Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Burnaby North--SeymourMore information: British Columbia [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	119,305	58,830	60,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17,440	9,130	8,310	14.6	15.5	13.7
0 to 4 years	5,035	2,660	2,380	4.2	4.5	3.9
5 to 9 years	5,970	3,100	2,875	5.0	5.3	4.8
10 to 14 years	6,435	3,375	3,060	5.4	5.7	5.1
15 to 64 years	80,005	39,560	40,440	67.1	67.2	66.9
15 to 19 years	6,365	3,195	3,175	5.3	5.4	5.2
20 to 24 years	7,865	4,135	3,730	6.6	7.0	6.2
25 to 29 years	8,020	4,190	3,830	6.7	7.1	6.3
30 to 34 years	8,150	4,150	3,990	6.8	7.1	6.6
35 to 39 years	8,420	4,175	4,245	7.1	7.1	7.0
40 to 44 years	8,095	3,855	4,240	6.8	6.6	7.0
45 to 49 years	8,175	3,935	4,240	6.9	6.7	7.0
50 to 54 years	8,365	3,980	4,385	7.0	6.8	7.3
55 to 59 years	8,475	4,085	4,390	7.1	6.9	7.3
60 to 64 years	8,075	3,860	4,215	6.8	6.6	7.0
65 years and over	21,865	10,145	11,720	18.3	17.2	19.4
65 to 69 years	6,500	3,165	3,330	5.4	5.4	5.5
70 to 74 years	5,495	2,580	2,910	4.6	4.4	4.8
75 to 79 years	3,955	1,860	2,095	3.3	3.2	3.5
80 to 84 years	2,955	1,290	1,660	2.5	2.2	2.7
85 years and over	2,965	1,240	1,725	2.5	2.1	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,840	800	1,040	1.5	1.4	1.7
90 to 94 years	885	375	510	0.7	0.6	0.8
95 to 99 years	210	65	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.6	15.5	13.7	14.6	15.5	13.7
15 to 64 years	67.1	67.2	66.9	67.1	67.2	66.9
65 years and over	18.3	17.2	19.4	18.3	17.2	19.4
85 years and over	2.5	2.1	2.9	2.5	2.1	2.9
Average age of the population	42.3	41.2	43.3	42.3	41.2	43.3
Median age of the population	42.0	40.4	43.6	42.0	40.4	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	15,840	...	...	33.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	880	...	...	1.9	...	...
Row house	3,675	...	...	7.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	8,965	...	...	19.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,455	...	...	18.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	9,040	...	...	19.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	60	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	46,930	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,265	...	...	26.1	...	...
2 persons	15,405	...	...	32.8	...	...
3 persons	8,030	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	7,515	...	...	16.0	...	...
5 or more persons	3,710	...	...	7.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	117,675	58,090	59,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	101,865	49,700	52,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	59,355	29,585	29,770	58.3	59.5	57.1
Married	51,080	25,435	25,645	50.1	51.2	49.2
Living common-law	8,275	4,150	4,125	8.1	8.4	7.9
Living common law - Never married	6,455	3,265	3,195	6.3	6.6	6.1
Living common law - Separated	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,465	705	755	1.4	1.4	1.4
Living common law - Widowed	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Not married and not living common-law	42,510	20,115	22,400	41.7	40.5	42.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	29,900	16,185	13,715	29.4	32.6	26.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,175	900	1,280	2.1	1.8	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,655	2,085	3,565	5.6	4.2	6.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,780	945	3,840	4.7	1.9	7.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	33,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	16,235	...	...	48.4	...	...
3 persons	7,915	...	...	23.6	...	...
4 persons	7,550	...	...	22.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,855	...	...	5.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	33,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	28,830	...	...	85.9	...	...
Married couples	24,690	...	...	73.6	...	...
With children⁶	14,455	...	...	43.1	...	...
Without children	10,235	...	...	30.5	...	...
Common-law couples	4,140	...	...	12.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,190	...	...	3.5	...	...
Without children	2,940	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,725	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,750	...	...	11.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	970	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	117,675	58,090	59,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	96,035	47,735	48,305	81.6	82.2	81.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	57,660	28,825	28,840	49.0	49.6	48.4
Parents in one-parent families	4,725	970	3,755	4.0	1.7	6.3
Children⁶	33,655	17,945	15,715	28.6	30.9	26.4
In a two-parent family	26,925	14,255	12,670	22.9	24.5	21.3
In a one-parent family	6,735	3,690	3,045	5.7	6.4	5.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	21,635	10,360	11,280	18.4	17.8	18.9
Living alone	12,265	5,640	6,630	10.4	9.7	11.1
Living with other relatives⁷	3,000	1,135	1,865	2.5	2.0	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	6,375	3,590	2,785	5.4	6.2	4.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	28,265	...	...	60.2	...	...
Couple-family households	24,555	...	...	52.3	...	...
With children⁶	13,445	...	...	28.7	...	...
Without children	11,110	...	...	23.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,710	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,610	...	...	3.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	490	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,810	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,485	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	12,265	...	...	26.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	100,260	48,975	51,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,270	47,535	49,740	97.0	97.1	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	51,600	39,200	44,400	51,600	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	97,315	47,565	49,745	97.1	97.1	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	46,000	36,000	40,400	46,000	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	89,425	44,045	45,375	89.2	89.9	88.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	49,200	32,400	40,000	49,200	32,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	70,495	35,730	34,765	70.3	73.0	67.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	52,400	36,800	44,000	52,400	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,415	34,610	41,805	76.2	70.7	81.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,100	9,000	8,700	8,100	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,285	3,115	4,170	7.3	6.4	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,720	5,480	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,965	12,560	13,405	25.9	25.6	26.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,500	8,000	8,000	8,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	100,035	48,910	51,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,060	47,465	49,590	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	63,550	75,300	52,300	63,550	75,300	52,300
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	97,100	47,505	49,595	97.1	97.1	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,550	59,500	43,960	51,550	59,500	43,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	89,030	43,920	45,110	89.0	89.8	88.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,500	73,700	47,720	60,500	73,700	47,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	70,285	35,665	34,620	70.3	72.9	67.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	61,100	72,600	49,200	61,100	72,600	49,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,105	34,465	41,645	76.1	70.5	81.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,260	9,870	10,590	10,260	9,870	10,590
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,285	3,170	4,115	7.3	6.5	8.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,660	5,835	7,300	6,660	5,835	7,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,975	12,570	13,405	26.0	25.7	26.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,370	9,220	9,510	9,370	9,220	9,510
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	100,035	48,910	51,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,660	19,030	14,630	33.6	38.9	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	76,000	82,000	68,500	76,000	82,000	68,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	95,900	107,500	80,900	95,900	107,500	80,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	28,225	12,750	15,475	28.2	26.1	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,400	20,000	17,000	18,400	20,000	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,200	35,480	27,680	31,200	35,480	27,680
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.4	90.4	83.0	87.4	90.4	83.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.6	72.4	65.8	69.6	72.4	65.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.7	9.5	17.0	12.7	9.5	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.5	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.8	6.1	4.8	3.8	6.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.2	4.9	4.0	3.2	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	100,260	48,975	51,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,990	1,440	1,550	3.0	2.9	3.0
With total income	97,270	47,535	49,740	97.0	97.1	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,580	4,750	5,835	10.9	10.0	11.7
$10,000 to $19,999	10,185	4,420	5,760	10.5	9.3	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	13,240	5,540	7,700	13.6	11.7	15.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,375	4,395	5,980	10.7	9.2	12.0
$40,000 to $49,999	9,120	4,060	5,055	9.4	8.5	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	8,000	3,580	4,415	8.2	7.5	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	6,485	3,195	3,290	6.7	6.7	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	5,425	2,900	2,525	5.6	6.1	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	4,405	2,385	2,020	4.5	5.0	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	3,695	2,010	1,690	3.8	4.2	3.4
$100,000 and over	15,765	10,290	5,475	16.2	21.6	11.0
$100,000 to $149,999	9,325	5,660	3,660	9.6	11.9	7.4
$150,000 and over	6,445	4,625	1,815	6.6	9.7	3.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	100,260	48,975	51,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,945	1,405	1,540	2.9	2.9	3.0
With after-tax income	97,315	47,565	49,745	97.1	97.1	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	10,985	4,905	6,075	11.3	10.3	12.2
$10,000 to $19,999	10,605	4,610	6,000	10.9	9.7	12.1
$20,000 to $29,999	14,820	6,215	8,610	15.2	13.1	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	11,950	5,210	6,745	12.3	11.0	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	10,630	4,730	5,900	10.9	9.9	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	8,860	4,290	4,570	9.1	9.0	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	6,930	3,690	3,240	7.1	7.7	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	5,335	2,915	2,425	5.5	6.1	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	4,235	2,415	1,820	4.4	5.1	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	3,015	1,785	1,225	3.1	3.8	2.5
$100,000 and over	9,940	6,800	3,140	10.2	14.3	6.3
$100,000 to $124,999	4,550	2,915	1,635	4.7	6.1	3.3
$125,000 and over	5,395	3,890	1,505	5.5	8.2	3.0
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	100,260	48,975	51,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,765	13,240	16,525	29.7	27.0	32.2
With employment income	70,495	35,730	34,765	70.3	73.0	67.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	9,680	4,465	5,215	13.7	12.5	15.0
$5,000 to $9,999	5,615	2,375	3,240	8.0	6.7	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,290	3,250	4,040	10.3	9.1	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,420	2,440	2,980	7.7	6.8	8.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,115	2,300	2,820	7.3	6.4	8.1
$40,000 to $49,999	5,250	2,415	2,830	7.4	6.8	8.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,225	2,390	2,835	7.4	6.7	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	4,500	2,315	2,185	6.4	6.5	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,825	2,015	1,810	5.4	5.6	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	3,330	1,815	1,510	4.7	5.1	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,935	1,620	1,310	4.2	4.5	3.8
$100,000 and over	12,320	8,330	3,985	17.5	23.3	11.5
$100,000 to $124,999	4,685	2,860	1,825	6.6	8.0	5.2
$125,000 and over	7,630	5,465	2,165	10.8	15.3	6.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	100,260	48,975	51,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	93,930	45,840	48,090	93.7	93.6	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	50,800	37,200	43,200	50,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	94,115	45,890	48,225	93.9	93.7	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	44,800	33,600	38,400	44,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	87,985	43,390	44,595	87.8	88.6	86.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,200	49,600	34,400	41,200	49,600	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	72,280	36,480	35,805	72.1	74.5	69.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,800	36,400	42,400	50,800	36,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	59,655	25,390	34,265	59.5	51.8	66.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,400	1,880	4,360	3,400	1,880	4,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,410	1,750	2,660	4.4	3.6	5.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,560	6,320	5,520	4,560	6,320
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	100,035	48,910	51,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,575	45,720	47,855	93.5	93.5	93.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	61,400	73,500	49,840	61,400	73,500	49,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	93,770	45,765	48,005	93.7	93.6	93.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,320	57,550	41,440	49,320	57,550	41,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	87,495	43,225	44,270	87.5	88.4	86.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,700	73,600	48,120	60,700	73,600	48,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,985	36,355	35,625	72.0	74.3	69.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	59,250	70,800	47,400	59,250	70,800	47,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	59,265	25,165	34,105	59.2	51.5	66.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,370	7,180	7,510	7,370	7,180	7,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,190	1,590	2,595	4.2	3.3	5.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,650	6,055	8,630	7,650	6,055	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	100,035	48,910	51,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	33,265	18,780	14,485	33.3	38.4	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	71,000	78,500	63,200	71,000	78,500	63,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	89,500	101,100	74,600	89,500	101,100	74,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	26,530	12,055	14,475	26.5	24.6	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	28,600	23,600	25,400	28,600	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,080	45,640	33,600	39,080	45,640	33,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.4	94.6	89.2	92.4	94.6	89.2
Employment income (%)	74.2	76.6	70.8	74.2	76.6	70.8
Government transfers (%)	7.6	5.4	10.7	7.6	5.4	10.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.6	0.3	0.9	0.6	0.3	0.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	46,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,800	...	...	42,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	34,660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	46,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	131,600	...	...	131,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	106,800	...	...	106,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,290	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,350	...	...	59,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,480	...	...	49,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	34,605	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	157,200	...	...	157,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,100	...	...	127,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,015	...	...	2.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	395	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	405	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	725	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,455	...	...	3.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,195	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,150	...	...	2.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,340	...	...	2.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,450	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,330	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,750	...	...	5.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,685	...	...	5.7	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,660	...	...	5.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,570	...	...	5.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,355	...	...	5.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	23,450	...	...	50.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,085	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,175	...	...	8.9	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,905	...	...	12.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,290	...	...	17.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	46,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,130	...	...	2.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	400	...	...	0.9	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	420	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	755	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,540	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,345	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,305	...	...	2.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,635	...	...	3.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,645	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,605	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,195	...	...	6.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,225	...	...	6.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,045	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,880	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,700	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	20,105	...	...	42.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,490	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,310	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,305	...	...	22.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	32,950	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	11,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	104,000	...	...	104,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	15,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,000	...	...	162,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,500	...	...	72,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	18,635	9,225	9,410	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	43,200	39,600	41,200	43,200	39,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,600	38,800	36,400	37,600	38,800	36,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	32,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	158,400	...	...	158,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,500	...	...	127,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	129,200	...	...	129,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,700	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	15,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	199,200	...	...	199,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,000	...	...	158,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	18,510	9,135	9,375	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,450	53,550	49,440	51,450	53,550	49,440
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,560	44,760	42,360	43,560	44,760	42,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	117,675	58,090	59,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,150	11,030	10,120	18.0	19.0	17.0
0 to 5 years	6,160	3,240	2,925	5.2	5.6	4.9
18 to 64 years	75,630	37,290	38,345	64.3	64.2	64.4
65 years and over	20,895	9,770	11,125	17.8	16.8	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,530	5,485	6,045	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,970	1,045	925	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	540	290	255	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,155	3,460	3,695	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,405	980	1,425	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.8	9.4	10.2	9.8	9.4	10.2
0 to 17 years (%)	9.3	9.5	9.2	9.3	9.5	9.2
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	8.9	8.7	8.8	8.9	8.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.3	9.6	9.5	9.3	9.6
65 years and over (%)	11.5	10.0	12.8	11.5	10.0	12.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	115,205	56,960	58,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	20,710	10,800	9,915	18.0	19.0	17.0
0 to 5 years	5,995	3,160	2,835	5.2	5.5	4.9
18 to 64 years	73,995	36,560	37,435	64.2	64.2	64.3
65 years and over	20,500	9,605	10,895	17.8	16.9	18.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	8,365	4,190	4,175	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,245	655	585	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	310	155	155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,120	3,105	3,015	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,005	430	575	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	7.3	7.4	7.2	7.3	7.4	7.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.0	6.1	5.9	6.0	6.1	5.9
0 to 5 years (%)	5.2	5.0	5.4	5.2	5.0	5.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.3	8.5	8.1	8.3	8.5	8.1
65 years and over (%)	4.9	4.5	5.3	4.9	4.5	5.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	117,675	58,090	59,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	44,845	21,480	23,360	38.1	37.0	39.2
In bottom decile	11,580	5,660	5,920	9.8	9.7	9.9
In second decile	8,185	3,760	4,425	7.0	6.5	7.4
In third decile	7,705	3,680	4,025	6.5	6.3	6.8
In fourth decile	8,320	3,985	4,335	7.1	6.9	7.3
In fifth decile	9,055	4,400	4,655	7.7	7.6	7.8
In top half of the distribution	72,840	36,610	36,225	61.9	63.0	60.8
In sixth decile	9,600	4,705	4,895	8.2	8.1	8.2
In seventh decile	11,375	5,680	5,695	9.7	9.8	9.6
In eighth decile	12,915	6,470	6,445	11.0	11.1	10.8
In ninth decile	15,955	8,010	7,945	13.6	13.8	13.3
In top decile	22,985	11,745	11,240	19.5	20.2	18.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	117,675	...	...	117,675	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.374	...	...	0.374	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.453	...	...	0.453	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.327	...	...	0.327	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.5	...	...	4.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	118,580	58,525	60,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	105,305	52,870	52,435	88.8	90.3	87.3
French only	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	9,195	4,015	5,185	7.8	6.9	8.6
Neither English nor French	4,035	1,630	2,405	3.4	2.8	4.0
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	118,580	58,525	60,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	112,780	56,070	56,710	95.1	95.8	94.4
French	1,215	570	645	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and French	610	280	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Neither English nor French	3,980	1,605	2,380	3.4	2.7	4.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	118,580	58,525	60,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	113,300	56,015	57,280	95.5	95.7	95.4
Official languages	69,875	35,805	34,070	58.9	61.2	56.7
English	68,730	35,265	33,470	58.0	60.3	55.7
French	1,145	540	605	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official languages	43,425	20,210	23,210	36.6	34.5	38.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	43,400	20,205	23,195	36.6	34.5	38.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	700	385	320	0.6	0.7	0.5
Berber languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	680	370	310	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	565	310	255	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,075	485	590	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,045	470	580	0.9	0.8	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,860	710	1,150	1.6	1.2	1.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,400	535	865	1.2	0.9	1.4
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	250	130	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	17,595	8,530	9,070	14.8	14.6	15.1
Albanian	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	3,300	1,480	1,820	2.8	2.5	3.0
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,270	1,465	1,805	2.8	2.5	3.0
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	215	100	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	485	210	270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	935	400	530	0.8	0.7	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,175	550	630	1.0	0.9	1.0
Bosnian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	790	345	440	0.7	0.6	0.7
Serbian	315	160	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	180	85	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,630	810	820	1.4	1.4	1.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,010	490	520	0.9	0.8	0.9
German	955	465	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	400	200	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	130	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	250	130	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	225	115	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	5,860	2,915	2,950	4.9	5.0	4.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,335	1,160	1,180	2.0	2.0	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	140	80	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	430	195	230	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hindi	490	265	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	100	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	830	395	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	3,520	1,755	1,770	3.0	3.0	2.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	3,400	1,680	1,720	2.9	2.9	2.9
Dari	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	3,025	1,485	1,540	2.6	2.5	2.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	285	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	6,325	3,095	3,235	5.3	5.3	5.4
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,625	1,285	1,340	2.2	2.2	2.2
Portuguese	1,080	530	555	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	250	125	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,355	1,140	1,215	2.0	1.9	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	975	330	650	0.8	0.6	1.1
Korean	2,500	1,085	1,410	2.1	1.9	2.3
Mongolian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	17,635	8,180	9,455	14.9	14.0	15.7
Chinese languages	17,605	8,165	9,440	14.8	14.0	15.7
Hakka	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	7,150	3,310	3,845	6.0	5.7	6.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	465	205	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	9,665	4,495	5,165	8.2	7.7	8.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	115	30	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	95	25	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	230	130	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	195	110	80	0.2	0.2	0.1
Uyghur	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	295	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,285	2,510	2,775	4.5	4.3	4.6
English and French	460	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	4,180	2,015	2,160	3.5	3.4	3.6
French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	470	195	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	118,580	58,525	60,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	74,390	37,820	36,570	62.7	64.6	60.9
French	275	120	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	13,410	6,150	7,260	11.3	10.5	12.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	13,410	6,150	7,260	11.3	10.5	12.1
English and French	1,180	570	605	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	27,515	13,025	14,490	23.2	22.3	24.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	680	320	365	0.6	0.5	0.6
Multiple non-official languages	1,110	510	600	0.9	0.9	1.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	118,580	58,525	60,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	113,235	55,970	57,270	95.5	95.6	95.4
Official languages	88,555	44,440	44,115	74.7	75.9	73.5
English	88,115	44,230	43,885	74.3	75.6	73.1
French	435	210	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	24,685	11,530	13,155	20.8	19.7	21.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,680	11,530	13,150	20.8	19.7	21.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	365	180	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	360	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	305	150	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	595	270	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	585	265	325	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	795	360	435	0.7	0.6	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	620	280	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	55	30	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,145	3,925	4,220	6.9	6.7	7.0
Albanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	120	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,470	705	765	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,470	705	760	1.2	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	165	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	595	280	315	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	460	220	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	275	125	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	50	30	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	240	125	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	115	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,575	1,735	1,835	3.0	3.0	3.1
Indo-Aryan languages	1,110	535	575	0.9	0.9	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	195	80	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hindi	200	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	115	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	2,460	1,200	1,265	2.1	2.1	2.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Parsi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	2,385	1,160	1,230	2.0	2.0	2.0
Dari	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	2,120	1,025	1,095	1.8	1.8	1.8
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,655	1,270	1,390	2.2	2.2	2.3
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	725	320	400	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	585	295	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,255	600	655	1.1	1.0	1.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	480	200	275	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	1,865	795	1,065	1.6	1.4	1.8
Mongolian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	12,005	5,595	6,410	10.1	9.6	10.7
Chinese languages	11,995	5,590	6,400	10.1	9.6	10.7
Hakka	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	5,475	2,550	2,925	4.6	4.4	4.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	210	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	6,180	2,880	3,300	5.2	4.9	5.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,345	2,555	2,785	4.5	4.4	4.6
English and French	165	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,940	2,360	2,575	4.2	4.0	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	118,580	58,525	60,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	92,595	46,255	46,345	78.1	79.0	77.2
English	9,160	4,410	4,750	7.7	7.5	7.9
French	985	460	520	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	12,825	5,975	6,850	10.8	10.2	11.4
Indigenous³⁹	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	12,770	5,960	6,810	10.8	10.2	11.3
English and French	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,225	570	650	1.0	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	395	185	210	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,290	610	680	1.1	1.0	1.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	117,370	57,945	59,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	113,140	56,205	56,940	96.4	97.0	95.8
English	113,085	56,190	56,900	96.3	97.0	95.7
French	9,270	4,010	5,260	7.9	6.9	8.9
Non-official languages	55,335	26,040	29,300	47.1	44.9	49.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	55,250	26,010	29,235	47.1	44.9	49.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,140	640	495	1.0	1.1	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,125	640	490	1.0	1.1	0.8
Amharic	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Arabic	880	510	375	0.7	0.9	0.6
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	170	95	75	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,290	575	710	1.1	1.0	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,285	575	705	1.1	1.0	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,650	1,000	1,655	2.3	1.7	2.8
Bikol	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cebuano	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	205	70	135	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	220	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pangasinan	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,300	850	1,450	2.0	1.5	2.4
Waray-Waray	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	415	235	175	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kannada	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	260	150	110	0.2	0.3	0.2
Telugu	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	24,935	12,125	12,805	21.2	20.9	21.5
Albanian	70	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	210	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Balto-Slavic languages	4,290	2,000	2,290	3.7	3.5	3.9
Baltic languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	4,260	1,985	2,270	3.6	3.4	3.8
Belarusian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	325	185	135	0.3	0.3	0.2
Macedonian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	730	350	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian	1,310	615	700	1.1	1.1	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,515	735	780	1.3	1.3	1.3
Bosnian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	1,095	515	585	0.9	0.9	1.0
Serbian	430	205	220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	215	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	440	205	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	30	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,085	1,570	1,515	2.6	2.7	2.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,965	1,015	955	1.7	1.8	1.6
German	1,930	995	935	1.6	1.7	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	860	460	400	0.7	0.8	0.7
Afrikaans	460	245	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dutch	415	220	195	0.4	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	410	185	225	0.3	0.3	0.4
Danish	150	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	335	165	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	8,155	4,060	4,100	6.9	7.0	6.9
Indo-Aryan languages	4,085	2,030	2,055	3.5	3.5	3.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	95	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	695	330	360	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hindi	1,870	955	910	1.6	1.6	1.5
Kacchi	245	95	150	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,655	845	810	1.4	1.5	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	470	235	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	4,120	2,055	2,065	3.5	3.5	3.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	145	100	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	4,020	1,995	2,030	3.4	3.4	3.4
Dari	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	3,610	1,780	1,830	3.1	3.1	3.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	220	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	9,820	4,690	5,130	8.4	8.1	8.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	3,795	1,755	2,035	3.2	3.0	3.4
Portuguese	1,410	745	660	1.2	1.3	1.1
Romanian	370	180	195	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	4,765	2,240	2,525	4.1	3.9	4.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,780	765	1,015	1.5	1.3	1.7
Korean	2,770	1,190	1,580	2.4	2.1	2.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	445	215	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	145	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	135	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	21,035	9,955	11,080	17.9	17.2	18.6
Chinese languages	20,995	9,935	11,065	17.9	17.1	18.6
Hakka	195	65	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mandarin	11,460	5,410	6,045	9.8	9.3	10.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	955	440	515	0.8	0.8	0.9
Wu (Shanghainese)	170	70	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yue (Cantonese)	12,460	5,830	6,625	10.6	10.1	11.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	150	50	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	485	290	195	0.4	0.5	0.3
Azerbaijani	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kazakh	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	415	245	165	0.4	0.4	0.3
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	365	160	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	270	115	160	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,370	57,940	59,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,805	1,270	1,530	2.4	2.2	2.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,725	1,230	1,500	2.3	2.1	2.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,930	895	1,035	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis	790	335	455	0.7	0.6	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	114,565	56,670	57,900	97.6	97.8	97.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	117,370	57,940	59,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	1,445	680	770	1.2	1.2	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	115,920	57,260	58,660	98.8	98.8	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	32,010	...	...	68.3	...	...
Renter	14,865	...	...	31.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	20	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	15,445	...	...	32.9	...	...
Not condominium	31,450	...	...	67.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	530	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	7,435	...	...	15.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,165	...	...	28.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,770	...	...	23.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	15,000	...	...	32.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	18,025	...	...	38.4	...	...
5 rooms	6,175	...	...	13.2	...	...
6 rooms	4,835	...	...	10.3	...	...
7 rooms	4,635	...	...	9.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,235	...	...	28.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	45,735	...	...	97.5	...	...
More than one person per room	1,155	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	44,285	...	...	94.4	...	...
Not suitable	2,615	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,710	...	...	14.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,485	...	...	30.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,855	...	...	14.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,160	...	...	11.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,520	...	...	5.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,725	...	...	5.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,520	...	...	5.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	5,925	...	...	12.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	44,275	...	...	94.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,620	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	21,830	...	...	46.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	21,810	...	...	46.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	3,250	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,505	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,000	...	...	12.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,400	...	...	17.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,880	...	...	18.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	9,295	...	...	19.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,785	...	...	14.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,260	...	...	9.1	...	...
85 years and over	1,775	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	32,725	...	...	71.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	12,820	...	...	28.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,510	...	...	23.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	46,895	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	16,395	...	...	35.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	11,380	...	...	24.3	...	...
Not suitable only	1,755	...	...	3.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,685	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	645	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	715	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	140	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Acceptable housing	30,495	...	...	65.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	43,230	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	6,160	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not in core need	37,070	...	...	85.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,020	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.5	...	...	53.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	21.7	...	...	21.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	9.1	...	...	9.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,430	...	...	1,430	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,000	...	...	2,000	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,500,000	...	...	1,500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,422,000	...	...	1,422,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,705	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.1	...	...	10.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	41.8	...	...	41.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.9	...	...	25.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,620	...	...	1,620	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,698	...	...	1,698	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	20	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	208	...	...	208	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	160	...	...	160	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	117,370	57,945	59,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	895	405	485	0.8	0.7	0.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	890	400	485	0.8	0.7	0.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	755	340	410	0.6	0.6	0.7
Métis single ancestry	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,335	1,105	1,225	2.0	1.9	2.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,290	1,090	1,190	2.0	1.9	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,680	820	865	1.4	1.4	1.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	590	270	320	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	114,140	56,430	57,715	97.2	97.4	97.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	117,370	57,940	59,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	102,230	50,475	51,760	87.1	87.1	87.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	19,355	10,145	9,210	16.5	17.5	15.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	82,875	40,325	42,550	70.6	69.6	71.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	15,140	7,470	7,675	12.9	12.9	12.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	117,370	57,940	59,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	68,650	35,005	33,645	58.5	60.4	56.6
Immigrants⁸¹	43,265	20,110	23,160	36.9	34.7	39.0
Before 1980	9,660	4,425	5,235	8.2	7.6	8.8
1980 to 1990	5,820	2,735	3,085	5.0	4.7	5.2
1991 to 2000	9,935	4,510	5,425	8.5	7.8	9.1
2001 to 2010	8,180	3,830	4,355	7.0	6.6	7.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	9,665	4,605	5,060	8.2	7.9	8.5
2011 to 2015	4,340	2,080	2,260	3.7	3.6	3.8
2016 to 2021	5,320	2,520	2,800	4.5	4.3	4.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,460	2,830	2,625	4.7	4.9	4.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	43,265	20,105	23,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	3,615	1,825	1,785	8.4	9.1	7.7
5 to 14 years	7,120	3,590	3,530	16.5	17.9	15.2
15 to 24 years	8,030	3,685	4,345	18.6	18.3	18.8
25 to 44 years	20,175	8,935	11,235	46.6	44.4	48.5
45 years and over	4,320	2,065	2,255	10.0	10.3	9.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	43,265	20,105	23,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,670	1,685	1,985	8.5	8.4	8.6
Brazil	410	215	195	0.9	1.1	0.8
Colombia	170	50	120	0.4	0.2	0.5
El Salvador	105	55	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
Guyana	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	100	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexico	440	190	255	1.0	0.9	1.1
Peru	150	50	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
United States of America	1,435	645	790	3.3	3.2	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	735	360	380	1.7	1.8	1.6
Europe	10,075	4,865	5,210	23.3	24.2	22.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	190	100	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Croatia	560	265	295	1.3	1.3	1.3
France	255	150	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
Germany	690	340	345	1.6	1.7	1.5
Greece	125	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hungary	140	65	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	1,790	860	930	4.1	4.3	4.0
Netherlands	250	110	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
Poland	435	170	260	1.0	0.8	1.1
Portugal	245	135	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
Romania	255	120	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Russian Federation	375	150	225	0.9	0.7	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	155	65	90	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ukraine	285	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,800	1,430	1,375	6.5	7.1	5.9
Other places of birth in Europe	1,535	705	830	3.5	3.5	3.6
Africa	2,020	1,000	1,020	4.7	5.0	4.4
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egypt	100	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	60	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Morocco	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	130	55	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somalia	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	735	420	310	1.7	2.1	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	935	415	520	2.2	2.1	2.2
Asia	26,655	12,140	14,515	61.6	60.4	62.7
Afghanistan	145	85	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	2,970	1,445	1,525	6.9	7.2	6.6
Iraq	95	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.1
Lebanon	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	150	75	80	0.3	0.4	0.3
Turkey	140	85	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
China⁹⁰	7,975	3,565	4,415	18.4	17.7	19.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	3,920	1,900	2,020	9.1	9.5	8.7
Korea, South⁹²	1,900	815	1,085	4.4	4.1	4.7
Taiwan	1,685	815	875	3.9	4.1	3.8
Philippines	2,310	875	1,435	5.3	4.4	6.2
Viet Nam	1,130	490	645	2.6	2.4	2.8
Bangladesh	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
India	1,475	770	705	3.4	3.8	3.0
Pakistan	235	115	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sri Lanka	135	75	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	2,280	920	1,355	5.3	4.6	5.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	845	425	420	2.0	2.1	1.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,325	2,520	2,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	730	355	375	13.7	14.1	13.4
Brazil	255	130	125	4.8	5.2	4.5
Colombia	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	95	35	55	1.8	1.4	2.0
United States of America	275	130	145	5.2	5.2	5.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Americas	60	35	25	1.1	1.4	0.9
Europe	815	425	385	15.3	16.9	13.8
France	60	35	25	1.1	1.4	0.9
Germany	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	45	20	25	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italy	60	35	30	1.1	1.4	1.1
Russian Federation	65	20	40	1.2	0.8	1.4
Ukraine	85	50	40	1.6	2.0	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	255	150	100	4.8	6.0	3.6
Other places of birth in Europe	215	105	105	4.0	4.2	3.8
Africa	250	120	130	4.7	4.8	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	25	10	15	0.5	0.4	0.5
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	70	30	40	1.3	1.2	1.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	30	45	1.4	1.2	1.6
Sudan⁹⁷	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	50	25	25	0.9	1.0	0.9
Asia	3,420	1,560	1,855	64.2	61.9	66.3
Afghanistan	45	25	20	0.8	1.0	0.7
Bangladesh	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
China⁹⁰	1,070	425	640	20.1	16.9	22.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	90	45	45	1.7	1.8	1.6
India	435	255	185	8.2	10.1	6.6
Iran⁸⁸	440	210	230	8.3	8.3	8.2
Iraq	40	30	10	0.8	1.2	0.4
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	85	45	40	1.6	1.8	1.4
Jordan	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	270	110	160	5.1	4.4	5.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	45	25	15	0.8	1.0	0.5
Philippines	375	135	240	7.0	5.4	8.6
Saudi Arabia	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Sri Lanka	30	20	10	0.6	0.8	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	100	45	50	1.9	1.8	1.8
Turkey	40	25	20	0.8	1.0	0.7
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	50	20	30	0.9	0.8	1.1
Other places of birth in Asia	225	90	125	4.2	3.6	4.5
Oceania and other⁹³	115	60	50	2.2	2.4	1.8
Australia	95	50	45	1.8	2.0	1.6
Other places of birth⁹⁸	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	117,375	57,940	59,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	50,470	23,860	26,615	43.0	41.2	44.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	30,560	15,540	15,020	26.0	26.8	25.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	36,340	18,545	17,800	31.0	32.0	30.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	33,605	15,680	17,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	21,535	10,510	11,025	64.1	67.0	61.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	8,455	5,055	3,400	25.2	32.2	19.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	13,080	5,455	7,625	38.9	34.8	42.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	8,655	3,420	5,235	25.8	21.8	29.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,855	1,495	1,355	8.5	9.5	7.6
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	560	255	305	1.7	1.6	1.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	33,605	15,680	17,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	965	530	435	2.9	3.4	2.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	3,770	1,550	2,220	11.2	9.9	12.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,560	765	795	4.6	4.9	4.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,285	1,060	1,220	6.8	6.8	6.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	135	75	65	0.4	0.5	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	24,880	11,690	13,195	74.0	74.6	73.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	117,370	57,945	59,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	51,765	24,860	26,900	44.1	42.9	45.3
South Asian	5,500	2,745	2,750	4.7	4.7	4.6
Chinese	25,005	12,160	12,845	21.3	21.0	21.6
Black	1,440	740	695	1.2	1.3	1.2
Filipino	3,290	1,370	1,920	2.8	2.4	3.2
Arab	560	280	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin American	2,345	1,135	1,210	2.0	2.0	2.0
Southeast Asian	2,005	930	1,080	1.7	1.6	1.8
West Asian	3,935	1,980	1,955	3.4	3.4	3.3
Korean	2,960	1,320	1,635	2.5	2.3	2.8
Japanese	1,825	745	1,080	1.6	1.3	1.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	530	260	265	0.5	0.4	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	2,365	1,185	1,175	2.0	2.0	2.0
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	65,605	33,075	32,525	55.9	57.1	54.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	117,370	57,945	59,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,430	4,345	4,085	7.2	7.5	6.9
English	19,245	9,830	9,415	16.4	17.0	15.8
Irish	12,505	6,155	6,350	10.7	10.6	10.7
Scottish	14,915	7,375	7,540	12.7	12.7	12.7
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,465	2,720	2,750	4.7	4.7	4.6
German	9,175	4,575	4,595	7.8	7.9	7.7
Chinese	23,450	11,410	12,040	20.0	19.7	20.3
Italian	9,505	4,775	4,725	8.1	8.2	8.0
Indian (India)	3,775	1,825	1,955	3.2	3.1	3.3
Ukrainian	4,005	2,050	1,960	3.4	3.5	3.3
Dutch	3,040	1,585	1,455	2.6	2.7	2.4
Polish	2,830	1,300	1,520	2.4	2.2	2.6
Québécois	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	4,890	2,540	2,350	4.2	4.4	4.0
Filipino	3,350	1,430	1,915	2.9	2.5	3.2
French Canadian	795	340	450	0.7	0.6	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,795	950	850	1.5	1.6	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,085	505	580	0.9	0.9	1.0
Métis	780	350	430	0.7	0.6	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,390	1,210	1,185	2.0	2.1	2.0
Russian	2,305	1,085	1,220	2.0	1.9	2.1
Norwegian	2,230	1,065	1,165	1.9	1.8	2.0
Welsh	1,955	960	995	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	1,345	710	635	1.1	1.2	1.1
American	1,565	815	750	1.3	1.4	1.3
Spanish	1,540	680	860	1.3	1.2	1.4
Swedish	1,740	920	825	1.5	1.6	1.4
Hungarian	1,005	460	545	0.9	0.8	0.9
Acadian	115	85	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	310	155	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	475	230	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	1,065	500	560	0.9	0.9	0.9
Punjabi	485	260	225	0.4	0.4	0.4
Vietnamese	2,115	1,020	1,095	1.8	1.8	1.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	225	135	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Greek	790	400	385	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jamaican	280	160	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,465	680	780	1.2	1.2	1.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	250	110	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	2,960	1,310	1,650	2.5	2.3	2.8
Romanian	625	280	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	225	80	140	0.2	0.1	0.2
Iranian	3,040	1,510	1,530	2.6	2.6	2.6
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	370	170	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	1,100	520	575	0.9	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	350	195	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	365	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austrian	1,030	540	495	0.9	0.9	0.8
Belgian	310	170	140	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	175	115	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Mexican	965	490	475	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mennonite	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swiss	510	320	195	0.4	0.6	0.3
Finnish	635	295	340	0.5	0.5	0.6
Sri Lankan	170	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Croatian	1,755	795	960	1.5	1.4	1.6
Japanese	2,425	1,050	1,380	2.1	1.8	2.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	285	160	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	525	240	290	0.4	0.4	0.5
Muslim	380	180	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	165	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	450	190	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Tamil	90	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	540	270	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	205	75	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	600	310	290	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	60	50	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	220	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	590	295	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ojibway	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	25	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	1,505	775	730	1.3	1.3	1.2
Ontarian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	1,260	640	615	1.1	1.1	1.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	100	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	285	145	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	605	320	280	0.5	0.6	0.5
Nigerian	125	85	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	260	125	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	495	240	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	320	145	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	1,495	715	780	1.3	1.2	1.3
Iraqi	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	55	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	335	150	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	230	120	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	110	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	210	95	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	610	315	295	0.5	0.5	0.5
Australian	710	340	370	0.6	0.6	0.6
Palestinian	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	285	155	125	0.2	0.3	0.2
Congolese	35	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	150	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yoruba	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	90	70	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	190	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	225	120	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	165	45	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Albertan	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	75	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	130	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	180	105	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cuban	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	130	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	105	75	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	180	80	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	70	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	425	220	205	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ecuadorian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	130	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	115	85	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	270	110	165	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	165	40	125	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Igbo	50	35	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Byelorussian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	230	115	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	190	75	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Manitoban	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	105	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Honduran	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Burmese	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	70	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	80	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	117,370	57,945	59,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	2,820	1,195	1,625	2.4	2.1	2.7
Christian	42,810	19,615	23,195	36.5	33.9	39.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,270	4,300	4,970	7.9	7.4	8.4
Anabaptist	260	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	2,745	1,190	1,550	2.3	2.1	2.6
Baptist	825	365	460	0.7	0.6	0.8
Catholic	20,840	9,735	11,100	17.8	16.8	18.7
Christian Orthodox	1,800	845	950	1.5	1.5	1.6
Jehovah's Witness	355	145	210	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	140	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	770	355	410	0.7	0.6	0.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	225	95	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	485	195	290	0.4	0.3	0.5
Presbyterian	665	290	370	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	2,565	995	1,565	2.2	1.7	2.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,805	855	950	1.5	1.5	1.6
Hindu	1,345	740	600	1.1	1.3	1.0
Jewish	760	370	390	0.6	0.6	0.7
Muslim	4,465	2,165	2,300	3.8	3.7	3.9
Sikh	1,380	660	715	1.2	1.1	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,100	490	610	0.9	0.8	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	62,585	32,645	29,940	53.3	56.3	50.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	116,425	57,395	59,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	99,320	48,845	50,475	85.3	85.1	85.5
Movers	17,105	8,545	8,560	14.7	14.9	14.5
Non-migrants	9,200	4,590	4,605	7.9	8.0	7.8
Migrants	7,910	3,960	3,950	6.8	6.9	6.7
Internal migrants	6,170	3,045	3,125	5.3	5.3	5.3
Intraprovincial migrants	5,090	2,450	2,635	4.4	4.3	4.5
Interprovincial migrants	1,090	590	495	0.9	1.0	0.8
External migrants	1,735	915	825	1.5	1.6	1.4
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	112,315	55,260	57,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	68,025	33,225	34,800	60.6	60.1	61.0
Movers	44,285	22,035	22,250	39.4	39.9	39.0
Non-migrants	14,100	6,995	7,105	12.6	12.7	12.5
Migrants	30,190	15,045	15,140	26.9	27.2	26.5
Internal migrants	21,595	10,750	10,845	19.2	19.5	19.0
Intraprovincial migrants	18,475	9,145	9,330	16.4	16.5	16.4
Interprovincial migrants	3,120	1,600	1,520	2.8	2.9	2.7
External migrants	8,595	4,295	4,295	7.7	7.8	7.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,035	48,915	51,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,055	5,625	5,435	11.1	11.5	10.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	88,980	43,290	45,690	88.9	88.5	89.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,345	31,940	33,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,260	1,840	1,420	5.0	5.8	4.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	62,090	30,100	31,990	95.0	94.2	95.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	100,035	48,910	51,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,960	4,905	5,060	10.0	10.0	9.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,940	12,635	13,300	25.9	25.8	26.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	64,135	31,370	32,760	64.1	64.1	64.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	25,815	13,175	12,640	25.8	26.9	24.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,830	4,300	1,535	5.8	8.8	3.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,530	1,495	1,030	2.5	3.1	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,305	2,805	500	3.3	5.7	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,955	7,165	8,795	15.9	14.6	17.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,025	1,710	2,310	4.0	3.5	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	38,315	18,190	20,125	38.3	37.2	39.4
Bachelor's degree	24,970	11,770	13,200	25.0	24.1	25.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,535	1,020	1,505	2.5	2.1	2.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	910	425	480	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	8,460	4,140	4,320	8.5	8.5	8.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,450	840	610	1.4	1.7	1.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,350	31,940	33,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,705	1,505	1,200	4.1	4.7	3.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	13,065	6,690	6,380	20.0	20.9	19.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,575	23,750	25,830	75.9	74.4	77.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,445	9,355	9,090	28.2	29.3	27.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,760	2,845	920	5.8	8.9	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,580	960	620	2.4	3.0	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,180	1,880	300	3.3	5.9	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	11,835	5,325	6,510	18.1	16.7	19.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,850	1,180	1,665	4.4	3.7	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,135	14,395	16,740	47.6	45.1	50.1
Bachelor's degree	20,175	9,335	10,840	30.9	29.2	32.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,970	755	1,215	3.0	2.4	3.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	730	320	410	1.1	1.0	1.2
Master's degree	7,125	3,395	3,725	10.9	10.6	11.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,140	590	545	1.7	1.8	1.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	100,035	48,910	51,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,900	17,540	18,360	35.9	35.9	35.9
Education	4,020	915	3,105	4.0	1.9	6.1
13. Education	4,020	915	3,105	4.0	1.9	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,840	1,770	2,065	3.8	3.6	4.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	470	365	110	0.5	0.7	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	3,365	1,405	1,960	3.4	2.9	3.8
Humanities	3,655	1,240	2,415	3.7	2.5	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	530	110	420	0.5	0.2	0.8
23. English language and literature/letters	1,025	270	755	1.0	0.6	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,140	420	720	1.1	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	20	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	125	65	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	435	200	235	0.4	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	105	10	90	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,070	3,355	5,720	9.1	6.9	11.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	150	30	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,170	385	785	1.2	0.8	1.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	830	75	755	0.8	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,570	540	1,035	1.6	1.1	2.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	230	70	155	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	1,580	405	1,180	1.6	0.8	2.3
45. Social sciences	3,550	1,850	1,695	3.5	3.8	3.3
Business, management and public administration	14,780	6,860	7,920	14.8	14.0	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	460	110	350	0.5	0.2	0.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,305	6,740	7,565	14.3	13.8	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,635	1,960	1,680	3.6	4.0	3.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,430	640	785	1.4	1.3	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	785	415	365	0.8	0.8	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,255	850	410	1.3	1.7	0.8
41. Science technologies/technicians	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,545	2,480	1,070	3.5	5.1	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,865	2,145	715	2.9	4.4	1.4
25. Library science	105	10	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	465	255	210	0.5	0.5	0.4
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	11,155	9,580	1,575	11.2	19.6	3.1
04. Architecture and related services	660	385	280	0.7	0.8	0.5
14. Engineering	4,335	3,405	930	4.3	7.0	1.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,165	1,925	240	2.2	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,905	1,860	50	1.9	3.8	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,370	1,335	40	1.4	2.7	0.1
48. Precision production	705	665	40	0.7	1.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,060	550	505	1.1	1.1	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	555	255	305	0.6	0.5	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	505	300	200	0.5	0.6	0.4
Health and related fields	7,230	1,650	5,580	7.2	3.4	10.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	805	355	450	0.8	0.7	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,095	1,115	4,980	6.1	2.3	9.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	175	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,115	1,000	1,110	2.1	2.0	2.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,500	490	1,005	1.5	1.0	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	215	170	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	390	330	60	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,345	31,935	33,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,770	8,190	7,580	24.1	25.6	22.7
Education	2,675	585	2,085	4.1	1.8	6.2
13. Education	2,675	585	2,085	4.1	1.8	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,050	1,380	1,675	4.7	4.3	5.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	355	270	90	0.5	0.8	0.3
50. Visual and performing arts	2,690	1,105	1,585	4.1	3.5	4.7
Humanities	2,815	930	1,885	4.3	2.9	5.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	425	80	345	0.7	0.3	1.0
23. English language and literature/letters	770	175	590	1.2	0.5	1.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	875	330	550	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	80	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	95	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	330	140	190	0.5	0.4	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,325	2,595	4,725	11.2	8.1	14.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	115	20	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	975	280	695	1.5	0.9	2.1
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610	55	560	0.9	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,290	390	900	2.0	1.2	2.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	195	65	135	0.3	0.2	0.4
42. Psychology	1,255	285	970	1.9	0.9	2.9
45. Social sciences	2,875	1,500	1,375	4.4	4.7	4.1
Business, management and public administration	11,935	5,445	6,495	18.3	17.1	19.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	345	75	265	0.5	0.2	0.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,585	5,355	6,230	17.7	16.8	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,770	1,465	1,305	4.2	4.6	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,100	490	610	1.7	1.5	1.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	595	330	270	0.9	1.0	0.8
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	970	620	350	1.5	1.9	1.0
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,925	2,065	860	4.5	6.5	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,455	1,860	595	3.8	5.8	1.8
25. Library science	55	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	325	150	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,140	6,820	1,325	12.5	21.4	4.0
04. Architecture and related services	530	285	245	0.8	0.9	0.7
14. Engineering	3,445	2,610	835	5.3	8.2	2.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,510	1,345	160	2.3	4.2	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,345	1,305	40	2.1	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	895	870	25	1.4	2.7	0.1
48. Precision production	410	400	15	0.6	1.3	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	855	425	425	1.3	1.3	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	185	250	0.7	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	415	240	175	0.6	0.8	0.5
Health and related fields	5,495	1,290	4,210	8.4	4.0	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	630	260	365	1.0	0.8	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,610	895	3,715	7.1	2.8	11.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	235	125	110	0.4	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,560	735	825	2.4	2.3	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,105	360	745	1.7	1.1	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	180	135	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	275	230	40	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,345	31,935	33,410	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,770	8,190	7,580	24.1	25.6	22.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	49,575	23,745	25,825	75.9	74.4	77.3
Location of study inside Canada	35,825	17,420	18,405	54.8	54.5	55.1
Same as province or territory of residence	29,570	14,300	15,270	45.3	44.8	45.7
Different than province or territory of residence	6,255	3,120	3,135	9.6	9.8	9.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	13,750	6,330	7,425	21.0	19.8	22.2
Americas	2,970	1,465	1,500	4.5	4.6	4.5
United States of America	1,880	1,005	875	2.9	3.1	2.6
Mexico	290	125	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
Cuba	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	405	205	205	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	180	60	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Europe	3,005	1,555	1,450	4.6	4.9	4.3
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	205	120	90	0.3	0.4	0.3
Germany	115	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	85	60	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Poland	120	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romania	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	195	80	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	145	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	140	60	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,280	725	560	2.0	2.3	1.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	335	145	190	0.5	0.5	0.6
Africa	450	200	255	0.7	0.6	0.8
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	310	145	165	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other locations of study in Africa	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	6,900	2,865	4,035	10.6	9.0	12.1
Iran⁸⁸	1,100	520	580	1.7	1.6	1.7
Iraq	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israel	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,980	830	1,145	3.0	2.6	3.4
Taiwan	340	130	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	375	195	185	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japan	270	75	195	0.4	0.2	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	780	245	540	1.2	0.8	1.6
Philippines	925	300	620	1.4	0.9	1.9
Viet Nam	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	560	290	265	0.9	0.9	0.8
Pakistan	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	255	130	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oceania	430	245	190	0.7	0.8	0.6
Australia	360	205	155	0.6	0.6	0.5
New Zealand	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	100,035	48,915	51,125	...	...	...
In the labour force	65,560	34,020	31,545	...	...	...
Employed	60,130	31,315	28,815	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,425	2,705	2,725	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	34,475	14,895	19,575	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.5	69.5	61.7	65.5	69.5	61.7
Employment rate	60.1	64.0	56.4	60.1	64.0	56.4
Unemployment rate	8.3	8.0	8.6	8.3	8.0	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	100,035	48,910	51,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	34,500	14,955	19,540	34.5	30.6	38.2
Worked	65,535	33,955	31,580	65.5	69.4	61.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	34,880	19,825	15,060	34.9	40.5	29.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	30,655	14,130	16,520	30.6	28.9	32.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.1	41.9	40.2	41.1	41.9	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	65,560	34,015	31,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,315	665	655	2.0	2.0	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	64,245	33,355	30,890	98.0	98.1	97.9
Employee	52,575	26,430	26,145	80.2	77.7	82.9
Permanent position	43,590	22,215	21,375	66.5	65.3	67.8
Temporary position	8,985	4,215	4,770	13.7	12.4	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,200	1,490	1,705	4.9	4.4	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,785	2,725	3,060	8.8	8.0	9.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,670	6,930	4,745	17.8	20.4	15.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	65,560	34,015	31,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,315	665	655	2.0	2.0	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	64,245	33,355	30,890	98.0	98.1	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,320	930	390	2.0	2.7	1.2
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	13,145	4,350	8,795	20.1	12.8	27.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	7,410	5,570	1,840	11.3	16.4	5.8
3 Health occupations	4,310	1,105	3,205	6.6	3.2	10.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	8,520	2,990	5,530	13.0	8.8	17.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	4,085	2,055	2,030	6.2	6.0	6.4
6 Sales and service occupations	15,060	7,255	7,805	23.0	21.3	24.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,480	7,640	845	12.9	22.5	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	750	580	165	1.1	1.7	0.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,165	885	285	1.8	2.6	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	65,560	34,015	31,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,315	665	655	2.0	2.0	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	64,245	33,355	30,890	98.0	98.1	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	225	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	230	155	75	0.4	0.5	0.2
22 Utilities	465	300	165	0.7	0.9	0.5
23 Construction	4,925	4,135	795	7.5	12.2	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	2,680	1,850	830	4.1	5.4	2.6
41 Wholesale trade	2,405	1,590	815	3.7	4.7	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	6,540	3,260	3,280	10.0	9.6	10.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,560	1,945	615	3.9	5.7	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	3,155	1,905	1,245	4.8	5.6	3.9
52 Finance and insurance	3,505	1,655	1,845	5.3	4.9	5.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,770	980	790	2.7	2.9	2.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	8,920	5,190	3,735	13.6	15.3	11.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	255	125	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,495	1,415	1,080	3.8	4.2	3.4
61 Educational services	6,030	2,095	3,930	9.2	6.2	12.5
62 Health care and social assistance	6,760	1,440	5,325	10.3	4.2	16.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,900	1,010	885	2.9	3.0	2.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,805	1,765	2,035	5.8	5.2	6.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,555	975	1,585	3.9	2.9	5.0
91 Public administration	3,075	1,465	1,610	4.7	4.3	5.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	70,400	36,315	34,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,260	33,340	30,925	91.3	91.8	90.7
French	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,235	645	590	1.8	1.8	1.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,235	645	590	1.8	1.8	1.7
English and French	460	160	300	0.7	0.4	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	4,210	2,090	2,120	6.0	5.8	6.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	70,400	36,315	34,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,405	35,840	33,565	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	67,105	34,685	32,420	95.3	95.5	95.1
English	66,940	34,655	32,280	95.1	95.4	94.7
French	165	25	140	0.2	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	2,295	1,160	1,140	3.3	3.2	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,295	1,160	1,140	3.3	3.2	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	310	140	170	0.4	0.4	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	95	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	135	40	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,660	880	775	2.4	2.4	2.3
Chinese languages	1,660	880	775	2.4	2.4	2.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	780	390	390	1.1	1.1	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	870	490	385	1.2	1.3	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	995	475	525	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	85	20	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	895	445	450	1.3	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	70,400	36,315	34,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,350	34,360	31,990	94.2	94.6	93.9
English	900	385	515	1.3	1.1	1.5
French	285	135	150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	2,320	1,185	1,135	3.3	3.3	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,290	1,160	1,125	3.3	3.2	3.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	170	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	320	125	185	0.5	0.3	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	60,135	31,315	28,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	19,305	9,635	9,665	32.1	30.8	33.5
Worked outside Canada	270	200	70	0.4	0.6	0.2
No fixed workplace address	7,555	5,650	1,910	12.6	18.0	6.6
Usual place of work	33,010	15,825	17,180	54.9	50.5	59.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	33,005	15,825	17,180	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,800	5,320	6,480	35.8	33.6	37.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	20,740	10,205	10,535	62.8	64.5	61.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	350	210	140	1.1	1.3	0.8
Commute to a different province or territory	115	85	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	40,560	21,475	19,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,805	17,570	14,235	78.4	81.8	74.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	29,395	16,760	12,640	72.5	78.0	66.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,405	810	1,590	5.9	3.8	8.3
Public transit	5,430	2,250	3,175	13.4	10.5	16.6
Walked	1,955	830	1,125	4.8	3.9	5.9
Bicycle	660	480	185	1.6	2.2	1.0
Other method	720	350	370	1.8	1.6	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	40,560	21,475	19,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,565	4,035	4,525	21.1	18.8	23.7
15 to 29 minutes	15,535	8,100	7,435	38.3	37.7	39.0
30 to 44 minutes	10,915	6,395	4,515	26.9	29.8	23.7
45 to 59 minutes	3,285	1,800	1,485	8.1	8.4	7.8
60 minutes and over	2,265	1,145	1,120	5.6	5.3	5.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	40,560	21,475	19,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,885	1,410	480	4.6	6.6	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,770	3,805	1,965	14.2	17.7	10.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,450	5,490	4,960	25.8	25.6	26.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	10,015	4,610	5,405	24.7	21.5	28.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	7,340	3,410	3,930	18.1	15.9	20.6
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,100	2,755	2,340	12.6	12.8	12.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,570	11,230	10,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,485	730	750	6.9	6.5	7.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,085	10,495	9,585	93.1	93.5	92.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	16,180	8,395	7,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,130	530	595	7.0	6.3	7.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	640	285	350	4.0	3.4	4.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	490	240	250	3.0	2.9	3.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,055	7,860	7,195	93.0	93.6	92.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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