Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CardiganMore information: Prince Edward Island [Federal electoral district (2023 Representation Order)]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	..	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	..	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	..	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	..	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	..	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	39,230	19,340	19,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,585	3,380	3,205	16.8	17.5	16.1
0 to 4 years	1,885	970	915	4.8	5.0	4.6
5 to 9 years	2,285	1,215	1,070	5.8	6.3	5.4
10 to 14 years	2,415	1,195	1,220	6.2	6.2	6.1
15 to 64 years	24,535	12,150	12,390	62.5	62.8	62.3
15 to 19 years	2,200	1,130	1,070	5.6	5.8	5.4
20 to 24 years	2,230	1,160	1,070	5.7	6.0	5.4
25 to 29 years	2,240	1,145	1,090	5.7	5.9	5.5
30 to 34 years	2,300	1,080	1,220	5.9	5.6	6.1
35 to 39 years	2,390	1,145	1,245	6.1	5.9	6.3
40 to 44 years	2,385	1,205	1,185	6.1	6.2	6.0
45 to 49 years	2,440	1,195	1,245	6.2	6.2	6.3
50 to 54 years	2,530	1,225	1,300	6.4	6.3	6.5
55 to 59 years	2,945	1,470	1,475	7.5	7.6	7.4
60 to 64 years	2,870	1,385	1,490	7.3	7.2	7.5
65 years and over	8,115	3,810	4,300	20.7	19.7	21.6
65 to 69 years	2,690	1,275	1,415	6.9	6.6	7.1
70 to 74 years	2,400	1,185	1,215	6.1	6.1	6.1
75 to 79 years	1,465	705	755	3.7	3.6	3.8
80 to 84 years	840	375	460	2.1	1.9	2.3
85 years and over	720	270	455	1.8	1.4	2.3
85 to 89 years	475	190	285	1.2	1.0	1.4
90 to 94 years	180	60	125	0.5	0.3	0.6
95 to 99 years	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	16.8	17.5	16.1	16.8	17.5	16.1
15 to 64 years	62.5	62.8	62.3	62.5	62.8	62.3
65 years and over	20.7	19.7	21.6	20.7	19.7	21.6
85 years and over	1.8	1.4	2.3	1.8	1.4	2.3
Average age of the population	42.5	41.7	43.3	42.5	41.7	43.3
Median age of the population	43.6	42.8	44.4	43.6	42.8	44.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	15,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,430	...	...	79.1	...	...
Semi-detached house	625	...	...	4.0	...	...
Row house	340	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	125	...	...	0.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,395	...	...	8.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	745	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	15,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	4,165	...	...	26.5	...	...
2 persons	6,025	...	...	38.4	...	...
3 persons	2,340	...	...	14.9	...	...
4 persons	1,975	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,205	...	...	7.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	37,730	18,570	19,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	32,645	15,960	16,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	19,485	9,760	9,720	59.7	61.2	58.2
Married	16,290	8,160	8,130	49.9	51.1	48.7
Living common-law	3,200	1,600	1,595	9.8	10.0	9.6
Living common law - Never married	2,270	1,125	1,145	7.0	7.0	6.9
Living common law - Separated	185	90	90	0.6	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	660	350	315	2.0	2.2	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	90	35	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	13,160	6,195	6,965	40.3	38.8	41.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,665	4,720	3,945	26.5	29.6	23.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	875	360	510	2.7	2.3	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,675	700	975	5.1	4.4	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,945	410	1,530	6.0	2.6	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	11,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,140	...	...	54.7	...	...
3 persons	2,265	...	...	20.2	...	...
4 persons	1,830	...	...	16.3	...	...
5 or more persons	1,000	...	...	8.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	11,235	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	9,555	...	...	85.0	...	...
Married couples	7,955	...	...	70.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,800	...	...	33.8	...	...
Without children	4,155	...	...	37.0	...	...
Common-law couples	1,600	...	...	14.2	...	...
With children⁶	660	...	...	5.9	...	...
Without children	940	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,685	...	...	15.0	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,280	...	...	11.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	405	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	37,730	18,570	19,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	31,810	15,790	16,020	84.3	85.0	83.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	19,105	9,550	9,560	50.6	51.4	49.9
Parents in one-parent families	1,685	405	1,280	4.5	2.2	6.7
Children⁶	11,020	5,835	5,185	29.2	31.4	27.1
In a two-parent family	8,455	4,445	4,010	22.4	23.9	20.9
In a one-parent family	2,570	1,385	1,175	6.8	7.5	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,925	2,785	3,140	15.7	15.0	16.4
Living alone	4,165	1,840	2,325	11.0	9.9	12.1
Living with other relatives⁷	610	265	345	1.6	1.4	1.8
Living with non-relatives only	1,145	675	470	3.0	3.6	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	15,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	10,345	...	...	65.8	...	...
Couple-family households	8,965	...	...	57.1	...	...
With children⁶	4,195	...	...	26.7	...	...
Without children	4,775	...	...	30.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,375	...	...	8.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	280	...	...	1.8	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	350	...	...	2.2	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	515	...	...	3.3	...	...
One-person households	4,170	...	...	26.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	31,175	15,205	15,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,195	14,700	15,495	96.9	96.7	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	42,400	37,200	39,600	42,400	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,240	14,720	15,520	97.0	96.8	97.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	36,800	33,200	34,800	36,800	33,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,370	13,515	13,855	87.8	88.9	86.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	34,000	27,400	30,600	34,000	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,610	11,520	11,090	72.5	75.8	69.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,200	33,200	29,200	31,200	33,200	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,480	11,310	13,170	78.5	74.4	82.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,300	13,900	13,000	13,300	13,900	13,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,305	4,015	3,290	23.4	26.4	20.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	10,200	7,750	9,000	10,200	7,750
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,375	3,565	3,805	23.7	23.4	23.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,000	6,500	7,500	7,000	6,500	7,500
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	31,165	15,175	15,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,215	14,640	15,575	97.0	96.5	97.4
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,680	52,550	43,120	47,680	52,550	43,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	30,255	14,660	15,590	97.1	96.6	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,760	43,120	36,600	39,760	43,120	36,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,430	13,405	14,030	88.0	88.3	87.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	46,400	35,240	40,680	46,400	35,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,575	11,530	11,045	72.4	76.0	69.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	43,400	35,640	39,600	43,400	35,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,380	11,185	13,200	78.2	73.7	82.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,320	13,180	13,440	13,320	13,180	13,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,265	3,825	3,445	23.3	25.2	21.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,190	11,040	9,250	10,190	11,040	9,250
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,120	3,410	3,710	22.8	22.5	23.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,070	7,900	8,230	8,070	7,900	8,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	31,165	15,175	15,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,135	5,275	4,865	32.5	34.8	30.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	56,800	52,000	54,400	56,800	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	61,800	66,300	56,900	61,800	66,300	56,900
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	10,030	5,005	5,020	32.2	33.0	31.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,200	19,600	15,000	17,200	19,600	15,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,700	26,800	20,620	23,700	26,800	20,620
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	77.4	80.8	73.6	77.4	80.8	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	62.0	65.0	58.6	62.0	65.0	58.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.5	19.2	26.4	22.5	19.2	26.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.1	5.5	4.7	5.1	5.5	4.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	4.1	5.7	4.8	4.1	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.5	4.5	4.0	3.5	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	31,175	15,205	15,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	990	510	475	3.2	3.4	3.0
With total income	30,195	14,700	15,495	96.8	96.6	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,125	980	1,145	7.0	6.6	7.4
$10,000 to $19,999	3,430	1,480	1,950	11.4	10.1	12.6
$20,000 to $29,999	4,945	2,165	2,785	16.4	14.7	18.0
$30,000 to $39,999	4,730	2,185	2,550	15.7	14.9	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	4,215	2,030	2,180	14.0	13.8	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	3,215	1,625	1,590	10.7	11.1	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,190	1,210	985	7.3	8.2	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,575	865	710	5.2	5.9	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	1,100	545	555	3.7	3.7	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	775	370	405	2.6	2.5	2.6
$100,000 and over	1,885	1,245	640	6.2	8.4	4.1
$100,000 to $149,999	1,300	820	485	4.3	5.6	3.1
$150,000 and over	575	420	155	1.9	2.9	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	31,175	15,205	15,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	940	485	450	3.0	3.2	2.8
With after-tax income	30,245	14,720	15,520	97.0	96.8	97.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,305	1,045	1,260	7.6	7.1	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,695	1,615	2,085	12.2	11.0	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	6,090	2,745	3,345	20.1	18.6	21.6
$30,000 to $39,999	5,930	2,860	3,065	19.6	19.4	19.7
$40,000 to $49,999	4,550	2,220	2,325	15.0	15.1	15.0
$50,000 to $59,999	2,985	1,610	1,375	9.9	10.9	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,780	915	870	5.9	6.2	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	1,165	575	585	3.9	3.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	575	325	245	1.9	2.2	1.6
$90,000 to $99,999	345	225	120	1.2	1.5	0.8
$100,000 and over	820	580	245	2.7	3.9	1.6
$100,000 to $124,999	410	280	130	1.4	1.9	0.9
$125,000 and over	410	300	105	1.4	2.0	0.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	31,175	15,205	15,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,570	3,685	4,885	27.5	24.3	30.6
With employment income	22,610	11,520	11,090	72.5	75.7	69.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,970	1,435	1,535	13.1	12.5	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	2,055	905	1,150	9.1	7.9	10.4
$10,000 to $19,999	3,490	1,750	1,735	15.4	15.2	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	2,510	1,285	1,225	11.1	11.2	11.0
$30,000 to $39,999	2,465	1,215	1,250	10.9	10.5	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	2,240	1,100	1,135	9.9	9.5	10.2
$50,000 to $59,999	1,800	975	830	8.0	8.4	7.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,360	755	600	6.0	6.6	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,040	540	495	4.6	4.7	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	795	365	430	3.5	3.2	3.9
$90,000 to $99,999	590	305	285	2.6	2.7	2.6
$100,000 and over	1,295	885	410	5.7	7.7	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	645	405	240	2.9	3.6	2.1
$125,000 and over	655	475	175	2.9	4.2	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	31,175	15,205	15,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,760	14,480	15,280	95.5	95.2	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	41,600	34,800	38,000	41,600	34,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,780	14,485	15,300	95.5	95.3	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	36,000	31,200	33,600	36,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,235	13,455	13,785	87.4	88.5	86.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	35,200	28,200	31,400	35,200	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,925	11,625	11,300	73.5	76.5	70.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,600	34,000	29,200	31,600	34,000	29,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	22,350	10,140	12,210	71.7	66.7	76.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,500	11,300	10,000	10,500	11,300	10,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	7,205	3,985	3,215	23.1	26.2	20.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,900	8,300	9,200	9,900	8,300
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	31,165	15,175	15,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,745	14,400	15,345	95.4	94.9	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,640	50,800	40,800	45,640	50,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,770	14,400	15,375	95.5	94.9	96.1
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,800	41,160	34,680	37,800	41,160	34,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,260	13,365	13,890	87.5	88.1	86.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,880	46,440	35,520	40,880	46,440	35,520
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,975	11,665	11,310	73.7	76.9	70.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,800	44,320	35,160	39,800	44,320	35,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	22,255	9,975	12,285	71.4	65.7	76.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,940	11,080	10,830	10,940	11,080	10,830
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,950	3,770	3,185	22.3	24.8	19.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,130	10,660	9,500	10,130	10,660	9,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	31,165	15,175	15,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	10,060	5,220	4,845	32.3	34.4	30.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	51,200	54,400	48,400	51,200	54,400	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	58,050	62,500	53,300	58,050	62,500	53,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	9,575	4,820	4,760	30.7	31.8	29.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,800	24,000	18,400	20,800	24,000	18,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,160	33,680	24,600	29,160	33,680	24,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	84.8	78.8	82.0	84.8	78.8
Employment income (%)	67.4	70.8	63.5	67.4	70.8	63.5
Government transfers (%)	17.9	15.1	21.2	17.9	15.1	21.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	5.2	5.5	4.8	5.2	5.5	4.8
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	15,715	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	4,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	32,800	...	...	32,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	11,545	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	15,720	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,700	...	...	91,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	4,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,640	...	...	42,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,240	...	...	36,240	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	11,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,200	...	...	109,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	15,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	160	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	70	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	170	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	250	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	805	...	...	5.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	530	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	620	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	730	...	...	4.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	635	...	...	4.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	645	...	...	4.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,235	...	...	7.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,165	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,175	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,120	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	960	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,435	...	...	34.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,930	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,320	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,325	...	...	8.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	865	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	15,710	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	175	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	180	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	275	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	875	...	...	5.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	670	...	...	4.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	770	...	...	4.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	845	...	...	5.4	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	780	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	740	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,445	...	...	9.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,485	...	...	9.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,360	...	...	8.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,185	...	...	7.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,020	...	...	6.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,825	...	...	24.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,745	...	...	11.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	975	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,100	...	...	7.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	11,170	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	4,840	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,565	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	5,310	2,515	2,795	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	36,000	34,800	35,600	36,000	34,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	31,800	31,800	31,600	31,800	31,800	31,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	11,155	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...	90,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,850	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,900	...	...	81,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,200	...	...	134,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,520	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,100	...	...	63,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	5,340	2,415	2,920	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,600	42,720	40,680	41,600	42,720	40,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,480	36,240	34,920	35,480	36,240	34,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	37,730	18,570	19,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,855	4,035	3,820	20.8	21.7	19.9
0 to 5 years	2,335	1,230	1,100	6.2	6.6	5.7
18 to 64 years	22,120	10,845	11,280	58.6	58.4	58.9
65 years and over	7,755	3,685	4,070	20.6	19.8	21.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,840	2,260	2,585	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,105	545	560	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	325	170	150	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,280	1,100	1,180	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,460	610	845	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.2	13.5	12.8	12.2	13.5
0 to 17 years (%)	14.0	13.6	14.6	14.0	13.6	14.6
0 to 5 years (%)	13.8	13.9	13.6	13.8	13.9	13.6
18 to 64 years (%)	10.3	10.1	10.4	10.3	10.1	10.4
65 years and over (%)	18.8	16.6	20.8	18.8	16.6	20.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	37,480	18,450	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,760	3,990	3,765	20.7	21.6	19.8
0 to 5 years	2,310	1,215	1,095	6.2	6.6	5.8
18 to 64 years	21,980	10,775	11,200	58.6	58.4	58.9
65 years and over	7,745	3,680	4,065	20.7	19.9	21.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,265	665	600	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	310	160	150	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	85	45	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	865	465	395	...	...	...
65 years and over	95	45	50	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.6	3.2	3.4	3.6	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0	4.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.8	4.0	3.6	3.8	4.0	3.6
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.3	3.6	3.9	4.3	3.6
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.3	1.2	1.2	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	37,735	18,570	19,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	21,890	10,675	11,220	58.0	57.5	58.5
In bottom decile	4,075	1,955	2,125	10.8	10.5	11.1
In second decile	4,445	2,110	2,340	11.8	11.4	12.2
In third decile	4,460	2,185	2,275	11.8	11.8	11.9
In fourth decile	4,620	2,285	2,335	12.2	12.3	12.2
In fifth decile	4,290	2,145	2,145	11.4	11.6	11.2
In top half of the distribution	15,840	7,895	7,945	42.0	42.5	41.5
In sixth decile	4,220	2,085	2,135	11.2	11.2	11.1
In seventh decile	3,810	1,890	1,920	10.1	10.2	10.0
In eighth decile	3,335	1,670	1,665	8.8	9.0	8.7
In ninth decile	2,500	1,255	1,250	6.6	6.8	6.5
In top decile	1,980	995	985	5.2	5.4	5.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	37,735	...	...	37,735	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.432	...	...	0.432	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.269	...	...	0.269	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	38,915	19,210	19,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	34,050	17,160	16,890	87.5	89.3	85.7
French only	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	4,035	1,700	2,330	10.4	8.8	11.8
Neither English nor French	800	335	470	2.1	1.7	2.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	38,915	19,210	19,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,505	18,595	18,915	96.4	96.8	96.0
French	540	260	280	1.4	1.4	1.4
English and French	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	785	320	465	2.0	1.7	2.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	38,915	19,210	19,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,485	19,000	19,485	98.9	98.9	98.9
Official languages	35,310	17,315	17,995	90.7	90.1	91.3
English	34,765	17,065	17,700	89.3	88.8	89.8
French	545	250	295	1.4	1.3	1.5
Non-official languages	3,175	1,685	1,490	8.2	8.8	7.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,165	1,685	1,480	8.1	8.8	7.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	105	60	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,020	555	465	2.6	2.9	2.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	110	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	105	50	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	440	235	205	1.1	1.2	1.0
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	265	140	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
German	250	125	120	0.6	0.7	0.6
Pennsylvania German	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	160	95	70	0.4	0.5	0.4
Afrikaans	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	130	70	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Scandinavian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	300	185	115	0.8	1.0	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	240	150	85	0.6	0.8	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	140	90	50	0.4	0.5	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Urdu	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	160	80	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	90	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,760	935	825	4.5	4.9	4.2
Chinese languages	1,750	930	820	4.5	4.8	4.2
Hakka	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,615	850	765	4.2	4.4	3.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	35	5	0.1	0.2	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	425	205	215	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	175	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	205	105	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	38,915	19,210	19,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,175	17,285	17,890	90.4	90.0	90.8
French	155	75	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,850	1,020	825	4.8	5.3	4.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,850	1,020	825	4.8	5.3	4.2
English and French	460	200	260	1.2	1.0	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,130	570	560	2.9	3.0	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	38,915	19,210	19,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,590	19,035	19,555	99.2	99.1	99.2
Official languages	36,170	17,735	18,435	92.9	92.3	93.6
English	35,965	17,640	18,325	92.4	91.8	93.0
French	205	100	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	2,420	1,295	1,120	6.2	6.7	5.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,415	1,295	1,120	6.2	6.7	5.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	535	295	235	1.4	1.5	1.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	100	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	165	85	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	145	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	25	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	125	85	0.5	0.7	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	160	105	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	115	75	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	55	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,660	880	775	4.3	4.6	3.9
Chinese languages	1,650	880	770	4.2	4.6	3.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,570	845	720	4.0	4.4	3.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	325	175	150	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	230	135	100	0.6	0.7	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	38,915	19,210	19,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	37,450	18,530	18,920	96.2	96.5	96.0
English	475	235	245	1.2	1.2	1.2
French	355	155	200	0.9	0.8	1.0
Non-official language	465	220	245	1.2	1.1	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	445	210	235	1.1	1.1	1.2
English and French	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	37,715	18,550	19,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	37,510	18,415	19,090	99.5	99.3	99.6
English	37,495	18,405	19,090	99.4	99.2	99.6
French	3,920	1,710	2,215	10.4	9.2	11.6
Non-official languages	2,945	1,490	1,450	7.8	8.0	7.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	55	15	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mi'kmaq	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,895	1,480	1,410	7.7	8.0	7.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	120	60	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	105	50	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,560	855	705	4.1	4.6	3.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	170	85	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	160	85	75	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	675	365	310	1.8	2.0	1.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	450	260	190	1.2	1.4	1.0
German	440	255	185	1.2	1.4	1.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	205	95	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	160	70	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Scandinavian languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	370	245	125	1.0	1.3	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	320	210	115	0.8	1.1	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	145	95	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	145	110	35	0.4	0.6	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	390	200	195	1.0	1.1	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	285	155	130	0.8	0.8	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	890	415	475	2.4	2.2	2.5
Chinese languages	890	415	475	2.4	2.2	2.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	840	395	445	2.2	2.1	2.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	45	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,715	18,545	19,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,050	500	560	2.8	2.7	2.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,020	485	535	2.7	2.6	2.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	685	330	350	1.8	1.8	1.8
Métis	275	130	150	0.7	0.7	0.8
Inuk (Inuit)	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	36,660	18,055	18,615	97.2	97.4	97.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	37,715	18,545	19,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	470	215	255	1.2	1.2	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	37,250	18,330	18,915	98.8	98.8	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	15,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	12,600	...	...	80.2	...	...
Renter	3,050	...	...	19.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	75	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	15,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	500	...	...	3.2	...	...
Not condominium	15,220	...	...	96.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	15,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	1,005	...	...	6.4	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,845	...	...	24.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	6,495	...	...	41.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,335	...	...	27.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	15,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	3,055	...	...	19.4	...	...
5 rooms	2,705	...	...	17.2	...	...
6 rooms	2,530	...	...	16.1	...	...
7 rooms	2,385	...	...	15.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,045	...	...	32.1	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.6	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	15,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	15,590	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	125	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	15,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	15,325	...	...	97.5	...	...
Not suitable	390	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	15,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	3,475	...	...	22.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,805	...	...	24.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,945	...	...	12.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,870	...	...	11.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,070	...	...	6.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,220	...	...	7.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,035	...	...	6.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,295	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	15,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	14,520	...	...	92.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,200	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	15,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	7,615	...	...	48.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,715	...	...	49.1	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	390	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	15,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	345	...	...	2.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,805	...	...	11.5	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,560	...	...	16.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,505	...	...	15.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,470	...	...	22.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,035	...	...	19.3	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,575	...	...	10.0	...	...
85 years and over	415	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	15,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	13,450	...	...	87.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,880	...	...	12.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,650	...	...	10.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	15,715	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,275	...	...	20.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,720	...	...	10.9	...	...
Not suitable only	345	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,020	...	...	6.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	145	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	35	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	12,445	...	...	79.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	15,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,040	...	...	6.9	...	...
Not in core need	14,065	...	...	93.1	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	12,345	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.7	...	...	53.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.9	...	...	8.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	795	...	...	795	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	995	...	...	995	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	276,000	...	...	276,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	313,200	...	...	313,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,045	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	21.3	...	...	21.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	25.9	...	...	25.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	957	...	...	957	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	70	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	230	...	...	230	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	300	...	...	300	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	37,715	18,550	19,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	510	245	265	1.4	1.3	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	510	245	265	1.4	1.3	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	450	215	235	1.2	1.2	1.2
Métis single ancestry	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit single ancestry	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,210	580	635	3.2	3.1	3.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,195	570	625	3.2	3.1	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	940	445	495	2.5	2.4	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	125	110	0.6	0.7	0.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	35,995	17,725	18,275	95.4	95.6	95.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	37,715	18,545	19,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	35,830	17,595	18,235	95.0	94.9	95.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,445	3,850	3,590	19.7	20.8	18.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	28,385	13,740	14,650	75.3	74.1	76.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,885	955	930	5.0	5.1	4.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	37,715	18,545	19,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	34,610	17,030	17,580	91.8	91.8	91.7
Immigrants⁸¹	2,485	1,180	1,310	6.6	6.4	6.8
Before 1980	635	270	365	1.7	1.5	1.9
1980 to 1990	175	75	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
1991 to 2000	190	75	110	0.5	0.4	0.6
2001 to 2010	355	185	170	0.9	1.0	0.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,130	565	565	3.0	3.0	2.9
2011 to 2015	230	125	100	0.6	0.7	0.5
2016 to 2021	900	435	465	2.4	2.3	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	620	340	280	1.6	1.8	1.5
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	2,485	1,180	1,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	310	160	145	12.5	13.6	11.1
5 to 14 years	520	255	265	20.9	21.6	20.2
15 to 24 years	340	165	175	13.7	14.0	13.4
25 to 44 years	1,000	425	575	40.2	36.0	43.9
45 years and over	315	170	145	12.7	14.4	11.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	2,485	1,180	1,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	530	215	315	21.3	18.2	24.0
Brazil	35	15	20	1.4	1.3	1.5
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.8
United States of America	380	150	225	15.3	12.7	17.2
Other places of birth in Americas	90	50	40	3.6	4.2	3.1
Europe	875	430	440	35.2	36.4	33.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	25	15	10	1.0	1.3	0.8
Croatia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	25	15	10	1.0	1.3	0.8
Germany	50	40	20	2.0	3.4	1.5
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.1
Netherlands	135	60	75	5.4	5.1	5.7
Poland	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Portugal	15	0	10	0.6	0.0	0.8
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	390	200	200	15.7	16.9	15.3
Other places of birth in Europe	170	85	85	6.8	7.2	6.5
Africa	165	90	80	6.6	7.6	6.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	15	1.4	1.3	1.1
Nigeria	55	30	25	2.2	2.5	1.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	40	30	10	1.6	2.5	0.8
Other places of birth in Africa	25	10	15	1.0	0.8	1.1
Asia	905	435	470	36.4	36.9	35.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	25	15	1.8	2.1	1.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25	1.6	1.3	1.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	445	210	235	17.9	17.8	17.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	20	0	0.8	1.7	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	15	0	15	0.6	0.0	1.1
Taiwan	30	10	25	1.2	0.8	1.9
Philippines	25	0	20	1.0	0.0	1.5
Viet Nam	40	20	20	1.6	1.7	1.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	145	85	65	5.8	7.2	5.0
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	15	10	10	0.6	0.8	0.8
Other places of birth in Asia	60	30	30	2.4	2.5	2.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10	0.8	0.8	0.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	900	435	465	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	90	35	60	10.0	8.0	12.9
Brazil	20	10	15	2.2	2.3	3.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	45	15	30	5.0	3.4	6.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	1.7	2.3	2.2
Europe	110	50	60	12.2	11.5	12.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	30	15	25	3.3	3.4	5.4
Other places of birth in Europe	50	20	25	5.6	4.6	5.4
Africa	65	35	30	7.2	8.0	6.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	25	25	5.6	5.7	5.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	635	325	310	70.6	74.7	66.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	335	165	170	37.2	37.9	36.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	10	0	1.7	2.3	0.0
India	110	65	50	12.2	14.9	10.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	1.1	2.3	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	15	0	15	1.7	0.0	3.2
Saudi Arabia	15	15	0	1.7	3.4	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	35	15	20	3.9	3.4	4.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	45	25	20	5.0	5.7	4.3
Other places of birth in Asia	20	10	15	2.2	2.3	3.2
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	37,715	18,545	19,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,385	1,635	1,755	9.0	8.8	9.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	2,530	1,270	1,255	6.7	6.8	6.5
Third generation or more¹⁰²	31,795	15,635	16,160	84.3	84.3	84.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,850	905	945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,395	715	675	75.4	79.0	71.4
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	535	285	250	28.9	31.5	26.5
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	855	435	420	46.2	48.1	44.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	355	145	210	19.2	16.0	22.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	80	40	40	4.3	4.4	4.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	0	20	1.4	0.0	2.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,850	905	945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	15	10	10	0.8	1.1	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	295	165	125	15.9	18.2	13.2
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	50	25	30	2.7	2.8	3.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	150	75	80	8.1	8.3	8.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	10	10	0	0.5	1.1	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,335	630	700	72.2	69.6	74.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	37,715	18,550	19,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,120	1,080	1,040	5.6	5.8	5.4
South Asian	445	265	175	1.2	1.4	0.9
Chinese	925	430	500	2.5	2.3	2.6
Black	230	135	95	0.6	0.7	0.5
Filipino	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Arab	120	50	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Latin American	120	65	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Asian	50	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Korean	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japanese	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	35,600	17,470	18,125	94.4	94.2	94.5
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	37,715	18,545	19,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	5,385	2,640	2,745	14.3	14.2	14.3
English	8,645	4,100	4,545	22.9	22.1	23.7
Irish	12,390	5,995	6,395	32.9	32.3	33.4
Scottish	15,860	7,690	8,165	42.1	41.5	42.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,875	2,310	2,575	12.9	12.5	13.4
German	2,115	1,010	1,095	5.6	5.4	5.7
Chinese	815	380	435	2.2	2.0	2.3
Italian	465	225	235	1.2	1.2	1.2
Indian (India)	230	120	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ukrainian	260	110	145	0.7	0.6	0.8
Dutch	1,650	810	835	4.4	4.4	4.4
Polish	280	115	165	0.7	0.6	0.9
Québécois	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	865	455	415	2.3	2.5	2.2
Filipino	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French Canadian	210	90	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,415	670	745	3.8	3.6	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	535	275	265	1.4	1.5	1.4
Métis	265	140	125	0.7	0.8	0.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	515	250	265	1.4	1.3	1.4
Russian	135	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Norwegian	205	65	140	0.5	0.4	0.7
Welsh	700	345	360	1.9	1.9	1.9
Portuguese	145	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	315	125	190	0.8	0.7	1.0
Spanish	130	60	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Swedish	125	45	80	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hungarian	55	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Acadian	1,260	595	665	3.3	3.2	3.5
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	95	55	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	60	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Vietnamese	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	90	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	70	45	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanese	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	190	85	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	205	95	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	225	95	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
Sikh	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belgian	160	70	80	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss	260	155	105	0.7	0.8	0.5
Finnish	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Sri Lankan	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Croatian	45	40	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Japanese	65	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	480	215	260	1.3	1.2	1.4
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	65	15	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	135	55	80	0.4	0.3	0.4
Hong Konger	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladeshi	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Iraqi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Australian	20	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bulgarian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	70	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	850	425	425	2.3	2.3	2.2
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	37,715	18,545	19,170	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	280	100	175	0.7	0.5	0.9
Christian	26,265	12,565	13,700	69.6	67.8	71.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,275	1,115	1,160	6.0	6.0	6.1
Anabaptist	155	105	45	0.4	0.6	0.2
Anglican	945	450	500	2.5	2.4	2.6
Baptist	1,215	535	685	3.2	2.9	3.6
Catholic	14,015	6,825	7,195	37.2	36.8	37.5
Christian Orthodox	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	210	75	135	0.6	0.4	0.7
Latter Day Saints	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lutheran	95	35	65	0.3	0.2	0.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	75	45	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	335	165	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	2,185	1,045	1,140	5.8	5.6	5.9
Reformed	105	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	2,820	1,255	1,560	7.5	6.8	8.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,715	810	905	4.5	4.4	4.7
Hindu	145	90	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Jewish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	150	80	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sikh	130	90	40	0.3	0.5	0.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	200	85	115	0.5	0.5	0.6
No religion and secular perspectives	10,460	5,505	4,960	27.7	29.7	25.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	37,395	18,380	19,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	33,615	16,535	17,085	89.9	90.0	89.9
Movers	3,780	1,845	1,935	10.1	10.0	10.2
Non-migrants	1,585	755	830	4.2	4.1	4.4
Migrants	2,195	1,090	1,105	5.9	5.9	5.8
Internal migrants	2,005	1,010	1,000	5.4	5.5	5.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,100	545	560	2.9	3.0	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	905	465	435	2.4	2.5	2.3
External migrants	190	85	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	35,810	17,590	18,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	22,470	11,085	11,390	62.7	63.0	62.5
Movers	13,335	6,510	6,830	37.2	37.0	37.5
Non-migrants	2,760	1,355	1,400	7.7	7.7	7.7
Migrants	10,580	5,150	5,430	29.5	29.3	29.8
Internal migrants	9,245	4,480	4,770	25.8	25.5	26.2
Intraprovincial migrants	5,680	2,665	3,015	15.9	15.2	16.5
Interprovincial migrants	3,565	1,815	1,755	10.0	10.3	9.6
External migrants	1,335	670	665	3.7	3.8	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,170	15,170	15,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,405	3,345	2,060	17.3	22.1	12.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,755	11,825	13,935	82.6	77.9	87.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,465	9,425	10,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,960	1,350	615	10.1	14.3	6.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	17,505	8,075	9,430	89.9	85.7	93.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,165	15,175	15,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,960	3,010	1,955	15.9	19.8	12.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	8,450	4,305	4,140	27.1	28.4	25.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,755	7,850	9,900	57.0	51.7	61.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,800	4,950	5,850	34.7	32.6	36.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,240	1,735	505	7.2	11.4	3.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,115	795	320	3.6	5.2	2.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,125	945	185	3.6	6.2	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,775	2,995	4,780	24.9	19.7	29.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	785	215	570	2.5	1.4	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,960	2,910	4,050	22.3	19.2	25.3
Bachelor's degree	4,595	1,900	2,700	14.7	12.5	16.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	435	200	240	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	205	90	120	0.7	0.6	0.8
Master's degree	1,560	625	935	5.0	4.1	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	160	95	60	0.5	0.6	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,465	9,420	10,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,740	1,160	585	8.9	12.3	5.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,750	2,645	2,105	24.4	28.1	21.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	12,975	5,620	7,360	66.7	59.7	73.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,620	3,510	4,105	39.1	37.3	40.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,450	1,165	285	7.4	12.4	2.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	705	530	175	3.6	5.6	1.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	750	635	115	3.9	6.7	1.1
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,735	2,190	3,540	29.5	23.2	35.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	430	145	280	2.2	1.5	2.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,360	2,110	3,250	27.5	22.4	32.4
Bachelor's degree	3,525	1,375	2,150	18.1	14.6	21.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	300	150	155	1.5	1.6	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	165	60	105	0.8	0.6	1.0
Master's degree	1,260	450	805	6.5	4.8	8.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	115	70	45	0.6	0.7	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,165	15,175	15,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	13,410	7,315	6,090	43.0	48.2	38.1
Education	1,295	345	950	4.2	2.3	5.9
13. Education	1,295	345	950	4.2	2.3	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	430	215	220	1.4	1.4	1.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	35	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	380	175	205	1.2	1.2	1.3
Humanities	860	405	450	2.8	2.7	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	160	75	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	175	55	115	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	85	55	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	55	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	205	135	70	0.7	0.9	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,745	525	1,220	5.6	3.5	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	155	60	100	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	430	30	395	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	250	65	185	0.8	0.4	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	340	95	250	1.1	0.6	1.6
45. Social sciences	530	265	265	1.7	1.7	1.7
Business, management and public administration	3,985	1,250	2,730	12.8	8.2	17.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	415	50	360	1.3	0.3	2.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,555	1,200	2,360	11.4	7.9	14.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	645	275	370	2.1	1.8	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	335	135	200	1.1	0.9	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	170	65	105	0.5	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	110	65	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	615	405	215	2.0	2.7	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	555	390	165	1.8	2.6	1.0
25. Library science	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,335	3,115	220	10.7	20.5	1.4
04. Architecture and related services	50	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	395	335	60	1.3	2.2	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	555	495	65	1.8	3.3	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,085	1,055	35	3.5	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	720	720	0	2.3	4.7	0.0
48. Precision production	525	485	35	1.7	3.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	665	365	300	2.1	2.4	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	495	265	235	1.6	1.7	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	170	100	70	0.5	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	3,140	395	2,745	10.1	2.6	17.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	100	85	0.6	0.7	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,915	285	2,630	9.4	1.9	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,035	565	470	3.3	3.7	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	540	125	415	1.7	0.8	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	160	130	35	0.5	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	320	295	25	1.0	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,465	9,425	10,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,490	3,805	2,685	33.3	40.4	26.7
Education	800	225	575	4.1	2.4	5.7
13. Education	800	225	575	4.1	2.4	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	345	165	185	1.8	1.8	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	35	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	300	130	170	1.5	1.4	1.7
Humanities	560	250	315	2.9	2.7	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	120	50	70	0.6	0.5	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	125	35	90	0.6	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	130	80	50	0.7	0.8	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,350	340	1,010	6.9	3.6	10.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	30	80	0.5	0.3	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	340	15	320	1.7	0.2	3.2
22. Legal professions and studies	235	60	175	1.2	0.6	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
42. Psychology	260	70	190	1.3	0.7	1.9
45. Social sciences	385	165	220	2.0	1.8	2.2
Business, management and public administration	2,995	905	2,085	15.4	9.6	20.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
44. Public administration and social service professions	315	40	275	1.6	0.4	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,670	865	1,795	13.7	9.2	17.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	455	175	280	2.3	1.9	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	240	100	145	1.2	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	45	95	0.7	0.5	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	55	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	520	340	180	2.7	3.6	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	480	330	150	2.5	3.5	1.5
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,405	2,210	190	12.4	23.4	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	320	260	55	1.6	2.8	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	400	350	55	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	785	755	30	4.0	8.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	480	480	0	2.5	5.1	0.0
48. Precision production	375	350	30	1.9	3.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	500	255	245	2.6	2.7	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	355	175	185	1.8	1.9	1.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	140	85	60	0.7	0.9	0.6
Health and related fields	2,290	325	1,965	11.8	3.4	19.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	85	55	0.7	0.9	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,110	230	1,880	10.8	2.4	18.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	760	415	340	3.9	4.4	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	395	100	300	2.0	1.1	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	130	100	30	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	225	210	15	1.2	2.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	19,465	9,425	10,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,490	3,805	2,685	33.3	40.4	26.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	12,975	5,620	7,355	66.7	59.6	73.2
Location of study inside Canada	11,695	5,010	6,685	60.1	53.2	66.6
Same as province or territory of residence	7,420	3,205	4,215	38.1	34.0	42.0
Different than province or territory of residence	4,280	1,810	2,470	22.0	19.2	24.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,280	605	670	6.6	6.4	6.7
Americas	315	150	165	1.6	1.6	1.6
United States of America	245	115	130	1.3	1.2	1.3
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	245	155	95	1.3	1.6	0.9
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	25	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	130	90	40	0.7	1.0	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	50	15	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Africa	30	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Nigeria	20	15	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	660	280	375	3.4	3.0	3.7
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	285	125	165	1.5	1.3	1.6
Taiwan	70	15	55	0.4	0.2	0.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Japan	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	145	75	65	0.7	0.8	0.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Australia	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	31,165	15,175	15,995	...	...	...
In the labour force	20,615	10,625	9,985	...	...	...
Employed	18,525	9,530	9,000	...	...	...
Unemployed	2,085	1,095	990	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	10,550	4,545	6,005	...	...	...
Participation rate	66.1	70.0	62.4	66.1	70.0	62.4
Employment rate	59.4	62.8	56.3	59.4	62.8	56.3
Unemployment rate	10.1	10.3	9.9	10.1	10.3	9.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	31,165	15,175	15,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,295	4,480	5,820	33.0	29.5	36.4
Worked	20,870	10,695	10,175	67.0	70.5	63.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,360	5,400	4,965	33.2	35.6	31.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	10,510	5,300	5,210	33.7	34.9	32.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.3	39.1	39.6	39.3	39.1	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	20,615	10,625	9,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	215	170	1.8	2.0	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	20,230	10,415	9,815	98.1	98.0	98.2
Employee	17,110	8,270	8,835	83.0	77.8	88.4
Permanent position	11,745	5,520	6,230	57.0	52.0	62.4
Temporary position	5,360	2,755	2,610	26.0	25.9	26.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	900	390	510	4.4	3.7	5.1
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,465	2,365	2,100	21.7	22.3	21.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	3,125	2,145	980	15.2	20.2	9.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	20,615	10,625	9,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	215	170	1.8	2.0	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	20,230	10,415	9,815	98.1	98.0	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	235	145	90	1.1	1.4	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,940	855	2,085	14.3	8.0	20.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,180	860	315	5.7	8.1	3.2
3 Health occupations	1,845	255	1,585	8.9	2.4	15.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,575	715	1,860	12.5	6.7	18.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	470	210	260	2.3	2.0	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	4,160	1,640	2,515	20.2	15.4	25.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,765	3,415	350	18.3	32.1	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,200	1,740	455	10.7	16.4	4.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	865	565	295	4.2	5.3	3.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	20,615	10,625	9,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	380	215	170	1.8	2.0	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	20,230	10,415	9,815	98.1	98.0	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,615	1,980	635	12.7	18.6	6.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	70	55	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
22 Utilities	85	65	25	0.4	0.6	0.3
23 Construction	1,795	1,620	175	8.7	15.2	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	1,330	890	440	6.5	8.4	4.4
41 Wholesale trade	280	200	85	1.4	1.9	0.9
44-45 Retail trade	2,000	930	1,060	9.7	8.8	10.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	780	560	220	3.8	5.3	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	180	95	85	0.9	0.9	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	400	160	245	1.9	1.5	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	180	80	100	0.9	0.8	1.0
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,075	580	495	5.2	5.5	5.0
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	565	330	235	2.7	3.1	2.4
61 Educational services	1,450	420	1,030	7.0	4.0	10.3
62 Health care and social assistance	2,830	400	2,430	13.7	3.8	24.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	430	245	195	2.1	2.3	2.0
72 Accommodation and food services	955	335	620	4.6	3.2	6.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	960	475	475	4.7	4.5	4.8
91 Public administration	2,250	1,005	1,250	10.9	9.5	12.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	22,205	11,400	10,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,315	11,000	10,315	96.0	96.5	95.5
French	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	95	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	95	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and French	405	135	270	1.8	1.2	2.5
English and non-official language(s)	320	185	135	1.4	1.6	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	22,205	11,400	10,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,055	11,305	10,750	99.3	99.2	99.5
Official languages	21,885	11,235	10,645	98.6	98.6	98.5
English	21,755	11,190	10,565	98.0	98.2	97.8
French	130	45	85	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official languages	175	70	105	0.8	0.6	1.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	175	70	105	0.8	0.6	1.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
German	35	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	35	90	0.6	0.3	0.8
Chinese languages	120	30	90	0.5	0.3	0.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	25	75	0.5	0.2	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	150	95	55	0.7	0.8	0.5
English and French	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	130	80	45	0.6	0.7	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	22,205	11,400	10,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	21,615	11,160	10,460	97.3	97.9	96.8
English	145	50	95	0.7	0.4	0.9
French	325	115	205	1.5	1.0	1.9
Non-official language	105	70	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	100	70	35	0.5	0.6	0.3
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	18,530	9,530	8,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,825	1,400	1,430	15.2	14.7	15.9
Worked outside Canada	65	40	25	0.4	0.4	0.3
No fixed workplace address	3,245	2,490	755	17.5	26.1	8.4
Usual place of work	12,390	5,605	6,790	66.9	58.8	75.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	12,395	5,605	6,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,050	1,365	1,680	24.6	24.4	24.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,920	3,030	3,895	55.8	54.1	57.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,015	1,005	1,010	16.3	17.9	14.9
Commute to a different province or territory	405	200	205	3.3	3.6	3.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,640	8,095	7,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,925	7,755	7,175	95.4	95.8	95.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,800	7,270	6,535	88.2	89.8	86.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,125	490	635	7.2	6.1	8.4
Public transit	100	55	45	0.6	0.7	0.6
Walked	350	135	215	2.2	1.7	2.8
Bicycle	25	15	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Other method	240	130	110	1.5	1.6	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,640	8,095	7,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	5,720	2,790	2,930	36.6	34.5	38.8
15 to 29 minutes	5,615	2,855	2,760	35.9	35.3	36.6
30 to 44 minutes	2,565	1,395	1,175	16.4	17.2	15.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,120	625	500	7.2	7.7	6.6
60 minutes and over	615	440	180	3.9	5.4	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,640	8,095	7,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	900	580	315	5.8	7.2	4.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,750	1,625	1,120	17.6	20.1	14.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	5,385	2,795	2,595	34.4	34.5	34.4
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,055	1,195	1,860	19.5	14.8	24.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,130	430	695	7.2	5.3	9.2
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,420	1,470	955	15.5	18.2	12.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	7,995	4,105	3,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	625	310	315	7.8	7.6	8.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,370	3,795	3,575	92.2	92.4	91.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	5,950	3,050	2,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	495	245	250	8.3	8.0	8.6
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	310	155	155	5.2	5.1	5.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	185	90	95	3.1	3.0	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,455	2,810	2,645	91.7	92.1	91.4

Symbol legend

..
not available for a specific reference period
...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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