Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Northwest Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	72,597	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	34,035	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	29,816	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	72,595	37,050	35,545	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,085	6,670	6,415	18.0	18.0	18.0
0 to 4 years	4,125	2,165	1,960	5.7	5.8	5.5
5 to 9 years	4,305	2,135	2,170	5.9	5.8	6.1
10 to 14 years	4,655	2,380	2,280	6.4	6.4	6.4
15 to 64 years	46,850	24,065	22,785	64.5	65.0	64.1
15 to 19 years	4,150	2,160	1,995	5.7	5.8	5.6
20 to 24 years	3,865	2,050	1,815	5.3	5.5	5.1
25 to 29 years	4,680	2,485	2,195	6.4	6.7	6.2
30 to 34 years	5,055	2,545	2,510	7.0	6.9	7.1
35 to 39 years	4,675	2,360	2,325	6.4	6.4	6.5
40 to 44 years	4,425	2,280	2,145	6.1	6.2	6.0
45 to 49 years	4,395	2,210	2,185	6.1	6.0	6.1
50 to 54 years	4,910	2,415	2,495	6.8	6.5	7.0
55 to 59 years	5,280	2,790	2,490	7.3	7.5	7.0
60 to 64 years	5,405	2,770	2,635	7.4	7.5	7.4
65 years and over	12,660	6,310	6,350	17.4	17.0	17.9
65 to 69 years	4,515	2,365	2,150	6.2	6.4	6.0
70 to 74 years	3,480	1,765	1,715	4.8	4.8	4.8
75 to 79 years	2,245	1,120	1,120	3.1	3.0	3.2
80 to 84 years	1,395	640	755	1.9	1.7	2.1
85 years and over	1,030	425	610	1.4	1.1	1.7
85 to 89 years	660	285	375	0.9	0.8	1.1
90 to 94 years	295	110	180	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
100 years and over	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0	18.0
15 to 64 years	64.5	65.0	64.1	64.5	65.0	64.1
65 years and over	17.4	17.0	17.9	17.4	17.0	17.9
85 years and over	1.4	1.1	1.7	1.4	1.1	1.7
Average age of the population	40.8	40.5	41.1	40.8	40.5	41.1
Median age of the population	40.8	40.4	41.2	40.8	40.4	41.2
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	29,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	21,010	...	...	70.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	1,415	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	1,450	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,255	...	...	4.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,695	...	...	9.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	120	...	...	0.4	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,805	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	29,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	8,855	...	...	29.7	...	...
2 persons	10,535	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	4,285	...	...	14.4	...	...
4 persons	3,580	...	...	12.0	...	...
5 or more persons	2,560	...	...	8.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	71,700	36,630	35,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	59,510	30,380	29,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	33,780	16,940	16,840	56.8	55.8	57.8
Married	24,465	12,310	12,150	41.1	40.5	41.7
Living common-law	9,315	4,630	4,685	15.7	15.2	16.1
Living common law - Never married	7,275	3,635	3,635	12.2	12.0	12.5
Living common law - Separated	415	200	220	0.7	0.7	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	1,425	715	710	2.4	2.4	2.4
Living common law - Widowed	200	80	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	25,730	13,440	12,295	43.2	44.2	42.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,280	10,170	7,105	29.0	33.5	24.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,810	865	940	3.0	2.8	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,410	1,615	1,795	5.7	5.3	6.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	3,235	785	2,450	5.4	2.6	8.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	20,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	11,085	...	...	54.5	...	...
3 persons	4,145	...	...	20.4	...	...
4 persons	3,325	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	1,775	...	...	8.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	20,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	16,505	...	...	81.2	...	...
Married couples	11,850	...	...	58.3	...	...
With children⁶	5,650	...	...	27.8	...	...
Without children	6,195	...	...	30.5	...	...
Common-law couples	4,655	...	...	22.9	...	...
With children⁶	2,055	...	...	10.1	...	...
Without children	2,605	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,820	...	...	18.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,715	...	...	13.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,110	...	...	5.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	71,700	36,630	35,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	57,700	28,930	28,765	80.5	79.0	82.0
Married spouses or common-law partners	33,010	16,470	16,545	46.0	45.0	47.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,825	1,110	2,715	5.3	3.0	7.7
Children⁶	20,865	11,355	9,505	29.1	31.0	27.1
In a two-parent family	14,795	7,900	6,890	20.6	21.6	19.6
In a one-parent family	6,070	3,455	2,615	8.5	9.4	7.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	14,005	7,700	6,305	19.5	21.0	18.0
Living alone	8,855	4,750	4,110	12.4	13.0	11.7
Living with other relatives⁷	2,205	1,150	1,055	3.1	3.1	3.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,945	1,805	1,140	4.1	4.9	3.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	29,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	17,420	...	...	58.4	...	...
Couple-family households	14,725	...	...	49.4	...	...
With children⁶	6,815	...	...	22.9	...	...
Without children	7,910	...	...	26.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,695	...	...	9.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	900	...	...	3.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	170	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,140	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,330	...	...	4.5	...	...
One-person households	8,860	...	...	29.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	58,635	29,965	28,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	56,970	29,190	27,785	97.2	97.4	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,400	50,400	36,800	42,400	50,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	57,010	29,205	27,805	97.2	97.5	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	45,600	34,000	39,200	45,600	34,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	49,450	25,820	23,625	84.3	86.2	82.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,800	29,800	38,000	48,800	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	42,155	22,520	19,640	71.9	75.2	68.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	52,000	31,800	40,400	52,000	31,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,485	22,420	24,060	79.3	74.8	83.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,300	9,400	11,100	10,300	9,400	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,195	3,790	3,400	12.3	12.6	11.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,000	6,040	5,720	6,000	6,040	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,800	6,630	7,170	23.5	22.1	25.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	58,700	30,000	28,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	56,965	29,130	27,835	97.0	97.1	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,300	62,100	44,120	53,300	62,100	44,120
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,010	29,155	27,855	97.1	97.2	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,680	52,050	39,000	45,680	52,050	39,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	49,630	25,790	23,840	84.5	86.0	83.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,360	60,500	39,360	50,360	60,500	39,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	42,210	22,465	19,745	71.9	74.9	68.8
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,200	60,950	40,120	51,200	60,950	40,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	46,275	22,240	24,035	78.8	74.1	83.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,630	11,180	12,030	11,630	11,180	12,030
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,840	3,675	3,165	11.7	12.3	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,980	7,160	6,760	6,980	7,160	6,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,650	6,675	6,975	23.3	22.3	24.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,410	8,350	8,460	8,410	8,350	8,460
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	58,700	30,000	28,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,530	10,520	8,005	31.6	35.1	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	79,500	54,400	67,000	79,500	54,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	75,700	86,000	62,200	75,700	86,000	62,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	17,705	8,855	8,850	30.2	29.5	30.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	28,800	20,400	24,000	28,800	20,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,560	43,840	27,280	35,560	43,840	27,280
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	86.2	76.4	82.2	86.2	76.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	71.2	75.6	64.6	71.2	75.6	64.6
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.7	13.8	23.6	17.7	13.8	23.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.6	1.5	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.8	3.8	6.4	4.8	3.8	6.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.8	3.1	4.8	3.8	3.1	4.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	58,640	29,970	28,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,665	780	885	2.8	2.6	3.1
With total income	56,975	29,190	27,785	97.2	97.4	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,460	2,465	3,000	9.6	8.4	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	6,450	2,740	3,710	11.3	9.4	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	8,065	3,545	4,520	14.2	12.1	16.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,965	3,045	3,920	12.2	10.4	14.1
$40,000 to $49,999	6,025	2,645	3,385	10.6	9.1	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	5,030	2,350	2,680	8.8	8.1	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,980	2,120	1,860	7.0	7.3	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	3,055	1,815	1,245	5.4	6.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	2,515	1,545	970	4.4	5.3	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,095	1,375	715	3.7	4.7	2.6
$100,000 and over	7,330	5,555	1,780	12.9	19.0	6.4
$100,000 to $149,999	5,290	3,885	1,405	9.3	13.3	5.1
$150,000 and over	2,040	1,670	375	3.6	5.7	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	58,640	29,970	28,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,630	760	860	2.8	2.6	3.0
With after-tax income	57,010	29,205	27,805	97.2	97.4	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,625	2,510	3,110	9.9	8.6	11.2
$10,000 to $19,999	6,625	2,830	3,795	11.6	9.7	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	9,090	4,005	5,085	16.0	13.7	18.3
$30,000 to $39,999	7,885	3,480	4,410	13.8	11.9	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	6,895	3,140	3,760	12.1	10.8	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,455	2,810	2,650	9.6	9.6	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,140	2,445	1,695	7.3	8.4	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,155	2,025	1,130	5.5	6.9	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,520	1,720	795	4.4	5.9	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	1,755	1,285	475	3.1	4.4	1.7
$100,000 and over	3,855	2,960	895	6.8	10.1	3.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,390	1,790	600	4.2	6.1	2.2
$125,000 and over	1,470	1,180	295	2.6	4.0	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	58,640	29,970	28,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	16,485	7,450	9,030	28.1	24.9	31.5
With employment income	42,155	22,520	19,635	71.9	75.1	68.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	5,655	2,815	2,835	13.4	12.5	14.4
$5,000 to $9,999	2,890	1,225	1,665	6.9	5.4	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	4,565	1,960	2,605	10.8	8.7	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	4,035	1,760	2,275	9.6	7.8	11.6
$30,000 to $39,999	3,830	1,695	2,135	9.1	7.5	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	3,395	1,495	1,900	8.1	6.6	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	3,165	1,530	1,635	7.5	6.8	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	2,710	1,500	1,210	6.4	6.7	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,260	1,405	850	5.4	6.2	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,960	1,280	680	4.7	5.7	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,715	1,130	585	4.1	5.0	3.0
$100,000 and over	5,985	4,725	1,255	14.2	21.0	6.4
$100,000 to $124,999	2,925	2,195	730	6.9	9.7	3.7
$125,000 and over	3,060	2,530	525	7.2	11.2	2.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	58,635	29,965	28,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,510	28,395	27,115	94.7	94.8	94.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,600	49,200	33,200	39,600	49,200	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	55,655	28,420	27,230	94.9	94.8	95.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	43,600	30,600	36,000	43,600	30,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,135	25,625	23,505	83.8	85.5	82.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	48,800	30,000	37,600	48,800	30,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	43,080	22,875	20,205	73.5	76.3	70.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	50,000	30,600	38,400	50,000	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	38,505	17,665	20,845	65.7	59.0	72.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,950	7,750	8,100	7,950	7,750	8,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,545	3,525	3,025	11.2	11.8	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,880	5,920	5,760	5,880	5,920	5,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	58,700	30,000	28,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,435	28,330	27,110	94.4	94.4	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	51,080	60,200	41,560	51,080	60,200	41,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	55,595	28,365	27,230	94.7	94.6	94.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,120	49,880	36,080	43,120	49,880	36,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,065	25,460	23,600	83.6	84.9	82.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,200	60,350	39,240	50,200	60,350	39,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	42,945	22,720	20,225	73.2	75.7	70.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,760	59,850	38,400	49,760	59,850	38,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	38,300	17,625	20,670	65.2	58.8	72.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,650	9,590	9,700	9,650	9,590	9,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,295	3,455	2,845	10.7	11.5	9.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,410	7,310	7,520	7,410	7,310	7,520
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	58,700	30,000	28,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	18,345	10,420	7,925	31.3	34.7	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,400	75,500	50,400	62,400	75,500	50,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	71,200	81,700	57,350	71,200	81,700	57,350
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	16,795	8,395	8,400	28.6	28.0	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,000	34,000	23,400	28,000	34,000	23,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	39,360	48,520	30,160	39,360	48,520	30,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.0	90.0	82.2	87.0	90.0	82.2
Employment income (%)	75.4	79.8	69.0	75.4	79.8	69.0
Government transfers (%)	13.0	9.9	17.8	13.0	9.9	17.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.7	1.5	1.9	1.7	1.5	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	29,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,000	...	...	77,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	8,860	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	44,400	...	...	44,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	20,960	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	29,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	101,800	...	...	101,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	87,300	...	...	87,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	8,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,250	...	...	57,250	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,440	...	...	48,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	20,985	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...	120,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	103,700	...	...	103,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	29,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	350	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	305	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	615	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,195	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	905	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	925	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	995	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,080	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,095	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,175	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,085	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,875	...	...	6.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,815	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,635	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,590	...	...	42.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,500	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,815	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,570	...	...	12.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,710	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	29,815	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	375	...	...	1.3	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	175	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	325	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	625	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,240	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,040	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,045	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,165	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,240	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,295	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,500	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,380	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,205	...	...	7.4	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,025	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,775	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	10,405	...	...	34.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,910	...	...	13.1	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,705	...	...	9.1	...	...
$150,000 and over	3,795	...	...	12.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	20,025	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	8,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	11,800	6,555	5,245	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	45,600	38,800	42,000	45,600	38,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	40,800	36,000	38,400	40,800	36,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	20,065	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,900	...	...	119,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	8,220	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	112,100	...	...	112,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	95,300	...	...	95,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	146,400	...	...	146,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,300	...	...	125,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,350	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,900	...	...	79,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,600	...	...	71,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	11,800	6,565	5,240	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,450	57,600	48,240	53,450	57,600	48,240
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,600	48,520	41,920	45,600	48,520	41,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	71,700	36,635	35,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,625	8,005	7,620	21.8	21.9	21.7
0 to 5 years	4,930	2,560	2,365	6.9	7.0	6.7
18 to 64 years	43,860	22,445	21,415	61.2	61.3	61.1
65 years and over	12,215	6,180	6,035	17.0	16.9	17.2
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	8,130	4,025	4,100	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,100	1,075	1,030	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	665	335	335	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,205	2,120	2,085	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,825	835	985	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	11.0	11.7	11.3	11.0	11.7
0 to 17 years (%)	13.4	13.4	13.5	13.4	13.4	13.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.6	13.1	14.1	13.6	13.1	14.1
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.4	9.7	9.6	9.4	9.7
65 years and over (%)	14.9	13.5	16.4	14.9	13.5	16.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	62,340	31,740	30,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,255	6,795	6,460	21.3	21.4	21.1
0 to 5 years	4,275	2,225	2,055	6.9	7.0	6.7
18 to 64 years	38,340	19,540	18,800	61.5	61.6	61.4
65 years and over	10,745	5,410	5,330	17.2	17.0	17.4
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,500	760	745	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	285	125	155	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	35	40	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,045	560	485	...	...	...
65 years and over	170	65	100	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4	2.4
0 to 17 years (%)	2.1	1.9	2.4	2.1	1.9	2.4
0 to 5 years (%)	1.7	1.4	1.9	1.7	1.4	1.9
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	2.9	2.6	2.7	2.9	2.6
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.2	1.9	1.6	1.2	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	71,700	36,630	35,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	34,740	17,240	17,500	48.5	47.1	49.9
In bottom decile	7,315	3,665	3,650	10.2	10.0	10.4
In second decile	7,055	3,405	3,655	9.8	9.3	10.4
In third decile	6,655	3,300	3,355	9.3	9.0	9.6
In fourth decile	6,680	3,290	3,385	9.3	9.0	9.7
In fifth decile	7,035	3,580	3,455	9.8	9.8	9.9
In top half of the distribution	36,955	19,390	17,565	51.5	52.9	50.1
In sixth decile	6,680	3,410	3,270	9.3	9.3	9.3
In seventh decile	7,130	3,705	3,420	9.9	10.1	9.8
In eighth decile	7,530	3,910	3,615	10.5	10.7	10.3
In ninth decile	7,940	4,200	3,740	11.1	11.5	10.7
In top decile	7,685	4,160	3,525	10.7	11.4	10.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	71,700	...	...	71,700	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.320	...	...	0.320	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.433	...	...	0.433	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.285	...	...	0.285	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	72,115	36,840	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	67,905	34,850	33,060	94.2	94.6	93.7
French only	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and French	3,860	1,850	2,010	5.4	5.0	5.7
Neither English nor French	305	125	190	0.4	0.3	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	72,115	36,840	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	70,735	36,130	34,605	98.1	98.1	98.1
French	965	535	435	1.3	1.5	1.2
English and French	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Neither English nor French	295	110	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	72,115	36,840	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	69,965	35,735	34,230	97.0	97.0	97.0
Official languages	62,875	32,235	30,635	87.2	87.5	86.8
English	61,845	31,680	30,165	85.8	86.0	85.5
French	1,030	560	470	1.4	1.5	1.3
Non-official languages	7,090	3,495	3,595	9.8	9.5	10.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,190	605	590	1.7	1.6	1.7
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	195	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	195	105	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	25	20	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	870	440	435	1.2	1.2	1.2
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	485	250	235	0.7	0.7	0.7
Nisga'a	290	140	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tsimshian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wakashan languages	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haisla	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,895	2,890	3,005	8.2	7.8	8.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	145	95	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	370	175	195	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	360	175	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	520	200	320	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	420	165	260	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	85	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,155	2,085	2,075	5.8	5.7	5.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	350	165	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Baltic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	350	165	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	90	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,485	740	745	2.1	2.0	2.1
Frisian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	875	435	435	1.2	1.2	1.2
German	785	385	400	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	495	235	260	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	355	170	185	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	20	20	0.0	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,050	585	465	1.5	1.6	1.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,030	575	450	1.4	1.6	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	105	65	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	810	440	370	1.1	1.2	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,240	575	665	1.7	1.6	1.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	220	115	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	795	370	420	1.1	1.0	1.2
Romanian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	205	75	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	55	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	215	100	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	145	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,150	1,105	1,045	3.0	3.0	3.0
English and French	350	165	185	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,650	865	785	2.3	2.3	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	60	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	72,115	36,840	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	64,325	32,940	31,380	89.2	89.4	89.0
French	270	140	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,260	620	640	1.7	1.7	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	120	60	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	1,140	560	580	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and French	660	330	335	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	5,385	2,710	2,675	7.5	7.4	7.6
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	145	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	72,115	36,840	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	71,110	36,305	34,805	98.6	98.5	98.7
Official languages	68,525	35,000	33,525	95.0	95.0	95.0
English	68,170	34,820	33,350	94.5	94.5	94.5
French	360	180	180	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	2,585	1,305	1,275	3.6	3.5	3.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	240	130	115	0.3	0.4	0.3
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	185	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	110	55	50	0.2	0.1	0.1
Nisga'a	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsimshian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,345	1,180	1,165	3.3	3.2	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	290	145	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	290	145	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	225	110	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	90	95	0.3	0.2	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,425	720	705	2.0	2.0	2.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	250	125	125	0.3	0.3	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	155	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	740	405	335	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	735	400	335	1.0	1.1	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	615	330	285	0.9	0.9	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	360	150	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	235	90	150	0.3	0.2	0.4
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Chinese languages	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,000	530	470	1.4	1.4	1.3
English and French	135	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	835	435	395	1.2	1.2	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	72,115	36,840	35,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,730	34,170	32,565	92.5	92.8	92.3
English	1,200	630	570	1.7	1.7	1.6
French	460	220	235	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	3,220	1,575	1,645	4.5	4.3	4.7
Indigenous³⁹	1,225	630	595	1.7	1.7	1.7
Non-Indigenous	1,995	945	1,050	2.8	2.6	3.0
English and French	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	240	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	71,750	36,675	35,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	71,455	36,565	34,895	99.6	99.7	99.5
English	71,410	36,540	34,865	99.5	99.6	99.4
French	3,925	1,930	1,995	5.5	5.3	5.7
Non-official languages	11,505	5,775	5,730	16.0	15.7	16.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	3,180	1,610	1,565	4.4	4.4	4.5
Algonquian languages	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	415	235	180	0.6	0.6	0.5
Northern Athabaskan languages	415	240	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
Dakelh (Carrier)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	195	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kaska (Nahani)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	195	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	2,305	1,165	1,135	3.2	3.2	3.2
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	1,010	495	520	1.4	1.3	1.5
Nisga'a	975	525	445	1.4	1.4	1.3
Tsimshian	350	170	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Wakashan languages	280	140	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haisla	265	135	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Heiltsuk	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,365	4,180	4,185	11.7	11.4	11.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	155	85	0.3	0.4	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	50	50	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	50	50	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	175	100	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	155	95	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	475	230	245	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	475	230	245	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	755	300	450	1.1	0.8	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	20	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	695	255	430	1.0	0.7	1.2
Waray-Waray	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	130	80	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	80	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	6,040	3,130	2,910	8.4	8.5	8.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	500	275	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Baltic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	485	265	220	0.7	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	115	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	130	70	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,995	945	1,050	2.8	2.6	3.0
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,265	610	655	1.8	1.7	1.9
German	1,195	585	610	1.7	1.6	1.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	120	60	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	665	325	335	0.9	0.9	1.0
Afrikaans	200	125	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	440	190	250	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	130	60	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,520	910	600	2.1	2.5	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,500	905	595	2.1	2.5	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	40	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	680	455	225	0.9	1.2	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,180	685	495	1.6	1.9	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,175	1,025	1,145	3.0	2.8	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	395	195	195	0.6	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	1,025	490	535	1.4	1.3	1.5
Romanian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	810	370	440	1.1	1.0	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	65	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Korean	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	30	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	120	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	90	25	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	275	110	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese languages	275	110	170	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	130	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	185	85	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	65	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	71,755	36,675	35,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	22,805	11,495	11,310	31.8	31.3	32.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	22,240	11,250	10,985	31.0	30.7	31.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	19,965	10,085	9,880	27.8	27.5	28.2
Métis	2,210	1,140	1,070	3.1	3.1	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	165	60	100	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	405	185	220	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-Indigenous identity	48,945	25,180	23,770	68.2	68.7	67.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	71,755	36,675	35,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	17,670	8,905	8,765	24.6	24.3	25.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	54,085	27,770	26,315	75.4	75.7	75.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	20,755	...	...	69.6	...	...
Renter	7,295	...	...	24.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,775	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,365	...	...	4.6	...	...
Not condominium	28,455	...	...	95.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	210	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	2,685	...	...	9.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,770	...	...	22.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	10,830	...	...	36.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,330	...	...	31.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	7,175	...	...	24.1	...	...
5 rooms	5,260	...	...	17.6	...	...
6 rooms	4,630	...	...	15.5	...	...
7 rooms	4,000	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	8,750	...	...	29.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	29,220	...	...	98.0	...	...
More than one person per room	605	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	28,410	...	...	95.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,410	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,400	...	...	18.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,695	...	...	39.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	4,725	...	...	15.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,355	...	...	14.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	665	...	...	2.2	...	...
2006 to 2010	900	...	...	3.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	885	...	...	3.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,190	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	25,660	...	...	86.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	4,155	...	...	13.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	15,330	...	...	51.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	12,875	...	...	43.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,615	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	865	...	...	2.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	4,390	...	...	14.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	4,800	...	...	16.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,280	...	...	17.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	6,385	...	...	21.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	5,030	...	...	16.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,410	...	...	8.1	...	...
85 years and over	660	...	...	2.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	26,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	22,860	...	...	87.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	3,370	...	...	12.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,055	...	...	11.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	29,820	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	8,040	...	...	27.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,810	...	...	9.4	...	...
Not suitable only	985	...	...	3.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,380	...	...	11.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	445	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	315	...	...	1.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	21,775	...	...	73.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	25,910	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,145	...	...	8.3	...	...
Not in core need	23,765	...	...	91.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	19,255	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	56.2	...	...	56.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.5	...	...	5.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,159	...	...	1,159	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	376,000	...	...	376,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	392,000	...	...	392,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,030	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	23.9	...	...	23.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	16.1	...	...	16.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,068	...	...	1,068	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,775	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	336	...	...	336	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	464	...	...	464	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	71,755	36,675	35,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15,715	8,050	7,670	21.9	21.9	21.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15,630	8,010	7,620	21.8	21.8	21.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	15,040	7,700	7,340	21.0	21.0	20.9
Métis single ancestry	545	290	255	0.8	0.8	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,175	3,550	3,630	10.0	9.7	10.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,995	3,460	3,530	9.7	9.4	10.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,770	2,835	2,940	8.0	7.7	8.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,180	600	575	1.6	1.6	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	185	95	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	185	90	90	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	48,860	25,075	23,780	68.1	68.4	67.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	71,755	36,675	35,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	68,845	35,215	33,630	95.9	96.0	95.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,455	7,905	7,545	21.5	21.6	21.5
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	53,390	27,310	26,080	74.4	74.5	74.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,905	1,460	1,445	4.0	4.0	4.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	71,755	36,675	35,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	63,540	32,565	30,975	88.6	88.8	88.3
Immigrants⁸¹	7,195	3,465	3,730	10.0	9.4	10.6
Before 1980	3,225	1,620	1,605	4.5	4.4	4.6
1980 to 1990	880	435	440	1.2	1.2	1.3
1991 to 2000	745	350	395	1.0	1.0	1.1
2001 to 2010	790	350	440	1.1	1.0	1.3
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,560	710	850	2.2	1.9	2.4
2011 to 2015	630	335	295	0.9	0.9	0.8
2016 to 2021	930	385	545	1.3	1.0	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,020	640	375	1.4	1.7	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	7,195	3,470	3,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	815	405	410	11.3	11.7	11.0
5 to 14 years	1,430	790	640	19.9	22.8	17.2
15 to 24 years	1,665	850	810	23.1	24.5	21.7
25 to 44 years	2,840	1,230	1,615	39.5	35.4	43.4
45 years and over	445	190	245	6.2	5.5	6.6
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	7,195	3,470	3,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,090	450	645	15.1	13.0	17.3
Brazil	35	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.5
Colombia	30	10	15	0.4	0.3	0.4
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Mexico	35	0	30	0.5	0.0	0.8
Peru	35	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.5
Trinidad and Tobago	25	0	20	0.3	0.0	0.5
United States of America	855	360	495	11.9	10.4	13.3
Other places of birth in Americas	70	40	35	1.0	1.2	0.9
Europe	3,410	1,700	1,715	47.4	49.0	46.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Croatia	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
France	65	40	25	0.9	1.2	0.7
Germany	510	255	255	7.1	7.3	6.8
Greece	25	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Hungary	40	30	20	0.6	0.9	0.5
Italy	190	90	100	2.6	2.6	2.7
Netherlands	380	175	205	5.3	5.0	5.5
Poland	65	30	35	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portugal	605	290	310	8.4	8.4	8.3
Romania	25	15	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Russian Federation	30	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	60	20	35	0.8	0.6	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	855	435	425	11.9	12.5	11.4
Other places of birth in Europe	515	270	245	7.2	7.8	6.6
Africa	370	220	150	5.1	6.3	4.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somalia	40	40	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	170	85	85	2.4	2.4	2.3
Other places of birth in Africa	100	60	40	1.4	1.7	1.1
Asia	2,125	1,010	1,115	29.5	29.1	29.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Iraq	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Lebanon	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	70	30	35	1.0	0.9	0.9
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	35	65	1.5	1.0	1.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	55	25	25	0.8	0.7	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	70	45	30	1.0	1.3	0.8
Taiwan	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.4
Philippines	605	230	375	8.4	6.6	10.1
Viet Nam	350	175	180	4.9	5.0	4.8
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	600	325	275	8.3	9.4	7.4
Pakistan	90	55	35	1.3	1.6	0.9
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	105	35	65	1.5	1.0	1.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	195	90	105	2.7	2.6	2.8
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	925	380	550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	110	25	85	11.9	6.6	15.5
Brazil	20	0	15	2.2	0.0	2.7
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	55	10	45	5.9	2.6	8.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	30	10	25	3.2	2.6	4.5
Europe	150	70	80	16.2	18.4	14.5
France	10	10	0	1.1	2.6	0.0
Germany	20	0	15	2.2	0.0	2.7
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.8
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	45	30	15	4.9	7.9	2.7
Other places of birth in Europe	65	25	40	7.0	6.6	7.3
Africa	55	25	30	5.9	6.6	5.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	10	2.2	0.0	1.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	10	2.2	2.6	1.8
Asia	585	260	325	63.2	68.4	59.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	155	90	65	16.8	23.7	11.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	30	20	15	3.2	5.3	2.7
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	70	40	25	7.6	10.5	4.5
Philippines	155	45	110	16.8	11.8	20.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	65	30	35	7.0	7.9	6.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	50	20	25	5.4	5.3	4.5
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	2.2	0.0	3.6
Oceania and other⁹³	25	0	25	2.7	0.0	4.5
Australia	25	0	25	2.7	0.0	4.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	71,755	36,675	35,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	8,775	4,385	4,390	12.2	12.0	12.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	10,755	5,405	5,345	15.0	14.7	15.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	52,225	26,885	25,340	72.8	73.3	72.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,970	1,855	2,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,855	995	860	46.7	53.6	40.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	890	550	340	22.4	29.6	16.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	965	445	525	24.3	24.0	24.8
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,635	560	1,070	41.2	30.2	50.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	465	295	170	11.7	15.9	8.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	15	0	15	0.4	0.0	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,970	1,855	2,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	45	30	15	1.1	1.6	0.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	915	440	475	23.0	23.7	22.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	145	75	75	3.7	4.0	3.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	215	110	105	5.4	5.9	5.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	0	20	0.8	0.0	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,625	1,195	1,430	66.1	64.4	67.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	71,755	36,675	35,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	5,180	2,665	2,515	7.2	7.3	7.2
South Asian	1,855	1,110	740	2.6	3.0	2.1
Chinese	430	180	245	0.6	0.5	0.7
Black	425	225	200	0.6	0.6	0.6
Filipino	905	380	520	1.3	1.0	1.5
Arab	150	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	185	75	110	0.3	0.2	0.3
Southeast Asian	645	320	330	0.9	0.9	0.9
West Asian	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Korean	135	75	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	255	125	135	0.4	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	66,570	34,010	32,560	92.8	92.7	92.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	71,755	36,675	35,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	7,510	3,980	3,530	10.5	10.9	10.1
English	14,610	7,220	7,380	20.4	19.7	21.0
Irish	9,860	4,805	5,045	13.7	13.1	14.4
Scottish	12,055	6,065	5,990	16.8	16.5	17.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	5,420	2,640	2,790	7.6	7.2	8.0
German	9,295	4,655	4,640	13.0	12.7	13.2
Chinese	620	265	360	0.9	0.7	1.0
Italian	2,095	1,050	1,045	2.9	2.9	3.0
Indian (India)	1,175	685	490	1.6	1.9	1.4
Ukrainian	2,940	1,470	1,470	4.1	4.0	4.2
Dutch	5,295	2,710	2,580	7.4	7.4	7.4
Polish	1,975	965	1,015	2.8	2.6	2.9
Québécois	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	2,165	1,110	1,055	3.0	3.0	3.0
Filipino	885	380	510	1.2	1.0	1.5
French Canadian	675	375	300	0.9	1.0	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,260	640	620	1.8	1.7	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	5,290	2,610	2,685	7.4	7.1	7.7
Métis	2,000	1,025	970	2.8	2.8	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,520	805	720	2.1	2.2	2.1
Russian	1,190	660	535	1.7	1.8	1.5
Norwegian	3,205	1,580	1,625	4.5	4.3	4.6
Welsh	1,470	725	745	2.0	2.0	2.1
Portuguese	2,095	1,070	1,025	2.9	2.9	2.9
American	1,135	560	580	1.6	1.5	1.7
Spanish	465	215	250	0.6	0.6	0.7
Swedish	1,875	920	955	2.6	2.5	2.7
Hungarian	565	285	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
Acadian	210	105	105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	195	100	100	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	290	145	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	215	150	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Vietnamese	525	255	270	0.7	0.7	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	100	70	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Greek	175	70	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jamaican	60	45	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	170	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	645	305	335	0.9	0.8	1.0
Korean	120	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	285	135	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
Lebanese	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	835	380	455	1.2	1.0	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,125	590	535	1.6	1.6	1.5
Sikh	315	180	135	0.4	0.5	0.4
Austrian	655	305	355	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belgian	275	115	160	0.4	0.3	0.5
Haitian	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindu	150	110	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
Mexican	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	310	145	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	705	335	365	1.0	0.9	1.0
Finnish	510	250	260	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	190	80	105	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japanese	420	200	225	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	185	100	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	510	280	225	0.7	0.8	0.6
Muslim	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Egyptian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	450	230	215	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Moroccan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	260	130	125	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	50	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	240	130	110	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	80	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	210	100	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iraqi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	95	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	195	80	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Palestinian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	60	15	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	40	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	25	20	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	35	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
African American	35	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	100	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	85	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Columbian	280	150	130	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jatt	70	65	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	180	110	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Saskatchewanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	175	95	85	0.2	0.3	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Costa Rican	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	71,750	36,675	35,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	365	170	190	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian	27,595	13,115	14,475	38.5	35.8	41.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,945	2,915	3,030	8.3	7.9	8.6
Anabaptist	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Anglican	3,550	1,670	1,880	4.9	4.6	5.4
Baptist	720	345	375	1.0	0.9	1.1
Catholic	8,215	3,955	4,260	11.4	10.8	12.1
Christian Orthodox	125	65	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jehovah's Witness	435	215	220	0.6	0.6	0.6
Latter Day Saints	160	70	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lutheran	655	335	320	0.9	0.9	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	650	315	335	0.9	0.9	1.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	950	440	510	1.3	1.2	1.5
Presbyterian	235	105	135	0.3	0.3	0.4
Reformed	1,435	680	760	2.0	1.9	2.2
United Church	2,900	1,230	1,675	4.0	3.4	4.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,455	715	735	2.0	1.9	2.1
Hindu	400	260	140	0.6	0.7	0.4
Jewish	150	50	100	0.2	0.1	0.3
Muslim	315	200	110	0.4	0.5	0.3
Sikh	970	560	410	1.4	1.5	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	770	400	380	1.1	1.1	1.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	805	350	455	1.1	1.0	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	40,390	21,575	18,820	56.3	58.8	53.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	70,945	36,210	34,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	62,840	32,095	30,750	88.6	88.6	88.5
Movers	8,100	4,115	3,990	11.4	11.4	11.5
Non-migrants	4,850	2,435	2,420	6.8	6.7	7.0
Migrants	3,250	1,680	1,570	4.6	4.6	4.5
Internal migrants	2,890	1,520	1,365	4.1	4.2	3.9
Intraprovincial migrants	2,080	1,060	1,025	2.9	2.9	3.0
Interprovincial migrants	805	460	345	1.1	1.3	1.0
External migrants	365	160	210	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	67,620	34,435	33,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	41,050	20,985	20,065	60.7	60.9	60.5
Movers	26,570	13,445	13,115	39.3	39.0	39.5
Non-migrants	10,510	5,395	5,120	15.5	15.7	15.4
Migrants	16,055	8,055	8,000	23.7	23.4	24.1
Internal migrants	14,560	7,255	7,305	21.5	21.1	22.0
Intraprovincial migrants	11,320	5,595	5,720	16.7	16.2	17.2
Interprovincial migrants	3,240	1,655	1,580	4.8	4.8	4.8
External migrants	1,495	800	695	2.2	2.3	2.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,700	30,000	28,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,780	8,345	6,435	25.2	27.8	22.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,920	21,655	22,260	74.8	72.2	77.6
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,420	19,645	18,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,935	4,100	2,835	18.1	20.9	15.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	31,490	15,550	15,940	82.0	79.2	84.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	58,700	30,005	28,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,910	7,050	5,860	22.0	23.5	20.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	18,885	9,155	9,725	32.2	30.5	33.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,905	13,795	13,105	45.8	46.0	45.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,120	10,135	7,985	30.9	33.8	27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	6,880	5,615	1,265	11.7	18.7	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,610	1,830	785	4.4	6.1	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,265	3,785	485	7.3	12.6	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,690	3,915	5,770	16.5	13.0	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,550	605	940	2.6	2.0	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	8,785	3,660	5,120	15.0	12.2	17.8
Bachelor's degree	5,780	2,365	3,420	9.8	7.9	11.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	690	260	425	1.2	0.9	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	295	180	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	1,835	760	1,070	3.1	2.5	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	190	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	38,425	19,645	18,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,815	3,315	2,500	15.1	16.9	13.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,235	6,080	6,155	31.8	30.9	32.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	20,370	10,245	10,125	53.0	52.2	53.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,260	7,365	5,890	34.5	37.5	31.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	4,905	4,040	865	12.8	20.6	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,910	1,375	535	5.0	7.0	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,995	2,665	325	7.8	13.6	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	7,265	2,895	4,365	18.9	14.7	23.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,090	425	660	2.8	2.2	3.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	7,115	2,880	4,235	18.5	14.7	22.6
Bachelor's degree	4,690	1,900	2,790	12.2	9.7	14.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	530	195	340	1.4	1.0	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	225	120	100	0.6	0.6	0.5
Master's degree	1,525	605	920	4.0	3.1	4.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	140	60	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	58,695	30,005	28,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	31,795	16,205	15,590	54.2	54.0	54.3
Education	2,300	570	1,730	3.9	1.9	6.0
13. Education	2,300	570	1,730	3.9	1.9	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	650	300	350	1.1	1.0	1.2
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	75	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	560	230	330	1.0	0.8	1.1
Humanities	1,115	545	570	1.9	1.8	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	90	10	80	0.2	0.0	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	150	40	110	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	455	230	225	0.8	0.8	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	75	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	190	130	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	130	75	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,095	565	1,535	3.6	1.9	5.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	100	20	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	610	15	595	1.0	0.0	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	205	70	130	0.3	0.2	0.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	315	80	235	0.5	0.3	0.8
45. Social sciences	715	310	405	1.2	1.0	1.4
Business, management and public administration	4,470	1,370	3,095	7.6	4.6	10.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	655	125	535	1.1	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,810	1,240	2,565	6.5	4.1	8.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	935	490	445	1.6	1.6	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	475	225	250	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	120	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	180	125	60	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	370	230	150	0.6	0.8	0.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	260	170	85	0.4	0.6	0.3
25. Library science	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	35	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,325	6,825	495	12.5	22.7	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
14. Engineering	550	465	85	0.9	1.5	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,205	1,060	145	2.1	3.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,290	2,200	90	3.9	7.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,180	2,110	75	3.7	7.0	0.3
48. Precision production	1,030	950	75	1.8	3.2	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,505	955	550	2.6	3.2	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	280	125	155	0.5	0.4	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,225	825	395	2.1	2.7	1.4
Health and related fields	3,925	640	3,290	6.7	2.1	11.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	230	125	100	0.4	0.4	0.3
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,645	490	3,150	6.2	1.6	11.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,200	1,305	895	3.7	4.3	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,155	405	750	2.0	1.3	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	245	180	60	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	795	720	75	1.4	2.4	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	38,425	19,645	18,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,050	9,400	8,650	47.0	47.8	46.1
Education	1,680	370	1,310	4.4	1.9	7.0
13. Education	1,680	370	1,310	4.4	1.9	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	515	235	280	1.3	1.2	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	60	45	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	455	190	270	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	765	365	400	2.0	1.9	2.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	75	10	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	100	25	75	0.3	0.1	0.4
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	280	130	150	0.7	0.7	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	35	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	90	35	0.3	0.5	0.2
54. History	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,745	440	1,310	4.5	2.2	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	20	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	85	25	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	505	15	490	1.3	0.1	2.6
22. Legal professions and studies	180	55	130	0.5	0.3	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	250	55	195	0.7	0.3	1.0
45. Social sciences	595	240	350	1.5	1.2	1.9
Business, management and public administration	3,565	1,100	2,470	9.3	5.6	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	550	105	445	1.4	0.5	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,010	985	2,025	7.8	5.0	10.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	695	330	370	1.8	1.7	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	385	165	225	1.0	0.8	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	65	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	140	90	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	325	200	125	0.8	1.0	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	155	85	0.6	0.8	0.5
25. Library science	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	30	30	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,240	4,865	375	13.6	24.8	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	65	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	445	375	70	1.2	1.9	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	830	730	100	2.2	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,720	1,640	80	4.5	8.3	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,485	1,445	40	3.9	7.4	0.2
48. Precision production	690	640	50	1.8	3.3	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,230	775	450	3.2	3.9	2.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	200	95	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,030	680	350	2.7	3.5	1.9
Health and related fields	2,825	495	2,325	7.4	2.5	12.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	175	100	75	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,610	385	2,225	6.8	2.0	11.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,775	1,075	705	4.6	5.5	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	925	340	580	2.4	1.7	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	200	145	55	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	655	580	70	1.7	3.0	0.4
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	38,425	19,645	18,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	18,050	9,400	8,650	47.0	47.8	46.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	20,375	10,245	10,125	53.0	52.2	53.9
Location of study inside Canada	18,295	9,240	9,055	47.6	47.0	48.2
Same as province or territory of residence	14,435	7,310	7,125	37.6	37.2	37.9
Different than province or territory of residence	3,860	1,930	1,930	10.0	9.8	10.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,075	1,005	1,070	5.4	5.1	5.7
Americas	540	260	280	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	455	245	215	1.2	1.2	1.1
Mexico	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	565	290	275	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgium	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
France	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Germany	125	70	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	50	35	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hungary	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	190	100	90	0.5	0.5	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	60	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	155	90	60	0.4	0.5	0.3
Nigeria	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	110	65	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	690	310	375	1.8	1.6	2.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	265	105	160	0.7	0.5	0.9
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	305	155	150	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	135	60	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Australia	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.3
New Zealand	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	58,700	30,005	28,695	...	...	...
In the labour force	37,675	20,300	17,375	...	...	...
Employed	34,040	18,180	15,860	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,645	2,130	1,515	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	21,025	9,695	11,325	...	...	...
Participation rate	64.2	67.7	60.6	64.2	67.7	60.6
Employment rate	58.0	60.6	55.3	58.0	60.6	55.3
Unemployment rate	9.7	10.5	8.7	9.7	10.5	8.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	58,695	30,005	28,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	20,710	9,615	11,090	35.3	32.0	38.6
Worked	37,995	20,385	17,605	64.7	67.9	61.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	19,105	10,875	8,225	32.5	36.2	28.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	18,885	9,505	9,380	32.2	31.7	32.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	40.9	40.1	40.5	40.9	40.1
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	37,675	20,305	17,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	865	465	405	2.3	2.3	2.3
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	36,805	19,835	16,975	97.7	97.7	97.7
Employee	31,870	16,960	14,915	84.6	83.5	85.8
Permanent position	25,860	13,910	11,950	68.6	68.5	68.8
Temporary position	6,010	3,050	2,965	16.0	15.0	17.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,630	710	920	4.3	3.5	5.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,380	2,335	2,045	11.6	11.5	11.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,940	2,885	2,060	13.1	14.2	11.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	37,675	20,305	17,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	865	465	405	2.3	2.3	2.3
All occupations¹⁹¹	36,805	19,835	16,975	97.7	97.7	97.7
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	355	210	145	0.9	1.0	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,725	1,050	3,680	12.5	5.2	21.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,015	1,450	565	5.3	7.1	3.3
3 Health occupations	2,590	445	2,145	6.9	2.2	12.3
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,980	1,535	3,445	13.2	7.6	19.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	860	285	570	2.3	1.4	3.3
6 Sales and service occupations	8,265	3,320	4,945	21.9	16.4	28.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,425	8,590	830	25.0	42.3	4.8
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,850	1,465	385	4.9	7.2	2.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,750	1,485	260	4.6	7.3	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	37,675	20,305	17,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	865	465	405	2.3	2.3	2.3
All industries¹⁹¹	36,805	19,835	16,975	97.7	97.7	97.7
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,105	1,635	470	5.6	8.1	2.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,010	775	240	2.7	3.8	1.4
22 Utilities	280	240	35	0.7	1.2	0.2
23 Construction	3,575	3,065	510	9.5	15.1	2.9
31-33 Manufacturing	2,485	1,985	500	6.6	9.8	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	655	465	185	1.7	2.3	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	4,070	1,940	2,130	10.8	9.6	12.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	3,240	2,470	770	8.6	12.2	4.4
51 Information and cultural industries	370	190	180	1.0	0.9	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	705	170	535	1.9	0.8	3.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	405	180	220	1.1	0.9	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,670	860	810	4.4	4.2	4.7
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,290	760	530	3.4	3.7	3.1
61 Educational services	2,930	830	2,100	7.8	4.1	12.1
62 Health care and social assistance	4,620	745	3,875	12.3	3.7	22.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	750	305	440	2.0	1.5	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	2,085	895	1,190	5.5	4.4	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,515	760	760	4.0	3.7	4.4
91 Public administration	3,015	1,555	1,460	8.0	7.7	8.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	40,900	21,870	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	39,750	21,355	18,395	97.2	97.6	96.7
French	45	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	165	95	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	155	85	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	320	145	175	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	590	260	335	1.4	1.2	1.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	40,900	21,870	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	40,795	21,820	18,980	99.7	99.8	99.7
Official languages	40,555	21,700	18,850	99.2	99.2	99.1
English	40,445	21,675	18,775	98.9	99.1	98.7
French	110	30	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	245	115	130	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	200	105	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	130	70	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	105	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	40,900	21,870	19,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	40,050	21,505	18,550	97.9	98.3	97.5
English	140	45	95	0.3	0.2	0.5
French	235	115	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	440	195	250	1.1	0.9	1.3
Indigenous³⁹	260	90	170	0.6	0.4	0.9
Non-Indigenous	180	100	80	0.4	0.5	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	34,035	18,180	15,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,660	1,590	2,075	10.8	8.7	13.1
Worked outside Canada	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,485	4,230	1,250	16.1	23.3	7.9
Usual place of work	24,875	12,350	12,525	73.1	67.9	79.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	24,870	12,350	12,525	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	16,550	8,080	8,465	66.5	65.4	67.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	6,720	3,365	3,360	27.0	27.2	26.8
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,475	820	655	5.9	6.6	5.2
Commute to a different province or territory	120	80	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	30,355	16,580	13,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	26,275	14,435	11,840	86.6	87.1	86.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	23,845	13,195	10,655	78.6	79.6	77.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,430	1,240	1,195	8.0	7.5	8.7
Public transit	585	395	190	1.9	2.4	1.4
Walked	2,475	1,125	1,355	8.2	6.8	9.8
Bicycle	485	295	185	1.6	1.8	1.3
Other method	535	330	205	1.8	2.0	1.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	30,355	16,580	13,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	19,465	9,565	9,895	64.1	57.7	71.8
15 to 29 minutes	7,030	4,240	2,785	23.2	25.6	20.2
30 to 44 minutes	1,515	950	565	5.0	5.7	4.1
45 to 59 minutes	810	575	230	2.7	3.5	1.7
60 minutes and over	1,540	1,245	305	5.1	7.5	2.2
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	30,355	16,580	13,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,980	1,545	435	6.5	9.3	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	4,230	3,015	1,215	13.9	18.2	8.8
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	7,175	4,185	2,995	23.6	25.2	21.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,850	3,545	5,310	29.2	21.4	38.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,595	1,390	2,205	11.8	8.4	16.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,520	2,905	1,615	14.9	17.5	11.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	15,950	8,165	7,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	955	480	475	6.0	5.9	6.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	14,995	7,690	7,305	94.0	94.2	93.9
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	11,530	5,850	5,680	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	710	345	360	6.2	5.9	6.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	305	160	150	2.6	2.7	2.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	400	190	210	3.5	3.2	3.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	10,825	5,500	5,320	93.9	94.0	93.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table