Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina--WascanaMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)] Remove						SaskatchewanMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...	1,132,505	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...	1,098,352	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...	513,725	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...	449,581	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...	577,060.40	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,065	43,730	45,330	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,132,505	563,120	569,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,820	8,065	7,755	17.8	18.4	17.1	223,115	114,360	108,755	19.7	20.3	19.1
0 to 4 years	5,075	2,560	2,515	5.7	5.9	5.5	69,455	35,555	33,900	6.1	6.3	6.0
5 to 9 years	5,380	2,705	2,680	6.0	6.2	5.9	76,545	39,210	37,340	6.8	7.0	6.6
10 to 14 years	5,365	2,805	2,560	6.0	6.4	5.6	77,120	39,600	37,520	6.8	7.0	6.6
15 to 64 years	58,145	29,140	29,010	65.3	66.6	64.0	711,405	357,000	354,410	62.8	63.4	62.2
15 to 19 years	5,190	2,695	2,500	5.8	6.2	5.5	68,510	35,525	32,985	6.0	6.3	5.8
20 to 24 years	6,220	3,260	2,965	7.0	7.5	6.5	66,870	34,580	32,295	5.9	6.1	5.7
25 to 29 years	6,280	3,165	3,115	7.1	7.2	6.9	70,030	35,420	34,605	6.2	6.3	6.1
30 to 34 years	6,585	3,245	3,340	7.4	7.4	7.4	78,380	38,930	39,450	6.9	6.9	6.9
35 to 39 years	6,670	3,350	3,320	7.5	7.7	7.3	79,420	39,380	40,040	7.0	7.0	7.0
40 to 44 years	6,045	3,040	3,005	6.8	7.0	6.6	73,055	36,670	36,380	6.5	6.5	6.4
45 to 49 years	5,345	2,650	2,695	6.0	6.1	5.9	65,075	32,425	32,655	5.7	5.8	5.7
50 to 54 years	4,990	2,485	2,500	5.6	5.7	5.5	62,745	31,300	31,440	5.5	5.6	5.5
55 to 59 years	5,480	2,660	2,825	6.2	6.1	6.2	73,165	36,045	37,120	6.5	6.4	6.5
60 to 64 years	5,340	2,595	2,745	6.0	5.9	6.1	74,155	36,725	37,430	6.5	6.5	6.6
65 years and over	15,095	6,530	8,565	16.9	14.9	18.9	197,980	91,765	106,215	17.5	16.3	18.7
65 to 69 years	4,615	2,235	2,375	5.2	5.1	5.2	64,770	32,140	32,630	5.7	5.7	5.7
70 to 74 years	3,630	1,660	1,965	4.1	3.8	4.3	48,945	23,790	25,160	4.3	4.2	4.4
75 to 79 years	2,495	1,115	1,380	2.8	2.5	3.0	33,045	15,605	17,445	2.9	2.8	3.1
80 to 84 years	1,920	720	1,205	2.2	1.6	2.7	23,460	10,290	13,170	2.1	1.8	2.3
85 years and over	2,440	795	1,645	2.7	1.8	3.6	27,765	9,945	17,820	2.5	1.8	3.1
85 to 89 years	1,330	445	885	1.5	1.0	2.0	16,165	6,290	9,870	1.4	1.1	1.7
90 to 94 years	870	285	585	1.0	0.7	1.3	8,715	2,965	5,750	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	210	60	150	0.2	0.1	0.3	2,435	625	1,810	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	450	60	385	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.8	18.4	17.1	17.8	18.4	17.1	19.7	20.3	19.1	19.7	20.3	19.1
15 to 64 years	65.3	66.6	64.0	65.3	66.6	64.0	62.8	63.4	62.2	62.8	63.4	62.2
65 years and over	16.9	14.9	18.9	16.9	14.9	18.9	17.5	16.3	18.7	17.5	16.3	18.7
85 years and over	2.7	1.8	3.6	2.7	1.8	3.6	2.5	1.8	3.1	2.5	1.8	3.1
Average age of the population	39.9	38.6	41.1	39.9	38.6	41.1	39.8	38.9	40.7	39.8	38.9	40.7
Median age of the population	38.4	37.2	39.6	38.4	37.2	39.6	38.8	38.0	39.6	38.8	38.0	39.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	36,485	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	20,900	...	...	57.3	...	...	322,070	...	...	71.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,170	...	...	3.2	...	...	13,680	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	2,710	...	...	7.4	...	...	19,860	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	825	...	...	2.3	...	...	11,240	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,120	...	...	22.3	...	...	61,855	...	...	13.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	2,605	...	...	7.1	...	...	11,040	...	...	2.5	...	...
Other single-attached house	20	...	...	0.1	...	...	755	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	140	...	...	0.4	...	...	9,090	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,615	...	...	31.8	...	...	130,110	...	...	28.9	...	...
2 persons	11,855	...	...	32.5	...	...	158,555	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	5,120	...	...	14.0	...	...	60,185	...	...	13.4	...	...
4 persons	4,830	...	...	13.2	...	...	57,860	...	...	12.9	...	...
5 or more persons	3,065	...	...	8.4	...	...	42,875	...	...	9.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,305	43,045	44,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,205	549,475	553,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	73,240	35,665	37,575	100.0	100.0	100.0	909,390	448,765	460,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	40,500	20,250	20,255	55.3	56.8	53.9	526,835	263,575	263,255	57.9	58.7	57.2
Married	34,485	17,245	17,235	47.1	48.4	45.9	440,040	220,210	219,830	48.4	49.1	47.7
Living common-law	6,020	3,000	3,015	8.2	8.4	8.0	86,795	43,365	43,430	9.5	9.7	9.4
Living common law - Never married	4,645	2,335	2,310	6.3	6.5	6.1	65,395	32,860	32,530	7.2	7.3	7.1
Living common law - Separated	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,075	1,580	1,495	0.3	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,085	525	565	1.5	1.5	1.5	16,305	8,125	8,185	1.8	1.8	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	125	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2	2,025	800	1,220	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	32,735	15,415	17,325	44.7	43.2	46.1	382,560	185,185	197,370	42.1	41.3	42.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,600	12,275	10,330	30.9	34.4	27.5	258,905	142,445	116,460	28.5	31.7	25.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,500	645	855	2.0	1.8	2.3	20,685	9,310	11,375	2.3	2.1	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,455	1,715	2,740	6.1	4.8	7.3	50,635	22,150	28,485	5.6	4.9	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,180	780	3,405	5.7	2.2	9.1	52,330	11,280	41,050	5.8	2.5	8.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,535	...	...	100.0	...	...	308,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,790	...	...	50.1	...	...	160,870	...	...	52.1	...	...
3 persons	4,880	...	...	20.7	...	...	58,650	...	...	19.0	...	...
4 persons	4,620	...	...	19.6	...	...	55,775	...	...	18.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,250	...	...	9.6	...	...	33,390	...	...	10.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,535	...	...	100.0	...	...	308,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,660	...	...	83.5	...	...	255,910	...	...	82.9	...	...
Married couples	16,655	...	...	70.8	...	...	212,520	...	...	68.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,175	...	...	39.0	...	...	106,385	...	...	34.5	...	...
Without children	7,480	...	...	31.8	...	...	106,135	...	...	34.4	...	...
Common-law couples	3,005	...	...	12.8	...	...	43,395	...	...	14.1	...	...
With children⁶	1,020	...	...	4.3	...	...	18,190	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	1,985	...	...	8.4	...	...	25,205	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,870	...	...	16.4	...	...	52,775	...	...	17.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,020	...	...	12.8	...	...	39,825	...	...	12.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	855	...	...	3.6	...	...	12,955	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,305	43,045	44,255	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,205	549,475	553,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	68,985	34,175	34,815	79.0	79.4	78.7	903,775	448,945	454,830	81.9	81.7	82.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	39,320	19,655	19,665	45.0	45.7	44.4	511,820	255,785	256,040	46.4	46.6	46.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,875	855	3,020	4.4	2.0	6.8	52,780	12,955	39,820	4.8	2.4	7.2
Children⁶	25,795	13,660	12,125	29.5	31.7	27.4	339,175	180,210	158,965	30.7	32.8	28.7
In a two-parent family	19,495	10,140	9,355	22.3	23.6	21.1	248,725	130,995	117,725	22.5	23.8	21.3
In a one-parent family	6,295	3,525	2,775	7.2	8.2	6.3	90,455	49,210	41,240	8.2	9.0	7.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	18,320	8,870	9,440	21.0	20.6	21.3	199,425	100,530	98,895	18.1	18.3	17.9
Living alone	11,615	5,055	6,565	13.3	11.7	14.8	130,105	62,520	67,590	11.8	11.4	12.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,300	1,075	1,225	2.6	2.5	2.8	28,150	13,805	14,345	2.6	2.5	2.6
Living with non-relatives only	4,400	2,750	1,650	5.0	6.4	3.7	41,165	24,200	16,960	3.7	4.4	3.1
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	20,895	...	...	57.3	...	...	275,515	...	...	61.3	...	...
Couple-family households	17,850	...	...	48.9	...	...	236,790	...	...	52.7	...	...
With children⁶	9,230	...	...	25.3	...	...	113,990	...	...	25.4	...	...
Without children	8,620	...	...	23.6	...	...	122,800	...	...	27.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,045	...	...	8.3	...	...	38,720	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	735	...	...	2.0	...	...	9,815	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	185	...	...	0.5	...	...	1,960	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,095	...	...	3.0	...	...	13,265	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,960	...	...	5.4	...	...	18,915	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	11,615	...	...	31.8	...	...	130,105	...	...	28.9	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	71,515	34,990	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,360	33,345	35,015	95.6	95.3	95.9	844,920	417,025	427,895	95.7	95.5	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	50,400	42,000	45,600	50,400	42,000	42,400	48,000	38,400	42,400	48,000	38,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,390	33,355	35,030	95.6	95.3	95.9	845,455	417,320	428,130	95.8	95.6	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	44,400	38,000	40,800	44,400	38,000	38,400	42,400	35,200	38,400	42,400	35,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	62,355	30,785	31,570	87.2	88.0	86.5	757,325	379,255	378,070	85.8	86.9	84.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,800	47,600	34,800	40,800	47,600	34,800	36,800	44,400	30,600	36,800	44,400	30,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	50,770	25,960	24,810	71.0	74.2	67.9	622,670	322,180	300,495	70.5	73.8	67.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	47,200	37,600	42,000	47,200	37,600	36,800	43,600	31,400	36,800	43,600	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,575	29,125	31,450	84.7	83.2	86.1	751,755	364,545	387,210	85.2	83.5	86.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,700	5,520	9,300	7,700	5,520	9,300	8,800	6,750	10,100	8,800	6,750	10,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,865	2,945	2,910	8.2	8.4	8.0	84,485	43,415	41,065	9.6	9.9	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,720	5,520	5,480	5,720	6,000	6,000	5,920	6,000	6,000	5,920
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,570	8,750	8,815	24.6	25.0	24.1	214,100	103,150	110,950	24.3	23.6	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,435	33,455	34,980	95.6	95.4	95.8	845,425	417,040	428,380	95.8	95.5	96.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,350	65,900	51,200	58,350	65,900	51,200	53,050	60,250	46,080	53,050	60,250	46,080
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,470	33,475	34,995	95.6	95.4	95.8	845,965	417,355	428,610	95.8	95.6	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,160	53,000	43,480	48,160	53,000	43,480	44,680	49,360	40,080	44,680	49,360	40,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	62,530	30,920	31,615	87.3	88.1	86.5	757,585	378,980	378,605	85.8	86.8	84.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	54,150	62,950	45,560	54,150	62,950	45,560	48,680	57,250	40,040	48,680	57,250	40,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	50,880	25,890	24,985	71.0	73.8	68.4	622,690	321,515	301,175	70.5	73.7	67.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,050	60,200	45,600	53,050	60,200	45,600	47,360	54,650	39,600	47,360	54,650	39,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,475	29,005	31,470	84.4	82.7	86.1	751,480	363,960	387,525	85.1	83.4	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,030	8,840	11,130	10,030	8,840	11,130	10,650	9,420	11,800	10,650	9,420	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,820	2,975	2,850	8.1	8.5	7.8	83,595	42,755	40,840	9.5	9.8	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,820	5,970	7,700	6,820	5,970	7,700	7,330	7,060	7,610	7,330	7,060	7,610
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,875	8,925	8,950	25.0	25.4	24.5	213,970	103,245	110,725	24.2	23.7	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,940	8,990	8,900	8,940	8,990	8,900	9,000	8,960	9,040	9,000	8,960	9,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,825	14,145	11,680	36.1	40.3	32.0	301,310	168,990	132,320	34.1	38.7	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	73,000	64,500	69,000	73,000	64,500	62,000	67,000	56,000	62,000	67,000	56,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,300	85,900	71,400	79,300	85,900	71,400	70,100	76,500	61,850	70,100	76,500	61,850
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,195	8,920	10,275	26.8	25.4	28.1	237,965	111,525	126,440	27.0	25.5	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	19,200	15,900	17,600	19,200	15,900	19,000	21,600	17,000	19,000	21,600	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	31,400	25,040	28,000	31,400	25,040	29,120	34,440	24,440	29,120	34,440	24,440
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	88.4	80.4	84.8	88.4	80.4	82.2	86.4	76.8	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.6	70.8	63.6	67.6	70.8	63.6	65.8	69.8	60.4	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.2	11.6	19.6	15.2	11.6	19.6	17.8	13.6	23.2	17.8	13.6	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.0	0.8	1.2	1.4	1.2	1.6	1.4	1.2	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	4.0	5.3	4.6	4.0	5.3	5.0	4.1	6.2	5.0	4.1	6.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.6	4.5	4.0	3.6	4.5	4.3	3.7	5.1	4.3	3.7	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	71,515	34,990	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,155	1,650	1,500	4.4	4.7	4.1	37,860	19,525	18,335	4.3	4.5	4.1
With total income	68,360	33,345	35,015	95.6	95.3	95.9	844,915	417,025	427,890	95.7	95.5	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,375	2,495	2,885	7.9	7.5	8.2	71,550	33,580	37,975	8.5	8.1	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	6,660	2,880	3,770	9.7	8.7	10.8	92,735	40,045	52,690	11.0	9.6	12.3
$20,000 to $29,999	9,705	4,165	5,540	14.2	12.5	15.8	126,965	54,565	72,400	15.0	13.1	16.9
$30,000 to $39,999	8,155	3,680	4,475	11.9	11.0	12.8	105,405	45,260	60,150	12.5	10.9	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	7,480	3,325	4,160	10.9	10.0	11.9	96,850	43,305	53,545	11.5	10.4	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	6,280	2,945	3,345	9.2	8.8	9.5	80,190	38,235	41,955	9.5	9.2	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,230	2,630	2,600	7.7	7.9	7.4	63,160	33,360	29,800	7.5	8.0	7.0
$70,000 to $79,999	4,285	2,235	2,050	6.3	6.7	5.9	49,340	27,775	21,560	5.8	6.7	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	3,420	1,870	1,555	5.0	5.6	4.4	38,610	22,165	16,450	4.6	5.3	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,855	1,530	1,325	4.2	4.6	3.8	30,895	17,430	13,460	3.7	4.2	3.1
$100,000 and over	8,905	5,600	3,310	13.0	16.8	9.4	89,220	61,310	27,910	10.6	14.7	6.5
$100,000 to $149,999	5,945	3,510	2,435	8.7	10.5	6.9	62,465	40,955	21,510	7.4	9.8	5.0
$150,000 and over	2,965	2,090	875	4.3	6.3	2.5	26,750	20,350	6,400	3.2	4.9	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	71,515	34,990	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,125	1,635	1,490	4.4	4.7	4.1	37,330	19,230	18,100	4.2	4.4	4.1
With after-tax income	68,390	33,355	35,030	95.6	95.3	95.9	845,450	417,320	428,130	95.8	95.6	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,620	2,565	3,055	8.2	7.7	8.7	74,770	34,925	39,840	8.8	8.4	9.3
$10,000 to $19,999	7,005	3,045	3,965	10.2	9.1	11.3	96,975	41,905	55,070	11.5	10.0	12.9
$20,000 to $29,999	11,070	4,815	6,250	16.2	14.5	17.9	143,230	62,170	81,055	16.9	14.9	18.9
$30,000 to $39,999	9,795	4,450	5,345	14.3	13.3	15.2	125,245	55,255	69,990	14.8	13.2	16.3
$40,000 to $49,999	8,780	4,055	4,720	12.8	12.2	13.5	113,220	53,350	59,870	13.4	12.8	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	7,075	3,530	3,545	10.3	10.6	10.1	87,685	45,835	41,850	10.4	11.0	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	5,630	2,940	2,685	8.2	8.8	7.7	63,720	35,460	28,260	7.5	8.5	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,215	2,245	1,975	6.2	6.7	5.6	47,135	26,270	20,865	5.6	6.3	4.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,800	1,545	1,260	4.1	4.6	3.6	29,945	17,670	12,275	3.5	4.2	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,800	1,050	750	2.6	3.1	2.2	19,390	12,375	7,010	2.3	3.0	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,590	3,110	1,480	6.7	9.3	4.2	44,145	32,100	12,040	5.2	7.7	2.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,335	1,510	825	3.4	4.5	2.4	24,420	17,370	7,050	2.9	4.2	1.6
$125,000 and over	2,260	1,610	650	3.3	4.8	1.9	19,725	14,730	4,990	2.3	3.5	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	71,515	34,990	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	20,740	9,035	11,710	29.0	25.8	32.1	260,105	114,375	145,735	29.5	26.2	32.7
With employment income	50,770	25,960	24,810	71.0	74.2	67.9	622,670	322,175	300,490	70.5	73.8	67.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,285	2,890	3,405	12.4	11.1	13.7	90,620	43,400	47,215	14.6	13.5	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	3,955	1,765	2,190	7.8	6.8	8.8	49,340	22,310	27,030	7.9	6.9	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	5,690	2,640	3,050	11.2	10.2	12.3	72,905	33,690	39,215	11.7	10.5	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	4,390	2,195	2,200	8.6	8.5	8.9	58,850	26,960	31,890	9.5	8.4	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,200	2,050	2,150	8.3	7.9	8.6	56,210	25,585	30,625	9.0	7.9	10.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,300	2,040	2,260	8.5	7.9	9.1	54,395	25,875	28,520	8.7	8.0	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	3,775	1,905	1,870	7.4	7.3	7.5	47,765	24,415	23,350	7.7	7.6	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,590	1,875	1,715	7.1	7.2	6.9	40,940	22,855	18,090	6.6	7.1	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	2,980	1,645	1,330	5.9	6.4	5.4	33,380	19,360	14,015	5.4	6.0	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,565	1,370	1,195	5.0	5.3	4.8	29,020	16,645	12,375	4.7	5.2	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,315	1,230	1,095	4.6	4.7	4.4	23,480	13,565	9,915	3.8	4.2	3.3
$100,000 and over	6,720	4,355	2,360	13.2	16.8	9.5	65,770	47,510	18,255	10.6	14.7	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	3,095	1,800	1,295	6.1	6.9	5.2	31,845	20,990	10,855	5.1	6.5	3.6
$125,000 and over	3,630	2,560	1,065	7.1	9.9	4.3	33,925	26,520	7,405	5.4	8.2	2.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	71,515	34,990	36,515	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,780	436,550	446,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,615	32,430	34,185	93.1	92.7	93.6	825,815	406,805	419,010	93.5	93.2	93.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	50,400	39,600	44,400	50,400	39,600	41,200	48,000	35,600	41,200	48,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,640	32,435	34,205	93.2	92.7	93.7	826,075	406,845	419,225	93.6	93.2	93.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	44,000	36,000	39,600	44,000	36,000	37,200	42,400	32,800	37,200	42,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,145	30,150	30,995	85.5	86.2	84.9	745,575	372,880	372,700	84.5	85.4	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,200	36,000	42,000	49,200	36,000	38,400	46,400	31,600	38,400	46,400	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,205	25,630	24,575	70.2	73.2	67.3	619,030	320,010	299,020	70.1	73.3	67.0
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,000	43,200	48,800	38,000	38,400	45,600	32,400	38,400	45,600	32,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,840	27,350	29,490	79.5	78.2	80.8	712,010	346,320	365,690	80.7	79.3	82.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,920	1,110	4,560	1,920	1,110	4,560	3,360	1,240	6,160	3,360	1,240	6,160
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,120	1,975	2,145	5.8	5.6	5.9	69,035	34,850	34,185	7.8	8.0	7.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	5,320	6,800	5,960	5,320	6,800	6,360	6,240	6,500	6,360	6,240	6,500
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,725	32,545	34,180	93.2	92.8	93.6	826,385	406,875	419,505	93.6	93.2	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,700	64,700	49,040	56,700	64,700	49,040	51,350	59,400	43,480	51,350	59,400	43,480
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,755	32,550	34,205	93.2	92.8	93.6	826,660	406,915	419,740	93.6	93.2	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	51,850	41,160	46,400	51,850	41,160	42,960	48,440	37,640	42,960	48,440	37,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,400	30,325	31,080	85.7	86.4	85.1	746,260	372,755	373,505	84.5	85.4	83.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	55,250	64,500	46,240	55,250	64,500	46,240	49,600	58,900	40,320	49,600	58,900	40,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	50,520	25,770	24,750	70.5	73.5	67.8	619,710	319,750	299,965	70.2	73.3	67.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,300	61,700	46,560	54,300	61,700	46,560	48,320	56,150	39,960	48,320	56,150	39,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,985	27,605	29,380	79.6	78.7	80.4	712,110	346,290	365,820	80.7	79.3	82.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,840	5,485	8,120	6,840	5,485	8,120	7,580	6,400	8,700	7,580	6,400	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,945	1,915	2,030	5.5	5.5	5.6	68,920	34,910	34,015	7.8	8.0	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	6,155	9,150	7,700	6,155	9,150	8,030	7,450	8,630	8,030	7,450	8,630
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,580	14,005	11,575	35.7	39.9	31.7	299,100	167,785	131,315	33.9	38.4	29.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	70,000	60,400	65,000	70,000	60,400	58,800	65,000	52,400	58,800	65,000	52,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,900	82,900	67,500	75,900	82,900	67,500	67,100	74,200	57,950	67,100	74,200	57,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,925	8,295	9,630	25.0	23.6	26.4	222,840	104,130	118,710	25.2	23.9	26.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,400	25,400	21,600	23,400	25,400	21,600	24,400	28,600	21,800	24,400	28,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,040	40,440	30,360	35,040	40,440	30,360	34,880	41,840	28,800	34,880	41,840	28,800
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	92.8	85.8	89.6	92.8	85.8	87.2	90.8	82.6	87.2	90.8	82.6
Employment income (%)	72.4	75.4	68.8	72.4	75.4	68.8	70.6	74.2	65.6	70.6	74.2	65.6
Government transfers (%)	10.3	7.2	14.2	10.3	7.2	14.2	12.7	9.2	17.4	12.7	9.2	17.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.6	1.1	0.8	0.6	1.1	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	36,485	...	...	...	...	...	449,580	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,615	...	...	...	...	...	130,105	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...	42,400	...	...	42,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	24,870	...	...	...	...	...	319,475	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	36,510	...	...	...	...	...	449,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,400	...	...	109,400	...	...	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,300	...	...	90,300	...	...	84,100	...	...	84,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,595	...	...	...	...	...	129,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	58,450	...	...	58,450	...	...	53,300	...	...	53,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,280	...	...	48,280	...	...	44,680	...	...	44,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	24,915	...	...	...	...	...	319,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	133,200	...	...	133,200	...	...	118,700	...	...	118,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,900	...	...	109,900	...	...	100,100	...	...	100,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	470	...	...	1.3	...	...	5,030	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.5	...	...	2,640	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	320	...	...	0.9	...	...	4,645	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	625	...	...	1.7	...	...	8,295	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,485	...	...	4.1	...	...	19,430	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,215	...	...	3.3	...	...	15,705	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,105	...	...	3.0	...	...	14,730	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,155	...	...	3.2	...	...	17,200	...	...	3.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,210	...	...	3.3	...	...	17,145	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,315	...	...	3.6	...	...	17,225	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,520	...	...	6.9	...	...	33,580	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,545	...	...	7.0	...	...	32,145	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,485	...	...	6.8	...	...	30,370	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,145	...	...	5.9	...	...	28,270	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,050	...	...	5.6	...	...	26,025	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,665	...	...	42.9	...	...	177,135	...	...	39.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,275	...	...	11.7	...	...	53,545	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,140	...	...	8.6	...	...	39,320	...	...	8.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,220	...	...	11.6	...	...	47,170	...	...	10.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	4,045	...	...	11.1	...	...	37,100	...	...	8.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	36,490	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	520	...	...	1.4	...	...	5,735	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.5	...	...	2,730	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	0.9	...	...	4,800	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	640	...	...	1.8	...	...	8,635	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,605	...	...	4.4	...	...	20,715	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,365	...	...	3.7	...	...	17,735	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,320	...	...	3.6	...	...	17,085	...	...	3.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,430	...	...	3.9	...	...	20,380	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,540	...	...	4.2	...	...	20,090	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,515	...	...	4.2	...	...	19,875	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,075	...	...	8.4	...	...	39,515	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,030	...	...	8.3	...	...	37,680	...	...	8.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,765	...	...	7.6	...	...	35,090	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,415	...	...	6.6	...	...	31,875	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,170	...	...	5.9	...	...	28,180	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,615	...	...	34.6	...	...	139,455	...	...	31.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,445	...	...	12.2	...	...	54,690	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,080	...	...	8.4	...	...	35,800	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,095	...	...	14.0	...	...	48,965	...	...	10.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,485	...	...	...	...	...	306,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,845	...	...	...	...	...	124,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,205	...	...	...	...	...	125,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,625	...	...	...	...	...	47,700	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,015	7,795	8,215	...	...	...	171,275	86,725	84,555	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	40,400	42,000	41,200	40,400	42,000	39,200	41,200	37,600	39,200	41,200	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	36,400	38,000	37,200	36,400	38,000	35,600	36,800	34,800	35,600	36,800	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,485	...	...	...	...	...	306,600	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...	118,600	...	...	118,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,790	...	...	...	...	...	125,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,200	...	...	105,200	...	...	92,300	...	...	92,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,320	...	...	...	...	...	125,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	158,600	...	...	158,600	...	...	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...	121,200	...	...	121,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,570	...	...	...	...	...	47,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	83,300	...	...	83,300	...	...	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...	65,900	...	...	65,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	15,950	7,745	8,205	...	...	...	171,095	86,755	84,335	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	52,150	53,350	51,000	52,150	53,350	51,000	49,640	52,300	46,880	49,640	52,300	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	43,600	43,640	43,600	43,600	43,640	41,960	43,200	40,680	41,960	43,200	40,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,305	43,045	44,255	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,475	553,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,795	9,620	9,175	21.5	22.3	20.7	261,770	134,340	127,430	23.7	24.4	23.0
0 to 5 years	6,140	3,095	3,045	7.0	7.2	6.9	83,310	42,545	40,765	7.6	7.7	7.4
18 to 64 years	54,620	27,255	27,360	62.6	63.3	61.8	657,835	328,185	329,655	59.6	59.7	59.5
65 years and over	13,890	6,170	7,720	15.9	14.3	17.4	183,595	86,950	96,645	16.6	15.8	17.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	9,790	4,615	5,175	...	...	...	147,955	71,010	76,945	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,705	1,385	1,325	...	...	...	45,500	23,280	22,215	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	960	460	505	...	...	...	15,520	7,735	7,790	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,440	2,665	2,775	...	...	...	74,450	36,410	38,040	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,645	565	1,080	...	...	...	28,000	11,315	16,690	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.2	10.7	11.7	11.2	10.7	11.7	13.4	12.9	13.9	13.4	12.9	13.9
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	17.4	17.3	17.4	17.4	17.3	17.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.7	14.9	16.5	15.7	14.9	16.5	18.6	18.2	19.1	18.6	18.2	19.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.1	10.0	9.8	10.1	11.3	11.1	11.5	11.3	11.1	11.5
65 years and over (%)	11.8	9.2	14.0	11.8	9.2	14.0	15.3	13.0	17.3	15.3	13.0	17.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	87,305	43,045	44,255	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,047,470	521,355	526,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,795	9,620	9,175	21.5	22.3	20.7	239,370	122,980	116,385	22.9	23.6	22.1
0 to 5 years	6,140	3,095	3,045	7.0	7.2	6.9	76,215	39,020	37,195	7.3	7.5	7.1
18 to 64 years	54,620	27,255	27,360	62.6	63.3	61.8	628,090	313,165	314,925	60.0	60.1	59.9
65 years and over	13,890	6,170	7,720	15.9	14.3	17.4	180,015	85,205	94,805	17.2	16.3	18.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,270	2,305	1,965	...	...	...	42,310	22,585	19,730	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	945	490	455	...	...	...	10,250	5,365	4,890	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	290	150	140	...	...	...	3,285	1,675	1,610	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,095	1,700	1,390	...	...	...	29,210	15,830	13,375	...	...	...
65 years and over	230	110	115	...	...	...	2,850	1,390	1,465	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.9	5.4	4.4	4.9	5.4	4.4	4.0	4.3	3.8	4.0	4.3	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	5.0	5.1	5.0	5.0	5.1	5.0	4.3	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.4	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3	4.3
18 to 64 years (%)	5.7	6.3	5.1	5.7	6.3	5.1	4.7	5.1	4.3	4.7	5.1	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.8	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.6
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,300	43,050	44,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,475	553,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	40,930	19,845	21,085	46.9	46.1	47.6	580,685	283,030	297,655	52.6	51.5	53.8
In bottom decile	8,970	4,525	4,445	10.3	10.5	10.0	129,985	64,240	65,750	11.8	11.7	11.9
In second decile	8,470	3,890	4,580	9.7	9.0	10.3	119,140	55,775	63,370	10.8	10.2	11.4
In third decile	7,850	3,815	4,035	9.0	8.9	9.1	112,825	54,665	58,160	10.2	9.9	10.5
In fourth decile	7,925	3,840	4,090	9.1	8.9	9.2	110,110	54,280	55,835	10.0	9.9	10.1
In fifth decile	7,710	3,775	3,930	8.8	8.8	8.9	108,615	54,070	54,540	9.8	9.8	9.8
In top half of the distribution	46,375	23,205	23,175	53.1	53.9	52.4	522,520	266,445	256,075	47.4	48.5	46.2
In sixth decile	8,195	4,015	4,180	9.4	9.3	9.4	107,950	54,265	53,680	9.8	9.9	9.7
In seventh decile	8,815	4,375	4,435	10.1	10.2	10.0	108,365	54,950	53,415	9.8	10.0	9.6
In eighth decile	9,060	4,510	4,555	10.4	10.5	10.3	108,465	55,155	53,315	9.8	10.0	9.6
In ninth decile	9,995	5,025	4,960	11.4	11.7	11.2	106,220	54,550	51,670	9.6	9.9	9.3
In top decile	10,305	5,275	5,035	11.8	12.3	11.4	91,515	47,520	44,000	8.3	8.6	7.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,300	...	...	87,300	...	...	1,103,200	...	...	1,103,200	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.348	...	...	0.348	...	...	0.332	...	...	0.332	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.445	...	...	0.445	...	...	0.447	...	...	0.447	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.305	...	...	0.305	...	...	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	80,490	39,955	40,540	91.6	92.4	91.0	1,055,000	527,580	527,420	94.5	95.0	94.0
French only	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	450	210	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,725	2,595	3,135	6.5	6.0	7.0	51,970	23,490	28,480	4.7	4.2	5.1
Neither English nor French	1,545	680	860	1.8	1.6	1.9	8,625	3,940	4,685	0.8	0.7	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	85,025	41,970	43,060	96.8	97.0	96.6	1,094,690	545,105	549,585	98.1	98.2	98.0
French	1,050	500	545	1.2	1.2	1.2	11,335	5,500	5,835	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,815	905	905	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	1,480	655	825	1.7	1.5	1.9	8,200	3,705	4,495	0.7	0.7	0.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,475	41,580	42,895	96.2	96.1	96.2	1,082,470	538,920	543,550	97.0	97.1	96.9
Official languages	65,875	32,275	33,605	75.0	74.6	75.4	924,330	461,055	463,275	82.8	83.0	82.6
English	64,850	31,780	33,075	73.8	73.5	74.2	911,765	454,950	456,815	81.7	81.9	81.5
French	1,025	495	525	1.2	1.1	1.2	12,565	6,105	6,460	1.1	1.1	1.2
Non-official languages	18,600	9,305	9,295	21.2	21.5	20.9	158,135	77,865	80,275	14.2	14.0	14.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	110	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2	20,785	9,935	10,850	1.9	1.8	1.9
Algonquian languages	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,490	6,910	7,575	1.3	1.2	1.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,810	6,595	7,215	1.2	1.2	1.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,810	6,595	7,215	1.2	1.2	1.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	220	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,005	1,440	1,570	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,255	580	670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,060	4,325	4,735	0.8	0.8	0.8
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	310	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	310	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	275	310	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,790	2,790	2,995	0.5	0.5	0.5
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,780	2,785	2,995	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,780	2,785	2,995	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	18,495	9,265	9,225	21.1	21.4	20.7	137,355	67,925	69,430	12.3	12.2	12.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,565	775	790	1.8	1.8	1.8	7,795	3,935	3,860	0.7	0.7	0.7
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	370	180	190	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,010	480	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	240	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3	690	320	365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,185	590	590	1.3	1.4	1.3	6,730	3,425	3,300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Amharic	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	370	170	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	865	415	450	1.0	1.0	1.0	4,610	2,370	2,235	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	330	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	170	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	225	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,010	515	495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	770	370	400	0.9	0.9	0.9	3,590	1,705	1,880	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	750	365	390	0.9	0.8	0.9	3,455	1,645	1,815	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,370	1,120	1,250	2.7	2.6	2.8	27,210	12,750	14,460	2.4	2.3	2.6
Bikol	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	580	270	315	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2	1,365	620	745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	175	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,085	490	590	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,970	940	1,030	2.2	2.2	2.3	22,680	10,680	12,010	2.0	1.9	2.1
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	485	280	205	0.6	0.6	0.5	2,645	1,450	1,190	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	215	125	95	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,660	915	745	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	440	235	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	145	95	55	0.2	0.2	0.1	430	245	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,770	4,540	4,230	10.0	10.5	9.5	73,910	37,200	36,715	6.6	6.7	6.5
Albanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	325	170	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,285	560	730	1.5	1.3	1.6	13,790	6,380	7,410	1.2	1.1	1.3
Baltic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,265	545	720	1.4	1.3	1.6	13,640	6,305	7,330	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,335	595	740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	350	155	195	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,565	1,180	1,385	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,080	550	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	245	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	175	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	240	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	500	200	300	0.6	0.5	0.7	8,030	3,685	4,340	0.7	0.7	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	825	400	430	0.9	0.9	1.0	21,360	10,450	10,905	1.9	1.9	1.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	655	300	355	0.7	0.7	0.8	16,020	7,795	8,225	1.4	1.4	1.5
German	645	295	350	0.7	0.7	0.8	15,875	7,715	8,160	1.4	1.4	1.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1	4,795	2,400	2,395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,360	720	640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,020	520	505	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	255	285	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	855	910	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	515	245	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	85	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	130	75	55	0.1	0.2	0.1	805	415	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	5,605	3,040	2,570	6.4	7.0	5.8	30,330	16,195	14,135	2.7	2.9	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages	5,095	2,765	2,330	5.8	6.4	5.2	27,930	14,925	13,005	2.5	2.7	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	600	320	285	0.7	0.7	0.6	3,680	1,925	1,760	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	855	500	355	1.0	1.2	0.8	5,175	2,930	2,245	0.5	0.5	0.4
Hindi	555	310	245	0.6	0.7	0.5	2,395	1,375	1,020	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	275	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3	745	390	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,735	950	785	2.0	2.2	1.8	8,555	4,570	3,985	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	130	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	935	470	465	1.1	1.1	1.0	6,510	3,285	3,225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	145	85	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	505	265	240	0.6	0.6	0.5	2,390	1,265	1,125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	170	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	480	275	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,660	855	805	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	130	70	65	0.1	0.2	0.1	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	215	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,105	565	540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	850	435	415	1.0	1.0	0.9	7,130	3,495	3,635	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	595	295	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	875	385	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	735	360	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	565	290	275	0.6	0.7	0.6	4,915	2,450	2,465	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	250	75	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	245	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,690	815	880	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	480	245	240	0.5	0.6	0.5	2,890	1,485	1,405	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	305	170	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	225	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2	835	435	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	345	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	470	255	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	230	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,310	1,625	1,690	3.8	3.8	3.8	14,515	7,115	7,395	1.3	1.3	1.3
Chinese languages	3,120	1,525	1,590	3.6	3.5	3.6	13,470	6,595	6,875	1.2	1.2	1.2
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,190	1,065	1,125	2.5	2.5	2.5	9,150	4,495	4,655	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	810	405	400	0.9	0.9	0.9	3,765	1,825	1,935	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	140	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	195	95	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,015	510	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	180	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	785	395	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	145	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2	675	350	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	420	170	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	270	130	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	40	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	400	200	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	295	155	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	125	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,085	525	565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	910	450	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,350	1,680	1,670	3.8	3.9	3.7	33,575	16,305	17,275	3.0	2.9	3.1
English and French	275	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,525	1,700	1,825	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,600	1,315	1,285	3.0	3.0	2.9	27,035	13,180	13,855	2.4	2.4	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	350	175	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	415	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	350	165	180	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,250	1,055	1,200	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,295	32,485	33,815	75.5	75.1	75.9	938,715	467,760	470,955	84.1	84.2	84.0
French	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,095	1,010	1,080	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	5,415	2,675	2,745	6.2	6.2	6.2	41,955	20,925	21,035	3.8	3.8	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,235	2,105	2,135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-Indigenous	5,405	2,670	2,735	6.2	6.2	6.1	37,720	18,820	18,895	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	845	390	455	1.0	0.9	1.0	7,920	3,650	4,265	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	13,875	7,035	6,835	15.8	16.3	15.3	118,480	58,500	59,980	10.6	10.5	10.7
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	280	135	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	420	190	230	0.5	0.4	0.5	2,595	1,230	1,360	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	620	315	305	0.7	0.7	0.7	4,005	2,005	2,000	0.4	0.4	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	84,060	41,315	42,740	95.7	95.5	95.9	1,084,685	539,755	544,930	97.2	97.2	97.2
Official languages	72,145	35,330	36,820	82.1	81.7	82.6	993,865	494,130	499,730	89.1	89.0	89.1
English	71,695	35,105	36,590	81.6	81.1	82.1	990,645	492,580	498,070	88.8	88.7	88.8
French	450	220	225	0.5	0.5	0.5	3,215	1,550	1,665	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	11,915	5,990	5,925	13.6	13.8	13.3	90,820	45,625	45,195	8.1	8.2	8.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,060	4,505	4,560	0.8	0.8	0.8
Algonquian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,475	2,420	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,780	2,415	2,370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,780	2,415	2,370	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	440	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	235	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,250	1,625	1,630	0.3	0.3	0.3
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,030	1,965	2,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,025	1,955	2,070	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,890	5,990	5,905	13.5	13.8	13.2	81,760	41,125	40,635	7.3	7.4	7.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,100	520	575	1.3	1.2	1.3	5,140	2,505	2,630	0.5	0.5	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	680	325	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	185	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	435	200	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	805	385	425	0.9	0.9	1.0	4,445	2,175	2,270	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	585	270	310	0.7	0.6	0.7	3,055	1,500	1,560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	210	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	95	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	710	360	350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	630	315	315	0.7	0.7	0.7	2,735	1,340	1,400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	620	310	310	0.7	0.7	0.7	2,700	1,325	1,370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,540	735	805	1.8	1.7	1.8	16,905	8,200	8,705	1.5	1.5	1.6
Bikol	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	315	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	740	360	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	235	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,345	645	700	1.5	1.5	1.6	14,610	7,085	7,520	1.3	1.3	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	345	195	150	0.4	0.5	0.3	1,765	940	825	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,175	640	535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	275	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	260	140	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,115	2,690	2,425	5.8	6.2	5.4	40,455	20,825	19,625	3.6	3.8	3.5
Albanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	65	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	550	270	285	0.6	0.6	0.6	4,420	2,220	2,200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	535	260	275	0.6	0.6	0.6	4,345	2,185	2,160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	330	150	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,575	795	785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	465	235	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	145	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,700	870	830	0.2	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,335	4,615	4,715	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	7,845	3,845	4,000	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	7,820	3,835	3,990	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	755	695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	465	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	370	170	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,050	2,170	1,880	4.6	5.0	4.2	22,590	11,955	10,635	2.0	2.2	1.9
Indo-Aryan languages	3,705	1,990	1,710	4.2	4.6	3.8	20,940	11,115	9,825	1.9	2.0	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	380	195	185	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,700	1,415	1,290	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	625	360	265	0.7	0.8	0.6	3,975	2,205	1,775	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hindi	370	210	160	0.4	0.5	0.4	1,670	950	715	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	210	105	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	540	285	255	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,420	765	650	1.6	1.8	1.5	6,955	3,665	3,285	0.6	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	620	310	310	0.7	0.7	0.7	4,645	2,370	2,275	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	350	175	170	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,640	835	805	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	315	170	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	260	130	125	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,160	580	580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	215	110	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2	835	420	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	350	170	175	0.4	0.4	0.4	3,545	1,770	1,770	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	200	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	155	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	270	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,685	1,350	1,335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	175	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,250	625	630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	160	80	85	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,130	550	580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	300	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	225	120	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	205	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	150	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,590	1,270	1,320	2.9	2.9	3.0	11,010	5,445	5,565	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese languages	2,435	1,185	1,250	2.8	2.7	2.8	10,220	5,040	5,180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,815	885	930	2.1	2.0	2.1	7,415	3,695	3,715	0.7	0.7	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	555	275	280	0.6	0.6	0.6	2,490	1,190	1,295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	200	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	155	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2	780	400	380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	140	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2	615	310	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	530	270	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	220	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	180	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,770	1,945	1,825	4.3	4.5	4.1	31,360	15,460	15,900	2.8	2.8	2.8
English and French	125	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,325	615	715	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,490	1,800	1,685	4.0	4.2	3.8	29,060	14,370	14,695	2.6	2.6	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	130	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	590	285	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	87,830	43,260	44,570	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,116,045	555,220	560,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,915	36,800	38,110	85.3	85.1	85.5	1,008,760	502,475	506,285	90.4	90.5	90.3
English	4,855	2,465	2,390	5.5	5.7	5.4	39,070	19,635	19,435	3.5	3.5	3.5
French	745	330	415	0.8	0.8	0.9	6,395	2,935	3,455	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	5,195	2,590	2,605	5.9	6.0	5.8	48,520	23,370	25,145	4.3	4.2	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	100	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,735	4,980	5,755	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-Indigenous	5,095	2,545	2,550	5.8	5.9	5.7	37,785	18,390	19,395	3.4	3.3	3.5
English and French	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,150	605	550	1.3	1.4	1.2	6,935	3,595	3,345	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,155	515	640	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	720	365	355	0.8	0.8	0.8	4,795	2,475	2,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,445	43,150	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	85,830	42,445	43,385	98.2	98.4	98.0	1,095,170	545,875	549,300	99.3	99.3	99.2
English	85,790	42,420	43,370	98.1	98.3	97.9	1,094,790	545,650	549,135	99.2	99.3	99.2
French	5,910	2,805	3,110	6.8	6.5	7.0	52,065	23,725	28,335	4.7	4.3	5.1
Non-official languages	24,620	12,255	12,365	28.2	28.4	27.9	209,395	103,350	106,050	19.0	18.8	19.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	315	145	165	0.4	0.3	0.4	35,075	16,800	18,280	3.2	3.1	3.3
Algonquian languages	280	130	150	0.3	0.3	0.3	25,960	12,535	13,430	2.4	2.3	2.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3	24,850	11,960	12,895	2.3	2.2	2.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	245	120	125	0.3	0.3	0.3	24,850	11,960	12,895	2.3	2.2	2.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	440	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	105	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,450	3,070	3,375	0.6	0.6	0.6
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,365	1,125	1,235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.	120	65	60	0.1	0.2	0.1	15,355	7,415	7,945	1.4	1.3	1.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,330	685	640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,275	665	610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	575	550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	90	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,085	3,795	4,295	0.7	0.7	0.8
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,080	3,795	4,285	0.7	0.7	0.8
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,080	3,795	4,285	0.7	0.7	0.8
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	395	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	365	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	110	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	185	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,325	12,115	12,210	27.8	28.1	27.6	174,635	86,680	87,955	15.8	15.8	15.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,250	1,165	1,085	2.6	2.7	2.4	11,165	5,770	5,395	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1	265	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1	245	105	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	470	235	235	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,415	720	695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	165	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3	900	450	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	165	95	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,875	980	895	2.1	2.3	2.0	9,850	5,120	4,735	0.9	0.9	0.9
Amharic	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2	855	440	415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,360	735	625	1.6	1.7	1.4	7,265	3,825	3,445	0.7	0.7	0.6
Aramaic languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,200	565	630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	280	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	255	285	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic, n.o.s.	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	130	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	145	90	60	0.2	0.2	0.1	470	250	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	395	200	195	0.5	0.5	0.4	1,365	710	660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	90	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,075	515	560	1.2	1.2	1.3	4,625	2,275	2,355	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	170	100	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,020	485	535	1.2	1.1	1.2	4,440	2,165	2,280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,030	1,490	1,545	3.5	3.5	3.5	37,460	17,730	19,730	3.4	3.2	3.6
Bikol	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	305	130	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	915	430	485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,180	1,010	1,175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	90	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	605	270	335	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3	2,500	1,175	1,320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	85	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	250	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,940	1,440	1,495	3.4	3.3	3.4	36,125	17,020	19,110	3.3	3.1	3.5
Waray-Waray	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,155	545	615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.2	950	480	470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	195	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	80	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	705	355	345	0.8	0.8	0.8	4,190	2,210	1,980	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	325	175	155	0.4	0.4	0.3	2,515	1,335	1,180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	230	120	100	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,120	625	495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	845	445	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	11,785	5,900	5,885	13.5	13.7	13.3	89,555	45,335	44,220	8.1	8.3	8.0
Albanian	115	70	50	0.1	0.2	0.1	380	220	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,655	745	915	1.9	1.7	2.1	17,185	7,985	9,200	1.6	1.5	1.7
Baltic languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	85	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,635	735	900	1.9	1.7	2.0	17,095	7,945	9,145	1.5	1.4	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,745	800	945	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	690	330	360	0.8	0.8	0.8	5,305	2,590	2,715	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	375	190	185	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,705	865	835	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	110	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1	400	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	205	105	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	745	405	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	155	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2	965	495	470	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	695	270	425	0.8	0.6	1.0	10,795	4,935	5,855	1.0	0.9	1.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	105	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,100	530	575	1.3	1.2	1.3	18,455	9,290	9,165	1.7	1.7	1.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	845	375	470	1.0	0.9	1.1	11,940	5,995	5,945	1.1	1.1	1.1
German	815	365	455	0.9	0.8	1.0	11,815	5,935	5,880	1.1	1.1	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2	6,140	3,205	2,935	0.6	0.6	0.5
Afrikaans	90	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1	2,175	1,185	990	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,285	680	605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	275	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	1,025	980	0.2	0.2	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	955	395	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1	485	175	305	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	215	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,430	730	705	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	7,430	3,885	3,540	8.5	9.0	8.0	39,895	21,385	18,505	3.6	3.9	3.3
Indo-Aryan languages	6,825	3,565	3,255	7.8	8.3	7.3	37,480	20,070	17,410	3.4	3.7	3.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	800	385	420	0.9	0.9	0.9	4,490	2,350	2,140	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	1,150	665	490	1.3	1.5	1.1	6,965	3,985	2,985	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hindi	3,325	1,750	1,575	3.8	4.1	3.6	15,740	8,600	7,140	1.4	1.6	1.3
Kacchi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	120	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1	520	270	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	295	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,040	550	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,575	1,400	1,175	2.9	3.2	2.7	13,310	7,110	6,200	1.2	1.3	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	135	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	180	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,540	825	715	1.8	1.9	1.6	10,540	5,470	5,070	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	345	205	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	670	360	305	0.8	0.8	0.7	3,025	1,640	1,390	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	225	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	745	415	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	540	285	250	0.6	0.7	0.6	2,045	1,095	950	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	240	120	120	0.3	0.3	0.3	610	335	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	295	160	130	0.3	0.4	0.3	1,340	710	625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,530	725	810	1.7	1.7	1.8	14,285	6,885	7,400	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	250	100	145	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,400	670	730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,320	655	670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	915	450	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,085	520	570	1.2	1.2	1.3	11,185	5,395	5,785	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	250	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,170	585	585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,870	900	970	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,360	695	665	1.6	1.6	1.5	7,440	3,945	3,495	0.7	0.7	0.6
Akan (Twi)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	515	255	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	75	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	235	130	100	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,200	630	570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	320	170	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	310	180	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	260	130	130	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,165	665	500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	550	300	255	0.6	0.7	0.6	2,865	1,520	1,345	0.3	0.3	0.2
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	990	545	445	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	140	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2	615	305	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	180	85	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	375	200	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,450	645	815	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,135	505	625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	160	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,850	1,910	1,940	4.4	4.4	4.4	17,055	8,335	8,725	1.5	1.5	1.6
Chinese languages	3,615	1,815	1,800	4.1	4.2	4.1	15,625	7,620	8,005	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,935	1,465	1,465	3.4	3.4	3.3	11,590	5,640	5,955	1.1	1.0	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	275	135	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	985	500	490	1.1	1.2	1.1	5,120	2,465	2,660	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	185	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	235	100	140	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,370	690	685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	355	185	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	175	65	105	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,020	490	530	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	145	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2	890	430	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	100	30	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	590	280	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	100	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	200	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	290	115	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	700	360	340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	565	295	270	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,240	595	645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,055	500	560	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,440	43,155	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,555	3,675	3,880	8.6	8.5	8.8	187,885	91,375	96,515	17.0	16.6	17.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,395	3,590	3,805	8.5	8.3	8.6	184,435	89,725	94,705	16.7	16.3	17.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	4,720	2,230	2,495	5.4	5.2	5.6	121,175	58,665	62,505	11.0	10.7	11.3
Métis	2,645	1,350	1,295	3.0	3.1	2.9	62,800	30,860	31,940	5.7	5.6	5.8
Inuk (Inuit)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	200	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,030	985	1,045	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,425	665	765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	79,885	39,475	40,405	91.4	91.5	91.2	915,310	458,120	457,195	83.0	83.4	82.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,440	43,155	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,120	1,955	2,160	4.7	4.5	4.9	115,055	55,385	59,670	10.4	10.1	10.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	83,325	41,195	42,125	95.3	95.5	95.1	988,145	494,110	494,035	89.6	89.9	89.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	23,700	...	...	64.9	...	...	317,655	...	...	70.7	...	...
Renter	12,810	...	...	35.1	...	...	118,590	...	...	26.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...	13,335	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,840	...	...	18.7	...	...	49,490	...	...	11.0	...	...
Not condominium	29,670	...	...	81.3	...	...	400,095	...	...	89.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	270	...	...	0.7	...	...	1,945	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	5,255	...	...	14.4	...	...	41,900	...	...	9.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,995	...	...	24.6	...	...	103,860	...	...	23.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,400	...	...	31.2	...	...	150,360	...	...	33.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,585	...	...	29.0	...	...	151,520	...	...	33.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	11,815	...	...	32.4	...	...	105,050	...	...	23.4	...	...
5 rooms	5,305	...	...	14.5	...	...	70,620	...	...	15.7	...	...
6 rooms	4,620	...	...	12.7	...	...	66,100	...	...	14.7	...	...
7 rooms	4,130	...	...	11.3	...	...	59,535	...	...	13.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,640	...	...	29.1	...	...	148,270	...	...	33.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	35,405	...	...	97.0	...	...	438,000	...	...	97.4	...	...
More than one person per room	1,100	...	...	3.0	...	...	11,580	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	34,420	...	...	94.3	...	...	426,835	...	...	94.9	...	...
Not suitable	2,090	...	...	5.7	...	...	22,745	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,740	...	...	18.5	...	...	95,405	...	...	21.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,740	...	...	29.4	...	...	147,720	...	...	32.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	5,795	...	...	15.9	...	...	61,990	...	...	13.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,120	...	...	8.5	...	...	35,005	...	...	7.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,125	...	...	5.8	...	...	18,130	...	...	4.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,315	...	...	6.3	...	...	27,525	...	...	6.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	3,030	...	...	8.3	...	...	37,840	...	...	8.4	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,640	...	...	7.2	...	...	25,970	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,980	...	...	93.1	...	...	414,215	...	...	92.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,525	...	...	6.9	...	...	35,365	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,750	...	...	51.4	...	...	235,175	...	...	52.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,115	...	...	44.1	...	...	198,995	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,640	...	...	4.5	...	...	15,415	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	36,505	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,635	...	...	4.5	...	...	17,560	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,865	...	...	16.1	...	...	68,760	...	...	15.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,025	...	...	19.2	...	...	82,625	...	...	18.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,965	...	...	16.3	...	...	72,290	...	...	16.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,530	...	...	17.9	...	...	85,955	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,200	...	...	14.2	...	...	69,235	...	...	15.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,880	...	...	7.9	...	...	37,545	...	...	8.4	...	...
85 years and over	1,400	...	...	3.8	...	...	15,605	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,295	...	...	100.0	...	...	414,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,205	...	...	80.5	...	...	342,875	...	...	82.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,090	...	...	19.5	...	...	71,445	...	...	17.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,410	...	...	17.7	...	...	65,430	...	...	15.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	36,510	...	...	100.0	...	...	449,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,695	...	...	29.3	...	...	118,475	...	...	26.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,250	...	...	17.1	...	...	63,870	...	...	14.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,655	...	...	4.5	...	...	16,865	...	...	3.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,800	...	...	4.9	...	...	26,900	...	...	6.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	265	...	...	0.7	...	...	2,370	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	555	...	...	1.5	...	...	4,960	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	145	...	...	0.4	...	...	3,270	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...	245	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,815	...	...	70.7	...	...	331,105	...	...	73.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	35,615	...	...	100.0	...	...	408,300	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,710	...	...	10.4	...	...	41,895	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	31,905	...	...	89.6	...	...	366,405	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,700	...	...	...	...	...	298,500	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.8	...	...	59.8	...	...	57.9	...	...	57.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,340	...	...	1,340	...	...	1,110	...	...	1,110	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,474	...	...	1,474	...	...	1,296	...	...	1,296	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	387,200	...	...	387,200	...	...	324,400	...	...	324,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,810	...	...	...	...	...	117,545	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.5	...	...	16.5	...	...	17.1	...	...	17.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...	35.3	...	...	33.1	...	...	33.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.4	...	...	22.4	...	...	22.1	...	...	22.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,120	...	...	1,120	...	...	1,030	...	...	1,030	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,209	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,095	...	...	1,095	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...	13,335	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	226	...	...	226	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...	280	...	...	280	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,445	43,155	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,490	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,085	1,910	2,170	4.7	4.4	4.9	122,375	59,605	62,765	11.1	10.8	11.3
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,955	1,860	2,090	4.5	4.3	4.7	118,965	57,970	60,995	10.8	10.5	11.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,400	1,545	1,855	3.9	3.6	4.2	101,725	49,415	52,315	9.2	9.0	9.4
Métis single ancestry	545	315	225	0.6	0.7	0.5	17,055	8,495	8,555	1.5	1.5	1.5
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	60	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	135	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2	3,410	1,630	1,775	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	135	50	85	0.2	0.1	0.2	3,335	1,580	1,750	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	3,565	1,755	1,810	4.1	4.1	4.1	68,675	33,265	35,410	6.2	6.1	6.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	3,420	1,690	1,730	3.9	3.9	3.9	64,995	31,500	33,495	5.9	5.7	6.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,005	985	1,020	2.3	2.3	2.3	32,635	15,920	16,720	3.0	2.9	3.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,410	705	705	1.6	1.6	1.6	32,070	15,450	16,615	2.9	2.8	3.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	140	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2	3,680	1,770	1,915	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2	3,515	1,705	1,810	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	79,790	39,485	40,305	91.2	91.5	91.0	912,150	456,620	455,530	82.7	83.1	82.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,440	43,155	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	75,235	36,945	38,290	86.0	85.6	86.5	1,021,630	508,035	513,595	92.6	92.5	92.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	16,585	8,375	8,210	19.0	19.4	18.5	246,480	126,430	120,055	22.3	23.0	21.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	58,655	28,570	30,085	67.1	66.2	67.9	775,150	381,610	393,540	70.3	69.4	71.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	12,205	6,210	6,000	14.0	14.4	13.5	81,575	41,455	40,115	7.4	7.5	7.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,440	43,155	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	65,160	31,875	33,285	74.5	73.9	75.2	949,755	472,745	477,005	86.1	86.0	86.1
Immigrants⁸¹	19,325	9,620	9,710	22.1	22.3	21.9	137,620	67,895	69,725	12.5	12.4	12.6
Before 1980	1,645	820	825	1.9	1.9	1.9	12,780	6,020	6,760	1.2	1.1	1.2
1980 to 1990	940	460	480	1.1	1.1	1.1	5,945	2,955	2,990	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	1,225	570	655	1.4	1.3	1.5	8,390	3,910	4,480	0.8	0.7	0.8
2001 to 2010	3,585	1,770	1,810	4.1	4.1	4.1	29,370	14,480	14,895	2.7	2.6	2.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	11,940	6,000	5,940	13.7	13.9	13.4	81,135	40,535	40,605	7.4	7.4	7.3
2011 to 2015	5,310	2,705	2,610	6.1	6.3	5.9	38,020	19,065	18,955	3.4	3.5	3.4
2016 to 2021	6,630	3,295	3,335	7.6	7.6	7.5	43,120	21,470	21,645	3.9	3.9	3.9
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,955	1,660	1,290	3.4	3.8	2.9	15,830	8,850	6,980	1.4	1.6	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	19,325	9,620	9,705	100.0	100.0	100.0	137,620	67,895	69,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,715	885	830	8.9	9.2	8.6	13,370	6,890	6,480	9.7	10.1	9.3
5 to 14 years	3,440	1,885	1,555	17.8	19.6	16.0	26,755	14,085	12,680	19.4	20.7	18.2
15 to 24 years	3,205	1,485	1,725	16.6	15.4	17.8	20,460	9,465	10,995	14.9	13.9	15.8
25 to 44 years	9,215	4,440	4,775	47.7	46.2	49.2	64,955	31,330	33,625	47.2	46.1	48.2
45 years and over	1,745	920	820	9.0	9.6	8.4	12,070	6,130	5,945	8.8	9.0	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	19,325	9,620	9,705	100.0	100.0	100.0	137,620	67,895	69,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,355	655	705	7.0	6.8	7.3	12,580	5,910	6,675	9.1	8.7	9.6
Brazil	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2	380	150	230	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	50	40	10	0.3	0.4	0.1	665	315	350	0.5	0.5	0.5
El Salvador	60	25	35	0.3	0.3	0.4	620	280	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Guyana	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2	165	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	260	120	140	1.3	1.2	1.4	1,360	660	700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mexico	175	95	80	0.9	1.0	0.8	1,720	870	850	1.2	1.3	1.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	45	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	200	65	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
United States of America	445	190	255	2.3	2.0	2.6	5,215	2,375	2,835	3.8	3.5	4.1
Other places of birth in Americas	235	115	120	1.2	1.2	1.2	2,030	1,040	995	1.5	1.5	1.4
Europe	2,430	1,200	1,230	12.6	12.5	12.7	21,710	10,705	11,010	15.8	15.8	15.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	135	70	65	0.7	0.7	0.7	500	250	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	145	80	60	0.8	0.8	0.6	415	245	170	0.3	0.4	0.2
France	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.5	310	115	190	0.2	0.2	0.3
Germany	210	85	130	1.1	0.9	1.3	2,100	980	1,115	1.5	1.4	1.6
Greece	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3	500	290	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hungary	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3	325	175	145	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italy	130	65	60	0.7	0.7	0.6	585	300	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	50	30	15	0.3	0.3	0.2	965	560	400	0.7	0.8	0.6
Poland	105	50	55	0.5	0.5	0.6	1,080	455	625	0.8	0.7	0.9
Portugal	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2	200	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romania	85	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5	660	330	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
Russian Federation	95	50	45	0.5	0.5	0.5	650	270	385	0.5	0.4	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2	530	250	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	335	130	210	1.7	1.4	2.2	3,165	1,505	1,665	2.3	2.2	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	525	265	260	2.7	2.8	2.7	6,785	3,420	3,365	4.9	5.0	4.8
Other places of birth in Europe	375	210	160	1.9	2.2	1.6	2,940	1,455	1,490	2.1	2.1	2.1
Africa	2,885	1,515	1,370	14.9	15.7	14.1	16,080	8,440	7,640	11.7	12.4	11.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4	665	335	330	0.5	0.5	0.5
Egypt	125	60	60	0.6	0.6	0.6	805	415	385	0.6	0.6	0.6
Eritrea	245	105	140	1.3	1.1	1.4	1,025	535	490	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ethiopia	140	70	65	0.7	0.7	0.7	775	380	400	0.6	0.6	0.6
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	190	110	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	870	470	400	4.5	4.9	4.1	5,030	2,620	2,410	3.7	3.9	3.5
Somalia	160	80	80	0.8	0.8	0.8	485	240	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	185	115	75	1.0	1.2	0.8	2,075	1,070	1,005	1.5	1.6	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	1,060	555	510	5.5	5.8	5.3	5,010	2,720	2,290	3.6	4.0	3.3
Asia	12,600	6,240	6,365	65.2	64.9	65.6	86,515	42,500	44,015	62.9	62.6	63.1
Afghanistan	165	75	95	0.9	0.8	1.0	465	230	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	170	105	65	0.9	1.1	0.7	1,040	570	470	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iraq	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3	1,440	740	700	1.0	1.1	1.0
Lebanon	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1	220	155	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	295	130	160	1.5	1.4	1.6	1,405	665	740	1.0	1.0	1.1
Turkey	55	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.3	280	145	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	2,035	970	1,060	10.5	10.1	10.9	8,650	4,065	4,585	6.3	6.0	6.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	135	75	60	0.7	0.8	0.6	840	415	420	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	215	90	125	1.1	0.9	1.3	1,110	560	550	0.8	0.8	0.8
Taiwan	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	3,055	1,495	1,565	15.8	15.5	16.1	35,960	17,025	18,930	26.1	25.1	27.2
Viet Nam	700	315	385	3.6	3.3	4.0	3,245	1,555	1,690	2.4	2.3	2.4
Bangladesh	495	275	225	2.6	2.9	2.3	3,235	1,720	1,515	2.4	2.5	2.2
India	2,950	1,535	1,415	15.3	16.0	14.6	15,660	8,165	7,495	11.4	12.0	10.8
Pakistan	1,140	570	570	5.9	5.9	5.9	7,110	3,630	3,480	5.2	5.3	5.0
Sri Lanka	30	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2	435	220	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	1,015	480	540	5.3	5.0	5.6	5,245	2,555	2,695	3.8	3.8	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	65	15	45	0.3	0.2	0.5	725	350	380	0.5	0.5	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,630	3,295	3,330	100.0	100.0	100.0	43,115	21,470	21,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	365	190	175	5.5	5.8	5.3	2,830	1,420	1,410	6.6	6.6	6.5
Brazil	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3	170	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	135	60	70	2.0	1.8	2.1	560	295	265	1.3	1.4	1.2
Mexico	45	30	15	0.7	0.9	0.5	560	315	250	1.3	1.5	1.2
United States of America	105	45	60	1.6	1.4	1.8	990	465	520	2.3	2.2	2.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	60	35	30	0.9	1.1	0.9	385	190	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Europe	325	185	140	4.9	5.6	4.2	2,695	1,435	1,260	6.3	6.7	5.8
France	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	65	30	30	0.2	0.1	0.1
Germany	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	15	0.6	0.8	0.5	180	110	70	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	35	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	45	25	25	0.7	0.8	0.8	755	340	415	1.8	1.6	1.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	60	35	30	0.9	1.1	0.9	590	385	200	1.4	1.8	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	135	90	45	2.0	2.7	1.4	855	465	395	2.0	2.2	1.8
Africa	1,410	715	695	21.3	21.7	20.9	7,520	3,960	3,560	17.4	18.4	16.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroon	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	25	20	10	0.4	0.6	0.3	290	150	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
Côte d'Ivoire	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	45	20	25	0.7	0.6	0.8	390	195	195	0.9	0.9	0.9
Eritrea	140	55	80	2.1	1.7	2.4	595	310	285	1.4	1.4	1.3
Ethiopia	50	20	35	0.8	0.6	1.1	315	175	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigeria	600	330	265	9.0	10.0	8.0	3,305	1,765	1,545	7.7	8.2	7.1
Somalia	60	30	35	0.9	0.9	1.1	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Africa, Republic of	60	40	20	0.9	1.2	0.6	775	390	385	1.8	1.8	1.8
Sudan⁹⁷	95	55	45	1.4	1.7	1.4	300	155	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	290	135	160	4.4	4.1	4.8	1,110	585	525	2.6	2.7	2.4
Asia	4,505	2,205	2,310	67.9	66.9	69.4	29,880	14,550	15,325	69.3	67.8	70.8
Afghanistan	70	25	45	1.1	0.8	1.4	140	50	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bangladesh	215	110	105	3.2	3.3	3.2	1,220	615	610	2.8	2.9	2.8
China⁹⁰	850	435	415	12.8	13.2	12.5	3,690	1,775	1,910	8.6	8.3	8.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
India	1,505	735	770	22.7	22.3	23.1	7,940	4,055	3,885	18.4	18.9	17.9
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6	335	180	155	0.8	0.8	0.7
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	155	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Israel	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jordan	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	30	0.7	0.5	0.9	275	135	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	75	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Pakistan	260	130	135	3.9	3.9	4.1	1,685	820	860	3.9	3.8	4.0
Philippines	865	420	445	13.0	12.7	13.4	10,460	4,875	5,585	24.3	22.7	25.8
Saudi Arabia	80	35	45	1.2	1.1	1.4	285	125	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	220	110	110	3.3	3.3	3.3	1,245	600	645	2.9	2.8	3.0
Turkey	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3	75	30	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
United Arab Emirates	10	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0	195	90	105	0.5	0.4	0.5
Viet Nam	145	55	90	2.2	1.7	2.7	865	440	420	2.0	2.0	1.9
Other places of birth in Asia	85	50	35	1.3	1.5	1.1	550	260	290	1.3	1.2	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.5	195	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.4
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,440	43,155	44,285	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	22,715	11,460	11,255	26.0	26.6	25.4	158,540	79,230	79,310	14.4	14.4	14.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	12,090	5,755	6,335	13.8	13.3	14.3	121,675	59,265	62,410	11.0	10.8	11.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	52,640	25,940	26,700	60.2	60.1	60.3	822,985	411,000	411,980	74.6	74.8	74.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	17,685	8,795	8,890	100.0	100.0	100.0	124,835	61,875	62,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	11,835	6,160	5,680	66.9	70.0	63.9	88,545	45,370	43,185	70.9	73.3	68.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,950	3,200	1,755	28.0	36.4	19.7	34,820	22,465	12,355	27.9	36.3	19.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,885	2,960	3,925	38.9	33.7	44.2	53,725	22,900	30,825	43.0	37.0	49.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,160	1,235	1,925	17.9	14.0	21.7	21,620	8,700	12,920	17.3	14.1	20.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,640	1,380	1,260	14.9	15.7	14.2	14,405	7,675	6,725	11.5	12.4	10.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2	265	135	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	17,685	8,795	8,890	100.0	100.0	100.0	124,835	61,875	62,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	305	165	140	1.7	1.9	1.6	1,885	1,155	735	1.5	1.9	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,095	1,145	950	11.8	13.0	10.7	20,335	10,710	9,620	16.3	17.3	15.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	645	330	315	3.6	3.8	3.5	4,170	2,185	1,985	3.3	3.5	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,630	940	685	9.2	10.7	7.7	7,770	4,580	3,190	6.2	7.4	5.1
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	30	45	0.4	0.3	0.5	600	230	370	0.5	0.4	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	12,935	6,185	6,750	73.1	70.3	75.9	90,090	43,025	47,065	72.2	69.5	74.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,445	43,155	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	24,865	12,620	12,245	28.4	29.2	27.6	159,365	80,495	78,870	14.4	14.6	14.2
South Asian	7,970	4,170	3,800	9.1	9.7	8.6	44,720	23,875	20,845	4.1	4.3	3.8
Chinese	3,855	1,975	1,880	4.4	4.6	4.2	18,010	8,850	9,155	1.6	1.6	1.7
Black	4,320	2,205	2,115	4.9	5.1	4.8	22,570	11,715	10,855	2.0	2.1	2.0
Filipino	3,635	1,760	1,880	4.2	4.1	4.2	43,755	21,015	22,745	4.0	3.8	4.1
Arab	1,040	545	495	1.2	1.3	1.1	5,575	2,920	2,655	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin American	590	300	290	0.7	0.7	0.7	5,680	2,740	2,945	0.5	0.5	0.5
Southeast Asian	1,545	740	805	1.8	1.7	1.8	8,540	4,265	4,275	0.8	0.8	0.8
West Asian	590	295	290	0.7	0.7	0.7	2,830	1,445	1,380	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	285	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,850	885	955	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	830	360	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	225	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,275	565	715	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	635	315	320	0.7	0.7	0.7	3,725	1,845	1,875	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	62,580	30,530	32,045	71.6	70.7	72.4	943,840	469,000	474,835	85.6	85.4	85.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,445	43,155	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,200	549,495	553,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,050	3,495	3,560	8.1	8.1	8.0	107,095	54,965	52,130	9.7	10.0	9.4
English	15,820	7,650	8,175	18.1	17.7	18.5	219,665	107,240	112,420	19.9	19.5	20.3
Irish	10,735	5,005	5,730	12.3	11.6	12.9	145,415	69,495	75,920	13.2	12.6	13.7
Scottish	13,075	6,370	6,700	15.0	14.8	15.1	175,590	85,595	89,995	15.9	15.6	16.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,760	3,380	3,380	7.7	7.8	7.6	108,355	52,690	55,665	9.8	9.6	10.1
German	21,105	10,305	10,805	24.1	23.9	24.4	272,475	134,060	138,420	24.7	24.4	25.0
Chinese	3,940	1,980	1,970	4.5	4.6	4.4	19,965	9,660	10,305	1.8	1.8	1.9
Italian	1,175	525	650	1.3	1.2	1.5	10,830	5,335	5,500	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indian (India)	3,860	2,060	1,795	4.4	4.8	4.1	20,755	11,165	9,590	1.9	2.0	1.7
Ukrainian	10,020	4,770	5,255	11.5	11.1	11.9	138,705	67,645	71,060	12.6	12.3	12.8
Dutch	1,680	840	840	1.9	1.9	1.9	29,410	14,540	14,870	2.7	2.6	2.7
Polish	4,370	2,090	2,280	5.0	4.8	5.1	55,605	26,820	28,780	5.0	4.9	5.2
Québécois	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	705	355	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,890	950	940	2.2	2.2	2.1	21,650	10,960	10,690	2.0	2.0	1.9
Filipino	3,310	1,590	1,720	3.8	3.7	3.9	40,160	19,305	20,860	3.6	3.5	3.8
French Canadian	410	225	185	0.5	0.5	0.4	5,465	2,695	2,765	0.5	0.5	0.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,010	565	445	1.2	1.3	1.0	13,375	7,020	6,360	1.2	1.3	1.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,985	1,435	1,555	3.4	3.3	3.5	50,770	24,635	26,135	4.6	4.5	4.7
Métis	2,210	1,125	1,085	2.5	2.6	2.4	56,060	27,275	28,785	5.1	5.0	5.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,040	530	510	1.2	1.2	1.2	11,985	6,340	5,645	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	2,445	1,205	1,240	2.8	2.8	2.8	35,920	17,415	18,505	3.3	3.2	3.3
Norwegian	3,675	1,745	1,930	4.2	4.0	4.4	70,215	33,925	36,285	6.4	6.2	6.6
Welsh	1,350	715	630	1.5	1.7	1.4	17,605	8,415	9,190	1.6	1.5	1.7
Portuguese	180	95	85	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,760	830	930	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	945	510	435	1.1	1.2	1.0	12,675	6,435	6,235	1.1	1.2	1.1
Spanish	555	235	315	0.6	0.5	0.7	5,670	2,555	3,115	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	1,880	920	960	2.1	2.1	2.2	31,965	15,285	16,675	2.9	2.8	3.0
Hungarian	3,165	1,575	1,590	3.6	3.6	3.6	28,495	14,095	14,400	2.6	2.6	2.6
Acadian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	485	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	1,250	630	615	1.4	1.5	1.4	7,640	3,995	3,645	0.7	0.7	0.7
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	670	355	320	0.8	0.8	0.7	4,065	2,110	1,950	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	335	170	170	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,420	1,230	1,190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Punjabi	780	420	365	0.9	1.0	0.8	4,115	2,215	1,905	0.4	0.4	0.3
Vietnamese	1,000	505	495	1.1	1.2	1.1	4,730	2,340	2,390	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	535	295	245	0.6	0.7	0.6	2,155	1,185	970	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	405	220	190	0.5	0.5	0.4	3,075	1,530	1,540	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	290	150	140	0.3	0.3	0.3	2,225	1,080	1,150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	940	490	455	1.1	1.1	1.0	5,860	2,875	2,985	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,335	595	735	1.5	1.4	1.7	46,340	22,465	23,875	4.2	4.1	4.3
Korean	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.4	1,950	945	1,010	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	1,530	725	800	1.7	1.7	1.8	12,415	5,995	6,415	1.1	1.1	1.2
Lebanese	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,240	690	550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	275	145	135	0.3	0.3	0.3	1,315	700	610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	230	120	105	0.3	0.3	0.2	3,145	1,625	1,520	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	770	340	430	0.9	0.8	1.0	10,585	5,110	5,480	1.0	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	615	310	295	0.7	0.7	0.7	12,300	5,895	6,405	1.1	1.1	1.2
Sikh	470	250	220	0.5	0.6	0.5	2,530	1,340	1,195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	2,425	1,155	1,270	2.8	2.7	2.9	17,690	8,785	8,900	1.6	1.6	1.6
Belgian	670	365	305	0.8	0.8	0.7	9,340	4,790	4,550	0.8	0.9	0.8
Haitian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	100	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	605	315	290	0.7	0.7	0.7	3,220	1,785	1,435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexican	335	165	170	0.4	0.4	0.4	2,620	1,300	1,320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	275	120	160	0.3	0.3	0.4	11,150	5,560	5,590	1.0	1.0	1.0
Swiss	325	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.3	4,555	2,255	2,295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	280	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,180	2,435	2,745	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sri Lankan	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	465	220	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	365	195	180	0.4	0.5	0.4	2,460	1,295	1,170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	245	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,295	590	710	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	230	105	125	0.3	0.2	0.3	1,195	610	585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	680	310	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	400	190	210	0.5	0.4	0.5	6,025	3,180	2,845	0.5	0.6	0.5
Muslim	195	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,780	955	825	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egyptian	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2	995	505	490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	860	425	435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	540	220	315	0.6	0.5	0.7	8,345	3,915	4,425	0.8	0.7	0.8
Colombian	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	735	350	385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	380	200	185	0.4	0.5	0.4	5,290	2,545	2,740	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	195	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,140	540	605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	75	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1	325	130	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	285	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3	890	465	425	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	730	385	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	230	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.2	1,325	675	645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	105	35	70	0.1	0.1	0.2	2,060	1,000	1,055	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	295	260	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hong Konger	55	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	350	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	205	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	510	290	220	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	385	185	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	695	375	320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	45	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.0	690	300	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	485	230	255	0.6	0.5	0.6	3,230	1,740	1,490	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algerian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	120	70	55	0.1	0.2	0.1	755	345	410	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	650	360	280	0.7	0.8	0.6	2,845	1,495	1,350	0.3	0.3	0.2
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	110	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,525	805	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	215	85	130	0.2	0.2	0.3	1,605	755	845	0.1	0.1	0.2
Somali	310	125	180	0.4	0.3	0.4	870	400	475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0	250	125	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,250	635	615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	735	330	405	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	315	165	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,285	645	645	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1	645	315	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	275	150	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	150	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	895	445	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	130	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1	1,895	975	920	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	980	520	455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	110	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,035	535	500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	640	360	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2	690	330	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	505	285	220	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	105	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	450	235	215	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,725	1,430	1,295	0.2	0.3	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0	310	160	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	405	210	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	115	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	490	225	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	615	320	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	115	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,065	625	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	425	210	210	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,235	650	585	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	315	170	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	170	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3	2,210	990	1,220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	555	265	295	0.1	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	840	455	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	70	15	55	0.1	0.0	0.1	745	325	430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	580	295	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	150	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1	535	240	290	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	180	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	175	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2	895	445	450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	230	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	355	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	660	355	305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,105	595	510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	220	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	435	255	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	285	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	595	260	330	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	100	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2	775	400	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	295	170	125	0.3	0.4	0.3	1,170	615	555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	190	110	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,775	3,245	3,530	0.6	0.6	0.6
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	225	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	400	200	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	125	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	260	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	720	360	360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	755	320	440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2	9,465	4,730	4,745	0.9	0.9	0.9
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	470	230	240	0.5	0.5	0.5	6,020	2,990	3,025	0.5	0.5	0.5
Buddhist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	220	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	340	155	185	0.4	0.4	0.4	6,970	3,370	3,600	0.6	0.6	0.7
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	225	290	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	265	150	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	445	235	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	150	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	295	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	55	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	85	60	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	210	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	340	190	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	215	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	65	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	290	275	0.1	0.1	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	170	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	280	140	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	245	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	190	95	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	715	325	390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,420	2,130	2,285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	125	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2	925	465	460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,445	43,155	44,290	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,103,205	549,495	553,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	800	370	425	0.9	0.9	1.0	4,410	2,085	2,330	0.4	0.4	0.4
Christian	45,915	21,380	24,530	52.5	49.5	55.4	621,250	294,000	327,255	56.3	53.5	59.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,090	3,385	3,710	8.1	7.8	8.4	93,135	45,790	47,340	8.4	8.3	8.5
Anabaptist	195	60	130	0.2	0.1	0.3	11,620	5,605	6,025	1.1	1.0	1.1
Anglican	1,855	865	990	2.1	2.0	2.2	36,415	17,085	19,330	3.3	3.1	3.5
Baptist	1,175	495	680	1.3	1.1	1.5	12,150	5,715	6,435	1.1	1.0	1.2
Catholic	20,585	9,785	10,800	23.5	22.7	24.4	265,530	127,030	138,505	24.1	23.1	25.0
Christian Orthodox	1,525	745	780	1.7	1.7	1.8	13,320	6,610	6,710	1.2	1.2	1.2
Jehovah's Witness	450	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5	4,530	1,960	2,570	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	150	105	50	0.2	0.2	0.1	2,060	995	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	4,200	1,945	2,255	4.8	4.5	5.1	46,980	21,930	25,050	4.3	4.0	4.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,275	1,040	1,235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,160	545	615	1.3	1.3	1.4	15,255	7,090	8,165	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	435	210	225	0.5	0.5	0.5	4,155	1,920	2,235	0.4	0.3	0.4
Reformed	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	625	310	315	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	5,035	2,070	2,965	5.8	4.8	6.7	81,465	36,190	45,275	7.4	6.6	8.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,920	905	1,020	2.2	2.1	2.3	31,740	14,740	17,000	2.9	2.7	3.1
Hindu	2,940	1,525	1,415	3.4	3.5	3.2	14,150	7,865	6,285	1.3	1.4	1.1
Jewish	190	105	85	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,105	570	535	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	4,645	2,350	2,295	5.3	5.4	5.2	25,455	13,285	12,165	2.3	2.4	2.2
Sikh	1,750	945	805	2.0	2.2	1.8	9,040	4,715	4,320	0.8	0.9	0.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	400	150	245	0.5	0.3	0.6	16,300	7,830	8,465	1.5	1.4	1.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	635	305	325	0.7	0.7	0.7	7,540	3,240	4,295	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	30,170	16,020	14,150	34.5	37.1	31.9	403,960	215,895	188,060	36.6	39.3	34.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	86,385	42,575	43,810	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,090,215	542,725	547,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	72,485	35,635	36,855	83.9	83.7	84.1	952,690	475,060	477,630	87.4	87.5	87.2
Movers	13,895	6,940	6,955	16.1	16.3	15.9	137,525	67,660	69,860	12.6	12.5	12.8
Non-migrants	10,375	5,110	5,260	12.0	12.0	12.0	87,445	43,195	44,250	8.0	8.0	8.1
Migrants	3,525	1,825	1,700	4.1	4.3	3.9	50,080	24,470	25,605	4.6	4.5	4.7
Internal migrants	2,570	1,345	1,225	3.0	3.2	2.8	43,570	21,240	22,325	4.0	3.9	4.1
Intraprovincial migrants	1,590	800	790	1.8	1.9	1.8	31,135	14,955	16,180	2.9	2.8	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	970	540	435	1.1	1.3	1.0	12,435	6,290	6,145	1.1	1.2	1.1
External migrants	960	490	475	1.1	1.2	1.1	6,510	3,230	3,280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	82,450	40,665	41,785	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,034,525	514,365	520,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	45,990	22,625	23,360	55.8	55.6	55.9	640,040	320,125	319,920	61.9	62.2	61.5
Movers	36,460	18,040	18,420	44.2	44.4	44.1	394,480	194,240	200,240	38.1	37.8	38.5
Non-migrants	21,390	10,635	10,755	25.9	26.2	25.7	180,065	88,355	91,715	17.4	17.2	17.6
Migrants	15,065	7,410	7,665	18.3	18.2	18.3	214,415	105,890	108,525	20.7	20.6	20.9
Internal migrants	8,535	4,120	4,420	10.4	10.1	10.6	172,905	84,895	88,015	16.7	16.5	16.9
Intraprovincial migrants	5,630	2,655	2,975	6.8	6.5	7.1	134,460	65,855	68,605	13.0	12.8	13.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,905	1,465	1,440	3.5	3.6	3.4	38,445	19,040	19,410	3.7	3.7	3.7
External migrants	6,530	3,290	3,245	7.9	8.1	7.8	41,505	20,995	20,510	4.0	4.1	3.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,615	35,085	36,525	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,060	5,235	4,825	14.0	14.9	13.2	177,330	101,135	76,195	20.1	23.2	17.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	61,550	29,850	31,700	85.9	85.1	86.8	705,430	335,375	370,050	79.9	76.8	82.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,350	23,010	23,335	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,370	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,645	2,140	1,505	7.9	9.3	6.4	70,485	43,935	26,555	12.4	15.6	9.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	42,705	20,880	21,835	92.1	90.7	93.6	496,130	237,440	258,690	87.6	84.4	90.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	71,610	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,140	4,605	4,535	12.8	13.1	12.4	159,815	89,275	70,540	18.1	20.5	15.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	21,490	11,015	10,480	30.0	31.4	28.7	284,345	146,000	138,345	32.2	33.4	31.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,985	19,465	21,515	57.2	55.5	58.9	438,600	201,240	237,360	49.7	46.1	53.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,265	8,780	9,485	25.5	25.0	26.0	257,350	123,755	133,590	29.2	28.4	29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,965	3,495	1,470	6.9	10.0	4.0	84,485	61,685	22,800	9.6	14.1	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,075	1,130	945	2.9	3.2	2.6	32,710	18,090	14,620	3.7	4.1	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,895	2,365	525	4.0	6.7	1.4	51,775	43,590	8,180	5.9	10.0	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,840	3,885	5,950	13.7	11.1	16.3	143,610	50,720	92,890	16.3	11.6	20.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,455	1,395	2,060	4.8	4.0	5.6	29,260	11,355	17,905	3.3	2.6	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	22,715	10,685	12,030	31.7	30.5	32.9	181,255	77,485	103,770	20.5	17.8	23.3
Bachelor's degree	15,495	7,180	8,305	21.6	20.5	22.7	130,060	53,265	76,785	14.7	12.2	17.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,175	560	615	1.6	1.6	1.7	8,890	3,790	5,095	1.0	0.9	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	755	375	375	1.1	1.1	1.0	5,205	2,680	2,525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	4,490	2,085	2,400	6.3	5.9	6.6	31,315	14,210	17,105	3.5	3.3	3.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	805	480	325	1.1	1.4	0.9	5,790	3,535	2,255	0.7	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	46,350	23,010	23,335	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,370	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,205	1,820	1,385	6.9	7.9	5.9	61,380	37,625	23,755	10.8	13.4	8.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,860	6,370	5,490	25.6	27.7	23.5	171,565	91,440	80,125	30.3	32.5	28.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,285	14,825	16,460	67.5	64.4	70.5	333,670	152,305	181,370	58.9	54.1	63.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,955	6,360	6,595	28.0	27.6	28.3	187,510	91,760	95,745	33.1	32.6	33.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,580	2,565	1,015	7.7	11.1	4.3	61,810	45,770	16,040	10.9	16.3	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,420	775	645	3.1	3.4	2.8	23,150	13,115	10,035	4.1	4.7	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,160	1,785	370	4.7	7.8	1.6	38,660	32,655	6,005	6.8	11.6	2.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,170	2,875	4,295	15.5	12.5	18.4	106,680	38,240	68,435	18.8	13.6	24.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,205	925	1,280	4.8	4.0	5.5	19,025	7,755	11,270	3.4	2.8	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,330	8,465	9,865	39.5	36.8	42.3	146,160	60,540	85,620	25.8	21.5	30.0
Bachelor's degree	12,370	5,705	6,665	26.7	24.8	28.6	103,950	41,590	62,355	18.3	14.8	21.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	910	435	475	2.0	1.9	2.0	6,745	2,720	4,025	1.2	1.0	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	645	290	355	1.4	1.3	1.5	4,300	1,995	2,305	0.8	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	3,800	1,695	2,110	8.2	7.4	9.0	26,715	11,665	15,045	4.7	4.1	5.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	605	345	265	1.3	1.5	1.1	4,455	2,570	1,885	0.8	0.9	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,630	15,620	15,015	42.8	44.5	41.1	444,160	235,270	208,885	50.3	53.9	46.8
Education	3,450	980	2,475	4.8	2.8	6.8	41,855	10,430	31,430	4.7	2.4	7.0
13. Education	3,450	980	2,475	4.8	2.8	6.8	41,855	10,430	31,430	4.7	2.4	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,085	520	565	1.5	1.5	1.5	8,250	3,400	4,850	0.9	0.8	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	160	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.2	1,135	805	330	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	925	405	515	1.3	1.2	1.4	7,115	2,595	4,520	0.8	0.6	1.0
Humanities	2,030	790	1,240	2.8	2.3	3.4	16,710	7,370	9,340	1.9	1.7	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	180	40	140	0.3	0.1	0.4	1,080	310	770	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	550	155	395	0.8	0.4	1.1	3,555	1,180	2,380	0.4	0.3	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	525	175	350	0.7	0.5	1.0	3,575	1,315	2,260	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1	315	100	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,355	740	610	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	300	175	130	0.4	0.5	0.4	4,520	2,525	1,995	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	265	160	100	0.4	0.5	0.3	2,015	1,150	870	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	290	45	250	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,955	1,635	2,320	5.5	4.7	6.4	33,210	10,740	22,470	3.8	2.5	5.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	55	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	830	210	625	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	500	245	255	0.7	0.7	0.7	2,930	1,320	1,615	0.3	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	495	25	470	0.7	0.1	1.3	7,185	500	6,685	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	670	380	285	0.9	1.1	0.8	5,120	1,925	3,190	0.6	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1	590	225	370	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	805	250	560	1.1	0.7	1.5	6,215	1,630	4,590	0.7	0.4	1.0
45. Social sciences	1,365	700	665	1.9	2.0	1.8	10,330	4,935	5,395	1.2	1.1	1.2
Business, management and public administration	10,555	4,270	6,285	14.7	12.2	17.2	92,220	29,255	62,965	10.4	6.7	14.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	45	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	890	305	590	1.2	0.9	1.6	9,905	2,070	7,835	1.1	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,650	3,965	5,690	13.5	11.3	15.6	82,150	27,140	55,010	9.3	6.2	12.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,360	640	720	1.9	1.8	2.0	13,015	6,260	6,750	1.5	1.4	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	525	235	285	0.7	0.7	0.8	6,320	2,775	3,545	0.7	0.6	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	325	125	200	0.5	0.4	0.5	1,960	830	1,125	0.2	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	35	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	430	260	175	0.6	0.7	0.5	3,390	2,190	1,205	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,195	435	760	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,300	1,545	760	3.2	4.4	2.1	14,360	9,055	5,305	1.6	2.1	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,930	1,350	580	2.7	3.8	1.6	11,735	8,025	3,710	1.3	1.8	0.8
25. Library science	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	950	120	825	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	285	160	125	0.4	0.5	0.3	1,435	765	675	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	235	145	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,470	6,565	905	10.4	18.7	2.5	94,645	87,115	7,530	10.7	20.0	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	255	145	115	0.4	0.4	0.3	1,710	1,050	660	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	2,420	1,920	500	3.4	5.5	1.4	15,975	13,055	2,920	1.8	3.0	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,515	1,375	140	2.1	3.9	0.4	18,400	16,330	2,075	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,495	1,440	50	2.1	4.1	0.1	24,630	23,810	820	2.8	5.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,065	1,040	25	1.5	3.0	0.1	21,790	21,240	550	2.5	4.9	0.1
48. Precision production	720	650	70	1.0	1.9	0.2	12,130	11,630	500	1.4	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	750	465	290	1.0	1.3	0.8	18,995	12,340	6,650	2.2	2.8	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	595	360	230	0.8	1.0	0.6	15,775	10,225	5,550	1.8	2.3	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	155	100	55	0.2	0.3	0.2	3,220	2,120	1,100	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	6,295	1,350	4,940	8.8	3.8	13.5	77,105	13,095	64,015	8.7	3.0	14.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	475	245	230	0.7	0.7	0.6	4,765	2,240	2,525	0.5	0.5	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,570	955	4,610	7.8	2.7	12.6	70,660	9,930	60,730	8.0	2.3	13.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	235	140	95	0.3	0.4	0.3	1,535	860	675	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,725	710	1,005	2.4	2.0	2.8	28,170	12,145	16,030	3.2	2.8	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,155	280	875	1.6	0.8	2.4	17,195	3,335	13,860	1.9	0.8	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	95	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	340	230	110	0.5	0.7	0.3	5,415	3,655	1,760	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	210	195	15	0.3	0.6	0.0	5,425	5,035	390	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	46,350	23,010	23,340	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,375	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,065	8,185	6,875	32.5	35.6	29.5	232,940	129,065	103,875	41.1	45.9	36.4
Education	2,145	590	1,555	4.6	2.6	6.7	27,555	6,340	21,215	4.9	2.3	7.4
13. Education	2,145	590	1,555	4.6	2.6	6.7	27,555	6,340	21,215	4.9	2.3	7.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	865	405	460	1.9	1.8	2.0	6,520	2,715	3,800	1.2	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	120	80	40	0.3	0.3	0.2	775	565	210	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	745	330	420	1.6	1.4	1.8	5,740	2,150	3,590	1.0	0.8	1.3
Humanities	1,455	550	905	3.1	2.4	3.9	12,145	5,295	6,850	2.1	1.9	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	20	100	0.3	0.1	0.4	825	250	575	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	410	115	295	0.9	0.5	1.3	2,665	875	1,790	0.5	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	400	135	260	0.9	0.6	1.1	2,815	1,065	1,755	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	220	75	150	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	90	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,010	515	500	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	115	70	0.4	0.5	0.3	2,930	1,695	1,235	0.5	0.6	0.4
54. History	190	110	85	0.4	0.5	0.4	1,490	810	680	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	190	20	170	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,170	1,265	1,905	6.8	5.5	8.2	26,915	8,320	18,600	4.8	3.0	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2	725	170	550	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	455	230	225	1.0	1.0	1.0	2,545	1,165	1,375	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	415	25	390	0.9	0.1	1.7	5,850	405	5,450	1.0	0.1	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	490	255	235	1.1	1.1	1.0	4,075	1,360	2,720	0.7	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2	460	150	310	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	570	165	400	1.2	0.7	1.7	4,770	1,125	3,640	0.8	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	1,130	555	575	2.4	2.4	2.5	8,490	3,940	4,550	1.5	1.4	1.6
Business, management and public administration	8,400	3,350	5,050	18.1	14.6	21.6	72,350	22,735	49,615	12.8	8.1	17.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	40	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	705	225	475	1.5	1.0	2.0	7,740	1,425	6,315	1.4	0.5	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,685	3,120	4,565	16.6	13.6	19.6	64,470	21,270	43,200	11.4	7.6	15.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,060	475	585	2.3	2.1	2.5	10,095	4,775	5,315	1.8	1.7	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	165	220	0.8	0.7	0.9	4,900	2,080	2,825	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	100	155	0.6	0.4	0.7	1,530	640	890	0.3	0.2	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	30	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	355	195	150	0.8	0.8	0.6	2,740	1,720	1,020	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	15	45	0.1	0.1	0.2	795	310	485	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,895	1,240	655	4.1	5.4	2.8	12,025	7,645	4,375	2.1	2.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,615	1,110	510	3.5	4.8	2.2	10,205	7,005	3,195	1.8	2.5	1.1
25. Library science	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1	655	65	590	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	215	105	110	0.5	0.5	0.5	980	470	510	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	190	110	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,770	5,015	750	12.4	21.8	3.2	72,215	65,655	6,560	12.7	23.3	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	185	90	95	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,350	785	565	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	2,030	1,595	440	4.4	6.9	1.9	13,255	10,650	2,600	2.3	3.8	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,135	1,005	130	2.4	4.4	0.6	14,385	12,545	1,845	2.5	4.5	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,125	1,090	40	2.4	4.7	0.2	18,380	17,710	670	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	755	740	10	1.6	3.2	0.0	15,630	15,160	470	2.8	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	535	490	45	1.2	2.1	0.2	9,210	8,800	405	1.6	3.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	545	315	230	1.2	1.4	1.0	14,555	8,905	5,650	2.6	3.2	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	400	225	175	0.9	1.0	0.7	11,965	7,285	4,680	2.1	2.6	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	95	50	0.3	0.4	0.2	2,590	1,620	970	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	4,685	1,045	3,640	10.1	4.5	15.6	57,430	10,205	47,225	10.1	3.6	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	345	160	185	0.7	0.7	0.8	3,605	1,645	1,955	0.6	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,130	765	3,365	8.9	3.3	14.4	52,460	7,860	44,605	9.3	2.8	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	120	90	0.5	0.5	0.4	1,265	670	600	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,300	580	720	2.8	2.5	3.1	21,820	9,680	12,135	3.9	3.4	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	850	235	615	1.8	1.0	2.6	12,955	2,655	10,305	2.3	0.9	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	280	195	85	0.6	0.8	0.4	4,425	2,915	1,505	0.8	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	145	15	0.3	0.6	0.1	4,360	4,050	310	0.8	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	46,350	23,010	23,340	100.0	100.0	100.0	566,615	281,375	285,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,065	8,185	6,875	32.5	35.6	29.5	232,940	129,065	103,875	41.1	45.9	36.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	31,285	14,825	16,460	67.5	64.4	70.5	333,675	152,305	181,370	58.9	54.1	63.6
Location of study inside Canada	23,550	11,095	12,455	50.8	48.2	53.4	277,810	125,215	152,600	49.0	44.5	53.5
Same as province or territory of residence	19,405	9,040	10,365	41.9	39.3	44.4	221,390	98,410	122,980	39.1	35.0	43.1
Different than province or territory of residence	4,140	2,060	2,085	8.9	9.0	8.9	56,420	26,805	29,615	10.0	9.5	10.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,735	3,730	4,010	16.7	16.2	17.2	55,865	27,090	28,775	9.9	9.6	10.1
Americas	745	395	350	1.6	1.7	1.5	7,105	3,490	3,615	1.3	1.2	1.3
United States of America	530	295	235	1.1	1.3	1.0	5,385	2,725	2,660	1.0	1.0	0.9
Mexico	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	130	160	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1	320	130	190	0.1	0.0	0.1
Brazil	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1	320	155	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	430	195	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	825	445	380	1.8	1.9	1.6	7,140	3,870	3,270	1.3	1.4	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	180	95	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	555	305	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	140	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	285	130	160	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	170	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4	1,700	820	885	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	350	200	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	300	170	130	0.6	0.7	0.6	2,180	1,320	860	0.4	0.5	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	80	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	110	60	55	0.2	0.3	0.2	705	365	345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Africa	790	415	370	1.7	1.8	1.6	4,770	2,465	2,300	0.8	0.9	0.8
Nigeria	395	240	160	0.9	1.0	0.7	2,085	1,040	1,045	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	385	195	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1	1,035	545	495	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	260	105	150	0.6	0.5	0.6	1,115	575	540	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	5,270	2,410	2,860	11.4	10.5	12.3	36,065	16,830	19,235	6.4	6.0	6.7
Iran⁸⁸	120	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3	545	270	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0	140	85	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	820	375	445	1.8	1.6	1.9	3,445	1,580	1,865	0.6	0.6	0.7
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2	595	270	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	1,275	545	735	2.8	2.4	3.1	15,730	6,870	8,860	2.8	2.4	3.1
Viet Nam	180	85	95	0.4	0.4	0.4	655	300	355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	235	105	125	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,510	765	745	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sri Lanka	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,855	940	920	4.0	4.1	3.9	9,290	4,660	4,630	1.6	1.7	1.6
Pakistan	390	175	220	0.8	0.8	0.9	2,595	1,310	1,285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other locations of study in Asia	140	50	90	0.3	0.2	0.4	735	335	400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2	780	430	355	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australia	80	55	25	0.2	0.2	0.1	645	365	280	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	71,615	35,085	36,530	...	...	...	882,760	436,515	446,245	...	...	...
In the labour force	47,895	25,015	22,880	...	...	...	577,510	303,915	273,590	...	...	...
Employed	43,120	22,440	20,680	...	...	...	528,900	277,285	251,620	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,780	2,575	2,205	...	...	...	48,605	26,640	21,970	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	23,720	10,070	13,650	...	...	...	305,250	132,595	172,660	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.9	71.3	62.6	66.9	71.3	62.6	65.4	69.6	61.3	65.4	69.6	61.3
Employment rate	60.2	64.0	56.6	60.2	64.0	56.6	59.9	63.5	56.4	59.9	63.5	56.4
Unemployment rate	10.0	10.3	9.6	10.0	10.3	9.6	8.4	8.8	8.0	8.4	8.8	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	71,615	35,085	36,530	100.0	100.0	100.0	882,760	436,515	446,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	24,535	10,770	13,765	34.3	30.7	37.7	312,775	138,210	174,575	35.4	31.7	39.1
Worked	47,075	24,320	22,760	65.7	69.3	62.3	569,980	298,310	271,675	64.6	68.3	60.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,500	14,595	11,905	37.0	41.6	32.6	313,995	176,910	137,085	35.6	40.5	30.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	20,580	9,725	10,855	28.7	27.7	29.7	255,980	121,395	134,590	29.0	27.8	30.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.8	42.5	41.0	41.8	42.5	41.0	41.7	42.2	41.1	41.7	42.2	41.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	47,895	25,010	22,880	100.0	100.0	100.0	577,505	303,920	273,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,455	770	685	3.0	3.1	3.0	14,000	7,290	6,715	2.4	2.4	2.5
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	46,440	24,240	22,195	97.0	96.9	97.0	563,505	296,630	266,870	97.6	97.6	97.5
Employee	40,905	20,855	20,050	85.4	83.4	87.6	469,850	237,200	232,650	81.4	78.0	85.0
Permanent position	33,455	17,270	16,180	69.9	69.1	70.7	383,850	196,385	187,470	66.5	64.6	68.5
Temporary position	7,450	3,580	3,865	15.6	14.3	16.9	86,000	40,815	45,180	14.9	13.4	16.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,450	1,160	1,290	5.1	4.6	5.6	24,010	9,810	14,200	4.2	3.2	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,000	2,420	2,580	10.4	9.7	11.3	61,985	31,005	30,985	10.7	10.2	11.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,535	3,385	2,150	11.6	13.5	9.4	93,655	59,430	34,225	16.2	19.6	12.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	47,895	25,010	22,880	100.0	100.0	100.0	577,505	303,920	273,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,455	770	685	3.0	3.1	3.0	14,000	7,290	6,715	2.4	2.4	2.5
All occupations¹⁹¹	46,440	24,240	22,195	97.0	96.9	97.0	563,505	296,630	266,870	97.6	97.6	97.5
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	595	360	235	1.2	1.4	1.0	5,305	3,110	2,195	0.9	1.0	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	8,860	3,120	5,740	18.5	12.5	25.1	82,325	22,340	59,985	14.3	7.4	21.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	4,065	3,040	1,020	8.5	12.2	4.5	30,545	23,195	7,345	5.3	7.6	2.7
3 Health occupations	4,020	880	3,140	8.4	3.5	13.7	49,765	8,520	41,245	8.6	2.8	15.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,510	2,405	4,105	13.6	9.6	17.9	71,380	22,580	48,800	12.4	7.4	17.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,205	545	655	2.5	2.2	2.9	11,145	4,145	7,000	1.9	1.4	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	12,605	6,070	6,540	26.3	24.3	28.6	133,655	57,805	75,855	23.1	19.0	27.7
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	6,640	6,125	515	13.9	24.5	2.3	105,470	96,690	8,780	18.3	31.8	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	775	645	130	1.6	2.6	0.6	54,755	42,350	12,405	9.5	13.9	4.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,170	1,055	115	2.4	4.2	0.5	19,165	15,900	3,265	3.3	5.2	1.2
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	47,895	25,010	22,880	100.0	100.0	100.0	577,505	303,920	273,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,455	770	685	3.0	3.1	3.0	14,000	7,290	6,715	2.4	2.4	2.5
All industries¹⁹¹	46,440	24,240	22,195	97.0	96.9	97.0	563,505	296,630	266,870	97.6	97.6	97.5
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	445	320	125	0.9	1.3	0.5	48,750	34,620	14,130	8.4	11.4	5.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	370	315	50	0.8	1.3	0.2	18,555	16,035	2,515	3.2	5.3	0.9
22 Utilities	775	460	315	1.6	1.8	1.4	5,855	4,320	1,530	1.0	1.4	0.6
23 Construction	2,880	2,480	395	6.0	9.9	1.7	44,130	38,640	5,490	7.6	12.7	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,890	1,565	325	3.9	6.3	1.4	26,200	20,290	5,910	4.5	6.7	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,620	1,190	430	3.4	4.8	1.9	19,815	14,675	5,135	3.4	4.8	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	5,530	2,860	2,670	11.5	11.4	11.7	61,480	30,005	31,475	10.6	9.9	11.5
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,855	1,560	300	3.9	6.2	1.3	24,225	19,320	4,910	4.2	6.4	1.8
51 Information and cultural industries	1,360	795	560	2.8	3.2	2.4	8,130	4,180	3,950	1.4	1.4	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	2,740	1,265	1,480	5.7	5.1	6.5	19,600	6,845	12,750	3.4	2.3	4.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	745	415	330	1.6	1.7	1.4	7,195	3,950	3,240	1.2	1.3	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,285	1,900	1,385	6.9	7.6	6.1	26,670	13,725	12,945	4.6	4.5	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2	785	350	440	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,675	1,005	670	3.5	4.0	2.9	17,545	10,140	7,405	3.0	3.3	2.7
61 Educational services	3,715	1,300	2,410	7.8	5.2	10.5	46,205	13,905	32,305	8.0	4.6	11.8
62 Health care and social assistance	6,370	1,430	4,945	13.3	5.7	21.6	80,465	14,190	66,270	13.9	4.7	24.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	960	500	460	2.0	2.0	2.0	10,150	5,090	5,060	1.8	1.7	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	3,430	1,670	1,760	7.2	6.7	7.7	32,705	14,110	18,595	5.7	4.6	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,115	905	1,210	4.4	3.6	5.3	25,825	12,800	13,025	4.5	4.2	4.8
91 Public administration	4,620	2,270	2,345	9.6	9.1	10.2	39,210	19,420	19,795	6.8	6.4	7.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	50,575	26,150	24,430	100.0	100.0	100.0	615,785	321,390	294,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	48,285	25,025	23,255	95.5	95.7	95.2	597,140	312,770	284,370	97.0	97.3	96.6
French	190	50	140	0.4	0.2	0.6	1,205	335	865	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	380	175	200	0.8	0.7	0.8	2,200	1,100	1,100	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	130	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	380	175	200	0.8	0.7	0.8	1,950	975	975	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	505	205	300	1.0	0.8	1.2	3,715	1,425	2,290	0.6	0.4	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	1,160	660	500	2.3	2.5	2.0	11,275	5,640	5,640	1.8	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	180	80	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	50,575	26,150	24,430	100.0	100.0	100.0	615,785	321,390	294,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	50,255	25,990	24,260	99.4	99.4	99.3	613,080	320,105	292,980	99.6	99.6	99.5
Official languages	49,695	25,690	24,005	98.3	98.2	98.3	608,585	317,760	290,825	98.8	98.9	98.8
English	49,370	25,605	23,760	97.6	97.9	97.3	606,550	317,230	289,325	98.5	98.7	98.3
French	325	85	245	0.6	0.3	1.0	2,035	530	1,500	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official languages	560	305	255	1.1	1.2	1.0	4,495	2,340	2,155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	595	550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	405	330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	400	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	400	325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	275	245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	175	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	175	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	175	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	555	300	255	1.1	1.1	1.0	3,360	1,750	1,610	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	175	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1	360	175	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	75	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,000	550	450	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	145	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	70	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	65	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2	455	250	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1	400	220	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1	240	145	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	80	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	80	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	375	220	150	0.7	0.8	0.6	1,565	820	740	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	365	215	150	0.7	0.8	0.6	1,505	795	710	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	270	155	115	0.5	0.6	0.5	1,125	580	545	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	90	60	35	0.2	0.2	0.1	345	190	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	320	150	165	0.6	0.6	0.7	2,710	1,290	1,420	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.2	390	150	250	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	235	120	120	0.5	0.5	0.5	2,290	1,140	1,155	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	50,575	26,150	24,430	100.0	100.0	100.0	615,785	321,390	294,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,125	25,380	23,755	97.1	97.1	97.2	603,050	315,370	287,680	97.9	98.1	97.7
English	280	140	140	0.6	0.5	0.6	2,935	1,355	1,580	0.5	0.4	0.5
French	315	145	165	0.6	0.6	0.7	2,530	1,090	1,440	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	675	375	305	1.3	1.4	1.2	6,265	3,050	3,215	1.0	0.9	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,130	895	1,235	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	665	375	295	1.3	1.4	1.2	4,140	2,155	1,980	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0	120	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	90	50	0.3	0.3	0.2	750	420	335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	43,120	22,440	20,675	100.0	100.0	100.0	528,900	277,280	251,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,370	4,430	4,935	21.7	19.7	23.9	97,525	49,585	47,940	18.4	17.9	19.1
Worked outside Canada	60	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0	755	515	235	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,500	3,440	1,055	10.4	15.3	5.1	71,095	54,970	16,125	13.4	19.8	6.4
Usual place of work	29,190	14,515	14,680	67.7	64.7	71.0	359,530	172,210	187,320	68.0	62.1	74.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,195	14,515	14,680	100.0	100.0	100.0	359,530	172,215	187,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,700	12,830	13,870	91.5	88.4	94.5	245,520	112,700	132,815	68.3	65.4	70.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,885	1,275	605	6.5	8.8	4.1	78,380	39,945	38,430	21.8	23.2	20.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	430	280	150	1.5	1.9	1.0	26,900	14,655	12,250	7.5	8.5	6.5
Commute to a different province or territory	175	130	45	0.6	0.9	0.3	8,735	4,920	3,815	2.4	2.9	2.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	33,690	17,960	15,735	100.0	100.0	100.0	430,625	227,180	203,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,085	16,360	13,725	89.3	91.1	87.2	389,035	208,585	180,445	90.3	91.8	88.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	27,670	15,590	12,085	82.1	86.8	76.8	364,190	199,915	164,270	84.6	88.0	80.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,415	775	1,640	7.2	4.3	10.4	24,850	8,670	16,180	5.8	3.8	8.0
Public transit	1,200	515	685	3.6	2.9	4.4	7,935	3,030	4,905	1.8	1.3	2.4
Walked	1,445	650	795	4.3	3.6	5.1	22,105	9,315	12,795	5.1	4.1	6.3
Bicycle	195	120	80	0.6	0.7	0.5	3,045	1,980	1,070	0.7	0.9	0.5
Other method	765	310	450	2.3	1.7	2.9	8,505	4,280	4,225	2.0	1.9	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	33,690	17,960	15,735	100.0	100.0	100.0	430,625	227,180	203,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	15,190	7,745	7,440	45.1	43.1	47.3	202,860	98,070	104,795	47.1	43.2	51.5
15 to 29 minutes	15,250	8,240	7,010	45.3	45.9	44.6	152,070	82,490	69,585	35.3	36.3	34.2
30 to 44 minutes	1,870	1,125	750	5.6	6.3	4.8	42,705	25,055	17,655	9.9	11.0	8.7
45 to 59 minutes	655	370	285	1.9	2.1	1.8	14,775	8,890	5,875	3.4	3.9	2.9
60 minutes and over	725	475	250	2.2	2.6	1.6	18,210	12,675	5,535	4.2	5.6	2.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	33,690	17,960	15,735	100.0	100.0	100.0	430,625	227,180	203,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,435	1,035	400	4.3	5.8	2.5	25,595	18,700	6,890	5.9	8.2	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,845	2,925	1,925	14.4	16.3	12.2	74,470	47,500	26,975	17.3	20.9	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,555	5,510	5,045	31.3	30.7	32.1	132,035	70,585	61,450	30.7	31.1	30.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,010	3,295	3,715	20.8	18.3	23.6	94,680	40,390	54,285	22.0	17.8	26.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,585	2,210	2,370	13.6	12.3	15.1	46,065	19,245	26,815	10.7	8.5	13.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,265	2,985	2,280	15.6	16.6	14.5	57,780	30,760	27,015	13.4	13.5	13.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,160	9,805	9,355	100.0	100.0	100.0	266,595	136,825	129,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,650	815	830	8.6	8.3	8.9	15,535	7,860	7,680	5.8	5.7	5.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,510	8,990	8,525	91.4	91.7	91.1	251,060	128,965	122,095	94.2	94.3	94.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,700	7,045	6,660	100.0	100.0	100.0	192,900	99,195	93,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,235	610	625	9.0	8.7	9.4	11,720	5,965	5,760	6.1	6.0	6.1
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	895	430	460	6.5	6.1	6.9	7,000	3,445	3,555	3.6	3.5	3.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	340	180	160	2.5	2.6	2.4	4,720	2,515	2,205	2.4	2.5	2.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,465	6,430	6,035	91.0	91.3	90.6	181,180	93,235	87,950	93.9	94.0	93.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 8, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
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