Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina--WascanaMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,065	43,730	45,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,820	8,065	7,755	17.8	18.4	17.1
0 to 4 years	5,075	2,560	2,515	5.7	5.9	5.5
5 to 9 years	5,380	2,705	2,680	6.0	6.2	5.9
10 to 14 years	5,365	2,805	2,560	6.0	6.4	5.6
15 to 64 years	58,145	29,140	29,010	65.3	66.6	64.0
15 to 19 years	5,190	2,695	2,500	5.8	6.2	5.5
20 to 24 years	6,220	3,260	2,965	7.0	7.5	6.5
25 to 29 years	6,280	3,165	3,115	7.1	7.2	6.9
30 to 34 years	6,585	3,245	3,340	7.4	7.4	7.4
35 to 39 years	6,670	3,350	3,320	7.5	7.7	7.3
40 to 44 years	6,045	3,040	3,005	6.8	7.0	6.6
45 to 49 years	5,345	2,650	2,695	6.0	6.1	5.9
50 to 54 years	4,990	2,485	2,500	5.6	5.7	5.5
55 to 59 years	5,480	2,660	2,825	6.2	6.1	6.2
60 to 64 years	5,340	2,595	2,745	6.0	5.9	6.1
65 years and over	15,095	6,530	8,565	16.9	14.9	18.9
65 to 69 years	4,615	2,235	2,375	5.2	5.1	5.2
70 to 74 years	3,630	1,660	1,965	4.1	3.8	4.3
75 to 79 years	2,495	1,115	1,380	2.8	2.5	3.0
80 to 84 years	1,920	720	1,205	2.2	1.6	2.7
85 years and over	2,440	795	1,645	2.7	1.8	3.6
85 to 89 years	1,330	445	885	1.5	1.0	2.0
90 to 94 years	870	285	585	1.0	0.7	1.3
95 to 99 years	210	60	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.4	17.1	17.8	18.4	17.1
15 to 64 years	65.3	66.6	64.0	65.3	66.6	64.0
65 years and over	16.9	14.9	18.9	16.9	14.9	18.9
85 years and over	2.7	1.8	3.6	2.7	1.8	3.6
Average age of the population	39.9	38.6	41.1	39.9	38.6	41.1
Median age of the population	38.4	37.2	39.6	38.4	37.2	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,900	...	...	57.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,170	...	...	3.2	...	...
Row house	2,710	...	...	7.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	825	...	...	2.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,120	...	...	22.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,605	...	...	7.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	140	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,615	...	...	31.8	...	...
2 persons	11,855	...	...	32.5	...	...
3 persons	5,120	...	...	14.0	...	...
4 persons	4,830	...	...	13.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,065	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,305	43,045	44,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,240	35,665	37,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	40,500	20,250	20,255	55.3	56.8	53.9
Married	34,485	17,245	17,235	47.1	48.4	45.9
Living common-law	6,020	3,000	3,015	8.2	8.4	8.0
Living common law - Never married	4,645	2,335	2,310	6.3	6.5	6.1
Living common law - Separated	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	1,085	525	565	1.5	1.5	1.5
Living common law - Widowed	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	32,735	15,415	17,325	44.7	43.2	46.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,600	12,275	10,330	30.9	34.4	27.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,500	645	855	2.0	1.8	2.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,455	1,715	2,740	6.1	4.8	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,180	780	3,405	5.7	2.2	9.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,790	...	...	50.1	...	...
3 persons	4,880	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	4,620	...	...	19.6	...	...
5 or more persons	2,250	...	...	9.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,660	...	...	83.5	...	...
Married couples	16,655	...	...	70.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,175	...	...	39.0	...	...
Without children	7,480	...	...	31.8	...	...
Common-law couples	3,005	...	...	12.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,020	...	...	4.3	...	...
Without children	1,985	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,870	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,020	...	...	12.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	855	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,305	43,045	44,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	68,985	34,175	34,815	79.0	79.4	78.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	39,320	19,655	19,665	45.0	45.7	44.4
Parents in one-parent families	3,875	855	3,020	4.4	2.0	6.8
Children⁶	25,795	13,660	12,125	29.5	31.7	27.4
In a two-parent family	19,495	10,140	9,355	22.3	23.6	21.1
In a one-parent family	6,295	3,525	2,775	7.2	8.2	6.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,320	8,870	9,440	21.0	20.6	21.3
Living alone	11,615	5,055	6,565	13.3	11.7	14.8
Living with other relatives⁷	2,300	1,075	1,225	2.6	2.5	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	4,400	2,750	1,650	5.0	6.4	3.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,895	...	...	57.3	...	...
Couple-family households	17,850	...	...	48.9	...	...
With children⁶	9,230	...	...	25.3	...	...
Without children	8,620	...	...	23.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,045	...	...	8.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	735	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	185	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,095	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,960	...	...	5.4	...	...
One-person households	11,615	...	...	31.8	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	71,515	34,990	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,360	33,345	35,015	95.6	95.3	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	50,400	42,000	45,600	50,400	42,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,390	33,355	35,030	95.6	95.3	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,400	38,000	40,800	44,400	38,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,355	30,785	31,570	87.2	88.0	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	34,800	40,800	47,600	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,770	25,960	24,810	71.0	74.2	67.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,200	37,600	42,000	47,200	37,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,575	29,125	31,450	84.7	83.2	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,700	5,520	9,300	7,700	5,520	9,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,865	2,945	2,910	8.2	8.4	8.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,720	5,520	5,480	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,570	8,750	8,815	24.6	25.0	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,435	33,455	34,980	95.6	95.4	95.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,350	65,900	51,200	58,350	65,900	51,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,470	33,475	34,995	95.6	95.4	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,160	53,000	43,480	48,160	53,000	43,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,530	30,920	31,615	87.3	88.1	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,150	62,950	45,560	54,150	62,950	45,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,880	25,890	24,985	71.0	73.8	68.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050	60,200	45,600	53,050	60,200	45,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,475	29,005	31,470	84.4	82.7	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,030	8,840	11,130	10,030	8,840	11,130
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,820	2,975	2,850	8.1	8.5	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,820	5,970	7,700	6,820	5,970	7,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,875	8,925	8,950	25.0	25.4	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,940	8,990	8,900	8,940	8,990	8,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,825	14,145	11,680	36.1	40.3	32.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	73,000	64,500	69,000	73,000	64,500
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,300	85,900	71,400	79,300	85,900	71,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,195	8,920	10,275	26.8	25.4	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,200	15,900	17,600	19,200	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	31,400	25,040	28,000	31,400	25,040
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	88.4	80.4	84.8	88.4	80.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6	70.8	63.6	67.6	70.8	63.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.2	11.6	19.6	15.2	11.6	19.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	4.0	5.3	4.6	4.0	5.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.6	4.5	4.0	3.6	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	71,515	34,990	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,155	1,650	1,500	4.4	4.7	4.1
With total income	68,360	33,345	35,015	95.6	95.3	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,375	2,495	2,885	7.9	7.5	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	6,660	2,880	3,770	9.7	8.7	10.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,705	4,165	5,540	14.2	12.5	15.8
$30,000 to $39,999	8,155	3,680	4,475	11.9	11.0	12.8
$40,000 to $49,999	7,480	3,325	4,160	10.9	10.0	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	6,280	2,945	3,345	9.2	8.8	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,230	2,630	2,600	7.7	7.9	7.4
$70,000 to $79,999	4,285	2,235	2,050	6.3	6.7	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	3,420	1,870	1,555	5.0	5.6	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	2,855	1,530	1,325	4.2	4.6	3.8
$100,000 and over	8,905	5,600	3,310	13.0	16.8	9.4
$100,000 to $149,999	5,945	3,510	2,435	8.7	10.5	6.9
$150,000 and over	2,965	2,090	875	4.3	6.3	2.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	71,515	34,990	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,125	1,635	1,490	4.4	4.7	4.1
With after-tax income	68,390	33,355	35,030	95.6	95.3	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,620	2,565	3,055	8.2	7.7	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,005	3,045	3,965	10.2	9.1	11.3
$20,000 to $29,999	11,070	4,815	6,250	16.2	14.5	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	9,795	4,450	5,345	14.3	13.3	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	8,780	4,055	4,720	12.8	12.2	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,075	3,530	3,545	10.3	10.6	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	5,630	2,940	2,685	8.2	8.8	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	4,215	2,245	1,975	6.2	6.7	5.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,800	1,545	1,260	4.1	4.6	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	1,800	1,050	750	2.6	3.1	2.2
$100,000 and over	4,590	3,110	1,480	6.7	9.3	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,335	1,510	825	3.4	4.5	2.4
$125,000 and over	2,260	1,610	650	3.3	4.8	1.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	71,515	34,990	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,740	9,035	11,710	29.0	25.8	32.1
With employment income	50,770	25,960	24,810	71.0	74.2	67.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,285	2,890	3,405	12.4	11.1	13.7
$5,000 to $9,999	3,955	1,765	2,190	7.8	6.8	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,690	2,640	3,050	11.2	10.2	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,390	2,195	2,200	8.6	8.5	8.9
$30,000 to $39,999	4,200	2,050	2,150	8.3	7.9	8.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,300	2,040	2,260	8.5	7.9	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,775	1,905	1,870	7.4	7.3	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,590	1,875	1,715	7.1	7.2	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	2,980	1,645	1,330	5.9	6.4	5.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,565	1,370	1,195	5.0	5.3	4.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,315	1,230	1,095	4.6	4.7	4.4
$100,000 and over	6,720	4,355	2,360	13.2	16.8	9.5
$100,000 to $124,999	3,095	1,800	1,295	6.1	6.9	5.2
$125,000 and over	3,630	2,560	1,065	7.1	9.9	4.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	71,515	34,990	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,615	32,430	34,185	93.1	92.7	93.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,400	39,600	44,400	50,400	39,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,640	32,435	34,205	93.2	92.7	93.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	36,000	39,600	44,000	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,145	30,150	30,995	85.5	86.2	84.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,200	36,000	42,000	49,200	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,205	25,630	24,575	70.2	73.2	67.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,000	43,200	48,800	38,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,840	27,350	29,490	79.5	78.2	80.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,920	1,110	4,560	1,920	1,110	4,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,120	1,975	2,145	5.8	5.6	5.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	5,320	6,800	5,960	5,320	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,725	32,545	34,180	93.2	92.8	93.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,700	64,700	49,040	56,700	64,700	49,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,755	32,550	34,205	93.2	92.8	93.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	51,850	41,160	46,400	51,850	41,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,400	30,325	31,080	85.7	86.4	85.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,250	64,500	46,240	55,250	64,500	46,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,520	25,770	24,750	70.5	73.5	67.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,300	61,700	46,560	54,300	61,700	46,560
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,985	27,605	29,380	79.6	78.7	80.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,485	8,120	6,840	5,485	8,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,945	1,915	2,030	5.5	5.5	5.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	6,155	9,150	7,700	6,155	9,150
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,580	14,005	11,575	35.7	39.9	31.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	70,000	60,400	65,000	70,000	60,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,900	82,900	67,500	75,900	82,900	67,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,925	8,295	9,630	25.0	23.6	26.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	25,400	21,600	23,400	25,400	21,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,040	40,440	30,360	35,040	40,440	30,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	92.8	85.8	89.6	92.8	85.8
Employment income (%)	72.4	75.4	68.8	72.4	75.4	68.8
Government transfers (%)	10.3	7.2	14.2	10.3	7.2	14.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.1	0.8	0.6	1.1
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,870	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,400	...	...	109,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...	90,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,595	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,450	...	...	58,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,280	...	...	48,280	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	320	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	625	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,485	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,105	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,155	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,210	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,315	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,520	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,545	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,485	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,145	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,050	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,665	...	...	42.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,275	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,140	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,220	...	...	11.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,045	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	520	...	...	1.4	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	640	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,605	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,365	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,320	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,430	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,540	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,515	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,075	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,030	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,765	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,415	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,615	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,445	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,080	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,095	...	...	14.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,845	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,015	7,795	8,215	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	40,400	42,000	41,200	40,400	42,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	36,400	38,000	37,200	36,400	38,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,485	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,790	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,320	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,600	...	...	158,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...	83,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,950	7,745	8,205	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,150	53,350	51,000	52,150	53,350	51,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	43,600	43,640	43,600	43,600	43,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,305	43,045	44,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,795	9,620	9,175	21.5	22.3	20.7
0 to 5 years	6,140	3,095	3,045	7.0	7.2	6.9
18 to 64 years	54,620	27,255	27,360	62.6	63.3	61.8
65 years and over	13,890	6,170	7,720	15.9	14.3	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,790	4,615	5,175	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,705	1,385	1,325	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	960	460	505	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,440	2,665	2,775	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,645	565	1,080	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.7	11.7	11.2	10.7	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.7	14.9	16.5	15.7	14.9	16.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.1	10.0	9.8	10.1
65 years and over (%)	11.8	9.2	14.0	11.8	9.2	14.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	87,305	43,045	44,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,795	9,620	9,175	21.5	22.3	20.7
0 to 5 years	6,140	3,095	3,045	7.0	7.2	6.9
18 to 64 years	54,620	27,255	27,360	62.6	63.3	61.8
65 years and over	13,890	6,170	7,720	15.9	14.3	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,270	2,305	1,965	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	945	490	455	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	290	150	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,095	1,700	1,390	...	...	...
65 years and over	230	110	115	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.9	5.4	4.4	4.9	5.4	4.4
0 to 17 years (%)	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.0
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.7
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	6.3	5.1	5.7	6.3	5.1
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,300	43,050	44,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	40,930	19,845	21,085	46.9	46.1	47.6
In bottom decile	8,970	4,525	4,445	10.3	10.5	10.0
In second decile	8,470	3,890	4,580	9.7	9.0	10.3
In third decile	7,850	3,815	4,035	9.0	8.9	9.1
In fourth decile	7,925	3,840	4,090	9.1	8.9	9.2
In fifth decile	7,710	3,775	3,930	8.8	8.8	8.9
In top half of the distribution	46,375	23,205	23,175	53.1	53.9	52.4
In sixth decile	8,195	4,015	4,180	9.4	9.3	9.4
In seventh decile	8,815	4,375	4,435	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	9,060	4,510	4,555	10.4	10.5	10.3
In ninth decile	9,995	5,025	4,960	11.4	11.7	11.2
In top decile	10,305	5,275	5,035	11.8	12.3	11.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,300	...	...	87,300	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.348	...	...	0.348	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.445	...	...	0.445	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.305	...	...	0.305	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	80,490	39,955	40,540	91.6	92.4	91.0
French only	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,725	2,595	3,135	6.5	6.0	7.0
Neither English nor French	1,545	680	860	1.8	1.6	1.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	85,025	41,970	43,060	96.8	97.0	96.6
French	1,050	500	545	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	1,480	655	825	1.7	1.5	1.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,475	41,580	42,895	96.2	96.1	96.2
Official languages	65,875	32,275	33,605	75.0	74.6	75.4
English	64,850	31,780	33,075	73.8	73.5	74.2
French	1,025	495	525	1.2	1.1	1.2
Non-official languages	18,600	9,305	9,295	21.2	21.5	20.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,495	9,265	9,225	21.1	21.4	20.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,565	775	790	1.8	1.8	1.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	370	180	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bilen	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	240	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,185	590	590	1.3	1.4	1.3
Amharic	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	865	415	450	1.0	1.0	1.0
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	225	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	770	370	400	0.9	0.9	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	750	365	390	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,370	1,120	1,250	2.7	2.6	2.8
Bikol	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,970	940	1,030	2.2	2.2	2.3
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	485	280	205	0.6	0.6	0.5
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	215	125	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	145	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,770	4,540	4,230	10.0	10.5	9.5
Albanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,285	560	730	1.5	1.3	1.6
Baltic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,265	545	720	1.4	1.3	1.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	350	155	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	500	200	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	825	400	430	0.9	0.9	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	655	300	355	0.7	0.7	0.8
German	645	295	350	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,605	3,040	2,570	6.4	7.0	5.8
Indo-Aryan languages	5,095	2,765	2,330	5.8	6.4	5.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	600	320	285	0.7	0.7	0.6
Gujarati	855	500	355	1.0	1.2	0.8
Hindi	555	310	245	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	275	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,735	950	785	2.0	2.2	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	935	470	465	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	505	265	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dari	130	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	850	435	415	1.0	1.0	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	565	290	275	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	245	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	480	245	240	0.5	0.6	0.5
Akan (Twi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,310	1,625	1,690	3.8	3.8	3.8
Chinese languages	3,120	1,525	1,590	3.6	3.5	3.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,190	1,065	1,125	2.5	2.5	2.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	810	405	400	0.9	0.9	0.9
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,350	1,680	1,670	3.8	3.9	3.7
English and French	275	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,600	1,315	1,285	3.0	3.0	2.9
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	350	165	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,295	32,485	33,815	75.5	75.1	75.9
French	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	5,415	2,675	2,745	6.2	6.2	6.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	5,405	2,670	2,735	6.2	6.2	6.1
English and French	845	390	455	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	13,875	7,035	6,835	15.8	16.3	15.3
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	420	190	230	0.5	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	620	315	305	0.7	0.7	0.7
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,060	41,315	42,740	95.7	95.5	95.9
Official languages	72,145	35,330	36,820	82.1	81.7	82.6
English	71,695	35,105	36,590	81.6	81.1	82.1
French	450	220	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	11,915	5,990	5,925	13.6	13.8	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,890	5,990	5,905	13.5	13.8	13.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,100	520	575	1.3	1.2	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	805	385	425	0.9	0.9	1.0
Amharic	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	585	270	310	0.7	0.6	0.7
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	630	315	315	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	620	310	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,540	735	805	1.8	1.7	1.8
Bikol	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,345	645	700	1.5	1.5	1.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	345	195	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,115	2,690	2,425	5.8	6.2	5.4
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	550	270	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	535	260	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	4,050	2,170	1,880	4.6	5.0	4.2
Indo-Aryan languages	3,705	1,990	1,710	4.2	4.6	3.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	380	195	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	625	360	265	0.7	0.8	0.6
Hindi	370	210	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,420	765	650	1.6	1.8	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	620	310	310	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	350	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	260	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	350	170	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	175	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,590	1,270	1,320	2.9	2.9	3.0
Chinese languages	2,435	1,185	1,250	2.8	2.7	2.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,815	885	930	2.1	2.0	2.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	555	275	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,770	1,945	1,825	4.3	4.5	4.1
English and French	125	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,490	1,800	1,685	4.0	4.2	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,915	36,800	38,110	85.3	85.1	85.5
English	4,855	2,465	2,390	5.5	5.7	5.4
French	745	330	415	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	5,195	2,590	2,605	5.9	6.0	5.8
Indigenous³⁹	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	5,095	2,545	2,550	5.8	5.9	5.7
English and French	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,150	605	550	1.3	1.4	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	720	365	355	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,445	43,150	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	85,830	42,445	43,385	98.2	98.4	98.0
English	85,790	42,420	43,370	98.1	98.3	97.9
French	5,910	2,805	3,110	6.8	6.5	7.0
Non-official languages	24,620	12,255	12,365	28.2	28.4	27.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	315	145	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	105	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	120	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,325	12,115	12,210	27.8	28.1	27.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,250	1,165	1,085	2.6	2.7	2.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hausa	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	470	235	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bilen	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages	1,875	980	895	2.1	2.3	2.0
Amharic	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	1,360	735	625	1.6	1.7	1.4
Aramaic languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	145	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	395	200	195	0.5	0.5	0.4
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,075	515	560	1.2	1.2	1.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Vietnamese	1,020	485	535	1.2	1.1	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,030	1,490	1,545	3.5	3.5	3.5
Bikol	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	90	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,940	1,440	1,495	3.4	3.3	3.4
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	705	355	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	325	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	230	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Telugu	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,785	5,900	5,885	13.5	13.7	13.3
Albanian	115	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,655	745	915	1.9	1.7	2.1
Baltic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,635	735	900	1.9	1.7	2.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	690	330	360	0.8	0.8	0.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	155	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	695	270	425	0.8	0.6	1.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,100	530	575	1.3	1.2	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	845	375	470	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	815	365	455	0.9	0.8	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	90	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dutch	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	7,430	3,885	3,540	8.5	9.0	8.0
Indo-Aryan languages	6,825	3,565	3,255	7.8	8.3	7.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	800	385	420	0.9	0.9	0.9
Gujarati	1,150	665	490	1.3	1.5	1.1
Hindi	3,325	1,750	1,575	3.8	4.1	3.6
Kacchi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	120	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nepali	295	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,575	1,400	1,175	2.9	3.2	2.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,540	825	715	1.8	1.9	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	670	360	305	0.8	0.8	0.7
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	540	285	250	0.6	0.7	0.6
Dari	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iranian Persian	295	160	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,530	725	810	1.7	1.7	1.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	250	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,085	520	570	1.2	1.2	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	250	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,360	695	665	1.6	1.6	1.5
Akan (Twi)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	235	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	260	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	550	300	255	0.6	0.7	0.6
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dinka	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,850	1,910	1,940	4.4	4.4	4.4
Chinese languages	3,615	1,815	1,800	4.1	4.2	4.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,935	1,465	1,465	3.4	3.4	3.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	985	500	490	1.1	1.2	1.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	235	100	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Burmese	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	175	65	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	145	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,440	43,155	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,555	3,675	3,880	8.6	8.5	8.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,395	3,590	3,805	8.5	8.3	8.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,720	2,230	2,495	5.4	5.2	5.6
Métis	2,645	1,350	1,295	3.0	3.1	2.9
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous identity	79,885	39,475	40,405	91.4	91.5	91.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,440	43,155	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,120	1,955	2,160	4.7	4.5	4.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	83,325	41,195	42,125	95.3	95.5	95.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,700	...	...	64.9	...	...
Renter	12,810	...	...	35.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,840	...	...	18.7	...	...
Not condominium	29,670	...	...	81.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	5,255	...	...	14.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,995	...	...	24.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,400	...	...	31.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,585	...	...	29.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,815	...	...	32.4	...	...
5 rooms	5,305	...	...	14.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,620	...	...	12.7	...	...
7 rooms	4,130	...	...	11.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,640	...	...	29.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,405	...	...	97.0	...	...
More than one person per room	1,100	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	34,420	...	...	94.3	...	...
Not suitable	2,090	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,740	...	...	18.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,740	...	...	29.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,795	...	...	15.9	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,120	...	...	8.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,125	...	...	5.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,315	...	...	6.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,030	...	...	8.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,640	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,980	...	...	93.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,525	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,750	...	...	51.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,115	...	...	44.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,640	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,635	...	...	4.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,865	...	...	16.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,025	...	...	19.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,965	...	...	16.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,530	...	...	17.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,200	...	...	14.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,880	...	...	7.9	...	...
85 years and over	1,400	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,205	...	...	80.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,090	...	...	19.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,410	...	...	17.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,695	...	...	29.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,250	...	...	17.1	...	...
Not suitable only	1,655	...	...	4.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,800	...	...	4.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	265	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	555	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,815	...	...	70.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,710	...	...	10.4	...	...
Not in core need	31,905	...	...	89.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,700	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.8	...	...	59.8	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,340	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,474	...	...	1,474	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	387,200	...	...	387,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,810	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.5	...	...	16.5	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.4	...	...	22.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...	1,120	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,209	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,445	43,155	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,085	1,910	2,170	4.7	4.4	4.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,955	1,860	2,090	4.5	4.3	4.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,400	1,545	1,855	3.9	3.6	4.2
Métis single ancestry	545	315	225	0.6	0.7	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	135	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	135	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,565	1,755	1,810	4.1	4.1	4.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,420	1,690	1,730	3.9	3.9	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,005	985	1,020	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,410	705	705	1.6	1.6	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	79,790	39,485	40,305	91.2	91.5	91.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,440	43,155	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	75,235	36,945	38,290	86.0	85.6	86.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,585	8,375	8,210	19.0	19.4	18.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	58,655	28,570	30,085	67.1	66.2	67.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	12,205	6,210	6,000	14.0	14.4	13.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,440	43,155	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	65,160	31,875	33,285	74.5	73.9	75.2
Immigrants⁸¹	19,325	9,620	9,710	22.1	22.3	21.9
Before 1980	1,645	820	825	1.9	1.9	1.9
1980 to 1990	940	460	480	1.1	1.1	1.1
1991 to 2000	1,225	570	655	1.4	1.3	1.5
2001 to 2010	3,585	1,770	1,810	4.1	4.1	4.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	11,940	6,000	5,940	13.7	13.9	13.4
2011 to 2015	5,310	2,705	2,610	6.1	6.3	5.9
2016 to 2021	6,630	3,295	3,335	7.6	7.6	7.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,955	1,660	1,290	3.4	3.8	2.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,325	9,620	9,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,715	885	830	8.9	9.2	8.6
5 to 14 years	3,440	1,885	1,555	17.8	19.6	16.0
15 to 24 years	3,205	1,485	1,725	16.6	15.4	17.8
25 to 44 years	9,215	4,440	4,775	47.7	46.2	49.2
45 years and over	1,745	920	820	9.0	9.6	8.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,325	9,620	9,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,355	655	705	7.0	6.8	7.3
Brazil	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	50	40	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
El Salvador	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4
Guyana	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	260	120	140	1.3	1.2	1.4
Mexico	175	95	80	0.9	1.0	0.8
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	445	190	255	2.3	2.0	2.6
Other places of birth in Americas	235	115	120	1.2	1.2	1.2
Europe	2,430	1,200	1,230	12.6	12.5	12.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	135	70	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Croatia	145	80	60	0.8	0.8	0.6
France	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Germany	210	85	130	1.1	0.9	1.3
Greece	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hungary	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Italy	130	65	60	0.7	0.7	0.6
Netherlands	50	30	15	0.3	0.3	0.2
Poland	105	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portugal	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	85	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	335	130	210	1.7	1.4	2.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	525	265	260	2.7	2.8	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	375	210	160	1.9	2.2	1.6
Africa	2,885	1,515	1,370	14.9	15.7	14.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Egypt	125	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6
Eritrea	245	105	140	1.3	1.1	1.4
Ethiopia	140	70	65	0.7	0.7	0.7
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	870	470	400	4.5	4.9	4.1
Somalia	160	80	80	0.8	0.8	0.8
South Africa, Republic of	185	115	75	1.0	1.2	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	1,060	555	510	5.5	5.8	5.3
Asia	12,600	6,240	6,365	65.2	64.9	65.6
Afghanistan	165	75	95	0.9	0.8	1.0
Iran⁸⁸	170	105	65	0.9	1.1	0.7
Iraq	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Lebanon	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	295	130	160	1.5	1.4	1.6
Turkey	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
China⁹⁰	2,035	970	1,060	10.5	10.1	10.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	135	75	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	215	90	125	1.1	0.9	1.3
Taiwan	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	3,055	1,495	1,565	15.8	15.5	16.1
Viet Nam	700	315	385	3.6	3.3	4.0
Bangladesh	495	275	225	2.6	2.9	2.3
India	2,950	1,535	1,415	15.3	16.0	14.6
Pakistan	1,140	570	570	5.9	5.9	5.9
Sri Lanka	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	1,015	480	540	5.3	5.0	5.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,630	3,295	3,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	365	190	175	5.5	5.8	5.3
Brazil	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	135	60	70	2.0	1.8	2.1
Mexico	45	30	15	0.7	0.9	0.5
United States of America	105	45	60	1.6	1.4	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	60	35	30	0.9	1.1	0.9
Europe	325	185	140	4.9	5.6	4.2
France	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Germany	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	45	25	25	0.7	0.8	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	30	0.9	1.1	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	135	90	45	2.0	2.7	1.4
Africa	1,410	715	695	21.3	21.7	20.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3
Côte d'Ivoire	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Egypt	45	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.8
Eritrea	140	55	80	2.1	1.7	2.4
Ethiopia	50	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	600	330	265	9.0	10.0	8.0
Somalia	60	30	35	0.9	0.9	1.1
South Africa, Republic of	60	40	20	0.9	1.2	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	95	55	45	1.4	1.7	1.4
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	290	135	160	4.4	4.1	4.8
Asia	4,505	2,205	2,310	67.9	66.9	69.4
Afghanistan	70	25	45	1.1	0.8	1.4
Bangladesh	215	110	105	3.2	3.3	3.2
China⁹⁰	850	435	415	12.8	13.2	12.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,505	735	770	22.7	22.3	23.1
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Jordan	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	30	0.7	0.5	0.9
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	260	130	135	3.9	3.9	4.1
Philippines	865	420	445	13.0	12.7	13.4
Saudi Arabia	80	35	45	1.2	1.1	1.4
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	220	110	110	3.3	3.3	3.3
Turkey	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Viet Nam	145	55	90	2.2	1.7	2.7
Other places of birth in Asia	85	50	35	1.3	1.5	1.1
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,440	43,155	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,715	11,460	11,255	26.0	26.6	25.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,090	5,755	6,335	13.8	13.3	14.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	52,640	25,940	26,700	60.2	60.1	60.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	17,685	8,795	8,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	11,835	6,160	5,680	66.9	70.0	63.9
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,950	3,200	1,755	28.0	36.4	19.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,885	2,960	3,925	38.9	33.7	44.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,160	1,235	1,925	17.9	14.0	21.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,640	1,380	1,260	14.9	15.7	14.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	17,685	8,795	8,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	305	165	140	1.7	1.9	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,095	1,145	950	11.8	13.0	10.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	645	330	315	3.6	3.8	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,630	940	685	9.2	10.7	7.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,935	6,185	6,750	73.1	70.3	75.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,445	43,155	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	24,865	12,620	12,245	28.4	29.2	27.6
South Asian	7,970	4,170	3,800	9.1	9.7	8.6
Chinese	3,855	1,975	1,880	4.4	4.6	4.2
Black	4,320	2,205	2,115	4.9	5.1	4.8
Filipino	3,635	1,760	1,880	4.2	4.1	4.2
Arab	1,040	545	495	1.2	1.3	1.1
Latin American	590	300	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
Southeast Asian	1,545	740	805	1.8	1.7	1.8
West Asian	590	295	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	225	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	635	315	320	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	62,580	30,530	32,045	71.6	70.7	72.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,445	43,155	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,050	3,495	3,560	8.1	8.1	8.0
English	15,820	7,650	8,175	18.1	17.7	18.5
Irish	10,735	5,005	5,730	12.3	11.6	12.9
Scottish	13,075	6,370	6,700	15.0	14.8	15.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,760	3,380	3,380	7.7	7.8	7.6
German	21,105	10,305	10,805	24.1	23.9	24.4
Chinese	3,940	1,980	1,970	4.5	4.6	4.4
Italian	1,175	525	650	1.3	1.2	1.5
Indian (India)	3,860	2,060	1,795	4.4	4.8	4.1
Ukrainian	10,020	4,770	5,255	11.5	11.1	11.9
Dutch	1,680	840	840	1.9	1.9	1.9
Polish	4,370	2,090	2,280	5.0	4.8	5.1
Québécois	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,890	950	940	2.2	2.2	2.1
Filipino	3,310	1,590	1,720	3.8	3.7	3.9
French Canadian	410	225	185	0.5	0.5	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,010	565	445	1.2	1.3	1.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,985	1,435	1,555	3.4	3.3	3.5
Métis	2,210	1,125	1,085	2.5	2.6	2.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,040	530	510	1.2	1.2	1.2
Russian	2,445	1,205	1,240	2.8	2.8	2.8
Norwegian	3,675	1,745	1,930	4.2	4.0	4.4
Welsh	1,350	715	630	1.5	1.7	1.4
Portuguese	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	945	510	435	1.1	1.2	1.0
Spanish	555	235	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	1,880	920	960	2.1	2.1	2.2
Hungarian	3,165	1,575	1,590	3.6	3.6	3.6
Acadian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	1,250	630	615	1.4	1.5	1.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	670	355	320	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jewish	335	170	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	780	420	365	0.9	1.0	0.8
Vietnamese	1,000	505	495	1.1	1.2	1.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	535	295	245	0.6	0.7	0.6
Greek	405	220	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	940	490	455	1.1	1.1	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,335	595	735	1.5	1.4	1.7
Korean	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	1,530	725	800	1.7	1.7	1.8
Lebanese	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	275	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	770	340	430	0.9	0.8	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	615	310	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	470	250	220	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	2,425	1,155	1,270	2.8	2.7	2.9
Belgian	670	365	305	0.8	0.8	0.7
Haitian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	605	315	290	0.7	0.7	0.7
Mexican	335	165	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	275	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Swiss	325	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	280	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lankan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	365	195	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Japanese	245	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	230	105	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	190	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Muslim	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	540	220	315	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	380	200	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	195	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	230	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	55	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Turkish	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	485	230	255	0.6	0.5	0.6
Algerian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	120	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigerian	650	360	280	0.7	0.8	0.6
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	310	125	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Taiwanese	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	130	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	450	235	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Berber	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Eritrean	425	210	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
African Canadian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	150	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	295	170	125	0.3	0.4	0.3
Byelorussian	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Malaysian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	470	230	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Buddhist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	340	155	185	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tigrinya	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malay	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,445	43,155	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	800	370	425	0.9	0.9	1.0
Christian	45,915	21,380	24,530	52.5	49.5	55.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,090	3,385	3,710	8.1	7.8	8.4
Anabaptist	195	60	130	0.2	0.1	0.3
Anglican	1,855	865	990	2.1	2.0	2.2
Baptist	1,175	495	680	1.3	1.1	1.5
Catholic	20,585	9,785	10,800	23.5	22.7	24.4
Christian Orthodox	1,525	745	780	1.7	1.7	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	450	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	150	105	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Lutheran	4,200	1,945	2,255	4.8	4.5	5.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,160	545	615	1.3	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	435	210	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Reformed	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	5,035	2,070	2,965	5.8	4.8	6.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,920	905	1,020	2.2	2.1	2.3
Hindu	2,940	1,525	1,415	3.4	3.5	3.2
Jewish	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	4,645	2,350	2,295	5.3	5.4	5.2
Sikh	1,750	945	805	2.0	2.2	1.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	400	150	245	0.5	0.3	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	635	305	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	30,170	16,020	14,150	34.5	37.1	31.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	86,385	42,575	43,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	72,485	35,635	36,855	83.9	83.7	84.1
Movers	13,895	6,940	6,955	16.1	16.3	15.9
Non-migrants	10,375	5,110	5,260	12.0	12.0	12.0
Migrants	3,525	1,825	1,700	4.1	4.3	3.9
Internal migrants	2,570	1,345	1,225	3.0	3.2	2.8
Intraprovincial migrants	1,590	800	790	1.8	1.9	1.8
Interprovincial migrants	970	540	435	1.1	1.3	1.0
External migrants	960	490	475	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	82,450	40,665	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	45,990	22,625	23,360	55.8	55.6	55.9
Movers	36,460	18,040	18,420	44.2	44.4	44.1
Non-migrants	21,390	10,635	10,755	25.9	26.2	25.7
Migrants	15,065	7,410	7,665	18.3	18.2	18.3
Internal migrants	8,535	4,120	4,420	10.4	10.1	10.6
Intraprovincial migrants	5,630	2,655	2,975	6.8	6.5	7.1
Interprovincial migrants	2,905	1,465	1,440	3.5	3.6	3.4
External migrants	6,530	3,290	3,245	7.9	8.1	7.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,615	35,085	36,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,060	5,235	4,825	14.0	14.9	13.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,550	29,850	31,700	85.9	85.1	86.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,350	23,010	23,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,645	2,140	1,505	7.9	9.3	6.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,705	20,880	21,835	92.1	90.7	93.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,610	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,140	4,605	4,535	12.8	13.1	12.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,490	11,015	10,480	30.0	31.4	28.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,985	19,465	21,515	57.2	55.5	58.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,265	8,780	9,485	25.5	25.0	26.0
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,965	3,495	1,470	6.9	10.0	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,075	1,130	945	2.9	3.2	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,895	2,365	525	4.0	6.7	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,840	3,885	5,950	13.7	11.1	16.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,455	1,395	2,060	4.8	4.0	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,715	10,685	12,030	31.7	30.5	32.9
Bachelor's degree	15,495	7,180	8,305	21.6	20.5	22.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,175	560	615	1.6	1.6	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	755	375	375	1.1	1.1	1.0
Master's degree	4,490	2,085	2,400	6.3	5.9	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	805	480	325	1.1	1.4	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,350	23,010	23,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,205	1,820	1,385	6.9	7.9	5.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,860	6,370	5,490	25.6	27.7	23.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,285	14,825	16,460	67.5	64.4	70.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,955	6,360	6,595	28.0	27.6	28.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,580	2,565	1,015	7.7	11.1	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,420	775	645	3.1	3.4	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,160	1,785	370	4.7	7.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,170	2,875	4,295	15.5	12.5	18.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,205	925	1,280	4.8	4.0	5.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,330	8,465	9,865	39.5	36.8	42.3
Bachelor's degree	12,370	5,705	6,665	26.7	24.8	28.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	910	435	475	2.0	1.9	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	645	290	355	1.4	1.3	1.5
Master's degree	3,800	1,695	2,110	8.2	7.4	9.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	605	345	265	1.3	1.5	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,630	15,620	15,015	42.8	44.5	41.1
Education	3,450	980	2,475	4.8	2.8	6.8
13. Education	3,450	980	2,475	4.8	2.8	6.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,085	520	565	1.5	1.5	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	925	405	515	1.3	1.2	1.4
Humanities	2,030	790	1,240	2.8	2.3	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	40	140	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	550	155	395	0.8	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	175	350	0.7	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	300	175	130	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	265	160	100	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,955	1,635	2,320	5.5	4.7	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	500	245	255	0.7	0.7	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	495	25	470	0.7	0.1	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	670	380	285	0.9	1.1	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	805	250	560	1.1	0.7	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,365	700	665	1.9	2.0	1.8
Business, management and public administration	10,555	4,270	6,285	14.7	12.2	17.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	890	305	590	1.2	0.9	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,650	3,965	5,690	13.5	11.3	15.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,360	640	720	1.9	1.8	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	525	235	285	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	325	125	200	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	430	260	175	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,300	1,545	760	3.2	4.4	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,930	1,350	580	2.7	3.8	1.6
25. Library science	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	285	160	125	0.4	0.5	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,470	6,565	905	10.4	18.7	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	255	145	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	2,420	1,920	500	3.4	5.5	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,515	1,375	140	2.1	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,495	1,440	50	2.1	4.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,065	1,040	25	1.5	3.0	0.1
48. Precision production	720	650	70	1.0	1.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	465	290	1.0	1.3	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595	360	230	0.8	1.0	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	100	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	6,295	1,350	4,940	8.8	3.8	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	475	245	230	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,570	955	4,610	7.8	2.7	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	235	140	95	0.3	0.4	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,725	710	1,005	2.4	2.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,155	280	875	1.6	0.8	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	340	230	110	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	195	15	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,350	23,010	23,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,065	8,185	6,875	32.5	35.6	29.5
Education	2,145	590	1,555	4.6	2.6	6.7
13. Education	2,145	590	1,555	4.6	2.6	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	865	405	460	1.9	1.8	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	80	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	745	330	420	1.6	1.4	1.8
Humanities	1,455	550	905	3.1	2.4	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	20	100	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	410	115	295	0.9	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	400	135	260	0.9	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	115	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	190	110	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,170	1,265	1,905	6.8	5.5	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	455	230	225	1.0	1.0	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	415	25	390	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	490	255	235	1.1	1.1	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	570	165	400	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,130	555	575	2.4	2.4	2.5
Business, management and public administration	8,400	3,350	5,050	18.1	14.6	21.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	705	225	475	1.5	1.0	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,685	3,120	4,565	16.6	13.6	19.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,060	475	585	2.3	2.1	2.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	165	220	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	100	155	0.6	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	355	195	150	0.8	0.8	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,895	1,240	655	4.1	5.4	2.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,615	1,110	510	3.5	4.8	2.2
25. Library science	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	215	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,770	5,015	750	12.4	21.8	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	185	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	2,030	1,595	440	4.4	6.9	1.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,135	1,005	130	2.4	4.4	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,125	1,090	40	2.4	4.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	755	740	10	1.6	3.2	0.0
48. Precision production	535	490	45	1.2	2.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	545	315	230	1.2	1.4	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400	225	175	0.9	1.0	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	95	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	4,685	1,045	3,640	10.1	4.5	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	160	185	0.7	0.7	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,130	765	3,365	8.9	3.3	14.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	120	90	0.5	0.5	0.4
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,300	580	720	2.8	2.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	850	235	615	1.8	1.0	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	280	195	85	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	145	15	0.3	0.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,350	23,010	23,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,065	8,185	6,875	32.5	35.6	29.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,285	14,825	16,460	67.5	64.4	70.5
Location of study inside Canada	23,550	11,095	12,455	50.8	48.2	53.4
Same as province or territory of residence	19,405	9,040	10,365	41.9	39.3	44.4
Different than province or territory of residence	4,140	2,060	2,085	8.9	9.0	8.9
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,735	3,730	4,010	16.7	16.2	17.2
Americas	745	395	350	1.6	1.7	1.5
United States of America	530	295	235	1.1	1.3	1.0
Mexico	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	825	445	380	1.8	1.9	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian Federation	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	170	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	300	170	130	0.6	0.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Africa	790	415	370	1.7	1.8	1.6
Nigeria	395	240	160	0.9	1.0	0.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	260	105	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
Asia	5,270	2,410	2,860	11.4	10.5	12.3
Iran⁸⁸	120	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Iraq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	820	375	445	1.8	1.6	1.9
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,275	545	735	2.8	2.4	3.1
Viet Nam	180	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bangladesh	235	105	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,855	940	920	4.0	4.1	3.9
Pakistan	390	175	220	0.8	0.8	0.9
Other locations of study in Asia	140	50	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Oceania	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	80	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	71,615	35,085	36,530	...	...	...
In the labour force	47,895	25,015	22,880	...	...	...
Employed	43,120	22,440	20,680	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,780	2,575	2,205	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,720	10,070	13,650	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.9	71.3	62.6	66.9	71.3	62.6
Employment rate	60.2	64.0	56.6	60.2	64.0	56.6
Unemployment rate	10.0	10.3	9.6	10.0	10.3	9.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,535	10,770	13,765	34.3	30.7	37.7
Worked	47,075	24,320	22,760	65.7	69.3	62.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,500	14,595	11,905	37.0	41.6	32.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,580	9,725	10,855	28.7	27.7	29.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.5	41.0	41.8	42.5	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,895	25,010	22,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,455	770	685	3.0	3.1	3.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,440	24,240	22,195	97.0	96.9	97.0
Employee	40,905	20,855	20,050	85.4	83.4	87.6
Permanent position	33,455	17,270	16,180	69.9	69.1	70.7
Temporary position	7,450	3,580	3,865	15.6	14.3	16.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,450	1,160	1,290	5.1	4.6	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,000	2,420	2,580	10.4	9.7	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,535	3,385	2,150	11.6	13.5	9.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,895	25,010	22,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,455	770	685	3.0	3.1	3.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,440	24,240	22,195	97.0	96.9	97.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	595	360	235	1.2	1.4	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,860	3,120	5,740	18.5	12.5	25.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,065	3,040	1,020	8.5	12.2	4.5
3 Health occupations	4,020	880	3,140	8.4	3.5	13.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,510	2,405	4,105	13.6	9.6	17.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,205	545	655	2.5	2.2	2.9
6 Sales and service occupations	12,605	6,070	6,540	26.3	24.3	28.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,640	6,125	515	13.9	24.5	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	775	645	130	1.6	2.6	0.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,170	1,055	115	2.4	4.2	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,895	25,010	22,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,455	770	685	3.0	3.1	3.0
All industries¹⁹¹	46,440	24,240	22,195	97.0	96.9	97.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	445	320	125	0.9	1.3	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	370	315	50	0.8	1.3	0.2
22 Utilities	775	460	315	1.6	1.8	1.4
23 Construction	2,880	2,480	395	6.0	9.9	1.7
31-33 Manufacturing	1,890	1,565	325	3.9	6.3	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	1,620	1,190	430	3.4	4.8	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	5,530	2,860	2,670	11.5	11.4	11.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,855	1,560	300	3.9	6.2	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,360	795	560	2.8	3.2	2.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,740	1,265	1,480	5.7	5.1	6.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	745	415	330	1.6	1.7	1.4
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,285	1,900	1,385	6.9	7.6	6.1
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,675	1,005	670	3.5	4.0	2.9
61 Educational services	3,715	1,300	2,410	7.8	5.2	10.5
62 Health care and social assistance	6,370	1,430	4,945	13.3	5.7	21.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	960	500	460	2.0	2.0	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	3,430	1,670	1,760	7.2	6.7	7.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,115	905	1,210	4.4	3.6	5.3
91 Public administration	4,620	2,270	2,345	9.6	9.1	10.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,575	26,150	24,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,285	25,025	23,255	95.5	95.7	95.2
French	190	50	140	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official language	380	175	200	0.8	0.7	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	380	175	200	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	505	205	300	1.0	0.8	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	1,160	660	500	2.3	2.5	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,575	26,150	24,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	50,255	25,990	24,260	99.4	99.4	99.3
Official languages	49,695	25,690	24,005	98.3	98.2	98.3
English	49,370	25,605	23,760	97.6	97.9	97.3
French	325	85	245	0.6	0.3	1.0
Non-official languages	560	305	255	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	555	300	255	1.1	1.1	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	375	220	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Chinese languages	365	215	150	0.7	0.8	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	155	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	320	150	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
English and French	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	235	120	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,575	26,150	24,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,125	25,380	23,755	97.1	97.1	97.2
English	280	140	140	0.6	0.5	0.6
French	315	145	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	675	375	305	1.3	1.4	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	665	375	295	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	90	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,120	22,440	20,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,370	4,430	4,935	21.7	19.7	23.9
Worked outside Canada	60	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
No fixed workplace address	4,500	3,440	1,055	10.4	15.3	5.1
Usual place of work	29,190	14,515	14,680	67.7	64.7	71.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,195	14,515	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,700	12,830	13,870	91.5	88.4	94.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,885	1,275	605	6.5	8.8	4.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	430	280	150	1.5	1.9	1.0
Commute to a different province or territory	175	130	45	0.6	0.9	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,690	17,960	15,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,085	16,360	13,725	89.3	91.1	87.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,670	15,590	12,085	82.1	86.8	76.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,415	775	1,640	7.2	4.3	10.4
Public transit	1,200	515	685	3.6	2.9	4.4
Walked	1,445	650	795	4.3	3.6	5.1
Bicycle	195	120	80	0.6	0.7	0.5
Other method	765	310	450	2.3	1.7	2.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,690	17,960	15,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,190	7,745	7,440	45.1	43.1	47.3
15 to 29 minutes	15,250	8,240	7,010	45.3	45.9	44.6
30 to 44 minutes	1,870	1,125	750	5.6	6.3	4.8
45 to 59 minutes	655	370	285	1.9	2.1	1.8
60 minutes and over	725	475	250	2.2	2.6	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,690	17,960	15,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,435	1,035	400	4.3	5.8	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,845	2,925	1,925	14.4	16.3	12.2
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,555	5,510	5,045	31.3	30.7	32.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,010	3,295	3,715	20.8	18.3	23.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,585	2,210	2,370	13.6	12.3	15.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,265	2,985	2,280	15.6	16.6	14.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,160	9,805	9,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,650	815	830	8.6	8.3	8.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,510	8,990	8,525	91.4	91.7	91.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,700	7,045	6,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,235	610	625	9.0	8.7	9.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	895	430	460	6.5	6.1	6.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	340	180	160	2.5	2.6	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,465	6,430	6,035	91.0	91.3	90.6

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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