Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MalpequeMore information: Prince Edward Island [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	38,535	19,075	19,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,285	3,230	3,055	16.3	16.9	15.7
0 to 4 years	1,765	895	870	4.6	4.7	4.5
5 to 9 years	2,155	1,100	1,050	5.6	5.8	5.4
10 to 14 years	2,365	1,235	1,130	6.1	6.5	5.8
15 to 64 years	24,670	12,160	12,510	64.0	63.7	64.3
15 to 19 years	2,175	1,115	1,060	5.6	5.8	5.4
20 to 24 years	2,080	1,055	1,030	5.4	5.5	5.3
25 to 29 years	2,040	1,050	990	5.3	5.5	5.1
30 to 34 years	2,190	1,045	1,145	5.7	5.5	5.9
35 to 39 years	2,280	1,110	1,170	5.9	5.8	6.0
40 to 44 years	2,400	1,140	1,260	6.2	6.0	6.5
45 to 49 years	2,445	1,220	1,225	6.3	6.4	6.3
50 to 54 years	2,700	1,355	1,345	7.0	7.1	6.9
55 to 59 years	3,190	1,530	1,655	8.3	8.0	8.5
60 to 64 years	3,160	1,535	1,625	8.2	8.0	8.4
65 years and over	7,585	3,690	3,895	19.7	19.3	20.0
65 to 69 years	2,720	1,345	1,370	7.1	7.1	7.0
70 to 74 years	2,225	1,105	1,120	5.8	5.8	5.8
75 to 79 years	1,315	655	660	3.4	3.4	3.4
80 to 84 years	740	340	400	1.9	1.8	2.1
85 years and over	585	240	345	1.5	1.3	1.8
85 to 89 years	395	175	220	1.0	0.9	1.1
90 to 94 years	155	60	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.3	16.9	15.7	16.3	16.9	15.7
15 to 64 years	64.0	63.7	64.3	64.0	63.7	64.3
65 years and over	19.7	19.3	20.0	19.7	19.3	20.0
85 years and over	1.5	1.3	1.8	1.5	1.3	1.8
Average age of the population	42.8	42.3	43.3	42.8	42.3	43.3
Median age of the population	44.8	44.0	45.2	44.8	44.0	45.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,830	...	...	82.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	530	...	...	3.4	...	...
Row house	630	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	150	...	...	1.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	620	...	...	4.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	795	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,615	...	...	23.2	...	...
2 persons	6,305	...	...	40.5	...	...
3 persons	2,430	...	...	15.6	...	...
4 persons	2,075	...	...	13.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,160	...	...	7.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	38,165	18,845	19,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	32,250	15,850	16,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	20,670	10,335	10,335	64.1	65.2	63.0
Married	17,220	8,630	8,595	53.4	54.4	52.4
Living common-law	3,455	1,710	1,740	10.7	10.8	10.6
Living common law - Never married	2,380	1,165	1,220	7.4	7.4	7.4
Living common law - Separated	190	100	90	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	775	400	380	2.4	2.5	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	11,575	5,510	6,070	35.9	34.8	37.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,580	4,070	3,515	23.5	25.7	21.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	805	375	425	2.5	2.4	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,610	710	895	5.0	4.5	5.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,585	355	1,230	4.9	2.2	7.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,515	...	...	55.6	...	...
3 persons	2,320	...	...	19.8	...	...
4 persons	1,935	...	...	16.5	...	...
5 or more persons	940	...	...	8.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	10,180	...	...	86.9	...	...
Married couples	8,450	...	...	72.2	...	...
With children⁶	3,935	...	...	33.6	...	...
Without children	4,515	...	...	38.6	...	...
Common-law couples	1,730	...	...	14.8	...	...
With children⁶	660	...	...	5.6	...	...
Without children	1,065	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,530	...	...	13.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,160	...	...	9.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	375	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	38,165	18,845	19,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	32,790	16,290	16,500	85.9	86.4	85.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	20,355	10,165	10,190	53.3	53.9	52.8
Parents in one-parent families	1,535	375	1,155	4.0	2.0	6.0
Children⁶	10,900	5,745	5,155	28.6	30.5	26.7
In a two-parent family	8,545	4,475	4,070	22.4	23.7	21.1
In a one-parent family	2,355	1,270	1,080	6.2	6.7	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,375	2,555	2,820	14.1	13.6	14.6
Living alone	3,615	1,650	1,965	9.5	8.8	10.2
Living with other relatives⁷	600	240	355	1.6	1.3	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	1,160	665	500	3.0	3.5	2.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,735	...	...	68.9	...	...
Couple-family households	9,520	...	...	61.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,325	...	...	27.8	...	...
Without children	5,195	...	...	33.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,210	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	285	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	75	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	365	...	...	2.3	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	495	...	...	3.2	...	...
One-person households	3,615	...	...	23.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	31,885	15,620	16,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,995	15,180	15,810	97.2	97.2	97.2
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	38,000	41,200	44,800	38,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,015	15,190	15,820	97.3	97.2	97.3
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	38,800	33,600	36,000	38,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,465	14,200	14,265	89.3	90.9	87.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	29,600	34,000	38,800	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,790	12,225	11,565	74.6	78.3	71.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	38,000	31,400	34,800	38,000	31,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,125	10,985	13,140	75.7	70.3	80.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,800	11,600	11,800	11,800	11,600	11,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,805	2,895	2,910	18.2	18.5	17.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,050	8,000	6,360	7,050	8,000	6,360
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,625	3,605	4,015	23.9	23.1	24.7
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	7,500	7,000	6,500	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	31,960	15,690	16,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,125	15,220	15,910	97.4	97.0	97.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,840	52,250	43,600	47,840	52,250	43,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,140	15,235	15,910	97.4	97.1	97.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,960	42,840	37,160	39,960	42,840	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,550	14,240	14,310	89.3	90.8	87.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,720	46,480	36,960	41,720	46,480	36,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,910	12,320	11,590	74.8	78.5	71.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,600	37,640	41,200	44,600	37,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,570	11,195	13,375	76.9	71.4	82.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,130	11,910	12,320	12,130	11,910	12,320
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,110	3,125	2,990	19.1	19.9	18.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,540	8,950	8,110	8,540	8,950	8,110
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,775	3,630	4,140	24.3	23.1	25.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,740	7,550	7,900	7,740	7,550	7,900
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	31,960	15,690	16,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,520	6,165	5,355	36.0	39.3	32.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	58,000	53,200	55,600	58,000	53,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,950	65,500	57,800	61,950	65,500	57,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,995	4,910	5,090	31.3	31.3	31.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,000	19,200	15,400	17,000	19,200	15,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,540	25,600	21,540	23,540	25,600	21,540
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.0	83.2	76.2	80.0	83.2	76.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.2	69.0	62.9	66.2	69.0	62.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.0	16.8	23.7	20.0	16.8	23.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5	3.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.0	5.8	4.8	4.0	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.5	4.7	4.0	3.5	4.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	31,885	15,620	16,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	895	440	450	2.8	2.8	2.8
With total income	30,995	15,180	15,810	97.2	97.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,215	965	1,245	7.1	6.4	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	3,385	1,415	1,975	10.9	9.3	12.5
$20,000 to $29,999	4,700	1,975	2,725	15.2	13.0	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	4,660	2,130	2,525	15.0	14.0	16.0
$40,000 to $49,999	4,310	2,215	2,095	13.9	14.6	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,475	1,720	1,760	11.2	11.3	11.1
$60,000 to $69,999	2,475	1,375	1,095	8.0	9.1	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,660	950	705	5.3	6.3	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,305	695	615	4.2	4.6	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	910	465	440	2.9	3.1	2.8
$100,000 and over	1,905	1,275	630	6.1	8.4	4.0
$100,000 to $149,999	1,370	870	500	4.4	5.7	3.2
$150,000 and over	530	400	130	1.7	2.7	0.8
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	31,885	15,620	16,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	870	430	440	2.7	2.7	2.7
With after-tax income	31,015	15,190	15,820	97.3	97.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,380	1,020	1,360	7.7	6.7	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,635	1,535	2,105	11.7	10.1	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	5,850	2,540	3,315	18.9	16.7	21.0
$30,000 to $39,999	5,845	2,900	2,935	18.8	19.1	18.6
$40,000 to $49,999	4,910	2,480	2,425	15.8	16.3	15.3
$50,000 to $59,999	3,215	1,735	1,480	10.4	11.4	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,130	1,115	1,010	6.9	7.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,270	685	585	4.1	4.5	3.7
$80,000 to $89,999	645	370	270	2.1	2.5	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	365	235	130	1.2	1.5	0.8
$100,000 and over	775	570	205	2.5	3.8	1.3
$100,000 to $124,999	410	280	130	1.3	1.9	0.8
$125,000 and over	360	285	70	1.2	1.9	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	31,885	15,620	16,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,095	3,400	4,695	25.4	21.7	28.9
With employment income	23,790	12,225	11,565	74.6	78.2	71.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,030	1,445	1,585	12.7	11.8	13.7
$5,000 to $9,999	1,985	880	1,105	8.3	7.2	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	3,110	1,475	1,630	13.0	12.1	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	2,515	1,240	1,275	10.6	10.1	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,645	1,300	1,345	11.1	10.7	11.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,550	1,340	1,210	10.7	11.0	10.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,155	1,180	975	9.1	9.7	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,610	915	695	6.8	7.5	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,195	685	515	5.0	5.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	975	475	505	4.1	3.9	4.3
$90,000 to $99,999	675	360	315	2.8	2.9	2.8
$100,000 and over	1,345	925	420	5.7	7.6	3.6
$100,000 to $124,999	705	435	260	2.9	3.6	2.3
$125,000 and over	640	480	160	2.7	4.0	1.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	31,885	15,620	16,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,615	14,975	15,640	96.0	95.9	96.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	43,600	35,200	39,200	43,600	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,655	14,985	15,670	96.1	95.9	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	37,600	31,200	34,400	37,600	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,465	14,130	14,340	89.3	90.5	88.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	39,200	29,600	34,000	39,200	29,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	24,270	12,310	11,955	76.1	78.8	73.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	38,400	30,400	34,400	38,400	30,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,515	9,475	12,040	67.5	60.7	74.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	9,100	8,700	8,900	9,100	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,660	2,840	2,825	17.8	18.2	17.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,550	8,000	6,950	7,550	8,000	6,950
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	31,960	15,690	16,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,770	15,045	15,725	96.3	95.9	96.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	51,450	40,760	46,000	51,450	40,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,780	15,050	15,735	96.3	95.9	96.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,120	41,800	34,600	38,120	41,800	34,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,575	14,225	14,345	89.4	90.7	88.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,960	47,680	36,320	41,960	47,680	36,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	24,470	12,495	11,975	76.6	79.6	73.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,160	45,720	36,360	41,160	45,720	36,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,875	9,630	12,245	68.4	61.4	75.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,850	9,950	9,780	9,850	9,950	9,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,965	3,060	2,905	18.7	19.5	17.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,500	8,750	8,240	8,500	8,750	8,240
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	31,960	15,690	16,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	11,440	6,110	5,325	35.8	38.9	32.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	53,200	55,600	50,400	53,200	55,600	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,800	65,000	53,900	59,800	65,000	53,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,755	4,805	4,945	30.5	30.6	30.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,400	17,000	19,400	22,400	17,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,360	30,240	24,580	27,360	30,240	24,580
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8	87.6	81.4	84.8	87.6	81.4
Employment income (%)	71.2	73.8	68.0	71.2	73.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)	15.2	12.4	18.7	15.2	12.4	18.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	3.6	3.5	3.7	3.6	3.5	3.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	72,000	...	...	72,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,970	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,700	...	...	79,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,720	...	...	45,720	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,360	...	...	38,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,700	...	...	110,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,500	...	...	92,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	195	...	...	1.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	570	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	470	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	505	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	610	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	575	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	565	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,225	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,140	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,180	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,125	...	...	7.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,080	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	6,030	...	...	38.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,155	...	...	13.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,480	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,545	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	850	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,580	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	130	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	215	...	...	1.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	640	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	590	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	625	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	695	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	750	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	715	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,395	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,475	...	...	9.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,440	...	...	9.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,310	...	...	8.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,120	...	...	7.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,260	...	...	27.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,020	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,160	...	...	7.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,085	...	...	7.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,240	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,410	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,780	2,320	2,465	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	39,200	37,200	38,000	39,200	37,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,000	32,800	33,600	34,000	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,200	...	...	92,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,150	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,300	...	...	98,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,500	...	...	81,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,730	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	135,400	...	...	135,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,600	...	...	112,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,300	...	...	70,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,850	2,270	2,580	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,000	43,320	44,600	44,000	43,320	44,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,080	36,200	37,840	37,080	36,200	37,840
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	38,165	18,845	19,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,625	3,900	3,725	20.0	20.7	19.3
0 to 5 years	2,175	1,105	1,065	5.7	5.9	5.5
18 to 64 years	23,110	11,330	11,780	60.6	60.1	61.0
65 years and over	7,430	3,615	3,810	19.5	19.2	19.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,900	1,810	2,090	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	885	440	445	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	235	120	110	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,800	860	940	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,220	510	710	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.2	9.6	10.8	10.2	9.6	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.6	11.2	11.9	11.6	11.2	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	10.7	11.0	10.4	10.7	11.0	10.4
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.6	8.0	7.8	7.6	8.0
65 years and over (%)	16.4	14.2	18.6	16.4	14.2	18.6
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	38,115	18,820	19,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,615	3,895	3,720	20.0	20.7	19.3
0 to 5 years	2,175	1,105	1,065	5.7	5.9	5.5
18 to 64 years	23,080	11,315	11,765	60.6	60.1	61.0
65 years and over	7,425	3,610	3,815	19.5	19.2	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	855	435	420	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	175	80	90	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	20	20	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	595	315	275	...	...	...
65 years and over	95	35	55	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.3	2.3	2.2	2.3	2.3	2.2
0 to 17 years (%)	2.3	2.1	2.4	2.3	2.1	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.9	1.6	2.0	1.9	1.6	2.0
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.8	2.3
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	38,165	18,850	19,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	20,960	10,165	10,795	54.9	53.9	55.9
In bottom decile	3,210	1,530	1,680	8.4	8.1	8.7
In second decile	4,220	1,970	2,250	11.1	10.5	11.6
In third decile	4,460	2,180	2,275	11.7	11.6	11.8
In fourth decile	4,415	2,160	2,255	11.6	11.5	11.7
In fifth decile	4,660	2,325	2,330	12.2	12.3	12.1
In top half of the distribution	17,200	8,680	8,520	45.1	46.0	44.1
In sixth decile	4,430	2,235	2,200	11.6	11.9	11.4
In seventh decile	4,230	2,130	2,100	11.1	11.3	10.9
In eighth decile	3,710	1,870	1,845	9.7	9.9	9.5
In ninth decile	2,995	1,510	1,485	7.8	8.0	7.7
In top decile	1,835	940	890	4.8	5.0	4.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	38,165	...	...	38,165	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.286	...	...	0.286	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.395	...	...	0.395	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.252	...	...	0.252	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	38,350	18,970	19,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	33,470	16,960	16,510	87.3	89.4	85.2
French only	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,740	1,925	2,815	12.4	10.1	14.5
Neither English nor French	120	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	38,350	18,970	19,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,420	18,535	18,885	97.6	97.7	97.4
French	765	335	425	2.0	1.8	2.2
English and French	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	110	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	38,350	18,970	19,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	37,980	18,790	19,185	99.0	99.1	99.0
Official languages	36,375	17,905	18,475	94.9	94.4	95.3
English	35,570	17,550	18,020	92.8	92.5	93.0
French	810	355	455	2.1	1.9	2.3
Non-official languages	1,600	885	715	4.2	4.7	3.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,600	885	710	4.2	4.7	3.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	205	115	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	105	85	0.5	0.6	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	950	535	415	2.5	2.8	2.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	45	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	45	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	425	235	190	1.1	1.2	1.0
Frisian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
High German languages	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	135	65	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	140	100	0.6	0.7	0.5
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	225	135	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	220	160	60	0.6	0.8	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	200	140	60	0.5	0.7	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	105	40	0.4	0.6	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	190	100	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	110	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	205	105	100	0.5	0.6	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	175	85	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	375	180	190	1.0	0.9	1.0
English and French	200	90	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	145	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	38,350	18,970	19,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	36,050	17,810	18,245	94.0	93.9	94.1
French	215	95	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	515	300	215	1.3	1.6	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	515	300	215	1.3	1.6	1.1
English and French	565	235	325	1.5	1.2	1.7
English and non-official language(s)	930	500	430	2.4	2.6	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	38,350	18,970	19,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,085	18,845	19,235	99.3	99.3	99.3
Official languages	37,190	18,340	18,850	97.0	96.7	97.3
English	36,910	18,215	18,690	96.2	96.0	96.4
French	280	125	160	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official languages	895	505	390	2.3	2.7	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	895	505	390	2.3	2.7	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	140	85	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	80	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	425	250	180	1.1	1.3	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	145	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	160	115	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	140	100	40	0.4	0.5	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	90	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	95	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	180	90	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	265	130	140	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	95	30	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	170	100	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	38,350	18,970	19,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	37,020	18,315	18,705	96.5	96.5	96.5
English	355	185	170	0.9	1.0	0.9
French	425	185	235	1.1	1.0	1.2
Non-official language	430	220	215	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	430	215	215	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	38,240	18,905	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	38,105	18,830	19,275	99.6	99.6	99.7
English	38,095	18,830	19,260	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	4,865	1,965	2,895	12.7	10.4	15.0
Non-official languages	2,460	1,265	1,195	6.4	6.7	6.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,450	1,265	1,190	6.4	6.7	6.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	90	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	90	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	325	150	180	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	315	145	175	0.8	0.8	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	95	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,535	830	705	4.0	4.4	3.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	185	115	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	185	115	70	0.5	0.6	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	95	55	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	565	285	275	1.5	1.5	1.4
Frisian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
High German languages	310	160	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	310	160	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	270	140	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	245	135	115	0.6	0.7	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	275	195	80	0.7	1.0	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	235	175	65	0.6	0.9	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	45	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hindi	190	155	40	0.5	0.8	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	100	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	520	225	295	1.4	1.2	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	415	185	235	1.1	1.0	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	270	120	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
Chinese languages	260	115	135	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	245	105	135	0.6	0.6	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	38,240	18,910	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	630	295	335	1.6	1.6	1.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	555	270	285	1.5	1.4	1.5
First Nations (North American Indian)	320	160	155	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis	225	105	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuk (Inuit)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	37,610	18,610	18,995	98.4	98.4	98.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	38,240	18,910	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	240	110	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	37,995	18,795	19,205	99.4	99.4	99.4
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,860	...	...	82.4	...	...
Renter	2,740	...	...	17.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	235	...	...	1.5	...	...
Not condominium	15,380	...	...	98.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
1 bedroom	725	...	...	4.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,620	...	...	23.2	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,745	...	...	43.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,510	...	...	28.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,590	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 rooms	2,465	...	...	15.8	...	...
6 rooms	2,540	...	...	16.3	...	...
7 rooms	2,475	...	...	15.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,545	...	...	35.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.8	...	...	6.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	15,490	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	125	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	15,275	...	...	97.8	...	...
Not suitable	340	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,340	...	...	21.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,410	...	...	21.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,785	...	...	11.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,295	...	...	14.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	955	...	...	6.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,240	...	...	7.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,105	...	...	7.1	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,495	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	14,385	...	...	92.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,230	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,170	...	...	45.9	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,945	...	...	50.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	500	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	320	...	...	2.0	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,855	...	...	11.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,370	...	...	15.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,880	...	...	18.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,540	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,925	...	...	18.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,335	...	...	8.5	...	...
85 years and over	380	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	15,240	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,385	...	...	87.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,855	...	...	12.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,710	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,165	...	...	20.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,635	...	...	10.5	...	...
Not suitable only	275	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	995	...	...	6.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	190	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	12,455	...	...	79.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,090	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	695	...	...	4.6	...	...
Not in core need	14,400	...	...	95.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,545	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	57.4	...	...	57.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.2	...	...	8.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	920	...	...	920	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,032	...	...	1,032	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	300,000	...	...	300,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	326,400	...	...	326,400	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,740	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.0	...	...	12.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	30.4	...	...	30.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	12.2	...	...	12.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,038	...	...	1,038	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	15	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	280	...	...	280	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	38,240	18,905	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	240	130	110	0.6	0.7	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	240	130	110	0.6	0.7	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	180	95	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Métis single ancestry	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	725	345	385	1.9	1.8	2.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	725	345	385	1.9	1.8	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	605	285	320	1.6	1.5	1.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	110	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	37,265	18,435	18,840	97.5	97.5	97.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	38,240	18,910	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	36,690	18,090	18,595	95.9	95.7	96.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,345	3,800	3,545	19.2	20.1	18.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	29,345	14,300	15,045	76.7	75.6	77.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,550	810	735	4.1	4.3	3.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	38,240	18,910	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	35,360	17,435	17,925	92.5	92.2	92.7
Immigrants⁸¹	2,310	1,110	1,200	6.0	5.9	6.2
Before 1980	590	275	315	1.5	1.5	1.6
1980 to 1990	265	130	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
1991 to 2000	135	75	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
2001 to 2010	365	165	200	1.0	0.9	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	960	465	495	2.5	2.5	2.6
2011 to 2015	370	210	165	1.0	1.1	0.9
2016 to 2021	590	260	325	1.5	1.4	1.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	560	360	200	1.5	1.9	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,315	1,110	1,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	250	115	130	10.8	10.4	10.8
5 to 14 years	500	255	245	21.6	23.0	20.4
15 to 24 years	380	170	210	16.4	15.3	17.5
25 to 44 years	955	445	510	41.3	40.1	42.5
45 years and over	235	125	110	10.2	11.3	9.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,315	1,110	1,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	475	210	265	20.5	18.9	22.1
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
El Salvador	20	10	15	0.9	0.9	1.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	20	0	0.9	1.8	0.0
Mexico	25	0	20	1.1	0.0	1.7
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	320	145	165	13.8	13.1	13.8
Other places of birth in Americas	65	25	40	2.8	2.3	3.3
Europe	1,070	550	525	46.2	49.5	43.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
France	55	20	30	2.4	1.8	2.5
Germany	65	25	40	2.8	2.3	3.3
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Italy	10	10	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
Netherlands	195	105	85	8.4	9.5	7.1
Poland	40	20	20	1.7	1.8	1.7
Portugal	25	15	10	1.1	1.4	0.8
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	30	25	10	1.3	2.3	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	40	20	20	1.7	1.8	1.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	480	235	245	20.7	21.2	20.4
Other places of birth in Europe	100	50	55	4.3	4.5	4.6
Africa	100	50	45	4.3	4.5	3.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	15	0	0.6	1.4	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	10	10	0.9	0.9	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	25	1.9	2.3	2.1
Asia	650	285	370	28.1	25.7	30.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	15	1.5	1.8	1.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	155	65	85	6.7	5.9	7.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	25	10	10	1.1	0.9	0.8
Philippines	195	70	120	8.4	6.3	10.0
Viet Nam	30	10	20	1.3	0.9	1.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	90	50	40	3.9	4.5	3.3
Pakistan	20	15	0	0.9	1.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	100	30	70	4.3	2.7	5.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	15	15	0	0.6	1.4	0.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	590	260	325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	85	35	45	14.4	13.5	13.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	10	0	2.5	3.8	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	2.5	0.0	3.1
United States of America	20	10	10	3.4	3.8	3.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	20	0	20	3.4	0.0	6.2
Europe	120	60	60	20.3	23.1	18.5
France	30	15	10	5.1	5.8	3.1
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	20	25	7.6	7.7	7.7
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15	4.2	3.8	4.6
Africa	20	15	0	3.4	5.8	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	365	145	215	61.9	55.8	66.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	110	50	60	18.6	19.2	18.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	55	30	20	9.3	11.5	6.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	135	45	90	22.9	17.3	27.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	25	10	20	4.2	3.8	6.2
Viet Nam	15	0	10	2.5	0.0	3.1
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	38,235	18,910	19,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,105	1,575	1,530	8.1	8.3	7.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,560	1,350	1,210	6.7	7.1	6.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	32,570	15,985	16,585	85.2	84.5	85.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,725	840	885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,260	660	605	73.0	78.6	68.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	525	375	150	30.4	44.6	16.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	735	275	450	42.6	32.7	50.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	350	125	225	20.3	14.9	25.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	100	45	55	5.8	5.4	6.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	10	10	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,725	840	885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	360	205	155	20.9	24.4	17.5
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	75	25	50	4.3	3.0	5.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	130	60	65	7.5	7.1	7.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.1
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,130	535	595	65.5	63.7	67.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	38,240	18,905	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	1,800	910	890	4.7	4.8	4.6
South Asian	370	255	115	1.0	1.3	0.6
Chinese	280	125	160	0.7	0.7	0.8
Black	315	175	140	0.8	0.9	0.7
Filipino	350	155	195	0.9	0.8	1.0
Arab	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Latin American	195	75	115	0.5	0.4	0.6
Southeast Asian	120	50	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
West Asian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Japanese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	36,435	17,995	18,440	95.3	95.2	95.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	38,240	18,905	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,525	3,315	3,205	17.1	17.5	16.6
English	10,575	5,195	5,380	27.7	27.5	27.8
Irish	10,350	4,820	5,535	27.1	25.5	28.6
Scottish	14,065	6,615	7,445	36.8	35.0	38.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,160	2,480	2,680	13.5	13.1	13.9
German	2,170	1,115	1,050	5.7	5.9	5.4
Chinese	300	115	185	0.8	0.6	1.0
Italian	410	215	195	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indian (India)	220	150	70	0.6	0.8	0.4
Ukrainian	320	160	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dutch	1,375	725	650	3.6	3.8	3.4
Polish	295	135	165	0.8	0.7	0.9
Québécois	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	980	520	465	2.6	2.8	2.4
Filipino	325	150	175	0.8	0.8	0.9
French Canadian	135	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,585	780	800	4.1	4.1	4.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	305	125	175	0.8	0.7	0.9
Métis	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	595	300	295	1.6	1.6	1.5
Russian	115	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Norwegian	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Welsh	775	420	350	2.0	2.2	1.8
Portuguese	65	50	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
American	280	145	135	0.7	0.8	0.7
Spanish	130	70	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swedish	160	65	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hungarian	145	50	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Acadian	2,065	910	1,155	5.4	4.8	6.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	55	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.2
Jewish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Punjabi	55	50	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
Vietnamese	70	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Greek	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jamaican	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanese	160	95	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iranian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Danish	165	70	100	0.4	0.4	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	175	90	85	0.5	0.5	0.4
Sikh	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austrian	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Belgian	75	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexican	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	120	75	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Finnish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sri Lankan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	30	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	245	130	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	85	55	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Syrian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	95	50	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chilean	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	90	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Honduran	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	715	370	350	1.9	2.0	1.8
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	38,240	18,905	19,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	85	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	26,515	12,650	13,865	69.3	66.9	71.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,445	1,190	1,260	6.4	6.3	6.5
Anabaptist	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Anglican	1,860	825	1,035	4.9	4.4	5.4
Baptist	1,425	690	740	3.7	3.6	3.8
Catholic	10,975	5,250	5,725	28.7	27.8	29.6
Christian Orthodox	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	120	50	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	95	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	210	100	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
Presbyterian	2,010	985	1,025	5.3	5.2	5.3
Reformed	190	90	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Church	4,970	2,320	2,650	13.0	12.3	13.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,950	985	970	5.1	5.2	5.0
Hindu	100	85	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
Jewish	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	90	70	20	0.2	0.4	0.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	75	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
No religion and secular perspectives	11,175	5,935	5,240	29.2	31.4	27.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	37,955	18,765	19,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	33,825	16,750	17,075	89.1	89.3	89.0
Movers	4,130	2,015	2,115	10.9	10.7	11.0
Non-migrants	1,440	710	735	3.8	3.8	3.8
Migrants	2,685	1,305	1,385	7.1	7.0	7.2
Internal migrants	2,475	1,200	1,275	6.5	6.4	6.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,475	685	790	3.9	3.7	4.1
Interprovincial migrants	1,000	520	485	2.6	2.8	2.5
External migrants	215	100	110	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	36,450	18,050	18,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	21,945	10,890	11,050	60.2	60.3	60.1
Movers	14,505	7,160	7,350	39.8	39.7	39.9
Non-migrants	2,000	970	1,030	5.5	5.4	5.6
Migrants	12,510	6,190	6,320	34.3	34.3	34.3
Internal migrants	11,485	5,615	5,870	31.5	31.1	31.9
Intraprovincial migrants	8,515	4,120	4,400	23.4	22.8	23.9
Interprovincial migrants	2,970	1,500	1,465	8.1	8.3	8.0
External migrants	1,020	570	455	2.8	3.2	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,965	15,690	16,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,095	3,000	2,095	15.9	19.1	12.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	26,875	12,690	14,180	84.1	80.9	87.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,345	10,015	10,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,795	1,215	575	8.8	12.1	5.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	18,545	8,795	9,750	91.2	87.8	94.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,960	15,690	16,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,585	2,670	1,915	14.3	17.0	11.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,660	4,550	4,115	27.1	29.0	25.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,715	8,470	10,245	58.6	54.0	62.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,785	5,615	6,170	36.9	35.8	37.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,455	1,865	590	7.7	11.9	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,280	885	395	4.0	5.6	2.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,180	975	200	3.7	6.2	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,605	3,510	5,100	26.9	22.4	31.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	720	245	475	2.3	1.6	2.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,930	2,855	4,075	21.7	18.2	25.0
Bachelor's degree	4,820	1,925	2,895	15.1	12.3	17.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	365	155	205	1.1	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	170	70	100	0.5	0.4	0.6
Master's degree	1,365	580	780	4.3	3.7	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	215	130	90	0.7	0.8	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,345	10,015	10,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,560	1,055	500	7.7	10.5	4.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,185	2,890	2,295	25.5	28.9	22.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,600	6,070	7,530	66.8	60.6	72.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,365	4,045	4,315	41.1	40.4	41.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,580	1,230	350	7.8	12.3	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	800	575	220	3.9	5.7	2.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	780	650	130	3.8	6.5	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,340	2,675	3,660	31.2	26.7	35.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	445	140	305	2.2	1.4	3.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,240	2,025	3,210	25.8	20.2	31.1
Bachelor's degree	3,705	1,420	2,285	18.2	14.2	22.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	235	105	130	1.2	1.0	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	45	85	0.6	0.4	0.8
Master's degree	1,015	360	650	5.0	3.6	6.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	155	95	60	0.8	0.9	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,960	15,690	16,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,250	7,220	6,025	41.5	46.0	37.0
Education	1,290	315	970	4.0	2.0	6.0
13. Education	1,290	315	970	4.0	2.0	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	455	225	230	1.4	1.4	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	35	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	420	190	230	1.3	1.2	1.4
Humanities	875	325	550	2.7	2.1	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	240	60	175	0.8	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175	65	110	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	140	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.5
54. History	170	85	85	0.5	0.5	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,520	445	1,075	4.8	2.8	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	175	70	105	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	20	325	1.1	0.1	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	240	45	200	0.8	0.3	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	285	95	190	0.9	0.6	1.2
45. Social sciences	445	215	235	1.4	1.4	1.4
Business, management and public administration	4,700	1,455	3,240	14.7	9.3	19.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	490	110	380	1.5	0.7	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,195	1,350	2,845	13.1	8.6	17.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	785	315	465	2.5	2.0	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	320	145	170	1.0	0.9	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	265	95	165	0.8	0.6	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	690	470	215	2.2	3.0	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	610	445	170	1.9	2.8	1.0
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,585	3,360	225	11.2	21.4	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	80	50	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	370	305	65	1.2	1.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	655	585	75	2.0	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,155	1,135	20	3.6	7.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	815	800	15	2.6	5.1	0.1
48. Precision production	515	495	20	1.6	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	820	465	355	2.6	3.0	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	660	380	275	2.1	2.4	1.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	165	80	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Health and related fields	2,875	465	2,415	9.0	3.0	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	250	140	105	0.8	0.9	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,585	300	2,290	8.1	1.9	14.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	30	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,120	615	505	3.5	3.9	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	610	180	425	1.9	1.1	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	190	145	45	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	305	280	25	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,340	10,020	10,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,745	3,940	2,800	33.2	39.3	27.1
Education	800	175	625	3.9	1.7	6.1
13. Education	800	175	625	3.9	1.7	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	340	165	180	1.7	1.6	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	320	140	180	1.6	1.4	1.7
Humanities	655	225	440	3.2	2.2	4.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	200	50	150	1.0	0.5	1.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	130	50	80	0.6	0.5	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	100	35	65	0.5	0.3	0.6
54. History	125	55	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,195	330	860	5.9	3.3	8.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	50	90	0.7	0.5	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	260	15	245	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	210	30	180	1.0	0.3	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	220	75	150	1.1	0.7	1.5
45. Social sciences	335	160	180	1.6	1.6	1.7
Business, management and public administration	3,425	1,085	2,345	16.8	10.8	22.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	80	290	1.8	0.8	2.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,055	1,005	2,050	15.0	10.0	19.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	520	200	320	2.6	2.0	3.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	225	80	150	1.1	0.8	1.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	65	100	0.8	0.6	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	115	55	55	0.6	0.5	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	555	380	170	2.7	3.8	1.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	500	365	140	2.5	3.6	1.4
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,550	2,345	205	12.5	23.4	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	60	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	240	195	50	1.2	1.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	490	415	70	2.4	4.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	815	795	20	4.0	7.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	585	570	20	2.9	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	360	345	15	1.8	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	610	320	290	3.0	3.2	2.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	470	245	220	2.3	2.4	2.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	75	65	0.7	0.7	0.6
Health and related fields	2,055	355	1,700	10.1	3.5	16.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	110	70	0.9	1.1	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,835	230	1,605	9.0	2.3	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	885	490	395	4.4	4.9	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	490	155	335	2.4	1.5	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	160	125	35	0.8	1.2	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	205	20	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	20,340	10,020	10,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,745	3,940	2,800	33.2	39.3	27.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,600	6,070	7,530	66.9	60.6	72.9
Location of study inside Canada	12,595	5,605	6,995	61.9	55.9	67.7
Same as province or territory of residence	8,300	3,735	4,565	40.8	37.3	44.2
Different than province or territory of residence	4,295	1,870	2,425	21.1	18.7	23.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,005	470	535	4.9	4.7	5.2
Americas	275	105	170	1.4	1.0	1.6
United States of America	225	85	145	1.1	0.8	1.4
Mexico	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	325	165	160	1.6	1.6	1.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	50	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ukraine	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	150	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	375	180	190	1.8	1.8	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	120	55	65	0.6	0.5	0.6
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Australia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	31,960	15,690	16,275	...	...	...
In the labour force	21,780	11,245	10,535	...	...	...
Employed	19,695	10,150	9,545	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,090	1,095	990	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,185	4,450	5,740	...	...	...
Participation rate	68.1	71.7	64.7	68.1	71.7	64.7
Employment rate	61.6	64.7	58.6	61.6	64.7	58.6
Unemployment rate	9.6	9.7	9.4	9.6	9.7	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	31,960	15,690	16,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	9,700	4,180	5,515	30.4	26.6	33.9
Worked	22,265	11,505	10,755	69.7	73.3	66.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	11,785	6,335	5,450	36.9	40.4	33.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,485	5,175	5,305	32.8	33.0	32.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.7	40.8	40.6	40.7	40.8	40.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	21,780	11,240	10,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	360	165	195	1.7	1.5	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,420	11,080	10,340	98.3	98.6	98.1
Employee	18,400	9,035	9,360	84.5	80.4	88.8
Permanent position	13,745	6,750	7,000	63.1	60.1	66.4
Temporary position	4,655	2,290	2,365	21.4	20.4	22.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	905	375	530	4.2	3.3	5.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,750	1,915	1,835	17.2	17.0	17.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,015	2,045	975	13.8	18.2	9.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	21,780	11,240	10,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	360	165	195	1.7	1.5	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,420	11,080	10,340	98.3	98.6	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	250	160	100	1.1	1.4	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,495	915	2,585	16.0	8.1	24.5
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,385	960	425	6.4	8.5	4.0
3 Health occupations	1,745	225	1,520	8.0	2.0	14.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,630	785	1,850	12.1	7.0	17.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	415	210	205	1.9	1.9	1.9
6 Sales and service occupations	4,555	1,810	2,745	20.9	16.1	26.1
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	4,150	3,920	230	19.1	34.9	2.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,795	1,430	370	8.2	12.7	3.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	990	675	310	4.5	6.0	2.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	21,780	11,240	10,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	360	165	195	1.7	1.5	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	21,420	11,080	10,340	98.3	98.6	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,010	1,470	545	9.2	13.1	5.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	45	40	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	90	75	15	0.4	0.7	0.1
23 Construction	2,145	1,910	235	9.8	17.0	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	1,640	1,150	485	7.5	10.2	4.6
41 Wholesale trade	420	320	95	1.9	2.8	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	2,160	1,005	1,150	9.9	8.9	10.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	720	565	155	3.3	5.0	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	175	120	55	0.8	1.1	0.5
52 Finance and insurance	530	205	325	2.4	1.8	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	240	135	110	1.1	1.2	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,060	540	520	4.9	4.8	4.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	780	510	265	3.6	4.5	2.5
61 Educational services	1,710	480	1,230	7.9	4.3	11.7
62 Health care and social assistance	2,535	375	2,155	11.6	3.3	20.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	435	250	190	2.0	2.2	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	1,200	420	785	5.5	3.7	7.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,005	535	465	4.6	4.8	4.4
91 Public administration	2,480	960	1,515	11.4	8.5	14.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	23,610	12,195	11,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,645	11,825	10,815	95.9	97.0	94.7
French	100	15	85	0.4	0.1	0.7
Non-official language	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	650	230	415	2.8	1.9	3.6
English and non-official language(s)	140	80	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	23,610	12,195	11,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,530	12,155	11,380	99.7	99.7	99.6
Official languages	23,420	12,105	11,315	99.2	99.3	99.1
English	23,205	12,070	11,140	98.3	99.0	97.5
French	210	40	180	0.9	0.3	1.6
Non-official languages	110	50	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	110	50	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Chinese languages	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	75	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	23,610	12,195	11,420	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,865	11,900	10,965	96.8	97.6	96.0
English	160	45	120	0.7	0.4	1.1
French	490	190	300	2.1	1.6	2.6
Non-official language	60	45	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	60	45	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	19,690	10,150	9,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,220	1,510	1,705	16.4	14.9	17.9
Worked outside Canada	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
No fixed workplace address	2,795	2,180	610	14.2	21.5	6.4
Usual place of work	13,650	6,440	7,210	69.3	63.4	75.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	13,650	6,440	7,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,675	905	770	12.3	14.1	10.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,875	4,430	5,440	72.3	68.8	75.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,775	955	820	13.0	14.8	11.4
Commute to a different province or territory	330	150	180	2.4	2.3	2.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,450	8,625	7,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	15,690	8,245	7,450	95.4	95.6	95.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	14,730	7,860	6,875	89.5	91.1	87.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	965	385	575	5.9	4.5	7.4
Public transit	85	55	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Walked	320	145	180	1.9	1.7	2.3
Bicycle	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other method	330	170	160	2.0	2.0	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,450	8,625	7,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,125	2,790	2,335	31.2	32.3	29.9
15 to 29 minutes	7,435	3,730	3,705	45.2	43.2	47.4
30 to 44 minutes	2,760	1,380	1,375	16.8	16.0	17.6
45 to 59 minutes	720	420	300	4.4	4.9	3.8
60 minutes and over	410	305	105	2.5	3.5	1.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,450	8,625	7,820	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	935	710	225	5.7	8.2	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,015	1,820	1,195	18.3	21.1	15.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,410	3,380	3,030	39.0	39.2	38.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,270	1,415	1,855	19.9	16.4	23.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,180	390	785	7.2	4.5	10.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,640	915	725	10.0	10.6	9.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,785	3,990	3,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	715	355	360	9.2	8.9	9.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,070	3,630	3,440	90.8	91.0	90.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,885	3,030	2,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	540	265	275	9.2	8.7	9.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	315	145	165	5.4	4.8	5.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	225	120	105	3.8	4.0	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,345	2,765	2,585	90.8	91.3	90.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table