Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Northeast Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	65,658	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	31,042	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	26,663	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	65,660	33,695	31,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,800	7,160	6,640	21.0	21.2	20.8
0 to 4 years	4,540	2,335	2,200	6.9	6.9	6.9
5 to 9 years	4,710	2,395	2,310	7.2	7.1	7.2
10 to 14 years	4,550	2,430	2,125	6.9	7.2	6.6
15 to 64 years	43,785	22,565	21,220	66.7	67.0	66.4
15 to 19 years	4,005	2,135	1,875	6.1	6.3	5.9
20 to 24 years	4,015	2,120	1,890	6.1	6.3	5.9
25 to 29 years	4,955	2,580	2,375	7.5	7.7	7.4
30 to 34 years	5,330	2,745	2,585	8.1	8.1	8.1
35 to 39 years	5,110	2,610	2,500	7.8	7.7	7.8
40 to 44 years	4,310	2,170	2,140	6.6	6.4	6.7
45 to 49 years	3,885	1,990	1,895	5.9	5.9	5.9
50 to 54 years	3,870	1,920	1,950	5.9	5.7	6.1
55 to 59 years	4,275	2,225	2,050	6.5	6.6	6.4
60 to 64 years	4,030	2,070	1,960	6.1	6.1	6.1
65 years and over	8,070	3,970	4,100	12.3	11.8	12.8
65 to 69 years	3,115	1,600	1,515	4.7	4.7	4.7
70 to 74 years	2,080	1,040	1,035	3.2	3.1	3.2
75 to 79 years	1,310	645	660	2.0	1.9	2.1
80 to 84 years	835	400	435	1.3	1.2	1.4
85 years and over	740	285	455	1.1	0.8	1.4
85 to 89 years	500	200	300	0.8	0.6	0.9
90 to 94 years	195	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	21.0	21.2	20.8	21.0	21.2	20.8
15 to 64 years	66.7	67.0	66.4	66.7	67.0	66.4
65 years and over	12.3	11.8	12.8	12.3	11.8	12.8
85 years and over	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Average age of the population	37.0	36.6	37.4	37.0	36.6	37.4
Median age of the population	35.6	35.2	36.0	35.6	35.2	36.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	26,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	16,865	...	...	63.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,425	...	...	5.3	...	...
Row house	1,560	...	...	5.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	440	...	...	1.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,285	...	...	12.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	150	...	...	0.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	35	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,900	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	7,995	...	...	30.0	...	...
2 persons	9,055	...	...	34.0	...	...
3 persons	3,975	...	...	14.9	...	...
4 persons	3,330	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,305	...	...	8.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	64,375	33,085	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	51,860	26,540	25,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	30,490	15,330	15,165	58.8	57.8	59.9
Married	23,325	11,740	11,585	45.0	44.2	45.8
Living common-law	7,170	3,590	3,580	13.8	13.5	14.1
Living common law - Never married	5,480	2,760	2,720	10.6	10.4	10.7
Living common law - Separated	380	185	200	0.7	0.7	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,185	585	595	2.3	2.2	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	125	55	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	21,365	11,210	10,155	41.2	42.2	40.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	14,715	8,590	6,125	28.4	32.4	24.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,665	760	905	3.2	2.9	3.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,855	1,380	1,475	5.5	5.2	5.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,135	480	1,650	4.1	1.8	6.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	17,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,010	...	...	51.0	...	...
3 persons	3,645	...	...	20.6	...	...
4 persons	3,125	...	...	17.7	...	...
5 or more persons	1,880	...	...	10.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	17,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	14,805	...	...	83.8	...	...
Married couples	11,225	...	...	63.5	...	...
With children⁶	5,810	...	...	32.9	...	...
Without children	5,415	...	...	30.7	...	...
Common-law couples	3,585	...	...	20.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,645	...	...	9.3	...	...
Without children	1,940	...	...	11.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,855	...	...	16.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,085	...	...	11.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	770	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	51,925	26,010	25,910	80.7	78.6	82.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	29,615	14,825	14,795	46.0	44.8	47.3
Parents in one-parent families	2,855	770	2,085	4.4	2.3	6.7
Children⁶	19,450	10,420	9,030	30.2	31.5	28.9
In a two-parent family	14,890	7,925	6,970	23.1	23.9	22.3
In a one-parent family	4,560	2,500	2,065	7.1	7.6	6.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	12,450	7,075	5,370	19.3	21.4	17.2
Living alone	7,995	4,530	3,465	12.4	13.7	11.1
Living with other relatives⁷	1,405	705	700	2.2	2.1	2.2
Living with non-relatives only	3,050	1,845	1,210	4.7	5.6	3.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	15,940	...	...	59.8	...	...
Couple-family households	13,665	...	...	51.2	...	...
With children⁶	6,935	...	...	26.0	...	...
Without children	6,730	...	...	25.2	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,270	...	...	8.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	405	...	...	1.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	110	...	...	0.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	895	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,320	...	...	5.0	...	...
One-person households	7,995	...	...	30.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	50,825	26,035	24,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,980	25,155	23,830	96.4	96.6	96.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,600	64,500	36,800	47,600	64,500	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,020	25,175	23,845	96.4	96.7	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	56,000	34,000	43,200	56,000	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,060	23,420	20,640	86.7	90.0	83.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	63,600	30,400	44,800	63,600	30,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	39,300	21,370	17,930	77.3	82.1	72.3
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	65,000	32,000	46,800	65,000	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	37,350	17,330	20,020	73.5	66.6	80.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,000	8,100	9,500	9,000	8,100	9,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,535	2,740	2,790	10.9	10.5	11.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	5,840	6,120	6,000	5,840	6,120
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,930	6,455	6,475	25.4	24.8	26.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	50,825	26,035	24,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,995	25,135	23,860	96.4	96.5	96.2
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	60,150	74,900	44,640	60,150	74,900	44,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,020	25,150	23,870	96.4	96.6	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,440	60,950	39,400	50,440	60,950	39,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,100	23,305	20,800	86.8	89.5	83.9
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,550	73,000	40,160	57,550	73,000	40,160
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	39,300	21,345	17,960	77.3	82.0	72.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,550	72,100	40,280	57,550	72,100	40,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	37,425	17,375	20,045	73.6	66.7	80.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,950	10,360	11,460	10,950	10,360	11,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,495	2,845	2,645	10.8	10.9	10.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,430	7,170	7,700	7,430	7,170	7,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,675	6,340	6,335	24.9	24.4	25.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,910	8,620	9,200	8,910	8,620	9,200
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	50,825	26,035	24,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,680	10,300	7,375	34.8	39.6	29.7
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	72,000	86,000	56,800	72,000	86,000	56,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,800	95,600	62,450	81,800	95,600	62,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,645	8,605	8,045	32.7	33.1	32.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,600	43,600	19,400	27,600	43,600	19,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	41,280	54,850	26,760	41,280	54,850	26,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	86.0	90.4	78.4	86.0	90.4	78.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.8	81.8	68.0	76.8	81.8	68.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	13.9	9.6	21.6	13.9	9.6	21.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.1	1.9	1.4	1.1	1.9
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	3.4	6.9	4.7	3.4	6.9
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	2.9	5.5	3.8	2.9	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	50,830	26,035	24,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,845	885	965	3.6	3.4	3.9
With total income	48,980	25,150	23,830	96.4	96.6	96.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,520	1,620	2,900	9.2	6.4	12.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,795	1,770	3,020	9.8	7.0	12.7
$20,000 to $29,999	6,105	2,375	3,735	12.5	9.4	15.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,390	2,085	3,305	11.0	8.3	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	4,755	1,965	2,790	9.7	7.8	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,170	1,915	2,255	8.5	7.6	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	3,495	1,800	1,690	7.1	7.2	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,845	1,785	1,060	5.8	7.1	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,530	1,705	825	5.2	6.8	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,220	1,505	710	4.5	6.0	3.0
$100,000 and over	8,150	6,620	1,530	16.6	26.3	6.4
$100,000 to $149,999	5,410	4,230	1,180	11.0	16.8	5.0
$150,000 and over	2,745	2,390	350	5.6	9.5	1.5
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	50,830	26,035	24,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,805	860	950	3.6	3.3	3.8
With after-tax income	49,020	25,175	23,845	96.4	96.7	96.2
Under $10,000 (including loss)	4,650	1,675	2,975	9.5	6.6	12.5
$10,000 to $19,999	4,970	1,830	3,135	10.1	7.3	13.1
$20,000 to $29,999	6,910	2,690	4,225	14.1	10.7	17.7
$30,000 to $39,999	6,175	2,480	3,700	12.6	9.9	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	5,460	2,395	3,065	11.1	9.5	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	4,805	2,445	2,355	9.8	9.7	9.9
$60,000 to $69,999	3,855	2,390	1,465	7.9	9.5	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,205	2,160	1,035	6.5	8.6	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	2,605	1,825	780	5.3	7.2	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,730	1,350	380	3.5	5.4	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,655	3,930	730	9.5	15.6	3.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,565	2,120	445	5.2	8.4	1.9
$125,000 and over	2,085	1,800	280	4.3	7.2	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	50,830	26,035	24,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	11,525	4,660	6,860	22.7	17.9	27.7
With employment income	39,305	21,375	17,930	77.3	82.1	72.3
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,485	1,920	2,565	11.4	9.0	14.3
$5,000 to $9,999	2,470	900	1,565	6.3	4.2	8.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,935	1,575	2,355	10.0	7.4	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	3,445	1,385	2,065	8.8	6.5	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	3,225	1,350	1,875	8.2	6.3	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,090	1,340	1,750	7.9	6.2	9.8
$50,000 to $59,999	2,930	1,435	1,495	7.5	6.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,610	1,475	1,135	6.6	6.9	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	2,365	1,550	820	6.0	7.2	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	2,020	1,420	595	5.1	6.6	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	1,835	1,275	565	4.7	6.0	3.2
$100,000 and over	6,905	5,760	1,150	17.6	26.9	6.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,950	2,285	665	7.5	10.7	3.7
$125,000 and over	3,955	3,475	480	10.1	16.3	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	50,825	26,035	24,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,765	24,555	23,210	94.0	94.3	93.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,800	66,500	33,600	46,800	66,500	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,905	24,575	23,330	94.3	94.4	94.1
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	56,800	31,000	42,000	56,800	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,860	23,340	20,520	86.3	89.6	82.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	67,000	31,800	46,400	67,000	31,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,900	21,655	18,250	78.5	83.2	73.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,200	67,000	32,800	47,200	67,000	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	28,680	11,935	16,740	56.4	45.8	67.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,960	4,840	6,500	5,960	4,840	6,500
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	4,405	2,150	2,255	8.7	8.3	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,240	5,840	6,800	6,240	5,840	6,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	50,825	26,035	24,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,700	24,455	23,245	93.9	93.9	93.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,400	77,800	42,040	60,400	77,800	42,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,855	24,475	23,385	94.2	94.0	94.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,560	62,150	36,400	49,560	62,150	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	43,860	23,180	20,680	86.3	89.0	83.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,050	77,700	40,320	60,050	77,700	40,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,875	21,445	18,430	78.5	82.4	74.3
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,900	75,800	39,200	58,900	75,800	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	28,500	11,710	16,795	56.1	45.0	67.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,600	8,680	8,550	8,600	8,680	8,550
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	4,370	2,110	2,265	8.6	8.1	9.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,710	7,270	8,130	7,710	7,270	8,130
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	50,825	26,035	24,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,580	10,225	7,355	34.6	39.3	29.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	69,000	87,000	52,800	69,000	87,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	79,700	95,600	57,650	79,700	95,600	57,650
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	15,745	8,210	7,540	31.0	31.5	30.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,200	54,400	24,600	35,200	54,400	24,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	48,600	64,900	30,880	48,600	64,900	30,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	91.4	94.6	85.4	91.4	94.6	85.4
Employment income (%)	81.6	85.4	74.0	81.6	85.4	74.0
Government transfers (%)	8.5	5.4	14.7	8.5	5.4	14.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.9	1.2	0.8	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	26,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	7,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	51,200	...	...	51,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	18,665	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	26,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	7,995	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	63,050	...	...	63,050	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	53,150	...	...	53,150	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	18,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	109,700	...	...	109,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	290	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	230	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	470	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	880	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	780	...	...	2.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	765	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	855	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	845	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	825	...	...	3.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,675	...	...	6.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,590	...	...	6.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,605	...	...	6.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,560	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,465	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,675	...	...	47.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,310	...	...	12.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,755	...	...	10.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,605	...	...	13.5	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,005	...	...	11.3	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	310	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	145	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	235	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	485	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	910	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	870	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	895	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	980	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	900	...	...	3.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,010	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,990	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,970	...	...	7.4	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,945	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,845	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,695	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,480	...	...	39.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,825	...	...	14.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,715	...	...	10.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,940	...	...	14.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	17,670	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	6,925	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	143,000	...	...	143,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,710	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,000	...	...	67,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,045	6,375	4,675	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	48,400	57,200	40,000	48,400	57,200	40,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,600	50,000	37,200	43,600	50,000	37,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	17,670	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,700	...	...	108,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	6,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	122,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,700	...	...	102,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,545	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,200	...	...	155,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,690	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,300	...	...	78,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,400	...	...	69,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,040	6,275	4,760	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,050	66,700	48,960	59,050	66,700	48,960
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	50,000	55,150	43,240	50,000	55,150	43,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,940	8,300	7,635	24.8	25.1	24.4
0 to 5 years	5,365	2,760	2,610	8.3	8.3	8.3
18 to 64 years	40,780	20,990	19,790	63.3	63.4	63.3
65 years and over	7,650	3,800	3,860	11.9	11.5	12.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	6,385	3,005	3,375	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,835	965	875	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	635	330	305	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,270	1,510	1,760	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,270	530	745	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.9	9.1	10.8	9.9	9.1	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.5	11.6	11.5	11.5	11.6	11.5
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	11.9	11.7	11.8	11.9	11.7
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	7.2	8.9	8.0	7.2	8.9
65 years and over (%)	16.6	14.0	19.2	16.6	14.0	19.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	62,845	32,265	30,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,520	8,050	7,470	24.7	24.9	24.4
0 to 5 years	5,260	2,685	2,570	8.4	8.3	8.4
18 to 64 years	39,885	20,545	19,345	63.5	63.7	63.2
65 years and over	7,445	3,675	3,770	11.8	11.4	12.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,805	925	875	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	485	245	235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	160	85	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,180	605	575	...	...	...
65 years and over	140	70	70	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1	3.1
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0
65 years and over (%)	1.9	2.0	1.9	1.9	2.0	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	28,045	13,720	14,330	43.6	41.5	45.8
In bottom decile	5,910	2,840	3,070	9.2	8.6	9.8
In second decile	5,280	2,505	2,775	8.2	7.6	8.9
In third decile	5,310	2,625	2,680	8.2	7.9	8.6
In fourth decile	5,625	2,775	2,850	8.7	8.4	9.1
In fifth decile	5,925	2,970	2,950	9.2	9.0	9.4
In top half of the distribution	36,330	19,375	16,960	56.4	58.6	54.2
In sixth decile	6,350	3,275	3,075	9.9	9.9	9.8
In seventh decile	7,060	3,695	3,370	11.0	11.2	10.8
In eighth decile	7,095	3,795	3,300	11.0	11.5	10.5
In ninth decile	7,995	4,285	3,705	12.4	12.9	11.8
In top decile	7,835	4,320	3,510	12.2	13.1	11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	64,375	...	...	64,375	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.315	...	...	0.315	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.402	...	...	0.402	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.280	...	...	0.280	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	65,275	33,555	31,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	62,240	32,165	30,075	95.4	95.9	94.8
French only	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,570	1,175	1,400	3.9	3.5	4.4
Neither English nor French	445	205	240	0.7	0.6	0.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	65,275	33,555	31,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,285	33,050	31,235	98.5	98.5	98.5
French	510	285	225	0.8	0.8	0.7
English and French	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	415	190	225	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	65,275	33,555	31,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	63,710	32,770	30,940	97.6	97.7	97.5
Official languages	56,325	29,180	27,140	86.3	87.0	85.5
English	55,760	28,875	26,885	85.4	86.1	84.7
French	560	305	260	0.9	0.9	0.8
Non-official languages	7,385	3,590	3,795	11.3	10.7	12.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	350	165	185	0.5	0.5	0.6
Algonquian languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	195	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	190	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dene, n.o.s.	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,030	3,420	3,610	10.8	10.2	11.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,415	580	825	2.2	1.7	2.6
Bikol	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,180	485	700	1.8	1.4	2.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	195	115	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	170	105	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tamil	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,750	2,400	2,355	7.3	7.2	7.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,145	580	565	1.8	1.7	1.8
Baltic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,135	575	560	1.7	1.7	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	940	485	460	1.4	1.4	1.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,235	1,095	1,140	3.4	3.3	3.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,470	715	755	2.3	2.1	2.4
German	1,395	675	720	2.1	2.0	2.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	725	360	365	1.1	1.1	1.2
Afrikaans	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Plautdietsch	485	245	245	0.7	0.7	0.8
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	975	545	430	1.5	1.6	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	945	535	410	1.4	1.6	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	625	350	280	1.0	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	380	175	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Portuguese	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	220	95	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	225	100	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	225	100	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	115	50	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	95	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,570	785	785	2.4	2.3	2.5
English and French	210	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,130	575	555	1.7	1.7	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	65,275	33,555	31,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	57,400	29,660	27,740	87.9	88.4	87.4
French	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,255	1,145	1,110	3.5	3.4	3.5
Indigenous³⁹	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	2,210	1,125	1,090	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	325	155	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	5,005	2,450	2,545	7.7	7.3	8.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	105	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	65,275	33,555	31,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	64,155	33,005	31,155	98.3	98.4	98.2
Official languages	59,860	30,815	29,040	91.7	91.8	91.5
English	59,715	30,745	28,970	91.5	91.6	91.3
French	140	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	4,300	2,185	2,110	6.6	6.5	6.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	100	50	45	0.2	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,200	2,135	2,070	6.4	6.4	6.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	785	370	415	1.2	1.1	1.3
Bikol	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	690	325	370	1.1	1.0	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	145	85	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,960	1,530	1,425	4.5	4.6	4.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	820	440	385	1.3	1.3	1.2
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	815	435	380	1.2	1.3	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	775	405	370	1.2	1.2	1.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,255	625	635	1.9	1.9	2.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	800	395	405	1.2	1.2	1.3
German	790	385	400	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	450	225	225	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plautdietsch	330	160	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	710	385	325	1.1	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	695	380	315	1.1	1.1	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	510	275	235	0.8	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	110	45	65	0.2	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	65	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,120	550	570	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,030	510	525	1.6	1.5	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	65,275	33,555	31,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	60,715	31,335	29,380	93.0	93.4	92.6
English	1,725	865	855	2.6	2.6	2.7
French	250	115	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-official language	2,040	970	1,070	3.1	2.9	3.4
Indigenous³⁹	200	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-Indigenous	1,840	870	970	2.8	2.6	3.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	260	140	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	240	105	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	64,065	32,945	31,120	99.5	99.6	99.5
English	64,055	32,945	31,115	99.5	99.6	99.5
French	2,595	1,150	1,440	4.0	3.5	4.6
Non-official languages	9,690	4,920	4,775	15.1	14.9	15.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	740	380	355	1.1	1.1	1.1
Algonquian languages	415	225	195	0.6	0.7	0.6
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	410	220	195	0.6	0.7	0.6
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	410	220	195	0.6	0.7	0.6
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	265	145	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	365	180	190	0.6	0.5	0.6
Northern Athabaskan languages	360	180	185	0.6	0.5	0.6
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	195	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dene, n.o.s.	90	50	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tahltan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,955	4,535	4,425	13.9	13.7	14.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,895	795	1,100	2.9	2.4	3.5
Bikol	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	145	55	85	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	85	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pangasinan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,825	770	1,060	2.8	2.3	3.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	290	180	115	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	250	145	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tamil	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,765	3,120	2,645	9.0	9.4	8.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,280	725	560	2.0	2.2	1.8
Baltic languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,275	715	560	2.0	2.2	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	1,020	575	450	1.6	1.7	1.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	150	95	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,670	1,375	1,295	4.1	4.2	4.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,660	865	790	2.6	2.6	2.5
German	1,570	820	745	2.4	2.5	2.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	940	480	465	1.5	1.5	1.5
Afrikaans	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	700	355	340	1.1	1.1	1.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,295	760	540	2.0	2.3	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,275	745	525	2.0	2.3	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	590	330	265	0.9	1.0	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	930	545	385	1.4	1.6	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	820	430	385	1.3	1.3	1.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	150	90	60	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	50	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	590	300	290	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	185	85	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	200	75	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	265	145	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	260	145	110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	150	85	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	160	90	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	10,355	5,230	5,125	16.1	15.8	16.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	10,085	5,105	4,980	15.7	15.4	15.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,860	2,930	2,935	9.1	8.9	9.4
Métis	4,075	2,090	1,985	6.3	6.3	6.3
Inuk (Inuit)	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	205	95	115	0.3	0.3	0.4
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	54,015	27,860	26,165	83.9	84.2	83.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,480	2,245	2,235	7.0	6.8	7.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	59,890	30,845	29,050	93.0	93.2	92.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	17,835	...	...	66.9	...	...
Renter	8,360	...	...	31.4	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	470	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,450	...	...	5.4	...	...
Not condominium	25,215	...	...	94.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	135	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	2,275	...	...	8.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,205	...	...	23.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	9,490	...	...	35.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	8,565	...	...	32.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	6,415	...	...	24.1	...	...
5 rooms	4,680	...	...	17.6	...	...
6 rooms	4,230	...	...	15.9	...	...
7 rooms	3,395	...	...	12.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	7,945	...	...	29.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	26,175	...	...	98.2	...	...
More than one person per room	495	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	25,705	...	...	96.4	...	...
Not suitable	960	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,635	...	...	9.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	9,090	...	...	34.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,770	...	...	14.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	3,590	...	...	13.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,635	...	...	6.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,225	...	...	8.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,335	...	...	8.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,385	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	24,430	...	...	91.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,230	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	14,855	...	...	55.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,890	...	...	40.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	910	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,440	...	...	5.4	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,255	...	...	19.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,335	...	...	20.0	...	...
45 to 54 years	4,545	...	...	17.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	5,090	...	...	19.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,200	...	...	12.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,355	...	...	5.1	...	...
85 years and over	440	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	25,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	21,335	...	...	85.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,765	...	...	15.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,350	...	...	13.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	26,665	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	6,455	...	...	24.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,365	...	...	12.6	...	...
Not suitable only	790	...	...	3.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,800	...	...	6.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	65	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	330	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	20,210	...	...	75.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	24,685	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,790	...	...	7.3	...	...
Not in core need	22,895	...	...	92.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,900	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	66.1	...	...	66.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,410	...	...	1,410	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	320,000	...	...	320,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	351,600	...	...	351,600	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,280	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.4	...	...	9.4	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.8	...	...	23.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,137	...	...	1,137	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	470	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	20.2	...	...	20.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	520	...	...	520	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	582	...	...	582	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	4,605	2,305	2,305	7.2	7.0	7.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	4,405	2,220	2,190	6.8	6.7	7.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	3,510	1,745	1,770	5.5	5.3	5.7
Métis single ancestry	825	445	385	1.3	1.3	1.2
Inuit single ancestry	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	195	80	110	0.3	0.2	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	185	80	100	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,130	3,055	3,070	9.5	9.2	9.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,910	2,965	2,945	9.2	9.0	9.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,940	2,030	1,910	6.1	6.1	6.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,870	880	995	2.9	2.7	3.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	100	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	225	95	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	225	95	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	53,640	27,730	25,910	83.3	83.8	82.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	60,230	30,935	29,295	93.6	93.5	93.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,515	8,030	7,480	24.1	24.3	23.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	44,715	22,905	21,810	69.5	69.2	69.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,140	2,155	1,990	6.4	6.5	6.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	57,100	29,500	27,600	88.7	89.2	88.2
Immigrants⁸¹	6,005	2,855	3,150	9.3	8.6	10.1
Before 1980	1,155	565	590	1.8	1.7	1.9
1980 to 1990	400	155	250	0.6	0.5	0.8
1991 to 2000	640	320	325	1.0	1.0	1.0
2001 to 2010	970	395	570	1.5	1.2	1.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,835	1,420	1,415	4.4	4.3	4.5
2011 to 2015	1,195	535	660	1.9	1.6	2.1
2016 to 2021	1,640	880	760	2.5	2.7	2.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,270	735	530	2.0	2.2	1.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,005	2,850	3,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	610	275	335	10.2	9.6	10.6
5 to 14 years	1,220	680	540	20.3	23.9	17.1
15 to 24 years	1,010	490	515	16.8	17.2	16.3
25 to 44 years	2,715	1,180	1,535	45.2	41.4	48.7
45 years and over	455	225	225	7.6	7.9	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,005	2,850	3,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,160	510	650	19.3	17.9	20.6
Brazil	35	15	20	0.6	0.5	0.6
Colombia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
El Salvador	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	120	60	60	2.0	2.1	1.9
Mexico	75	25	50	1.2	0.9	1.6
Peru	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	815	360	455	13.6	12.6	14.4
Other places of birth in Americas	75	25	50	1.2	0.9	1.6
Europe	1,525	770	755	25.4	27.0	24.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Germany	435	195	240	7.2	6.8	7.6
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	25	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
Poland	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
Portugal	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romania	15	10	15	0.2	0.4	0.5
Russian Federation	160	60	100	2.7	2.1	3.2
Serbia⁸⁶	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Ukraine	65	40	25	1.1	1.4	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	415	230	190	6.9	8.1	6.0
Other places of birth in Europe	280	160	125	4.7	5.6	4.0
Africa	365	185	180	6.1	6.5	5.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Morocco	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	155	75	80	2.6	2.6	2.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	45	45	1.5	1.6	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	55	25	30	0.9	0.9	1.0
Asia	2,865	1,330	1,530	47.7	46.7	48.6
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	125	60	65	2.1	2.1	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	105	50	60	1.7	1.8	1.9
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	1,625	685	940	27.1	24.0	29.8
Viet Nam	35	15	20	0.6	0.5	0.6
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	580	325	255	9.7	11.4	8.1
Pakistan	75	40	30	1.2	1.4	1.0
Sri Lanka	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	235	115	120	3.9	4.0	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	95	55	35	1.6	1.9	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,645	885	760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	225	125	95	13.7	14.1	12.5
Brazil	15	10	10	0.9	1.1	1.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	75	50	25	4.6	5.6	3.3
Mexico	20	0	20	1.2	0.0	2.6
United States of America	95	50	45	5.8	5.6	5.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	15	0	0.9	1.7	0.0
Europe	135	85	45	8.2	9.6	5.9
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	10	1.5	1.7	1.3
Ukraine	45	25	15	2.7	2.8	2.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	40	25	10	2.4	2.8	1.3
Africa	85	35	50	5.2	4.0	6.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	55	30	30	3.3	3.4	3.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	25	0	15	1.5	0.0	2.0
Asia	1,175	610	565	71.4	68.9	74.3
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	20	1.5	1.1	2.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	360	215	145	21.9	24.3	19.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.6	0.0	1.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	35	20	15	2.1	2.3	2.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	670	330	340	40.7	37.3	44.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	45	15	25	2.7	1.7	3.3
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	0	1.5	2.3	0.0
Australia	20	15	0	1.2	1.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,685	3,855	3,830	11.9	11.7	12.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,590	4,350	4,240	13.3	13.1	13.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	48,095	24,885	23,215	74.7	75.2	74.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,845	2,285	2,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,315	1,690	1,625	68.4	74.0	63.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,405	825	580	29.0	36.1	22.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,915	865	1,045	39.5	37.9	40.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,365	500	865	28.2	21.9	33.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	120	70	45	2.5	3.1	1.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	45	25	20	0.9	1.1	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,845	2,285	2,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	40	10	0.9	1.8	0.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,160	480	680	23.9	21.0	26.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	170	105	60	3.5	4.6	2.3
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	425	275	145	8.8	12.0	5.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	25	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,020	1,380	1,640	62.3	60.4	64.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,180	3,015	3,160	9.6	9.1	10.1
South Asian	1,670	975	690	2.6	2.9	2.2
Chinese	375	195	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Black	715	370	345	1.1	1.1	1.1
Filipino	2,225	910	1,315	3.5	2.8	4.2
Arab	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	215	115	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	300	100	195	0.5	0.3	0.6
West Asian	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	220	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Japanese	105	65	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	200	95	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	58,195	30,070	28,125	90.4	90.9	89.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	10,550	5,685	4,865	16.4	17.2	15.6
English	14,040	6,975	7,065	21.8	21.1	22.6
Irish	10,680	4,950	5,730	16.6	15.0	18.3
Scottish	12,040	5,935	6,100	18.7	17.9	19.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	6,275	3,110	3,170	9.7	9.4	10.1
German	11,850	6,125	5,730	18.4	18.5	18.3
Chinese	625	325	300	1.0	1.0	1.0
Italian	1,315	610	705	2.0	1.8	2.3
Indian (India)	1,060	625	440	1.6	1.9	1.4
Ukrainian	3,400	1,720	1,680	5.3	5.2	5.4
Dutch	2,610	1,320	1,290	4.1	4.0	4.1
Polish	1,530	765	765	2.4	2.3	2.4
Québécois	105	60	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,995	1,090	905	3.1	3.3	2.9
Filipino	2,150	890	1,260	3.3	2.7	4.0
French Canadian	720	350	370	1.1	1.1	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,890	930	960	2.9	2.8	3.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	2,915	1,475	1,445	4.5	4.5	4.6
Métis	3,115	1,500	1,615	4.8	4.5	5.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,435	745	690	2.2	2.3	2.2
Russian	2,285	1,260	1,025	3.5	3.8	3.3
Norwegian	3,590	1,790	1,800	5.6	5.4	5.8
Welsh	1,500	750	745	2.3	2.3	2.4
Portuguese	260	105	145	0.4	0.3	0.5
American	1,670	850	825	2.6	2.6	2.6
Spanish	310	150	160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	2,030	960	1,070	3.2	2.9	3.4
Hungarian	610	275	330	0.9	0.8	1.1
Acadian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	80	50	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	215	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	185	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	265	175	95	0.4	0.5	0.3
Vietnamese	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Greek	175	110	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Jamaican	170	100	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	305	145	160	0.5	0.4	0.5
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,130	1,055	1,080	3.3	3.2	3.5
Korean	180	95	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	360	165	200	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	310	155	155	0.5	0.5	0.5
Danish	700	295	405	1.1	0.9	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	890	460	435	1.4	1.4	1.4
Sikh	180	130	50	0.3	0.4	0.2
Austrian	465	270	195	0.7	0.8	0.6
Belgian	205	95	110	0.3	0.3	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	185	90	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	1,015	520	495	1.6	1.6	1.6
Swiss	585	305	280	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	325	130	195	0.5	0.4	0.6
Sri Lankan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	175	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	170	95	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	165	85	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	800	375	430	1.2	1.1	1.4
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	420	250	170	0.7	0.8	0.5
Colombian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	350	200	150	0.5	0.6	0.5
Syrian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ojibway	130	90	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Newfoundlander	190	115	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hong Konger	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	70	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	140	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	65	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
South African	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Australian	125	55	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	200	75	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	55	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	460	250	215	0.7	0.8	0.7
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	115	45	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nepali	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	315	150	170	0.5	0.5	0.5
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	95	55	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	65	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	130	85	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	64,375	33,090	31,285	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	130	50	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	25,445	12,150	13,295	39.5	36.7	42.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	8,830	4,340	4,495	13.7	13.1	14.4
Anabaptist	1,130	605	525	1.8	1.8	1.7
Anglican	1,410	590	825	2.2	1.8	2.6
Baptist	760	345	415	1.2	1.0	1.3
Catholic	6,905	3,420	3,485	10.7	10.3	11.1
Christian Orthodox	120	50	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	465	205	260	0.7	0.6	0.8
Latter Day Saints	215	85	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	815	375	435	1.3	1.1	1.4
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	170	85	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,085	495	595	1.7	1.5	1.9
Presbyterian	285	115	175	0.4	0.3	0.6
Reformed	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Church	1,420	605	815	2.2	1.8	2.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,800	820	975	2.8	2.5	3.1
Hindu	380	200	180	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jewish	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	320	175	145	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	730	440	285	1.1	1.3	0.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	295	150	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Other religions and spiritual traditions	625	240	385	1.0	0.7	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	36,410	19,665	16,745	56.6	59.4	53.5
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	63,520	32,630	30,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	54,340	28,015	26,320	85.5	85.9	85.2
Movers	9,180	4,605	4,570	14.5	14.1	14.8
Non-migrants	5,960	2,975	2,985	9.4	9.1	9.7
Migrants	3,215	1,635	1,585	5.1	5.0	5.1
Internal migrants	2,895	1,495	1,405	4.6	4.6	4.5
Intraprovincial migrants	1,765	930	835	2.8	2.9	2.7
Interprovincial migrants	1,130	560	570	1.8	1.7	1.8
External migrants	320	145	185	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	59,940	30,780	29,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	34,470	17,735	16,740	57.5	57.6	57.4
Movers	25,465	13,045	12,420	42.5	42.4	42.6
Non-migrants	10,405	5,335	5,070	17.4	17.3	17.4
Migrants	15,065	7,715	7,355	25.1	25.1	25.2
Internal migrants	13,115	6,685	6,425	21.9	21.7	22.0
Intraprovincial migrants	9,255	4,630	4,620	15.4	15.0	15.8
Interprovincial migrants	3,860	2,055	1,805	6.4	6.7	6.2
External migrants	1,955	1,025	925	3.3	3.3	3.2
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,830	26,035	24,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	12,605	7,130	5,470	24.8	27.4	22.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,225	18,900	19,320	75.2	72.6	77.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,395	17,990	17,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,720	3,930	2,790	19.0	21.8	16.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	28,675	14,060	14,615	81.0	78.2	84.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	50,825	26,035	24,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	11,195	6,200	4,995	22.0	23.8	20.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	17,135	8,220	8,910	33.7	31.6	35.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	22,495	11,610	10,890	44.3	44.6	43.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	16,280	9,210	7,065	32.0	35.4	28.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,740	5,465	1,275	13.3	21.0	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,315	1,520	790	4.6	5.8	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,420	3,945	485	8.7	15.2	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,385	3,370	5,015	16.5	12.9	20.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,155	380	780	2.3	1.5	3.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,220	2,395	3,820	12.2	9.2	15.4
Bachelor's degree	4,540	1,690	2,850	8.9	6.5	11.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	460	190	275	0.9	0.7	1.1
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	135	80	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	985	390	595	1.9	1.5	2.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	35,390	17,990	17,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,800	3,310	2,495	16.4	18.4	14.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,610	5,545	6,060	32.8	30.8	34.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,985	9,130	8,850	50.8	50.8	50.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,610	7,155	5,460	35.6	39.8	31.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,215	4,275	940	14.7	23.8	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,790	1,205	585	5.1	6.7	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,425	3,070	355	9.7	17.1	2.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,550	2,615	3,930	18.5	14.5	22.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	850	260	585	2.4	1.4	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,370	1,980	3,390	15.2	11.0	19.5
Bachelor's degree	3,950	1,435	2,520	11.2	8.0	14.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	375	150	225	1.1	0.8	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	95	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	870	320	545	2.5	1.8	3.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	50,830	26,035	24,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	28,330	14,420	13,905	55.7	55.4	56.1
Education	1,555	245	1,310	3.1	0.9	5.3
13. Education	1,555	245	1,310	3.1	0.9	5.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	340	155	190	0.7	0.6	0.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	50	45	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	290	110	175	0.6	0.4	0.7
Humanities	770	310	460	1.5	1.2	1.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	115	25	90	0.2	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	220	80	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	110	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	90	60	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,475	430	1,045	2.9	1.7	4.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	105	40	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	410	30	380	0.8	0.1	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	160	45	115	0.3	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	300	60	240	0.6	0.2	1.0
45. Social sciences	430	245	185	0.8	0.9	0.7
Business, management and public administration	3,970	1,130	2,840	7.8	4.3	11.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	460	65	400	0.9	0.2	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,500	1,065	2,435	6.9	4.1	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	550	265	280	1.1	1.0	1.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	205	65	145	0.4	0.2	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	160	110	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	355	195	160	0.7	0.7	0.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	275	165	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
25. Library science	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,835	7,140	695	15.4	27.4	2.8
04. Architecture and related services	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
14. Engineering	560	425	135	1.1	1.6	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,835	1,625	215	3.6	6.2	0.9
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,910	1,845	65	3.8	7.1	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,420	2,255	165	4.8	8.7	0.7
48. Precision production	1,035	955	75	2.0	3.7	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,095	635	460	2.2	2.4	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	445	225	225	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	645	410	235	1.3	1.6	0.9
Health and related fields	3,060	420	2,635	6.0	1.6	10.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	160	65	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,855	335	2,520	5.6	1.3	10.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,495	695	800	2.9	2.7	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	890	190	700	1.8	0.7	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	130	80	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	480	430	50	0.9	1.7	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	35,395	17,990	17,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,410	8,855	8,550	49.2	49.2	49.1
Education	1,190	170	1,020	3.4	0.9	5.9
13. Education	1,190	170	1,020	3.4	0.9	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	290	135	155	0.8	0.8	0.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	250	105	145	0.7	0.6	0.8
Humanities	585	215	365	1.7	1.2	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	85	15	70	0.2	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	150	35	110	0.4	0.2	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	55	10	45	0.2	0.1	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	155	95	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	80	50	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,225	330	895	3.5	1.8	5.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	320	25	300	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	135	25	110	0.4	0.1	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	55	0	45	0.2	0.0	0.3
42. Psychology	240	30	210	0.7	0.2	1.2
45. Social sciences	380	220	160	1.1	1.2	0.9
Business, management and public administration	3,230	865	2,365	9.1	4.8	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	375	55	320	1.1	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,850	810	2,035	8.1	4.5	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	455	210	245	1.3	1.2	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	185	55	125	0.5	0.3	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	135	80	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	305	165	135	0.9	0.9	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	250	145	100	0.7	0.8	0.6
25. Library science	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,270	5,660	605	17.7	31.5	3.5
04. Architecture and related services	50	10	45	0.1	0.1	0.3
14. Engineering	505	380	125	1.4	2.1	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,515	1,330	185	4.3	7.4	1.1
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,520	1,470	45	4.3	8.2	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,875	1,740	140	5.3	9.7	0.8
48. Precision production	805	735	70	2.3	4.1	0.4
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	835	455	380	2.4	2.5	2.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	280	115	170	0.8	0.6	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	555	345	215	1.6	1.9	1.2
Health and related fields	2,400	330	2,065	6.8	1.8	11.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	115	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,255	275	1,980	6.4	1.5	11.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,195	590	600	3.4	3.3	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	690	160	530	1.9	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	105	70	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	400	360	40	1.1	2.0	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	35,395	17,990	17,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,410	8,855	8,550	49.2	49.2	49.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	17,980	9,135	8,850	50.8	50.8	50.9
Location of study inside Canada	15,330	8,040	7,295	43.3	44.7	41.9
Same as province or territory of residence	10,505	5,680	4,830	29.7	31.6	27.8
Different than province or territory of residence	4,825	2,355	2,465	13.6	13.1	14.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,650	1,095	1,555	7.5	6.1	8.9
Americas	475	165	310	1.3	0.9	1.8
United States of America	360	130	230	1.0	0.7	1.3
Mexico	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	400	200	200	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	80	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	140	75	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	175	70	100	0.5	0.4	0.6
Nigeria	80	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	1,530	630	905	4.3	3.5	5.2
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Japan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	905	335	570	2.6	1.9	3.3
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	400	200	205	1.1	1.1	1.2
Pakistan	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	55	25	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Oceania	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australia	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	50,825	26,035	24,790	...	...	...
In the labour force	35,775	19,770	16,000	...	...	...
Employed	32,595	17,865	14,730	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,180	1,905	1,275	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	15,050	6,265	8,790	...	...	...
Participation rate	70.4	75.9	64.5	70.4	75.9	64.5
Employment rate	64.1	68.6	59.4	64.1	68.6	59.4
Unemployment rate	8.9	9.6	8.0	8.9	9.6	8.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	50,830	26,035	24,795	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,955	6,290	8,665	29.4	24.2	34.9
Worked	35,875	19,745	16,125	70.6	75.8	65.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	18,165	10,620	7,545	35.7	40.8	30.4
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	17,705	9,130	8,575	34.8	35.1	34.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.2	41.9	40.3	41.2	41.9	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	35,775	19,775	16,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	590	300	295	1.6	1.5	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	35,185	19,475	15,715	98.4	98.5	98.2
Employee	29,730	16,040	13,690	83.1	81.1	85.5
Permanent position	25,335	13,820	11,515	70.8	69.9	71.9
Temporary position	4,395	2,220	2,175	12.3	11.2	13.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,345	645	695	3.8	3.3	4.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	3,045	1,570	1,475	8.5	7.9	9.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,460	3,435	2,020	15.3	17.4	12.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	35,775	19,775	16,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	590	300	295	1.6	1.5	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	35,185	19,475	15,715	98.4	98.5	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	235	140	95	0.7	0.7	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,880	925	3,955	13.6	4.7	24.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,860	1,415	445	5.2	7.2	2.8
3 Health occupations	1,765	270	1,500	4.9	1.4	9.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,680	965	2,710	10.3	4.9	16.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	545	185	360	1.5	0.9	2.2
6 Sales and service occupations	8,145	3,140	5,005	22.8	15.9	31.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,155	8,280	870	25.6	41.9	5.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,915	2,385	530	8.1	12.1	3.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,000	1,770	235	5.6	9.0	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	35,775	19,775	16,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	590	300	295	1.6	1.5	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	35,185	19,475	15,715	98.4	98.5	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,800	1,240	560	5.0	6.3	3.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	4,015	3,325	685	11.2	16.8	4.3
22 Utilities	525	440	90	1.5	2.2	0.6
23 Construction	4,060	3,340	720	11.3	16.9	4.5
31-33 Manufacturing	1,540	1,190	350	4.3	6.0	2.2
41 Wholesale trade	975	670	305	2.7	3.4	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	3,765	1,810	1,955	10.5	9.2	12.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,225	1,620	605	6.2	8.2	3.8
51 Information and cultural industries	265	125	135	0.7	0.6	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	545	110	435	1.5	0.6	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	575	310	270	1.6	1.6	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,650	815	835	4.6	4.1	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,225	565	660	3.4	2.9	4.1
61 Educational services	2,250	475	1,775	6.3	2.4	11.1
62 Health care and social assistance	3,015	395	2,625	8.4	2.0	16.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	535	185	355	1.5	0.9	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	2,435	965	1,475	6.8	4.9	9.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,785	1,015	770	5.0	5.1	4.8
91 Public administration	1,980	885	1,090	5.5	4.5	6.8
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	38,740	21,165	17,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	37,985	20,760	17,225	98.1	98.1	98.0
French	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-official language	145	85	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	145	85	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	115	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	455	255	200	1.2	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	38,740	21,165	17,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	38,670	21,130	17,545	99.8	99.8	99.9
Official languages	38,420	20,980	17,435	99.2	99.1	99.2
English	38,365	20,960	17,405	99.0	99.0	99.1
French	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	255	145	105	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	255	145	105	0.7	0.7	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	210	125	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	195	115	80	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
German	90	60	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	100	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	20	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	38,740	21,165	17,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	38,215	20,890	17,325	98.6	98.7	98.6
English	125	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
French	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	275	145	130	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	230	130	100	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	32,590	17,865	14,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,705	1,510	2,195	11.4	8.5	14.9
Worked outside Canada	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
No fixed workplace address	6,870	5,460	1,405	21.1	30.6	9.5
Usual place of work	22,015	10,880	11,135	67.6	60.9	75.6
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	22,015	10,880	11,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	14,615	6,860	7,755	66.4	63.1	69.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,890	3,200	2,685	26.8	29.4	24.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,295	680	610	5.9	6.3	5.5
Commute to a different province or territory	210	140	75	1.0	1.3	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	28,880	16,340	12,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,590	15,265	11,330	92.1	93.4	90.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	24,570	14,230	10,335	85.1	87.1	82.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,020	1,035	985	7.0	6.3	7.9
Public transit	340	185	145	1.2	1.1	1.2
Walked	1,475	650	820	5.1	4.0	6.5
Bicycle	100	75	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
Other method	375	165	215	1.3	1.0	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	28,880	16,340	12,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	16,520	8,130	8,390	57.2	49.8	66.9
15 to 29 minutes	6,450	3,690	2,760	22.3	22.6	22.0
30 to 44 minutes	2,530	1,715	815	8.8	10.5	6.5
45 to 59 minutes	905	670	235	3.1	4.1	1.9
60 minutes and over	2,465	2,135	330	8.5	13.1	2.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	28,880	16,340	12,535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,480	1,960	530	8.6	12.0	4.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,985	4,470	1,515	20.7	27.4	12.1
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,645	4,400	3,245	26.5	26.9	25.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	6,160	2,245	3,915	21.3	13.7	31.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,685	935	1,750	9.3	5.7	14.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	3,915	2,330	1,585	13.6	14.3	12.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,230	8,455	7,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	895	445	450	5.5	5.3	5.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,335	8,010	7,325	94.5	94.7	94.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,480	6,010	5,475	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	650	325	330	5.7	5.4	6.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	330	160	170	2.9	2.7	3.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	325	165	160	2.8	2.7	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,825	5,690	5,140	94.3	94.7	93.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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