Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Regina--LewvanMore information: Saskatchewan [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	86,900	42,525	44,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16,725	8,570	8,160	19.2	20.2	18.4
0 to 4 years	5,235	2,630	2,600	6.0	6.2	5.9
5 to 9 years	5,885	3,005	2,880	6.8	7.1	6.5
10 to 14 years	5,610	2,930	2,680	6.5	6.9	6.0
15 to 64 years	57,485	28,365	29,120	66.2	66.7	65.6
15 to 19 years	4,780	2,490	2,290	5.5	5.9	5.2
20 to 24 years	5,520	2,820	2,700	6.4	6.6	6.1
25 to 29 years	5,820	2,850	2,970	6.7	6.7	6.7
30 to 34 years	7,140	3,505	3,640	8.2	8.2	8.2
35 to 39 years	7,340	3,615	3,725	8.4	8.5	8.4
40 to 44 years	6,505	3,290	3,220	7.5	7.7	7.3
45 to 49 years	5,240	2,565	2,665	6.0	6.0	6.0
50 to 54 years	4,625	2,250	2,375	5.3	5.3	5.4
55 to 59 years	5,245	2,435	2,810	6.0	5.7	6.3
60 to 64 years	5,275	2,555	2,715	6.1	6.0	6.1
65 years and over	12,680	5,590	7,100	14.6	13.1	16.0
65 to 69 years	4,335	2,035	2,300	5.0	4.8	5.2
70 to 74 years	3,100	1,465	1,635	3.6	3.4	3.7
75 to 79 years	2,020	880	1,135	2.3	2.1	2.6
80 to 84 years	1,410	575	845	1.6	1.4	1.9
85 years and over	1,815	630	1,185	2.1	1.5	2.7
85 to 89 years	1,040	380	665	1.2	0.9	1.5
90 to 94 years	585	215	370	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	170	30	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	20.2	18.4	19.2	20.2	18.4
15 to 64 years	66.2	66.7	65.6	66.2	66.7	65.6
65 years and over	14.6	13.1	16.0	14.6	13.1	16.0
85 years and over	2.1	1.5	2.7	2.1	1.5	2.7
Average age of the population	38.6	37.5	39.6	38.6	37.5	39.6
Median age of the population	37.2	36.4	38.0	37.2	36.4	38.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	35,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	22,840	...	...	65.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	745	...	...	2.1	...	...
Row house	2,550	...	...	7.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	635	...	...	1.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,895	...	...	19.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,415	...	...	4.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	5	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	35,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	9,960	...	...	28.4	...	...
2 persons	11,820	...	...	33.7	...	...
3 persons	5,400	...	...	15.4	...	...
4 persons	5,145	...	...	14.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,765	...	...	7.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	85,755	42,055	43,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	70,170	33,955	36,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	41,345	20,645	20,700	58.9	60.8	57.2
Married	34,685	17,305	17,385	49.4	51.0	48.0
Living common-law	6,660	3,335	3,320	9.5	9.8	9.2
Living common law - Never married	5,085	2,560	2,520	7.2	7.5	7.0
Living common law - Separated	190	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Living common law - Divorced	1,295	645	645	1.8	1.9	1.8
Living common law - Widowed	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	28,825	13,310	15,515	41.1	39.2	42.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	20,030	10,585	9,440	28.5	31.2	26.1
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,560	625	930	2.2	1.8	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,925	1,390	2,540	5.6	4.1	7.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,310	710	2,600	4.7	2.1	7.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,790	...	...	49.2	...	...
3 persons	5,200	...	...	21.7	...	...
4 persons	4,950	...	...	20.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,030	...	...	8.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,150	...	...	84.1	...	...
Married couples	16,820	...	...	70.2	...	...
With children⁶	9,430	...	...	39.3	...	...
Without children	7,390	...	...	30.8	...	...
Common-law couples	3,325	...	...	13.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,225	...	...	5.1	...	...
Without children	2,110	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,820	...	...	15.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,960	...	...	12.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	860	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	85,755	42,050	43,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	69,840	34,565	35,275	81.4	82.2	80.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	40,295	20,155	20,145	47.0	47.9	46.1
Parents in one-parent families	3,820	860	2,960	4.5	2.0	6.8
Children⁶	25,725	13,555	12,170	30.0	32.2	27.8
In a two-parent family	19,690	10,325	9,365	23.0	24.6	21.4
In a one-parent family	6,030	3,230	2,805	7.0	7.7	6.4
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	15,915	7,490	8,425	18.6	17.8	19.3
Living alone	9,960	4,250	5,715	11.6	10.1	13.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,180	970	1,205	2.5	2.3	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	3,775	2,265	1,510	4.4	5.4	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	35,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,545	...	...	61.4	...	...
Couple-family households	18,465	...	...	52.6	...	...
With children⁶	9,730	...	...	27.7	...	...
Without children	8,740	...	...	24.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,075	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	715	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	160	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	975	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,735	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	9,965	...	...	28.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	69,060	33,510	35,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,110	31,965	34,140	95.7	95.4	96.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	56,000	46,000	50,400	56,000	46,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	66,130	31,980	34,150	95.8	95.4	96.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,400	48,400	41,200	44,400	48,400	41,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,720	30,155	31,565	89.4	90.0	88.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	52,800	39,600	45,600	52,800	39,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	51,490	25,920	25,570	74.6	77.4	71.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	53,600	42,400	47,600	53,600	42,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,055	27,500	30,555	84.1	82.1	85.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,400	3,960	7,900	6,400	3,960	7,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,905	2,860	3,050	8.6	8.5	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	5,520	6,000	5,840	5,520	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	15,745	7,670	8,080	22.8	22.9	22.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	69,340	33,550	35,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,340	31,930	34,410	95.7	95.2	96.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,350	67,600	53,600	60,350	67,600	53,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	66,355	31,940	34,410	95.7	95.2	96.2
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,000	54,750	45,560	50,000	54,750	45,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	61,970	30,115	31,850	89.4	89.8	89.0
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,050	64,400	48,200	56,050	64,400	48,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	51,615	25,860	25,755	74.4	77.1	72.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,350	62,150	48,480	55,350	62,150	48,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,225	27,485	30,740	84.0	81.9	85.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,110	8,030	10,080	9,110	8,030	10,080
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,920	2,895	3,030	8.5	8.6	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,270	6,050	8,430	7,270	6,050	8,430
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	15,500	7,740	7,755	22.4	23.1	21.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,520	8,490	8,550	8,520	8,490	8,550
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	69,340	33,550	35,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,535	14,550	12,985	39.7	43.4	36.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	75,000	66,000	70,500	75,000	66,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,300	86,400	71,200	79,300	86,400	71,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	18,795	8,725	10,070	27.1	26.0	28.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	22,200	18,400	20,000	22,200	18,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,000	33,960	26,520	30,000	33,960	26,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.8	89.8	83.2	86.8	89.8	83.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.4	74.4	67.6	71.4	74.4	67.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.2	10.2	16.8	13.2	10.2	16.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	3.8	3.3	4.4	3.8	3.3	4.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.3	3.0	3.6	3.3	3.0	3.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	69,060	33,510	35,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,950	1,545	1,415	4.3	4.6	4.0
With total income	66,110	31,965	34,140	95.7	95.4	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,855	2,190	2,665	7.3	6.9	7.8
$10,000 to $19,999	5,510	2,350	3,160	8.3	7.4	9.3
$20,000 to $29,999	7,850	3,285	4,560	11.9	10.3	13.4
$30,000 to $39,999	7,305	3,070	4,235	11.0	9.6	12.4
$40,000 to $49,999	7,260	3,150	4,115	11.0	9.9	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	6,650	3,085	3,570	10.1	9.6	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,705	2,815	2,890	8.6	8.8	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,755	2,530	2,225	7.2	7.9	6.5
$80,000 to $89,999	3,850	1,975	1,875	5.8	6.2	5.5
$90,000 to $99,999	3,155	1,665	1,485	4.8	5.2	4.3
$100,000 and over	9,220	5,855	3,365	13.9	18.3	9.9
$100,000 to $149,999	6,635	4,020	2,615	10.0	12.6	7.7
$150,000 and over	2,585	1,835	745	3.9	5.8	2.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	69,060	33,510	35,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,930	1,535	1,400	4.2	4.6	3.9
With after-tax income	66,130	31,980	34,150	95.8	95.4	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,070	2,260	2,805	7.7	7.1	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	5,840	2,480	3,355	8.8	7.8	9.8
$20,000 to $29,999	9,095	3,870	5,220	13.8	12.1	15.3
$30,000 to $39,999	9,020	3,890	5,125	13.6	12.2	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	8,860	4,045	4,815	13.4	12.6	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	7,880	3,905	3,970	11.9	12.2	11.6
$60,000 to $69,999	6,095	3,185	2,915	9.2	10.0	8.5
$70,000 to $79,999	4,710	2,425	2,285	7.1	7.6	6.7
$80,000 to $89,999	3,070	1,655	1,410	4.6	5.2	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	2,150	1,260	890	3.3	3.9	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,345	2,995	1,355	6.6	9.4	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	2,475	1,650	825	3.7	5.2	2.4
$125,000 and over	1,875	1,345	530	2.8	4.2	1.6
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	69,060	33,510	35,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	17,570	7,590	9,980	25.4	22.6	28.1
With employment income	51,490	25,920	25,570	74.6	77.4	71.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,570	2,550	3,015	10.8	9.9	11.8
$5,000 to $9,999	3,600	1,620	1,980	7.0	6.2	7.7
$10,000 to $19,999	5,135	2,325	2,810	10.0	9.0	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,085	1,900	2,180	7.9	7.3	8.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,060	1,850	2,210	7.9	7.2	8.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,320	1,935	2,390	8.4	7.4	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	4,435	2,150	2,285	8.6	8.3	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	4,015	2,095	1,920	7.8	8.1	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	3,505	1,820	1,685	6.8	7.0	6.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,000	1,555	1,445	5.8	6.0	5.7
$90,000 to $99,999	2,555	1,365	1,190	5.0	5.3	4.7
$100,000 and over	7,215	4,755	2,460	14.0	18.3	9.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,595	2,175	1,420	7.0	8.4	5.6
$125,000 and over	3,615	2,580	1,040	7.0	9.9	4.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	69,060	33,510	35,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,505	31,125	33,375	93.4	92.9	93.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,600	56,400	44,000	49,600	56,400	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	64,535	31,130	33,405	93.4	92.9	94.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	39,200	43,200	48,800	39,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,490	29,525	30,965	87.6	88.1	87.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	54,800	40,400	46,800	54,800	40,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	50,905	25,585	25,320	73.7	76.4	71.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	55,200	42,800	48,000	55,200	42,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,480	25,815	28,670	78.9	77.0	80.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	1,620	1,040	3,680	1,620	1,040	3,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,690	2,220	2,470	6.8	6.6	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	5,320	7,450	6,120	5,320	7,450
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	69,340	33,550	35,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,735	31,055	33,675	93.4	92.6	94.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,600	66,900	50,920	58,600	66,900	50,920
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	64,735	31,055	33,680	93.4	92.6	94.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,280	53,850	43,120	48,280	53,850	43,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,805	29,440	31,370	87.7	87.7	87.7
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,650	66,000	47,880	56,650	66,000	47,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	51,015	25,515	25,505	73.6	76.1	71.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,200	64,000	48,400	56,200	64,000	48,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,685	25,760	28,920	78.9	76.8	80.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,325	5,205	7,320	6,325	5,205	7,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,855	2,280	2,575	7.0	6.8	7.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,820	6,255	9,200	7,820	6,255	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	69,340	33,550	35,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,310	14,410	12,900	39.4	43.0	36.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	66,500	73,000	61,200	66,500	73,000	61,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,600	84,200	66,100	75,600	84,200	66,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,310	7,930	9,375	25.0	23.6	26.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,800	31,000	23,800	26,800	31,000	23,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,080	42,800	32,200	37,080	42,800	32,200
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	90.8	93.6	87.6	90.8	93.6	87.6
Employment income (%)	75.6	78.6	72.0	75.6	78.6	72.0
Government transfers (%)	9.1	6.5	12.4	9.1	6.5	12.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4	1.0	0.7	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	35,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	9,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,600	...	...	45,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	35,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	9,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	61,300	...	...	61,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,040	...	...	51,040	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	134,600	...	...	134,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,500	...	...	111,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	35,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	220	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	420	...	...	1.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	815	...	...	2.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	885	...	...	2.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	850	...	...	2.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,040	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,090	...	...	3.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,100	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,365	...	...	6.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,375	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,330	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,230	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,080	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,755	...	...	47.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,485	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,600	...	...	10.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,705	...	...	13.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,965	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	35,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	395	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	180	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	230	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	450	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	915	...	...	2.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,015	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,045	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,315	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,345	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,335	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,000	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,855	...	...	8.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,710	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,580	...	...	7.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,290	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,445	...	...	38.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,880	...	...	13.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,345	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,215	...	...	14.9	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,690	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	147,000	...	...	147,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,000	...	...	74,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	13,740	6,515	7,220	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,400	46,400	46,400	46,400	46,400	46,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,200	40,800	41,200	41,200	40,800	41,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	135,800	...	...	135,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,100	...	...	112,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,100	...	...	105,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	161,000	...	...	161,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	84,300	...	...	84,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,700	...	...	73,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	13,715	6,440	7,275	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,350	54,250	54,400	54,350	54,250	54,400
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,680	45,000	46,320	45,680	45,000	46,320
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	85,755	42,050	43,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,510	10,005	9,510	22.8	23.8	21.8
0 to 5 years	6,430	3,225	3,205	7.5	7.7	7.3
18 to 64 years	54,405	26,740	27,665	63.4	63.6	63.3
65 years and over	11,835	5,305	6,525	13.8	12.6	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,275	3,435	3,840	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,090	1,065	1,025	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	750	360	385	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,305	2,080	2,225	...	...	...
65 years and over	880	295	585	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	8.2	8.8	8.5	8.2	8.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.7	10.6	10.8	10.7	10.6	10.8
0 to 5 years (%)	11.7	11.2	12.1	11.7	11.2	12.1
18 to 64 years (%)	7.9	7.8	8.0	7.9	7.8	8.0
65 years and over (%)	7.5	5.5	9.0	7.5	5.5	9.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	85,755	42,055	43,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	19,510	10,005	9,510	22.8	23.8	21.8
0 to 5 years	6,430	3,225	3,205	7.5	7.7	7.3
18 to 64 years	54,405	26,740	27,665	63.4	63.6	63.3
65 years and over	11,835	5,305	6,525	13.8	12.6	14.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,490	1,865	1,625	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	785	395	390	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	270	130	140	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,590	1,425	1,170	...	...	...
65 years and over	115	50	70	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.4	3.7	4.1	4.4	3.7
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	3.9	4.1	4.0	3.9	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	4.2	4.1	4.4	4.2	4.1	4.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.3	4.2	4.8	5.3	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.0	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.9	1.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	85,755	42,055	43,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	35,620	17,035	18,580	41.5	40.5	42.5
In bottom decile	6,850	3,410	3,440	8.0	8.1	7.9
In second decile	6,410	2,910	3,495	7.5	6.9	8.0
In third decile	7,095	3,375	3,725	8.3	8.0	8.5
In fourth decile	7,305	3,450	3,855	8.5	8.2	8.8
In fifth decile	7,960	3,900	4,070	9.3	9.3	9.3
In top half of the distribution	50,135	25,015	25,120	58.5	59.5	57.5
In sixth decile	8,925	4,330	4,590	10.4	10.3	10.5
In seventh decile	9,665	4,765	4,900	11.3	11.3	11.2
In eighth decile	10,670	5,320	5,355	12.4	12.7	12.3
In ninth decile	11,120	5,605	5,520	13.0	13.3	12.6
In top decile	9,755	4,995	4,760	11.4	11.9	10.9
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	85,755	...	...	85,755	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.309	...	...	0.309	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.389	...	...	0.389	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.273	...	...	0.273	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	85,930	42,125	43,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	79,180	39,075	40,105	92.1	92.8	91.5
French only	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	5,820	2,620	3,195	6.8	6.2	7.3
Neither English nor French	865	400	465	1.0	0.9	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	85,930	42,125	43,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	84,015	41,225	42,790	97.8	97.9	97.7
French	885	420	465	1.0	1.0	1.1
English and French	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	825	380	450	1.0	0.9	1.0
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	85,930	42,125	43,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	82,710	40,555	42,160	96.3	96.3	96.2
Official languages	67,945	33,125	34,820	79.1	78.6	79.5
English	67,065	32,715	34,350	78.0	77.7	78.4
French	880	410	465	1.0	1.0	1.1
Non-official languages	14,770	7,425	7,340	17.2	17.6	16.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	14,680	7,395	7,285	17.1	17.6	16.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	825	420	400	1.0	1.0	0.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	130	60	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bilen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	115	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	695	365	330	0.8	0.9	0.8
Amharic	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Arabic	515	275	235	0.6	0.7	0.5
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	130	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	375	180	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	360	170	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,715	1,290	1,425	3.2	3.1	3.3
Bikol	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	150	80	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	175	75	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,170	1,030	1,135	2.5	2.4	2.6
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	450	240	205	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kannada	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	260	135	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,060	4,155	3,900	9.4	9.9	8.9
Albanian	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	930	445	490	1.1	1.1	1.1
Baltic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	910	430	475	1.1	1.0	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	325	160	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	90	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	345	155	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	625	280	350	0.7	0.7	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	455	205	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
German	455	205	250	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	305	145	155	0.4	0.3	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	5,445	2,915	2,525	6.3	6.9	5.8
Indo-Aryan languages	5,215	2,800	2,415	6.1	6.6	5.5
Assamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	380	195	180	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	1,645	905	735	1.9	2.1	1.7
Hindi	470	265	210	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,740	920	825	2.0	2.2	1.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	810	430	380	0.9	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	115	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	670	335	335	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	120	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	435	225	210	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	415	220	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,360	675	690	1.6	1.6	1.6
Chinese languages	1,235	605	625	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	855	435	420	1.0	1.0	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	325	140	180	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	130	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	90	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,220	1,570	1,650	3.7	3.7	3.8
English and French	330	170	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,570	1,255	1,310	3.0	3.0	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	240	105	135	0.3	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	85,930	42,125	43,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	68,145	33,205	34,945	79.3	78.8	79.8
French	230	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	3,845	1,940	1,910	4.5	4.6	4.4
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,845	1,940	1,910	4.5	4.6	4.4
English and French	905	415	490	1.1	1.0	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	11,915	6,020	5,890	13.9	14.3	13.4
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	340	160	180	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	515	255	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	85,930	42,125	43,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	82,515	40,385	42,135	96.0	95.9	96.2
Official languages	73,150	35,610	37,540	85.1	84.5	85.7
English	72,795	35,445	37,350	84.7	84.1	85.3
French	355	165	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	9,370	4,775	4,590	10.9	11.3	10.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,350	4,770	4,580	10.9	11.3	10.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	510	250	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	450	225	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	335	165	170	0.4	0.4	0.4
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	125	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	265	125	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,790	860	930	2.1	2.0	2.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,510	725	785	1.8	1.7	1.8
Waray-Waray	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	285	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	185	95	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,055	2,655	2,395	5.9	6.3	5.5
Albanian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	375	190	185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	365	185	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	200	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	150	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	4,150	2,220	1,930	4.8	5.3	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages	3,995	2,145	1,850	4.6	5.1	4.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	275	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	1,285	700	585	1.5	1.7	1.3
Hindi	385	220	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,400	750	645	1.6	1.8	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	565	290	275	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	285	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	210	100	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	150	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	955	480	470	1.1	1.1	1.1
Chinese languages	850	430	425	1.0	1.0	1.0
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	650	340	310	0.8	0.8	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,420	1,740	1,680	4.0	4.1	3.8
English and French	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	3,180	1,625	1,555	3.7	3.9	3.5
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	85,930	42,125	43,810	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	74,780	36,545	38,235	87.0	86.8	87.3
English	4,005	2,030	1,975	4.7	4.8	4.5
French	770	360	410	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official language	4,395	2,165	2,230	5.1	5.1	5.1
Indigenous³⁹	95	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	4,305	2,130	2,170	5.0	5.1	5.0
English and French	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,130	610	520	1.3	1.4	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	170	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	650	325	320	0.8	0.8	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	85,910	42,055	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	85,045	41,650	43,390	99.0	99.0	98.9
English	84,970	41,615	43,350	98.9	99.0	98.8
French	5,830	2,655	3,175	6.8	6.3	7.2
Non-official languages	20,590	10,435	10,160	24.0	24.8	23.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	220	110	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	20,390	10,330	10,050	23.7	24.6	22.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,215	615	600	1.4	1.5	1.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	245	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	215	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	985	515	470	1.1	1.2	1.1
Amharic	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	705	380	320	0.8	0.9	0.7
Aramaic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	155	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	485	250	240	0.6	0.6	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	460	230	225	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,065	1,915	2,150	4.7	4.6	4.9
Bikol	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	280	130	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	495	235	265	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,920	1,840	2,090	4.6	4.4	4.8
Waray-Waray	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	165	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Creole languages	135	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	670	375	300	0.8	0.9	0.7
Kannada	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	385	210	175	0.4	0.5	0.4
Tamil	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
Telugu	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10,985	5,740	5,240	12.8	13.6	11.9
Albanian	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,195	575	620	1.4	1.4	1.4
Baltic languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,180	565	615	1.4	1.3	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	585	290	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	130	65	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	555	255	295	0.6	0.6	0.7
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	840	435	405	1.0	1.0	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	575	310	260	0.7	0.7	0.6
German	575	310	260	0.7	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	475	245	230	0.6	0.6	0.5
Indo-Iranian languages	7,175	3,845	3,330	8.4	9.1	7.6
Indo-Aryan languages	6,995	3,730	3,265	8.1	8.9	7.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	575	300	270	0.7	0.7	0.6
Gujarati	2,010	1,085	930	2.3	2.6	2.1
Hindi	3,675	1,970	1,705	4.3	4.7	3.9
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,625	1,385	1,240	3.1	3.3	2.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,180	610	570	1.4	1.5	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	220	130	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	175	110	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	65	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	115	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,430	715	720	1.7	1.7	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	90	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	105	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	85	60	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,080	535	540	1.3	1.3	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	275	150	130	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,005	535	465	1.2	1.3	1.1
Akan (Twi)	85	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ganda	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lingala	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	435	220	215	0.5	0.5	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	130	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	40	40	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,650	805	840	1.9	1.9	1.9
Chinese languages	1,420	690	725	1.7	1.6	1.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,080	530	550	1.3	1.3	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	445	210	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burmese	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	165	85	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	155	85	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	85,910	42,055	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	7,190	3,365	3,830	8.4	8.0	8.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	7,000	3,255	3,745	8.1	7.7	8.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,685	1,740	1,945	4.3	4.1	4.4
Métis	3,230	1,495	1,740	3.8	3.6	4.0
Inuk (Inuit)	85	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	78,715	38,690	40,030	91.6	92.0	91.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	85,910	42,055	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,280	1,550	1,730	3.8	3.7	3.9
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	82,630	40,505	42,130	96.2	96.3	96.1
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	24,465	...	...	69.6	...	...
Renter	10,675	...	...	30.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	5,515	...	...	15.7	...	...
Not condominium	29,620	...	...	84.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	145	...	...	0.4	...	...
1 bedroom	3,855	...	...	11.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	8,860	...	...	25.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,615	...	...	33.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	10,665	...	...	30.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,010	...	...	28.5	...	...
5 rooms	4,970	...	...	14.1	...	...
6 rooms	4,675	...	...	13.3	...	...
7 rooms	4,710	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	10,775	...	...	30.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	33,965	...	...	96.7	...	...
More than one person per room	1,175	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	33,100	...	...	94.2	...	...
Not suitable	2,040	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	6,580	...	...	18.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	10,590	...	...	30.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,220	...	...	12.0	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,015	...	...	5.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,325	...	...	3.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,415	...	...	6.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,890	...	...	13.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	3,105	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	33,040	...	...	94.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,100	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	16,860	...	...	48.0	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,810	...	...	47.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,470	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	35,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,400	...	...	4.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	6,170	...	...	17.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,690	...	...	21.9	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,805	...	...	16.5	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,145	...	...	17.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,650	...	...	13.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,285	...	...	6.5	...	...
85 years and over	1,000	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	34,965	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	28,490	...	...	81.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	6,475	...	...	18.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,845	...	...	16.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	35,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,765	...	...	27.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,745	...	...	16.4	...	...
Not suitable only	1,585	...	...	4.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,615	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	340	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	365	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	95	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	25,375	...	...	72.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	34,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,715	...	...	7.9	...	...
Not in core need	31,625	...	...	92.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	24,455	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	65.1	...	...	65.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,530	...	...	1,530	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,550	...	...	1,550	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	380,800	...	...	380,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,675	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.0	...	...	37.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	20.1	...	...	20.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,220	...	...	1,220	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,288	...	...	1,288	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	85,910	42,055	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,025	1,400	1,625	3.5	3.3	3.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,875	1,325	1,545	3.3	3.2	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,215	1,055	1,165	2.6	2.5	2.7
Métis single ancestry	625	270	360	0.7	0.6	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	135	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,620	2,250	2,370	5.4	5.4	5.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,375	2,135	2,240	5.1	5.1	5.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,195	1,080	1,115	2.6	2.6	2.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,150	1,050	1,105	2.5	2.5	2.5
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	225	105	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	78,265	38,405	39,860	91.1	91.3	90.9
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	85,910	42,055	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	75,500	36,685	38,815	87.9	87.2	88.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,760	9,085	8,680	20.7	21.6	19.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	57,735	27,600	30,135	67.2	65.6	68.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	10,410	5,370	5,040	12.1	12.8	11.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	85,910	42,055	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	66,960	32,375	34,580	77.9	77.0	78.9
Immigrants⁸¹	16,410	8,210	8,195	19.1	19.5	18.7
Before 1980	1,360	645	720	1.6	1.5	1.6
1980 to 1990	600	325	275	0.7	0.8	0.6
1991 to 2000	1,145	550	600	1.3	1.3	1.4
2001 to 2010	3,445	1,680	1,765	4.0	4.0	4.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	9,860	5,020	4,840	11.5	11.9	11.0
2011 to 2015	4,260	2,205	2,055	5.0	5.2	4.7
2016 to 2021	5,600	2,815	2,785	6.5	6.7	6.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,545	1,465	1,080	3.0	3.5	2.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,410	8,215	8,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,470	830	640	9.0	10.1	7.8
5 to 14 years	2,780	1,510	1,265	16.9	18.4	15.4
15 to 24 years	2,585	1,200	1,390	15.8	14.6	17.0
25 to 44 years	8,260	4,025	4,235	50.3	49.0	51.7
45 years and over	1,310	650	665	8.0	7.9	8.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,410	8,215	8,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,220	580	640	7.4	7.1	7.8
Brazil	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Colombia	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
El Salvador	75	40	35	0.5	0.5	0.4
Guyana	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	270	130	140	1.6	1.6	1.7
Mexico	85	50	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Peru	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
United States of America	470	185	280	2.9	2.3	3.4
Other places of birth in Americas	130	80	45	0.8	1.0	0.5
Europe	2,105	1,065	1,035	12.8	13.0	12.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Croatia	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germany	120	55	65	0.7	0.7	0.8
Greece	195	110	85	1.2	1.3	1.0
Hungary	55	30	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italy	90	35	60	0.5	0.4	0.7
Netherlands	85	60	35	0.5	0.7	0.4
Poland	50	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	65	40	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Russian Federation	65	15	45	0.4	0.2	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	325	170	160	2.0	2.1	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	585	310	275	3.6	3.8	3.4
Other places of birth in Europe	310	165	150	1.9	2.0	1.8
Africa	2,015	1,060	955	12.3	12.9	11.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egypt	145	90	65	0.9	1.1	0.8
Eritrea	110	65	45	0.7	0.8	0.5
Ethiopia	85	20	60	0.5	0.2	0.7
Morocco	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	825	430	395	5.0	5.2	4.8
Somalia	120	50	70	0.7	0.6	0.9
South Africa, Republic of	110	60	50	0.7	0.7	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	545	315	235	3.3	3.8	2.9
Asia	11,010	5,475	5,535	67.1	66.6	67.5
Afghanistan	55	30	30	0.3	0.4	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	70	45	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iraq	60	25	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	145	70	75	0.9	0.9	0.9
Turkey	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	745	320	425	4.5	3.9	5.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	95	45	50	0.6	0.5	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	140	75	70	0.9	0.9	0.9
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	3,945	1,875	2,070	24.0	22.8	25.3
Viet Nam	290	130	160	1.8	1.6	2.0
Bangladesh	345	180	165	2.1	2.2	2.0
India	3,625	1,885	1,730	22.1	22.9	21.1
Pakistan	745	390	355	4.5	4.7	4.3
Sri Lanka	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	685	360	320	4.2	4.4	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	55	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	5,595	2,815	2,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	230	110	120	4.1	3.9	4.3
Brazil	20	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	35	25	1.1	1.2	0.9
Mexico	25	0	20	0.4	0.0	0.7
United States of America	90	45	50	1.6	1.6	1.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Europe	285	170	120	5.1	6.0	4.3
France	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Ukraine	60	25	35	1.1	0.9	1.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	80	50	25	1.4	1.8	0.9
Other places of birth in Europe	110	75	35	2.0	2.7	1.3
Africa	765	420	350	13.7	14.9	12.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	90	55	40	1.6	2.0	1.4
Eritrea	35	20	10	0.6	0.7	0.4
Ethiopia	35	10	25	0.6	0.4	0.9
Morocco	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Nigeria	455	250	205	8.1	8.9	7.4
Somalia	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	0	0.4	0.4	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	95	50	45	1.7	1.8	1.6
Asia	4,310	2,115	2,195	77.0	75.1	78.8
Afghanistan	25	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bangladesh	175	95	85	3.1	3.4	3.1
China⁹⁰	330	145	180	5.9	5.2	6.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
India	2,095	1,080	1,015	37.4	38.4	36.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	20	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.4
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Jordan	20	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	305	155	145	5.5	5.5	5.2
Philippines	865	390	475	15.5	13.9	17.1
Saudi Arabia	30	20	15	0.5	0.7	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	135	60	70	2.4	2.1	2.5
Turkey	25	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
United Arab Emirates	45	15	30	0.8	0.5	1.1
Viet Nam	85	35	50	1.5	1.2	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	100	45	55	1.8	1.6	2.0
Oceania and other⁹³	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Australia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	85,910	42,055	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,455	9,905	9,550	22.6	23.6	21.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	11,305	5,330	5,970	13.2	12.7	13.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	55,155	26,820	28,335	64.2	63.8	64.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	15,045	7,570	7,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	10,815	5,570	5,250	71.9	73.6	70.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	4,590	2,810	1,775	30.5	37.1	23.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	6,225	2,755	3,470	41.4	36.4	46.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,865	1,275	1,590	19.0	16.8	21.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,345	710	630	8.9	9.4	8.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	15,045	7,570	7,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	135	80	55	0.9	1.1	0.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,735	880	850	11.5	11.6	11.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	485	275	210	3.2	3.6	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,600	985	615	10.6	13.0	8.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	80	50	30	0.5	0.7	0.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	11,015	5,305	5,715	73.2	70.1	76.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	85,910	42,055	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	21,245	10,820	10,425	24.7	25.7	23.8
South Asian	8,170	4,350	3,820	9.5	10.3	8.7
Chinese	1,690	815	875	2.0	1.9	2.0
Black	3,340	1,715	1,625	3.9	4.1	3.7
Filipino	4,860	2,300	2,555	5.7	5.5	5.8
Arab	530	290	235	0.6	0.7	0.5
Latin American	520	270	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	980	520	465	1.1	1.2	1.1
West Asian	250	145	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Korean	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	465	225	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	64,665	31,235	33,435	75.3	74.3	76.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	85,910	42,050	43,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,250	3,655	3,595	8.4	8.7	8.2
English	17,385	8,400	8,985	20.2	20.0	20.5
Irish	12,595	6,020	6,575	14.7	14.3	15.0
Scottish	14,355	6,830	7,525	16.7	16.2	17.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	7,980	3,745	4,235	9.3	8.9	9.7
German	22,320	10,735	11,585	26.0	25.5	26.4
Chinese	1,895	905	990	2.2	2.2	2.3
Italian	1,270	635	635	1.5	1.5	1.4
Indian (India)	4,500	2,410	2,085	5.2	5.7	4.8
Ukrainian	10,365	5,045	5,320	12.1	12.0	12.1
Dutch	2,075	975	1,105	2.4	2.3	2.5
Polish	4,820	2,245	2,575	5.6	5.3	5.9
Québécois	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,220	1,075	1,140	2.6	2.6	2.6
Filipino	4,500	2,135	2,365	5.2	5.1	5.4
French Canadian	375	225	150	0.4	0.5	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,090	525	565	1.3	1.2	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,145	1,050	1,095	2.5	2.5	2.5
Métis	3,155	1,485	1,670	3.7	3.5	3.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	820	410	410	1.0	1.0	0.9
Russian	2,345	1,065	1,275	2.7	2.5	2.9
Norwegian	4,025	1,820	2,205	4.7	4.3	5.0
Welsh	1,635	800	835	1.9	1.9	1.9
Portuguese	175	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	880	420	465	1.0	1.0	1.1
Spanish	615	265	350	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	2,180	950	1,230	2.5	2.3	2.8
Hungarian	3,180	1,550	1,635	3.7	3.7	3.7
Acadian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	855	455	395	1.0	1.1	0.9
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	640	340	295	0.7	0.8	0.7
Jewish	245	130	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	915	485	425	1.1	1.2	1.0
Vietnamese	465	230	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	220	120	95	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	710	375	335	0.8	0.9	0.8
Jamaican	395	180	210	0.5	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	670	305	360	0.8	0.7	0.8
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,190	565	625	1.4	1.3	1.4
Korean	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	2,100	1,070	1,035	2.4	2.5	2.4
Lebanese	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	115	70	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	130	85	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	870	415	455	1.0	1.0	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	650	295	355	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sikh	530	315	215	0.6	0.7	0.5
Austrian	2,260	1,070	1,195	2.6	2.5	2.7
Belgian	650	345	305	0.8	0.8	0.7
Haitian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	650	330	315	0.8	0.8	0.7
Mexican	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	350	195	160	0.4	0.5	0.4
Swiss	365	170	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	275	115	160	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Croatian	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	175	90	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	595	345	250	0.7	0.8	0.6
Muslim	225	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	185	105	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	495	200	295	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	450	215	235	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Guyanese	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	55	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	145	65	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	160	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	45	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	100	30	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	410	230	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	445	225	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Armenian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	210	125	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Somali	245	100	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwanese	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	85	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	115	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	95	70	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	435	235	200	0.5	0.6	0.5
Cambodian (Khmer)	35	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	315	160	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eritrean	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	145	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
African American	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	130	50	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	135	90	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	195	105	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Thai	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	220	95	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Byelorussian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	495	230	265	0.6	0.5	0.6
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	405	200	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	45	35	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	50	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	205	110	90	0.2	0.3	0.2
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	85,910	42,050	43,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	545	265	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Christian	46,225	21,300	24,925	53.8	50.7	56.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,205	3,015	3,195	7.2	7.2	7.3
Anabaptist	230	120	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	1,985	835	1,150	2.3	2.0	2.6
Baptist	1,055	510	550	1.2	1.2	1.3
Catholic	21,685	10,175	11,510	25.2	24.2	26.2
Christian Orthodox	1,595	770	825	1.9	1.8	1.9
Jehovah's Witness	230	105	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Latter Day Saints	240	115	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	4,235	1,845	2,390	4.9	4.4	5.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	180	80	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	995	480	510	1.2	1.1	1.2
Presbyterian	345	150	190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	5,400	2,305	3,095	6.3	5.5	7.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,795	780	1,020	2.1	1.9	2.3
Hindu	3,230	1,745	1,485	3.8	4.1	3.4
Jewish	110	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	3,085	1,590	1,490	3.6	3.8	3.4
Sikh	2,090	1,085	1,005	2.4	2.6	2.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	215	75	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	530	225	305	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	29,870	15,695	14,170	34.8	37.3	32.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	84,930	41,575	43,350	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	73,185	35,815	37,370	86.2	86.1	86.2
Movers	11,745	5,760	5,980	13.8	13.9	13.8
Non-migrants	8,780	4,300	4,485	10.3	10.3	10.3
Migrants	2,960	1,460	1,500	3.5	3.5	3.5
Internal migrants	1,860	865	995	2.2	2.1	2.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,010	430	580	1.2	1.0	1.3
Interprovincial migrants	855	435	420	1.0	1.0	1.0
External migrants	1,100	595	500	1.3	1.4	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	80,660	39,405	41,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	47,820	23,330	24,495	59.3	59.2	59.4
Movers	32,840	16,070	16,770	40.7	40.8	40.6
Non-migrants	19,625	9,525	10,105	24.3	24.2	24.5
Migrants	13,215	6,550	6,665	16.4	16.6	16.2
Internal migrants	7,255	3,495	3,760	9.0	8.9	9.1
Intraprovincial migrants	4,655	2,225	2,435	5.8	5.6	5.9
Interprovincial migrants	2,595	1,265	1,330	3.2	3.2	3.2
External migrants	5,965	3,060	2,905	7.4	7.8	7.0
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,335	33,545	35,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,555	4,640	3,915	12.3	13.8	10.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	60,780	28,905	31,870	87.7	86.2	89.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,130	23,015	24,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	3,000	1,800	1,195	6.4	7.8	5.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	44,130	21,210	22,925	93.6	92.2	95.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,340	33,550	35,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	7,715	4,060	3,660	11.1	12.1	10.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,605	10,215	10,390	29.7	30.4	29.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	41,015	19,275	21,740	59.2	57.5	60.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	19,195	9,485	9,705	27.7	28.3	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,675	4,160	1,510	8.2	12.4	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,250	1,245	1,010	3.2	3.7	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,425	2,920	500	4.9	8.7	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,440	4,135	6,315	15.1	12.3	17.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,075	1,190	1,885	4.4	3.5	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,825	9,785	12,035	31.5	29.2	33.6
Bachelor's degree	15,240	6,675	8,565	22.0	19.9	23.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,060	480	575	1.5	1.4	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	500	235	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	4,490	2,075	2,415	6.5	6.2	6.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	535	320	220	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,130	23,015	24,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,555	1,485	1,070	5.4	6.5	4.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,075	6,235	5,840	25.6	27.1	24.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	32,505	15,290	17,215	69.0	66.4	71.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	14,290	7,255	7,035	30.3	31.5	29.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,410	3,270	1,135	9.4	14.2	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,730	1,000	730	3.7	4.3	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,675	2,280	400	5.7	9.9	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,830	3,195	4,640	16.6	13.9	19.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,050	785	1,260	4.3	3.4	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	18,210	8,040	10,175	38.6	34.9	42.2
Bachelor's degree	12,580	5,450	7,125	26.7	23.7	29.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	855	380	475	1.8	1.7	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	435	195	245	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	3,935	1,780	2,155	8.3	7.7	8.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	400	235	170	0.8	1.0	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,340	33,550	35,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,320	14,275	14,050	40.8	42.5	39.3
Education	3,290	780	2,510	4.7	2.3	7.0
13. Education	3,290	780	2,510	4.7	2.3	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,035	435	595	1.5	1.3	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	125	85	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	910	355	555	1.3	1.1	1.6
Humanities	1,885	730	1,155	2.7	2.2	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	155	50	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	450	140	315	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	540	170	370	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	245	140	105	0.4	0.4	0.3
54. History	275	150	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,885	1,465	2,420	5.6	4.4	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	425	170	250	0.6	0.5	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	510	55	455	0.7	0.2	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	620	275	350	0.9	0.8	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	845	240	605	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,320	660	660	1.9	2.0	1.8
Business, management and public administration	10,275	4,060	6,210	14.8	12.1	17.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	970	230	740	1.4	0.7	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	9,300	3,830	5,470	13.4	11.4	15.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,385	680	705	2.0	2.0	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	535	235	295	0.8	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	285	125	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	430	275	155	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,185	1,435	750	3.2	4.3	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,860	1,305	555	2.7	3.9	1.6
25. Library science	105	15	90	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	180	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	40	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,755	7,065	695	11.2	21.1	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	180	125	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	2,130	1,735	395	3.1	5.2	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,530	1,360	165	2.2	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,055	2,010	50	3.0	6.0	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,145	1,145	0	1.7	3.4	0.0
48. Precision production	720	685	30	1.0	2.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	650	405	245	0.9	1.2	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	450	265	190	0.6	0.8	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	200	145	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	6,735	1,370	5,370	9.7	4.1	15.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	515	260	255	0.7	0.8	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,055	1,035	5,025	8.7	3.1	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	150	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,930	845	1,085	2.8	2.5	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,130	230	895	1.6	0.7	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	550	370	180	0.8	1.1	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	250	240	10	0.4	0.7	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,130	23,015	24,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	14,625	7,725	6,905	31.0	33.6	28.6
Education	2,345	520	1,820	5.0	2.3	7.5
13. Education	2,345	520	1,820	5.0	2.3	7.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	815	350	465	1.7	1.5	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	60	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	735	285	440	1.6	1.2	1.8
Humanities	1,390	535	855	2.9	2.3	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	125	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	345	110	235	0.7	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	425	130	295	0.9	0.6	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	110	50	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	150	90	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	195	100	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,185	1,175	2,010	6.8	5.1	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	10	65	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	355	165	190	0.8	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	405	55	350	0.9	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	530	215	315	1.1	0.9	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	640	150	490	1.4	0.7	2.0
45. Social sciences	1,130	550	580	2.4	2.4	2.4
Business, management and public administration	8,360	3,275	5,085	17.7	14.2	21.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	775	175	600	1.6	0.8	2.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	7,580	3,105	4,475	16.1	13.5	18.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,105	535	570	2.3	2.3	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	440	180	255	0.9	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	215	85	130	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	355	230	125	0.8	1.0	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,825	1,195	625	3.9	5.2	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,605	1,125	480	3.4	4.9	2.0
25. Library science	85	10	75	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,200	5,590	610	13.2	24.3	2.5
04. Architecture and related services	135	85	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	1,825	1,470	355	3.9	6.4	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,210	1,070	140	2.6	4.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,545	1,510	35	3.3	6.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	945	945	0	2.0	4.1	0.0
48. Precision production	545	515	30	1.2	2.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	525	300	225	1.1	1.3	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	360	185	170	0.8	0.8	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	115	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	5,150	1,125	4,025	10.9	4.9	16.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	380	225	155	0.8	1.0	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,635	845	3,790	9.8	3.7	15.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	45	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,615	700	910	3.4	3.0	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	955	215	745	2.0	0.9	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	435	275	160	0.9	1.2	0.7
49. Transportation and materials moving	220	210	10	0.5	0.9	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	47,130	23,015	24,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,625	7,725	6,905	31.0	33.6	28.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	32,500	15,295	17,210	69.0	66.5	71.4
Location of study inside Canada	25,315	11,825	13,490	53.7	51.4	55.9
Same as province or territory of residence	20,700	9,525	11,175	43.9	41.4	46.3
Different than province or territory of residence	4,610	2,295	2,310	9.8	10.0	9.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	7,195	3,470	3,720	15.3	15.1	15.4
Americas	770	360	410	1.6	1.6	1.7
United States of America	565	285	280	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mexico	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	60	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Brazil	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Europe	685	390	295	1.5	1.7	1.2
Belgium	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	210	140	70	0.4	0.6	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	470	220	250	1.0	1.0	1.0
Nigeria	280	120	160	0.6	0.5	0.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	5,190	2,445	2,745	11.0	10.6	11.4
Iran⁸⁸	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iraq	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	290	125	165	0.6	0.5	0.7
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	65	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	1,870	830	1,045	4.0	3.6	4.3
Viet Nam	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	155	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Sri Lanka	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	2,150	1,060	1,095	4.6	4.6	4.5
Pakistan	295	140	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other locations of study in Asia	130	80	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Oceania	75	55	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	75	55	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	69,340	33,550	35,785	...	...	...
In the labour force	48,425	24,745	23,680	...	...	...
Employed	44,180	22,435	21,750	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,240	2,310	1,935	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	20,910	8,805	12,110	...	...	...
Participation rate	69.8	73.8	66.2	69.8	73.8	66.2
Employment rate	63.7	66.9	60.8	63.7	66.9	60.8
Unemployment rate	8.8	9.3	8.2	8.8	9.3	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	69,340	33,550	35,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	21,185	9,250	11,935	30.6	27.6	33.3
Worked	48,150	24,300	23,850	69.4	72.4	66.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,230	14,965	13,265	40.7	44.6	37.1
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	19,925	9,330	10,590	28.7	27.8	29.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.7	43.3	42.1	42.7	43.3	42.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,425	24,745	23,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	610	480	2.3	2.5	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,335	24,135	23,200	97.7	97.5	98.0
Employee	42,255	21,155	21,095	87.3	85.5	89.1
Permanent position	35,525	18,105	17,425	73.4	73.2	73.6
Temporary position	6,725	3,050	3,675	13.9	12.3	15.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,130	845	1,285	4.4	3.4	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,595	2,205	2,390	9.5	8.9	10.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,080	2,975	2,100	10.5	12.0	8.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,425	24,745	23,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	610	480	2.3	2.5	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,335	24,135	23,200	97.7	97.5	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	540	380	160	1.1	1.5	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	9,205	2,880	6,320	19.0	11.6	26.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,860	3,000	860	8.0	12.1	3.6
3 Health occupations	4,735	940	3,795	9.8	3.8	16.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,845	2,465	4,380	14.1	10.0	18.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,230	525	705	2.5	2.1	3.0
6 Sales and service occupations	11,695	5,570	6,125	24.2	22.5	25.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	7,350	6,805	545	15.2	27.5	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	755	575	180	1.6	2.3	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,110	990	125	2.3	4.0	0.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,425	24,745	23,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,090	610	480	2.3	2.5	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	47,335	24,135	23,200	97.7	97.5	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	495	340	155	1.0	1.4	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	475	395	80	1.0	1.6	0.3
22 Utilities	845	530	315	1.7	2.1	1.3
23 Construction	3,210	2,835	375	6.6	11.5	1.6
31-33 Manufacturing	1,940	1,650	290	4.0	6.7	1.2
41 Wholesale trade	1,680	1,315	365	3.5	5.3	1.5
44-45 Retail trade	5,435	2,910	2,525	11.2	11.8	10.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,800	1,470	330	3.7	5.9	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	1,235	705	535	2.6	2.8	2.3
52 Finance and insurance	3,025	1,170	1,855	6.2	4.7	7.8
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	850	460	385	1.8	1.9	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,820	1,660	1,160	5.8	6.7	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,545	900	640	3.2	3.6	2.7
61 Educational services	3,550	1,180	2,375	7.3	4.8	10.0
62 Health care and social assistance	7,415	1,415	6,000	15.3	5.7	25.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	900	460	445	1.9	1.9	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	2,615	1,305	1,310	5.4	5.3	5.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,190	1,015	1,175	4.5	4.1	5.0
91 Public administration	5,215	2,375	2,835	10.8	9.6	12.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,155	25,860	25,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	49,255	24,990	24,265	96.3	96.6	95.9
French	185	65	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	165	85	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	560	175	390	1.1	0.7	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	950	520	430	1.9	2.0	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,155	25,860	25,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	50,865	25,715	25,150	99.4	99.4	99.4
Official languages	50,590	25,565	25,025	98.9	98.9	98.9
English	50,245	25,460	24,780	98.2	98.5	97.9
French	350	105	245	0.7	0.4	1.0
Non-official languages	270	145	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	270	145	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	115	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese languages	105	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	90	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	295	145	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	245	130	110	0.5	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,155	25,860	25,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	49,835	25,245	24,590	97.4	97.6	97.2
English	260	95	165	0.5	0.4	0.7
French	355	120	235	0.7	0.5	0.9
Non-official language	530	305	225	1.0	1.2	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	515	295	220	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,185	22,440	21,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	9,760	4,320	5,440	22.1	19.3	25.0
Worked outside Canada	95	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	4,530	3,495	1,040	10.3	15.6	4.8
Usual place of work	29,800	14,555	15,240	67.4	64.9	70.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	29,800	14,555	15,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	27,260	12,775	14,480	91.5	87.8	95.0
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,885	1,380	505	6.3	9.5	3.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	490	280	205	1.6	1.9	1.3
Commute to a different province or territory	165	115	50	0.6	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	34,330	18,050	16,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	31,120	16,800	14,325	90.6	93.1	88.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	28,990	16,200	12,785	84.4	89.8	78.5
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,140	600	1,540	6.2	3.3	9.5
Public transit	1,245	440	810	3.6	2.4	5.0
Walked	1,140	425	715	3.3	2.4	4.4
Bicycle	195	130	70	0.6	0.7	0.4
Other method	620	255	365	1.8	1.4	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	34,330	18,050	16,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	12,560	5,845	6,715	36.6	32.4	41.2
15 to 29 minutes	18,035	9,990	8,050	52.5	55.3	49.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,300	1,360	940	6.7	7.5	5.8
45 to 59 minutes	760	445	315	2.2	2.5	1.9
60 minutes and over	680	410	270	2.0	2.3	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	34,330	18,050	16,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,525	1,110	415	4.4	6.1	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,760	3,510	2,250	16.8	19.4	13.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	11,425	5,880	5,540	33.3	32.6	34.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,715	3,095	3,620	19.6	17.1	22.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,610	1,550	2,060	10.5	8.6	12.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,300	2,910	2,390	15.4	16.1	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	19,825	10,180	9,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,545	820	725	7.8	8.1	7.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	18,275	9,355	8,915	92.2	91.9	92.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	14,145	7,325	6,815	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,215	665	560	8.6	9.1	8.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	860	445	415	6.1	6.1	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	360	220	140	2.5	3.0	2.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,925	6,665	6,260	91.4	91.0	91.9

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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