Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina--Qu'AppelleMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	89,275	44,840	44,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,275	9,300	8,975	20.5	20.7	20.2
0 to 4 years	5,635	2,850	2,780	6.3	6.4	6.3
5 to 9 years	6,285	3,185	3,095	7.0	7.1	7.0
10 to 14 years	6,355	3,260	3,100	7.1	7.3	7.0
15 to 64 years	56,395	28,710	27,690	63.2	64.0	62.3
15 to 19 years	5,470	2,850	2,625	6.1	6.4	5.9
20 to 24 years	5,015	2,705	2,315	5.6	6.0	5.2
25 to 29 years	5,305	2,695	2,610	5.9	6.0	5.9
30 to 34 years	6,025	3,005	3,020	6.7	6.7	6.8
35 to 39 years	6,420	3,260	3,165	7.2	7.3	7.1
40 to 44 years	6,050	3,055	2,995	6.8	6.8	6.7
45 to 49 years	5,455	2,745	2,710	6.1	6.1	6.1
50 to 54 years	5,270	2,720	2,550	5.9	6.1	5.7
55 to 59 years	5,800	2,920	2,880	6.5	6.5	6.5
60 to 64 years	5,585	2,760	2,820	6.3	6.2	6.3
65 years and over	14,600	6,835	7,770	16.4	15.2	17.5
65 to 69 years	4,870	2,380	2,490	5.5	5.3	5.6
70 to 74 years	3,730	1,825	1,900	4.2	4.1	4.3
75 to 79 years	2,480	1,185	1,295	2.8	2.6	2.9
80 to 84 years	1,760	790	970	2.0	1.8	2.2
85 years and over	1,765	650	1,110	2.0	1.4	2.5
85 to 89 years	1,055	420	635	1.2	0.9	1.4
90 to 94 years	540	195	350	0.6	0.4	0.8
95 to 99 years	140	30	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	20.5	20.7	20.2	20.5	20.7	20.2
15 to 64 years	63.2	64.0	62.3	63.2	64.0	62.3
65 years and over	16.4	15.2	17.5	16.4	15.2	17.5
85 years and over	2.0	1.4	2.5	2.0	1.4	2.5
Average age of the population	39.2	38.5	39.9	39.2	38.5	39.9
Median age of the population	38.4	38.0	39.2	38.4	38.0	39.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	27,705	...	...	78.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,060	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	1,085	...	...	3.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	790	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,800	...	...	10.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	370	...	...	1.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	45	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	480	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,995	...	...	28.3	...	...
2 persons	12,220	...	...	34.6	...	...
3 persons	5,025	...	...	14.2	...	...
4 persons	4,670	...	...	13.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,435	...	...	9.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	87,715	43,925	43,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	71,000	35,545	35,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	39,380	19,665	19,715	55.5	55.3	55.6
Married	32,110	16,050	16,060	45.2	45.2	45.3
Living common-law	7,270	3,615	3,655	10.2	10.2	10.3
Living common law - Never married	5,435	2,710	2,725	7.7	7.6	7.7
Living common law - Separated	255	135	115	0.4	0.4	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,440	725	720	2.0	2.0	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	140	45	95	0.2	0.1	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	31,620	15,880	15,745	44.5	44.7	44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	21,540	12,130	9,410	30.3	34.1	26.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,740	795	950	2.5	2.2	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	4,355	2,020	2,340	6.1	5.7	6.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,980	930	3,050	5.6	2.6	8.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	24,545	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	12,545	...	...	51.1	...	...
3 persons	4,905	...	...	20.0	...	...
4 persons	4,440	...	...	18.1	...	...
5 or more persons	2,645	...	...	10.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	24,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	19,290	...	...	78.6	...	...
Married couples	15,655	...	...	63.8	...	...
With children⁶	8,040	...	...	32.8	...	...
Without children	7,615	...	...	31.0	...	...
Common-law couples	3,635	...	...	14.8	...	...
With children⁶	1,685	...	...	6.9	...	...
Without children	1,955	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,255	...	...	21.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,905	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,345	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	87,715	43,925	43,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	72,085	35,720	36,365	82.2	81.3	83.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	38,580	19,270	19,315	44.0	43.9	44.1
Parents in one-parent families	5,250	1,350	3,910	6.0	3.1	8.9
Children⁶	28,250	15,105	13,145	32.2	34.4	30.0
In a two-parent family	19,230	10,200	9,030	21.9	23.2	20.6
In a one-parent family	9,025	4,900	4,120	10.3	11.2	9.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,630	8,205	7,420	17.8	18.7	16.9
Living alone	9,995	5,090	4,905	11.4	11.6	11.2
Living with other relatives⁷	2,625	1,300	1,325	3.0	3.0	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	3,015	1,820	1,195	3.4	4.1	2.7
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,575	...	...	61.0	...	...
Couple-family households	17,685	...	...	50.0	...	...
With children⁶	8,840	...	...	25.0	...	...
Without children	8,845	...	...	25.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,890	...	...	11.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	930	...	...	2.6	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	170	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,195	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,480	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	9,990	...	...	28.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	69,515	34,670	34,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,300	32,950	33,350	95.4	95.0	95.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	46,000	39,200	42,000	46,000	39,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,350	32,980	33,365	95.4	95.1	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	40,800	36,000	38,000	40,800	36,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,540	29,015	28,525	82.8	83.7	81.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,200	31,600	37,200	43,200	31,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	47,660	24,695	22,970	68.6	71.2	65.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	44,000	34,400	39,200	44,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	59,200	28,830	30,370	85.2	83.2	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,500	7,700	10,800	9,500	7,700	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,910	3,700	3,210	9.9	10.7	9.2
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,840	6,000	6,000	5,840	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,400	8,630	8,770	25.0	24.9	25.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	69,305	34,550	34,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,170	32,855	33,320	95.5	95.1	95.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	55,750	45,120	50,400	55,750	45,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,215	32,870	33,345	95.5	95.1	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,920	46,280	39,600	42,920	46,280	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,650	29,000	28,645	83.2	83.9	82.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,240	53,300	39,080	46,240	53,300	39,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,640	24,600	23,035	68.7	71.2	66.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,680	52,450	40,520	46,680	52,450	40,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,980	28,680	30,300	85.1	83.0	87.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,340	9,940	12,670	11,340	9,940	12,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,820	3,635	3,185	9.8	10.5	9.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	6,520	7,670	7,050	6,520	7,670
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,450	8,590	8,860	25.2	24.9	25.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,420	9,320	9,530	9,420	9,320	9,530
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	69,305	34,550	34,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,120	13,130	10,990	34.8	38.0	31.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	65,000	55,600	60,800	65,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,600	73,000	61,200	67,600	73,000	61,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,345	8,460	8,890	25.0	24.5	25.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,200	16,800	19,200	22,200	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,120	32,560	23,880	28,120	32,560	23,880
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	84.4	74.4	80.0	84.4	74.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.6	70.6	62.1	66.6	70.6	62.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.1	15.6	25.5	20.1	15.6	25.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	4.8	6.8	5.7	4.8	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.9	4.4	5.6	4.9	4.4	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	69,515	34,670	34,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	3,215	1,715	1,500	4.6	5.0	4.3
With total income	66,300	32,950	33,345	95.4	95.1	95.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,605	2,810	2,795	8.5	8.5	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,190	3,215	3,975	10.8	9.8	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	10,160	4,620	5,545	15.3	14.0	16.6
$30,000 to $39,999	8,460	3,650	4,810	12.8	11.1	14.4
$40,000 to $49,999	8,035	3,695	4,335	12.1	11.2	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	6,815	3,315	3,505	10.3	10.1	10.5
$60,000 to $69,999	5,170	2,725	2,445	7.8	8.3	7.3
$70,000 to $79,999	3,900	2,195	1,705	5.9	6.7	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	3,000	1,735	1,270	4.5	5.3	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,230	1,220	1,000	3.4	3.7	3.0
$100,000 and over	5,735	3,765	1,970	8.7	11.4	5.9
$100,000 to $149,999	4,300	2,705	1,590	6.5	8.2	4.8
$150,000 and over	1,435	1,055	380	2.2	3.2	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	69,515	34,670	34,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	3,165	1,685	1,480	4.6	4.9	4.2
With after-tax income	66,350	32,980	33,365	95.4	95.1	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,815	2,905	2,915	8.8	8.8	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	7,525	3,385	4,145	11.3	10.3	12.4
$20,000 to $29,999	11,525	5,270	6,255	17.4	16.0	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	10,125	4,555	5,565	15.3	13.8	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,455	4,535	4,920	14.3	13.7	14.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,305	3,840	3,465	11.0	11.6	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	4,990	2,760	2,235	7.5	8.4	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,560	1,945	1,610	5.4	5.9	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,175	1,235	940	3.3	3.7	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,295	790	505	2.0	2.4	1.5
$100,000 and over	2,580	1,765	810	3.9	5.4	2.4
$100,000 to $124,999	1,495	990	505	2.3	3.0	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,085	775	310	1.6	2.3	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	69,515	34,670	34,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	21,850	9,975	11,870	31.4	28.8	34.1
With employment income	47,660	24,695	22,970	68.6	71.2	65.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,500	3,175	3,330	13.6	12.9	14.5
$5,000 to $9,999	3,435	1,610	1,830	7.2	6.5	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	5,210	2,450	2,760	10.9	9.9	12.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,610	2,145	2,470	9.7	8.7	10.8
$30,000 to $39,999	4,420	2,040	2,380	9.3	8.3	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	4,690	2,315	2,365	9.8	9.4	10.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,225	2,160	2,065	8.9	8.7	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	3,440	1,920	1,515	7.2	7.8	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	2,720	1,580	1,140	5.7	6.4	5.0
$80,000 to $89,999	2,320	1,355	965	4.9	5.5	4.2
$90,000 to $99,999	1,695	940	755	3.5	3.8	3.3
$100,000 and over	4,405	3,005	1,395	9.2	12.2	6.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,345	1,490	860	4.9	6.0	3.7
$125,000 and over	2,050	1,520	540	4.3	6.1	2.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	69,515	34,670	34,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,800	32,165	32,635	93.2	92.8	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,600	36,000	40,400	45,600	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,810	32,165	32,645	93.2	92.8	93.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	40,400	33,600	36,400	40,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,870	28,715	28,150	81.8	82.8	80.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	32,800	38,800	45,200	32,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,585	24,755	22,830	68.5	71.4	65.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,600	35,600	40,400	45,600	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	56,300	27,515	28,780	81.0	79.4	82.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,920	1,450	6,650	3,920	1,450	6,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,360	2,705	2,655	7.7	7.8	7.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,160	5,840	6,600	6,160	5,840	6,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	69,305	34,550	34,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,770	32,115	32,655	93.5	93.0	94.0
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,480	54,650	42,440	48,480	54,650	42,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,780	32,115	32,665	93.5	93.0	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,040	45,080	37,040	41,040	45,080	37,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	57,100	28,840	28,260	82.4	83.5	81.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	54,650	39,600	47,200	54,650	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,855	24,885	22,970	69.0	72.0	66.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,680	53,800	41,000	47,680	53,800	41,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	56,205	27,395	28,810	81.1	79.3	82.9
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,930	6,540	9,260	7,930	6,540	9,260
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,355	2,790	2,565	7.7	8.1	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,610	6,720	8,590	7,610	6,720	8,590
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	69,305	34,550	34,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,990	13,080	10,915	34.6	37.9	31.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,000	63,200	52,800	58,000	63,200	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	65,100	71,300	57,800	65,100	71,300	57,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,290	8,020	8,270	23.5	23.2	23.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	30,800	23,000	26,000	30,800	23,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,520	40,280	28,920	34,520	40,280	28,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	89.8	80.8	85.8	89.8	80.8
Employment income (%)	72.6	76.2	68.0	72.6	76.2	68.0
Government transfers (%)	14.2	10.2	19.2	14.2	10.2	19.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,340	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,400	...	...	80,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	10,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,480	...	...	49,480	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,160	...	...	42,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,265	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,300	...	...	112,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,700	...	...	95,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	425	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	360	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	625	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,605	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,315	...	...	3.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,220	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,405	...	...	4.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,455	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,490	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,840	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,655	...	...	7.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,370	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,250	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,075	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,075	...	...	37.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,305	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,010	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,360	...	...	9.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,405	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	455	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	375	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	655	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,695	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,485	...	...	4.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,400	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,685	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,700	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,705	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,280	...	...	9.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,015	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,745	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,595	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,235	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,110	...	...	28.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,225	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,565	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,325	...	...	9.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	24,415	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	9,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,810	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,010	6,910	6,100	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	39,600	37,600	38,800	39,600	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	36,000	34,800	35,200	36,000	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	24,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,900	...	...	94,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,030	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,200	...	...	107,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	89,300	...	...	89,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	137,600	...	...	137,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,600	...	...	116,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,400	...	...	69,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,050	7,015	6,030	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,880	48,640	44,800	46,880	48,640	44,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,200	41,000	39,240	40,200	41,000	39,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	87,715	43,925	43,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,600	11,025	10,575	24.6	25.1	24.1
0 to 5 years	6,830	3,450	3,385	7.8	7.9	7.7
18 to 64 years	52,280	26,315	25,965	59.6	59.9	59.3
65 years and over	13,840	6,585	7,250	15.8	15.0	16.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	12,765	6,280	6,485	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,345	2,225	2,125	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,505	735	770	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	6,260	3,160	3,095	...	...	...
65 years and over	2,155	890	1,265	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	14.5	14.3	14.8	14.5	14.3	14.8
0 to 17 years (%)	20.1	20.2	20.1	20.1	20.2	20.1
0 to 5 years (%)	22.0	21.3	22.7	22.0	21.3	22.7
18 to 64 years (%)	12.0	12.0	11.9	12.0	12.0	11.9
65 years and over (%)	15.6	13.5	17.4	15.6	13.5	17.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	82,320	41,190	41,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,475	9,945	9,520	23.7	24.1	23.1
0 to 5 years	6,230	3,175	3,060	7.6	7.7	7.4
18 to 64 years	49,455	24,860	24,595	60.1	60.4	59.8
65 years and over	13,390	6,380	7,010	16.3	15.5	17.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,155	1,735	1,420	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	855	455	400	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	290	150	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,110	1,180	925	...	...	...
65 years and over	195	95	95	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.8	4.2	3.5	3.8	4.2	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.6	4.2	4.4	4.6	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	4.6	4.7	4.6	4.6	4.7	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.8	3.8	4.3	4.8	3.8
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.5	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	87,715	43,930	43,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	48,905	24,060	24,845	55.8	54.8	56.7
In bottom decile	11,035	5,570	5,465	12.6	12.7	12.5
In second decile	10,550	5,000	5,545	12.0	11.4	12.7
In third decile	9,450	4,630	4,820	10.8	10.5	11.0
In fourth decile	9,025	4,455	4,565	10.3	10.1	10.4
In fifth decile	8,850	4,400	4,450	10.1	10.0	10.2
In top half of the distribution	38,805	19,870	18,940	44.2	45.2	43.3
In sixth decile	8,570	4,330	4,235	9.8	9.9	9.7
In seventh decile	8,365	4,320	4,045	9.5	9.8	9.2
In eighth decile	8,365	4,290	4,070	9.5	9.8	9.3
In ninth decile	7,685	3,905	3,780	8.8	8.9	8.6
In top decile	5,825	3,025	2,800	6.6	6.9	6.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	87,715	...	...	87,715	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.458	...	...	0.458	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	87,830	43,980	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	84,245	42,370	41,880	95.9	96.3	95.5
French only	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	2,985	1,345	1,640	3.4	3.1	3.7
Neither English nor French	560	245	310	0.6	0.6	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	87,830	43,980	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	86,645	43,415	43,225	98.7	98.7	98.6
French	525	265	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	525	225	305	0.6	0.5	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	87,830	43,980	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,495	42,815	42,685	97.3	97.4	97.3
Official languages	75,575	37,920	37,660	86.0	86.2	85.9
English	75,035	37,640	37,390	85.4	85.6	85.3
French	545	280	270	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	9,920	4,895	5,020	11.3	11.1	11.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	425	190	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	345	150	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	260	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	260	115	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	195	85	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,495	4,705	4,790	10.8	10.7	10.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	665	335	330	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	575	290	280	0.7	0.7	0.6
Amharic	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	395	205	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	475	230	245	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	465	225	245	0.5	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,520	1,205	1,315	2.9	2.7	3.0
Bikol	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,985	950	1,030	2.3	2.2	2.3
Waray-Waray	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,445	2,245	2,205	5.1	5.1	5.0
Albanian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	915	440	475	1.0	1.0	1.1
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	910	440	475	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	505	250	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	715	350	365	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	540	265	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
German	530	255	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,235	1,180	1,050	2.5	2.7	2.4
Indo-Aryan languages	2,125	1,120	1,005	2.4	2.5	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	390	205	190	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	135	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	600	325	280	0.7	0.7	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	775	390	385	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	110	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	495	220	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	80	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	300	135	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	275	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	560	275	285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	345	165	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	145	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	120	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,335	1,170	1,165	2.7	2.7	2.7
English and French	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,845	910	930	2.1	2.1	2.1
French and non-official language(s)	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	87,830	43,980	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	76,430	38,360	38,075	87.0	87.2	86.8
French	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,320	1,150	1,165	2.6	2.6	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,300	1,140	1,155	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and French	405	200	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	8,025	3,925	4,105	9.1	8.9	9.4
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	200	120	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	300	160	140	0.3	0.4	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	87,830	43,980	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	85,715	42,960	42,760	97.6	97.7	97.5
Official languages	80,055	40,120	39,935	91.1	91.2	91.1
English	79,870	40,030	39,840	90.9	91.0	90.9
French	180	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	5,665	2,840	2,825	6.4	6.5	6.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,575	2,795	2,780	6.3	6.4	6.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	500	245	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	430	215	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	310	160	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	390	195	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	385	195	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,535	775	765	1.7	1.8	1.7
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,280	635	645	1.5	1.4	1.5
Waray-Waray	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,345	1,195	1,150	2.7	2.7	2.6
Albanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	295	145	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	135	65	65	0.2	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,665	865	800	1.9	2.0	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	1,610	840	770	1.8	1.9	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	310	165	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Gujarati	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	515	275	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	565	280	290	0.6	0.6	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	225	100	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	390	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	70	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,115	1,025	1,090	2.4	2.3	2.5
English and French	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,960	950	1,010	2.2	2.2	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	87,830	43,980	43,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	80,555	40,370	40,185	91.7	91.8	91.6
English	2,590	1,280	1,310	2.9	2.9	3.0
French	335	175	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	3,325	1,610	1,710	3.8	3.7	3.9
Indigenous³⁹	510	225	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-Indigenous	2,815	1,385	1,425	3.2	3.1	3.2
English and French	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	505	260	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	395	215	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	87,640	43,900	43,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	87,150	43,700	43,450	99.4	99.5	99.3
English	87,135	43,690	43,445	99.4	99.5	99.3
French	2,905	1,365	1,545	3.3	3.1	3.5
Non-official languages	13,960	6,835	7,130	15.9	15.6	16.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,335	660	675	1.5	1.5	1.5
Algonquian languages	1,045	520	530	1.2	1.2	1.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	850	405	445	1.0	0.9	1.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	850	405	445	1.0	0.9	1.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	255	110	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	585	290	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	280	160	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	280	160	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	260	145	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	250	105	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Assiniboine	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	195	80	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,650	6,180	6,470	14.4	14.1	14.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	955	470	490	1.1	1.1	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	140	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	105	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	825	405	425	0.9	0.9	1.0
Amharic	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	630	295	335	0.7	0.7	0.8
Aramaic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	595	275	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	595	275	325	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,335	1,595	1,740	3.8	3.6	4.0
Bikol	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	355	165	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indonesian	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,255	1,555	1,700	3.7	3.5	3.9
Waray-Waray	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	105	75	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Creole languages	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	290	135	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Kannada	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	90	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,805	2,940	2,870	6.6	6.7	6.6
Albanian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,205	605	600	1.4	1.4	1.4
Baltic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,200	605	600	1.4	1.4	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	180	90	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	410	195	215	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	730	390	340	0.8	0.9	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	900	470	430	1.0	1.1	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	645	320	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	645	320	325	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	240	150	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	130	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,865	1,480	1,390	3.3	3.4	3.2
Indo-Aryan languages	2,750	1,420	1,335	3.1	3.2	3.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	450	235	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Gujarati	185	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hindi	750	400	350	0.9	0.9	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	855	430	425	1.0	1.0	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,250	615	635	1.4	1.4	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	205	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	140	65	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian languages	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	900	400	505	1.0	0.9	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	135	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	680	300	380	0.8	0.7	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	805	400	400	0.9	0.9	0.9
Akan (Twi)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	115	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lingala	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	125	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	315	140	175	0.4	0.3	0.4
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	730	345	385	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	450	215	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	235	110	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	220	105	115	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	225	105	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Burmese	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.3
S'gaw Karen	160	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages	70	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Thai	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,640	43,905	43,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	17,190	8,230	8,955	19.6	18.7	20.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	16,845	8,095	8,755	19.2	18.4	20.0
First Nations (North American Indian)	12,930	6,200	6,735	14.8	14.1	15.4
Métis	3,885	1,885	2,005	4.4	4.3	4.6
Inuk (Inuit)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	175	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	70,450	35,670	34,780	80.4	81.2	79.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	87,640	43,905	43,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	12,365	5,910	6,455	14.1	13.5	14.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	75,275	37,990	37,285	85.9	86.5	85.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,650	...	...	69.8	...	...
Renter	9,205	...	...	26.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,485	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,195	...	...	6.2	...	...
Not condominium	33,145	...	...	93.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	110	...	...	0.3	...	...
1 bedroom	2,400	...	...	6.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,525	...	...	24.1	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,495	...	...	38.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,805	...	...	30.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,395	...	...	20.9	...	...
5 rooms	6,405	...	...	18.1	...	...
6 rooms	5,895	...	...	16.7	...	...
7 rooms	5,105	...	...	14.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,540	...	...	29.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	34,385	...	...	97.3	...	...
More than one person per room	955	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,325	...	...	94.3	...	...
Not suitable	2,010	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	7,850	...	...	22.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	14,695	...	...	41.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,680	...	...	10.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,275	...	...	6.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,205	...	...	3.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,545	...	...	4.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,340	...	...	6.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,755	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	31,745	...	...	89.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,595	...	...	10.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,635	...	...	52.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	15,400	...	...	43.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,300	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,340	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,115	...	...	3.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,135	...	...	14.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,835	...	...	19.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,160	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,990	...	...	19.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,075	...	...	14.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,890	...	...	8.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,135	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	32,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	26,985	...	...	82.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,650	...	...	17.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,280	...	...	16.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	10,075	...	...	28.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,810	...	...	13.6	...	...
Not suitable only	1,505	...	...	4.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,625	...	...	7.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	165	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	625	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	300	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,260	...	...	71.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	32,265	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	4,040	...	...	12.5	...	...
Not in core need	28,220	...	...	87.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	23,685	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.5	...	...	60.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,292	...	...	1,292	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	318,400	...	...	318,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,050	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	18.8	...	...	18.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.9	...	...	32.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	28.4	...	...	28.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,084	...	...	1,084	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,480	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	250	...	...	250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	276	...	...	276	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	87,640	43,900	43,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,190	5,895	6,295	13.9	13.4	14.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	11,855	5,740	6,110	13.5	13.1	14.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,715	5,190	5,525	12.2	11.8	12.6
Métis single ancestry	1,130	550	585	1.3	1.3	1.3
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	335	150	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	335	150	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	5,190	2,440	2,750	5.9	5.6	6.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,900	2,315	2,580	5.6	5.3	5.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,950	1,400	1,550	3.4	3.2	3.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,915	900	1,020	2.2	2.1	2.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	290	120	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	270	120	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	70,265	35,565	34,695	80.2	81.0	79.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	87,640	43,905	43,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	81,600	40,935	40,665	93.1	93.2	93.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	20,295	10,410	9,885	23.2	23.7	22.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	61,305	30,525	30,775	70.0	69.5	70.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,045	2,970	3,075	6.9	6.8	7.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	87,640	43,905	43,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	75,720	38,055	37,665	86.4	86.7	86.1
Immigrants⁸¹	11,165	5,455	5,710	12.7	12.4	13.1
Before 1980	1,125	560	560	1.3	1.3	1.3
1980 to 1990	415	210	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
1991 to 2000	490	220	275	0.6	0.5	0.6
2001 to 2010	2,535	1,185	1,345	2.9	2.7	3.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	6,600	3,280	3,320	7.5	7.5	7.6
2011 to 2015	3,610	1,840	1,765	4.1	4.2	4.0
2016 to 2021	2,990	1,435	1,555	3.4	3.3	3.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	755	390	370	0.9	0.9	0.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	11,160	5,455	5,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,340	670	670	12.0	12.3	11.7
5 to 14 years	2,310	1,165	1,140	20.7	21.4	20.0
15 to 24 years	1,650	670	985	14.8	12.3	17.3
25 to 44 years	5,000	2,495	2,505	44.8	45.7	43.9
45 years and over	855	450	405	7.7	8.2	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	11,160	5,455	5,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	920	430	490	8.2	7.9	8.6
Brazil	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Colombia	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
El Salvador	35	15	20	0.3	0.3	0.4
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Jamaica	145	65	80	1.3	1.2	1.4
Mexico	80	35	45	0.7	0.6	0.8
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	405	190	220	3.6	3.5	3.9
Other places of birth in Americas	200	105	100	1.8	1.9	1.8
Europe	1,815	905	910	16.3	16.6	16.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.4
Croatia	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	190	105	85	1.7	1.9	1.5
Greece	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hungary	65	35	30	0.6	0.6	0.5
Italy	80	40	45	0.7	0.7	0.8
Netherlands	95	70	25	0.9	1.3	0.4
Poland	100	45	55	0.9	0.8	1.0
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian Federation	50	25	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	260	125	135	2.3	2.3	2.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	625	295	330	5.6	5.4	5.8
Other places of birth in Europe	195	100	95	1.7	1.8	1.7
Africa	1,485	745	735	13.3	13.7	12.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	100	55	50	0.9	1.0	0.9
Egypt	75	25	50	0.7	0.5	0.9
Eritrea	70	45	20	0.6	0.8	0.4
Ethiopia	100	35	65	0.9	0.6	1.1
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	565	285	280	5.1	5.2	4.9
Somalia	65	35	30	0.6	0.6	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	70	35	35	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	430	230	200	3.9	4.2	3.5
Asia	6,890	3,355	3,540	61.7	61.5	62.1
Afghanistan	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iraq	65	30	35	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanon	45	40	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	205	85	120	1.8	1.6	2.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	190	95	95	1.7	1.7	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	60	25	40	0.5	0.5	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	3,205	1,525	1,675	28.7	28.0	29.4
Viet Nam	450	210	240	4.0	3.8	4.2
Bangladesh	405	210	195	3.6	3.8	3.4
India	940	475	465	8.4	8.7	8.2
Pakistan	775	380	390	6.9	7.0	6.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	480	235	245	4.3	4.3	4.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	20	30	0.4	0.4	0.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,985	1,435	1,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	230	115	115	7.7	8.0	7.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	35	0	1.3	2.4	0.0
Mexico	45	25	25	1.5	1.7	1.6
United States of America	80	25	50	2.7	1.7	3.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	20	1.3	1.4	1.3
Europe	205	115	90	6.9	8.0	5.8
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	15	10	0.7	1.0	0.6
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Ukraine	70	30	35	2.3	2.1	2.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	25	0	1.0	1.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	55	25	30	1.8	1.7	1.9
Africa	635	325	310	21.3	22.6	19.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	20	0	15	0.7	0.0	1.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	10	20	1.0	0.7	1.3
Eritrea	45	30	20	1.5	2.1	1.3
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	375	190	190	12.6	13.2	12.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	10	20	1.2	0.7	1.3
Sudan⁹⁷	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	90	55	35	3.0	3.8	2.3
Asia	1,905	875	1,030	63.8	61.0	66.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	100	40	60	3.4	2.8	3.9
China⁹⁰	40	20	15	1.3	1.4	1.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	390	165	220	13.1	11.5	14.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Lebanon	35	30	0	1.2	2.1	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	230	110	110	7.7	7.7	7.1
Philippines	735	345	390	24.6	24.0	25.1
Saudi Arabia	25	20	0	0.8	1.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	205	85	120	6.9	5.9	7.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	95	40	55	3.2	2.8	3.5
Other places of birth in Asia	40	20	20	1.3	1.4	1.3
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	87,640	43,900	43,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,255	5,990	6,270	14.0	13.6	14.3
Second generation¹⁰¹	9,035	4,475	4,560	10.3	10.2	10.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	66,350	33,435	32,910	75.7	76.2	75.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,035	4,895	5,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	7,025	3,535	3,490	70.0	72.2	67.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,610	1,690	910	26.0	34.5	17.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	4,410	1,840	2,570	43.9	37.6	50.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,660	680	980	16.5	13.9	19.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,350	675	670	13.5	13.8	13.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,035	4,895	5,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	110	75	35	1.1	1.5	0.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,360	775	590	13.6	15.8	11.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	160	80	85	1.6	1.6	1.7
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	420	245	170	4.2	5.0	3.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	40	10	35	0.4	0.2	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,945	3,710	4,235	79.2	75.8	82.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	87,640	43,900	43,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	12,515	6,170	6,345	14.3	14.1	14.5
South Asian	3,335	1,670	1,670	3.8	3.8	3.8
Chinese	495	270	225	0.6	0.6	0.5
Black	2,330	1,215	1,110	2.7	2.8	2.5
Filipino	3,950	1,895	2,060	4.5	4.3	4.7
Arab	445	205	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latin American	345	140	205	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	1,065	495	565	1.2	1.1	1.3
West Asian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	40	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	250	130	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	75,125	37,730	37,395	85.7	85.9	85.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	87,635	43,900	43,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	8,325	4,295	4,020	9.5	9.8	9.2
English	15,930	7,905	8,025	18.2	18.0	18.3
Irish	10,765	5,105	5,660	12.3	11.6	12.9
Scottish	12,640	6,320	6,315	14.4	14.4	14.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,305	3,620	3,685	8.3	8.2	8.4
German	22,770	11,435	11,335	26.0	26.0	25.9
Chinese	765	395	370	0.9	0.9	0.8
Italian	870	445	430	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indian (India)	1,175	580	600	1.3	1.3	1.4
Ukrainian	10,955	5,400	5,555	12.5	12.3	12.7
Dutch	1,685	845	840	1.9	1.9	1.9
Polish	4,490	2,290	2,205	5.1	5.2	5.0
Québécois	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,800	915	890	2.1	2.1	2.0
Filipino	3,435	1,680	1,760	3.9	3.8	4.0
French Canadian	405	160	245	0.5	0.4	0.6
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,140	630	505	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,605	2,650	2,955	6.4	6.0	6.8
Métis	3,655	1,725	1,930	4.2	3.9	4.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	795	450	345	0.9	1.0	0.8
Russian	2,435	1,200	1,230	2.8	2.7	2.8
Norwegian	3,900	1,955	1,945	4.5	4.5	4.4
Welsh	1,320	550	770	1.5	1.3	1.8
Portuguese	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
American	815	410	405	0.9	0.9	0.9
Spanish	480	200	280	0.5	0.5	0.6
Swedish	2,025	1,015	1,010	2.3	2.3	2.3
Hungarian	3,710	1,885	1,825	4.2	4.3	4.2
Acadian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	835	405	430	1.0	0.9	1.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	425	220	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	200	125	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	275	125	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	630	290	335	0.7	0.7	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Greek	265	145	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	290	110	175	0.3	0.3	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	540	260	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	4,875	2,360	2,520	5.6	5.4	5.8
Korean	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	1,560	730	835	1.8	1.7	1.9
Lebanese	55	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	290	140	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	835	400	435	1.0	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,210	570	645	1.4	1.3	1.5
Sikh	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austrian	2,195	1,140	1,055	2.5	2.6	2.4
Belgian	655	325	335	0.7	0.7	0.8
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	80	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	100	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mennonite	240	100	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
Swiss	230	115	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Finnish	430	240	190	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	115	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	375	170	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	215	125	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	800	405	390	0.9	0.9	0.9
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	435	195	245	0.5	0.4	0.6
Syrian	150	60	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	300	120	180	0.3	0.3	0.4
Newfoundlander	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	360	195	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	370	200	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Armenian	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovak	130	75	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	65	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Palestinian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	65	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	110	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	120	80	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
African Canadian	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	170	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	100	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	710	340	370	0.8	0.8	0.8
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	550	270	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	1,995	935	1,060	2.3	2.1	2.4
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tanzanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	155	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	87,640	43,900	43,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	480	230	245	0.5	0.5	0.6
Christian	46,115	22,200	23,915	52.6	50.6	54.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,695	3,290	3,410	7.6	7.5	7.8
Anabaptist	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Anglican	1,945	885	1,060	2.2	2.0	2.4
Baptist	975	505	475	1.1	1.2	1.1
Catholic	20,430	10,120	10,310	23.3	23.1	23.6
Christian Orthodox	990	500	485	1.1	1.1	1.1
Jehovah's Witness	375	170	200	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	220	105	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	4,650	2,260	2,390	5.3	5.1	5.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,170	495	675	1.3	1.1	1.5
Presbyterian	230	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Reformed	85	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	5,910	2,575	3,340	6.7	5.9	7.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,200	1,035	1,165	2.5	2.4	2.7
Hindu	430	230	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jewish	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Muslim	2,710	1,335	1,375	3.1	3.0	3.1
Sikh	590	270	315	0.7	0.6	0.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	2,665	1,275	1,390	3.0	2.9	3.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	645	295	355	0.7	0.7	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	33,950	18,025	15,925	38.7	41.1	36.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	86,695	43,435	43,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	76,085	38,300	37,780	87.8	88.2	87.3
Movers	10,615	5,140	5,475	12.2	11.8	12.7
Non-migrants	7,225	3,530	3,695	8.3	8.1	8.5
Migrants	3,390	1,610	1,780	3.9	3.7	4.1
Internal migrants	2,965	1,425	1,545	3.4	3.3	3.6
Intraprovincial migrants	2,325	1,095	1,225	2.7	2.5	2.8
Interprovincial migrants	650	330	315	0.7	0.8	0.7
External migrants	420	185	240	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	81,995	41,080	40,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	51,260	25,970	25,290	62.5	63.2	61.8
Movers	30,735	15,110	15,625	37.5	36.8	38.2
Non-migrants	15,315	7,515	7,800	18.7	18.3	19.1
Migrants	15,420	7,590	7,830	18.8	18.5	19.1
Internal migrants	13,075	6,510	6,565	15.9	15.8	16.0
Intraprovincial migrants	10,965	5,495	5,470	13.4	13.4	13.4
Interprovincial migrants	2,110	1,010	1,095	2.6	2.5	2.7
External migrants	2,345	1,080	1,260	2.9	2.6	3.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,310	34,555	34,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,125	8,695	6,435	21.8	25.2	18.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	54,180	25,860	28,320	78.2	74.8	81.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,405	22,715	22,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,415	4,035	2,380	14.1	17.8	10.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,990	18,680	20,305	85.9	82.2	89.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,310	34,550	34,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	13,625	7,600	6,030	19.7	22.0	17.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	24,280	12,145	12,135	35.0	35.2	34.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	31,405	14,810	16,595	45.3	42.9	47.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	20,250	10,235	10,015	29.2	29.6	28.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,370	5,420	1,950	10.6	15.7	5.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,965	1,705	1,260	4.3	4.9	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,400	3,715	695	6.3	10.8	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,600	3,985	6,620	15.3	11.5	19.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,280	835	1,445	3.3	2.4	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	11,150	4,575	6,575	16.1	13.2	18.9
Bachelor's degree	8,660	3,460	5,200	12.5	10.0	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	585	225	360	0.8	0.7	1.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	1,625	735	890	2.3	2.1	2.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	90	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	45,405	22,720	22,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,590	3,405	2,190	12.3	15.0	9.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	15,330	7,905	7,430	33.8	34.8	32.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	24,480	11,410	13,075	53.9	50.2	57.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	15,195	7,745	7,445	33.5	34.1	32.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,500	4,085	1,415	12.1	18.0	6.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,200	1,295	910	4.8	5.7	4.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,300	2,795	510	7.3	12.3	2.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,135	3,065	5,075	17.9	13.5	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,555	600	955	3.4	2.6	4.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,285	3,660	5,625	20.4	16.1	24.8
Bachelor's degree	7,130	2,755	4,375	15.7	12.1	19.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	495	175	325	1.1	0.8	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	120	55	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	1,430	610	825	3.1	2.7	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	70	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,305	34,550	34,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	37,905	19,740	18,165	54.7	57.1	52.3
Education	2,570	630	1,935	3.7	1.8	5.6
13. Education	2,570	630	1,935	3.7	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	600	270	330	0.9	0.8	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	75	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	485	195	285	0.7	0.6	0.8
Humanities	1,040	450	590	1.5	1.3	1.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	195	65	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	275	110	165	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	105	45	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	255	165	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	100	25	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,385	690	1,690	3.4	2.0	4.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	260	125	140	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	560	35	530	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	240	55	180	0.3	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	500	95	400	0.7	0.3	1.2
45. Social sciences	700	345	360	1.0	1.0	1.0
Business, management and public administration	7,015	2,255	4,765	10.1	6.5	13.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	730	165	565	1.1	0.5	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,280	2,090	4,195	9.1	6.0	12.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	590	285	305	0.9	0.8	0.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	260	100	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	175	115	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,280	825	460	1.8	2.4	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,085	760	325	1.6	2.2	0.9
25. Library science	60	10	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,735	7,180	560	11.2	20.8	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	120	85	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	925	750	175	1.3	2.2	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,520	1,345	175	2.2	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,380	2,310	70	3.4	6.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,835	1,780	55	2.6	5.2	0.2
48. Precision production	955	900	50	1.4	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,015	635	380	1.5	1.8	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	880	540	340	1.3	1.6	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	100	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	5,055	700	4,355	7.3	2.0	12.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	290	125	165	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,720	565	4,160	6.8	1.6	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,120	900	1,225	3.1	2.6	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,340	285	1,055	1.9	0.8	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	455	315	145	0.7	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	310	285	25	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	45,405	22,715	22,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	20,925	11,310	9,615	46.1	49.8	42.4
Education	1,750	415	1,330	3.9	1.8	5.9
13. Education	1,750	415	1,330	3.9	1.8	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	495	225	260	1.1	1.0	1.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	55	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	415	170	245	0.9	0.7	1.1
Humanities	810	350	460	1.8	1.5	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
23. English language and literature/letters	155	55	100	0.3	0.2	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	240	105	135	0.5	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	95	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	175	110	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,975	515	1,455	4.3	2.3	6.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	230	105	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	490	30	460	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	200	45	150	0.4	0.2	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	400	65	330	0.9	0.3	1.5
45. Social sciences	555	240	315	1.2	1.1	1.4
Business, management and public administration	5,740	1,810	3,935	12.6	8.0	17.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	620	125	495	1.4	0.6	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,115	1,680	3,440	11.3	7.4	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	495	225	270	1.1	1.0	1.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	70	150	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	155	105	55	0.3	0.5	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,125	740	385	2.5	3.3	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	990	705	290	2.2	3.1	1.3
25. Library science	45	0	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	25	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,945	5,455	480	13.1	24.0	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	100	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	735	575	155	1.6	2.5	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,240	1,075	165	2.7	4.7	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,775	1,730	45	3.9	7.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,340	1,315	25	3.0	5.8	0.1
48. Precision production	740	700	45	1.6	3.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	795	470	325	1.8	2.1	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	685	400	285	1.5	1.8	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	115	70	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	3,730	535	3,195	8.2	2.4	14.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	215	85	135	0.5	0.4	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,495	445	3,045	7.7	2.0	13.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,625	655	965	3.6	2.9	4.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,015	185	825	2.2	0.8	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	360	240	120	0.8	1.1	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	245	225	20	0.5	1.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	45,405	22,715	22,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,925	11,310	9,615	46.1	49.8	42.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	24,480	11,405	13,075	53.9	50.2	57.6
Location of study inside Canada	20,450	9,425	11,025	45.0	41.5	48.6
Same as province or territory of residence	17,375	7,800	9,565	38.3	34.3	42.2
Different than province or territory of residence	3,080	1,620	1,460	6.8	7.1	6.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,030	1,985	2,045	8.9	8.7	9.0
Americas	415	220	190	0.9	1.0	0.8
United States of America	350	190	160	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mexico	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	500	270	230	1.1	1.2	1.0
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	155	70	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	100	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Africa	455	235	215	1.0	1.0	0.9
Nigeria	255	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	130	85	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Asia	2,645	1,245	1,395	5.8	5.5	6.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israel	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Philippines	1,340	600	740	3.0	2.6	3.3
Viet Nam	90	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladesh	185	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	530	250	280	1.2	1.1	1.2
Pakistan	310	160	155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other locations of study in Asia	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Australia	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	69,305	34,550	34,755	...	...	...
In the labour force	44,285	23,340	20,945	...	...	...
Employed	39,900	20,945	18,960	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,380	2,395	1,985	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	25,025	11,210	13,815	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.9	67.6	60.3	63.9	67.6	60.3
Employment rate	57.6	60.6	54.6	57.6	60.6	54.6
Unemployment rate	9.9	10.3	9.5	9.9	10.3	9.5
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	69,305	34,550	34,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	25,670	11,655	14,015	37.0	33.7	40.3
Worked	43,640	22,895	20,740	63.0	66.3	59.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,965	13,665	11,295	36.0	39.6	32.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,675	9,230	9,445	26.9	26.7	27.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.1	41.8	42.0	42.1	41.8
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	44,280	23,340	20,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,440	735	705	3.3	3.1	3.4
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	42,840	22,605	20,240	96.7	96.9	96.6
Employee	37,075	18,835	18,240	83.7	80.7	87.1
Permanent position	30,655	15,720	14,935	69.2	67.4	71.3
Temporary position	6,425	3,115	3,315	14.5	13.3	15.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,855	690	1,165	4.2	3.0	5.6
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,570	2,425	2,150	10.3	10.4	10.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,765	3,770	1,995	13.0	16.2	9.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	44,280	23,340	20,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,440	735	705	3.3	3.1	3.4
All occupations¹⁹¹	42,840	22,605	20,240	96.7	96.9	96.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	460	245	215	1.0	1.0	1.0
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,135	1,950	5,185	16.1	8.4	24.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,200	1,710	490	5.0	7.3	2.3
3 Health occupations	3,265	415	2,845	7.4	1.8	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,835	1,520	3,315	10.9	6.5	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	670	265	400	1.5	1.1	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	10,590	4,540	6,050	23.9	19.5	28.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,370	8,595	775	21.2	36.8	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,690	2,015	675	6.1	8.6	3.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,630	1,345	285	3.7	5.8	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	44,280	23,340	20,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,440	735	705	3.3	3.1	3.4
All industries¹⁹¹	42,840	22,605	20,240	96.7	96.9	96.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,365	1,680	690	5.3	7.2	3.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	460	400	55	1.0	1.7	0.3
22 Utilities	570	375	190	1.3	1.6	0.9
23 Construction	4,015	3,500	515	9.1	15.0	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	2,575	2,135	440	5.8	9.1	2.1
41 Wholesale trade	1,770	1,335	435	4.0	5.7	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	4,665	2,365	2,300	10.5	10.1	11.0
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,050	1,645	405	4.6	7.0	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	730	385	340	1.6	1.6	1.6
52 Finance and insurance	1,865	590	1,275	4.2	2.5	6.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	640	380	260	1.4	1.6	1.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,740	865	870	3.9	3.7	4.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,665	1,000	665	3.8	4.3	3.2
61 Educational services	2,535	730	1,810	5.7	3.1	8.6
62 Health care and social assistance	6,185	1,050	5,130	14.0	4.5	24.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	730	385	345	1.6	1.6	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	2,205	860	1,345	5.0	3.7	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,275	1,175	1,105	5.1	5.0	5.3
91 Public administration	3,740	1,725	2,020	8.4	7.4	9.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	46,905	24,550	22,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	45,995	24,110	21,890	98.1	98.2	97.9
French	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	180	80	100	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	590	290	305	1.3	1.2	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	46,905	24,550	22,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	46,805	24,495	22,315	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	46,630	24,400	22,225	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	46,560	24,380	22,180	99.3	99.3	99.2
French	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	175	90	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	170	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	46,905	24,550	22,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	46,200	24,215	21,980	98.5	98.6	98.3
English	105	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
French	125	60	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Non-official language	375	195	180	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	310	170	140	0.7	0.7	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	39,900	20,940	18,955	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,990	3,285	3,710	17.5	15.7	19.6
Worked outside Canada	50	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,480	4,335	1,145	13.7	20.7	6.0
Usual place of work	27,380	13,285	14,095	68.6	63.4	74.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	27,385	13,285	14,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	17,990	8,345	9,645	65.7	62.8	68.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	8,305	4,285	4,020	30.3	32.3	28.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	955	560	390	3.5	4.2	2.8
Commute to a different province or territory	130	90	45	0.5	0.7	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	32,865	17,620	15,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	30,135	16,430	13,705	91.7	93.2	89.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	28,080	15,735	12,335	85.4	89.3	80.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,060	695	1,360	6.3	3.9	8.9
Public transit	725	275	455	2.2	1.6	3.0
Walked	1,265	515	755	3.8	2.9	5.0
Bicycle	155	130	30	0.5	0.7	0.2
Other method	575	270	305	1.7	1.5	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	32,865	17,620	15,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,110	7,365	6,750	42.9	41.8	44.3
15 to 29 minutes	12,680	6,755	5,930	38.6	38.3	38.9
30 to 44 minutes	3,395	1,860	1,535	10.3	10.6	10.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,400	795	610	4.3	4.5	4.0
60 minutes and over	1,270	845	425	3.9	4.8	2.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	32,865	17,620	15,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,075	1,515	565	6.3	8.6	3.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,305	3,905	2,400	19.2	22.2	15.7
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,240	5,335	4,900	31.2	30.3	32.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,400	2,950	3,445	19.5	16.7	22.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,190	1,320	1,870	9.7	7.5	12.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,655	2,590	2,065	14.2	14.7	13.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	21,985	11,235	10,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,085	540	545	4.9	4.8	5.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,905	10,695	10,210	95.1	95.2	94.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	15,920	8,180	7,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	810	395	415	5.1	4.8	5.4
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	515	245	270	3.2	3.0	3.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	295	155	140	1.9	1.9	1.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,110	7,780	7,330	94.9	95.1	94.7

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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