Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CharlottetownMore information: Prince Edward Island [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	38,810	18,645	20,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	5,145	2,655	2,490	13.3	14.2	12.3
0 to 4 years	1,500	775	725	3.9	4.2	3.6
5 to 9 years	1,710	895	810	4.4	4.8	4.0
10 to 14 years	1,940	980	955	5.0	5.3	4.7
15 to 64 years	25,500	12,505	12,995	65.7	67.1	64.4
15 to 19 years	2,085	1,045	1,040	5.4	5.6	5.2
20 to 24 years	4,085	2,180	1,905	10.5	11.7	9.4
25 to 29 years	3,055	1,600	1,455	7.9	8.6	7.2
30 to 34 years	2,475	1,210	1,265	6.4	6.5	6.3
35 to 39 years	2,255	1,095	1,160	5.8	5.9	5.8
40 to 44 years	2,205	985	1,220	5.7	5.3	6.1
45 to 49 years	2,240	1,060	1,175	5.8	5.7	5.8
50 to 54 years	2,270	1,060	1,210	5.8	5.7	6.0
55 to 59 years	2,435	1,155	1,285	6.3	6.2	6.4
60 to 64 years	2,405	1,115	1,290	6.2	6.0	6.4
65 years and over	8,160	3,485	4,675	21.0	18.7	23.2
65 to 69 years	2,360	1,125	1,240	6.1	6.0	6.1
70 to 74 years	2,105	945	1,160	5.4	5.1	5.8
75 to 79 years	1,420	605	810	3.7	3.2	4.0
80 to 84 years	1,055	415	645	2.7	2.2	3.2
85 years and over	1,220	395	830	3.1	2.1	4.1
85 to 89 years	700	255	445	1.8	1.4	2.2
90 to 94 years	380	110	265	1.0	0.6	1.3
95 to 99 years	125	25	100	0.3	0.1	0.5
100 years and over	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.3	14.2	12.3	13.3	14.2	12.3
15 to 64 years	65.7	67.1	64.4	65.7	67.1	64.4
65 years and over	21.0	18.7	23.2	21.0	18.7	23.2
85 years and over	3.1	2.1	4.1	3.1	2.1	4.1
Average age of the population	42.4	40.6	44.1	42.4	40.6	44.1
Median age of the population	40.8	38.0	43.2	40.8	38.0	43.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,480	...	...	43.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,560	...	...	9.1	...	...
Row house	570	...	...	3.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	550	...	...	3.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,700	...	...	39.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	260	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,180	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,115	...	...	35.6	...	...
2 persons	5,860	...	...	34.1	...	...
3 persons	2,470	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	1,795	...	...	10.4	...	...
5 or more persons	945	...	...	5.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	37,605	18,130	19,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	33,660	15,990	17,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	16,455	8,200	8,255	48.9	51.3	46.7
Married	13,280	6,620	6,660	39.5	41.4	37.7
Living common-law	3,170	1,580	1,595	9.4	9.9	9.0
Living common law - Never married	2,485	1,220	1,265	7.4	7.6	7.2
Living common law - Separated	110	70	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	500	260	240	1.5	1.6	1.4
Living common law - Widowed	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	17,210	7,790	9,415	51.1	48.7	53.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	11,970	6,250	5,715	35.6	39.1	32.3
Not married and not living common law - Separated	940	370	575	2.8	2.3	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,080	710	1,370	6.2	4.4	7.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,220	465	1,760	6.6	2.9	10.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	9,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	5,425	...	...	56.1	...	...
3 persons	2,030	...	...	21.0	...	...
4 persons	1,540	...	...	15.9	...	...
5 or more persons	670	...	...	6.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	9,670	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	7,925	...	...	82.0	...	...
Married couples	6,335	...	...	65.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,130	...	...	32.4	...	...
Without children	3,205	...	...	33.1	...	...
Common-law couples	1,585	...	...	16.4	...	...
With children⁶	510	...	...	5.3	...	...
Without children	1,080	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,750	...	...	18.1	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,395	...	...	14.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	350	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	37,605	18,130	19,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	26,710	13,065	13,640	71.0	72.1	70.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	15,845	7,895	7,945	42.1	43.5	40.8
Parents in one-parent families	1,745	350	1,395	4.6	1.9	7.2
Children⁶	9,115	4,815	4,300	24.2	26.6	22.1
In a two-parent family	6,580	3,450	3,130	17.5	19.0	16.1
In a one-parent family	2,535	1,370	1,165	6.7	7.6	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,895	5,065	5,830	29.0	27.9	29.9
Living alone	6,115	2,420	3,695	16.3	13.3	19.0
Living with other relatives⁷	905	380	525	2.4	2.1	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	3,875	2,270	1,610	10.3	12.5	8.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	8,785	...	...	51.1	...	...
Couple-family households	7,335	...	...	42.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,385	...	...	19.7	...	...
Without children	3,950	...	...	23.0	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,450	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	205	...	...	1.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.3	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	460	...	...	2.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,565	...	...	9.1	...	...
One-person households	6,115	...	...	35.6	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,060	14,765	16,295	95.7	95.4	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	38,400	35,200	36,800	38,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	31,065	14,765	16,295	95.7	95.4	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	34,000	32,000	32,800	34,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	28,040	13,545	14,500	86.4	87.5	85.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,800	32,800	27,000	29,800	32,800	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,780	11,435	11,340	70.2	73.9	66.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	31,000	28,200	29,600	31,000	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,370	11,460	13,910	78.1	74.0	81.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,400	10,800	12,000	11,400	10,800	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,655	2,355	2,295	14.3	15.2	13.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,840	6,000	5,480	5,840	6,000	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,915	4,400	4,520	27.5	28.4	26.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,065	14,795	16,270	95.7	95.6	95.8
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,160	49,720	42,880	46,160	49,720	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,065	14,795	16,270	95.7	95.6	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,480	40,880	36,320	38,480	40,880	36,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	28,085	13,545	14,540	86.5	87.5	85.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	44,920	36,200	40,400	44,920	36,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,780	11,340	11,435	70.2	73.3	67.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,320	42,040	36,600	39,320	42,040	36,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,390	11,495	13,895	78.2	74.3	81.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,780	11,090	12,350	11,780	11,090	12,350
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,705	2,295	2,415	14.5	14.8	14.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,770	7,130	6,430	6,770	7,130	6,430
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,945	4,390	4,550	27.6	28.4	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,650	8,640	8,670	8,650	8,640	8,670
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,455	5,480	4,975	32.2	35.4	29.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	53,600	50,800	52,400	53,600	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,500	64,300	58,450	61,500	64,300	58,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,510	4,500	5,005	29.3	29.1	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	15,000	15,800	14,000	15,000	15,800	14,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	21,280	22,260	20,400	21,280	22,260	20,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	82.6	75.4	79.2	82.6	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.5	64.8	60.0	62.5	64.8	60.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	17.3	24.6	20.8	17.3	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.3	5.9	6.8	6.3	5.9	6.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	5.4	5.2	5.7	5.4	5.2	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,405	715	690	4.3	4.6	4.1
With total income	31,060	14,765	16,295	95.7	95.4	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,435	1,110	1,325	7.8	7.5	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	3,595	1,540	2,050	11.6	10.5	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	5,820	2,575	3,245	18.7	17.4	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	5,235	2,510	2,730	16.9	17.0	16.8
$40,000 to $49,999	3,790	1,730	2,055	12.2	11.7	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	2,960	1,395	1,565	9.5	9.4	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	2,060	1,075	985	6.6	7.3	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	1,395	750	650	4.5	5.1	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,100	570	530	3.5	3.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	790	350	435	2.5	2.4	2.7
$100,000 and over	1,885	1,165	720	6.1	7.9	4.4
$100,000 to $149,999	1,265	745	525	4.1	5.0	3.2
$150,000 and over	615	415	200	2.0	2.8	1.2
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,405	715	690	4.3	4.6	4.1
With after-tax income	31,065	14,765	16,295	95.7	95.4	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,595	1,150	1,440	8.4	7.8	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,835	1,670	2,165	12.3	11.3	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	7,090	3,235	3,860	22.8	21.9	23.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,030	2,845	3,180	19.4	19.3	19.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,125	1,925	2,200	13.3	13.0	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	2,765	1,415	1,350	8.9	9.5	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	1,740	900	845	5.6	6.1	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	1,130	550	575	3.6	3.8	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	580	315	270	1.9	2.1	1.7
$90,000 to $99,999	315	180	135	1.0	1.2	0.8
$100,000 and over	855	580	280	2.8	3.9	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	420	270	150	1.4	1.9	0.9
$125,000 and over	435	300	130	1.4	2.1	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	9,685	4,045	5,645	29.8	26.1	33.2
With employment income	22,780	11,435	11,340	70.2	73.9	66.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,050	1,405	1,645	13.4	12.3	14.5
$5,000 to $9,999	2,215	1,020	1,195	9.7	8.9	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,525	1,760	1,765	15.5	15.4	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,715	1,410	1,310	11.9	12.3	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,565	1,280	1,285	11.2	11.1	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	2,095	1,055	1,040	9.2	9.2	9.2
$50,000 to $59,999	1,745	840	910	7.7	7.3	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,250	700	555	5.5	6.1	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	930	505	425	4.1	4.4	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	805	380	425	3.5	3.3	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	600	280	325	2.7	2.4	2.8
$100,000 and over	1,280	810	470	5.6	7.1	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	595	350	250	2.6	3.1	2.2
$125,000 and over	685	460	225	3.0	4.0	2.0
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,405	14,440	15,965	93.7	93.3	94.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	35,200	31,400	33,200	35,200	31,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,420	14,440	15,980	93.7	93.3	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	31,400	28,600	30,000	31,400	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,690	13,350	14,340	85.3	86.2	84.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	29,200	31,600	27,000	29,200	31,600	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,855	11,450	11,405	70.4	74.0	67.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	28,400	29,600	27,200	28,400	29,600	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,465	9,915	12,550	69.2	64.1	73.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,050	5,720	7,750	7,050	5,720	7,750
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	3,890	2,025	1,865	12.0	13.1	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,080	6,800	5,480	6,080	6,800	5,480
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,385	14,470	15,910	93.6	93.5	93.7
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,840	46,400	39,640	42,840	46,400	39,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,390	14,470	15,920	93.6	93.5	93.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,720	38,120	33,520	35,720	38,120	33,520
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,625	13,340	14,280	85.1	86.2	84.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,960	44,360	35,840	39,960	44,360	35,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,725	11,345	11,375	70.0	73.3	67.0
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,920	41,560	36,280	38,920	41,560	36,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,285	9,850	12,430	68.6	63.6	73.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,900	8,110	9,530	8,900	8,110	9,530
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	3,805	1,880	1,920	11.7	12.1	11.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,520	7,750	7,290	7,520	7,750	7,290
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,345	5,445	4,905	31.9	35.2	28.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	49,200	50,000	48,800	49,200	50,000	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	57,550	60,250	54,500	57,550	60,250	54,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,880	4,240	4,635	27.4	27.4	27.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,600	17,800	17,400	17,600	17,800	17,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,960	26,200	23,840	24,960	26,200	23,840
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.8	88.0	81.2	84.8	88.0	81.2
Employment income (%)	68.0	70.2	65.4	68.0	70.2	65.4
Government transfers (%)	15.2	11.9	18.8	15.2	11.9	18.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	66,000	...	...	66,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	58,000	...	...	58,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,115	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,185	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,600	...	...	69,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,000	...	...	44,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,080	...	...	37,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,100	...	...	105,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	260	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	140	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	335	...	...	1.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	440	...	...	2.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,060	...	...	6.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	765	...	...	4.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	775	...	...	4.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	790	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	840	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	760	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,565	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,380	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,195	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,070	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	940	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,870	...	...	28.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,700	...	...	9.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,120	...	...	6.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,175	...	...	6.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	880	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	280	...	...	1.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.8	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	350	...	...	2.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	465	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,180	...	...	6.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	925	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	940	...	...	5.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,005	...	...	5.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	975	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	920	...	...	5.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,730	...	...	10.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,515	...	...	8.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,310	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,080	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	870	...	...	5.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,500	...	...	20.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,565	...	...	9.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	845	...	...	4.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,090	...	...	6.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,500	...	...	73,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,655	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,200	...	...	59,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	54,400	...	...	54,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,990	4,685	5,305	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,400	32,000	32,400	32,400	32,000	32,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	29,800	29,600	30,000	29,800	29,600	30,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,500	...	...	106,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,800	...	...	87,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,900	...	...	100,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,500	...	...	82,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,200	...	...	68,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,150	...	...	60,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,905	4,690	5,215	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,720	38,360	39,040	38,720	38,360	39,040
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,280	32,800	33,680	33,280	32,800	33,680
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	37,605	18,130	19,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,285	3,235	3,050	16.7	17.8	15.7
0 to 5 years	1,795	930	865	4.8	5.1	4.4
18 to 64 years	24,025	11,705	12,320	63.9	64.6	63.3
65 years and over	7,295	3,185	4,105	19.4	17.6	21.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,550	2,970	3,580	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,395	745	650	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	385	210	175	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,810	1,745	2,065	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,350	480	865	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	17.4	16.4	18.4	17.4	16.4	18.4
0 to 17 years (%)	22.2	23.0	21.4	22.2	23.0	21.4
0 to 5 years (%)	21.7	22.6	20.6	21.7	22.6	20.6
18 to 64 years (%)	15.9	14.9	16.8	15.9	14.9	16.8
65 years and over (%)	18.5	15.1	21.1	18.5	15.1	21.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	37,605	18,130	19,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	6,285	3,235	3,050	16.7	17.8	15.7
0 to 5 years	1,795	930	865	4.8	5.1	4.4
18 to 64 years	24,025	11,705	12,320	63.9	64.6	63.3
65 years and over	7,295	3,185	4,105	19.4	17.6	21.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,040	1,500	1,545	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	530	285	245	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	140	75	65	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,375	1,150	1,225	...	...	...
65 years and over	140	65	80	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	8.1	8.3	8.0	8.1	8.3	8.0
0 to 17 years (%)	8.4	8.8	8.0	8.4	8.8	8.0
0 to 5 years (%)	7.9	8.0	7.6	7.9	8.0	7.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.8	9.9	9.9	9.8	9.9
65 years and over (%)	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	37,600	18,130	19,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	24,085	11,505	12,575	64.1	63.5	64.6
In bottom decile	6,390	3,050	3,340	17.0	16.8	17.2
In second decile	5,550	2,650	2,905	14.8	14.6	14.9
In third decile	4,480	2,115	2,355	11.9	11.7	12.1
In fourth decile	3,975	1,885	2,090	10.6	10.4	10.7
In fifth decile	3,695	1,805	1,880	9.8	10.0	9.7
In top half of the distribution	13,515	6,620	6,895	35.9	36.5	35.4
In sixth decile	3,350	1,645	1,705	8.9	9.1	8.8
In seventh decile	3,015	1,445	1,570	8.0	8.0	8.1
In eighth decile	2,710	1,330	1,380	7.2	7.3	7.1
In ninth decile	2,380	1,160	1,220	6.3	6.4	6.3
In top decile	2,065	1,045	1,020	5.5	5.8	5.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	37,600	...	...	37,600	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.344	...	...	0.344	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.464	...	...	0.464	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	37,850	18,290	19,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	32,370	15,965	16,405	85.5	87.3	83.9
French only	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,940	2,070	2,865	13.1	11.3	14.7
Neither English nor French	505	240	260	1.3	1.3	1.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	37,850	18,290	19,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	36,450	17,660	18,795	96.3	96.6	96.1
French	700	310	390	1.8	1.7	2.0
English and French	210	90	115	0.6	0.5	0.6
Neither English nor French	490	230	255	1.3	1.3	1.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	37,850	18,290	19,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,815	17,760	19,055	97.3	97.1	97.4
Official languages	30,445	14,445	16,000	80.4	79.0	81.8
English	29,750	14,140	15,610	78.6	77.3	79.8
French	695	300	395	1.8	1.6	2.0
Non-official languages	6,375	3,315	3,055	16.8	18.1	15.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,365	3,315	3,050	16.8	18.1	15.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	750	405	345	2.0	2.2	1.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	675	370	305	1.8	2.0	1.6
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	655	360	300	1.7	2.0	1.5
Aramaic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	460	215	240	1.2	1.2	1.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	455	215	240	1.2	1.2	1.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	260	115	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	100	125	0.6	0.5	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	335	195	135	0.9	1.1	0.7
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	265	160	105	0.7	0.9	0.5
Tamil	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,560	1,425	1,135	6.8	7.8	5.8
Albanian	105	55	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	225	100	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	225	95	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Russian	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	140	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Danish	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,695	1,010	690	4.5	5.5	3.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,570	940	625	4.1	5.1	3.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	105	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Gujarati	225	160	60	0.6	0.9	0.3
Hindi	165	100	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	175	85	95	0.5	0.5	0.5
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	775	455	315	2.0	2.5	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	130	70	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	130	65	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	100	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	390	190	195	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	80	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	265	130	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	60	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	95	50	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,675	815	860	4.4	4.5	4.4
Chinese languages	1,625	780	840	4.3	4.3	4.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,400	665	735	3.7	3.6	3.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	170	85	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,030	530	500	2.7	2.9	2.6
English and French	230	95	135	0.6	0.5	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	685	375	310	1.8	2.1	1.6
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	37,850	18,290	19,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	30,275	14,420	15,855	80.0	78.8	81.1
French	160	70	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	2,505	1,310	1,200	6.6	7.2	6.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,505	1,310	1,200	6.6	7.2	6.1
English and French	630	260	370	1.7	1.4	1.9
English and non-official language(s)	3,920	2,045	1,870	10.4	11.2	9.6
French and non-official language(s)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	190	95	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	145	75	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	37,850	18,290	19,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	36,790	17,770	19,020	97.2	97.2	97.3
Official languages	32,280	15,410	16,870	85.3	84.3	86.3
English	32,020	15,300	16,720	84.6	83.7	85.5
French	265	110	150	0.7	0.6	0.8
Non-official languages	4,510	2,360	2,145	11.9	12.9	11.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,510	2,360	2,145	11.9	12.9	11.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	270	250	1.4	1.5	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	475	245	225	1.3	1.3	1.2
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	465	245	220	1.2	1.3	1.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	450	230	220	1.2	1.3	1.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	450	225	220	1.2	1.2	1.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	130	65	70	0.3	0.4	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	255	150	105	0.7	0.8	0.5
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	215	125	90	0.6	0.7	0.5
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,585	880	710	4.2	4.8	3.6
Albanian	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	140	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	140	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	105	45	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,150	670	485	3.0	3.7	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,075	635	435	2.8	3.5	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	165	120	40	0.4	0.7	0.2
Hindi	85	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	120	60	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	575	330	250	1.5	1.8	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Urdu	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	200	95	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	145	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,395	690	705	3.7	3.8	3.6
Chinese languages	1,360	675	690	3.6	3.7	3.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,215	600	615	3.2	3.3	3.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	125	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,055	520	535	2.8	2.8	2.7
English and French	130	50	80	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	890	450	440	2.4	2.5	2.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	37,850	18,290	19,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	33,800	16,210	17,585	89.3	88.6	89.9
English	1,645	840	805	4.3	4.6	4.1
French	470	215	260	1.2	1.2	1.3
Non-official language	1,370	715	655	3.6	3.9	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,355	705	645	3.6	3.9	3.3
English and French	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	275	160	115	0.7	0.9	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	170	95	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	37,605	18,130	19,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	37,120	17,910	19,210	98.7	98.8	98.6
English	37,080	17,885	19,195	98.6	98.6	98.6
French	4,965	2,105	2,860	13.2	11.6	14.7
Non-official languages	8,200	4,285	3,920	21.8	23.6	20.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algonquian languages	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,170	4,270	3,905	21.7	23.6	20.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	995	580	415	2.6	3.2	2.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	60	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	60	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	945	550	395	2.5	3.0	2.0
Amharic	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Arabic	915	530	385	2.4	2.9	2.0
Aramaic languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	565	270	300	1.5	1.5	1.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	565	270	300	1.5	1.5	1.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	430	160	265	1.1	0.9	1.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	410	155	255	1.1	0.9	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	480	260	220	1.3	1.4	1.1
Kannada	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malayalam	390	210	185	1.0	1.2	0.9
Tamil	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	45	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,545	1,905	1,635	9.4	10.5	8.4
Albanian	130	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	250	120	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	245	115	130	0.7	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	160	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	270	125	145	0.7	0.7	0.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,170	1,300	870	5.8	7.2	4.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,970	1,205	765	5.2	6.6	3.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	170	125	40	0.5	0.7	0.2
Gujarati	235	180	50	0.6	1.0	0.3
Hindi	1,060	675	385	2.8	3.7	2.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	160	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	865	520	340	2.3	2.9	1.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Urdu	120	70	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	40	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian languages	200	95	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	200	95	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	165	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	780	345	435	2.1	1.9	2.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	60	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Portuguese	165	60	100	0.4	0.3	0.5
Romanian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	555	245	310	1.5	1.4	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	25	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japanese	150	60	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	200	140	60	0.5	0.8	0.3
Akan (Twi)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sign languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,900	955	950	5.1	5.3	4.9
Chinese languages	1,835	925	915	4.9	5.1	4.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,750	875	880	4.7	4.8	4.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	230	130	100	0.6	0.7	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,600	18,130	19,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	750	370	375	2.0	2.0	1.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	715	355	360	1.9	2.0	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	505	245	255	1.3	1.4	1.3
Métis	170	80	85	0.5	0.4	0.4
Inuk (Inuit)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	36,850	17,760	19,095	98.0	98.0	98.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,600	18,130	19,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	265	135	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	37,335	17,995	19,340	99.3	99.3	99.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,875	...	...	45.8	...	...
Renter	9,305	...	...	54.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	825	...	...	4.8	...	...
Not condominium	16,360	...	...	95.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	120	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	2,890	...	...	16.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	5,735	...	...	33.4	...	...
3 bedrooms	5,165	...	...	30.1	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,275	...	...	19.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,580	...	...	38.3	...	...
5 rooms	2,880	...	...	16.8	...	...
6 rooms	2,370	...	...	13.8	...	...
7 rooms	1,640	...	...	9.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	3,720	...	...	21.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.6	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	16,900	...	...	98.3	...	...
More than one person per room	285	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	16,360	...	...	95.2	...	...
Not suitable	820	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,580	...	...	20.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,030	...	...	29.3	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,305	...	...	13.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,900	...	...	11.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,010	...	...	5.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,135	...	...	6.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,160	...	...	6.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,070	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,205	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	975	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,140	...	...	53.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,025	...	...	40.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,015	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,350	...	...	7.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,555	...	...	14.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,485	...	...	14.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,740	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,015	...	...	17.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,915	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,605	...	...	9.3	...	...
85 years and over	515	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	17,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,035	...	...	76.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,045	...	...	23.7	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,700	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,380	...	...	31.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,630	...	...	21.1	...	...
Not suitable only	645	...	...	3.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	660	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	135	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	280	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	11,800	...	...	68.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	16,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,495	...	...	8.9	...	...
Not in core need	15,240	...	...	91.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,875	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	59.2	...	...	59.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	12.5	...	...	12.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,150	...	...	1,150	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,266	...	...	1,266	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	378,800	...	...	378,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,310	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	16.8	...	...	16.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.2	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.9	...	...	13.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	980	...	...	980	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,061	...	...	1,061	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	37,600	18,130	19,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	335	170	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	335	170	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	280	140	140	0.7	0.8	0.7
Métis single ancestry	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	795	335	460	2.1	1.8	2.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	785	325	460	2.1	1.8	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	590	235	350	1.6	1.3	1.8
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	145	60	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	36,470	17,625	18,845	97.0	97.2	96.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	37,600	18,130	19,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	31,110	14,610	16,500	82.7	80.6	84.7
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,200	2,605	2,595	13.8	14.4	13.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,915	12,005	13,910	68.9	66.2	71.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,490	3,520	2,970	17.3	19.4	15.3
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	37,600	18,130	19,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	29,090	13,670	15,425	77.4	75.4	79.2
Immigrants⁸¹	5,250	2,630	2,615	14.0	14.5	13.4
Before 1980	470	220	250	1.3	1.2	1.3
1980 to 1990	165	90	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
1991 to 2000	290	110	180	0.8	0.6	0.9
2001 to 2010	785	385	395	2.1	2.1	2.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,545	1,825	1,715	9.4	10.1	8.8
2011 to 2015	855	395	455	2.3	2.2	2.3
2016 to 2021	2,685	1,430	1,260	7.1	7.9	6.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,260	1,830	1,430	8.7	10.1	7.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,250	2,635	2,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	385	205	175	7.3	7.8	6.7
5 to 14 years	1,110	625	475	21.1	23.7	18.2
15 to 24 years	860	425	435	16.4	16.1	16.6
25 to 44 years	2,190	985	1,205	41.7	37.4	46.1
45 years and over	710	390	315	13.5	14.8	12.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,250	2,635	2,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	555	285	275	10.6	10.8	10.5
Brazil	30	25	10	0.6	0.9	0.4
Colombia	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.8
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	95	45	55	1.8	1.7	2.1
Mexico	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	275	130	150	5.2	4.9	5.7
Other places of birth in Americas	85	65	20	1.6	2.5	0.8
Europe	755	335	415	14.4	12.7	15.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
Croatia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
France	25	0	20	0.5	0.0	0.8
Germany	35	10	20	0.7	0.4	0.8
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.8
Netherlands	45	20	25	0.9	0.8	1.0
Poland	15	15	0	0.3	0.6	0.0
Portugal	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	65	20	45	1.2	0.8	1.7
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Ukraine	20	20	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	245	115	130	4.7	4.4	5.0
Other places of birth in Europe	180	80	100	3.4	3.0	3.8
Africa	260	140	120	5.0	5.3	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	30	20	20	0.6	0.8	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Nigeria	40	10	25	0.8	0.4	1.0
Somalia	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Other places of birth in Africa	125	80	50	2.4	3.0	1.9
Asia	3,645	1,860	1,785	69.4	70.6	68.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	110	60	55	2.1	2.3	2.1
Iraq	55	35	20	1.0	1.3	0.8
Lebanon	115	70	40	2.2	2.7	1.5
Syria⁸⁹	345	190	155	6.6	7.2	5.9
Turkey	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,030	515	520	19.6	19.5	19.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	70	55	20	1.3	2.1	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.8
Taiwan	80	40	40	1.5	1.5	1.5
Philippines	315	125	190	6.0	4.7	7.3
Viet Nam	405	200	210	7.7	7.6	8.0
Bangladesh	75	45	30	1.4	1.7	1.1
India	530	285	245	10.1	10.8	9.4
Pakistan	60	30	25	1.1	1.1	1.0
Sri Lanka	50	30	20	1.0	1.1	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	340	150	190	6.5	5.7	7.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	35	15	20	0.7	0.6	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,690	1,430	1,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	230	115	110	8.6	8.0	8.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	20	10	15	0.7	0.7	1.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	85	35	55	3.2	2.4	4.4
Mexico	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	10	20	1.3	0.7	1.6
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	55	45	10	2.0	3.1	0.8
Europe	175	80	95	6.5	5.6	7.5
France	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	10	15	0.9	0.7	1.2
Russian Federation	40	15	25	1.5	1.0	2.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	50	25	20	1.9	1.7	1.6
Other places of birth in Europe	30	15	15	1.1	1.0	1.2
Africa	125	60	70	4.6	4.2	5.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.9	1.0	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	15	20	1.1	1.0	1.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	15	10	1.1	1.0	0.8
Asia	2,135	1,160	975	79.4	81.1	77.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	35	20	15	1.3	1.4	1.2
China⁹⁰	705	370	335	26.2	25.9	26.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	40	25	15	1.5	1.7	1.2
India	425	240	185	15.8	16.8	14.7
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	0	0.6	0.0	0.0
Iraq	40	25	15	1.5	1.7	1.2
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Nepal	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	125	65	60	4.6	4.5	4.8
Saudi Arabia	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.9	1.0	0.8
Syria⁸⁹	175	105	70	6.5	7.3	5.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	25	10	20	0.9	0.7	1.6
Viet Nam	390	195	190	14.5	13.6	15.1
Other places of birth in Asia	70	40	30	2.6	2.8	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	20	10	10	0.7	0.7	0.8
Australia	10	10	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	37,600	18,130	19,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,805	4,610	4,190	23.4	25.4	21.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	3,035	1,435	1,595	8.1	7.9	8.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	25,765	12,080	13,685	68.5	66.6	70.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,780	2,410	2,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,600	1,850	1,745	75.3	76.8	73.8
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,465	805	660	30.6	33.4	27.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,135	1,045	1,085	44.7	43.4	45.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	390	160	225	8.2	6.6	9.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	755	380	380	15.8	15.8	16.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,780	2,410	2,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	515	230	285	10.8	9.5	12.1
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	220	110	115	4.6	4.6	4.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	495	270	230	10.4	11.2	9.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,525	1,795	1,730	73.7	74.5	73.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	37,600	18,130	19,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	8,190	4,385	3,800	21.8	24.2	19.5
South Asian	2,385	1,465	920	6.3	8.1	4.7
Chinese	1,890	950	945	5.0	5.2	4.9
Black	1,090	595	495	2.9	3.3	2.5
Filipino	450	170	285	1.2	0.9	1.5
Arab	855	480	375	2.3	2.6	1.9
Latin American	240	125	115	0.6	0.7	0.6
Southeast Asian	745	340	400	2.0	1.9	2.1
West Asian	225	115	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	85	15	70	0.2	0.1	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	80	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	29,415	13,745	15,665	78.2	75.8	80.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	37,600	18,130	19,470	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,595	2,245	2,345	12.2	12.4	12.0
English	7,910	3,615	4,295	21.0	19.9	22.1
Irish	10,140	4,615	5,520	27.0	25.5	28.4
Scottish	11,650	5,195	6,455	31.0	28.7	33.2
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,120	1,870	2,255	11.0	10.3	11.6
German	1,520	625	890	4.0	3.4	4.6
Chinese	1,760	885	875	4.7	4.9	4.5
Italian	450	220	230	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indian (India)	1,460	950	510	3.9	5.2	2.6
Ukrainian	300	155	145	0.8	0.9	0.7
Dutch	850	350	500	2.3	1.9	2.6
Polish	350	140	205	0.9	0.8	1.1
Québécois	60	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	700	320	380	1.9	1.8	2.0
Filipino	370	140	230	1.0	0.8	1.2
French Canadian	260	95	165	0.7	0.5	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,315	605	715	3.5	3.3	3.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	315	125	190	0.8	0.7	1.0
Métis	205	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	590	260	325	1.6	1.4	1.7
Russian	215	95	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
Norwegian	145	60	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Welsh	540	270	275	1.4	1.5	1.4
Portuguese	130	65	70	0.3	0.4	0.4
American	250	105	140	0.7	0.6	0.7
Spanish	215	130	85	0.6	0.7	0.4
Swedish	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hungarian	145	85	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Acadian	1,460	710	755	3.9	3.9	3.9
Pakistani	85	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	315	150	165	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	95	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	190	65	120	0.5	0.4	0.6
Vietnamese	515	225	290	1.4	1.2	1.5
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	345	210	135	0.9	1.2	0.7
Greek	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican	210	110	100	0.6	0.6	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	220	120	100	0.6	0.7	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lebanese	420	190	225	1.1	1.0	1.2
Iranian	120	50	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	145	65	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	205	120	90	0.5	0.7	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	140	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	135	80	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austrian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belgian	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Haitian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	215	125	85	0.6	0.7	0.4
Mexican	85	65	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	80	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Sri Lankan	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Croatian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	85	15	70	0.2	0.1	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	295	125	170	0.8	0.7	0.9
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	125	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	50	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	60	45	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Colombian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syrian	295	140	160	0.8	0.8	0.8
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Newfoundlander	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	90	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ontarian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bangladeshi	85	65	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	115	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Nigerian	105	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Armenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	60	40	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Taiwanese	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraqi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South African	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	55	40	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Palestinian	70	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	95	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	60	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	35	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	135	70	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kenyan	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Manitoban	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rwandan	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	630	260	365	1.7	1.4	1.9
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	37,600	18,130	19,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	350	165	180	0.9	0.9	0.9
Christian	21,665	9,760	11,905	57.6	53.8	61.1
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,695	1,295	1,400	7.2	7.1	7.2
Anabaptist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anglican	1,040	435	610	2.8	2.4	3.1
Baptist	1,020	455	570	2.7	2.5	2.9
Catholic	10,865	4,940	5,925	28.9	27.2	30.4
Christian Orthodox	190	95	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	55	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Latter Day Saints	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lutheran	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	105	45	60	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	270	135	135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Presbyterian	1,300	615	685	3.5	3.4	3.5
Reformed	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Church	2,525	1,035	1,490	6.7	5.7	7.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,485	645	840	3.9	3.6	4.3
Hindu	860	575	290	2.3	3.2	1.5
Jewish	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	1,260	740	520	3.4	4.1	2.7
Sikh	635	375	260	1.7	2.1	1.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	310	125	180	0.8	0.7	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	12,425	6,345	6,085	33.0	35.0	31.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	37,295	18,005	19,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	30,325	14,595	15,725	81.3	81.1	81.5
Movers	6,965	3,410	3,560	18.7	18.9	18.5
Non-migrants	4,250	2,105	2,150	11.4	11.7	11.1
Migrants	2,715	1,305	1,410	7.3	7.2	7.3
Internal migrants	2,065	995	1,070	5.5	5.5	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	800	375	425	2.1	2.1	2.2
Interprovincial migrants	1,265	620	650	3.4	3.4	3.4
External migrants	650	310	340	1.7	1.7	1.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	36,145	17,400	18,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	18,245	8,440	9,805	50.5	48.5	52.3
Movers	17,900	8,960	8,940	49.5	51.5	47.7
Non-migrants	6,785	3,325	3,460	18.8	19.1	18.5
Migrants	11,120	5,630	5,485	30.8	32.4	29.3
Internal migrants	6,100	2,910	3,185	16.9	16.7	17.0
Intraprovincial migrants	3,140	1,485	1,650	8.7	8.5	8.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,960	1,425	1,535	8.2	8.2	8.2
External migrants	5,020	2,720	2,300	13.9	15.6	12.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,470	15,485	16,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,045	2,060	1,990	12.5	13.3	11.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,420	13,420	15,000	87.5	86.7	88.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,955	8,970	9,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,235	720	525	6.5	8.0	5.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,715	8,250	9,465	93.5	92.0	94.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,725	1,860	1,860	11.5	12.0	11.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,575	4,435	4,140	26.4	28.6	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,170	9,180	10,985	62.1	59.3	64.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,135	4,735	5,400	31.2	30.6	31.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,545	1,070	475	4.8	6.9	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	780	455	325	2.4	2.9	1.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	765	615	150	2.4	4.0	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,535	3,240	4,295	23.2	20.9	25.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,055	425	630	3.2	2.7	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	10,035	4,445	5,585	30.9	28.7	32.9
Bachelor's degree	6,700	2,965	3,740	20.6	19.2	22.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	515	195	325	1.6	1.3	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	215	110	100	0.7	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	2,230	940	1,290	6.9	6.1	7.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	375	245	130	1.2	1.6	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	18,955	8,970	9,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,135	640	495	6.0	7.1	5.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,085	2,180	1,910	21.6	24.3	19.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,735	6,150	7,585	72.5	68.6	76.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,195	2,910	3,285	32.7	32.4	32.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	905	650	260	4.8	7.2	2.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	450	280	170	2.4	3.1	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	455	370	85	2.4	4.1	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,680	2,010	2,670	24.7	22.4	26.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	600	250	355	3.2	2.8	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,540	3,245	4,300	39.8	36.2	43.1
Bachelor's degree	4,955	2,165	2,785	26.1	24.1	27.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	350	110	240	1.8	1.2	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	85	95	1.0	0.9	1.0
Master's degree	1,775	715	1,060	9.4	8.0	10.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	280	165	115	1.5	1.8	1.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	12,300	6,295	6,000	37.9	40.7	35.3
Education	1,490	375	1,115	4.6	2.4	6.6
13. Education	1,490	375	1,115	4.6	2.4	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	555	215	340	1.7	1.4	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	540	205	335	1.7	1.3	2.0
Humanities	1,205	510	700	3.7	3.3	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	0	70	0.2	0.0	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	355	115	240	1.1	0.7	1.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	270	110	165	0.8	0.7	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	130	65	60	0.4	0.4	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	50	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	195	125	70	0.6	0.8	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,305	715	1,590	7.1	4.6	9.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	270	105	170	0.8	0.7	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	390	20	370	1.2	0.1	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	365	120	245	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	530	125	400	1.6	0.8	2.4
45. Social sciences	650	330	315	2.0	2.1	1.9
Business, management and public administration	5,210	2,115	3,090	16.0	13.7	18.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	365	95	270	1.1	0.6	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	4,840	2,020	2,820	14.9	13.0	16.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,110	510	600	3.4	3.3	3.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	620	305	320	1.9	2.0	1.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	255	80	175	0.8	0.5	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	205	115	90	0.6	0.7	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,155	825	330	3.6	5.3	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,015	755	260	3.1	4.9	1.5
25. Library science	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	90	60	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,830	2,555	280	8.7	16.5	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	130	70	60	0.4	0.5	0.4
14. Engineering	705	600	105	2.2	3.9	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	650	575	75	2.0	3.7	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	705	700	10	2.2	4.5	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	455	435	15	1.4	2.8	0.1
48. Precision production	185	175	15	0.6	1.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	495	270	230	1.5	1.7	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	350	180	175	1.1	1.2	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	145	95	50	0.4	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	2,820	520	2,295	8.7	3.4	13.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	100	80	0.5	0.6	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,570	370	2,195	7.9	2.4	12.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	75	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	985	565	420	3.0	3.6	2.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	580	215	365	1.8	1.4	2.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
43. Security and protective services	205	165	40	0.6	1.1	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	175	175	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	18,960	8,970	9,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,220	2,815	2,405	27.5	31.4	24.1
Education	940	210	725	5.0	2.3	7.3
13. Education	940	210	725	5.0	2.3	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	355	145	210	1.9	1.6	2.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	340	135	200	1.8	1.5	2.0
Humanities	825	325	495	4.4	3.6	5.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	60	0	55	0.3	0.0	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	265	85	180	1.4	0.9	1.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	185	75	110	1.0	0.8	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
39. Theology and religious vocations	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
54. History	120	75	45	0.6	0.8	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,685	505	1,180	8.9	5.6	11.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	50	15	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	215	80	130	1.1	0.9	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	250	10	240	1.3	0.1	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	250	60	190	1.3	0.7	1.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	430	105	330	2.3	1.2	3.3
45. Social sciences	475	245	235	2.5	2.7	2.4
Business, management and public administration	3,510	1,400	2,110	18.5	15.6	21.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	255	80	175	1.3	0.9	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,245	1,310	1,930	17.1	14.6	19.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	715	325	390	3.8	3.6	3.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	410	190	215	2.2	2.1	2.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	45	100	0.7	0.5	1.0
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	145	85	65	0.8	0.9	0.7
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	775	565	215	4.1	6.3	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	695	520	170	3.7	5.8	1.7
25. Library science	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,875	1,660	215	9.9	18.5	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	85	35	45	0.4	0.4	0.5
14. Engineering	560	480	85	3.0	5.4	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	410	355	55	2.2	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	455	445	0	2.4	5.0	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	265	250	15	1.4	2.8	0.2
48. Precision production	105	95	10	0.6	1.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	320	150	170	1.7	1.7	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	220	85	135	1.2	0.9	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	100	65	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Health and related fields	2,030	440	1,585	10.7	4.9	15.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	125	80	45	0.7	0.9	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,855	335	1,520	9.8	3.7	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	695	415	280	3.7	4.6	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	405	160	245	2.1	1.8	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	155	125	30	0.8	1.4	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	130	125	0	0.7	1.4	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	18,960	8,970	9,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,220	2,815	2,405	27.5	31.4	24.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	13,730	6,150	7,585	72.4	68.6	75.9
Location of study inside Canada	11,040	4,865	6,180	58.2	54.2	61.9
Same as province or territory of residence	7,185	3,120	4,065	37.9	34.8	40.7
Different than province or territory of residence	3,855	1,745	2,110	20.3	19.5	21.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,695	1,285	1,405	14.2	14.3	14.1
Americas	385	185	200	2.0	2.1	2.0
United States of America	205	100	105	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mexico	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	40	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Brazil	50	20	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Europe	285	140	145	1.5	1.6	1.5
Belgium	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
France	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	105	70	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	80	45	30	0.4	0.5	0.3
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asia	1,910	895	1,015	10.1	10.0	10.2
Iran⁸⁸	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	45	25	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Turkey	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	610	280	330	3.2	3.1	3.3
Taiwan	40	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	25	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japan	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Philippines	220	80	145	1.2	0.9	1.5
Viet Nam	190	85	105	1.0	0.9	1.1
Bangladesh	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	460	250	205	2.4	2.8	2.1
Pakistan	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	80	20	55	0.4	0.2	0.6
Oceania	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	32,470	15,480	16,990	...	...	...
In the labour force	21,150	10,745	10,410	...	...	...
Employed	19,105	9,630	9,470	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,050	1,110	940	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	11,315	4,740	6,575	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.1	69.4	61.3	65.1	69.4	61.3
Employment rate	58.8	62.2	55.7	58.8	62.2	55.7
Unemployment rate	9.7	10.3	9.0	9.7	10.3	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	32,465	15,480	16,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	11,535	4,950	6,595	35.5	32.0	38.8
Worked	20,930	10,535	10,395	64.5	68.1	61.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,740	5,645	5,090	33.1	36.5	30.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,195	4,890	5,305	31.4	31.6	31.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	40.8	40.2	40.5	40.8	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	21,155	10,740	10,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	490	240	240	2.3	2.2	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,665	10,495	10,170	97.7	97.7	97.6
Employee	18,625	9,240	9,390	88.0	86.0	90.2
Permanent position	14,065	7,020	7,045	66.5	65.4	67.6
Temporary position	4,560	2,225	2,340	21.6	20.7	22.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,450	665	785	6.9	6.2	7.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,110	1,555	1,555	14.7	14.5	14.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,045	1,260	785	9.7	11.7	7.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	21,155	10,740	10,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	490	240	240	2.3	2.2	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,665	10,495	10,170	97.7	97.7	97.6
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	205	120	80	1.0	1.1	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	3,250	1,105	2,145	15.4	10.3	20.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,725	1,325	400	8.2	12.3	3.8
3 Health occupations	1,745	355	1,385	8.2	3.3	13.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,010	965	2,045	14.2	9.0	19.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	710	355	355	3.4	3.3	3.4
6 Sales and service occupations	6,445	3,085	3,355	30.5	28.7	32.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,520	2,340	180	11.9	21.8	1.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	450	365	85	2.1	3.4	0.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	615	475	140	2.9	4.4	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	21,155	10,740	10,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	490	240	240	2.3	2.2	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	20,665	10,495	10,170	97.7	97.7	97.6
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	365	290	75	1.7	2.7	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
22 Utilities	115	75	35	0.5	0.7	0.3
23 Construction	1,185	1,095	95	5.6	10.2	0.9
31-33 Manufacturing	1,095	805	300	5.2	7.5	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	280	220	60	1.3	2.0	0.6
44-45 Retail trade	2,785	1,395	1,385	13.2	13.0	13.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	615	510	105	2.9	4.7	1.0
51 Information and cultural industries	300	175	125	1.4	1.6	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	665	280	385	3.1	2.6	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	355	215	140	1.7	2.0	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,545	920	625	7.3	8.6	6.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	985	595	390	4.7	5.5	3.7
61 Educational services	1,735	595	1,140	8.2	5.5	10.9
62 Health care and social assistance	2,775	575	2,205	13.1	5.4	21.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	550	310	235	2.6	2.9	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	2,025	1,010	1,015	9.6	9.4	9.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	840	295	550	4.0	2.7	5.3
91 Public administration	2,400	1,110	1,290	11.3	10.3	12.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	22,720	11,460	11,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,295	10,820	10,470	93.7	94.4	93.0
French	120	30	95	0.5	0.3	0.8
Non-official language	165	85	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	165	85	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	670	295	370	2.9	2.6	3.3
English and non-official language(s)	460	225	230	2.0	2.0	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	22,720	11,460	11,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,580	11,385	11,190	99.4	99.3	99.4
Official languages	22,285	11,240	11,045	98.1	98.1	98.1
English	22,040	11,150	10,890	97.0	97.3	96.7
French	245	90	155	1.1	0.8	1.4
Non-official languages	290	150	145	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	290	150	145	1.3	1.3	1.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	95	120	0.9	0.8	1.1
Chinese languages	210	85	120	0.9	0.7	1.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	190	80	110	0.8	0.7	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	140	75	65	0.6	0.7	0.6
English and French	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	85	45	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	22,720	11,460	11,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	21,700	11,000	10,700	95.5	96.0	95.0
English	240	120	115	1.1	1.0	1.0
French	495	210	280	2.2	1.8	2.5
Non-official language	230	115	115	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Non-Indigenous	215	105	110	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	19,105	9,630	9,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,005	1,505	1,495	15.7	15.6	15.8
Worked outside Canada	65	45	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
No fixed workplace address	1,955	1,445	505	10.2	15.0	5.3
Usual place of work	14,080	6,635	7,445	73.7	68.9	78.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,080	6,635	7,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	11,680	5,295	6,390	83.0	79.8	85.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,325	695	630	9.4	10.5	8.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	610	415	195	4.3	6.3	2.6
Commute to a different province or territory	460	230	235	3.3	3.5	3.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	16,035	8,080	7,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	13,530	6,935	6,595	84.4	85.8	83.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,085	6,410	5,675	75.4	79.3	71.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,440	525	915	9.0	6.5	11.5
Public transit	635	280	360	4.0	3.5	4.5
Walked	1,520	715	795	9.5	8.8	10.0
Bicycle	90	50	40	0.6	0.6	0.5
Other method	265	105	160	1.7	1.3	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	16,035	8,080	7,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	10,195	4,780	5,410	63.6	59.2	68.1
15 to 29 minutes	4,180	2,165	2,020	26.1	26.8	25.4
30 to 44 minutes	925	620	310	5.8	7.7	3.9
45 to 59 minutes	445	320	125	2.8	4.0	1.6
60 minutes and over	285	195	85	1.8	2.4	1.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	16,035	8,080	7,950	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	575	345	235	3.6	4.3	3.0
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,965	1,145	825	12.3	14.2	10.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,810	2,500	2,310	30.0	30.9	29.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,140	1,785	2,355	25.8	22.1	29.6
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,250	1,105	1,145	14.0	13.7	14.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,290	1,205	1,085	14.3	14.9	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	6,445	3,315	3,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	515	240	275	8.0	7.2	8.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,935	3,075	2,855	92.1	92.8	91.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	4,840	2,480	2,360	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	405	180	225	8.4	7.3	9.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	250	105	145	5.2	4.2	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	155	75	80	3.2	3.0	3.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,440	2,300	2,135	91.7	92.7	90.5

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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