Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	North Vancouver Island Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	131,434	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	63,172	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	58,042	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	131,435	64,390	67,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18,530	9,570	8,960	14.1	14.9	13.4
0 to 4 years	5,180	2,675	2,505	3.9	4.2	3.7
5 to 9 years	6,575	3,355	3,225	5.0	5.2	4.8
10 to 14 years	6,775	3,545	3,230	5.2	5.5	4.8
15 to 64 years	77,135	37,645	39,490	58.7	58.5	58.9
15 to 19 years	6,165	3,245	2,920	4.7	5.0	4.4
20 to 24 years	5,185	2,755	2,430	3.9	4.3	3.6
25 to 29 years	6,065	2,990	3,075	4.6	4.6	4.6
30 to 34 years	7,120	3,480	3,640	5.4	5.4	5.4
35 to 39 years	7,835	3,825	4,015	6.0	5.9	6.0
40 to 44 years	7,685	3,725	3,960	5.8	5.8	5.9
45 to 49 years	7,375	3,605	3,770	5.6	5.6	5.6
50 to 54 years	7,785	3,695	4,090	5.9	5.7	6.1
55 to 59 years	10,165	4,755	5,405	7.7	7.4	8.1
60 to 64 years	11,750	5,570	6,185	8.9	8.7	9.2
65 years and over	35,770	17,175	18,595	27.2	26.7	27.7
65 to 69 years	11,555	5,440	6,110	8.8	8.4	9.1
70 to 74 years	10,050	4,995	5,045	7.6	7.8	7.5
75 to 79 years	6,655	3,305	3,350	5.1	5.1	5.0
80 to 84 years	3,920	1,895	2,020	3.0	2.9	3.0
85 years and over	3,595	1,535	2,065	2.7	2.4	3.1
85 to 89 years	2,270	1,025	1,245	1.7	1.6	1.9
90 to 94 years	1,000	410	585	0.8	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	285	85	195	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.1	14.9	13.4	14.1	14.9	13.4
15 to 64 years	58.7	58.5	58.9	58.7	58.5	58.9
65 years and over	27.2	26.7	27.7	27.2	26.7	27.7
85 years and over	2.7	2.4	3.1	2.7	2.4	3.1
Average age of the population	46.7	45.9	47.4	46.7	45.9	47.4
Median age of the population	50.0	48.4	50.8	50.0	48.4	50.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	38,780	...	...	66.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,935	...	...	6.8	...	...
Row house	3,455	...	...	6.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,845	...	...	3.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	7,135	...	...	12.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	80	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	85	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,725	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	17,410	...	...	30.0	...	...
2 persons	24,035	...	...	41.4	...	...
3 persons	7,545	...	...	13.0	...	...
4 persons	5,910	...	...	10.2	...	...
5 or more persons	3,145	...	...	5.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	129,100	63,330	65,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	112,900	54,820	58,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	67,900	33,825	34,070	60.1	61.7	58.7
Married	52,850	26,360	26,485	46.8	48.1	45.6
Living common-law	15,050	7,470	7,585	13.3	13.6	13.1
Living common law - Never married	9,845	4,910	4,935	8.7	9.0	8.5
Living common law - Separated	750	380	370	0.7	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	3,895	1,955	1,940	3.4	3.6	3.3
Living common law - Widowed	555	225	330	0.5	0.4	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	45,000	20,990	24,015	39.9	38.3	41.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	25,495	14,110	11,385	22.6	25.7	19.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	3,320	1,485	1,835	2.9	2.7	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	9,285	3,745	5,535	8.2	6.8	9.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	6,905	1,650	5,255	6.1	3.0	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	38,975	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	24,630	...	...	63.2	...	...
3 persons	6,970	...	...	17.9	...	...
4 persons	5,340	...	...	13.7	...	...
5 or more persons	2,035	...	...	5.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	38,970	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	33,160	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	25,650	...	...	65.8	...	...
With children⁶	9,480	...	...	24.3	...	...
Without children	16,165	...	...	41.5	...	...
Common-law couples	7,510	...	...	19.3	...	...
With children⁶	2,680	...	...	6.9	...	...
Without children	4,830	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,815	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,350	...	...	11.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,465	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	129,100	63,330	65,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	102,375	50,750	51,620	79.3	80.1	78.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	66,325	33,030	33,290	51.4	52.2	50.6
Parents in one-parent families	5,815	1,465	4,345	4.5	2.3	6.6
Children⁶	30,240	16,255	13,980	23.4	25.7	21.3
In a two-parent family	21,505	11,435	10,070	16.7	18.1	15.3
In a one-parent family	8,735	4,825	3,910	6.8	7.6	5.9
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	26,730	12,580	14,145	20.7	19.9	21.5
Living alone	17,410	7,775	9,635	13.5	12.3	14.6
Living with other relatives⁷	2,775	1,245	1,530	2.1	2.0	2.3
Living with non-relatives only	6,545	3,560	2,980	5.1	5.6	4.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	34,430	...	...	59.3	...	...
Couple-family households	30,075	...	...	51.8	...	...
With children⁶	10,865	...	...	18.7	...	...
Without children	19,210	...	...	33.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	4,360	...	...	7.5	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,145	...	...	2.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	350	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,130	...	...	3.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,570	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	17,405	...	...	30.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	110,610	53,780	56,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	107,845	52,395	55,450	97.5	97.4	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,400	34,400	39,200	46,400	34,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	107,935	52,450	55,490	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	42,000	32,000	36,400	42,000	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	96,250	47,610	48,635	87.0	88.5	85.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,000	38,800	24,800	31,000	38,800	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	69,685	35,120	34,565	63.0	65.3	60.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	41,200	26,800	32,400	41,200	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	92,980	43,405	49,575	84.1	80.7	87.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,900	13,000	12,800	12,900	13,000	12,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	10,830	5,420	5,405	9.8	10.1	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,810	11,885	13,925	23.3	22.1	24.5
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	110,620	53,785	56,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	107,740	52,430	55,305	97.4	97.5	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,240	57,450	41,520	49,240	57,450	41,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	107,900	52,520	55,380	97.5	97.6	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,520	48,640	36,720	42,520	48,640	36,720
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	96,285	47,795	48,490	87.0	88.9	85.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	51,900	34,240	43,000	51,900	34,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	69,685	35,280	34,410	63.0	65.6	60.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,560	52,050	34,800	43,560	52,050	34,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	92,545	43,215	49,335	83.7	80.3	86.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,590	12,290	12,860	12,590	12,290	12,860
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	10,650	5,345	5,300	9.6	9.9	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,620	6,390	6,850	6,620	6,390	6,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,155	11,775	13,380	22.7	21.9	23.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,780	8,440	9,080	8,780	8,440	9,080
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	110,620	53,785	56,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,510	15,270	12,235	24.9	28.4	21.5
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	66,500	52,000	58,800	66,500	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,100	75,000	57,200	67,100	75,000	57,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	31,740	14,770	16,965	28.7	27.5	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	24,600	17,200	20,000	24,600	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,680	39,400	24,960	31,680	39,400	24,960
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.0	82.4	72.4	78.0	82.4	72.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	57.2	61.0	52.2	57.2	61.0	52.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.0	17.6	27.7	22.0	17.6	27.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.4	4.2	7.0	5.4	4.2	7.0
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.3	5.3	4.2	3.3	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	110,605	53,780	56,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,765	1,390	1,375	2.5	2.6	2.4
With total income	107,845	52,390	55,450	97.5	97.4	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,345	3,360	4,985	7.7	6.4	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	13,280	5,075	8,205	12.3	9.7	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	17,820	7,275	10,545	16.5	13.9	19.0
$30,000 to $39,999	15,435	6,720	8,705	14.3	12.8	15.7
$40,000 to $49,999	12,920	5,940	6,980	12.0	11.3	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	10,130	5,020	5,115	9.4	9.6	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	7,555	4,250	3,310	7.0	8.1	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	5,970	3,585	2,380	5.5	6.9	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	4,155	2,575	1,575	3.9	4.9	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	3,245	2,080	1,170	3.0	4.0	2.1
$100,000 and over	8,990	6,510	2,475	8.3	12.4	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	6,405	4,505	1,905	5.9	8.6	3.4
$150,000 and over	2,580	2,010	575	2.4	3.8	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	110,605	53,780	56,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,665	1,330	1,335	2.4	2.5	2.3
With after-tax income	107,940	52,450	55,485	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	8,940	3,560	5,380	8.3	6.8	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	13,740	5,255	8,485	12.7	10.0	15.3
$20,000 to $29,999	20,015	8,200	11,810	18.5	15.6	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	17,440	7,800	9,640	16.2	14.9	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	14,355	6,890	7,465	13.3	13.1	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	10,410	5,635	4,775	9.6	10.7	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	7,615	4,625	2,990	7.1	8.8	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	5,030	3,165	1,865	4.7	6.0	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	3,535	2,285	1,250	3.3	4.4	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,105	1,460	645	2.0	2.8	1.2
$100,000 and over	4,750	3,570	1,180	4.4	6.8	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	2,620	1,930	690	2.4	3.7	1.3
$125,000 and over	2,130	1,640	490	2.0	3.1	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	110,605	53,780	56,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	40,915	18,665	22,260	37.0	34.7	39.2
With employment income	69,690	35,120	34,570	63.0	65.3	60.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	11,485	5,320	6,165	16.5	15.1	17.8
$5,000 to $9,999	5,815	2,390	3,430	8.3	6.8	9.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,420	3,575	4,850	12.1	10.2	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	7,385	3,145	4,245	10.6	9.0	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,595	2,850	3,740	9.5	8.1	10.8
$40,000 to $49,999	5,945	2,675	3,270	8.5	7.6	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	5,190	2,600	2,590	7.4	7.4	7.5
$60,000 to $69,999	4,235	2,515	1,720	6.1	7.2	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	3,580	2,250	1,330	5.1	6.4	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,745	1,740	1,000	3.9	5.0	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	2,285	1,485	795	3.3	4.2	2.3
$100,000 and over	6,025	4,575	1,450	8.6	13.0	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	3,040	2,170	870	4.4	6.2	2.5
$125,000 and over	2,980	2,405	580	4.3	6.8	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	110,610	53,780	56,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	105,750	51,300	54,450	95.6	95.4	95.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,600	31,000	37,200	45,600	31,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	106,015	51,330	54,680	95.8	95.4	96.2
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,800	28,600	33,600	40,800	28,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	95,980	47,295	48,685	86.8	87.9	85.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,000	40,400	25,800	32,000	40,400	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	74,915	37,855	37,060	67.7	70.4	65.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	38,400	25,800	30,800	38,400	25,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	78,085	34,800	43,285	70.6	64.7	76.2
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,300	11,700	9,600	10,300	11,700	9,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	9,370	4,880	4,490	8.5	9.1	7.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	5,520	5,160	5,320	5,520	5,160
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	110,620	53,785	56,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	105,630	51,310	54,325	95.5	95.4	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,520	56,200	39,280	47,520	56,200	39,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	105,925	51,345	54,585	95.8	95.5	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	47,120	34,080	40,400	47,120	34,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	96,120	47,365	48,755	86.9	88.1	85.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,760	53,050	34,760	43,760	53,050	34,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,140	37,960	37,180	67.9	70.6	65.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,520	49,400	33,440	41,520	49,400	33,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	77,590	34,635	42,950	70.1	64.4	75.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,460	10,750	10,230	10,460	10,750	10,230
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	9,120	4,670	4,450	8.2	8.7	7.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,810	6,760	6,860	6,810	6,760	6,860
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	110,620	53,785	56,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	27,340	15,205	12,135	24.7	28.3	21.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,200	62,800	48,400	55,200	62,800	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,000	71,200	52,800	63,000	71,200	52,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	30,500	14,125	16,375	27.6	26.3	28.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	31,400	21,800	25,600	31,400	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,400	45,000	28,960	36,400	45,000	28,960
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.8	87.0	79.4	83.8	87.0	79.4
Employment income (%)	62.1	65.0	58.3	62.1	65.0	58.3
Government transfers (%)	16.2	12.9	20.6	16.2	12.9	20.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.1	1.4	1.2	1.1	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	58,045	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	17,405	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,800	...	...	38,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,000	...	...	36,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	40,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	58,045	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	91,400	...	...	91,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	17,370	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,120	...	...	47,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,120	...	...	41,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	40,680	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,300	...	...	110,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	520	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	280	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	480	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,295	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,735	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,040	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,160	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,600	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,525	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,505	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,865	...	...	8.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	4,520	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,225	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,830	...	...	6.6	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,480	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	19,975	...	...	34.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,845	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	4,665	...	...	8.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	5,015	...	...	8.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,445	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	605	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	300	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	500	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,340	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,885	...	...	5.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,300	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,520	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,920	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,830	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,810	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	5,560	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	5,225	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	4,670	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	4,250	...	...	7.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	3,680	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,650	...	...	27.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	6,635	...	...	11.4	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,970	...	...	6.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	5,050	...	...	8.7	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	38,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	19,755	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	12,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	5,445	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,800	...	...	58,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	23,950	11,335	12,620	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,800	35,600	36,800	38,800	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	35,600	33,200	34,000	35,600	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	38,685	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,700	...	...	109,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,400	...	...	94,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	19,700	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,700	...	...	86,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,200	...	...	139,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,500	...	...	118,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,200	...	...	66,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	23,715	11,100	12,615	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,880	48,240	41,920	44,880	48,240	41,920
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,400	41,680	37,360	39,400	41,680	37,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	129,105	63,335	65,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	22,275	11,545	10,735	17.3	18.2	16.3
0 to 5 years	6,480	3,350	3,125	5.0	5.3	4.8
18 to 64 years	72,585	35,170	37,410	56.2	55.5	56.9
65 years and over	34,240	16,620	17,625	26.5	26.2	26.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	14,610	6,745	7,870	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,915	1,515	1,395	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	860	460	395	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,215	3,390	3,825	...	...	...
65 years and over	4,485	1,840	2,650	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.7	12.0	11.3	10.7	12.0
0 to 17 years (%)	13.1	13.1	13.0	13.1	13.1	13.0
0 to 5 years (%)	13.3	13.8	12.7	13.3	13.8	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.9	9.6	10.2	9.9	9.6	10.2
65 years and over (%)	13.1	11.1	15.0	13.1	11.1	15.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	125,630	61,580	64,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	21,390	11,085	10,305	17.0	18.0	16.1
0 to 5 years	6,220	3,215	3,000	5.0	5.2	4.7
18 to 64 years	70,480	34,110	36,370	56.1	55.4	56.8
65 years and over	33,760	16,385	17,375	26.9	26.6	27.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,205	2,100	2,105	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	840	440	405	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	200	120	80	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,855	1,450	1,405	...	...	...
65 years and over	510	215	295	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.4	3.3	3.4	3.4	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9	3.9
0 to 5 years (%)	3.2	3.8	2.7	3.2	3.8	2.7
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.3	3.9	4.1	4.3	3.9
65 years and over (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	129,100	63,335	65,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	68,965	32,890	36,075	53.4	51.9	54.9
In bottom decile	13,695	6,475	7,220	10.6	10.2	11.0
In second decile	13,690	6,315	7,375	10.6	10.0	11.2
In third decile	13,640	6,470	7,165	10.6	10.2	10.9
In fourth decile	13,955	6,825	7,130	10.8	10.8	10.8
In fifth decile	13,990	6,810	7,180	10.8	10.8	10.9
In top half of the distribution	60,140	30,445	29,695	46.6	48.1	45.2
In sixth decile	13,290	6,580	6,705	10.3	10.4	10.2
In seventh decile	13,310	6,725	6,580	10.3	10.6	10.0
In eighth decile	12,415	6,320	6,100	9.6	10.0	9.3
In ninth decile	11,640	5,975	5,665	9.0	9.4	8.6
In top decile	9,490	4,845	4,640	7.4	7.6	7.1
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	129,100	...	...	129,100	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.307	...	...	0.307	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.436	...	...	0.436	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.274	...	...	0.274	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	130,490	64,030	66,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	119,505	59,080	60,425	91.6	92.3	90.9
French only	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	10,615	4,790	5,825	8.1	7.5	8.8
Neither English nor French	325	145	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	130,490	64,030	66,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	127,700	62,680	65,015	97.9	97.9	97.8
French	2,345	1,150	1,195	1.8	1.8	1.8
English and French	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	290	125	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	130,490	64,030	66,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	128,635	63,180	65,455	98.6	98.7	98.5
Official languages	120,480	59,460	61,015	92.3	92.9	91.8
English	118,010	58,255	59,755	90.4	91.0	89.9
French	2,470	1,205	1,265	1.9	1.9	1.9
Non-official languages	8,155	3,720	4,435	6.2	5.8	6.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	385	210	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Algonquian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	335	185	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	205	130	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,770	3,505	4,265	6.0	5.5	6.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	365	175	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	660	220	440	0.5	0.3	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	515	175	340	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,950	2,300	2,650	3.8	3.6	4.0
Albanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	790	355	435	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	770	335	425	0.6	0.5	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	235	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	110	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	120	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,575	1,170	1,405	2.0	1.8	2.1
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,575	705	870	1.2	1.1	1.3
German	1,465	660	805	1.1	1.0	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	705	330	375	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	110	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	555	255	300	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	290	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	155	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	625	325	300	0.5	0.5	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages	570	290	275	0.4	0.5	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	330	155	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	885	400	485	0.7	0.6	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	485	205	280	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	210	70	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	270	120	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	645	275	365	0.5	0.4	0.5
Chinese languages	640	275	365	0.5	0.4	0.5
Hakka	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	285	125	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	305	130	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	60	5	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	5	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	245	120	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,855	850	1,005	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	605	290	310	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,065	485	580	0.8	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	130	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	130,490	64,030	66,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	121,635	59,970	61,665	93.2	93.7	92.8
French	520	240	285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	1,195	585	600	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,185	590	595	0.9	0.9	0.9
English and French	1,640	755	880	1.3	1.2	1.3
English and non-official language(s)	5,130	2,300	2,825	3.9	3.6	4.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	240	105	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	130,490	64,030	66,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	129,495	63,580	65,915	99.2	99.3	99.2
Official languages	127,105	62,425	64,680	97.4	97.5	97.3
English	126,335	62,065	64,265	96.8	96.9	96.7
French	770	355	415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official languages	2,390	1,155	1,235	1.8	1.8	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,370	1,150	1,220	1.8	1.8	1.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	270	110	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	220	90	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,045	510	535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Albanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	150	70	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	275	135	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	65	35	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	185	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	340	175	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	60	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	215	100	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	245	115	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	325	160	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	325	160	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	995	450	545	0.8	0.7	0.8
English and French	235	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	735	330	405	0.6	0.5	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	130,490	64,030	66,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,210	61,195	63,015	95.2	95.6	94.8
English	1,150	550	605	0.9	0.9	0.9
French	1,200	545	655	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-official language	3,265	1,445	1,825	2.5	2.3	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	240	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,030	1,335	1,690	2.3	2.1	2.5
English and French	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	310	145	165	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	129,110	63,340	65,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	128,775	63,185	65,590	99.7	99.8	99.7
English	128,745	63,180	65,565	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	10,560	4,890	5,665	8.2	7.7	8.6
Non-official languages	13,300	5,980	7,320	10.3	9.4	11.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	875	380	490	0.7	0.6	0.7
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	710	310	395	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	660	280	370	0.5	0.4	0.6
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,465	5,615	6,850	9.7	8.9	10.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	215	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	450	220	230	0.3	0.3	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	445	220	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,040	375	665	0.8	0.6	1.0
Bikol	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	105	30	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	20	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	920	335	585	0.7	0.5	0.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,690	4,005	4,685	6.7	6.3	7.1
Albanian	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	935	450	480	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	910	435	475	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Czech	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	245	115	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	245	110	135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	135	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	90	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	3,515	1,540	1,975	2.7	2.4	3.0
Frisian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	2,420	1,070	1,350	1.9	1.7	2.1
German	2,350	1,035	1,320	1.8	1.6	2.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	135	50	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	870	395	480	0.7	0.6	0.7
Afrikaans	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	605	260	345	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	350	145	200	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	175	75	100	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	965	510	450	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	905	475	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	550	275	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	555	275	280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	50	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,465	1,595	1,870	2.7	2.5	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	510	250	265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	335	155	175	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	2,740	1,220	1,520	2.1	1.9	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	475	190	285	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	360	175	185	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	170	105	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	20	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	40	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	250	80	165	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	230	75	155	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	685	300	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	680	295	385	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	370	155	210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	400	160	245	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	95	25	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	85	20	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	325	160	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	180	95	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	145	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,105	63,340	65,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	14,485	7,110	7,375	11.2	11.2	11.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	13,915	6,830	7,090	10.8	10.8	10.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	9,895	4,860	5,040	7.7	7.7	7.7
Métis	3,945	1,950	1,995	3.1	3.1	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	80	25	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	260	150	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	305	130	180	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	114,620	56,230	58,390	88.8	88.8	88.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	129,105	63,340	65,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	7,415	3,680	3,730	5.7	5.8	5.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	121,695	59,655	62,040	94.3	94.2	94.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	43,920	...	...	75.7	...	...
Renter	13,685	...	...	23.6	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	440	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	6,830	...	...	11.8	...	...
Not condominium	51,220	...	...	88.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	420	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	5,195	...	...	8.9	...	...
2 bedrooms	16,205	...	...	27.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	23,620	...	...	40.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,610	...	...	21.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	14,085	...	...	24.3	...	...
5 rooms	10,750	...	...	18.5	...	...
6 rooms	9,950	...	...	17.1	...	...
7 rooms	7,700	...	...	13.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	15,565	...	...	26.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	57,475	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	570	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	56,390	...	...	97.1	...	...
Not suitable	1,660	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,960	...	...	10.3	...	...
1961 to 1980	17,840	...	...	30.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	9,175	...	...	15.8	...	...
1991 to 2000	10,705	...	...	18.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,850	...	...	4.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	4,320	...	...	7.4	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,930	...	...	5.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,265	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	54,200	...	...	93.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,855	...	...	6.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	28,600	...	...	49.3	...	...
Two-maintainer household	27,090	...	...	46.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,360	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	58,045	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,075	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,605	...	...	9.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	8,210	...	...	14.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	8,700	...	...	15.0	...	...
55 to 64 years	12,470	...	...	21.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	13,100	...	...	22.6	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,825	...	...	11.8	...	...
85 years and over	2,050	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	56,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	45,300	...	...	80.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	11,050	...	...	19.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	10,110	...	...	17.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	58,050	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	15,265	...	...	26.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	9,965	...	...	17.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,295	...	...	2.2	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,730	...	...	4.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	155	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	910	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	185	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	42,785	...	...	73.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	55,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,670	...	...	10.2	...	...
Not in core need	49,735	...	...	89.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	42,890	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	52.6	...	...	52.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.2	...	...	14.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,213	...	...	1,213	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	617,000	...	...	617,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	13,590	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.9	...	...	10.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.8	...	...	36.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.2	...	...	23.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,100	...	...	1,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,188	...	...	1,188	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	445	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	452	...	...	452	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	460	...	...	460	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	129,110	63,340	65,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	6,195	3,160	3,040	4.8	5.0	4.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	6,110	3,105	3,005	4.7	4.9	4.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,340	2,710	2,630	4.1	4.3	4.0
Métis single ancestry	740	385	355	0.6	0.6	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	70	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	9,220	4,390	4,835	7.1	6.9	7.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	9,015	4,280	4,740	7.0	6.8	7.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,610	3,100	3,505	5.1	4.9	5.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,325	1,150	1,170	1.8	1.8	1.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	30	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	205	110	95	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	113,690	55,790	57,895	88.1	88.1	88.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	129,105	63,340	65,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	124,960	61,505	63,455	96.8	97.1	96.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	22,025	11,450	10,575	17.1	18.1	16.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	102,935	50,055	52,880	79.7	79.0	80.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	4,145	1,830	2,315	3.2	2.9	3.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	129,105	63,340	65,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	113,100	55,975	57,125	87.6	88.4	86.9
Immigrants⁸¹	15,120	6,975	8,150	11.7	11.0	12.4
Before 1980	7,555	3,515	4,045	5.9	5.5	6.2
1980 to 1990	1,815	790	1,030	1.4	1.2	1.6
1991 to 2000	1,510	645	870	1.2	1.0	1.3
2001 to 2010	1,875	865	1,015	1.5	1.4	1.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,360	1,160	1,200	1.8	1.8	1.8
2011 to 2015	1,090	530	560	0.8	0.8	0.9
2016 to 2021	1,265	630	640	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	885	395	490	0.7	0.6	0.7
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	15,120	6,975	8,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,045	1,010	1,040	13.5	14.5	12.8
5 to 14 years	2,830	1,400	1,430	18.7	20.1	17.6
15 to 24 years	3,165	1,310	1,855	20.9	18.8	22.8
25 to 44 years	6,005	2,740	3,265	39.7	39.3	40.1
45 years and over	1,070	505	565	7.1	7.2	6.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	15,120	6,975	8,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,765	1,175	1,590	18.3	16.8	19.5
Brazil	75	30	45	0.5	0.4	0.6
Colombia	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	50	25	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Guyana	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	25	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexico	100	15	85	0.7	0.2	1.0
Peru	25	10	10	0.2	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
United States of America	2,115	935	1,180	14.0	13.4	14.5
Other places of birth in Americas	295	110	185	2.0	1.6	2.3
Europe	8,485	4,145	4,335	56.1	59.4	53.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Croatia	50	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
France	265	125	145	1.8	1.8	1.8
Germany	1,095	485	615	7.2	7.0	7.6
Greece	40	25	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Hungary	70	40	35	0.5	0.6	0.4
Italy	190	130	60	1.3	1.9	0.7
Netherlands	465	200	260	3.1	2.9	3.2
Poland	180	80	100	1.2	1.1	1.2
Portugal	85	55	35	0.6	0.8	0.4
Romania	90	60	30	0.6	0.9	0.4
Russian Federation	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.4
Serbia⁸⁶	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	50	25	30	0.3	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,635	2,265	2,370	30.7	32.5	29.1
Other places of birth in Europe	1,135	575	560	7.5	8.2	6.9
Africa	600	280	320	4.0	4.0	3.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrea	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	335	140	195	2.2	2.0	2.4
Other places of birth in Africa	160	80	80	1.1	1.1	1.0
Asia	2,790	1,160	1,635	18.5	16.6	20.1
Afghanistan	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Turkey	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	190	90	100	1.3	1.3	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	100	35	60	0.7	0.5	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	265	130	135	1.8	1.9	1.7
Taiwan	55	35	25	0.4	0.5	0.3
Philippines	905	305	595	6.0	4.4	7.3
Viet Nam	365	170	190	2.4	2.4	2.3
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	355	175	180	2.3	2.5	2.2
Pakistan	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Sri Lanka	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other places of birth in Asia	385	115	270	2.5	1.6	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	480	210	265	3.2	3.0	3.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,270	625	640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	255	140	110	20.1	22.4	17.2
Brazil	15	10	0	1.2	1.6	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
Mexico	10	10	0	0.8	1.6	0.0
United States of America	145	85	60	11.4	13.6	9.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Other places of birth in Americas	75	30	45	5.9	4.8	7.0
Europe	320	185	135	25.2	29.6	21.1
France	40	20	15	3.1	3.2	2.3
Germany	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.6
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	1.2	2.4	0.0
Italy	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	10	1.2	0.0	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135	85	45	10.6	13.6	7.0
Other places of birth in Europe	100	50	45	7.9	8.0	7.0
Africa	130	65	65	10.2	10.4	10.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	15	10	10	1.2	1.6	1.6
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	10	1.2	1.6	1.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	55	20	35	4.3	3.2	5.5
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	30	20	10	2.4	3.2	1.6
Asia	485	210	275	38.2	33.6	43.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	0	0	1.2	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	65	50	9.4	10.4	7.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	15	1.6	0.0	2.3
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	30	25	4.3	4.8	3.9
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	15	0	15	1.2	0.0	2.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	165	60	100	13.0	9.6	15.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	1.2	1.6	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	35	10	25	2.8	1.6	3.9
Other places of birth in Asia	25	0	15	2.0	0.0	2.3
Oceania and other⁹³	75	25	50	5.9	4.0	7.8
Australia	65	25	40	5.1	4.0	6.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.6
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	129,105	63,340	65,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	17,715	8,210	9,505	13.7	13.0	14.5
Second generation¹⁰¹	22,540	10,980	11,565	17.5	17.3	17.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	88,860	44,155	44,700	68.8	69.7	68.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	7,565	3,460	4,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	3,885	1,905	1,980	51.4	55.1	48.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,830	1,010	820	24.2	29.2	20.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	2,060	890	1,160	27.2	25.7	28.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,995	1,180	1,805	39.6	34.1	44.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	625	345	280	8.3	10.0	6.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	60	25	35	0.8	0.7	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	7,565	3,460	4,105	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	100	55	50	1.3	1.6	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,830	860	970	24.2	24.9	23.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	255	90	170	3.4	2.6	4.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	385	155	225	5.1	4.5	5.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	130	25	105	1.7	0.7	2.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	4,850	2,265	2,590	64.1	65.5	63.1
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	129,110	63,335	65,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,885	3,220	3,660	5.3	5.1	5.6
South Asian	1,275	645	630	1.0	1.0	1.0
Chinese	1,035	510	530	0.8	0.8	0.8
Black	695	380	310	0.5	0.6	0.5
Filipino	1,240	495	745	1.0	0.8	1.1
Arab	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	455	195	260	0.4	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	710	315	400	0.5	0.5	0.6
West Asian	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	405	205	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	505	210	300	0.4	0.3	0.5
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	215	90	125	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	122,225	60,120	62,105	94.7	94.9	94.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	129,105	63,340	65,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	16,400	8,355	8,050	12.7	13.2	12.2
English	42,355	20,455	21,900	32.8	32.3	33.3
Irish	25,190	11,700	13,485	19.5	18.5	20.5
Scottish	32,995	15,635	17,355	25.6	24.7	26.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	12,315	5,745	6,570	9.5	9.1	10.0
German	17,745	8,530	9,215	13.7	13.5	14.0
Chinese	1,215	570	640	0.9	0.9	1.0
Italian	3,945	1,970	1,975	3.1	3.1	3.0
Indian (India)	870	420	450	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ukrainian	6,800	3,120	3,680	5.3	4.9	5.6
Dutch	6,200	3,040	3,160	4.8	4.8	4.8
Polish	3,840	1,725	2,115	3.0	2.7	3.2
Québécois	295	140	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	7,325	3,575	3,755	5.7	5.6	5.7
Filipino	1,200	500	705	0.9	0.8	1.1
French Canadian	1,505	685	820	1.2	1.1	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,740	1,410	1,335	2.1	2.2	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	6,305	3,140	3,160	4.9	5.0	4.8
Métis	3,335	1,690	1,650	2.6	2.7	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	3,920	2,020	1,900	3.0	3.2	2.9
Russian	2,585	1,185	1,395	2.0	1.9	2.1
Norwegian	5,740	2,740	3,000	4.4	4.3	4.6
Welsh	4,510	2,145	2,365	3.5	3.4	3.6
Portuguese	665	325	335	0.5	0.5	0.5
American	2,475	1,240	1,245	1.9	2.0	1.9
Spanish	880	395	485	0.7	0.6	0.7
Swedish	4,370	2,020	2,350	3.4	3.2	3.6
Hungarian	1,445	665	775	1.1	1.0	1.2
Acadian	385	180	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	265	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	655	285	365	0.5	0.4	0.6
Punjabi	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	495	245	250	0.4	0.4	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	450	195	260	0.3	0.3	0.4
Jamaican	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	155	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	870	430	435	0.7	0.7	0.7
Korean	385	195	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	590	320	270	0.5	0.5	0.4
Lebanese	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	225	110	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,315	1,065	1,250	1.8	1.7	1.9
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	1,315	610	705	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sikh	120	70	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,340	640	705	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belgian	730	335	395	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	390	175	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	415	230	185	0.3	0.4	0.3
Swiss	1,155	550	605	0.9	0.9	0.9
Finnish	1,935	925	1,005	1.5	1.5	1.5
Sri Lankan	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	320	150	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	575	235	350	0.4	0.4	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	335	185	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,080	550	530	0.8	0.9	0.8
Muslim	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,215	580	635	0.9	0.9	1.0
Colombian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	520	255	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syrian	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	105	70	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	210	110	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	235	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	120	75	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	80	20	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	60	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	240	110	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	285	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	50	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	60	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	65	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	265	125	140	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	310	155	160	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	505	220	285	0.4	0.3	0.4
Palestinian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	235	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	110	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	245	105	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	200	130	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	125	50	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	225	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	255	135	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	865	480	385	0.7	0.8	0.6
Ecuadorian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	55	40	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jatt	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	85	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	100	20	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	60	35	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	275	140	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	35	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	75	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Honduran	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	30	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	129,110	63,340	65,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	585	230	355	0.5	0.4	0.5
Christian	40,605	17,995	22,615	31.4	28.4	34.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	9,170	4,255	4,910	7.1	6.7	7.5
Anabaptist	300	160	140	0.2	0.3	0.2
Anglican	5,830	2,535	3,295	4.5	4.0	5.0
Baptist	1,635	710	920	1.3	1.1	1.4
Catholic	11,275	5,180	6,095	8.7	8.2	9.3
Christian Orthodox	365	165	200	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	720	315	400	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	310	135	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	1,340	565	780	1.0	0.9	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	200	95	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	1,195	565	630	0.9	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	805	345	465	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	70	30	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Church	4,930	1,815	3,120	3.8	2.9	4.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,475	1,115	1,360	1.9	1.8	2.1
Hindu	335	160	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	300	130	170	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	255	125	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sikh	460	215	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	405	190	215	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,925	680	1,240	1.5	1.1	1.9
No religion and secular perspectives	84,240	43,610	40,625	65.2	68.9	61.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	128,115	62,840	65,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	111,580	54,765	56,815	87.1	87.1	87.0
Movers	16,530	8,075	8,455	12.9	12.9	13.0
Non-migrants	7,680	3,780	3,905	6.0	6.0	6.0
Migrants	8,855	4,300	4,555	6.9	6.8	7.0
Internal migrants	8,315	4,070	4,245	6.5	6.5	6.5
Intraprovincial migrants	6,150	3,025	3,125	4.8	4.8	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,160	1,045	1,120	1.7	1.7	1.7
External migrants	540	230	310	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	123,855	60,580	63,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	70,015	34,390	35,625	56.5	56.8	56.3
Movers	53,835	26,190	27,645	43.5	43.2	43.7
Non-migrants	16,065	7,850	8,220	13.0	13.0	13.0
Migrants	37,770	18,345	19,425	30.5	30.3	30.7
Internal migrants	35,510	17,250	18,265	28.7	28.5	28.9
Intraprovincial migrants	27,520	13,375	14,145	22.2	22.1	22.4
Interprovincial migrants	7,990	3,870	4,115	6.5	6.4	6.5
External migrants	2,260	1,095	1,165	1.8	1.8	1.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	110,615	53,785	56,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	19,780	11,100	8,680	17.9	20.6	15.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	90,840	42,685	48,155	82.1	79.4	84.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,145	31,215	33,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	8,380	4,905	3,470	12.9	15.7	10.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	56,760	26,310	30,455	87.1	84.3	89.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	110,620	53,785	56,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	16,575	9,080	7,495	15.0	16.9	13.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	35,025	16,810	18,215	31.7	31.3	32.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	59,015	27,890	31,125	53.3	51.9	54.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	37,885	18,810	19,075	34.2	35.0	33.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	11,875	8,995	2,880	10.7	16.7	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,970	2,960	2,000	4.5	5.5	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,905	6,025	880	6.2	11.2	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,760	8,700	14,065	20.6	16.2	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,250	1,120	2,130	2.9	2.1	3.7
Bachelor's degree or higher	21,135	9,085	12,050	19.1	16.9	21.2
Bachelor's degree	13,255	5,640	7,610	12.0	10.5	13.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,700	680	1,015	1.5	1.3	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	710	400	305	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	4,850	1,990	2,860	4.4	3.7	5.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	625	370	255	0.6	0.7	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	65,140	31,215	33,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	6,680	3,870	2,810	10.3	12.4	8.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	19,655	9,770	9,885	30.2	31.3	29.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	38,805	17,575	21,235	59.6	56.3	62.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,650	11,980	12,670	37.8	38.4	37.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,495	5,620	1,870	11.5	18.0	5.5
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,200	1,875	1,320	4.9	6.0	3.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,300	3,745	555	6.6	12.0	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,065	5,630	9,435	23.1	18.0	27.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,090	725	1,365	3.2	2.3	4.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,155	5,590	8,565	21.7	17.9	25.2
Bachelor's degree	9,100	3,665	5,435	14.0	11.7	16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,040	360	685	1.6	1.2	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	525	250	275	0.8	0.8	0.8
Master's degree	3,230	1,190	2,040	5.0	3.8	6.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	260	130	135	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	110,620	53,785	56,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	51,600	25,890	25,710	46.6	48.1	45.2
Education	4,965	1,280	3,685	4.5	2.4	6.5
13. Education	4,965	1,280	3,685	4.5	2.4	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,150	850	1,300	1.9	1.6	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	200	150	50	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,955	700	1,255	1.8	1.3	2.2
Humanities	2,485	1,020	1,460	2.2	1.9	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	240	60	175	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	705	250	450	0.6	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	645	240	400	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	105	30	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	150	85	65	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	270	165	105	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	290	155	130	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	80	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,570	1,805	3,770	5.0	3.4	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	470	190	285	0.4	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,245	85	1,160	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	715	205	510	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	150	40	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	960	270	690	0.9	0.5	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,955	1,000	960	1.8	1.9	1.7
Business, management and public administration	9,710	3,135	6,575	8.8	5.8	11.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,195	240	950	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,500	2,890	5,615	7.7	5.4	9.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,215	1,190	1,020	2.0	2.2	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	975	445	530	0.9	0.8	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	365	210	160	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	675	480	190	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	145	35	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,180	665	515	1.1	1.2	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	870	545	330	0.8	1.0	0.6
25. Library science	140	0	135	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	150	110	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	12,620	11,770	855	11.4	21.9	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	235	130	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	1,365	1,220	145	1.2	2.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,430	2,140	285	2.2	4.0	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,535	3,415	120	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,635	3,520	120	3.3	6.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,420	1,335	90	1.3	2.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,755	1,700	1,055	2.5	3.2	1.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,130	485	645	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,625	1,215	410	1.5	2.3	0.7
Health and related fields	10,675	1,760	8,920	9.7	3.3	15.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	620	240	380	0.6	0.4	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	9,820	1,375	8,445	8.9	2.6	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	210	145	75	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,670	2,715	1,960	4.2	5.0	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,490	855	1,630	2.3	1.6	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	115	90	25	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	540	390	150	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,510	1,360	155	1.4	2.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	65,145	31,215	33,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	26,340	13,645	12,695	40.4	43.7	37.4
Education	2,535	555	1,970	3.9	1.8	5.8
13. Education	2,535	555	1,970	3.9	1.8	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,515	580	925	2.3	1.9	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	115	95	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,395	490	910	2.1	1.6	2.7
Humanities	1,420	555	870	2.2	1.8	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	135	45	90	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	375	115	250	0.6	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	355	115	240	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	60	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	90	65	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	180	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,910	1,120	2,790	6.0	3.6	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	65	15	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	365	135	225	0.6	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	930	65	865	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	480	95	385	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	105	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	625	135	495	1.0	0.4	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,345	640	700	2.1	2.1	2.1
Business, management and public administration	6,550	2,045	4,495	10.1	6.6	13.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	840	145	685	1.3	0.5	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,700	1,900	3,795	8.7	6.1	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,455	710	745	2.2	2.3	2.2
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	660	270	390	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	260	145	120	0.4	0.5	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	405	250	145	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	780	465	315	1.2	1.5	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	645	410	235	1.0	1.3	0.7
25. Library science	60	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	7,890	7,215	675	12.1	23.1	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
14. Engineering	905	775	130	1.4	2.5	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,460	1,255	205	2.2	4.0	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,275	2,170	105	3.5	7.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,220	2,130	90	3.4	6.8	0.3
48. Precision production	875	805	75	1.3	2.6	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,025	1,185	840	3.1	3.8	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	800	325	475	1.2	1.0	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,225	865	360	1.9	2.8	1.1
Health and related fields	7,470	1,300	6,170	11.5	4.2	18.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	480	180	300	0.7	0.6	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,805	1,010	5,795	10.4	3.2	17.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	105	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,245	1,825	1,420	5.0	5.8	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,815	625	1,180	2.8	2.0	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	395	280	115	0.6	0.9	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	995	880	115	1.5	2.8	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	65,145	31,215	33,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	26,340	13,645	12,695	40.4	43.7	37.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	38,805	17,570	21,235	59.6	56.3	62.6
Location of study inside Canada	34,870	15,790	19,085	53.5	50.6	56.3
Same as province or territory of residence	24,990	11,065	13,920	38.4	35.4	41.0
Different than province or territory of residence	9,880	4,720	5,160	15.2	15.1	15.2
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,935	1,785	2,150	6.0	5.7	6.3
Americas	1,110	500	615	1.7	1.6	1.8
United States of America	990	445	545	1.5	1.4	1.6
Mexico	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,405	690	715	2.2	2.2	2.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	70	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romania	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	35	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukraine	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	725	370	355	1.1	1.2	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	35	15	15	0.1	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	175	90	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Africa	165	95	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Asia	970	380	590	1.5	1.2	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	60	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Philippines	390	130	255	0.6	0.4	0.8
Viet Nam	35	15	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	215	115	105	0.3	0.4	0.3
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	285	120	160	0.4	0.4	0.5
Australia	190	65	125	0.3	0.2	0.4
New Zealand	90	55	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	110,620	53,785	56,835	...	...	...
In the labour force	61,695	31,375	30,320	...	...	...
Employed	56,455	28,500	27,965	...	...	...
Unemployed	5,235	2,880	2,360	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	48,925	22,405	26,520	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.8	58.3	53.3	55.8	58.3	53.3
Employment rate	51.0	53.0	49.2	51.0	53.0	49.2
Unemployment rate	8.5	9.2	7.8	8.5	9.2	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	110,620	53,785	56,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	47,835	21,815	26,020	43.2	40.6	45.8
Worked	62,780	31,965	30,815	56.8	59.4	54.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	28,640	15,945	12,700	25.9	29.6	22.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	34,140	16,025	18,120	30.9	29.8	31.9
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.0	40.3	39.7	40.0	40.3	39.7
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	61,695	31,375	30,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,185	635	550	1.9	2.0	1.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	60,505	30,740	29,765	98.1	98.0	98.2
Employee	48,720	24,055	24,665	79.0	76.7	81.4
Permanent position	40,275	20,070	20,200	65.3	64.0	66.6
Temporary position	8,445	3,980	4,465	13.7	12.7	14.7
Fixed term (1 year or more)	2,265	1,115	1,155	3.7	3.6	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	6,180	2,870	3,310	10.0	9.1	10.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	11,785	6,685	5,095	19.1	21.3	16.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	61,695	31,375	30,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,185	635	550	1.9	2.0	1.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	60,505	30,740	29,765	98.1	98.0	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	535	320	220	0.9	1.0	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,900	1,950	5,955	12.8	6.2	19.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,765	2,815	950	6.1	9.0	3.1
3 Health occupations	5,530	1,085	4,445	9.0	3.5	14.7
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	7,520	2,500	5,020	12.2	8.0	16.6
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,970	755	1,215	3.2	2.4	4.0
6 Sales and service occupations	15,770	6,280	9,490	25.6	20.0	31.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	12,135	10,900	1,235	19.7	34.7	4.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,720	2,865	855	6.0	9.1	2.8
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,665	1,270	390	2.7	4.0	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	61,695	31,375	30,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,185	635	550	1.9	2.0	1.8
All industries¹⁹¹	60,505	30,740	29,765	98.1	98.0	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	4,555	3,365	1,190	7.4	10.7	3.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,130	1,035	95	1.8	3.3	0.3
22 Utilities	295	275	20	0.5	0.9	0.1
23 Construction	5,780	4,945	840	9.4	15.8	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,090	1,445	650	3.4	4.6	2.1
41 Wholesale trade	960	710	250	1.6	2.3	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	7,850	3,660	4,190	12.7	11.7	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,595	1,845	750	4.2	5.9	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	725	405	320	1.2	1.3	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	1,230	460	765	2.0	1.5	2.5
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	980	420	560	1.6	1.3	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,790	1,865	1,930	6.1	5.9	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,535	1,470	1,065	4.1	4.7	3.5
61 Educational services	4,005	1,030	2,970	6.5	3.3	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	9,055	1,675	7,380	14.7	5.3	24.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,495	695	800	2.4	2.2	2.6
72 Accommodation and food services	4,320	1,685	2,640	7.0	5.4	8.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,750	1,300	1,450	4.5	4.1	4.8
91 Public administration	4,295	2,435	1,865	7.0	7.8	6.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	67,865	34,465	33,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	66,315	33,765	32,545	97.7	98.0	97.4
French	160	50	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official language	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	85	50	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	730	375	355	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	545	200	340	0.8	0.6	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	67,865	34,465	33,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	67,730	34,380	33,350	99.8	99.8	99.9
Official languages	67,540	34,275	33,265	99.5	99.4	99.6
English	67,285	34,210	33,075	99.1	99.3	99.0
French	255	65	190	0.4	0.2	0.6
Non-official languages	190	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	180	105	65	0.3	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	60	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	40	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	30	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	135	80	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	67,865	34,465	33,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	66,680	33,925	32,750	98.3	98.4	98.1
English	190	70	120	0.3	0.2	0.4
French	565	315	245	0.8	0.9	0.7
Non-official language	400	140	260	0.6	0.4	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	315	115	200	0.5	0.3	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	56,460	28,500	27,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,700	3,900	4,795	15.4	13.7	17.1
Worked outside Canada	115	85	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	10,485	7,955	2,530	18.6	27.9	9.0
Usual place of work	37,160	16,555	20,605	65.8	58.1	73.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	37,160	16,555	20,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	20,100	8,470	11,625	54.1	51.2	56.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	11,945	5,260	6,680	32.1	31.8	32.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,570	2,385	2,185	12.3	14.4	10.6
Commute to a different province or territory	550	445	105	1.5	2.7	0.5
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	47,645	24,510	23,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	40,875	20,990	19,885	85.8	85.6	86.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	37,755	19,445	18,310	79.2	79.3	79.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	3,115	1,545	1,570	6.5	6.3	6.8
Public transit	1,045	540	505	2.2	2.2	2.2
Walked	2,875	1,175	1,700	6.0	4.8	7.3
Bicycle	1,065	630	435	2.2	2.6	1.9
Other method	1,785	1,175	610	3.7	4.8	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	47,645	24,510	23,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	24,065	10,945	13,115	50.5	44.7	56.7
15 to 29 minutes	14,145	7,155	6,990	29.7	29.2	30.2
30 to 44 minutes	4,250	2,565	1,690	8.9	10.5	7.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,840	1,145	690	3.9	4.7	3.0
60 minutes and over	3,345	2,700	645	7.0	11.0	2.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	47,645	24,510	23,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,785	2,035	745	5.8	8.3	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	7,205	4,435	2,770	15.1	18.1	12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	12,210	6,865	5,345	25.6	28.0	23.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	12,340	5,185	7,155	25.9	21.2	30.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	6,970	2,625	4,340	14.6	10.7	18.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,145	3,375	2,770	12.9	13.8	12.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	22,735	11,780	10,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,120	1,075	1,040	9.3	9.1	9.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	20,620	10,700	9,910	90.7	90.8	90.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	17,100	8,870	8,230	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,645	845	805	9.6	9.5	9.8
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	970	465	505	5.7	5.2	6.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	680	380	295	4.0	4.3	3.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,455	8,030	7,425	90.4	90.5	90.2

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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