Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Cowichan--Malahat--LangfordMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	124,105	60,735	63,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19,180	9,675	9,495	15.5	15.9	15.0
0 to 4 years	5,795	2,855	2,940	4.7	4.7	4.6
5 to 9 years	6,745	3,420	3,320	5.4	5.6	5.2
10 to 14 years	6,640	3,400	3,235	5.4	5.6	5.1
15 to 64 years	77,795	38,235	39,565	62.7	63.0	62.4
15 to 19 years	6,185	3,215	2,970	5.0	5.3	4.7
20 to 24 years	5,740	3,025	2,715	4.6	5.0	4.3
25 to 29 years	6,815	3,415	3,400	5.5	5.6	5.4
30 to 34 years	8,045	3,930	4,115	6.5	6.5	6.5
35 to 39 years	8,660	4,215	4,445	7.0	6.9	7.0
40 to 44 years	7,980	3,960	4,020	6.4	6.5	6.3
45 to 49 years	7,565	3,675	3,895	6.1	6.1	6.1
50 to 54 years	7,855	3,790	4,070	6.3	6.2	6.4
55 to 59 years	9,260	4,395	4,870	7.5	7.2	7.7
60 to 64 years	9,680	4,615	5,070	7.8	7.6	8.0
65 years and over	27,135	12,825	14,310	21.9	21.1	22.6
65 to 69 years	8,975	4,230	4,750	7.2	7.0	7.5
70 to 74 years	7,675	3,780	3,895	6.2	6.2	6.1
75 to 79 years	4,730	2,235	2,495	3.8	3.7	3.9
80 to 84 years	2,965	1,405	1,560	2.4	2.3	2.5
85 years and over	2,790	1,175	1,620	2.2	1.9	2.6
85 to 89 years	1,740	815	925	1.4	1.3	1.5
90 to 94 years	820	300	525	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	200	60	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.5	15.9	15.0	15.5	15.9	15.0
15 to 64 years	62.7	63.0	62.4	62.7	63.0	62.4
65 years and over	21.9	21.1	22.6	21.9	21.1	22.6
85 years and over	2.2	1.9	2.6	2.2	1.9	2.6
Average age of the population	43.7	43.0	44.4	43.7	43.0	44.4
Median age of the population	44.8	43.6	45.6	44.8	43.6	45.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	51,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	30,075	...	...	58.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,190	...	...	4.3	...	...
Row house	2,380	...	...	4.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,870	...	...	11.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,915	...	...	13.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,330	...	...	2.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,395	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	51,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,805	...	...	26.9	...	...
2 persons	20,105	...	...	39.2	...	...
3 persons	7,565	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	6,170	...	...	12.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,705	...	...	7.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	122,235	59,860	62,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	104,930	51,060	53,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	63,035	31,470	31,565	60.1	61.6	58.6
Married	49,385	24,670	24,715	47.1	48.3	45.9
Living common-law	13,650	6,800	6,850	13.0	13.3	12.7
Living common law - Never married	9,415	4,735	4,680	9.0	9.3	8.7
Living common law - Separated	630	330	295	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	3,210	1,560	1,645	3.1	3.1	3.1
Living common law - Widowed	395	165	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	41,900	19,590	22,310	39.9	38.4	41.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,205	13,890	11,315	24.0	27.2	21.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,110	1,285	1,825	3.0	2.5	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,100	3,175	4,925	7.7	6.2	9.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,485	1,240	4,245	5.2	2.4	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	36,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	21,530	...	...	58.9	...	...
3 persons	7,140	...	...	19.5	...	...
4 persons	5,775	...	...	15.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,085	...	...	5.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	36,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	30,835	...	...	84.4	...	...
Married couples	24,015	...	...	65.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,545	...	...	28.9	...	...
Without children	13,470	...	...	36.9	...	...
Common-law couples	6,820	...	...	18.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,415	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	4,410	...	...	12.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,700	...	...	15.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,215	...	...	11.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,485	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	122,235	59,860	62,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	98,750	48,920	49,830	80.8	81.7	79.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	61,675	30,770	30,905	50.5	51.4	49.6
Parents in one-parent families	5,700	1,480	4,215	4.7	2.5	6.8
Children⁶	31,380	16,670	14,715	25.7	27.8	23.6
In a two-parent family	22,870	12,005	10,865	18.7	20.1	17.4
In a one-parent family	8,515	4,665	3,850	7.0	7.8	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,480	10,940	12,540	19.2	18.3	20.1
Living alone	13,805	6,045	7,755	11.3	10.1	12.4
Living with other relatives⁷	3,310	1,410	1,900	2.7	2.4	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	6,365	3,480	2,885	5.2	5.8	4.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	51,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	30,685	...	...	59.8	...	...
Couple-family households	26,600	...	...	51.8	...	...
With children⁶	11,020	...	...	21.5	...	...
Without children	15,575	...	...	30.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,090	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,505	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	525	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,445	...	...	4.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,380	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	13,800	...	...	26.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	103,110	50,210	52,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,530	48,950	51,580	97.5	97.5	97.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	49,200	37,600	42,400	49,200	37,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	100,620	49,000	51,630	97.6	97.6	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	44,000	34,800	38,800	44,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	90,815	44,785	46,030	88.1	89.2	87.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	44,000	28,800	36,000	44,000	28,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,125	35,390	34,735	68.0	70.5	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,200	32,400	39,200	47,200	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	84,015	38,650	45,365	81.5	77.0	85.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,900	10,000	11,500	10,900	10,000	11,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,780	4,165	4,620	8.5	8.3	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,360	5,480	5,480	5,360	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,415	11,290	13,120	23.7	22.5	24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	103,080	50,180	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,480	48,910	51,570	97.5	97.5	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,500	58,750	44,600	51,500	58,750	44,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	100,550	48,950	51,605	97.5	97.5	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,240	49,520	39,280	44,240	49,520	39,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,895	44,735	46,155	88.2	89.1	87.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,320	54,800	38,040	46,320	54,800	38,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,090	35,585	34,505	68.0	70.9	65.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,920	54,400	39,240	46,920	54,400	39,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	83,810	38,520	45,290	81.3	76.8	85.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,510	10,920	12,010	11,510	10,920	12,010
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,710	4,080	4,625	8.4	8.1	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,470	5,760	7,100	6,470	5,760	7,100
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,200	11,005	13,190	23.5	21.9	24.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,760	8,470	9,000	8,760	8,470	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	103,080	50,180	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,800	18,415	14,390	31.8	36.7	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	68,500	55,600	62,000	68,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	76,000	61,300	69,600	76,000	61,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,275	12,675	15,605	27.4	25.3	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	24,200	18,400	20,800	24,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,920	35,360	25,480	29,920	35,360	25,480
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	81.4	85.4	76.4	81.4	85.4	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.6	67.4	58.9	63.6	67.4	58.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	18.6	14.6	23.6	18.6	14.6	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.0	6.7	5.2	4.0	6.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.2	4.1	3.3	5.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	103,115	50,210	52,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,580	1,260	1,320	2.5	2.5	2.5
With total income	100,530	48,950	51,580	97.5	97.5	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,980	3,510	4,470	7.9	7.2	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	11,360	4,465	6,890	11.3	9.1	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	14,575	5,905	8,675	14.5	12.1	16.8
$30,000 to $39,999	13,200	5,760	7,445	13.1	11.8	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,800	5,350	6,450	11.7	10.9	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,095	4,780	5,315	10.0	9.8	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,895	4,225	3,670	7.8	8.6	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	6,085	3,505	2,580	6.1	7.2	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	4,650	2,830	1,820	4.6	5.8	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,585	2,220	1,360	3.6	4.5	2.6
$100,000 and over	9,310	6,400	2,910	9.3	13.1	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	6,820	4,590	2,225	6.8	9.4	4.3
$150,000 and over	2,495	1,810	680	2.5	3.7	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	103,115	50,210	52,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,490	1,215	1,275	2.4	2.4	2.4
With after-tax income	100,620	49,000	51,630	97.6	97.6	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,395	3,640	4,755	8.3	7.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	11,850	4,655	7,195	11.8	9.5	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	16,540	6,785	9,755	16.4	13.9	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	15,315	6,870	8,445	15.2	14.0	16.4
$40,000 to $49,999	13,670	6,295	7,370	13.6	12.9	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	10,750	5,650	5,095	10.7	11.5	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,775	4,435	3,340	7.7	9.1	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,625	3,450	2,175	5.6	7.0	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,730	2,370	1,360	3.7	4.8	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	2,390	1,585	805	2.4	3.2	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,585	3,260	1,330	4.6	6.7	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,640	1,845	795	2.6	3.8	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,950	1,415	540	1.9	2.9	1.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	103,115	50,210	52,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,990	14,830	18,165	32.0	29.5	34.3
With employment income	70,125	35,390	34,735	68.0	70.5	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,450	4,270	5,180	13.5	12.1	14.9
$5,000 to $9,999	5,025	2,075	2,955	7.2	5.9	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	7,990	3,330	4,660	11.4	9.4	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,625	2,925	3,700	9.4	8.3	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	6,535	2,980	3,560	9.3	8.4	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	6,595	3,040	3,555	9.4	8.6	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	6,085	2,905	3,175	8.7	8.2	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,090	2,870	2,220	7.3	8.1	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,155	2,505	1,645	5.9	7.1	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,465	2,155	1,310	4.9	6.1	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,775	1,765	1,010	4.0	5.0	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,340	4,555	1,780	9.0	12.9	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,420	2,355	1,065	4.9	6.6	3.1
$125,000 and over	2,925	2,210	715	4.2	6.2	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	103,110	50,210	52,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,065	47,645	50,425	95.1	94.9	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	34,400	40,400	48,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	98,300	47,680	50,615	95.3	95.0	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,800	31,400	36,400	42,800	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,050	44,340	45,715	87.3	88.3	86.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,800	45,600	30,200	36,800	45,600	30,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	73,610	37,140	36,470	71.4	74.0	68.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,600	31,200	37,200	45,600	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,970	29,210	38,760	65.9	58.2	73.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,400	8,800	8,200	8,400	8,800	8,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,895	3,150	3,745	6.7	6.3	7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	4,720	5,520	5,080	4,720	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	103,080	50,180	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,060	47,595	50,460	95.1	94.8	95.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,720	58,400	41,520	49,720	58,400	41,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	98,220	47,615	50,610	95.3	94.9	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,960	48,320	36,000	41,960	48,320	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	90,075	44,305	45,765	87.4	88.3	86.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,960	56,400	37,800	46,960	56,400	37,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	73,745	37,320	36,425	71.5	74.4	68.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,320	53,250	37,160	45,320	53,250	37,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,920	29,055	38,860	65.9	57.9	73.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,480	9,610	9,390	9,480	9,610	9,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,890	3,050	3,845	6.7	6.1	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,750	5,980	7,370	6,750	5,980	7,370
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	103,080	50,180	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	32,490	18,210	14,285	31.5	36.3	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	66,500	51,600	58,800	66,500	51,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,900	73,500	56,250	65,900	73,500	56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,895	12,010	14,890	26.1	23.9	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	32,800	23,200	26,800	32,800	23,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,640	43,120	29,600	35,640	43,120	29,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.8	90.0	82.6	86.8	90.0	82.6
Employment income (%)	68.6	71.6	64.6	68.6	71.6	64.6
Government transfers (%)	13.2	10.1	17.4	13.2	10.1	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4	1.0	0.7	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	51,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	37,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	51,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,800	...	...	100,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,765	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,160	...	...	51,160	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,440	...	...	44,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	37,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,900	...	...	118,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,200	...	...	102,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	51,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	385	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	890	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,850	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,445	...	...	2.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,585	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,835	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,020	...	...	3.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,900	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,910	...	...	7.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,800	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,620	...	...	7.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,290	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,125	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	21,000	...	...	40.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,500	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,850	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,600	...	...	10.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,050	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	51,345	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	535	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	395	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	950	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,920	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,685	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,810	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,205	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,280	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,275	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,450	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,420	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,125	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,760	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,330	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,990	...	...	33.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,650	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,355	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,980	...	...	11.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	35,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	16,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,000	...	...	135,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,220	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	20,170	9,525	10,645	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	42,400	38,400	40,400	42,400	38,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,400	35,600	36,800	38,400	35,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	35,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,500	...	...	117,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	100,700	...	...	100,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,300	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,400	...	...	89,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,400	...	...	148,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,500	...	...	125,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,210	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,900	...	...	77,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	20,040	9,430	10,610	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	47,920	50,040	46,040	47,920	50,040	46,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,880	43,120	40,760	41,880	43,120	40,760
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	122,235	59,860	62,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,915	11,640	11,270	18.7	19.4	18.1
0 to 5 years	7,100	3,495	3,615	5.8	5.8	5.8
18 to 64 years	73,310	35,825	37,485	60.0	59.8	60.1
65 years and over	26,010	12,395	13,615	21.3	20.7	21.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,220	5,110	6,110	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,485	1,255	1,235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	775	380	390	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,850	2,725	3,125	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,885	1,135	1,750	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.2	8.5	9.8	9.2	8.5	9.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	10.8	10.9	10.9	10.8	10.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.9	10.9	10.8	10.9	10.9	10.8
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	7.6	8.3	8.0	7.6	8.3
65 years and over (%)	11.1	9.2	12.8	11.1	9.2	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	118,535	57,920	60,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,815	11,045	10,770	18.4	19.1	17.8
0 to 5 years	6,780	3,350	3,420	5.7	5.8	5.6
18 to 64 years	71,040	34,645	36,395	59.9	59.8	60.0
65 years and over	25,680	12,230	13,455	21.7	21.1	22.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,600	1,795	1,810	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	740	350	385	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	195	90	105	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,550	1,305	1,240	...	...	...
65 years and over	315	135	175	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.1	3.0	3.0	3.1	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.2	3.6	3.4	3.2	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.8	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	3.8	3.4	3.6	3.8	3.4
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	122,235	59,860	62,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	58,130	27,745	30,380	47.6	46.3	48.7
In bottom decile	10,945	5,145	5,800	9.0	8.6	9.3
In second decile	11,150	5,095	6,050	9.1	8.5	9.7
In third decile	11,485	5,490	6,000	9.4	9.2	9.6
In fourth decile	11,915	5,750	6,165	9.7	9.6	9.9
In fifth decile	12,635	6,270	6,365	10.3	10.5	10.2
In top half of the distribution	64,105	32,110	31,990	52.4	53.6	51.3
In sixth decile	13,100	6,450	6,645	10.7	10.8	10.7
In seventh decile	13,475	6,720	6,755	11.0	11.2	10.8
In eighth decile	13,480	6,740	6,745	11.0	11.3	10.8
In ninth decile	13,445	6,810	6,640	11.0	11.4	10.6
In top decile	10,610	5,395	5,215	8.7	9.0	8.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	122,230	...	...	122,230	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.300	...	...	0.300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269	...	...	0.269	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	123,350	60,425	62,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	114,625	56,535	58,085	92.9	93.6	92.3
French only	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	8,180	3,655	4,525	6.6	6.0	7.2
Neither English nor French	500	210	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	123,350	60,425	62,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	121,195	59,390	61,805	98.3	98.3	98.2
French	1,510	770	740	1.2	1.3	1.2
English and French	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	460	195	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	123,350	60,425	62,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	121,005	59,335	61,665	98.1	98.2	98.0
Official languages	110,680	54,655	56,025	89.7	90.5	89.0
English	109,085	53,830	55,255	88.4	89.1	87.8
French	1,590	825	765	1.3	1.4	1.2
Non-official languages	10,325	4,685	5,640	8.4	7.8	9.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10,215	4,640	5,580	8.3	7.7	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	320	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	305	160	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	260	135	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	255	110	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,140	440	695	0.9	0.7	1.1
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	935	370	570	0.8	0.6	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,160	2,880	3,285	5.0	4.8	5.2
Albanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	985	455	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baltic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	955	445	515	0.8	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	255	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	295	130	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,955	890	1,065	1.6	1.5	1.7
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,020	455	565	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	990	445	545	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	705	330	380	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	605	275	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,760	865	890	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	1,510	735	770	1.2	1.2	1.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	240	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	995	465	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	250	130	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	175	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,375	615	760	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	275	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	815	350	470	0.7	0.6	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	190	55	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	430	195	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,045	455	590	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	1,025	445	580	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	650	290	360	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	325	140	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	5	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	5	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	90	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	150	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,345	1,085	1,260	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	490	235	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,605	745	865	1.3	1.2	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	50	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	123,350	60,425	62,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	112,140	55,275	56,865	90.9	91.5	90.4
French	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	1,935	910	1,025	1.6	1.5	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,895	895	1,005	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and French	1,070	485	585	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	7,535	3,455	4,080	6.1	5.7	6.5
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	285	110	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	123,350	60,425	62,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	121,830	59,750	62,080	98.8	98.9	98.7
Official languages	117,585	57,725	59,855	95.3	95.5	95.1
English	117,225	57,555	59,670	95.0	95.3	94.8
French	365	170	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	4,240	2,025	2,220	3.4	3.4	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,180	1,990	2,185	3.4	3.3	3.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	525	225	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	455	195	265	0.4	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,090	1,025	1,065	1.7	1.7	1.7
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	305	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,030	515	515	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages	905	455	450	0.7	0.8	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	605	295	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	545	250	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	390	185	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	345	155	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	610	300	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	600	290	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	435	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,520	675	845	1.2	1.1	1.3
English and French	150	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,305	590	715	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	123,350	60,425	62,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	115,550	56,845	58,700	93.7	94.1	93.3
English	2,005	965	1,040	1.6	1.6	1.7
French	860	405	460	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	3,985	1,775	2,205	3.2	2.9	3.5
Indigenous³⁹	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,770	1,675	2,095	3.1	2.8	3.3
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	295	135	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	445	215	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	122,210	59,820	62,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	121,735	59,615	62,120	99.6	99.7	99.6
English	121,720	59,610	62,110	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	8,065	3,580	4,480	6.6	6.0	7.2
Non-official languages	15,910	7,285	8,625	13.0	12.2	13.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	720	330	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algonquian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	600	275	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Halkomelem	580	270	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	15,255	6,995	8,265	12.5	11.7	13.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	575	270	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	550	255	295	0.5	0.4	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	420	190	230	0.3	0.3	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	385	175	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	355	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,660	625	1,030	1.4	1.0	1.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,515	565	955	1.2	0.9	1.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	305	170	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	160	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,865	4,645	5,220	8.1	7.8	8.4
Albanian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,260	625	635	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baltic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,245	610	635	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	385	200	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	490	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	165	95	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,815	1,250	1,560	2.3	2.1	2.5
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,600	755	845	1.3	1.3	1.4
German	1,590	755	830	1.3	1.3	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	945	410	535	0.8	0.7	0.9
Afrikaans	205	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	715	295	420	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	365	150	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Danish	190	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	135	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,350	1,285	1,060	1.9	2.1	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	2,125	1,165	960	1.7	1.9	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	935	535	405	0.8	0.9	0.6
Kacchi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,195	645	550	1.0	1.1	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	215	135	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	260	160	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	235	145	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,645	1,600	2,045	3.0	2.7	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	440	210	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	465	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,850	1,220	1,635	2.3	2.0	2.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	450	190	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	435	235	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	260	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	300	110	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	275	100	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,250	570	675	1.0	1.0	1.1
Chinese languages	1,220	550	665	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	875	370	505	0.7	0.6	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	380	160	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	80	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	235	135	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	140	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,205	59,815	62,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	12,115	6,025	6,090	9.9	10.1	9.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,785	5,905	5,880	9.6	9.9	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,200	4,125	4,085	6.7	6.9	6.5
Métis	3,525	1,750	1,775	2.9	2.9	2.8
Inuk (Inuit)	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	165	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	110,090	53,790	56,305	90.1	89.9	90.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	122,205	59,815	62,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,610	3,295	3,315	5.4	5.5	5.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,595	56,520	59,080	94.6	94.5	94.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	37,685	...	...	73.4	...	...
Renter	13,205	...	...	25.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	445	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,005	...	...	13.6	...	...
Not condominium	44,335	...	...	86.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	6,195	...	...	12.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,765	...	...	26.8	...	...
3 bedrooms	18,280	...	...	35.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,840	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,010	...	...	27.3	...	...
5 rooms	8,570	...	...	16.7	...	...
6 rooms	7,815	...	...	15.2	...	...
7 rooms	6,230	...	...	12.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,705	...	...	28.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	50,520	...	...	98.4	...	...
More than one person per room	810	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	49,180	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	2,150	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,505	...	...	10.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,670	...	...	22.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,765	...	...	11.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,000	...	...	15.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,240	...	...	6.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,695	...	...	11.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,345	...	...	8.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,120	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	48,690	...	...	94.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,650	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	23,410	...	...	45.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	25,005	...	...	48.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,920	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,010	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,220	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,625	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,465	...	...	16.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	10,805	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	9,690	...	...	18.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,880	...	...	9.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,640	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	49,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	39,185	...	...	78.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,755	...	...	21.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,730	...	...	19.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	51,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,360	...	...	28.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,760	...	...	19.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,575	...	...	3.1	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,850	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	385	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	605	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	36,975	...	...	72.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	48,915	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,395	...	...	9.0	...	...
Not in core need	44,515	...	...	91.0	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	37,045	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.8	...	...	60.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,494	...	...	1,494	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	675,000	...	...	675,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	717,000	...	...	717,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,020	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	8.5	...	...	8.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.4	...	...	37.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.6	...	...	21.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...	1,410	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,430	...	...	1,430	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	445	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.2	...	...	10.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...	500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	518	...	...	518	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	122,210	59,820	62,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	6,170	3,140	3,035	5.0	5.2	4.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,105	3,105	2,995	5.0	5.2	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,360	2,720	2,640	4.4	4.5	4.2
Métis single ancestry	740	380	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,735	3,270	3,465	5.5	5.5	5.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,500	3,175	3,320	5.3	5.3	5.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,345	2,095	2,245	3.6	3.5	3.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,100	1,055	1,050	1.7	1.8	1.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	235	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	109,305	53,405	55,895	89.4	89.3	89.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	122,205	59,815	62,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	116,400	57,155	59,240	95.2	95.6	95.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,145	11,350	10,790	18.1	19.0	17.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	94,255	45,805	48,445	77.1	76.6	77.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,810	2,660	3,150	4.8	4.4	5.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	122,205	59,815	62,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	104,525	51,580	52,945	85.5	86.2	84.9
Immigrants⁸¹	16,430	7,640	8,790	13.4	12.8	14.1
Before 1980	6,335	3,015	3,325	5.2	5.0	5.3
1980 to 1990	1,825	795	1,030	1.5	1.3	1.7
1991 to 2000	1,750	810	940	1.4	1.4	1.5
2001 to 2010	2,565	1,180	1,380	2.1	2.0	2.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,950	1,830	2,120	3.2	3.1	3.4
2011 to 2015	1,885	910	975	1.5	1.5	1.6
2016 to 2021	2,065	920	1,150	1.7	1.5	1.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,255	600	650	1.0	1.0	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,430	7,635	8,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,985	935	1,050	12.1	12.2	11.9
5 to 14 years	3,255	1,605	1,655	19.8	21.0	18.8
15 to 24 years	3,215	1,405	1,810	19.6	18.4	20.6
25 to 44 years	6,695	3,125	3,570	40.7	40.9	40.6
45 years and over	1,280	575	710	7.8	7.5	8.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,430	7,635	8,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,710	1,130	1,580	16.5	14.8	18.0
Brazil	90	40	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Colombia	145	45	100	0.9	0.6	1.1
El Salvador	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyana	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	60	25	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mexico	205	90	115	1.2	1.2	1.3
Peru	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	70	30	40	0.4	0.4	0.5
United States of America	1,655	695	960	10.1	9.1	10.9
Other places of birth in Americas	370	145	230	2.3	1.9	2.6
Europe	7,700	3,740	3,955	46.9	49.0	45.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Croatia	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
France	140	55	80	0.9	0.7	0.9
Germany	765	370	400	4.7	4.8	4.6
Greece	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	100	50	50	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italy	140	60	85	0.9	0.8	1.0
Netherlands	585	260	325	3.6	3.4	3.7
Poland	230	110	120	1.4	1.4	1.4
Portugal	135	65	70	0.8	0.9	0.8
Romania	75	45	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
Russian Federation	135	60	75	0.8	0.8	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	25	20	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Ukraine	105	45	60	0.6	0.6	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,250	2,135	2,115	25.9	28.0	24.1
Other places of birth in Europe	880	415	465	5.4	5.4	5.3
Africa	855	440	420	5.2	5.8	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Eritrea	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
Ethiopia	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	115	60	55	0.7	0.8	0.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	320	150	165	1.9	2.0	1.9
Other places of birth in Africa	340	175	160	2.1	2.3	1.8
Asia	4,890	2,165	2,725	29.8	28.4	31.0
Afghanistan	45	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	150	100	50	0.9	1.3	0.6
Iraq	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Lebanon	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	100	45	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Turkey	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	565	255	305	3.4	3.3	3.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	115	65	50	0.7	0.9	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	345	185	165	2.1	2.4	1.9
Taiwan	70	25	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
Philippines	1,425	530	895	8.7	6.9	10.2
Viet Nam	235	90	140	1.4	1.2	1.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,070	520	555	6.5	6.8	6.3
Pakistan	120	60	65	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	555	215	340	3.4	2.8	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	275	165	110	1.7	2.2	1.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,065	920	1,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	350	155	195	16.9	16.8	17.0
Brazil	30	10	20	1.5	1.1	1.7
Colombia	50	15	30	2.4	1.6	2.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	40	20	20	1.9	2.2	1.7
United States of America	185	90	95	9.0	9.8	8.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	50	20	30	2.4	2.2	2.6
Europe	365	160	205	17.7	17.4	17.8
France	25	10	10	1.2	1.1	0.9
Germany	15	10	10	0.7	1.1	0.9
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	10	1.0	1.1	0.9
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	10	15	1.0	1.1	1.3
Ukraine	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	160	85	65	7.7	9.2	5.7
Other places of birth in Europe	110	20	85	5.3	2.2	7.4
Africa	140	80	65	6.8	8.7	5.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	30	20	2.4	3.3	1.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10	1.5	2.2	0.9
Asia	1,195	520	680	57.9	56.5	59.1
Afghanistan	30	20	10	1.5	2.2	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	55	55	5.3	6.0	4.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	20	10	1.5	2.2	0.9
India	305	130	175	14.8	14.1	15.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	25	0	25	1.2	0.0	2.2
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	2.4	2.7	2.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	20	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	430	205	225	20.8	22.3	19.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	85	35	50	4.1	3.8	4.3
Turkey	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.9
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	40	10	35	1.9	1.1	3.0
Other places of birth in Asia	30	0	25	1.5	0.0	2.2
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Australia	10	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.9
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	122,205	59,815	62,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,270	9,005	10,265	15.8	15.1	16.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,845	11,190	11,650	18.7	18.7	18.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	80,090	39,615	40,475	65.5	66.2	64.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,090	4,620	5,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,440	2,630	2,810	53.9	56.9	51.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,250	1,260	990	22.3	27.3	18.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,190	1,375	1,815	31.6	29.8	33.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,665	1,520	2,145	36.3	32.9	39.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	920	460	460	9.1	10.0	8.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	70	10	55	0.7	0.2	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,090	4,620	5,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	215	100	115	2.1	2.2	2.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,000	905	1,095	19.8	19.6	20.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	430	215	215	4.3	4.7	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	575	230	350	5.7	5.0	6.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	25	40	0.6	0.5	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	6,805	3,150	3,655	67.4	68.2	66.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	122,210	59,820	62,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,155	5,765	6,385	9.9	9.6	10.2
South Asian	3,135	1,625	1,515	2.6	2.7	2.4
Chinese	1,770	855	915	1.4	1.4	1.5
Black	1,310	605	710	1.1	1.0	1.1
Filipino	2,015	840	1,175	1.6	1.4	1.9
Arab	235	85	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latin American	895	365	535	0.7	0.6	0.9
Southeast Asian	750	360	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
West Asian	300	185	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	545	310	235	0.4	0.5	0.4
Japanese	530	230	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	480	215	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	110,055	54,050	56,005	90.1	90.4	89.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	122,205	59,815	62,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	15,585	7,735	7,850	12.8	12.9	12.6
English	40,200	19,160	21,040	32.9	32.0	33.7
Irish	22,170	10,150	12,020	18.1	17.0	19.3
Scottish	29,315	14,070	15,245	24.0	23.5	24.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	10,280	4,825	5,460	8.4	8.1	8.8
German	15,585	7,530	8,055	12.8	12.6	12.9
Chinese	2,165	1,075	1,090	1.8	1.8	1.7
Italian	3,875	1,865	2,010	3.2	3.1	3.2
Indian (India)	2,335	1,210	1,125	1.9	2.0	1.8
Ukrainian	5,585	2,615	2,970	4.6	4.4	4.8
Dutch	6,010	2,910	3,100	4.9	4.9	5.0
Polish	3,860	1,720	2,135	3.2	2.9	3.4
Québécois	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,015	3,265	3,750	5.7	5.5	6.0
Filipino	1,975	840	1,135	1.6	1.4	1.8
French Canadian	1,305	655	650	1.1	1.1	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,655	1,405	1,255	2.2	2.3	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,700	2,425	2,275	3.8	4.1	3.6
Métis	3,140	1,555	1,580	2.6	2.6	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,480	1,830	1,645	2.8	3.1	2.6
Russian	2,845	1,355	1,490	2.3	2.3	2.4
Norwegian	4,560	2,125	2,435	3.7	3.6	3.9
Welsh	4,040	1,725	2,315	3.3	2.9	3.7
Portuguese	1,060	510	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
American	2,255	1,160	1,100	1.8	1.9	1.8
Spanish	1,165	555	615	1.0	0.9	1.0
Swedish	3,340	1,525	1,815	2.7	2.5	2.9
Hungarian	1,180	580	605	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	230	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	460	230	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	470	215	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	440	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	585	315	270	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	190	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	500	225	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	915	405	510	0.7	0.7	0.8
Korean	510	305	210	0.4	0.5	0.3
Romanian	580	250	330	0.5	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,175	1,035	1,145	1.8	1.7	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	685	295	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	205	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Austrian	1,395	675	720	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belgian	610	255	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
Haitian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	205	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	690	340	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	305	155	155	0.2	0.3	0.2
Swiss	780	365	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	1,265	645	620	1.0	1.1	1.0
Sri Lankan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	340	140	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	690	295	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,230	555	670	1.0	0.9	1.1
Muslim	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	160	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	915	425	490	0.7	0.7	0.8
Colombian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	470	215	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	60	40	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	175	95	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	135	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	130	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	105	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	60	45	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	175	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	130	75	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	430	180	255	0.4	0.3	0.4
Australian	395	180	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	80	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	340	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Brunswicker	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	105	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	175	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cuban	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	115	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	60	10	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	165	110	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	215	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	830	430	400	0.7	0.7	0.6
Ecuadorian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	190	75	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	35	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	122,205	59,815	62,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	680	300	375	0.6	0.5	0.6
Christian	39,725	17,665	22,055	32.5	29.5	35.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,615	3,905	4,705	7.0	6.5	7.5
Anabaptist	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	5,730	2,520	3,210	4.7	4.2	5.1
Baptist	1,810	835	975	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catholic	11,760	5,250	6,510	9.6	8.8	10.4
Christian Orthodox	500	220	275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	650	265	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
Latter Day Saints	540	225	315	0.4	0.4	0.5
Lutheran	1,030	440	585	0.8	0.7	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	945	445	500	0.8	0.7	0.8
Presbyterian	845	365	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	4,270	1,785	2,485	3.5	3.0	4.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,430	1,110	1,320	2.0	1.9	2.1
Hindu	810	440	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jewish	390	205	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	895	490	410	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	1,130	605	520	0.9	1.0	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,045	485	560	0.9	0.8	0.9
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,795	705	1,090	1.5	1.2	1.7
No religion and secular perspectives	75,740	38,925	36,815	62.0	65.1	59.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	121,140	59,235	61,905	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	103,045	50,470	52,570	85.1	85.2	84.9
Movers	18,100	8,765	9,335	14.9	14.8	15.1
Non-migrants	9,365	4,585	4,775	7.7	7.7	7.7
Migrants	8,735	4,180	4,560	7.2	7.1	7.4
Internal migrants	7,965	3,870	4,095	6.6	6.5	6.6
Intraprovincial migrants	5,720	2,770	2,955	4.7	4.7	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,245	1,100	1,145	1.9	1.9	1.8
External migrants	775	310	460	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	116,495	56,980	59,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,035	30,605	31,430	53.3	53.7	52.8
Movers	54,460	26,370	28,090	46.7	46.3	47.2
Non-migrants	12,985	6,345	6,640	11.1	11.1	11.2
Migrants	41,480	20,030	21,445	35.6	35.2	36.0
Internal migrants	38,110	18,475	19,640	32.7	32.4	33.0
Intraprovincial migrants	30,100	14,495	15,610	25.8	25.4	26.2
Interprovincial migrants	8,010	3,980	4,025	6.9	7.0	6.8
External migrants	3,370	1,555	1,810	2.9	2.7	3.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,080	50,180	52,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	17,740	9,995	7,750	17.2	19.9	14.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,340	40,190	45,150	82.8	80.1	85.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,295	31,565	33,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	7,930	4,720	3,205	12.1	15.0	9.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,365	26,850	30,515	87.9	85.1	90.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	103,080	50,180	52,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	14,915	8,210	6,705	14.5	16.4	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,850	15,975	16,875	31.9	31.8	31.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	55,315	25,995	29,315	53.7	51.8	55.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,665	17,220	17,445	33.6	34.3	33.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,335	7,815	2,520	10.0	15.6	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,065	2,320	1,745	3.9	4.6	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,270	5,490	770	6.1	10.9	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	20,380	8,020	12,360	19.8	16.0	23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,955	1,385	2,570	3.8	2.8	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,650	8,780	11,875	20.0	17.5	22.4
Bachelor's degree	13,535	5,520	8,015	13.1	11.0	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,430	550	880	1.4	1.1	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	505	300	205	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	4,525	2,060	2,470	4.4	4.1	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	650	345	305	0.6	0.7	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,295	31,570	33,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,325	3,720	2,600	9.7	11.8	7.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,305	9,815	9,490	29.6	31.1	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,665	18,030	21,635	60.7	57.1	64.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,385	12,015	12,370	37.3	38.1	36.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,910	5,280	1,630	10.6	16.7	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,610	1,485	1,125	4.0	4.7	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,300	3,800	505	6.6	12.0	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	14,775	5,725	9,050	22.6	18.1	26.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,700	1,010	1,695	4.1	3.2	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,280	6,015	9,265	23.4	19.1	27.5
Bachelor's degree	10,270	3,980	6,295	15.7	12.6	18.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	975	325	650	1.5	1.0	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	355	175	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	3,280	1,340	1,935	5.0	4.2	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	200	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	103,080	50,180	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,765	24,185	23,585	46.3	48.2	44.6
Education	4,220	1,000	3,225	4.1	2.0	6.1
13. Education	4,220	1,000	3,225	4.1	2.0	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,765	740	1,025	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	135	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,575	605	975	1.5	1.2	1.8
Humanities	2,465	960	1,510	2.4	1.9	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	275	40	235	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	690	205	485	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	550	185	365	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	180	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	175	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	360	210	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	0	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,020	1,990	4,030	5.8	4.0	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	125	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	570	185	385	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,210	130	1,080	1.2	0.3	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	885	255	635	0.9	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	120	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	1,070	280	795	1.0	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,980	980	995	1.9	2.0	1.9
Business, management and public administration	10,035	3,475	6,560	9.7	6.9	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	950	240	710	0.9	0.5	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,070	3,230	5,840	8.8	6.4	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,005	1,070	930	1.9	2.1	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	895	450	440	0.9	0.9	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	450	190	255	0.4	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	535	405	125	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	15	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,785	1,190	600	1.7	2.4	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,460	1,030	430	1.4	2.1	0.8
25. Library science	115	15	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	115	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,715	10,930	785	11.4	21.8	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	200	135	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	1,520	1,355	165	1.5	2.7	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,285	2,005	280	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,440	3,340	95	3.3	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,540	2,450	90	2.5	4.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,720	1,645	80	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,775	980	795	1.7	2.0	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,000	415	590	1.0	0.8	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	775	565	210	0.8	1.1	0.4
Health and related fields	9,685	1,655	8,030	9.4	3.3	15.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	600	315	285	0.6	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,885	1,245	7,645	8.6	2.5	14.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	95	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,835	2,020	1,815	3.7	4.0	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,350	775	1,580	2.3	1.5	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	55	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	65	65	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	580	410	170	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	780	720	60	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,295	31,565	33,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	25,630	13,535	12,095	39.3	42.9	35.9
Education	2,570	515	2,055	3.9	1.6	6.1
13. Education	2,570	515	2,055	3.9	1.6	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,230	510	715	1.9	1.6	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,100	425	675	1.7	1.3	2.0
Humanities	1,580	550	1,025	2.4	1.7	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	205	25	175	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	435	95	340	0.7	0.3	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	390	135	265	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	135	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	95	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	190	100	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,650	1,400	3,255	7.1	4.4	9.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	445	135	315	0.7	0.4	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	955	90	865	1.5	0.3	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	710	155	550	1.1	0.5	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
42. Psychology	800	205	600	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	1,510	695	820	2.3	2.2	2.4
Business, management and public administration	7,405	2,475	4,930	11.3	7.8	14.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	645	140	500	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,755	2,330	4,420	10.3	7.4	13.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,470	725	745	2.3	2.3	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	675	300	370	1.0	1.0	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	360	140	220	0.6	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	370	275	95	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,455	1,020	445	2.2	3.2	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,275	925	350	2.0	2.9	1.0
25. Library science	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,030	7,395	635	12.3	23.4	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	145	80	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,100	955	145	1.7	3.0	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,535	1,320	220	2.4	4.2	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,465	2,395	70	3.8	7.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,695	1,615	80	2.6	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	1,090	1,030	60	1.7	3.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,310	650	655	2.0	2.1	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	755	290	470	1.2	0.9	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	550	360	185	0.8	1.1	0.5
Health and related fields	7,050	1,220	5,825	10.8	3.9	17.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	465	230	235	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,425	910	5,520	9.8	2.9	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,915	1,575	1,340	4.5	5.0	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,820	645	1,170	2.8	2.0	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	45	45	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	35	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	450	330	120	0.7	1.0	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	565	520	45	0.9	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,295	31,565	33,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	25,630	13,535	12,095	39.3	42.9	35.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	39,670	18,030	21,635	60.8	57.1	64.2
Location of study inside Canada	34,690	15,760	18,930	53.1	49.9	56.1
Same as province or territory of residence	26,225	11,640	14,585	40.2	36.9	43.2
Different than province or territory of residence	8,465	4,120	4,350	13.0	13.1	12.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,975	2,275	2,700	7.6	7.2	8.0
Americas	1,455	675	780	2.2	2.1	2.3
United States of America	1,110	535	580	1.7	1.7	1.7
Mexico	130	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,350	695	655	2.1	2.2	1.9
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	760	405	365	1.2	1.3	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	175	90	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigeria	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,760	685	1,075	2.7	2.2	3.2
Iran⁸⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	155	55	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Philippines	675	215	460	1.0	0.7	1.4
Viet Nam	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	445	240	200	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pakistan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	235	135	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australia	205	120	80	0.3	0.4	0.2
New Zealand	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	103,080	50,180	52,895	...	...	...
In the labour force	64,110	32,880	31,230	...	...	...
Employed	59,755	30,630	29,130	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,350	2,255	2,100	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,970	17,300	21,670	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.2	65.5	59.0	62.2	65.5	59.0
Employment rate	58.0	61.0	55.1	58.0	61.0	55.1
Unemployment rate	6.8	6.9	6.7	6.8	6.9	6.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	103,080	50,180	52,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,755	17,305	21,450	37.6	34.5	40.6
Worked	64,325	32,880	31,450	62.4	65.5	59.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	33,890	19,080	14,810	32.9	38.0	28.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,435	13,795	16,640	29.5	27.5	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.7	40.9	41.8	42.7	40.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	64,110	32,880	31,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	920	435	485	1.4	1.3	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	63,190	32,445	30,745	98.6	98.7	98.4
Employee	51,830	25,945	25,885	80.8	78.9	82.9
Permanent position	44,540	22,720	21,820	69.5	69.1	69.9
Temporary position	7,290	3,225	4,060	11.4	9.8	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,155	915	1,240	3.4	2.8	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,135	2,310	2,830	8.0	7.0	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,360	6,495	4,860	17.7	19.8	15.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	64,110	32,880	31,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	920	435	485	1.4	1.3	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	63,190	32,445	30,745	98.6	98.7	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	635	390	245	1.0	1.2	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,955	2,500	7,455	15.5	7.6	23.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,120	3,225	900	6.4	9.8	2.9
3 Health occupations	5,350	1,045	4,305	8.3	3.2	13.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,215	2,795	5,420	12.8	8.5	17.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,825	750	1,075	2.8	2.3	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	16,455	7,145	9,305	25.7	21.7	29.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,695	11,595	1,100	19.8	35.3	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,265	1,645	620	3.5	5.0	2.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,675	1,355	320	2.6	4.1	1.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	64,110	32,880	31,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	920	435	485	1.4	1.3	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	63,190	32,445	30,745	98.6	98.7	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,925	1,360	565	3.0	4.1	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	285	230	55	0.4	0.7	0.2
22 Utilities	235	195	40	0.4	0.6	0.1
23 Construction	6,995	5,985	1,010	10.9	18.2	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	3,345	2,650	695	5.2	8.1	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,185	830	355	1.8	2.5	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	8,005	3,870	4,135	12.5	11.8	13.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,215	1,695	520	3.5	5.2	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	805	475	330	1.3	1.4	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,760	580	1,175	2.7	1.8	3.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,070	610	460	1.7	1.9	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	4,235	2,235	1,995	6.6	6.8	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,920	1,650	1,275	4.6	5.0	4.1
61 Educational services	4,505	1,290	3,210	7.0	3.9	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	8,610	1,695	6,915	13.4	5.2	22.1
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,450	730	720	2.3	2.2	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	4,135	1,850	2,285	6.4	5.6	7.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,900	1,235	1,670	4.5	3.8	5.3
91 Public administration	6,525	3,245	3,275	10.2	9.9	10.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	69,320	35,315	34,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	67,740	34,670	33,070	97.7	98.2	97.3
French	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	605	255	350	0.9	0.7	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	740	315	425	1.1	0.9	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	69,320	35,315	34,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,155	35,270	33,885	99.8	99.9	99.7
Official languages	68,940	35,175	33,765	99.5	99.6	99.3
English	68,785	35,140	33,645	99.2	99.5	99.0
French	155	35	120	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	215	95	120	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	30	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	160	45	115	0.2	0.1	0.3
English and French	75	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	90	20	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	69,320	35,315	34,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	68,065	34,780	33,285	98.2	98.5	97.9
English	175	55	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	455	215	245	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	520	225	290	0.8	0.6	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	435	195	240	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and French	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	59,760	30,630	29,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	12,100	5,360	6,735	20.2	17.5	23.1
Worked outside Canada	125	80	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,055	7,375	2,680	16.8	24.1	9.2
Usual place of work	37,480	17,810	19,675	62.7	58.1	67.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,480	17,810	19,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	12,380	5,680	6,700	33.0	31.9	34.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	19,835	9,060	10,780	52.9	50.9	54.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	5,015	2,890	2,120	13.4	16.2	10.8
Commute to a different province or territory	255	185	70	0.7	1.0	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,535	25,185	22,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,680	22,235	19,445	87.7	88.3	87.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	38,880	20,990	17,895	81.8	83.3	80.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,800	1,245	1,555	5.9	4.9	7.0
Public transit	1,310	520	790	2.8	2.1	3.5
Walked	2,675	1,270	1,405	5.6	5.0	6.3
Bicycle	710	530	175	1.5	2.1	0.8
Other method	1,165	635	530	2.5	2.5	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,535	25,185	22,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,295	7,540	8,755	34.3	29.9	39.2
15 to 29 minutes	16,535	8,750	7,790	34.8	34.7	34.9
30 to 44 minutes	8,745	4,970	3,775	18.4	19.7	16.9
45 to 59 minutes	3,155	2,025	1,135	6.6	8.0	5.1
60 minutes and over	2,800	1,900	900	5.9	7.5	4.0
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,535	25,185	22,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,375	2,485	890	7.1	9.9	4.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,880	5,690	3,190	18.7	22.6	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,505	6,705	5,805	26.3	26.6	26.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,085	4,190	5,895	21.2	16.6	26.4
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,175	2,470	3,700	13.0	9.8	16.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,515	3,640	2,875	13.7	14.5	12.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	23,335	11,860	11,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,910	940	970	8.2	7.9	8.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,430	10,920	10,510	91.8	92.1	91.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,075	8,785	8,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,475	735	740	8.6	8.4	8.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	800	390	410	4.7	4.4	4.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	675	345	330	4.0	3.9	4.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,600	8,050	7,550	91.4	91.6	91.1

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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