Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Courtenay--AlberniMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	122,815	59,415	63,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,445	7,815	7,620	12.6	13.2	12.0
0 to 4 years	4,365	2,230	2,145	3.6	3.8	3.4
5 to 9 years	5,475	2,755	2,725	4.5	4.6	4.3
10 to 14 years	5,595	2,835	2,760	4.6	4.8	4.4
15 to 64 years	68,210	32,985	35,225	55.5	55.5	55.6
15 to 19 years	5,015	2,625	2,390	4.1	4.4	3.8
20 to 24 years	4,390	2,230	2,155	3.6	3.8	3.4
25 to 29 years	5,230	2,610	2,620	4.3	4.4	4.1
30 to 34 years	6,145	3,015	3,125	5.0	5.1	4.9
35 to 39 years	6,825	3,290	3,535	5.6	5.5	5.6
40 to 44 years	6,545	3,220	3,335	5.3	5.4	5.3
45 to 49 years	6,415	3,145	3,270	5.2	5.3	5.2
50 to 54 years	6,900	3,240	3,660	5.6	5.5	5.8
55 to 59 years	9,355	4,295	5,060	7.6	7.2	8.0
60 to 64 years	11,395	5,320	6,075	9.3	9.0	9.6
65 years and over	39,165	18,610	20,555	31.9	31.3	32.4
65 to 69 years	11,785	5,485	6,295	9.6	9.2	9.9
70 to 74 years	11,105	5,380	5,725	9.0	9.1	9.0
75 to 79 years	7,540	3,700	3,840	6.1	6.2	6.1
80 to 84 years	4,570	2,215	2,355	3.7	3.7	3.7
85 years and over	4,175	1,825	2,340	3.4	3.1	3.7
85 to 89 years	2,730	1,245	1,485	2.2	2.1	2.3
90 to 94 years	1,140	505	635	0.9	0.8	1.0
95 to 99 years	270	75	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	12.6	13.2	12.0	12.6	13.2	12.0
15 to 64 years	55.5	55.5	55.6	55.5	55.5	55.6
65 years and over	31.9	31.3	32.4	31.9	31.3	32.4
85 years and over	3.4	3.1	3.7	3.4	3.1	3.7
Average age of the population	49.2	48.5	49.8	49.2	48.5	49.8
Median age of the population	54.0	52.8	54.8	54.0	52.8	54.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	55,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	39,055	...	...	70.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,135	...	...	5.7	...	...
Row house	2,915	...	...	5.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,915	...	...	3.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	5,505	...	...	9.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	295	...	...	0.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	125	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,510	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	55,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	16,845	...	...	30.4	...	...
2 persons	24,290	...	...	43.8	...	...
3 persons	6,695	...	...	12.1	...	...
4 persons	4,970	...	...	9.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,660	...	...	4.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	120,260	58,215	62,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	107,375	51,600	55,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	65,465	32,680	32,785	61.0	63.3	58.8
Married	51,795	25,870	25,925	48.2	50.1	46.5
Living common-law	13,670	6,810	6,860	12.7	13.2	12.3
Living common law - Never married	8,785	4,415	4,370	8.2	8.6	7.8
Living common law - Separated	535	280	250	0.5	0.5	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	3,855	1,900	1,955	3.6	3.7	3.5
Living common law - Widowed	495	210	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	41,910	18,920	22,995	39.0	36.7	41.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,650	12,340	10,315	21.1	23.9	18.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,965	1,295	1,670	2.8	2.5	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	8,915	3,575	5,340	8.3	6.9	9.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	7,375	1,705	5,665	6.9	3.3	10.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	37,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,995	...	...	67.2	...	...
3 persons	6,075	...	...	16.3	...	...
4 persons	4,495	...	...	12.1	...	...
5 or more persons	1,650	...	...	4.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	37,215	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	31,980	...	...	85.9	...	...
Married couples	25,145	...	...	67.6	...	...
With children⁶	8,155	...	...	21.9	...	...
Without children	16,995	...	...	45.7	...	...
Common-law couples	6,835	...	...	18.4	...	...
With children⁶	2,230	...	...	6.0	...	...
Without children	4,600	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,230	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,940	...	...	10.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,290	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	120,260	58,215	62,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	95,045	46,950	48,090	79.0	80.6	77.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	63,960	31,895	32,065	53.2	54.8	51.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,235	1,295	3,935	4.4	2.2	6.3
Children⁶	25,855	13,765	12,090	21.5	23.6	19.5
In a two-parent family	18,170	9,565	8,610	15.1	16.4	13.9
In a one-parent family	7,685	4,205	3,480	6.4	7.2	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	25,215	11,260	13,955	21.0	19.3	22.5
Living alone	16,845	7,115	9,730	14.0	12.2	15.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,490	985	1,505	2.1	1.7	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	5,880	3,155	2,720	4.9	5.4	4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	55,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	32,975	...	...	59.5	...	...
Couple-family households	29,030	...	...	52.3	...	...
With children⁶	9,195	...	...	16.6	...	...
Without children	19,835	...	...	35.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,945	...	...	7.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,085	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	395	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,820	...	...	3.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,340	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	16,845	...	...	30.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	104,870	50,410	54,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,695	49,380	53,315	97.9	98.0	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	43,600	34,000	38,000	43,600	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	102,735	49,400	53,335	98.0	98.0	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	39,600	31,800	35,200	39,600	31,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,610	44,625	46,990	87.4	88.5	86.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,000	35,600	23,800	29,000	35,600	23,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,520	30,815	30,705	58.7	61.1	56.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	35,600	25,400	29,800	35,600	25,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,915	41,870	48,045	85.7	83.1	88.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,900	14,200	13,600	13,900	14,200	13,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,290	4,670	4,620	8.9	9.3	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,560	5,360	5,480	5,560	5,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,370	11,410	12,955	23.2	22.6	23.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	104,970	50,440	54,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,695	49,375	53,320	97.8	97.9	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,960	55,650	40,800	47,960	55,650	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	102,725	49,385	53,335	97.9	97.9	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	47,360	36,240	41,600	47,360	36,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,520	44,735	46,785	87.2	88.7	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,880	49,360	32,800	40,880	49,360	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,560	31,055	30,505	58.6	61.6	55.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,000	48,320	33,600	41,000	48,320	33,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	90,055	42,080	47,975	85.8	83.4	88.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,140	12,860	13,400	13,140	12,860	13,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	9,410	4,670	4,745	9.0	9.3	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	6,460	6,345	6,400	6,460	6,345
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,485	11,395	13,095	23.3	22.6	24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,100	8,810	9,360	9,100	8,810	9,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	104,970	50,440	54,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,975	12,780	10,200	21.9	25.3	18.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	64,500	52,400	58,000	64,500	52,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,800	74,300	57,450	66,800	74,300	57,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,540	13,270	15,265	27.2	26.3	28.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	22,200	16,800	19,000	22,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,320	35,360	24,040	29,320	35,360	24,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	80.4	70.4	76.0	80.4	70.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	51.3	54.6	47.1	51.3	54.6	47.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0	19.7	29.6	24.0	19.7	29.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	4.6	7.3	5.8	4.6	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.7	5.6	4.5	3.7	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	104,870	50,410	54,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,175	1,035	1,140	2.1	2.1	2.1
With total income	102,695	49,380	53,315	97.9	97.9	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	7,570	3,175	4,400	7.4	6.4	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	13,270	5,085	8,185	12.9	10.3	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	18,035	7,540	10,495	17.6	15.3	19.7
$30,000 to $39,999	15,095	6,675	8,420	14.7	13.5	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	12,470	5,765	6,705	12.1	11.7	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	9,645	4,780	4,865	9.4	9.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	7,085	3,910	3,175	6.9	7.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,290	3,120	2,175	5.2	6.3	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,765	2,335	1,430	3.7	4.7	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,705	1,665	1,040	2.6	3.4	2.0
$100,000 and over	7,765	5,330	2,435	7.6	10.8	4.6
$100,000 to $149,999	5,405	3,565	1,845	5.3	7.2	3.5
$150,000 and over	2,360	1,770	595	2.3	3.6	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	104,870	50,410	54,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,135	1,010	1,125	2.0	2.0	2.1
With after-tax income	102,735	49,400	53,335	98.0	98.0	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,155	3,320	4,830	7.9	6.7	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	13,840	5,325	8,505	13.5	10.8	16.0
$20,000 to $29,999	20,120	8,480	11,635	19.6	17.2	21.8
$30,000 to $39,999	17,110	7,710	9,400	16.7	15.6	17.6
$40,000 to $49,999	13,515	6,525	6,995	13.2	13.2	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	9,785	5,230	4,560	9.5	10.6	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,795	3,990	2,810	6.6	8.1	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	4,440	2,760	1,680	4.3	5.6	3.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,950	1,860	1,095	2.9	3.8	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	1,800	1,165	635	1.8	2.4	1.2
$100,000 and over	4,220	3,035	1,185	4.1	6.1	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,280	1,585	695	2.2	3.2	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,940	1,450	490	1.9	2.9	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	104,870	50,410	54,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	43,350	19,600	23,755	41.3	38.9	43.6
With employment income	61,520	30,815	30,705	58.7	61.1	56.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,255	5,400	5,855	18.3	17.5	19.1
$5,000 to $9,999	5,390	2,265	3,120	8.8	7.4	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	7,785	3,405	4,380	12.6	11.0	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	6,470	2,805	3,670	10.5	9.1	12.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,905	2,645	3,255	9.6	8.6	10.6
$40,000 to $49,999	5,160	2,415	2,735	8.4	7.8	8.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,425	2,180	2,250	7.2	7.1	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	3,585	2,105	1,485	5.8	6.8	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	2,850	1,765	1,080	4.6	5.7	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,230	1,360	870	3.6	4.4	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,705	1,020	685	2.8	3.3	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,765	3,455	1,310	7.7	11.2	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	2,375	1,590	790	3.9	5.1	2.6
$125,000 and over	2,385	1,865	520	3.9	6.1	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	104,870	50,410	54,455	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,740	48,305	52,435	96.1	95.8	96.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,200	31,000	36,000	43,200	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	100,940	48,340	52,600	96.3	95.9	96.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	38,800	28,400	32,800	38,800	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,385	44,385	47,000	87.1	88.0	86.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	38,000	25,200	30,600	38,000	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	67,245	33,700	33,545	64.1	66.9	61.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,600	34,000	24,400	28,600	34,000	24,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,715	34,345	42,370	73.2	68.1	77.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,700	13,000	10,800	11,700	13,000	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,520	3,865	3,655	7.2	7.7	6.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,400	5,480	5,440	5,400	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	104,970	50,440	54,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	100,810	48,385	52,420	96.0	95.9	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,240	54,700	38,400	46,240	54,700	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	101,000	48,410	52,590	96.2	96.0	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,520	46,040	33,520	39,520	46,040	33,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,335	44,420	46,910	87.0	88.1	86.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,960	51,000	33,360	41,960	51,000	33,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	67,230	33,870	33,360	64.0	67.1	61.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320	46,600	31,960	39,320	46,600	31,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	76,590	34,400	42,190	73.0	68.2	77.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,830	11,100	10,620	10,830	11,100	10,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,415	3,765	3,655	7.1	7.5	6.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,720	6,490	6,950	6,720	6,490	6,950
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	104,970	50,440	54,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	22,845	12,725	10,125	21.8	25.2	18.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	61,200	48,400	54,400	61,200	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	71,000	53,000	63,000	71,000	53,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	27,305	12,565	14,740	26.0	24.9	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,600	21,800	24,800	29,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,120	42,960	28,400	35,120	42,960	28,400
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.2	85.6	77.8	82.2	85.6	77.8
Employment income (%)	56.7	59.6	53.0	56.7	59.6	53.0
Government transfers (%)	17.8	14.4	22.2	17.8	14.4	22.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.3	1.1	0.9	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	55,460	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	16,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	38,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	55,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,700	...	...	88,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	16,840	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,200	...	...	47,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,280	...	...	41,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	38,655	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...	106,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	55,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	480	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	260	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	485	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,300	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,830	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,135	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,125	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,595	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,585	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,470	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,720	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,520	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,120	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,775	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,215	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,835	...	...	32.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,340	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,160	...	...	7.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,305	...	...	7.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,030	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	55,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	575	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	275	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	500	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,360	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,945	...	...	5.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,390	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,525	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,835	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,855	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,765	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,425	...	...	9.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,135	...	...	9.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,555	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,055	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,435	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,820	...	...	24.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,910	...	...	10.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,465	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,445	...	...	8.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	36,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	20,390	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	121,000	...	...	121,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	22,725	10,270	12,450	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,800	34,800	35,600	36,800	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	34,000	32,800	33,200	34,000	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	36,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	20,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,585	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,600	...	...	115,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,810	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,900	...	...	72,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,100	...	...	66,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	22,700	10,140	12,560	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,400	47,200	42,120	44,400	47,200	42,120
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,000	40,760	37,560	39,000	40,760	37,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	120,260	58,215	62,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,510	9,415	9,095	15.4	16.2	14.7
0 to 5 years	5,425	2,765	2,665	4.5	4.7	4.3
18 to 64 years	64,105	30,795	33,320	53.3	52.9	53.7
65 years and over	37,645	18,010	19,640	31.3	30.9	31.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,455	6,570	7,880	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,660	1,365	1,295	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	790	425	370	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,080	3,340	3,735	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,715	1,870	2,845	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.0	11.3	12.7	12.0	11.3	12.7
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.5	14.3	14.4	14.5	14.3
0 to 5 years (%)	14.6	15.3	14.0	14.6	15.3	14.0
18 to 64 years (%)	11.0	10.9	11.2	11.0	10.9	11.2
65 years and over (%)	12.5	10.4	14.5	12.5	10.4	14.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	117,685	56,930	60,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,725	8,995	8,725	15.1	15.8	14.4
0 to 5 years	5,185	2,630	2,555	4.4	4.6	4.2
18 to 64 years	62,610	30,055	32,550	53.2	52.8	53.6
65 years and over	37,350	17,875	19,475	31.7	31.4	32.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,710	1,880	1,835	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	660	350	310	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	170	95	70	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,550	1,305	1,245	...	...	...
65 years and over	500	220	275	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.3	3.0	3.2	3.3	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.7	3.9	3.6	3.7	3.9	3.6
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.7	2.8	3.2	3.7	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.4	3.8	4.1	4.4	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	120,260	58,215	62,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	66,350	31,300	35,045	55.2	53.8	56.5
In bottom decile	13,310	6,225	7,085	11.1	10.7	11.4
In second decile	13,775	6,290	7,485	11.5	10.8	12.1
In third decile	13,245	6,205	7,035	11.0	10.7	11.3
In fourth decile	13,110	6,320	6,790	10.9	10.9	10.9
In fifth decile	12,915	6,260	6,650	10.7	10.8	10.7
In top half of the distribution	53,910	26,915	27,000	44.8	46.2	43.5
In sixth decile	12,510	6,105	6,410	10.4	10.5	10.3
In seventh decile	11,780	5,810	5,965	9.8	10.0	9.6
In eighth decile	10,870	5,450	5,415	9.0	9.4	8.7
In ninth decile	10,155	5,150	5,005	8.4	8.8	8.1
In top decile	8,600	4,395	4,205	7.2	7.5	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	120,260	...	...	120,260	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.455	...	...	0.455	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	121,895	59,075	62,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	113,260	55,290	57,970	92.9	93.6	92.3
French only	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	8,250	3,615	4,635	6.8	6.1	7.4
Neither English nor French	365	160	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	121,895	59,075	62,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	119,685	58,065	61,625	98.2	98.3	98.1
French	1,775	820	955	1.5	1.4	1.5
English and French	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	325	135	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	121,895	59,075	62,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,185	58,305	61,885	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	111,310	54,270	57,045	91.3	91.9	90.8
English	109,355	53,375	55,980	89.7	90.4	89.1
French	1,955	895	1,060	1.6	1.5	1.7
Non-official languages	8,870	4,035	4,840	7.3	6.8	7.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	190	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	185	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,640	3,935	4,710	7.1	6.7	7.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	290	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	285	145	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	575	200	375	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	450	155	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,670	2,630	3,040	4.7	4.5	4.8
Albanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	965	405	560	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	935	395	540	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	220	90	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	180	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	165	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	175	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,990	1,375	1,615	2.5	2.3	2.6
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,645	730	915	1.3	1.2	1.5
German	1,580	700	885	1.3	1.2	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	955	465	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
Afrikaans	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	810	395	415	0.7	0.7	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	380	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	710	355	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	630	320	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	470	235	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	930	440	495	0.8	0.7	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	355	200	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	420	170	250	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	190	55	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	325	155	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	955	415	545	0.8	0.7	0.9
Chinese languages	940	405	540	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	615	270	345	0.5	0.5	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	5	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	290	150	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	165	90	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,715	770	945	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	470	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,070	480	585	0.9	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	121,895	59,075	62,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	113,565	55,365	58,200	93.2	93.7	92.6
French	285	125	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	1,395	670	720	1.1	1.1	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,375	670	710	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	1,155	495	660	0.9	0.8	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	5,180	2,255	2,930	4.2	3.8	4.7
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	220	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	121,895	59,075	62,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	120,985	58,665	62,320	99.3	99.3	99.2
Official languages	118,350	57,425	60,925	97.1	97.2	97.0
English	117,935	57,240	60,700	96.8	96.9	96.6
French	410	180	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	2,635	1,240	1,395	2.2	2.1	2.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,610	1,230	1,375	2.1	2.1	2.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	200	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,065	485	575	0.9	0.8	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	180	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	180	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	260	120	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	60	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	380	185	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	230	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	250	120	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	605	290	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	595	285	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	430	210	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	915	405	505	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	160	70	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	725	330	395	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	121,895	59,075	62,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	116,010	56,510	59,495	95.2	95.7	94.7
English	1,165	525	635	1.0	0.9	1.0
French	915	390	520	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	3,230	1,375	1,850	2.6	2.3	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	265	115	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	2,965	1,255	1,710	2.4	2.1	2.7
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	305	135	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	120,315	58,260	62,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	119,995	58,130	61,870	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	119,970	58,115	61,860	99.7	99.8	99.7
French	8,125	3,500	4,620	6.8	6.0	7.4
Non-official languages	13,990	6,280	7,710	11.6	10.8	12.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	715	310	410	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	570	250	320	0.5	0.4	0.5
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	525	230	295	0.4	0.4	0.5
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	13,315	5,985	7,335	11.1	10.3	11.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	395	235	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	390	235	155	0.3	0.4	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	785	275	510	0.7	0.5	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	670	225	440	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,470	4,325	5,145	7.9	7.4	8.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,220	565	655	1.0	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,195	560	635	1.0	1.0	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	310	130	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	295	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	275	135	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	165	70	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	210	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,040	1,830	2,205	3.4	3.1	3.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,595	1,170	1,425	2.2	2.0	2.3
German	2,545	1,130	1,415	2.1	1.9	2.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,175	575	600	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	305	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	855	410	445	0.7	0.7	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	405	175	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Danish	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	1,080	530	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	955	470	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	485	240	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	665	315	350	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,305	1,475	1,830	2.7	2.5	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	605	270	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	265	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,545	1,140	1,400	2.1	2.0	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	345	130	215	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	435	185	250	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	180	55	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	160	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,250	540	710	1.0	0.9	1.1
Chinese languages	1,245	540	705	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hakka	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	840	350	485	0.7	0.6	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	485	220	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	195	85	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,315	58,260	62,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,555	5,410	6,150	9.6	9.3	9.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,270	5,290	5,980	9.4	9.1	9.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	7,620	3,575	4,045	6.3	6.1	6.5
Métis	3,570	1,680	1,890	3.0	2.9	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	175	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	108,760	52,850	55,905	90.4	90.7	90.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	120,315	58,260	62,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	5,995	2,810	3,180	5.0	4.8	5.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	114,325	55,445	58,875	95.0	95.2	94.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	42,295	...	...	76.2	...	...
Renter	12,885	...	...	23.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	320	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,710	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not condominium	49,785	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	330	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	5,545	...	...	10.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	17,020	...	...	30.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	21,340	...	...	38.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,255	...	...	20.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,960	...	...	25.2	...	...
5 rooms	10,450	...	...	18.8	...	...
6 rooms	9,545	...	...	17.2	...	...
7 rooms	7,015	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,525	...	...	26.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	54,910	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	585	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	53,735	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,760	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,735	...	...	13.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,540	...	...	26.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	7,975	...	...	14.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,695	...	...	19.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,520	...	...	6.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,160	...	...	7.5	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,740	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,130	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	52,005	...	...	93.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,495	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	27,025	...	...	48.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	26,315	...	...	47.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,150	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	900	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,580	...	...	8.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,815	...	...	12.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,295	...	...	13.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	11,910	...	...	21.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,565	...	...	24.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,730	...	...	13.9	...	...
85 years and over	2,710	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	54,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	43,200	...	...	79.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,135	...	...	20.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,050	...	...	18.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	55,495	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,115	...	...	27.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,055	...	...	18.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,345	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,465	...	...	4.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	220	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	830	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	160	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	40,380	...	...	72.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	53,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,210	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	48,045	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	41,645	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	49.1	...	...	49.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.4	...	...	14.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	820	...	...	820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,173	...	...	1,173	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	686,000	...	...	686,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,795	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.4	...	...	40.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.6	...	...	24.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,110	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,213	...	...	1,213	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	315	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	508	...	...	508	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	496	...	...	496	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	120,315	58,260	62,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,575	2,640	2,935	4.6	4.5	4.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	5,550	2,625	2,925	4.6	4.5	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,800	2,280	2,510	4.0	3.9	4.0
Métis single ancestry	715	320	390	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,550	3,070	3,475	5.4	5.3	5.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,355	2,970	3,380	5.3	5.1	5.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,300	1,995	2,300	3.6	3.4	3.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,015	960	1,050	1.7	1.6	1.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	180	90	90	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	108,190	52,550	55,645	89.9	90.2	89.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	120,315	58,260	62,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	116,095	56,395	59,700	96.5	96.8	96.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	18,140	9,315	8,835	15.1	16.0	14.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	97,955	47,085	50,870	81.4	80.8	82.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,220	1,865	2,355	3.5	3.2	3.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	120,315	58,260	62,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	102,535	50,050	52,490	85.2	85.9	84.6
Immigrants⁸¹	16,920	7,860	9,060	14.1	13.5	14.6
Before 1980	9,300	4,440	4,855	7.7	7.6	7.8
1980 to 1990	1,980	875	1,110	1.6	1.5	1.8
1991 to 2000	1,420	605	815	1.2	1.0	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,995	875	1,125	1.7	1.5	1.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,225	1,070	1,155	1.8	1.8	1.9
2011 to 2015	945	445	495	0.8	0.8	0.8
2016 to 2021	1,280	615	660	1.1	1.1	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	855	355	505	0.7	0.6	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,920	7,860	9,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,100	1,025	1,075	12.4	13.0	11.9
5 to 14 years	3,040	1,545	1,495	18.0	19.7	16.5
15 to 24 years	3,770	1,635	2,140	22.3	20.8	23.6
25 to 44 years	6,815	3,115	3,695	40.3	39.6	40.8
45 years and over	1,195	540	655	7.1	6.9	7.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,920	7,860	9,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,490	1,050	1,435	14.7	13.4	15.8
Brazil	35	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
El Salvador	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyana	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	80	25	55	0.5	0.3	0.6
Mexico	160	40	125	0.9	0.5	1.4
Peru	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	40	20	25	0.2	0.3	0.3
United States of America	1,805	790	1,015	10.7	10.1	11.2
Other places of birth in Americas	225	95	130	1.3	1.2	1.4
Europe	10,280	5,000	5,280	60.8	63.6	58.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Croatia	85	30	55	0.5	0.4	0.6
France	195	95	100	1.2	1.2	1.1
Germany	1,335	610	730	7.9	7.8	8.1
Greece	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	75	50	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
Italy	245	150	95	1.4	1.9	1.0
Netherlands	700	350	345	4.1	4.5	3.8
Poland	205	80	120	1.2	1.0	1.3
Portugal	95	45	55	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romania	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	80	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	50	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	80	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	5,810	2,850	2,960	34.3	36.3	32.7
Other places of birth in Europe	1,195	580	615	7.1	7.4	6.8
Africa	635	325	310	3.8	4.1	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Egypt	25	25	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	330	155	180	2.0	2.0	2.0
Other places of birth in Africa	215	120	90	1.3	1.5	1.0
Asia	3,030	1,255	1,775	17.9	16.0	19.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	70	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkey	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	605	255	350	3.6	3.2	3.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	100	35	65	0.6	0.4	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	300	130	170	1.8	1.7	1.9
Taiwan	85	25	60	0.5	0.3	0.7
Philippines	560	170	395	3.3	2.2	4.4
Viet Nam	330	170	160	2.0	2.2	1.8
Bangladesh	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
India	495	265	235	2.9	3.4	2.6
Pakistan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	380	115	265	2.2	1.5	2.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	480	225	260	2.8	2.9	2.9
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,280	615	665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	185	90	95	14.5	14.6	14.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
United States of America	140	60	75	10.9	9.8	11.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	1.2	1.6	1.5
Europe	280	135	145	21.9	22.0	21.8
France	40	15	25	3.1	2.4	3.8
Germany	30	15	15	2.3	2.4	2.3
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	145	85	60	11.3	13.8	9.0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	15	30	3.5	2.4	4.5
Africa	70	40	35	5.5	6.5	5.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	15	10	1.6	2.4	1.5
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	0	1.6	2.4	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	1.6	1.6	1.5
Asia	675	330	350	52.7	53.7	52.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	160	65	85	12.5	10.6	12.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	85	35	9.0	13.8	5.3
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	50	35	6.3	8.1	5.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	200	80	115	15.6	13.0	17.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	2.0	1.6	2.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	35	25	10	2.7	4.1	1.5
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	25	2.0	0.0	3.8
Oceania and other⁹³	65	30	35	5.1	4.9	5.3
Australia	50	20	20	3.9	3.3	3.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	10	1.6	1.6	1.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	120,315	58,260	62,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,980	8,745	10,230	15.8	15.0	16.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	23,160	11,340	11,820	19.2	19.5	19.0
Third generation or more¹⁰²	78,180	38,175	40,005	65.0	65.5	64.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,620	3,420	4,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	4,090	1,990	2,105	53.7	58.2	50.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,820	1,070	750	23.9	31.3	17.8
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,270	920	1,350	29.8	26.9	32.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,920	1,140	1,780	38.3	33.3	42.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	530	250	280	7.0	7.3	6.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	85	40	40	1.1	1.2	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,620	3,420	4,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	125	50	70	1.6	1.5	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,600	735	865	21.0	21.5	20.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	260	105	150	3.4	3.1	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	415	170	240	5.4	5.0	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	20	60	1.0	0.6	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	5,150	2,330	2,820	67.6	68.1	67.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	120,315	58,260	62,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	7,110	3,220	3,890	5.9	5.5	6.3
South Asian	1,450	720	730	1.2	1.2	1.2
Chinese	1,565	700	860	1.3	1.2	1.4
Black	560	295	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Filipino	990	385	605	0.8	0.7	1.0
Arab	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	470	180	295	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	575	285	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	480	210	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	400	120	280	0.3	0.2	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	280	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	113,200	55,035	58,165	94.1	94.5	93.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	120,315	58,260	62,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,060	7,075	6,985	11.7	12.1	11.3
English	39,295	18,950	20,350	32.7	32.5	32.8
Irish	22,210	10,230	11,985	18.5	17.6	19.3
Scottish	28,300	13,345	14,955	23.5	22.9	24.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	11,450	5,235	6,215	9.5	9.0	10.0
German	16,715	7,735	8,980	13.9	13.3	14.5
Chinese	1,765	770	995	1.5	1.3	1.6
Italian	3,875	1,900	1,970	3.2	3.3	3.2
Indian (India)	1,020	505	515	0.8	0.9	0.8
Ukrainian	6,220	2,940	3,280	5.2	5.0	5.3
Dutch	6,280	3,010	3,265	5.2	5.2	5.3
Polish	3,760	1,670	2,090	3.1	2.9	3.4
Québécois	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,045	3,365	3,680	5.9	5.8	5.9
Filipino	970	385	585	0.8	0.7	0.9
French Canadian	1,435	600	835	1.2	1.0	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,030	990	1,040	1.7	1.7	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	4,785	2,235	2,550	4.0	3.8	4.1
Métis	2,935	1,385	1,550	2.4	2.4	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,215	1,570	1,640	2.7	2.7	2.6
Russian	2,805	1,320	1,480	2.3	2.3	2.4
Norwegian	4,785	2,205	2,580	4.0	3.8	4.2
Welsh	4,310	1,960	2,345	3.6	3.4	3.8
Portuguese	540	255	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
American	2,350	1,160	1,190	2.0	2.0	1.9
Spanish	945	410	535	0.8	0.7	0.9
Swedish	3,360	1,575	1,785	2.8	2.7	2.9
Hungarian	1,555	800	760	1.3	1.4	1.2
Acadian	290	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pakistani	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	790	365	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Punjabi	230	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vietnamese	475	250	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	365	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	170	70	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	240	90	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	765	355	415	0.6	0.6	0.7
Korean	415	195	220	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	670	335	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Lebanese	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	115	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	285	130	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	1,970	950	1,020	1.6	1.6	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,020	475	540	0.8	0.8	0.9
Sikh	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,510	680	830	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belgian	680	340	340	0.6	0.6	0.5
Haitian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	425	195	235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	285	155	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Swiss	675	335	335	0.6	0.6	0.5
Finnish	1,195	575	620	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sri Lankan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	510	260	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	460	145	315	0.4	0.2	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	105	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,035	525	515	0.9	0.9	0.8
Muslim	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,010	520	490	0.8	0.9	0.8
Colombian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	590	285	305	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	70	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ontarian	165	110	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	205	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	280	140	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	55	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	175	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	255	140	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	545	295	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Palestinian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	95	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	185	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	280	120	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	40	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	100	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	130	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	145	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	250	150	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
British Columbian	820	415	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	145	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	245	145	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	10	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	55	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	50	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	95	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	120,315	58,260	62,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	540	215	325	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	40,280	17,495	22,785	33.5	30.0	36.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,645	3,530	4,115	6.4	6.1	6.6
Anabaptist	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	6,010	2,440	3,575	5.0	4.2	5.8
Baptist	1,750	765	980	1.5	1.3	1.6
Catholic	11,145	4,825	6,325	9.3	8.3	10.2
Christian Orthodox	420	220	205	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	1,095	510	585	0.9	0.9	0.9
Latter Day Saints	270	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,640	645	995	1.4	1.1	1.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	225	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	835	365	465	0.7	0.6	0.7
Presbyterian	885	415	465	0.7	0.7	0.7
Reformed	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	5,695	2,365	3,325	4.7	4.1	5.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,260	990	1,265	1.9	1.7	2.0
Hindu	315	175	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jewish	390	180	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	550	250	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	830	400	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,755	660	1,095	1.5	1.1	1.8
No religion and secular perspectives	75,335	38,715	36,615	62.6	66.5	59.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	119,565	57,860	61,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	103,835	50,360	53,475	86.8	87.0	86.7
Movers	15,730	7,500	8,225	13.2	13.0	13.3
Non-migrants	6,395	3,055	3,335	5.3	5.3	5.4
Migrants	9,330	4,440	4,890	7.8	7.7	7.9
Internal migrants	8,810	4,240	4,570	7.4	7.3	7.4
Intraprovincial migrants	6,785	3,190	3,595	5.7	5.5	5.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,025	1,050	980	1.7	1.8	1.6
External migrants	520	200	320	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	115,995	56,025	59,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	65,325	31,570	33,755	56.3	56.3	56.3
Movers	50,670	24,455	26,215	43.7	43.7	43.7
Non-migrants	12,610	5,970	6,640	10.9	10.7	11.1
Migrants	38,060	18,485	19,580	32.8	33.0	32.7
Internal migrants	36,000	17,530	18,465	31.0	31.3	30.8
Intraprovincial migrants	29,440	14,265	15,175	25.4	25.5	25.3
Interprovincial migrants	6,555	3,275	3,290	5.7	5.8	5.5
External migrants	2,065	950	1,115	1.8	1.7	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,970	50,445	54,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,275	10,615	8,655	18.4	21.0	15.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	85,695	39,825	45,870	81.6	78.9	84.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,005	27,650	30,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,190	4,900	3,290	14.1	17.7	10.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	49,815	22,750	27,065	85.9	82.3	89.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	104,970	50,445	54,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	15,825	8,455	7,365	15.1	16.8	13.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	32,300	15,165	17,125	30.8	30.1	31.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	56,850	26,820	30,030	54.2	53.2	55.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	36,505	17,980	18,525	34.8	35.6	34.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,370	8,485	2,880	10.8	16.8	5.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,585	2,555	2,025	4.4	5.1	3.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,780	5,930	850	6.5	11.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	21,370	8,195	13,175	20.4	16.2	24.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,770	1,295	2,475	3.6	2.6	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,340	8,840	11,500	19.4	17.5	21.1
Bachelor's degree	12,825	5,500	7,325	12.2	10.9	13.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,445	500	945	1.4	1.0	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	655	425	225	0.6	0.8	0.4
Master's degree	4,680	1,980	2,700	4.5	3.9	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	735	435	305	0.7	0.9	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,000	27,650	30,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,450	3,850	2,600	11.1	13.9	8.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	16,970	8,420	8,555	29.3	30.5	28.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	34,580	15,380	19,195	59.6	55.6	63.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	22,165	10,630	11,535	38.2	38.4	38.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,800	4,965	1,835	11.7	18.0	6.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,785	1,485	1,300	4.8	5.4	4.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,015	3,485	535	6.9	12.6	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	13,125	4,905	8,215	22.6	17.7	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,240	760	1,480	3.9	2.7	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,410	4,750	7,665	21.4	17.2	25.3
Bachelor's degree	8,160	3,130	5,030	14.1	11.3	16.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	845	265	580	1.5	1.0	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	410	225	185	0.7	0.8	0.6
Master's degree	2,700	990	1,705	4.7	3.6	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	295	135	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	104,970	50,440	54,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	48,125	23,625	24,500	45.8	46.8	44.9
Education	4,685	1,165	3,520	4.5	2.3	6.5
13. Education	4,685	1,165	3,520	4.5	2.3	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,055	785	1,265	2.0	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	220	170	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,835	615	1,225	1.7	1.2	2.2
Humanities	2,315	875	1,440	2.2	1.7	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	35	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	675	215	465	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	675	235	440	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	200	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
54. History	360	185	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,440	1,885	3,560	5.2	3.7	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	515	220	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,100	60	1,040	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	735	220	510	0.7	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	125	35	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,060	315	750	1.0	0.6	1.4
45. Social sciences	1,810	1,010	805	1.7	2.0	1.5
Business, management and public administration	9,825	3,390	6,435	9.4	6.7	11.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,020	195	830	1.0	0.4	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,785	3,185	5,595	8.4	6.3	10.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,160	1,160	995	2.1	2.3	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,075	545	525	1.0	1.1	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	355	150	200	0.3	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	580	415	165	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	40	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,285	760	520	1.2	1.5	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	930	600	330	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	135	15	120	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	195	130	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,180	11,495	680	11.6	22.8	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	280	205	80	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	1,445	1,280	170	1.4	2.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,365	2,140	225	2.3	4.2	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,635	3,540	90	3.5	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,895	2,830	70	2.8	5.6	0.1
48. Precision production	1,550	1,505	45	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,315	1,375	940	2.2	2.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,170	530	645	1.1	1.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,145	840	300	1.1	1.7	0.6
Health and related fields	10,345	1,730	8,620	9.9	3.4	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	580	235	345	0.6	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,555	1,350	8,200	9.1	2.7	15.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	195	135	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,230	2,200	2,035	4.0	4.4	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,705	850	1,860	2.6	1.7	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	400	300	95	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,070	1,010	55	1.0	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,005	27,650	30,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	23,425	12,270	11,155	40.4	44.4	36.7
Education	2,215	520	1,700	3.8	1.9	5.6
13. Education	2,215	520	1,700	3.8	1.9	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,315	460	860	2.3	1.7	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	105	80	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,210	380	835	2.1	1.4	2.8
Humanities	1,250	425	815	2.2	1.5	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	370	100	265	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	115	235	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	200	85	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,585	1,135	2,450	6.2	4.1	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	410	165	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	750	60	695	1.3	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	465	100	365	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	650	150	500	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	1,170	620	545	2.0	2.2	1.8
Business, management and public administration	6,115	1,885	4,225	10.5	6.8	13.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	670	110	560	1.2	0.4	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,430	1,775	3,655	9.4	6.4	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,285	555	735	2.2	2.0	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	650	265	385	1.1	1.0	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	95	140	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	295	170	125	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	15	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	850	545	310	1.5	2.0	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	725	485	235	1.2	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,980	6,420	560	12.0	23.2	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	770	615	155	1.3	2.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,260	1,085	175	2.2	3.9	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,310	2,225	85	4.0	8.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,645	1,590	55	2.8	5.8	0.2
48. Precision production	870	845	25	1.5	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,570	835	735	2.7	3.0	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	800	315	480	1.4	1.1	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	770	515	255	1.3	1.9	0.8
Health and related fields	6,570	1,170	5,400	11.3	4.2	17.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	415	170	245	0.7	0.6	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,030	935	5,095	10.4	3.4	16.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,835	1,430	1,405	4.9	5.2	4.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,890	620	1,275	3.3	2.2	4.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	260	195	70	0.4	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	640	600	40	1.1	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,005	27,650	30,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,425	12,270	11,155	40.4	44.4	36.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	34,575	15,380	19,195	59.6	55.6	63.2
Location of study inside Canada	30,900	13,730	17,170	53.3	49.7	56.6
Same as province or territory of residence	22,725	10,010	12,720	39.2	36.2	41.9
Different than province or territory of residence	8,170	3,725	4,450	14.1	13.5	14.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,680	1,650	2,030	6.3	6.0	6.7
Americas	960	435	530	1.7	1.6	1.7
United States of America	830	395	435	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mexico	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,220	600	615	2.1	2.2	2.0
Belgium	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	180	75	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	650	345	305	1.1	1.2	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	85	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Africa	155	80	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,095	390	705	1.9	1.4	2.3
Iran⁸⁸	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	255	100	155	0.4	0.4	0.5
Taiwan	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	60	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	230	45	185	0.4	0.2	0.6
Viet Nam	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	240	110	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	250	140	105	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australia	190	105	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
New Zealand	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	104,970	50,440	54,525	...	...	...
In the labour force	54,290	27,455	26,830	...	...	...
Employed	49,510	24,845	24,670	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,775	2,610	2,165	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	50,680	22,985	27,690	...	...	...
Participation rate	51.7	54.4	49.2	51.7	54.4	49.2
Employment rate	47.2	49.3	45.2	47.2	49.3	45.2
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.5	8.1	8.8	9.5	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	104,970	50,440	54,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	49,920	22,445	27,480	47.6	44.5	50.4
Worked	55,050	28,000	27,050	52.4	55.5	49.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,070	13,470	10,605	22.9	26.7	19.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,980	14,530	16,450	29.5	28.8	30.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	39.9	39.2	39.6	39.9	39.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	54,290	27,460	26,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	490	560	1.9	1.8	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	53,245	26,970	26,270	98.1	98.2	97.9
Employee	40,975	19,930	21,045	75.5	72.6	78.4
Permanent position	33,710	16,560	17,150	62.1	60.3	63.9
Temporary position	7,270	3,370	3,895	13.4	12.3	14.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,870	815	1,055	3.4	3.0	3.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,405	2,565	2,845	10.0	9.3	10.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,265	7,035	5,230	22.6	25.6	19.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	54,290	27,460	26,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	490	560	1.9	1.8	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	53,245	26,970	26,270	98.1	98.2	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	575	380	200	1.1	1.4	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	6,915	1,690	5,215	12.7	6.2	19.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,905	2,185	720	5.4	8.0	2.7
3 Health occupations	5,010	945	4,065	9.2	3.4	15.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,920	1,865	4,055	10.9	6.8	15.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,910	820	1,090	3.5	3.0	4.1
6 Sales and service occupations	14,895	5,960	8,935	27.4	21.7	33.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,950	9,970	980	20.2	36.3	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,485	1,785	695	4.6	6.5	2.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,680	1,370	305	3.1	5.0	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	54,290	27,460	26,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,045	490	560	1.9	1.8	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	53,245	26,970	26,270	98.1	98.2	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,440	1,735	705	4.5	6.3	2.6
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	390	340	50	0.7	1.2	0.2
22 Utilities	260	230	25	0.5	0.8	0.1
23 Construction	6,000	5,235	765	11.1	19.1	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,410	1,845	565	4.4	6.7	2.1
41 Wholesale trade	890	605	290	1.6	2.2	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,940	3,130	3,810	12.8	11.4	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,020	1,490	525	3.7	5.4	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	775	390	385	1.4	1.4	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	1,120	340	785	2.1	1.2	2.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	980	450	530	1.8	1.6	2.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,620	1,915	1,705	6.7	7.0	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,515	1,465	1,050	4.6	5.3	3.9
61 Educational services	3,145	925	2,215	5.8	3.4	8.3
62 Health care and social assistance	8,035	1,500	6,535	14.8	5.5	24.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,410	705	705	2.6	2.6	2.6
72 Accommodation and food services	4,410	1,875	2,535	8.1	6.8	9.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,645	1,105	1,545	4.9	4.0	5.8
91 Public administration	3,170	1,660	1,510	5.8	6.0	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	59,715	30,130	29,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	58,520	29,610	28,910	98.0	98.3	97.7
French	100	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	485	240	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	465	190	275	0.8	0.6	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	59,715	30,130	29,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	59,640	30,090	29,545	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	59,435	29,985	29,450	99.5	99.5	99.5
English	59,240	29,930	29,310	99.2	99.3	99.1
French	190	50	140	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	200	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	190	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	59,715	30,130	29,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	58,800	29,730	29,065	98.5	98.7	98.2
English	180	75	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	375	190	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	310	120	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	115	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-Indigenous	195	90	105	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	49,510	24,845	24,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,910	4,015	4,895	18.0	16.2	19.8
Worked outside Canada	70	60	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	9,200	6,785	2,410	18.6	27.3	9.8
Usual place of work	31,335	13,980	17,355	63.3	56.3	70.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,335	13,980	17,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	15,310	6,350	8,955	48.9	45.4	51.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,480	5,510	6,965	39.8	39.4	40.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,185	1,830	1,355	10.2	13.1	7.8
Commute to a different province or territory	360	285	75	1.1	2.0	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,530	20,770	19,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,955	17,995	16,955	86.2	86.6	85.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,450	16,780	15,675	80.1	80.8	79.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,500	1,215	1,285	6.2	5.8	6.5
Public transit	605	315	285	1.5	1.5	1.4
Walked	2,860	1,205	1,655	7.1	5.8	8.4
Bicycle	820	485	340	2.0	2.3	1.7
Other method	1,295	765	525	3.2	3.7	2.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,530	20,770	19,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	20,105	9,110	11,000	49.6	43.9	55.7
15 to 29 minutes	12,005	6,085	5,930	29.6	29.3	30.0
30 to 44 minutes	4,430	2,650	1,780	10.9	12.8	9.0
45 to 59 minutes	1,635	1,050	585	4.0	5.1	3.0
60 minutes and over	2,355	1,880	475	5.8	9.1	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,530	20,770	19,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,225	1,595	635	5.5	7.7	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,675	3,505	2,175	14.0	16.9	11.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,200	5,770	4,435	25.2	27.8	22.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,470	4,405	6,065	25.8	21.2	30.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,475	2,535	3,940	16.0	12.2	19.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,480	2,965	2,520	13.5	14.3	12.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,870	9,590	9,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,175	575	605	6.2	6.0	6.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,685	9,015	8,670	93.7	94.0	93.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,145	7,180	6,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	880	435	450	6.2	6.1	6.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	385	185	200	2.7	2.6	2.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	250	245	3.5	3.5	3.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	13,260	6,750	6,515	93.7	94.0	93.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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