Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Coquitlam--Port CoquitlamMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	114,565	55,920	58,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,475	9,465	9,015	16.1	16.9	15.4
0 to 4 years	5,575	2,805	2,770	4.9	5.0	4.7
5 to 9 years	6,330	3,290	3,040	5.5	5.9	5.2
10 to 14 years	6,575	3,375	3,200	5.7	6.0	5.5
15 to 64 years	78,580	38,425	40,160	68.6	68.7	68.5
15 to 19 years	6,495	3,390	3,105	5.7	6.1	5.3
20 to 24 years	6,520	3,375	3,145	5.7	6.0	5.4
25 to 29 years	6,965	3,615	3,350	6.1	6.5	5.7
30 to 34 years	7,975	3,980	3,990	7.0	7.1	6.8
35 to 39 years	8,915	4,270	4,635	7.8	7.6	7.9
40 to 44 years	8,575	4,020	4,560	7.5	7.2	7.8
45 to 49 years	8,235	3,830	4,410	7.2	6.8	7.5
50 to 54 years	8,665	4,145	4,525	7.6	7.4	7.7
55 to 59 years	8,590	4,125	4,460	7.5	7.4	7.6
60 to 64 years	7,645	3,665	3,980	6.7	6.6	6.8
65 years and over	17,500	8,035	9,465	15.3	14.4	16.1
65 to 69 years	6,175	2,950	3,230	5.4	5.3	5.5
70 to 74 years	4,580	2,175	2,405	4.0	3.9	4.1
75 to 79 years	2,950	1,330	1,625	2.6	2.4	2.8
80 to 84 years	1,945	840	1,105	1.7	1.5	1.9
85 years and over	1,855	750	1,105	1.6	1.3	1.9
85 to 89 years	1,205	530	680	1.1	0.9	1.2
90 to 94 years	515	180	335	0.4	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	110	35	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.1	16.9	15.4	16.1	16.9	15.4
15 to 64 years	68.6	68.7	68.5	68.6	68.7	68.5
65 years and over	15.3	14.4	16.1	15.3	14.4	16.1
85 years and over	1.6	1.3	1.9	1.6	1.3	1.9
Average age of the population	40.8	39.9	41.7	40.8	39.9	41.7
Median age of the population	41.2	40.0	42.4	41.2	40.0	42.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	42,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	14,000	...	...	32.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,195	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	6,165	...	...	14.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,010	...	...	14.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,060	...	...	23.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	5,470	...	...	12.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	42,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,495	...	...	22.1	...	...
2 persons	13,635	...	...	31.8	...	...
3 persons	8,415	...	...	19.6	...	...
4 persons	7,585	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	3,800	...	...	8.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	113,440	55,280	58,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	96,085	46,455	49,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	58,555	29,015	29,545	60.9	62.5	59.5
Married	51,315	25,405	25,915	53.4	54.7	52.2
Living common-law	7,240	3,610	3,630	7.5	7.8	7.3
Living common law - Never married	5,300	2,660	2,635	5.5	5.7	5.3
Living common law - Separated	325	170	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,495	735	760	1.6	1.6	1.5
Living common law - Widowed	120	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	37,530	17,445	20,085	39.1	37.6	40.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,630	13,860	11,770	26.7	29.8	23.7
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,375	870	1,500	2.5	1.9	3.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,555	1,940	3,610	5.8	4.2	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,975	775	3,200	4.1	1.7	6.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,295	...	...	45.5	...	...
3 persons	8,680	...	...	25.8	...	...
4 persons	7,670	...	...	22.8	...	...
5 or more persons	1,990	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,435	...	...	84.5	...	...
Married couples	24,815	...	...	73.8	...	...
With children⁶	15,300	...	...	45.5	...	...
Without children	9,515	...	...	28.3	...	...
Common-law couples	3,620	...	...	10.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,175	...	...	3.5	...	...
Without children	2,440	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,205	...	...	15.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,120	...	...	12.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,085	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	113,440	55,280	58,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	97,720	48,275	49,440	86.1	87.3	85.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,865	28,390	28,475	50.1	51.4	49.0
Parents in one-parent families	5,200	1,080	4,125	4.6	2.0	7.1
Children⁶	35,650	18,805	16,845	31.4	34.0	29.0
In a two-parent family	28,155	14,805	13,350	24.8	26.8	23.0
In a one-parent family	7,495	4,000	3,495	6.6	7.2	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,720	7,005	8,715	13.9	12.7	15.0
Living alone	9,495	4,095	5,400	8.4	7.4	9.3
Living with other relatives⁷	2,865	1,065	1,800	2.5	1.9	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	3,360	1,845	1,515	3.0	3.3	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	42,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,185	...	...	65.7	...	...
Couple-family households	24,125	...	...	56.2	...	...
With children⁶	14,150	...	...	33.0	...	...
Without children	9,975	...	...	23.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,060	...	...	9.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,815	...	...	4.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	520	...	...	1.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,600	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,310	...	...	3.1	...	...
One-person households	9,495	...	...	22.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	94,970	45,820	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,430	44,150	47,285	96.3	96.4	96.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,600	36,400	42,000	49,600	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	91,460	44,160	47,300	96.3	96.4	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,400	33,600	38,400	44,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	82,460	40,570	41,885	86.8	88.5	85.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,000	29,000	37,600	48,000	29,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	67,260	34,050	33,210	70.8	74.3	67.6
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	52,800	34,800	43,200	52,800	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	74,190	33,110	41,080	78.1	72.3	83.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	6,800	8,900	8,000	6,800	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,780	3,195	4,585	8.2	7.0	9.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,240	5,720	5,480	5,240	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,825	12,070	13,760	27.2	26.3	28.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,000	9,000	8,500	8,000	9,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	94,810	45,810	49,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,125	44,040	47,080	96.1	96.1	96.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,100	62,850	43,920	53,100	62,850	43,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	91,155	44,050	47,110	96.1	96.2	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,080	52,100	38,480	45,080	52,100	38,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,110	40,415	41,695	86.6	88.2	85.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,880	61,000	39,080	49,880	61,000	39,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	67,190	34,105	33,085	70.9	74.4	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,500	63,250	41,400	52,500	63,250	41,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,910	32,860	41,055	78.0	71.7	83.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,060	9,260	10,700	10,060	9,260	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,860	3,225	4,640	8.3	7.0	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,690	5,800	7,310	6,690	5,800	7,310
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,550	11,680	13,865	26.9	25.5	28.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,440	9,180	9,660	9,440	9,180	9,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	94,810	45,810	49,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,310	19,065	14,250	35.1	41.6	29.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,500	77,000	60,000	68,500	77,000	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	78,700	88,200	66,200	78,700	88,200	66,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	25,710	11,340	14,365	27.1	24.8	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	22,400	15,800	18,400	22,400	15,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,760	34,560	24,160	28,760	34,560	24,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	89.0	78.8	84.6	89.0	78.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	73.0	78.0	66.2	73.0	78.0	66.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.4	11.0	21.2	15.4	11.0	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	4.6	8.1	6.1	4.6	8.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.5	5.0	3.9	6.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	94,970	45,820	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,535	1,675	1,865	3.7	3.7	3.8
With total income	91,430	44,150	47,285	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,370	4,280	6,090	11.3	9.7	12.9
$10,000 to $19,999	10,415	4,380	6,035	11.4	9.9	12.8
$20,000 to $29,999	12,835	5,200	7,640	14.0	11.8	16.2
$30,000 to $39,999	10,305	4,295	6,010	11.3	9.7	12.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,270	4,040	5,235	10.1	9.1	11.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,075	3,740	4,335	8.8	8.5	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,565	3,280	3,285	7.2	7.4	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,160	2,885	2,275	5.6	6.5	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	4,275	2,525	1,750	4.7	5.7	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,420	2,025	1,395	3.7	4.6	3.0
$100,000 and over	10,735	7,505	3,230	11.7	17.0	6.8
$100,000 to $149,999	7,470	4,965	2,510	8.2	11.2	5.3
$150,000 and over	3,265	2,540	725	3.6	5.7	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	94,970	45,820	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,510	1,660	1,850	3.7	3.6	3.8
With after-tax income	91,460	44,160	47,300	96.3	96.4	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,625	4,365	6,255	11.6	9.9	13.2
$10,000 to $19,999	10,765	4,535	6,235	11.8	10.3	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	14,355	5,855	8,505	15.7	13.2	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,030	5,105	6,920	13.2	11.6	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,950	4,960	5,995	12.0	11.2	12.7
$50,000 to $59,999	8,885	4,400	4,485	9.7	10.0	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	6,730	3,785	2,940	7.4	8.6	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	5,165	3,005	2,160	5.6	6.8	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,770	2,265	1,505	4.1	5.1	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,485	1,660	825	2.7	3.8	1.8
$100,000 and over	5,695	4,225	1,470	6.2	9.6	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,140	2,235	905	3.4	5.1	1.9
$125,000 and over	2,560	1,990	570	2.8	4.5	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	94,970	45,820	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	27,710	11,770	15,940	29.2	25.7	32.4
With employment income	67,260	34,050	33,210	70.8	74.3	67.6
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,590	3,770	4,820	12.8	11.1	14.5
$5,000 to $9,999	5,500	2,210	3,285	8.2	6.5	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	6,995	2,965	4,025	10.4	8.7	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	5,505	2,410	3,090	8.2	7.1	9.3
$30,000 to $39,999	5,315	2,370	2,945	7.9	7.0	8.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,655	2,555	3,100	8.4	7.5	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,725	2,710	3,015	8.5	8.0	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	4,790	2,515	2,275	7.1	7.4	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	4,060	2,370	1,685	6.0	7.0	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,445	2,050	1,400	5.1	6.0	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	2,895	1,765	1,130	4.3	5.2	3.4
$100,000 and over	8,795	6,360	2,430	13.1	18.7	7.3
$100,000 to $124,999	4,260	2,810	1,450	6.3	8.3	4.4
$125,000 and over	4,535	3,550	990	6.7	10.4	3.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	94,970	45,820	49,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,450	42,595	45,855	93.1	93.0	93.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	49,200	33,200	40,000	49,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	88,660	42,645	46,015	93.4	93.1	93.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,200	30,400	36,000	43,200	30,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,350	39,885	41,465	85.7	87.0	84.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	49,200	31,000	38,800	49,200	31,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	68,485	34,470	34,015	72.1	75.2	69.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	52,000	34,400	42,400	52,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	57,730	23,560	34,170	60.8	51.4	69.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,160	1,700	4,320	3,160	1,700	4,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,965	1,960	3,005	5.2	4.3	6.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,360	4,400	6,240	5,360	4,400	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	94,810	45,810	49,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,235	42,565	45,670	93.1	92.9	93.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,800	61,450	40,840	50,800	61,450	40,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	88,455	42,595	45,865	93.3	93.0	93.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,440	50,080	35,360	42,440	50,080	35,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,320	39,985	41,340	85.8	87.3	84.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,160	61,550	39,120	50,160	61,550	39,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	68,500	34,635	33,865	72.2	75.6	69.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,500	62,200	40,560	51,500	62,200	40,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,170	23,185	33,980	60.3	50.6	69.3
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,660	7,280	7,030	6,660	7,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,970	2,005	2,960	5.2	4.4	6.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,540	5,905	8,650	7,540	5,905	8,650
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	94,810	45,810	49,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,105	18,920	14,190	34.9	41.3	29.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	73,500	55,600	64,500	73,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	73,500	83,100	60,650	73,500	83,100	60,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,195	10,720	13,475	25.5	23.4	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	29,600	23,000	25,600	29,600	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,640	42,920	29,880	35,640	42,920	29,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.0	94.0	86.8	91.0	94.0	86.8
Employment income (%)	78.8	82.4	73.6	78.8	82.4	73.6
Government transfers (%)	9.0	5.9	13.2	9.0	5.9	13.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.4	0.8	0.5	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	42,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,600	...	...	43,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	33,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	42,885	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	112,800	...	...	112,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,800	...	...	95,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,495	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,300	...	...	56,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,400	...	...	47,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	33,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,500	...	...	109,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	42,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	715	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	295	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	365	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	650	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,190	...	...	2.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,010	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,150	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,320	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,220	...	...	2.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,355	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,780	...	...	6.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,805	...	...	6.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,550	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,555	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,445	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,530	...	...	47.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,390	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,335	...	...	10.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,660	...	...	13.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	5,140	...	...	12.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	42,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	780	...	...	1.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	690	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,230	...	...	2.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,135	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,315	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,500	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,460	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,650	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,330	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,160	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,100	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,940	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,730	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,225	...	...	40.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,880	...	...	13.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,230	...	...	9.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	7,115	...	...	16.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,740	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	16,520	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,000	...	...	137,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	12,855	5,945	6,915	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	50,000	41,200	44,800	50,000	41,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	44,000	37,600	40,400	44,000	37,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,660	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,600	...	...	127,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,400	...	...	108,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	16,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	153,400	...	...	153,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,300	...	...	79,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,600	...	...	70,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	12,845	5,905	6,940	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,100	58,450	46,720	52,100	58,450	46,720
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,200	48,320	40,720	44,200	48,320	40,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	113,440	55,280	58,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,375	11,485	10,890	19.7	20.8	18.7
0 to 5 years	6,835	3,460	3,375	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	74,215	35,975	38,240	65.4	65.1	65.7
65 years and over	16,850	7,825	9,025	14.9	14.2	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,580	5,265	6,315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,580	1,375	1,200	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	670	335	335	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,545	2,925	3,625	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,455	965	1,495	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.2	9.5	10.9	10.2	9.5	10.9
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	12.0	11.0	11.5	12.0	11.0
0 to 5 years (%)	9.8	9.7	9.9	9.8	9.7	9.9
18 to 64 years (%)	8.8	8.1	9.5	8.8	8.1	9.5
65 years and over (%)	14.6	12.3	16.5	14.6	12.3	16.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	113,440	55,280	58,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,375	11,485	10,890	19.7	20.8	18.7
0 to 5 years	6,835	3,460	3,370	6.0	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	74,215	35,975	38,240	65.4	65.1	65.7
65 years and over	16,850	7,825	9,025	14.9	14.2	15.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,460	3,525	3,940	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,615	865	755	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	395	210	185	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,805	2,230	2,575	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,040	435	610	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	6.6	6.4	6.8	6.6	6.4	6.8
0 to 17 years (%)	7.2	7.5	6.9	7.2	7.5	6.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.8	6.1	5.5	5.8	6.1	5.5
18 to 64 years (%)	6.5	6.2	6.7	6.5	6.2	6.7
65 years and over (%)	6.2	5.5	6.8	6.2	5.5	6.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	113,440	55,280	58,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,510	22,875	25,630	42.8	41.4	44.1
In bottom decile	10,625	4,900	5,720	9.4	8.9	9.8
In second decile	8,865	4,075	4,790	7.8	7.4	8.2
In third decile	9,260	4,370	4,890	8.2	7.9	8.4
In fourth decile	9,370	4,480	4,890	8.3	8.1	8.4
In fifth decile	10,390	5,050	5,340	9.2	9.1	9.2
In top half of the distribution	64,935	32,405	32,530	57.2	58.6	55.9
In sixth decile	11,375	5,575	5,800	10.0	10.1	10.0
In seventh decile	11,975	5,955	6,020	10.6	10.8	10.4
In eighth decile	13,480	6,680	6,800	11.9	12.1	11.7
In ninth decile	14,880	7,525	7,355	13.1	13.6	12.6
In top decile	13,225	6,675	6,550	11.7	12.1	11.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	113,440	...	...	113,440	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.318	...	...	0.318	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	113,710	55,355	58,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	101,735	50,280	51,455	89.5	90.8	88.2
French only	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	6,960	3,045	3,920	6.1	5.5	6.7
Neither English nor French	4,950	2,005	2,945	4.4	3.6	5.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	113,710	55,355	58,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,965	52,495	54,470	94.1	94.8	93.3
French	1,055	515	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	815	365	445	0.7	0.7	0.8
Neither English nor French	4,880	1,975	2,900	4.3	3.6	5.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	113,710	55,355	58,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	108,320	52,785	55,540	95.3	95.4	95.2
Official languages	60,430	30,445	29,980	53.1	55.0	51.4
English	59,450	29,970	29,485	52.3	54.1	50.5
French	975	480	495	0.9	0.9	0.8
Non-official languages	47,890	22,335	25,555	42.1	40.3	43.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	47,890	22,335	25,555	42.1	40.3	43.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,150	585	570	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,130	570	560	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	965	475	485	0.8	0.9	0.8
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	60	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	625	255	370	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	560	235	325	0.5	0.4	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,680	1,090	1,590	2.4	2.0	2.7
Bikol	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	235	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,095	855	1,240	1.8	1.5	2.1
Waray-Waray	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	19,505	9,390	10,120	17.2	17.0	17.3
Albanian	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	4,175	1,965	2,205	3.7	3.5	3.8
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,135	1,950	2,190	3.6	3.5	3.8
Belarusian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	185	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	945	420	525	0.8	0.8	0.9
Russian	1,935	930	1,005	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	495	235	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	195	100	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,040	495	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	620	295	325	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	600	285	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	320	140	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	175	75	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	9,635	4,700	4,930	8.5	8.5	8.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,575	1,210	1,360	2.3	2.2	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	300	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	530	240	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Kacchi	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,225	570	650	1.1	1.0	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	7,060	3,495	3,565	6.2	6.3	6.1
Baluchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	325	170	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	6,690	3,300	3,390	5.9	6.0	5.8
Dari	490	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Iranian Persian	5,585	2,760	2,825	4.9	5.0	4.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	610	295	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,465	2,120	2,345	3.9	3.8	4.0
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	600	300	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	905	425	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Romanian	765	375	385	0.7	0.7	0.7
Spanish	2,195	1,015	1,185	1.9	1.8	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	585	200	390	0.5	0.4	0.7
Korean	5,325	2,485	2,835	4.7	4.5	4.9
Mongolian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	16,865	7,815	9,050	14.8	14.1	15.5
Chinese languages	16,835	7,800	9,030	14.8	14.1	15.5
Hakka	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	9,045	4,140	4,910	8.0	7.5	8.4
Min Dong	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	405	190	215	0.4	0.3	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	7,050	3,335	3,720	6.2	6.0	6.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	235	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	165	90	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	325	130	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	235	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,390	2,575	2,820	4.7	4.7	4.8
English and French	345	150	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	4,320	2,085	2,240	3.8	3.8	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	525	255	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	113,710	55,355	58,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	63,430	31,720	31,715	55.8	57.3	54.3
French	215	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	17,555	8,125	9,425	15.4	14.7	16.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	17,550	8,125	9,425	15.4	14.7	16.2
English and French	915	410	505	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	29,570	14,070	15,495	26.0	25.4	26.6
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	780	345	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Multiple non-official languages	1,190	550	640	1.0	1.0	1.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	113,710	55,355	58,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	107,290	52,250	55,040	94.4	94.4	94.3
Official languages	75,780	37,390	38,390	66.6	67.5	65.8
English	75,410	37,200	38,210	66.3	67.2	65.5
French	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	31,515	14,855	16,655	27.7	26.8	28.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	31,510	14,855	16,655	27.7	26.8	28.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	675	325	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	665	325	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	595	290	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	350	150	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	330	145	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,285	575	710	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,075	485	590	0.9	0.9	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,475	5,530	5,950	10.1	10.0	10.2
Albanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,450	1,180	1,275	2.2	2.1	2.2
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,435	1,170	1,265	2.1	2.1	2.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	465	205	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	1,470	720	745	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Dutch	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	6,580	3,165	3,415	5.8	5.7	5.9
Indo-Aryan languages	1,390	655	735	1.2	1.2	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	245	105	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	725	350	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5,195	2,510	2,680	4.6	4.5	4.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	215	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Parsi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	4,950	2,390	2,560	4.4	4.3	4.4
Dari	300	140	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	4,235	2,060	2,175	3.7	3.7	3.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	420	190	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,225	1,080	1,145	2.0	2.0	2.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	575	290	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	345	175	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	1,185	570	615	1.0	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	275	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	4,405	2,080	2,320	3.9	3.8	4.0
Mongolian	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,575	5,845	6,725	11.1	10.6	11.5
Chinese languages	12,560	5,840	6,720	11.0	10.6	11.5
Hakka	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	7,235	3,360	3,880	6.4	6.1	6.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	4,985	2,330	2,650	4.4	4.2	4.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,420	3,105	3,315	5.6	5.6	5.7
English and French	190	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	5,930	2,870	3,060	5.2	5.2	5.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	235	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	113,710	55,355	58,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	86,610	42,570	44,035	76.2	76.9	75.5
English	11,700	5,675	6,025	10.3	10.3	10.3
French	800	340	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official language	11,645	5,400	6,245	10.2	9.8	10.7
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,635	5,400	6,240	10.2	9.8	10.7
English and French	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,260	620	645	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	390	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,160	520	640	1.0	0.9	1.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	113,260	55,225	58,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	108,510	53,335	55,175	95.8	96.6	95.1
English	108,445	53,300	55,140	95.7	96.5	95.0
French	7,010	2,970	4,035	6.2	5.4	7.0
Non-official languages	57,910	27,275	30,640	51.1	49.4	52.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	57,885	27,250	30,630	51.1	49.3	52.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,715	880	840	1.5	1.6	1.4
Berber languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,705	875	835	1.5	1.6	1.4
Amharic	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,365	680	680	1.2	1.2	1.2
Aramaic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	750	315	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	695	305	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,870	1,630	2,240	3.4	3.0	3.9
Bikol	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	200	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	380	170	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	210	120	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,245	1,325	1,925	2.9	2.4	3.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	165	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,975	12,095	12,880	22.1	21.9	22.2
Albanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	5,085	2,470	2,615	4.5	4.5	4.5
Baltic languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,055	2,450	2,600	4.5	4.4	4.5
Belarusian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	200	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Czech	325	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,150	525	625	1.0	1.0	1.1
Russian	2,700	1,345	1,355	2.4	2.4	2.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	690	345	345	0.6	0.6	0.6
Bosnian	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	460	220	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbian	260	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	385	170	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,830	785	1,040	1.6	1.4	1.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,170	495	670	1.0	0.9	1.2
German	1,155	490	660	1.0	0.9	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	555	245	305	0.5	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	330	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	235	100	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	160	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	205	125	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	12,075	5,970	6,105	10.7	10.8	10.5
Indo-Aryan languages	3,970	1,880	2,090	3.5	3.4	3.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	525	250	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindi	1,730	845	885	1.5	1.5	1.5
Kacchi	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,875	885	985	1.7	1.6	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	590	290	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iranian languages	8,225	4,145	4,085	7.3	7.5	7.0
Baluchi	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	395	205	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Parsi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	7,970	4,020	3,955	7.0	7.3	6.8
Dari	635	295	335	0.6	0.5	0.6
Iranian Persian	6,800	3,460	3,345	6.0	6.3	5.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	605	300	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,405	3,040	3,360	5.7	5.5	5.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	965	435	530	0.9	0.8	0.9
Portuguese	1,140	550	590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Romanian	1,020	515	510	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	3,760	1,775	1,985	3.3	3.2	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,290	580	710	1.1	1.1	1.2
Korean	6,245	2,900	3,340	5.5	5.3	5.8
Mongolian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	415	195	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	75	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	225	125	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
American Sign Language	195	115	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	19,460	9,145	10,315	17.2	16.6	17.8
Chinese languages	19,400	9,120	10,285	17.1	16.5	17.7
Hakka	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mandarin	13,175	6,095	7,075	11.6	11.0	12.2
Min Dong	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	925	415	510	0.8	0.8	0.9
Wu (Shanghainese)	155	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	8,790	4,190	4,595	7.8	7.6	7.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	120	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	590	300	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Azerbaijani	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	475	250	230	0.4	0.5	0.4
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	445	195	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	320	140	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,260	55,230	58,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,665	1,315	1,350	2.4	2.4	2.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,555	1,270	1,290	2.3	2.3	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,360	650	710	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis	1,170	610	560	1.0	1.1	1.0
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	110,600	53,915	56,685	97.7	97.6	97.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	113,260	55,230	58,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	730	330	400	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	112,525	54,895	57,635	99.4	99.4	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,175	...	...	75.0	...	...
Renter	10,705	...	...	25.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	16,015	...	...	37.3	...	...
Not condominium	26,865	...	...	62.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	180	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,920	...	...	13.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,815	...	...	29.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,970	...	...	25.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	13,000	...	...	30.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	17,315	...	...	40.4	...	...
5 rooms	5,925	...	...	13.8	...	...
6 rooms	5,005	...	...	11.7	...	...
7 rooms	4,125	...	...	9.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,515	...	...	24.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	41,340	...	...	96.4	...	...
More than one person per room	1,540	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	40,065	...	...	93.4	...	...
Not suitable	2,815	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,290	...	...	3.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	7,770	...	...	18.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,415	...	...	15.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,910	...	...	25.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,285	...	...	5.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,190	...	...	9.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	5,630	...	...	13.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,385	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	41,160	...	...	96.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,725	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,310	...	...	45.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,700	...	...	48.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,875	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	605	...	...	1.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,110	...	...	11.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,660	...	...	20.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	9,510	...	...	22.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,255	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,100	...	...	14.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,710	...	...	6.3	...	...
85 years and over	930	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	42,640	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	30,980	...	...	72.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,665	...	...	27.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,920	...	...	23.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	42,880	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	14,800	...	...	34.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,405	...	...	24.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,935	...	...	4.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,085	...	...	2.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	740	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	495	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,085	...	...	65.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	40,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,305	...	...	15.4	...	...
Not in core need	34,595	...	...	84.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	32,145	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.0	...	...	66.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.3	...	...	23.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,720	...	...	1,720	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,858	...	...	1,858	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	900,000	...	...	900,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	969,000	...	...	969,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,705	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.4	...	...	10.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	39.6	...	...	39.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	29.1	...	...	29.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,600	...	...	1,600	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,660	...	...	1,660	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	113,260	55,225	58,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	485	245	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	460	240	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	310	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Métis single ancestry	145	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,385	1,215	1,170	2.1	2.2	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,275	1,155	1,120	2.0	2.1	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,415	705	710	1.2	1.3	1.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	835	440	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	110,395	53,770	56,625	97.5	97.4	97.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	113,260	55,230	58,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,775	48,105	49,670	86.3	87.1	85.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,095	10,265	9,830	17.7	18.6	16.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	77,685	37,840	39,840	68.6	68.5	68.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15,485	7,125	8,360	13.7	12.9	14.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	113,260	55,230	58,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	61,330	30,885	30,440	54.1	55.9	52.5
Immigrants⁸¹	48,195	22,540	25,655	42.6	40.8	44.2
Before 1980	5,355	2,505	2,850	4.7	4.5	4.9
1980 to 1990	4,740	2,235	2,505	4.2	4.0	4.3
1991 to 2000	12,125	5,770	6,350	10.7	10.4	10.9
2001 to 2010	13,025	6,105	6,915	11.5	11.1	11.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	12,945	5,915	7,030	11.4	10.7	12.1
2011 to 2015	7,070	3,240	3,830	6.2	5.9	6.6
2016 to 2021	5,875	2,680	3,195	5.2	4.9	5.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,735	1,800	1,940	3.3	3.3	3.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	48,195	22,535	25,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,020	2,135	1,885	8.3	9.5	7.3
5 to 14 years	7,930	4,205	3,720	16.5	18.7	14.5
15 to 24 years	6,930	3,135	3,795	14.4	13.9	14.8
25 to 44 years	23,520	10,310	13,210	48.8	45.8	51.5
45 years and over	5,800	2,760	3,040	12.0	12.2	11.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	48,195	22,535	25,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,255	1,490	1,760	6.8	6.6	6.9
Brazil	410	180	230	0.9	0.8	0.9
Colombia	310	135	175	0.6	0.6	0.7
El Salvador	210	90	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
Guyana	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	145	75	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	495	225	270	1.0	1.0	1.1
Peru	155	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
United States of America	780	350	425	1.6	1.6	1.7
Other places of birth in Americas	565	275	285	1.2	1.2	1.1
Europe	8,390	4,065	4,325	17.4	18.0	16.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatia	215	115	100	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	135	90	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Germany	480	225	260	1.0	1.0	1.0
Greece	100	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	150	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italy	300	180	120	0.6	0.8	0.5
Netherlands	205	100	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Poland	805	350	455	1.7	1.6	1.8
Portugal	240	130	110	0.5	0.6	0.4
Romania	800	400	400	1.7	1.8	1.6
Russian Federation	740	345	395	1.5	1.5	1.5
Serbia⁸⁶	105	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	460	220	240	1.0	1.0	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,035	950	1,085	4.2	4.2	4.2
Other places of birth in Europe	1,530	740	795	3.2	3.3	3.1
Africa	1,865	925	940	3.9	4.1	3.7
Algeria	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	215	120	95	0.4	0.5	0.4
Eritrea	65	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Morocco	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	595	305	295	1.2	1.4	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	730	330	395	1.5	1.5	1.5
Asia	34,180	15,810	18,370	70.9	70.2	71.6
Afghanistan	485	240	245	1.0	1.1	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	5,625	2,850	2,775	11.7	12.6	10.8
Iraq	455	205	245	0.9	0.9	1.0
Lebanon	130	55	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	160	85	85	0.3	0.4	0.3
Turkey	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	8,275	3,680	4,595	17.2	16.3	17.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	3,715	1,795	1,920	7.7	8.0	7.5
Korea, South⁹²	4,385	2,010	2,375	9.1	8.9	9.3
Taiwan	1,540	665	880	3.2	3.0	3.4
Philippines	3,310	1,385	1,925	6.9	6.1	7.5
Viet Nam	685	305	385	1.4	1.4	1.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,820	880	945	3.8	3.9	3.7
Pakistan	450	230	215	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	75	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	2,995	1,335	1,655	6.2	5.9	6.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	495	240	255	1.0	1.1	1.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,875	2,675	3,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	540	265	275	9.2	9.9	8.6
Brazil	235	110	125	4.0	4.1	3.9
Colombia	25	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Mexico	95	50	50	1.6	1.9	1.6
United States of America	85	40	45	1.4	1.5	1.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	65	35	25	1.1	1.3	0.8
Europe	650	340	310	11.1	12.7	9.7
France	35	20	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	20	15	10	0.3	0.6	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Russian Federation	175	95	85	3.0	3.6	2.7
Ukraine	90	40	50	1.5	1.5	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	65	35	1.7	2.4	1.1
Other places of birth in Europe	195	80	115	3.3	3.0	3.6
Africa	315	150	165	5.4	5.6	5.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	20	20	0.7	0.7	0.6
Eritrea	40	20	25	0.7	0.7	0.8
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	95	55	40	1.6	2.1	1.3
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	100	35	65	1.7	1.3	2.0
Asia	4,325	1,890	2,430	73.6	70.7	76.1
Afghanistan	65	40	25	1.1	1.5	0.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,295	555	740	22.0	20.7	23.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	95	50	45	1.6	1.9	1.4
India	370	170	200	6.3	6.4	6.3
Iran⁸⁸	770	405	370	13.1	15.1	11.6
Iraq	80	30	50	1.4	1.1	1.6
Israel	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Japan	40	0	40	0.7	0.0	1.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	645	265	385	11.0	9.9	12.1
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Nepal	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.3
Pakistan	65	40	25	1.1	1.5	0.8
Philippines	395	135	255	6.7	5.0	8.0
Saudi Arabia	25	15	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	60	35	30	1.0	1.3	0.9
Turkey	25	15	15	0.4	0.6	0.5
United Arab Emirates	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Viet Nam	40	15	25	0.7	0.6	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	260	100	155	4.4	3.7	4.9
Oceania and other⁹³	50	30	20	0.9	1.1	0.6
Australia	35	25	15	0.6	0.9	0.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	15	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	113,260	55,230	58,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	53,225	25,020	28,205	47.0	45.3	48.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	25,985	13,120	12,865	22.9	23.8	22.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	34,050	17,085	16,970	30.1	30.9	29.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	42,840	20,030	22,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,470	14,060	14,405	66.5	70.2	63.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	10,745	6,705	4,045	25.1	33.5	17.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	17,720	7,360	10,360	41.4	36.7	45.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	9,320	3,400	5,920	21.8	17.0	26.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,635	2,370	2,265	10.8	11.8	9.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	415	200	220	1.0	1.0	1.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	42,840	20,030	22,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,385	725	660	3.2	3.6	2.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,850	1,610	2,235	9.0	8.0	9.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,920	950	970	4.5	4.7	4.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,445	1,055	1,390	5.7	5.3	6.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	100	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	33,145	15,635	17,510	77.4	78.1	76.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	113,260	55,225	58,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	57,580	27,605	29,980	50.8	50.0	51.7
South Asian	5,520	2,730	2,790	4.9	4.9	4.8
Chinese	22,045	10,560	11,485	19.5	19.1	19.8
Black	1,680	850	835	1.5	1.5	1.4
Filipino	4,530	2,010	2,525	4.0	3.6	4.4
Arab	1,165	565	600	1.0	1.0	1.0
Latin American	2,375	1,140	1,235	2.1	2.1	2.1
Southeast Asian	1,615	765	855	1.4	1.4	1.5
West Asian	7,890	3,975	3,920	7.0	7.2	6.8
Korean	6,455	3,015	3,440	5.7	5.5	5.9
Japanese	1,275	525	750	1.1	1.0	1.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	700	360	340	0.6	0.7	0.6
Multiple visible minorities	2,325	1,120	1,210	2.1	2.0	2.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	55,680	27,620	28,055	49.2	50.0	48.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	113,260	55,225	58,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,370	4,890	4,480	8.3	8.9	7.7
English	16,980	8,275	8,710	15.0	15.0	15.0
Irish	10,365	5,010	5,350	9.2	9.1	9.2
Scottish	13,365	6,540	6,825	11.8	11.8	11.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,630	2,225	2,405	4.1	4.0	4.1
German	8,115	4,090	4,025	7.2	7.4	6.9
Chinese	20,360	9,720	10,645	18.0	17.6	18.3
Italian	4,655	2,355	2,295	4.1	4.3	4.0
Indian (India)	3,650	1,730	1,925	3.2	3.1	3.3
Ukrainian	3,705	1,765	1,940	3.3	3.2	3.3
Dutch	2,760	1,450	1,315	2.4	2.6	2.3
Polish	2,980	1,400	1,580	2.6	2.5	2.7
Québécois	55	45	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,905	1,395	1,505	2.6	2.5	2.6
Filipino	4,725	2,120	2,600	4.2	3.8	4.5
French Canadian	800	380	425	0.7	0.7	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,570	825	750	1.4	1.5	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	865	420	450	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis	1,115	585	535	1.0	1.1	0.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,075	1,070	1,005	1.8	1.9	1.7
Russian	3,025	1,495	1,530	2.7	2.7	2.6
Norwegian	2,200	1,055	1,150	1.9	1.9	2.0
Welsh	1,560	805	760	1.4	1.5	1.3
Portuguese	1,275	650	625	1.1	1.2	1.1
American	1,095	520	575	1.0	0.9	1.0
Spanish	1,710	740	970	1.5	1.3	1.7
Swedish	1,660	760	890	1.5	1.4	1.5
Hungarian	1,035	485	555	0.9	0.9	1.0
Acadian	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pakistani	480	260	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	650	345	305	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	630	315	315	0.6	0.6	0.5
Punjabi	425	200	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	1,080	495	585	1.0	0.9	1.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	525	260	260	0.5	0.5	0.4
Greek	510	255	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	265	130	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,835	855	980	1.6	1.5	1.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	240	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	6,145	2,900	3,250	5.4	5.3	5.6
Romanian	1,210	615	595	1.1	1.1	1.0
Lebanese	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	5,885	2,960	2,925	5.2	5.4	5.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	445	235	200	0.4	0.4	0.3
Danish	795	385	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sikh	510	240	270	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austrian	670	320	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belgian	315	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	390	215	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mexican	700	310	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mennonite	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Swiss	395	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.4
Finnish	775	355	420	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	845	360	485	0.7	0.7	0.8
Japanese	1,665	690	975	1.5	1.2	1.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	270	150	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	515	250	265	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	285	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	295	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	365	165	205	0.3	0.3	0.4
Tamil	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	415	155	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Colombian	365	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	515	230	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Syrian	240	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	760	355	405	0.7	0.6	0.7
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	295	160	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	1,565	810	755	1.4	1.5	1.3
Ontarian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	1,930	985	945	1.7	1.8	1.6
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	265	155	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	465	215	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigerian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slovak	295	135	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	340	130	210	0.3	0.2	0.4
Somali	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	1,365	625	740	1.2	1.1	1.3
Iraqi	255	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	290	145	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	430	195	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	335	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	170	60	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	370	190	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	265	145	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Palestinian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	170	100	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Congolese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	185	75	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	230	130	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	65	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	210	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albertan	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	125	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	125	80	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	255	90	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Laotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	535	280	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	340	190	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Fijian	295	130	170	0.3	0.2	0.3
Jatt	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Coptic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	45	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nepali	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	190	115	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	315	125	185	0.3	0.2	0.3
Plains Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	50	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	95	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	205	85	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	113,260	55,225	58,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,100	860	1,240	1.9	1.6	2.1
Christian	41,965	19,145	22,820	37.1	34.7	39.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	11,650	5,285	6,360	10.3	9.6	11.0
Anabaptist	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	1,925	900	1,025	1.7	1.6	1.8
Baptist	1,275	590	680	1.1	1.1	1.2
Catholic	16,695	7,750	8,945	14.7	14.0	15.4
Christian Orthodox	2,305	1,075	1,230	2.0	1.9	2.1
Jehovah's Witness	410	185	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	260	130	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	1,000	400	600	0.9	0.7	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	280	130	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	855	415	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Presbyterian	825	350	475	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,325	940	1,380	2.1	1.7	2.4
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,840	830	1,010	1.6	1.5	1.7
Hindu	1,340	685	650	1.2	1.2	1.1
Jewish	455	215	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	6,875	3,375	3,505	6.1	6.1	6.0
Sikh	1,640	760	880	1.4	1.4	1.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,225	545	680	1.1	1.0	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	57,620	29,620	28,000	50.9	53.6	48.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	112,285	54,765	57,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	98,810	48,000	50,805	88.0	87.6	88.3
Movers	13,480	6,760	6,715	12.0	12.3	11.7
Non-migrants	5,900	2,935	2,965	5.3	5.4	5.2
Migrants	7,575	3,825	3,750	6.7	7.0	6.5
Internal migrants	6,080	3,060	3,020	5.4	5.6	5.2
Intraprovincial migrants	5,315	2,655	2,660	4.7	4.8	4.6
Interprovincial migrants	770	410	360	0.7	0.7	0.6
External migrants	1,490	760	730	1.3	1.4	1.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	107,605	52,375	55,235	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	63,090	30,655	32,430	58.6	58.5	58.7
Movers	44,515	21,715	22,800	41.4	41.5	41.3
Non-migrants	12,490	6,200	6,285	11.6	11.8	11.4
Migrants	32,030	15,510	16,520	29.8	29.6	29.9
Internal migrants	24,305	11,940	12,365	22.6	22.8	22.4
Intraprovincial migrants	21,235	10,420	10,815	19.7	19.9	19.6
Interprovincial migrants	3,070	1,520	1,550	2.9	2.9	2.8
External migrants	7,725	3,575	4,155	7.2	6.8	7.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,810	45,805	49,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,375	5,990	5,385	12.0	13.1	11.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	83,435	39,815	43,615	88.0	86.9	89.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,885	31,195	33,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,200	2,420	1,780	6.5	7.8	5.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,685	28,775	31,910	93.5	92.2	94.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	94,815	45,810	49,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,095	5,195	4,895	10.6	11.3	10.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,700	12,830	13,870	28.2	28.0	28.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	58,015	27,780	30,230	61.2	60.6	61.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,785	13,385	13,400	28.2	29.2	27.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,625	4,890	1,740	7.0	10.7	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,815	1,610	1,210	3.0	3.5	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,810	3,275	530	4.0	7.1	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,425	6,890	9,540	17.3	15.0	19.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,735	1,615	2,125	3.9	3.5	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,230	14,400	16,830	32.9	31.4	34.3
Bachelor's degree	21,110	9,410	11,700	22.3	20.5	23.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,380	1,025	1,360	2.5	2.2	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	640	295	345	0.7	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	6,095	3,000	3,095	6.4	6.5	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,000	665	330	1.1	1.5	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	64,885	31,195	33,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,425	1,950	1,475	5.3	6.3	4.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,610	7,245	7,360	22.5	23.2	21.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	46,850	21,995	24,855	72.2	70.5	73.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,175	10,030	10,145	31.1	32.2	30.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,785	3,630	1,155	7.4	11.6	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,950	1,160	790	3.0	3.7	2.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,840	2,475	365	4.4	7.9	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,500	5,175	7,320	19.3	16.6	21.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,895	1,220	1,670	4.5	3.9	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	26,675	11,965	14,700	41.1	38.4	43.6
Bachelor's degree	17,890	7,790	10,100	27.6	25.0	30.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,015	845	1,165	3.1	2.7	3.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	530	225	315	0.8	0.7	0.9
Master's degree	5,430	2,595	2,835	8.4	8.3	8.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	805	515	290	1.2	1.7	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	94,810	45,810	49,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	36,795	18,025	18,775	38.8	39.3	38.3
Education	3,180	725	2,455	3.4	1.6	5.0
13. Education	3,180	725	2,455	3.4	1.6	5.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,560	1,075	1,485	2.7	2.3	3.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	315	225	95	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	2,240	850	1,390	2.4	1.9	2.8
Humanities	3,295	1,055	2,240	3.5	2.3	4.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	660	150	505	0.7	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	820	205	610	0.9	0.4	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,025	290	735	1.1	0.6	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	165	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,420	2,505	4,920	7.8	5.5	10.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	840	325	520	0.9	0.7	1.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,075	85	990	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,070	290	780	1.1	0.6	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	120	25	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,310	325	985	1.4	0.7	2.0
45. Social sciences	2,955	1,455	1,495	3.1	3.2	3.1
Business, management and public administration	12,970	5,375	7,590	13.7	11.7	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	425	95	325	0.4	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	12,525	5,275	7,250	13.2	11.5	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,835	1,345	1,485	3.0	2.9	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,045	375	670	1.1	0.8	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745	325	415	0.8	0.7	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	940	615	325	1.0	1.3	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,505	2,360	1,140	3.7	5.2	2.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,860	2,040	815	3.0	4.5	1.7
25. Library science	120	10	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	480	285	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,740	10,190	1,545	12.4	22.2	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	425	240	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	4,450	3,520	930	4.7	7.7	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,225	1,925	305	2.3	4.2	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,230	2,170	60	2.4	4.7	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,550	1,515	35	1.6	3.3	0.1
48. Precision production	860	820	40	0.9	1.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	895	410	485	0.9	0.9	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	640	265	375	0.7	0.6	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	255	145	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	7,225	1,600	5,620	7.6	3.5	11.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	675	385	290	0.7	0.8	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,420	1,160	5,260	6.8	2.5	10.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,385	1,130	1,255	2.5	2.5	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,595	480	1,110	1.7	1.0	2.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	295	215	80	0.3	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	475	415	55	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	64,885	31,195	33,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,035	9,200	8,840	27.8	29.5	26.2
Education	2,365	480	1,885	3.6	1.5	5.6
13. Education	2,365	480	1,885	3.6	1.5	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,125	915	1,210	3.3	2.9	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	250	180	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,870	735	1,140	2.9	2.4	3.4
Humanities	2,640	810	1,835	4.1	2.6	5.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	535	120	410	0.8	0.4	1.2
23. English language and literature/letters	660	145	510	1.0	0.5	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	820	215	600	1.3	0.7	1.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	115	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	250	135	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	6,300	2,095	4,205	9.7	6.7	12.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	730	265	460	1.1	0.8	1.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	835	75	755	1.3	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	940	230	705	1.4	0.7	2.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	25	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,110	250	860	1.7	0.8	2.6
45. Social sciences	2,530	1,245	1,280	3.9	4.0	3.8
Business, management and public administration	10,790	4,455	6,330	16.6	14.3	18.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	360	80	285	0.6	0.3	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	10,410	4,375	6,035	16.0	14.0	17.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,185	965	1,215	3.4	3.1	3.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	855	285	575	1.3	0.9	1.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	550	215	335	0.8	0.7	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	710	445	265	1.1	1.4	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,060	2,080	975	4.7	6.7	2.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,580	1,860	720	4.0	6.0	2.1
25. Library science	85	10	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	360	195	165	0.6	0.6	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,115	7,795	1,320	14.0	25.0	3.9
04. Architecture and related services	360	205	160	0.6	0.7	0.5
14. Engineering	3,620	2,810	810	5.6	9.0	2.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,625	1,365	260	2.5	4.4	0.8
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,690	1,650	40	2.6	5.3	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,215	1,185	30	1.9	3.8	0.1
48. Precision production	605	580	25	0.9	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	700	295	405	1.1	0.9	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	495	195	300	0.8	0.6	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	205	100	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Health and related fields	5,790	1,265	4,525	8.9	4.1	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	555	340	215	0.9	1.1	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,120	885	4,235	7.9	2.8	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,785	840	945	2.8	2.7	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,185	360	825	1.8	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	235	165	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	345	290	50	0.5	0.9	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	64,885	31,195	33,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,035	9,200	8,840	27.8	29.5	26.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	46,850	22,000	24,850	72.2	70.5	73.8
Location of study inside Canada	29,955	14,530	15,430	46.2	46.6	45.8
Same as province or territory of residence	25,420	12,135	13,290	39.2	38.9	39.4
Different than province or territory of residence	4,535	2,395	2,140	7.0	7.7	6.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	16,895	7,470	9,425	26.0	23.9	28.0
Americas	2,305	1,165	1,140	3.6	3.7	3.4
United States of America	1,350	705	645	2.1	2.3	1.9
Mexico	255	125	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	330	145	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombia	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Peru	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	2,845	1,440	1,405	4.4	4.6	4.2
Belgium	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	95	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	205	80	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romania	340	170	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	440	200	235	0.7	0.6	0.7
Ukraine	225	105	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	90	55	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	675	385	290	1.0	1.2	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	440	215	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Africa	435	210	220	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nigeria	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	250	120	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	10,975	4,495	6,475	16.9	14.4	19.2
Iran⁸⁸	2,110	955	1,155	3.3	3.1	3.4
Iraq	115	65	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Israel	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Turkey	65	50	15	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	2,875	1,205	1,675	4.4	3.9	5.0
Taiwan	375	110	255	0.6	0.4	0.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	470	190	280	0.7	0.6	0.8
Japan	260	65	190	0.4	0.2	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	1,950	735	1,215	3.0	2.4	3.6
Philippines	1,295	440	850	2.0	1.4	2.5
Viet Nam	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	575	275	310	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistan	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	580	250	340	0.9	0.8	1.0
Oceania	340	170	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Australia	255	115	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
New Zealand	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	94,810	45,810	49,005	...	...	...
In the labour force	62,785	32,470	30,310	...	...	...
Employed	57,620	29,940	27,680	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,160	2,530	2,625	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	32,030	13,335	18,690	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.2	70.9	61.9	66.2	70.9	61.9
Employment rate	60.8	65.4	56.5	60.8	65.4	56.5
Unemployment rate	8.2	7.8	8.7	8.2	7.8	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	94,810	45,810	49,000	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	32,710	13,775	18,935	34.5	30.1	38.6
Worked	62,105	32,030	30,070	65.5	69.9	61.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,445	19,790	14,655	36.3	43.2	29.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	27,660	12,245	15,415	29.2	26.7	31.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.5	42.9	40.0	41.5	42.9	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	62,785	32,475	30,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,435	695	740	2.3	2.1	2.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	61,350	31,775	29,575	97.7	97.8	97.6
Employee	51,650	26,045	25,600	82.3	80.2	84.4
Permanent position	44,285	22,825	21,455	70.5	70.3	70.8
Temporary position	7,360	3,220	4,145	11.7	9.9	13.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,670	1,260	1,410	4.3	3.9	4.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,690	1,960	2,730	7.5	6.0	9.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	9,700	5,730	3,970	15.4	17.6	13.1
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	62,785	32,475	30,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,435	695	740	2.3	2.1	2.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	61,350	31,775	29,575	97.7	97.8	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	670	515	150	1.1	1.6	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	12,080	3,955	8,125	19.2	12.2	26.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,480	5,050	1,425	10.3	15.6	4.7
3 Health occupations	4,260	890	3,365	6.8	2.7	11.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,505	2,325	5,180	12.0	7.2	17.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,420	1,155	1,265	3.9	3.6	4.2
6 Sales and service occupations	15,345	6,855	8,495	24.4	21.1	28.0
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	10,155	9,230	925	16.2	28.4	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	565	465	100	0.9	1.4	0.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,875	1,330	545	3.0	4.1	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	62,785	32,475	30,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,435	695	740	2.3	2.1	2.4
All industries¹⁹¹	61,350	31,775	29,575	97.7	97.8	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	295	170	125	0.5	0.5	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	120	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
22 Utilities	475	380	100	0.8	1.2	0.3
23 Construction	5,815	4,920	890	9.3	15.2	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	3,910	2,685	1,220	6.2	8.3	4.0
41 Wholesale trade	2,650	1,730	925	4.2	5.3	3.1
44-45 Retail trade	6,990	3,300	3,690	11.1	10.2	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,895	2,240	655	4.6	6.9	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	2,140	1,430	715	3.4	4.4	2.4
52 Finance and insurance	3,045	1,340	1,700	4.8	4.1	5.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,535	830	710	2.4	2.6	2.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,220	3,615	2,605	9.9	11.1	8.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	155	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,235	1,240	1,000	3.6	3.8	3.3
61 Educational services	4,675	1,505	3,170	7.4	4.6	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,160	1,245	5,915	11.4	3.8	19.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,345	685	660	2.1	2.1	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	3,680	1,540	2,135	5.9	4.7	7.0
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,655	1,110	1,550	4.2	3.4	5.1
91 Public administration	3,310	1,600	1,700	5.3	4.9	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	66,780	34,275	32,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	59,960	31,125	28,830	89.8	90.8	88.7
French	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,565	725	840	2.3	2.1	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,565	725	840	2.3	2.1	2.6
English and French	465	135	330	0.7	0.4	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	4,590	2,180	2,405	6.9	6.4	7.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	66,780	34,275	32,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	65,735	33,765	31,965	98.4	98.5	98.3
Official languages	62,785	32,360	30,420	94.0	94.4	93.6
English	62,605	32,310	30,295	93.7	94.3	93.2
French	180	55	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official languages	2,950	1,410	1,545	4.4	4.1	4.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,950	1,410	1,545	4.4	4.1	4.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	575	285	290	0.9	0.8	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	310	170	140	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	235	130	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	230	120	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	210	110	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	75	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	130	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	700	350	350	1.0	1.0	1.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,520	715	805	2.3	2.1	2.5
Chinese languages	1,520	715	805	2.3	2.1	2.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,085	525	565	1.6	1.5	1.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	420	185	235	0.6	0.5	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,045	510	540	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and French	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	920	450	475	1.4	1.3	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	66,780	34,275	32,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	62,475	32,305	30,170	93.6	94.3	92.8
English	1,345	650	695	2.0	1.9	2.1
French	280	90	190	0.4	0.3	0.6
Non-official language	2,120	1,000	1,120	3.2	2.9	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,120	1,000	1,120	3.2	2.9	3.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	30	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	400	200	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	57,625	29,940	27,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,240	6,945	7,290	24.7	23.2	26.3
Worked outside Canada	340	220	120	0.6	0.7	0.4
No fixed workplace address	8,125	6,040	2,085	14.1	20.2	7.5
Usual place of work	34,920	16,735	18,185	60.6	55.9	65.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	34,920	16,730	18,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,245	4,385	5,860	29.3	26.2	32.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	24,100	12,000	12,100	69.0	71.7	66.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	480	290	185	1.4	1.7	1.0
Commute to a different province or territory	90	55	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	43,045	22,770	20,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	35,845	19,700	16,145	83.3	86.5	79.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,975	18,735	14,240	76.6	82.3	70.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,870	965	1,905	6.7	4.2	9.4
Public transit	4,305	1,785	2,525	10.0	7.8	12.5
Walked	1,735	655	1,080	4.0	2.9	5.3
Bicycle	350	250	105	0.8	1.1	0.5
Other method	810	385	425	1.9	1.7	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	43,045	22,770	20,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,640	4,280	5,365	22.4	18.8	26.5
15 to 29 minutes	12,455	5,950	6,505	28.9	26.1	32.1
30 to 44 minutes	10,260	6,115	4,145	23.8	26.9	20.4
45 to 59 minutes	5,815	3,635	2,185	13.5	16.0	10.8
60 minutes and over	4,875	2,795	2,080	11.3	12.3	10.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	43,045	22,770	20,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	3,050	2,295	755	7.1	10.1	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,470	4,825	2,645	17.4	21.2	13.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,110	5,165	4,945	23.5	22.7	24.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,430	3,780	4,650	19.6	16.6	22.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,725	3,520	4,210	17.9	15.5	20.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,255	3,175	3,075	14.5	13.9	15.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,825	11,705	11,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,285	665	620	5.6	5.7	5.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	21,540	11,040	10,500	94.4	94.3	94.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,805	8,670	8,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	980	520	460	5.8	6.0	5.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	610	320	285	3.6	3.7	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	375	200	175	2.2	2.3	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,825	8,150	7,675	94.2	94.0	94.3

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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