	2.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	375	175	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Master's degree	4,600	1,785	2,815	7.0	5.5	8.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	600	305	295	0.9	0.9	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	101,120	49,465	51,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	43,545	22,215	21,330	43.1	44.9	41.3
Education	3,825	1,015	2,810	3.8	2.1	5.4
13. Education	3,825	1,015	2,810	3.8	2.1	5.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,175	870	1,305	2.2	1.8	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	120	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,980	750	1,225	2.0	1.5	2.4
Humanities	3,185	1,305	1,885	3.1	2.6	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	325	60	270	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	790	200	585	0.8	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	865	370	490	0.9	0.7	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	145	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	210	155	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	225	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	545	335	210	0.5	0.7	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,600	2,615	4,990	7.5	5.3	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	175	65	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	735	260	470	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,210	85	1,125	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	980	265	715	1.0	0.5	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	235	85	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
42. Psychology	1,365	350	1,015	1.3	0.7	2.0
45. Social sciences	2,900	1,505	1,395	2.9	3.0	2.7
Business, management and public administration	10,430	3,780	6,650	10.3	7.6	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,015	270	745	1.0	0.5	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,410	3,515	5,895	9.3	7.1	11.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,515	1,250	1,265	2.5	2.5	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,165	490	675	1.2	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	410	195	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	750	490	255	0.7	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	125	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,215	1,520	695	2.2	3.1	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,775	1,285	490	1.8	2.6	0.9
25. Library science	150	35	115	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	235	155	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	60	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,230	10,235	995	11.1	20.7	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	405	240	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	1,720	1,490	225	1.7	3.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,670	2,310	360	2.6	4.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,405	3,320	85	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,815	1,720	95	1.8	3.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,220	1,155	65	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,625	860	760	1.6	1.7	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	955	445	505	0.9	0.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	670	415	255	0.7	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	9,170	1,855	7,310	9.1	3.8	14.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	680	335	350	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,365	1,445	6,925	8.3	2.9	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	110	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,585	1,940	1,650	3.5	3.9	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,030	695	1,335	2.0	1.4	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	90	85	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	120	105	20	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	655	425	225	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	695	625	65	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	66,105	32,615	33,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,675	12,885	10,790	35.8	39.5	32.2
Education	2,270	535	1,735	3.4	1.6	5.2
13. Education	2,270	535	1,735	3.4	1.6	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,670	675	990	2.5	2.1	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,555	615	940	2.4	1.9	2.8
Humanities	2,250	895	1,350	3.4	2.7	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	225	35	185	0.3	0.1	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	565	130	435	0.9	0.4	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	625	265	365	0.9	0.8	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	160	125	35	0.2	0.4	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	405	225	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,940	1,915	4,020	9.0	5.9	12.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	165	60	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	615	200	410	0.9	0.6	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	965	80	885	1.5	0.2	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	815	195	620	1.2	0.6	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	55	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	940	210	730	1.4	0.6	2.2
45. Social sciences	2,250	1,115	1,135	3.4	3.4	3.4
Business, management and public administration	7,940	2,895	5,045	12.0	8.9	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	720	185	535	1.1	0.6	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,215	2,710	4,510	10.9	8.3	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,860	860	1,000	2.8	2.6	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	875	350	525	1.3	1.1	1.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	300	135	165	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	555	330	220	0.8	1.0	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,740	1,230	515	2.6	3.8	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,485	1,090	400	2.2	3.3	1.2
25. Library science	60	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	155	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,020	7,210	810	12.1	22.1	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	300	155	145	0.5	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	1,335	1,130	200	2.0	3.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,855	1,590	265	2.8	4.9	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,485	2,405	85	3.8	7.4	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,240	1,180	65	1.9	3.6	0.2
48. Precision production	795	750	45	1.2	2.3	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,265	615	650	1.9	1.9	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	775	350	425	1.2	1.1	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	490	265	225	0.7	0.8	0.7
Health and related fields	6,650	1,415	5,240	10.1	4.3	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	545	275	270	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,025	1,090	4,940	9.1	3.3	14.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,825	1,485	1,340	4.3	4.6	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,605	540	1,070	2.4	1.7	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	80	65	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	55	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	545	360	185	0.8	1.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	520	465	60	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	66,105	32,615	33,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,675	12,885	10,790	35.8	39.5	32.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	42,430	19,730	22,700	64.2	60.5	67.8
Location of study inside Canada	36,515	17,135	19,380	55.2	52.5	57.9
Same as province or territory of residence	27,230	12,540	14,690	41.2	38.4	43.9
Different than province or territory of residence	9,290	4,600	4,690	14.1	14.1	14.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	5,910	2,590	3,320	8.9	7.9	9.9
Americas	1,430	690	735	2.2	2.1	2.2
United States of America	1,030	530	500	1.6	1.6	1.5
Mexico	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	85	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	1,530	700	825	2.3	2.1	2.5
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germany	130	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	755	335	415	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	185	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	270	130	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	125	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	2,425	915	1,510	3.7	2.8	4.5
Iran⁸⁸	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	235	90	145	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwan	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	125	15	120	0.2	0.0	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	110	40	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Philippines	880	300	575	1.3	0.9	1.7
Viet Nam	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	585	275	310	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pakistan	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	140	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Oceania	260	150	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australia	215	115	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
New Zealand	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	101,125	49,465	51,660	...	...	...
In the labour force	65,700	33,925	31,770	...	...	...
Employed	61,510	31,710	29,800	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,185	2,215	1,970	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,425	15,535	19,890	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.0	68.6	61.5	65.0	68.6	61.5
Employment rate	60.8	64.1	57.7	60.8	64.1	57.7
Unemployment rate	6.4	6.5	6.2	6.4	6.5	6.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	101,120	49,465	51,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,790	15,390	19,395	34.4	31.1	37.5
Worked	66,335	34,080	32,260	65.6	68.9	62.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	36,055	20,245	15,805	35.7	40.9	30.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,280	13,835	16,450	29.9	28.0	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.7	41.1	42.0	42.7	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,695	33,925	31,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	915	480	435	1.4	1.4	1.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	64,780	33,445	31,335	98.6	98.6	98.6
Employee	54,510	27,535	26,975	83.0	81.2	84.9
Permanent position	47,120	24,030	23,090	71.7	70.8	72.7
Temporary position	7,390	3,505	3,880	11.2	10.3	12.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,590	1,300	1,290	3.9	3.8	4.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,795	2,205	2,590	7.3	6.5	8.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,270	5,910	4,365	15.6	17.4	13.7
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,695	33,925	31,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	915	480	435	1.4	1.4	1.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	64,780	33,445	31,335	98.6	98.6	98.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	740	435	310	1.1	1.3	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	10,835	3,020	7,815	16.5	8.9	24.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	5,530	4,165	1,370	8.4	12.3	4.3
3 Health occupations	5,320	1,075	4,245	8.1	3.2	13.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	9,680	3,935	5,750	14.7	11.6	18.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,275	1,010	1,275	3.5	3.0	4.0
6 Sales and service occupations	16,375	7,330	9,045	24.9	21.6	28.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	11,340	10,345	995	17.3	30.5	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,405	1,115	290	2.1	3.3	0.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,270	1,020	255	1.9	3.0	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,695	33,925	31,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	915	480	435	1.4	1.4	1.4
All industries¹⁹¹	64,780	33,445	31,335	98.6	98.6	98.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	720	455	260	1.1	1.3	0.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	90	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
22 Utilities	200	180	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
23 Construction	6,100	5,440	665	9.3	16.0	2.1
31-33 Manufacturing	2,530	1,855	680	3.9	5.5	2.1
41 Wholesale trade	985	705	285	1.5	2.1	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	7,460	3,775	3,685	11.4	11.1	11.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,400	1,845	555	3.7	5.4	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	980	595	380	1.5	1.8	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	1,705	600	1,105	2.6	1.8	3.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,060	490	565	1.6	1.4	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	5,210	2,785	2,420	7.9	8.2	7.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	3,255	2,030	1,230	5.0	6.0	3.9
61 Educational services	4,435	1,445	2,990	6.8	4.3	9.4
62 Health care and social assistance	8,960	1,890	7,075	13.6	5.6	22.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,435	695	740	2.2	2.0	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,430	1,965	2,470	6.7	5.8	7.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,790	1,175	1,615	4.2	3.5	5.1
91 Public administration	9,960	5,405	4,555	15.2	15.9	14.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	70,955	36,415	34,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,830	35,435	33,395	97.0	97.3	96.7
French	125	20	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	180	125	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	180	125	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	845	375	465	1.2	1.0	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	945	430	515	1.3	1.2	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	70,955	36,415	34,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	70,765	36,325	34,440	99.7	99.8	99.7
Official languages	70,455	36,155	34,295	99.3	99.3	99.3
English	70,205	36,105	34,100	98.9	99.1	98.7
French	245	55	195	0.3	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	310	165	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	310	165	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	190	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	100	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	70,955	36,415	34,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	69,320	35,675	33,650	97.7	98.0	97.4
English	240	60	175	0.3	0.2	0.5
French	630	310	325	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official language	640	310	330	0.9	0.9	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	630	305	325	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	61,510	31,710	29,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,085	6,325	7,760	22.9	19.9	26.0
Worked outside Canada	110	80	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,460	7,070	2,380	15.4	22.3	8.0
Usual place of work	37,855	18,225	19,630	61.5	57.5	65.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,855	18,230	19,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,365	4,650	5,720	27.4	25.5	29.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	26,700	13,085	13,610	70.5	71.8	69.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	715	450	265	1.9	2.5	1.3
Commute to a different province or territory	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,315	25,305	22,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	37,465	20,230	17,235	79.2	79.9	78.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	35,025	19,210	15,820	74.0	75.9	71.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,435	1,025	1,410	5.1	4.1	6.4
Public transit	3,650	1,450	2,205	7.7	5.7	10.0
Walked	2,735	1,405	1,330	5.8	5.6	6.0
Bicycle	1,980	1,300	680	4.2	5.1	3.1
Other method	1,480	915	565	3.1	3.6	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,315	25,305	22,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,665	7,120	7,545	31.0	28.1	34.3
15 to 29 minutes	19,385	10,395	8,990	41.0	41.1	40.8
30 to 44 minutes	8,260	4,835	3,425	17.5	19.1	15.6
45 to 59 minutes	2,840	1,655	1,190	6.0	6.5	5.4
60 minutes and over	2,165	1,300	865	4.6	5.1	3.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,315	25,305	22,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,620	1,810	820	5.5	7.2	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,450	5,495	2,955	17.9	21.7	13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	13,155	7,160	5,990	27.8	28.3	27.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,185	4,610	5,570	21.5	18.2	25.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,450	2,725	3,725	13.6	10.8	16.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,455	3,500	2,960	13.6	13.8	13.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	20,870	10,690	10,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,810	930	890	8.7	8.7	8.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	19,055	9,760	9,290	91.3	91.3	91.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,295	7,840	7,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,365	705	660	8.9	9.0	8.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	790	390	400	5.2	5.0	5.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	575	315	260	3.8	4.0	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,930	7,135	6,795	91.1	91.0	91.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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