Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Chilliwack--HopeMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,080	58,595	60,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21,110	10,910	10,200	17.7	18.6	16.9
0 to 4 years	6,595	3,390	3,205	5.5	5.8	5.3
5 to 9 years	7,085	3,655	3,430	5.9	6.2	5.7
10 to 14 years	7,430	3,865	3,570	6.2	6.6	5.9
15 to 64 years	72,000	35,585	36,415	60.5	60.7	60.2
15 to 19 years	6,755	3,510	3,245	5.7	6.0	5.4
20 to 24 years	5,845	2,965	2,875	4.9	5.1	4.8
25 to 29 years	6,525	3,295	3,230	5.5	5.6	5.3
30 to 34 years	7,215	3,570	3,645	6.1	6.1	6.0
35 to 39 years	7,800	3,900	3,895	6.6	6.7	6.4
40 to 44 years	6,855	3,335	3,515	5.8	5.7	5.8
45 to 49 years	6,845	3,365	3,480	5.7	5.7	5.8
50 to 54 years	7,330	3,570	3,760	6.2	6.1	6.2
55 to 59 years	8,235	4,010	4,230	6.9	6.8	7.0
60 to 64 years	8,600	4,065	4,535	7.2	6.9	7.5
65 years and over	25,970	12,100	13,870	21.8	20.7	22.9
65 to 69 years	7,765	3,685	4,080	6.5	6.3	6.7
70 to 74 years	6,975	3,350	3,625	5.9	5.7	6.0
75 to 79 years	4,980	2,350	2,630	4.2	4.0	4.3
80 to 84 years	3,195	1,470	1,720	2.7	2.5	2.8
85 years and over	3,060	1,250	1,810	2.6	2.1	3.0
85 to 89 years	1,915	855	1,065	1.6	1.5	1.8
90 to 94 years	895	335	560	0.8	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	220	60	160	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.7	18.6	16.9	17.7	18.6	16.9
15 to 64 years	60.5	60.7	60.2	60.5	60.7	60.2
65 years and over	21.8	20.7	22.9	21.8	20.7	22.9
85 years and over	2.6	2.1	3.0	2.6	2.1	3.0
Average age of the population	42.7	41.7	43.6	42.7	41.7	43.6
Median age of the population	43.2	41.6	44.4	43.2	41.6	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,400	...	...	58.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,695	...	...	3.6	...	...
Row house	6,060	...	...	12.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,765	...	...	3.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,660	...	...	16.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	285	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,985	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,770	...	...	27.2	...	...
2 persons	17,115	...	...	36.5	...	...
3 persons	6,460	...	...	13.8	...	...
4 persons	5,750	...	...	12.3	...	...
5 or more persons	4,835	...	...	10.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	116,975	57,610	59,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	97,970	47,690	50,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	57,780	28,875	28,905	59.0	60.5	57.5
Married	48,060	24,050	24,010	49.1	50.4	47.8
Living common-law	9,720	4,825	4,895	9.9	10.1	9.7
Living common law - Never married	6,395	3,230	3,165	6.5	6.8	6.3
Living common law - Separated	675	335	340	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,310	1,140	1,165	2.4	2.4	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	340	115	230	0.3	0.2	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	40,190	18,815	21,375	41.0	39.5	42.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,120	13,330	10,790	24.6	28.0	21.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,095	1,340	1,755	3.2	2.8	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	6,900	2,700	4,205	7.0	5.7	8.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,075	1,450	4,630	6.2	3.0	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	18,500	...	...	55.0	...	...
3 persons	6,360	...	...	18.9	...	...
4 persons	5,525	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	3,270	...	...	9.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,650	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,265	...	...	84.0	...	...
Married couples	23,400	...	...	69.5	...	...
With children⁶	11,045	...	...	32.8	...	...
Without children	12,355	...	...	36.7	...	...
Common-law couples	4,860	...	...	14.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,930	...	...	5.7	...	...
Without children	2,930	...	...	8.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,390	...	...	16.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,070	...	...	12.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,320	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	116,975	57,605	59,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	96,170	47,815	48,350	82.2	83.0	81.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	56,525	28,195	28,330	48.3	48.9	47.7
Parents in one-parent families	5,390	1,315	4,075	4.6	2.3	6.9
Children⁶	34,250	18,305	15,945	29.3	31.8	26.9
In a two-parent family	25,735	13,660	12,075	22.0	23.7	20.3
In a one-parent family	8,515	4,645	3,875	7.3	8.1	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,805	9,790	11,020	17.8	17.0	18.6
Living alone	12,770	5,700	7,070	10.9	9.9	11.9
Living with other relatives⁷	3,010	1,315	1,700	2.6	2.3	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	5,020	2,775	2,245	4.3	4.8	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,105	...	...	59.9	...	...
Couple-family households	24,280	...	...	51.7	...	...
With children⁶	10,935	...	...	23.3	...	...
Without children	13,345	...	...	28.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,830	...	...	8.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,595	...	...	3.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	470	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,105	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,870	...	...	4.0	...	...
One-person households	12,770	...	...	27.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	95,915	46,715	49,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,120	45,320	47,795	97.1	97.0	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	47,600	33,200	39,200	47,600	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	93,180	45,355	47,820	97.1	97.1	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,800	31,200	36,000	42,800	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	81,740	40,815	40,925	85.2	87.4	83.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	44,000	24,000	32,800	44,000	24,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,335	32,790	30,545	66.0	70.2	62.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	48,000	27,400	36,400	48,000	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	78,550	36,050	42,495	81.9	77.2	86.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	9,900	12,600	11,800	9,900	12,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,105	3,410	4,700	8.5	7.3	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,160	5,480	5,480	5,160	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,965	9,380	11,585	21.9	20.1	23.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	95,920	46,705	49,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,050	45,270	47,785	97.0	96.9	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,560	56,900	40,680	48,560	56,900	40,680
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	93,105	45,300	47,800	97.1	97.0	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,160	48,320	36,280	42,160	48,320	36,280
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	81,685	40,625	41,060	85.2	87.0	83.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,640	53,550	33,840	43,640	53,550	33,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,310	32,835	30,480	66.0	70.3	61.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,280	54,250	35,560	45,280	54,250	35,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	78,480	36,055	42,425	81.8	77.2	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,140	11,060	13,040	12,140	11,060	13,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,800	3,235	4,570	8.1	6.9	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,530	5,765	7,080	6,530	5,765	7,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,825	9,350	11,470	21.7	20.0	23.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,920	8,560	9,230	8,920	8,560	9,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	95,920	46,705	49,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,340	18,185	12,155	31.6	38.9	24.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	68,000	50,800	60,000	68,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	73,600	56,300	66,700	73,600	56,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,250	10,445	13,805	25.3	22.4	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,000	20,600	16,200	18,000	20,600	16,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,440	33,120	23,160	27,440	33,120	23,160
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0	84.6	71.6	79.0	84.6	71.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	63.4	69.2	55.8	63.4	69.2	55.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.1	15.5	28.5	21.1	15.5	28.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.7	1.1	0.7	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.0	7.2	5.4	4.0	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.1	5.4	4.1	3.1	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	95,915	46,715	49,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,795	1,390	1,405	2.9	3.0	2.8
With total income	93,120	45,320	47,795	97.1	97.0	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,030	3,300	4,730	8.6	7.3	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	11,980	4,405	7,570	12.9	9.7	15.8
$20,000 to $29,999	15,185	6,125	9,060	16.3	13.5	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	12,475	5,075	7,395	13.4	11.2	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,750	4,925	5,820	11.5	10.9	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,620	4,315	4,305	9.3	9.5	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	6,575	3,835	2,735	7.1	8.5	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,970	3,140	1,830	5.3	6.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,680	2,465	1,220	4.0	5.4	2.6
$90,000 to $99,999	3,100	2,045	1,055	3.3	4.5	2.2
$100,000 and over	7,765	5,695	2,070	8.3	12.6	4.3
$100,000 to $149,999	5,775	4,125	1,650	6.2	9.1	3.5
$150,000 and over	1,990	1,565	420	2.1	3.5	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	95,915	46,715	49,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,730	1,360	1,380	2.9	2.9	2.8
With after-tax income	93,180	45,355	47,820	97.1	97.1	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,385	3,425	4,965	9.0	7.5	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	12,325	4,535	7,790	13.2	10.0	16.3
$20,000 to $29,999	16,965	6,865	10,110	18.2	15.1	21.1
$30,000 to $39,999	14,375	6,125	8,250	15.4	13.5	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	12,000	5,830	6,175	12.9	12.9	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	9,025	4,990	4,040	9.7	11.0	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	6,355	4,040	2,315	6.8	8.9	4.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,625	3,090	1,535	5.0	6.8	3.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,245	2,165	1,080	3.5	4.8	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,985	1,380	605	2.1	3.0	1.3
$100,000 and over	3,885	2,930	950	4.2	6.5	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,230	1,670	560	2.4	3.7	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,660	1,260	395	1.8	2.8	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	95,915	46,715	49,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	32,580	13,925	18,655	34.0	29.8	37.9
With employment income	63,335	32,790	30,545	66.0	70.2	62.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,005	3,965	5,035	14.2	12.1	16.5
$5,000 to $9,999	4,970	1,965	3,005	7.8	6.0	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	7,605	3,055	4,545	12.0	9.3	14.9
$20,000 to $29,999	6,035	2,475	3,560	9.5	7.5	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,305	2,750	3,560	10.0	8.4	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	5,595	2,745	2,855	8.8	8.4	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,060	2,715	2,345	8.0	8.3	7.7
$60,000 to $69,999	4,295	2,700	1,595	6.8	8.2	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	3,480	2,375	1,100	5.5	7.2	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	1,990	870	4.5	6.1	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,455	1,665	795	3.9	5.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	5,670	4,385	1,285	9.0	13.4	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,060	2,285	775	4.8	7.0	2.5
$125,000 and over	2,610	2,100	510	4.1	6.4	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	95,915	46,715	49,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	90,995	44,225	46,770	94.9	94.7	95.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	46,400	29,800	36,400	46,400	29,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	91,220	44,260	46,965	95.1	94.7	95.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	41,200	27,600	33,200	41,200	27,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	81,165	40,360	40,800	84.6	86.4	82.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	44,400	25,200	33,200	44,400	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,475	34,110	32,365	69.3	73.0	65.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	46,000	26,400	34,400	46,000	26,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,375	27,275	37,100	67.1	58.4	75.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,200	9,400	9,300	9,200	9,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,360	2,635	3,725	6.6	5.6	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	4,920	5,520	5,280	4,920	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	95,920	46,705	49,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,105	44,255	46,850	95.0	94.8	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,040	55,000	37,560	46,040	55,000	37,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	91,370	44,300	47,075	95.3	94.9	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,320	46,040	33,000	39,320	46,040	33,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	81,285	40,200	41,085	84.7	86.1	83.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,560	53,850	33,560	43,560	53,850	33,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,515	34,025	32,485	69.3	72.9	66.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,320	52,600	33,560	43,320	52,600	33,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,500	27,325	37,170	67.2	58.5	75.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,090	9,870	10,240	10,090	9,870	10,240
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,205	2,585	3,615	6.5	5.5	7.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,095	7,640	7,000	6,095	7,640
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	95,920	46,705	49,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	30,175	18,070	12,100	31.5	38.7	24.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	64,000	46,400	56,400	64,000	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,950	70,500	51,650	62,950	70,500	51,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	22,925	9,810	13,115	23.9	21.0	26.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,200	26,600	21,000	23,200	26,600	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,560	39,560	27,320	32,560	39,560	27,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.4	89.0	78.4	84.4	89.0	78.4
Employment income (%)	68.8	73.6	62.0	68.8	73.6	62.0
Government transfers (%)	15.5	11.1	21.6	15.5	11.1	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.6	1.0	0.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,770	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,300	...	...	96,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,600	...	...	83,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,920	...	...	46,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,240	...	...	41,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	114,800	...	...	114,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,500	...	...	99,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	225	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,120	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,125	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,550	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,625	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,950	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,930	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,845	...	...	3.9	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,745	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,370	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,115	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,885	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,730	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	17,895	...	...	38.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,655	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,150	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,675	...	...	10.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,415	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,920	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	235	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	435	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,150	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,200	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,785	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,835	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,215	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,150	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,135	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,250	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,735	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,565	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,320	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,010	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	14,450	...	...	30.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,690	...	...	12.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,625	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,125	...	...	10.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	75,500	...	...	75,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	13,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,790	8,475	9,315	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	39,200	34,000	36,000	39,200	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	36,000	32,000	33,600	36,000	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,870	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,600	...	...	113,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,300	...	...	98,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,900	...	...	98,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,200	...	...	85,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,105	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	143,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,100	...	...	123,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,200	...	...	75,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,700	...	...	67,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,690	8,395	9,290	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,320	46,640	42,240	44,320	46,640	42,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,160	40,720	37,720	39,160	40,720	37,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	116,975	57,605	59,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	25,280	13,065	12,215	21.6	22.7	20.6
0 to 5 years	7,980	4,140	3,840	6.8	7.2	6.5
18 to 64 years	67,055	32,930	34,130	57.3	57.2	57.5
65 years and over	24,635	11,615	13,020	21.1	20.2	21.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,670	5,805	6,865	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,895	1,475	1,425	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	905	465	435	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,115	2,865	3,250	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,655	1,460	2,195	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.1	11.6	10.8	10.1	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.3	11.7	11.5	11.3	11.7
0 to 5 years (%)	11.3	11.3	11.4	11.3	11.3	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.7	9.5	9.1	8.7	9.5
65 years and over (%)	14.8	12.6	16.9	14.8	12.6	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	110,010	54,305	55,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	24,190	12,515	11,675	22.0	23.0	21.0
0 to 5 years	7,625	3,970	3,655	6.9	7.3	6.6
18 to 64 years	64,035	31,485	32,550	58.2	58.0	58.4
65 years and over	21,785	10,305	11,480	19.8	19.0	20.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,605	1,825	1,775	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	775	375	395	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	210	115	95	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,465	1,290	1,170	...	...	...
65 years and over	370	165	205	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.4	3.2	3.3	3.4	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.0	3.4	3.2	3.0	3.4
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.8	4.1	3.6	3.8	4.1	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.7	1.6	1.8	1.7	1.6	1.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	116,975	57,605	59,370	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	61,190	29,310	31,885	52.3	50.9	53.7
In bottom decile	11,675	5,500	6,170	10.0	9.5	10.4
In second decile	11,975	5,490	6,485	10.2	9.5	10.9
In third decile	12,255	5,865	6,390	10.5	10.2	10.8
In fourth decile	12,810	6,315	6,495	11.0	11.0	10.9
In fifth decile	12,475	6,130	6,345	10.7	10.6	10.7
In top half of the distribution	55,785	28,300	27,485	47.7	49.1	46.3
In sixth decile	12,285	6,110	6,175	10.5	10.6	10.4
In seventh decile	11,830	5,990	5,840	10.1	10.4	9.8
In eighth decile	11,730	6,025	5,705	10.0	10.5	9.6
In ninth decile	11,135	5,635	5,505	9.5	9.8	9.3
In top decile	8,805	4,545	4,265	7.5	7.9	7.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	116,975	...	...	116,975	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.303	...	...	0.303	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.424	...	...	0.424	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,080	58,100	59,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	112,185	55,500	56,685	95.0	95.5	94.5
French only	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	4,975	2,165	2,805	4.2	3.7	4.7
Neither English nor French	880	420	460	0.7	0.7	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,080	58,100	59,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	116,025	57,100	58,920	98.3	98.3	98.2
French	1,045	525	525	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	850	405	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,080	58,100	59,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	115,800	57,010	58,790	98.1	98.1	98.0
Official languages	102,865	50,890	51,975	87.1	87.6	86.7
English	101,715	50,315	51,395	86.1	86.6	85.7
French	1,155	575	575	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	12,935	6,115	6,815	11.0	10.5	11.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,845	6,080	6,770	10.9	10.5	11.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	250	140	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	250	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	185	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	510	250	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	495	245	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	875	350	520	0.7	0.6	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	675	270	410	0.6	0.5	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,935	4,305	4,635	7.6	7.4	7.7
Albanian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	980	415	565	0.8	0.7	0.9
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	955	405	555	0.8	0.7	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	265	105	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	250	95	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	150	55	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,225	2,005	2,220	3.6	3.5	3.7
Frisian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,260	1,065	1,190	1.9	1.8	2.0
German	2,205	1,040	1,170	1.9	1.8	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,730	835	900	1.5	1.4	1.5
Afrikaans	150	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,490	720	775	1.3	1.2	1.3
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	210	90	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	115	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,030	1,035	995	1.7	1.8	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,795	905	885	1.5	1.6	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,275	645	630	1.1	1.1	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	180	85	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	235	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	205	115	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	150	90	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,575	785	795	1.3	1.4	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	245	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	290	150	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Spanish	900	445	455	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	135	40	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	505	230	270	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,030	485	550	0.9	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	990	460	525	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	620	275	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	295	155	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	270	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,280	1,095	1,180	1.9	1.9	2.0
English and French	370	180	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,690	820	870	1.4	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,080	58,100	59,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	106,065	52,415	53,650	89.8	90.2	89.5
French	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	2,705	1,340	1,365	2.3	2.3	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,700	1,340	1,365	2.3	2.3	2.3
English and French	685	325	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	8,010	3,730	4,275	6.8	6.4	7.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	80	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,080	58,100	59,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	116,465	57,360	59,100	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	111,160	54,745	56,415	94.1	94.2	94.1
English	110,905	54,625	56,280	93.9	94.0	93.8
French	255	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	5,300	2,615	2,685	4.5	4.5	4.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,300	2,610	2,685	4.5	4.5	4.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	375	195	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	370	190	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	390	200	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	305	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,010	1,485	1,530	2.5	2.6	2.6
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	330	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	330	155	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	600	280	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	340	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	330	160	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	250	115	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	150	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,390	685	705	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indo-Aryan languages	1,245	610	635	1.1	1.0	1.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	950	465	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	645	345	305	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	410	225	180	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	390	190	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	695	340	355	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	655	320	335	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	450	215	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	90	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,620	740	875	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,475	670	800	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,080	58,100	59,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	110,345	54,470	55,875	93.4	93.8	93.2
English	2,125	1,025	1,095	1.8	1.8	1.8
French	545	255	290	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	4,235	1,940	2,300	3.6	3.3	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	4,125	1,890	2,230	3.5	3.3	3.7
English and French	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	285	160	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	400	190	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	116,990	57,600	59,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	116,200	57,250	58,950	99.3	99.4	99.3
English	116,155	57,235	58,920	99.3	99.4	99.2
French	5,040	2,230	2,810	4.3	3.9	4.7
Non-official languages	18,265	8,680	9,585	15.6	15.1	16.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	315	125	190	0.3	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	165	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Halkomelem	120	35	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,955	8,555	9,405	15.3	14.9	15.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	390	225	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	390	225	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	330	180	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	575	265	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	575	265	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,240	510	735	1.1	0.9	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	165	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,105	435	675	0.9	0.8	1.1
Waray-Waray	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,960	6,255	6,700	11.1	10.9	11.3
Albanian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,275	580	695	1.1	1.0	1.2
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,255	565	685	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	275	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	510	240	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	105	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	230	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	5,720	2,670	3,050	4.9	4.6	5.1
Frisian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
High German languages	3,105	1,465	1,640	2.7	2.5	2.8
German	3,080	1,445	1,630	2.6	2.5	2.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,465	1,155	1,310	2.1	2.0	2.2
Afrikaans	280	140	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	2,115	975	1,140	1.8	1.7	1.9
Low German, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	105	65	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	335	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	140	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,110	1,575	1,535	2.7	2.7	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,810	1,390	1,420	2.4	2.4	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,100	540	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Kacchi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,990	1,000	985	1.7	1.7	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	285	120	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	335	195	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	325	190	125	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dari	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	290	170	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,105	1,560	1,545	2.7	2.7	2.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	355	165	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	405	210	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	355	180	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	2,145	1,085	1,065	1.8	1.9	1.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	265	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	555	260	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	195	115	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	180	70	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	170	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,365	710	655	1.2	1.2	1.1
Chinese languages	1,300	680	620	1.1	1.2	1.0
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	940	470	470	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	465	265	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	85	65	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	75	55	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	355	155	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	270	105	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,990	57,605	59,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	11,890	5,665	6,225	10.2	9.8	10.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	11,455	5,485	5,970	9.8	9.5	10.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	8,225	3,970	4,260	7.0	6.9	7.2
Métis	3,150	1,485	1,670	2.7	2.6	2.8
Inuk (Inuit)	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	230	95	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	205	80	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	105,100	51,935	53,160	89.8	90.2	89.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	116,990	57,605	59,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	6,180	2,900	3,280	5.3	5.0	5.5
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	110,815	54,700	56,110	94.7	95.0	94.5
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	34,845	...	...	74.3	...	...
Renter	11,575	...	...	24.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	505	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	8,755	...	...	18.7	...	...
Not condominium	38,175	...	...	81.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	290	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	5,015	...	...	10.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	12,785	...	...	27.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,690	...	...	31.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	14,140	...	...	30.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,335	...	...	24.2	...	...
5 rooms	7,775	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	7,205	...	...	15.4	...	...
7 rooms	5,800	...	...	12.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	14,810	...	...	31.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	46,280	...	...	98.6	...	...
More than one person per room	645	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,955	...	...	95.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,970	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,155	...	...	11.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,670	...	...	22.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,645	...	...	12.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,610	...	...	18.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,325	...	...	7.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,075	...	...	10.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,265	...	...	7.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,185	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,440	...	...	94.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,485	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,485	...	...	47.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,730	...	...	46.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,710	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	985	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,655	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,575	...	...	16.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	7,780	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,435	...	...	20.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,595	...	...	18.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	5,185	...	...	11.0	...	...
85 years and over	1,720	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	43,070	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,060	...	...	79.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	9,010	...	...	20.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	8,260	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	12,175	...	...	25.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	7,980	...	...	17.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,400	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,605	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	310	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	660	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	55	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	34,750	...	...	74.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	42,325	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,130	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	38,195	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,965	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	61.5	...	...	61.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,260	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,432	...	...	1,432	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	700,000	...	...	700,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	751,000	...	...	751,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,210	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.6	...	...	10.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	38.2	...	...	38.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.8	...	...	24.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,298	...	...	1,298	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	510	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	17.8	...	...	17.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	524	...	...	524	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	522	...	...	522	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	116,990	57,600	59,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	5,060	2,490	2,575	4.3	4.3	4.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,995	2,465	2,525	4.3	4.3	4.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	4,540	2,240	2,300	3.9	3.9	3.9
Métis single ancestry	440	220	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	70	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,980	3,390	3,585	6.0	5.9	6.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,770	3,280	3,490	5.8	5.7	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,800	2,300	2,500	4.1	4.0	4.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,915	960	955	1.6	1.7	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	210	110	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	200	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	104,950	51,720	53,225	89.7	89.8	89.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	116,990	57,605	59,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	111,860	55,145	56,715	95.6	95.7	95.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	24,585	12,695	11,890	21.0	22.0	20.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	87,275	42,445	44,825	74.6	73.7	75.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,130	2,460	2,670	4.4	4.3	4.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	116,990	57,605	59,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	99,450	49,235	50,220	85.0	85.5	84.6
Immigrants⁸¹	16,705	7,930	8,770	14.3	13.8	14.8
Before 1980	5,855	2,785	3,065	5.0	4.8	5.2
1980 to 1990	2,070	1,000	1,070	1.8	1.7	1.8
1991 to 2000	2,315	1,040	1,275	2.0	1.8	2.1
2001 to 2010	2,970	1,435	1,530	2.5	2.5	2.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,490	1,665	1,830	3.0	2.9	3.1
2011 to 2015	1,765	880	885	1.5	1.5	1.5
2016 to 2021	1,725	790	935	1.5	1.4	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	835	440	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,705	7,930	8,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,950	925	1,025	11.7	11.7	11.7
5 to 14 years	3,385	1,705	1,675	20.3	21.5	19.1
15 to 24 years	3,655	1,735	1,925	21.9	21.9	21.9
25 to 44 years	6,415	3,010	3,405	38.4	38.0	38.8
45 years and over	1,295	555	740	7.8	7.0	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,705	7,930	8,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,560	1,185	1,370	15.3	14.9	15.6
Brazil	210	115	90	1.3	1.5	1.0
Colombia	105	40	75	0.6	0.5	0.9
El Salvador	170	95	75	1.0	1.2	0.9
Guyana	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	80	45	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Mexico	210	65	140	1.3	0.8	1.6
Peru	40	20	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
United States of America	1,285	555	730	7.7	7.0	8.3
Other places of birth in Americas	395	210	190	2.4	2.6	2.2
Europe	7,730	3,755	3,970	46.3	47.4	45.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	75	30	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
France	60	20	40	0.4	0.3	0.5
Germany	995	485	510	6.0	6.1	5.8
Greece	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Hungary	160	70	95	1.0	0.9	1.1
Italy	95	45	50	0.6	0.6	0.6
Netherlands	1,500	730	770	9.0	9.2	8.8
Poland	265	110	155	1.6	1.4	1.8
Portugal	80	35	45	0.5	0.4	0.5
Romania	285	155	130	1.7	2.0	1.5
Russian Federation	150	60	90	0.9	0.8	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	145	70	75	0.9	0.9	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,850	1,445	1,410	17.1	18.2	16.1
Other places of birth in Europe	955	440	515	5.7	5.5	5.9
Africa	810	425	385	4.8	5.4	4.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	35	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egypt	65	50	20	0.4	0.6	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	65	35	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	380	195	190	2.3	2.5	2.2
Other places of birth in Africa	250	120	130	1.5	1.5	1.5
Asia	5,180	2,360	2,830	31.0	29.8	32.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	230	130	100	1.4	1.6	1.1
Iraq	55	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	75	40	40	0.4	0.5	0.5
Turkey	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	585	285	295	3.5	3.6	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	80	45	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	345	170	165	2.1	2.1	1.9
Taiwan	130	60	65	0.8	0.8	0.7
Philippines	1,070	410	660	6.4	5.2	7.5
Viet Nam	485	220	260	2.9	2.8	3.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,290	605	685	7.7	7.6	7.8
Pakistan	150	75	70	0.9	0.9	0.8
Sri Lanka	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	610	235	375	3.7	3.0	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	425	205	220	2.5	2.6	2.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,725	790	935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	295	130	165	17.1	16.5	17.6
Brazil	70	40	40	4.1	5.1	4.3
Colombia	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	10	0.9	1.3	1.1
Mexico	40	20	20	2.3	2.5	2.1
United States of America	115	45	70	6.7	5.7	7.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	15	2.3	2.5	1.6
Europe	325	165	155	18.8	20.9	16.6
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	10	0.9	1.3	1.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Ukraine	35	20	15	2.0	2.5	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	100	65	35	5.8	8.2	3.7
Other places of birth in Europe	140	65	75	8.1	8.2	8.0
Africa	105	45	70	6.1	5.7	7.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	25	0	15	1.4	0.0	1.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	20	35	2.9	2.5	3.7
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	1.4	1.3	1.6
Asia	950	420	535	55.1	53.2	57.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	140	70	75	8.1	8.9	8.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	280	140	145	16.2	17.7	15.5
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	1.2	1.3	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	35	3.2	3.2	3.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	15	0	15	0.9	0.0	1.6
Pakistan	35	20	15	2.0	2.5	1.6
Philippines	210	65	140	12.2	8.2	15.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	1.4	1.9	1.1
Syria⁸⁹	50	30	15	2.9	3.8	1.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	40	15	20	2.3	1.9	2.1
Other places of birth in Asia	40	20	25	2.3	2.5	2.7
Oceania and other⁹³	50	30	15	2.9	3.8	1.6
Australia	30	20	10	1.7	2.5	1.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	10	1.2	1.3	1.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	116,990	57,605	59,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	18,710	8,925	9,785	16.0	15.5	16.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	24,165	11,970	12,190	20.7	20.8	20.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	74,120	36,705	37,415	63.4	63.7	63.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,850	5,140	5,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,435	2,800	2,630	50.1	54.5	46.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,255	1,505	745	20.8	29.3	13.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,180	1,300	1,885	29.3	25.3	33.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,960	1,610	2,360	36.5	31.3	41.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,345	700	645	12.4	13.6	11.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	105	25	75	1.0	0.5	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,850	5,140	5,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	250	135	110	2.3	2.6	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,685	805	890	15.5	15.7	15.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	390	210	180	3.6	4.1	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	450	225	220	4.1	4.4	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	65	35	25	0.6	0.7	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,005	3,730	4,280	73.8	72.6	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	116,990	57,600	59,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,220	5,980	6,235	10.4	10.4	10.5
South Asian	3,370	1,680	1,690	2.9	2.9	2.8
Chinese	1,610	850	760	1.4	1.5	1.3
Black	1,090	530	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Filipino	1,640	675	965	1.4	1.2	1.6
Arab	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	1,155	590	570	1.0	1.0	1.0
Southeast Asian	1,095	550	545	0.9	1.0	0.9
West Asian	290	170	120	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	575	275	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	415	185	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	500	235	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	104,770	51,620	53,150	89.6	89.6	89.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	116,990	57,605	59,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	14,870	7,590	7,280	12.7	13.2	12.3
English	29,255	14,090	15,160	25.0	24.5	25.5
Irish	18,130	8,360	9,770	15.5	14.5	16.5
Scottish	22,730	10,980	11,750	19.4	19.1	19.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	9,585	4,530	5,055	8.2	7.9	8.5
German	20,735	10,010	10,725	17.7	17.4	18.1
Chinese	1,840	950	890	1.6	1.6	1.5
Italian	3,190	1,650	1,535	2.7	2.9	2.6
Indian (India)	1,805	925	880	1.5	1.6	1.5
Ukrainian	6,255	3,095	3,160	5.3	5.4	5.3
Dutch	12,670	6,330	6,340	10.8	11.0	10.7
Polish	3,295	1,585	1,705	2.8	2.8	2.9
Québécois	160	55	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,920	2,320	2,595	4.2	4.0	4.4
Filipino	1,665	680	985	1.4	1.2	1.7
French Canadian	1,110	510	595	0.9	0.9	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,510	1,225	1,280	2.1	2.1	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,820	2,835	2,985	5.0	4.9	5.0
Métis	2,610	1,300	1,310	2.2	2.3	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,250	1,660	1,585	2.8	2.9	2.7
Russian	4,675	2,325	2,345	4.0	4.0	3.9
Norwegian	4,145	2,015	2,125	3.5	3.5	3.6
Welsh	2,620	1,255	1,365	2.2	2.2	2.3
Portuguese	635	305	330	0.5	0.5	0.6
American	2,040	1,030	1,010	1.7	1.8	1.7
Spanish	855	425	440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Swedish	3,030	1,465	1,570	2.6	2.5	2.6
Hungarian	1,685	820	865	1.4	1.4	1.5
Acadian	155	105	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	220	85	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	450	245	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	460	225	235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	665	320	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Vietnamese	765	405	365	0.7	0.7	0.6
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Greek	360	200	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	245	135	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	785	395	395	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	560	285	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	1,005	515	490	0.9	0.9	0.8
Lebanese	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
Iranian	240	145	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	465	220	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	1,925	845	1,075	1.6	1.5	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,085	530	550	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sikh	450	225	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austrian	1,135	585	560	1.0	1.0	0.9
Belgian	525	275	250	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	180	100	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Mexican	650	325	320	0.6	0.6	0.5
Mennonite	1,830	885	940	1.6	1.5	1.6
Swiss	855	445	405	0.7	0.8	0.7
Finnish	830	420	405	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	350	155	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	660	305	355	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	755	360	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Muslim	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	205	85	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	770	395	365	0.7	0.7	0.6
Colombian	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	425	180	245	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syrian	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	115	70	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	290	125	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	65	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	220	90	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	335	160	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	250	100	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	275	150	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	340	155	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	330	165	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chilean	90	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congolese	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	230	85	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	105	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Venezuelan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	780	355	425	0.7	0.6	0.7
Ecuadorian	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	45	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	250	160	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jatt	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	95	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	145	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cherokee	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	40	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	116,990	57,605	59,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	630	305	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian	52,985	24,305	28,675	45.3	42.2	48.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	19,800	9,365	10,435	16.9	16.3	17.6
Anabaptist	2,225	1,050	1,180	1.9	1.8	2.0
Anglican	3,520	1,520	2,010	3.0	2.6	3.4
Baptist	1,510	730	780	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catholic	10,090	4,580	5,505	8.6	8.0	9.3
Christian Orthodox	575	290	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	725	330	395	0.6	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	490	245	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lutheran	1,560	685	880	1.3	1.2	1.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	220	95	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,625	705	925	1.4	1.2	1.6
Presbyterian	600	250	350	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reformed	2,390	1,115	1,280	2.0	1.9	2.2
United Church	3,560	1,465	2,095	3.0	2.5	3.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	4,080	1,900	2,170	3.5	3.3	3.7
Hindu	675	355	320	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jewish	155	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	815	405	410	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	1,710	875	840	1.5	1.5	1.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	545	275	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,285	535	750	1.1	0.9	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	58,200	30,470	27,730	49.7	52.9	46.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	115,860	57,020	58,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	99,400	49,135	50,265	85.8	86.2	85.4
Movers	16,460	7,885	8,570	14.2	13.8	14.6
Non-migrants	8,790	4,050	4,740	7.6	7.1	8.1
Migrants	7,665	3,835	3,830	6.6	6.7	6.5
Internal migrants	7,250	3,625	3,625	6.3	6.4	6.2
Intraprovincial migrants	6,170	3,090	3,080	5.3	5.4	5.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,080	535	540	0.9	0.9	0.9
External migrants	420	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	110,445	54,245	56,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	56,945	28,035	28,905	51.6	51.7	51.4
Movers	53,505	26,210	27,295	48.4	48.3	48.6
Non-migrants	20,880	10,295	10,585	18.9	19.0	18.8
Migrants	32,625	15,915	16,705	29.5	29.3	29.7
Internal migrants	30,570	14,940	15,635	27.7	27.5	27.8
Intraprovincial migrants	26,545	12,860	13,685	24.0	23.7	24.4
Interprovincial migrants	4,025	2,075	1,950	3.6	3.8	3.5
External migrants	2,055	975	1,075	1.9	1.8	1.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,915	46,705	49,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,215	10,505	8,710	20.0	22.5	17.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	76,695	36,200	40,495	80.0	77.5	82.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,795	28,610	30,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,190	4,765	3,425	13.9	16.7	11.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	50,605	23,845	26,760	86.1	83.3	88.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	95,915	46,710	49,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,575	8,905	7,670	17.3	19.1	15.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	34,510	16,785	17,720	36.0	35.9	36.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	44,835	21,015	23,815	46.7	45.0	48.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	30,825	14,870	15,950	32.1	31.8	32.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	9,640	7,245	2,390	10.1	15.5	4.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,050	2,430	1,620	4.2	5.2	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,590	4,815	775	5.8	10.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,700	6,195	10,510	17.4	13.3	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,485	1,430	3,055	4.7	3.1	6.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,010	6,145	7,865	14.6	13.2	16.0
Bachelor's degree	9,145	3,865	5,280	9.5	8.3	10.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,420	550	870	1.5	1.2	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	390	230	160	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	2,695	1,270	1,425	2.8	2.7	2.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	370	220	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,795	28,610	30,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,745	3,955	2,790	11.5	13.8	9.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,255	10,320	9,930	34.5	36.1	32.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,795	14,335	17,465	54.1	50.1	57.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	21,220	10,010	11,210	36.1	35.0	37.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,355	4,820	1,535	10.8	16.8	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,625	1,610	1,010	4.5	5.6	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,730	3,210	525	6.3	11.2	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,550	4,175	7,370	19.6	14.6	24.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,320	1,010	2,310	5.6	3.5	7.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,580	4,325	6,255	18.0	15.1	20.7
Bachelor's degree	7,065	2,850	4,215	12.0	10.0	14.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,050	390	660	1.8	1.4	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	300	160	135	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	1,960	820	1,140	3.3	2.9	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	205	105	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	95,920	46,705	49,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,085	25,690	25,390	53.3	55.0	51.6
Education	3,765	995	2,770	3.9	2.1	5.6
13. Education	3,765	995	2,770	3.9	2.1	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,220	470	755	1.3	1.0	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	165	115	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,060	350	705	1.1	0.7	1.4
Humanities	2,385	980	1,400	2.5	2.1	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	15	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	480	110	375	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	660	245	415	0.7	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	535	330	205	0.6	0.7	0.4
54. History	300	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	4,370	1,515	2,860	4.6	3.2	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	100	175	0.3	0.2	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,030	110	920	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	700	180	515	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	720	230	495	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,515	840	675	1.6	1.8	1.4
Business, management and public administration	7,940	2,610	5,335	8.3	5.6	10.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	770	135	635	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,175	2,480	4,690	7.5	5.3	9.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,060	540	515	1.1	1.2	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	450	210	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	130	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	240	170	65	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	20	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,140	700	445	1.2	1.5	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	860	580	280	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	145	30	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	125	85	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,815	9,200	615	10.2	19.7	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	160	110	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,065	890	170	1.1	1.9	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,650	1,515	135	1.7	3.2	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,815	2,705	110	2.9	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,580	2,500	85	2.7	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	1,545	1,480	65	1.6	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,540	910	630	1.6	1.9	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,180	620	555	1.2	1.3	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	365	290	70	0.4	0.6	0.1
Health and related fields	7,980	1,335	6,645	8.3	2.9	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	480	245	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	7,370	990	6,380	7.7	2.1	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	125	95	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,605	1,765	1,835	3.8	3.8	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,080	560	1,515	2.2	1.2	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	90	80	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	635	405	235	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	800	720	75	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,795	28,610	30,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	27,000	14,280	12,720	45.9	49.9	42.1
Education	2,405	555	1,845	4.1	1.9	6.1
13. Education	2,405	555	1,845	4.1	1.9	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	870	310	560	1.5	1.1	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	100	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	765	245	520	1.3	0.9	1.7
Humanities	1,685	645	1,040	2.9	2.3	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	15	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	330	80	250	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	480	150	330	0.8	0.5	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	140	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	320	200	120	0.5	0.7	0.4
54. History	245	90	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,440	1,145	2,300	5.9	4.0	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	80	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	820	100	720	1.4	0.3	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	515	115	400	0.9	0.4	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	575	170	405	1.0	0.6	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,195	620	565	2.0	2.2	1.9
Business, management and public administration	5,705	1,810	3,890	9.7	6.3	12.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	610	95	515	1.0	0.3	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,095	1,715	3,375	8.7	6.0	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	710	310	400	1.2	1.1	1.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	355	155	200	0.6	0.5	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	180	65	115	0.3	0.2	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	130	80	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	920	590	330	1.6	2.1	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	770	535	235	1.3	1.9	0.8
25. Library science	80	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,665	6,170	495	11.3	21.6	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	770	635	135	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,090	975	115	1.9	3.4	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,910	1,815	90	3.2	6.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,705	1,640	65	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	1,075	1,045	30	1.8	3.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,075	605	470	1.8	2.1	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	805	405	395	1.4	1.4	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	270	195	70	0.5	0.7	0.2
Health and related fields	5,755	995	4,760	9.8	3.5	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	385	200	190	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,265	720	4,545	9.0	2.5	15.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	100	70	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,565	1,190	1,370	4.4	4.2	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,460	360	1,100	2.5	1.3	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	525	320	210	0.9	1.1	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	550	490	60	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	58,795	28,610	30,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,000	14,280	12,720	45.9	49.9	42.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,800	14,330	17,465	54.1	50.1	57.9
Location of study inside Canada	27,480	12,325	15,160	46.7	43.1	50.2
Same as province or territory of residence	22,775	9,980	12,795	38.7	34.9	42.4
Different than province or territory of residence	4,710	2,345	2,365	8.0	8.2	7.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,315	2,005	2,305	7.3	7.0	7.6
Americas	1,085	520	565	1.8	1.8	1.9
United States of America	815	415	400	1.4	1.5	1.3
Mexico	95	30	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,155	605	550	2.0	2.1	1.8
Belgium	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germany	120	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	80	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	70	45	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	450	255	195	0.8	0.9	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	125	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	245	135	110	0.4	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	35	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	125	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,685	670	1,015	2.9	2.3	3.4
Iran⁸⁸	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	230	85	150	0.4	0.3	0.5
Taiwan	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	165	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	515	190	325	0.9	0.7	1.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	470	220	250	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	145	75	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	100	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	95,920	46,705	49,210	...	...	...
In the labour force	57,355	30,220	27,135	...	...	...
Employed	53,285	28,305	24,980	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,070	1,915	2,155	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	38,560	16,490	22,075	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.8	64.7	55.1	59.8	64.7	55.1
Employment rate	55.6	60.6	50.8	55.6	60.6	50.8
Unemployment rate	7.1	6.3	7.9	7.1	6.3	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	95,920	46,705	49,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	38,535	16,635	21,895	40.2	35.6	44.5
Worked	57,380	30,070	27,310	59.8	64.4	55.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	31,315	18,830	12,480	32.6	40.3	25.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,070	11,235	14,830	27.2	24.1	30.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	43.5	40.8	42.2	43.5	40.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	57,350	30,220	27,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	930	435	495	1.6	1.4	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	56,425	29,780	26,645	98.4	98.5	98.2
Employee	46,165	23,670	22,495	80.5	78.3	82.9
Permanent position	40,170	21,065	19,105	70.0	69.7	70.4
Temporary position	6,000	2,610	3,390	10.5	8.6	12.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,705	680	1,020	3.0	2.3	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,295	1,925	2,370	7.5	6.4	8.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	10,260	6,115	4,140	17.9	20.2	15.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	57,350	30,220	27,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	930	435	495	1.6	1.4	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	56,425	29,780	26,645	98.4	98.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	560	410	150	1.0	1.4	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,870	1,915	5,960	13.7	6.3	22.0
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,430	1,940	490	4.2	6.4	1.8
3 Health occupations	4,000	705	3,295	7.0	2.3	12.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,570	2,625	4,945	13.2	8.7	18.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,415	515	895	2.5	1.7	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	14,530	6,020	8,505	25.3	19.9	31.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,685	11,660	1,025	22.1	38.6	3.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,780	1,910	870	4.8	6.3	3.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,595	2,085	515	4.5	6.9	1.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	57,350	30,220	27,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	930	435	495	1.6	1.4	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	56,425	29,780	26,645	98.4	98.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,830	1,720	1,110	4.9	5.7	4.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	340	285	60	0.6	0.9	0.2
22 Utilities	240	205	40	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	6,775	5,890	885	11.8	19.5	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	4,700	3,575	1,125	8.2	11.8	4.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,500	1,135	365	2.6	3.8	1.3
44-45 Retail trade	6,870	3,025	3,845	12.0	10.0	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,745	2,200	550	4.8	7.3	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	590	330	260	1.0	1.1	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	1,390	470	920	2.4	1.6	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	955	465	485	1.7	1.5	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,790	1,375	1,415	4.9	4.5	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,625	1,515	1,110	4.6	5.0	4.1
61 Educational services	4,105	1,200	2,905	7.2	4.0	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	6,690	1,125	5,565	11.7	3.7	20.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	880	405	475	1.5	1.3	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,695	1,370	2,325	6.4	4.5	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,760	1,340	1,420	4.8	4.4	5.2
91 Public administration	3,875	2,115	1,760	6.8	7.0	6.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	61,970	32,400	29,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	60,460	31,600	28,860	97.6	97.5	97.6
French	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	285	205	80	0.5	0.6	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	280	200	85	0.5	0.6	0.3
English and French	325	130	195	0.5	0.4	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	810	425	385	1.3	1.3	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	61,970	32,400	29,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	61,785	32,310	29,475	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	61,355	32,025	29,335	99.0	98.8	99.2
English	61,245	31,985	29,260	98.8	98.7	99.0
French	115	40	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	425	285	135	0.7	0.9	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	420	285	130	0.7	0.9	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	55	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	175	130	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	85	55	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	80	65	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	55	50	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	105	70	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	185	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	40	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	140	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	61,970	32,400	29,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	60,990	31,920	29,070	98.4	98.5	98.3
English	165	70	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
French	235	110	125	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	495	250	245	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	485	250	240	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	53,285	28,305	24,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,070	3,665	4,405	15.1	12.9	17.6
Worked outside Canada	90	70	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	9,835	7,345	2,490	18.5	25.9	10.0
Usual place of work	35,295	17,235	18,060	66.2	60.9	72.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	35,295	17,235	18,060	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	21,220	9,210	12,010	60.1	53.4	66.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	10,090	5,210	4,880	28.6	30.2	27.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	3,880	2,725	1,155	11.0	15.8	6.4
Commute to a different province or territory	95	85	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	45,125	24,580	20,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	41,095	22,705	18,400	91.1	92.4	89.5
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,865	21,170	16,700	83.9	86.1	81.3
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,230	1,530	1,700	7.2	6.2	8.3
Public transit	650	245	405	1.4	1.0	2.0
Walked	1,985	830	1,155	4.4	3.4	5.6
Bicycle	485	345	150	1.1	1.4	0.7
Other method	905	460	445	2.0	1.9	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	45,125	24,580	20,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,770	7,535	9,235	37.2	30.7	44.9
15 to 29 minutes	13,905	7,130	6,770	30.8	29.0	32.9
30 to 44 minutes	7,020	4,315	2,700	15.6	17.6	13.1
45 to 59 minutes	2,690	1,830	865	6.0	7.4	4.2
60 minutes and over	4,745	3,765	980	10.5	15.3	4.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	45,125	24,580	20,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,640	3,600	1,035	10.3	14.6	5.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	8,510	5,565	2,945	18.9	22.6	14.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,080	5,680	5,395	24.6	23.1	26.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,500	3,460	5,040	18.8	14.1	24.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,110	2,050	3,055	11.3	8.3	14.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	7,290	4,220	3,065	16.2	17.2	14.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	25,775	13,315	12,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,130	580	550	4.4	4.4	4.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	24,645	12,735	11,910	95.6	95.6	95.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	18,685	9,640	9,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	855	445	410	4.6	4.6	4.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	350	170	175	1.9	1.8	1.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	510	275	235	2.7	2.9	2.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,830	9,195	8,635	95.4	95.4	95.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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