Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Fraser East Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	323,854	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	124,800	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	118,152	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	323,855	160,990	162,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	56,865	29,405	27,460	17.6	18.3	16.9
0 to 4 years	17,375	8,950	8,425	5.4	5.6	5.2
5 to 9 years	19,405	9,985	9,415	6.0	6.2	5.8
10 to 14 years	20,090	10,475	9,620	6.2	6.5	5.9
15 to 64 years	204,120	102,530	101,590	63.0	63.7	62.4
15 to 19 years	18,905	9,875	9,030	5.8	6.1	5.5
20 to 24 years	18,600	9,635	8,970	5.7	6.0	5.5
25 to 29 years	19,635	9,990	9,655	6.1	6.2	5.9
30 to 34 years	21,410	10,845	10,565	6.6	6.7	6.5
35 to 39 years	22,525	11,295	11,230	7.0	7.0	6.9
40 to 44 years	20,265	10,070	10,195	6.3	6.3	6.3
45 to 49 years	19,450	9,670	9,780	6.0	6.0	6.0
50 to 54 years	19,920	9,895	10,025	6.2	6.1	6.2
55 to 59 years	21,610	10,750	10,855	6.7	6.7	6.7
60 to 64 years	21,800	10,500	11,295	6.7	6.5	6.9
65 years and over	62,865	29,055	33,810	19.4	18.0	20.8
65 to 69 years	19,265	9,125	10,145	5.9	5.7	6.2
70 to 74 years	16,810	7,940	8,865	5.2	4.9	5.4
75 to 79 years	11,535	5,500	6,035	3.6	3.4	3.7
80 to 84 years	7,725	3,500	4,225	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	7,535	2,990	4,540	2.3	1.9	2.8
85 to 89 years	4,575	2,000	2,570	1.4	1.2	1.6
90 to 94 years	2,295	830	1,460	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	585	145	440	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	85	15	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	17.6	18.3	16.9	17.6	18.3	16.9
15 to 64 years	63.0	63.7	62.4	63.0	63.7	62.4
65 years and over	19.4	18.0	20.8	19.4	18.0	20.8
85 years and over	2.3	1.9	2.8	2.3	1.9	2.8
Average age of the population	41.5	40.5	42.4	41.5	40.5	42.4
Median age of the population	40.8	39.6	42.0	40.8	39.6	42.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	118,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	59,290	...	...	50.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	3,490	...	...	3.0	...	...
Row house	11,775	...	...	10.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	15,830	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	23,360	...	...	19.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,450	...	...	1.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	125	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,825	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	118,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	29,910	...	...	25.3	...	...
2 persons	39,530	...	...	33.5	...	...
3 persons	16,500	...	...	14.0	...	...
4 persons	16,050	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	16,160	...	...	13.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	317,540	157,375	160,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	266,985	131,580	135,405	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	157,375	78,750	78,630	58.9	59.8	58.1
Married	135,150	67,690	67,460	50.6	51.4	49.8
Living common-law	22,225	11,055	11,170	8.3	8.4	8.2
Living common law - Never married	15,065	7,585	7,480	5.6	5.8	5.5
Living common law - Separated	1,425	735	690	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	5,080	2,505	2,580	1.9	1.9	1.9
Living common law - Widowed	655	235	415	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	109,610	52,835	56,775	41.1	40.2	41.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	69,670	39,220	30,445	26.1	29.8	22.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	7,610	3,330	4,280	2.9	2.5	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	16,945	6,780	10,165	6.3	5.2	7.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	15,385	3,510	11,875	5.8	2.7	8.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	89,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	45,890	...	...	51.0	...	...
3 persons	17,655	...	...	19.6	...	...
4 persons	17,335	...	...	19.3	...	...
5 or more persons	9,075	...	...	10.1	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.9	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	89,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	76,145	...	...	84.6	...	...
Married couples	65,035	...	...	72.3	...	...
With children⁶	34,080	...	...	37.9	...	...
Without children	30,955	...	...	34.4	...	...
Common-law couples	11,110	...	...	12.4	...	...
With children⁶	4,385	...	...	4.9	...	...
Without children	6,725	...	...	7.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	13,810	...	...	15.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	10,565	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	3,250	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	317,535	157,370	160,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	263,405	131,490	131,915	83.0	83.6	82.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	152,295	76,020	76,275	48.0	48.3	47.6
Parents in one-parent families	13,810	3,250	10,560	4.3	2.1	6.6
Children⁶	97,305	52,225	45,080	30.6	33.2	28.1
In a two-parent family	75,650	40,290	35,355	23.8	25.6	22.1
In a one-parent family	21,655	11,930	9,720	6.8	7.6	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	54,135	25,885	28,250	17.0	16.4	17.6
Living alone	29,910	13,655	16,250	9.4	8.7	10.1
Living with other relatives⁷	10,375	4,420	5,955	3.3	2.8	3.7
Living with non-relatives only	13,845	7,805	6,045	4.4	5.0	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	118,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	68,525	...	...	58.0	...	...
Couple-family households	59,225	...	...	50.1	...	...
With children⁶	29,065	...	...	24.6	...	...
Without children	30,160	...	...	25.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	9,300	...	...	7.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	7,345	...	...	6.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,685	...	...	1.4	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	5,680	...	...	4.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,010	...	...	4.2	...	...
One-person households	29,910	...	...	25.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	260,735	127,990	132,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	252,500	123,870	128,630	96.8	96.8	96.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,800	33,200	38,400	46,800	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	252,730	123,990	128,740	96.9	96.9	97.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,600	42,000	31,000	35,600	42,000	31,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	221,070	111,455	109,615	84.8	87.1	82.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	44,000	24,600	33,200	44,000	24,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	179,125	93,160	85,970	68.7	72.8	64.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	46,800	27,400	36,000	46,800	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	212,775	98,360	114,410	81.6	76.8	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,500	8,500	12,000	10,500	8,500	12,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	24,630	10,050	14,575	9.4	7.9	11.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,040	5,560	5,480	5,040	5,560
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	63,595	29,110	34,485	24.4	22.7	26.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	260,690	128,135	132,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	252,375	123,875	128,500	96.8	96.7	96.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,360	56,750	40,280	48,360	56,750	40,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	252,610	124,010	128,600	96.9	96.8	97.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,880	48,040	35,960	41,880	48,040	35,960
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	221,025	111,370	109,660	84.8	86.9	82.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,120	53,950	34,120	44,120	53,950	34,120
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	179,125	93,305	85,820	68.7	72.8	64.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,880	53,800	35,160	44,880	53,800	35,160
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	212,645	98,480	114,170	81.6	76.9	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,550	10,370	12,560	11,550	10,370	12,560
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	24,485	9,890	14,595	9.4	7.7	11.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	5,725	7,030	6,500	5,725	7,030
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	63,175	29,155	34,020	24.2	22.8	25.7
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,640	8,350	8,880	8,640	8,350	8,880
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	260,690	128,135	132,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	83,275	49,845	33,435	31.9	38.9	25.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	67,000	50,800	59,200	67,000	50,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	73,700	56,250	66,700	73,700	56,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	70,570	31,070	39,505	27.1	24.2	29.8
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,200	22,200	15,900	18,200	22,200	15,900
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,280	33,320	22,560	27,280	33,320	22,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.8	85.4	72.2	79.8	85.4	72.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	65.8	71.4	58.3	65.8	71.4	58.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.1	14.5	27.7	20.1	14.5	27.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	2.0	1.3	0.8	2.0
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	4.4	7.7	5.8	4.4	7.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.5	5.8	4.5	3.5	5.8
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	260,740	127,985	132,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	8,235	4,115	4,115	3.2	3.2	3.1
With total income	252,505	123,870	128,630	96.8	96.8	96.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	22,565	9,490	13,075	8.9	7.7	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	33,100	12,945	20,155	13.1	10.5	15.7
$20,000 to $29,999	41,535	16,945	24,590	16.4	13.7	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	33,685	13,895	19,785	13.3	11.2	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	28,255	12,730	15,525	11.2	10.3	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	23,185	11,780	11,405	9.2	9.5	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	17,945	10,415	7,530	7.1	8.4	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	13,590	8,595	4,995	5.4	6.9	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	10,105	6,630	3,475	4.0	5.4	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	7,875	5,250	2,625	3.1	4.2	2.0
$100,000 and over	20,650	15,185	5,465	8.2	12.3	4.3
$100,000 to $149,999	15,040	10,770	4,270	6.0	8.7	3.3
$150,000 and over	5,610	4,420	1,195	2.2	3.6	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	260,740	127,985	132,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	8,005	4,000	4,005	3.1	3.1	3.0
With after-tax income	252,730	123,995	128,740	96.9	96.9	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	23,490	9,850	13,635	9.3	7.9	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	34,115	13,370	20,745	13.5	10.8	16.1
$20,000 to $29,999	46,430	19,005	27,430	18.4	15.3	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	38,585	16,490	22,090	15.3	13.3	17.2
$40,000 to $49,999	32,140	15,610	16,530	12.7	12.6	12.8
$50,000 to $59,999	24,645	13,750	10,895	9.8	11.1	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	17,235	10,835	6,400	6.8	8.7	5.0
$70,000 to $79,999	12,215	7,995	4,220	4.8	6.5	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	8,270	5,575	2,695	3.3	4.5	2.1
$90,000 to $99,999	5,175	3,660	1,515	2.0	2.9	1.2
$100,000 and over	10,425	7,855	2,575	4.1	6.3	2.0
$100,000 to $124,999	5,850	4,305	1,540	2.3	3.5	1.2
$125,000 and over	4,580	3,540	1,035	1.8	2.9	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	260,740	127,985	132,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	81,610	34,830	46,780	31.3	27.2	35.2
With employment income	179,125	93,155	85,965	68.7	72.8	64.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	23,875	10,550	13,325	13.3	11.3	15.5
$5,000 to $9,999	14,555	5,815	8,740	8.1	6.2	10.2
$10,000 to $19,999	22,435	9,205	13,225	12.5	9.9	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	17,840	7,565	10,275	10.0	8.1	12.0
$30,000 to $39,999	17,690	7,955	9,730	9.9	8.5	11.3
$40,000 to $49,999	16,300	8,120	8,175	9.1	8.7	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	14,990	8,175	6,825	8.4	8.8	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	12,325	7,675	4,650	6.9	8.2	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	9,670	6,535	3,135	5.4	7.0	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	7,885	5,440	2,445	4.4	5.8	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	6,230	4,295	1,940	3.5	4.6	2.3
$100,000 and over	15,320	11,825	3,500	8.5	12.7	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	8,165	6,020	2,145	4.6	6.5	2.5
$125,000 and over	7,150	5,795	1,355	4.0	6.2	1.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	260,735	127,990	132,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	245,750	120,295	125,455	94.3	94.0	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,000	45,200	29,400	36,000	45,200	29,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	246,290	120,390	125,900	94.5	94.1	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,400	27,400	32,800	40,400	27,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	218,845	109,835	109,005	83.9	85.8	82.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	44,800	25,600	33,600	44,800	25,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	184,500	95,115	89,385	70.8	74.3	67.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	45,600	26,800	34,800	45,600	26,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	172,720	73,250	99,475	66.2	57.2	74.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,850	6,360	8,400	7,850	6,360	8,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	19,835	7,760	12,080	7.6	6.1	9.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,280	4,800	5,600	5,280	4,800	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	260,690	128,135	132,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	245,625	120,255	125,365	94.2	93.9	94.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,920	55,250	37,000	45,920	55,250	37,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	246,255	120,385	125,865	94.5	94.0	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,240	46,240	32,560	39,240	46,240	32,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	218,720	109,585	109,140	83.9	85.5	82.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,240	54,750	33,720	44,240	54,750	33,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	184,275	94,975	89,300	70.7	74.1	67.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,480	52,850	33,520	43,480	52,850	33,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	172,225	73,020	99,210	66.1	57.0	74.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,310	8,850	9,650	9,310	8,850	9,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,660	7,730	11,930	7.5	6.0	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,890	5,895	7,540	6,890	5,895	7,540
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	260,690	128,135	132,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	82,645	49,410	33,235	31.7	38.6	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	63,600	46,400	55,600	63,600	46,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,900	70,600	51,500	62,900	70,600	51,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	66,160	29,025	37,130	25.4	22.7	28.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,800	28,400	20,000	22,800	28,400	20,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,080	39,680	26,160	32,080	39,680	26,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.8	90.2	79.4	85.8	90.2	79.4
Employment income (%)	71.0	75.6	64.6	71.0	75.6	64.6
Government transfers (%)	14.2	9.7	20.6	14.2	9.7	20.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.7	1.9	1.2	0.7	1.9
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	118,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	29,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	88,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	118,165	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,300	...	...	103,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	89,500	...	...	89,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	29,935	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,840	...	...	48,840	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,480	...	...	42,480	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	88,230	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	121,700	...	...	121,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,500	...	...	105,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	118,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,035	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	510	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	920	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,385	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,800	...	...	4.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,585	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,755	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,395	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,515	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,265	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,575	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,030	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,670	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,230	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,850	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	49,615	...	...	42.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	14,540	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	11,170	...	...	9.5	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	13,210	...	...	11.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,695	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	118,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,185	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	530	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	945	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,455	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,985	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,095	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,230	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	5,035	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	5,180	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,920	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,765	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	9,170	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	8,825	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	8,185	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	7,475	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	41,175	...	...	34.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	15,145	...	...	12.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	10,200	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	15,830	...	...	13.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	85,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	31,505	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	77,500	...	...	77,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	38,345	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.4	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	11,955	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,500	...	...	67,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,200	...	...	63,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	43,755	21,460	22,295	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	40,000	34,400	36,800	40,000	34,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	36,800	32,400	34,000	36,800	32,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	85,080	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,400	...	...	120,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,200	...	...	104,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	31,480	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,200	...	...	87,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	38,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	148,400	...	...	148,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,900	...	...	127,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,865	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	78,600	...	...	78,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	43,280	21,260	22,020	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,240	48,520	42,080	45,240	48,520	42,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,680	41,640	37,720	39,680	41,640	37,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	317,535	157,370	160,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	68,400	35,415	32,990	21.5	22.5	20.6
0 to 5 years	21,220	10,965	10,265	6.7	7.0	6.4
18 to 64 years	189,565	94,090	95,470	59.7	59.8	59.6
65 years and over	59,570	27,865	31,705	18.8	17.7	19.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	29,865	13,720	16,140	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	6,855	3,525	3,335	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,100	1,095	1,000	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	14,780	6,985	7,790	...	...	...
65 years and over	8,235	3,215	5,015	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.4	8.7	10.1	9.4	8.7	10.1
0 to 17 years (%)	10.0	10.0	10.1	10.0	10.0	10.1
0 to 5 years (%)	9.9	10.0	9.8	9.9	10.0	9.8
18 to 64 years (%)	7.8	7.4	8.2	7.8	7.4	8.2
65 years and over (%)	13.8	11.5	15.8	13.8	11.5	15.8
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	308,380	152,935	155,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	66,885	34,630	32,260	21.7	22.6	20.8
0 to 5 years	20,750	10,730	10,020	6.7	7.0	6.4
18 to 64 years	185,235	91,965	93,270	60.1	60.1	60.0
65 years and over	56,255	26,340	29,915	18.2	17.2	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,335	5,290	5,050	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,160	1,125	1,035	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	555	315	240	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,150	3,720	3,430	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,020	440	580	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.5	3.3	3.4	3.5	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.2	3.3	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.9	2.4	2.7	2.9	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	3.9	4.1	3.7	3.9	4.1	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.8	1.7	2.0	1.8	1.7	2.0
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	317,535	157,370	160,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	155,910	75,225	80,685	49.1	47.8	50.4
In bottom decile	28,390	13,465	14,925	8.9	8.6	9.3
In second decile	29,065	13,430	15,635	9.2	8.5	9.8
In third decile	31,180	15,020	16,160	9.8	9.5	10.1
In fourth decile	33,505	16,490	17,010	10.6	10.5	10.6
In fifth decile	33,775	16,820	16,955	10.6	10.7	10.6
In top half of the distribution	161,625	82,145	79,475	50.9	52.2	49.6
In sixth decile	34,845	17,460	17,380	11.0	11.1	10.9
In seventh decile	34,510	17,525	16,985	10.9	11.1	10.6
In eighth decile	33,925	17,285	16,645	10.7	11.0	10.4
In ninth decile	32,445	16,535	15,910	10.2	10.5	9.9
In top decile	25,900	13,340	12,560	8.2	8.5	7.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	317,535	...	...	317,535	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.409	...	...	0.409	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.268	...	...	0.268	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	319,930	158,485	161,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	294,730	147,335	147,390	92.1	93.0	91.3
French only	90	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	13,600	5,920	7,680	4.3	3.7	4.8
Neither English nor French	11,510	5,185	6,330	3.6	3.3	3.9
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	319,930	158,485	161,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	305,565	151,885	153,680	95.5	95.8	95.2
French	2,360	1,185	1,175	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and French	690	315	375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	11,315	5,095	6,220	3.5	3.2	3.9
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	319,930	158,485	161,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	310,550	153,910	156,640	97.1	97.1	97.0
Official languages	238,430	118,780	119,650	74.5	74.9	74.1
English	235,865	117,505	118,360	73.7	74.1	73.3
French	2,565	1,280	1,290	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official languages	72,120	35,130	36,990	22.5	22.2	22.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	72,000	35,080	36,920	22.5	22.1	22.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,215	655	555	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,185	645	540	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	990	540	450	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,825	880	945	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,780	865	915	0.6	0.5	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,635	1,120	1,515	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bikol	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	140	55	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,105	875	1,230	0.7	0.6	0.8
Waray-Waray	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	465	240	225	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	265	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	58,990	29,005	29,985	18.4	18.3	18.6
Albanian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.0
Armenian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,800	1,245	1,555	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,760	1,225	1,535	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	230	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	770	350	420	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	825	340	490	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	320	165	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	385	165	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	9,865	4,620	5,250	3.1	2.9	3.3
Frisian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	5,885	2,735	3,145	1.8	1.7	1.9
German	5,760	2,670	3,090	1.8	1.7	1.9
Pennsylvania German	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,455	1,640	1,815	1.1	1.0	1.1
Afrikaans	305	135	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	2,735	1,300	1,435	0.9	0.8	0.9
Low German, n.o.s.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	335	165	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	455	210	250	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	250	105	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	95	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	150	80	65	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	41,710	20,835	20,875	13.0	13.1	12.9
Indo-Aryan languages	40,925	20,425	20,500	12.8	12.9	12.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,180	590	590	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	38,660	19,285	19,380	12.1	12.2	12.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	635	320	315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	780	405	375	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	635	330	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	430	225	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	4,230	2,100	2,135	1.3	1.3	1.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	405	220	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	495	220	275	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	715	355	365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	2,615	1,300	1,310	0.8	0.8	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	410	145	265	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	1,860	880	975	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mongolian	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	275	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,960	1,390	1,570	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	2,845	1,335	1,515	0.9	0.8	0.9
Hakka	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,710	755	955	0.5	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	945	495	450	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	355	135	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	150	40	115	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	125	75	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	680	330	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	195	85	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	460	235	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,380	4,570	4,810	2.9	2.9	3.0
English and French	905	435	475	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	7,725	3,810	3,915	2.4	2.4	2.4
French and non-official language(s)	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	130	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	540	240	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	319,930	158,485	161,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	246,090	122,355	123,740	76.9	77.2	76.6
French	405	195	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	28,245	13,945	14,305	8.8	8.8	8.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	28,235	13,940	14,295	8.8	8.8	8.9
English and French	1,705	775	930	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	41,350	20,215	21,140	12.9	12.8	13.1
French and non-official language(s)	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	840	380	460	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	1,240	595	640	0.4	0.4	0.4
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	319,930	158,485	161,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	310,260	153,810	156,450	97.0	97.1	96.9
Official languages	264,220	130,895	133,325	82.6	82.6	82.6
English	263,640	130,610	133,030	82.4	82.4	82.4
French	575	285	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	46,045	22,920	23,125	14.4	14.5	14.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	46,035	22,910	23,125	14.4	14.5	14.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	715	355	355	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	705	355	350	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	610	305	300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,330	650	675	0.4	0.4	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,305	640	665	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,150	595	555	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bikol	10	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	940	485	460	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	300	155	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	195	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	38,310	19,100	19,210	12.0	12.1	11.9
Albanian	100	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,040	495	545	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,015	480	535	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	270	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	460	215	245	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,240	565	670	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	740	345	400	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	735	340	395	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	455	200	250	0.1	0.1	0.2
Afrikaans	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	205	90	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	34,080	16,995	17,085	10.7	10.7	10.6
Indo-Aryan languages	33,615	16,770	16,845	10.5	10.6	10.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	725	355	370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	32,205	16,075	16,130	10.1	10.1	10.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	435	220	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	470	230	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	350	165	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	240	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,765	950	815	0.6	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	315	150	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,250	695	560	0.4	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	1,520	730	785	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	110	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,930	945	980	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	1,840	905	940	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,195	570	620	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	565	290	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	105	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	120	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,665	4,665	4,995	3.0	2.9	3.1
English and French	275	125	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	9,165	4,430	4,735	2.9	2.8	2.9
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	135	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	319,930	158,485	161,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	282,960	140,495	142,465	88.4	88.6	88.2
English	14,775	7,485	7,285	4.6	4.7	4.5
French	1,475	660	815	0.5	0.4	0.5
Non-official language	16,715	7,905	8,805	5.2	5.0	5.5
Indigenous³⁹	165	60	105	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	16,550	7,840	8,705	5.2	4.9	5.4
English and French	130	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	1,910	945	965	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	435	175	255	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,510	725	780	0.5	0.5	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	317,560	157,585	159,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	306,300	152,590	153,715	96.5	96.8	96.1
English	306,185	152,545	153,640	96.4	96.8	96.0
French	13,700	5,905	7,795	4.3	3.7	4.9
Non-official languages	91,175	44,530	46,645	28.7	28.3	29.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	490	205	290	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	95	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	45	0	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	260	125	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	200	85	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	90,715	44,340	46,380	28.6	28.1	29.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,700	930	775	0.5	0.6	0.5
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,670	900	765	0.5	0.6	0.5
Amharic	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,470	790	680	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,115	1,035	1,080	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	2,040	1,010	1,030	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,690	1,620	2,070	1.2	1.0	1.3
Bikol	55	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	245	95	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	410	180	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,275	1,395	1,875	1.0	0.9	1.2
Waray-Waray	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	105	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	245	135	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	85	60	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	630	340	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	395	205	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	125	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	74,200	36,635	37,560	23.4	23.2	23.5
Albanian	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,560	1,665	1,895	1.1	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,495	1,640	1,860	1.1	1.0	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	70	50	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	315	140	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	805	360	445	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian	1,500	725	770	0.5	0.5	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	440	220	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	235	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	210	115	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	205	75	125	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	560	250	310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	12,525	5,830	6,695	3.9	3.7	4.2
Frisian	125	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	7,600	3,590	4,010	2.4	2.3	2.5
German	7,495	3,520	3,980	2.4	2.2	2.5
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	160	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	4,645	2,115	2,530	1.5	1.3	1.6
Afrikaans	590	270	310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	3,565	1,625	1,940	1.1	1.0	1.2
Low German, n.o.s.	100	35	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	455	225	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	750	350	400	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	345	155	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	235	120	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	145	60	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	260	150	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	50,855	25,675	25,185	16.0	16.3	15.7
Indo-Aryan languages	49,800	25,095	24,710	15.7	15.9	15.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	300	140	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	8,955	4,425	4,530	2.8	2.8	2.8
Kacchi	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	75	50	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	100	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	47,065	23,755	23,310	14.8	15.1	14.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,345	670	680	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	70	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	1,150	630	520	0.4	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	995	555	440	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	675	370	310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	145	90	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	8,260	4,005	4,255	2.6	2.5	2.7
Catalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	940	500	435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	880	460	425	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	985	455	530	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	5,795	2,765	3,035	1.8	1.8	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	905	355	550	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	2,170	1,005	1,160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	775	430	345	0.2	0.3	0.2
Akan (Twi)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	120	70	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	275	130	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	95	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	145	100	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	565	185	380	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	480	165	320	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	95	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,850	1,810	2,035	1.2	1.1	1.3
Chinese languages	3,730	1,750	1,980	1.2	1.1	1.2
Hakka	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,680	1,205	1,470	0.8	0.8	0.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	320	135	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,470	740	730	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	505	185	320	0.2	0.1	0.2
Lao	315	135	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	230	60	170	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	285	185	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	45	45	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	240	145	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	815	400	420	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	595	280	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	317,560	157,580	159,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	23,915	11,610	12,310	7.5	7.4	7.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	23,000	11,220	11,780	7.2	7.1	7.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	14,685	7,070	7,615	4.6	4.5	4.8
Métis	8,180	4,085	4,090	2.6	2.6	2.6
Inuk (Inuit)	135	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	555	225	325	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	360	165	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	293,640	145,975	147,670	92.5	92.6	92.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	317,560	157,580	159,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	10,020	4,775	5,245	3.2	3.0	3.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	307,535	152,805	154,730	96.8	97.0	96.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	85,405	...	...	72.3	...	...
Renter	31,985	...	...	27.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	780	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	23,950	...	...	20.3	...	...
Not condominium	94,220	...	...	79.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	820	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	13,005	...	...	11.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	32,615	...	...	27.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	31,500	...	...	26.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	40,225	...	...	34.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	32,075	...	...	27.1	...	...
5 rooms	17,770	...	...	15.0	...	...
6 rooms	15,850	...	...	13.4	...	...
7 rooms	13,450	...	...	11.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	39,020	...	...	33.0	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	114,580	...	...	97.0	...	...
More than one person per room	3,590	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	111,160	...	...	94.1	...	...
Not suitable	7,005	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	9,900	...	...	8.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	28,775	...	...	24.4	...	...
1981 to 1990	19,590	...	...	16.6	...	...
1991 to 2000	23,205	...	...	19.6	...	...
2001 to 2005	8,075	...	...	6.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	10,320	...	...	8.7	...	...
2011 to 2015	6,780	...	...	5.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	11,510	...	...	9.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	112,240	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	5,930	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	54,560	...	...	46.2	...	...
Two-maintainer household	54,035	...	...	45.7	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	9,580	...	...	8.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,725	...	...	2.3	...	...
25 to 34 years	14,850	...	...	12.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	20,520	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	21,125	...	...	17.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	23,730	...	...	20.1	...	...
65 to 74 years	20,010	...	...	16.9	...	...
75 to 84 years	11,150	...	...	9.4	...	...
85 years and over	4,055	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	112,295	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	87,125	...	...	77.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	25,165	...	...	22.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	22,985	...	...	20.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	118,165	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	34,770	...	...	29.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	22,390	...	...	18.9	...	...
Not suitable only	5,400	...	...	4.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	3,810	...	...	3.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	1,060	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,610	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	400	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	110	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	83,395	...	...	70.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	110,115	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	10,750	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	99,370	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	81,055	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.7	...	...	63.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	17.5	...	...	17.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.0	...	...	5.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,450	...	...	1,450	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,604	...	...	1,604	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	829,000	...	...	829,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,515	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.7	...	...	9.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.0	...	...	35.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.2	...	...	22.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,170	...	...	1,170	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,310	...	...	1,310	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	780	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	13.5	...	...	13.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	500	...	...	500	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	479	...	...	479	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	317,560	157,585	159,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,745	4,405	4,345	2.8	2.8	2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,600	4,335	4,265	2.7	2.8	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	7,380	3,700	3,680	2.3	2.3	2.3
Métis single ancestry	1,190	615	570	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	150	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	15,900	7,625	8,275	5.0	4.8	5.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	15,350	7,325	8,020	4.8	4.6	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10,135	4,735	5,400	3.2	3.0	3.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,115	2,545	2,570	1.6	1.6	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	550	295	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	540	290	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	292,910	145,560	147,350	92.2	92.4	92.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	317,555	157,580	159,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	289,750	143,750	146,000	91.2	91.2	91.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	65,840	34,130	31,710	20.7	21.7	19.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	223,910	109,620	114,290	70.5	69.6	71.4
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	27,805	13,830	13,975	8.8	8.8	8.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	317,555	157,580	159,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	242,805	121,315	121,495	76.5	77.0	75.9
Immigrants⁸¹	68,005	32,515	35,490	21.4	20.6	22.2
Before 1980	15,200	7,325	7,875	4.8	4.6	4.9
1980 to 1990	7,700	3,755	3,945	2.4	2.4	2.5
1991 to 2000	12,340	5,685	6,655	3.9	3.6	4.2
2001 to 2010	15,945	7,655	8,290	5.0	4.9	5.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	16,815	8,090	8,725	5.3	5.1	5.5
2011 to 2015	8,205	4,000	4,205	2.6	2.5	2.6
2016 to 2021	8,610	4,090	4,520	2.7	2.6	2.8
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,750	3,760	2,990	2.1	2.4	1.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	68,005	32,515	35,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	5,675	2,765	2,910	8.3	8.5	8.2
5 to 14 years	10,385	5,415	4,970	15.3	16.7	14.0
15 to 24 years	17,220	7,715	9,505	25.3	23.7	26.8
25 to 44 years	25,275	12,475	12,805	37.2	38.4	36.1
45 years and over	9,445	4,145	5,300	13.9	12.7	14.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	68,005	32,515	35,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	7,045	3,185	3,860	10.4	9.8	10.9
Brazil	430	245	190	0.6	0.8	0.5
Colombia	195	65	130	0.3	0.2	0.4
El Salvador	505	280	230	0.7	0.9	0.6
Guyana	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	80	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Jamaica	210	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	540	180	360	0.8	0.6	1.0
Peru	150	55	95	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	125	60	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	3,140	1,405	1,725	4.6	4.3	4.9
Other places of birth in Americas	1,605	715	890	2.4	2.2	2.5
Europe	17,375	8,535	8,840	25.5	26.2	24.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	110	45	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Croatia	150	75	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
France	190	95	90	0.3	0.3	0.3
Germany	2,165	1,060	1,110	3.2	3.3	3.1
Greece	120	90	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hungary	375	170	205	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italy	295	150	145	0.4	0.5	0.4
Netherlands	2,640	1,295	1,345	3.9	4.0	3.8
Poland	745	310	435	1.1	1.0	1.2
Portugal	180	90	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romania	725	355	370	1.1	1.1	1.0
Russian Federation	455	210	240	0.7	0.6	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	505	235	270	0.7	0.7	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	6,410	3,220	3,190	9.4	9.9	9.0
Other places of birth in Europe	2,255	1,090	1,160	3.3	3.4	3.3
Africa	2,425	1,270	1,155	3.6	3.9	3.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	140	90	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Egypt	195	125	70	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eritrea	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ethiopia	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	195	110	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	810	390	420	1.2	1.2	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	980	485	495	1.4	1.5	1.4
Asia	40,000	18,945	21,055	58.8	58.3	59.3
Afghanistan	140	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iran⁸⁸	600	350	260	0.9	1.1	0.7
Iraq	180	85	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lebanon	75	50	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	375	180	195	0.6	0.6	0.5
Turkey	75	50	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,600	720	880	2.4	2.2	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	235	120	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	1,320	610	710	1.9	1.9	2.0
Taiwan	355	150	205	0.5	0.5	0.6
Philippines	3,160	1,315	1,845	4.6	4.0	5.2
Viet Nam	1,560	715	845	2.3	2.2	2.4
Bangladesh	30	20	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
India	27,430	13,185	14,245	40.3	40.6	40.1
Pakistan	750	415	335	1.1	1.3	0.9
Sri Lanka	105	60	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	2,010	855	1,155	3.0	2.6	3.3
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,160	575	580	1.7	1.8	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	8,615	4,095	4,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	705	340	370	8.2	8.3	8.2
Brazil	105	45	55	1.2	1.1	1.2
Colombia	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	65	30	35	0.8	0.7	0.8
Mexico	95	30	65	1.1	0.7	1.4
United States of America	295	165	140	3.4	4.0	3.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	120	70	60	1.4	1.7	1.3
Europe	770	370	395	8.9	9.0	8.7
France	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Germany	45	25	15	0.5	0.6	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Italy	70	35	35	0.8	0.9	0.8
Russian Federation	75	30	45	0.9	0.7	1.0
Ukraine	70	30	35	0.8	0.7	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	195	115	80	2.3	2.8	1.8
Other places of birth in Europe	295	125	165	3.4	3.1	3.7
Africa	615	300	315	7.1	7.3	7.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	65	50	20	0.8	1.2	0.4
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	40	20	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Eritrea	25	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Ethiopia	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Morocco	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Nigeria	80	40	40	0.9	1.0	0.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	40	80	1.4	1.0	1.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	225	110	115	2.6	2.7	2.5
Asia	6,385	3,000	3,390	74.1	73.3	75.0
Afghanistan	40	15	20	0.5	0.4	0.4
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	255	115	145	3.0	2.8	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,235	2,045	2,185	49.2	49.9	48.3
Iran⁸⁸	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.6
Iraq	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.4
Israel	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Japan	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Jordan	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	195	80	115	2.3	2.0	2.5
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Pakistan	175	90	90	2.0	2.2	2.0
Philippines	620	280	340	7.2	6.8	7.5
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	310	150	160	3.6	3.7	3.5
Turkey	40	25	10	0.5	0.6	0.2
United Arab Emirates	30	15	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Viet Nam	120	45	75	1.4	1.1	1.7
Other places of birth in Asia	175	70	110	2.0	1.7	2.4
Oceania and other⁹³	140	80	60	1.6	2.0	1.3
Australia	85	55	30	1.0	1.3	0.7
Other places of birth⁹⁸	50	25	30	0.6	0.6	0.7
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	317,560	157,585	159,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	77,775	37,780	39,995	24.5	24.0	25.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	71,875	36,140	35,730	22.6	22.9	22.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	167,910	83,665	84,245	52.9	53.1	52.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	52,805	25,185	27,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	18,360	9,365	8,990	34.8	37.2	32.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	7,655	4,785	2,870	14.5	19.0	10.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10,700	4,580	6,120	20.3	18.2	22.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	29,545	13,240	16,305	56.0	52.6	59.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	4,600	2,455	2,145	8.7	9.7	7.8
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	300	130	170	0.6	0.5	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	52,805	25,185	27,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	1,085	655	425	2.1	2.6	1.5
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,045	2,460	2,585	9.6	9.8	9.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,145	590	555	2.2	2.3	2.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	2,130	1,055	1,080	4.0	4.2	3.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	295	110	185	0.6	0.4	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	43,100	20,315	22,785	81.6	80.7	82.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	317,560	157,585	159,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	81,025	40,485	40,545	25.5	25.7	25.3
South Asian	53,590	27,195	26,390	16.9	17.3	16.5
Chinese	4,565	2,195	2,375	1.4	1.4	1.5
Black	3,525	1,815	1,705	1.1	1.2	1.1
Filipino	4,665	2,115	2,550	1.5	1.3	1.6
Arab	1,010	545	465	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	3,045	1,520	1,530	1.0	1.0	1.0
Southeast Asian	3,820	1,855	1,965	1.2	1.2	1.2
West Asian	1,040	585	450	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	2,220	1,075	1,145	0.7	0.7	0.7
Japanese	1,150	530	625	0.4	0.3	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	565	240	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,840	810	1,025	0.6	0.5	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	236,535	117,105	119,430	74.5	74.3	74.7
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	317,555	157,580	159,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	36,280	18,525	17,760	11.4	11.8	11.1
English	67,305	32,710	34,595	21.2	20.8	21.6
Irish	40,400	18,825	21,575	12.7	11.9	13.5
Scottish	50,925	24,760	26,165	16.0	15.7	16.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,860	10,395	11,460	6.9	6.6	7.2
German	47,715	23,320	24,395	15.0	14.8	15.2
Chinese	5,365	2,575	2,790	1.7	1.6	1.7
Italian	8,180	4,240	3,940	2.6	2.7	2.5
Indian (India)	29,465	14,770	14,695	9.3	9.4	9.2
Ukrainian	15,360	7,320	8,040	4.8	4.6	5.0
Dutch	26,965	13,380	13,585	8.5	8.5	8.5
Polish	8,525	4,100	4,425	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	325	130	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	11,130	5,355	5,785	3.5	3.4	3.6
Filipino	4,445	1,980	2,460	1.4	1.3	1.5
French Canadian	2,580	1,205	1,375	0.8	0.8	0.9
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,960	2,965	2,990	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	10,505	5,080	5,430	3.3	3.2	3.4
Métis	6,985	3,520	3,465	2.2	2.2	2.2
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	8,035	4,055	3,975	2.5	2.6	2.5
Russian	11,795	5,745	6,055	3.7	3.6	3.8
Norwegian	9,940	4,845	5,100	3.1	3.1	3.2
Welsh	6,415	2,985	3,425	2.0	1.9	2.1
Portuguese	1,415	695	715	0.4	0.4	0.4
American	4,785	2,320	2,465	1.5	1.5	1.5
Spanish	2,340	1,075	1,270	0.7	0.7	0.8
Swedish	7,110	3,515	3,595	2.2	2.2	2.2
Hungarian	4,065	2,060	2,005	1.3	1.3	1.3
Acadian	365	200	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	1,075	540	535	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,120	590	530	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	1,125	550	570	0.4	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	14,520	7,420	7,105	4.6	4.7	4.4
Vietnamese	2,600	1,315	1,285	0.8	0.8	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	405	205	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	1,075	570	510	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	505	280	225	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	1,410	715	695	0.4	0.5	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	1,625	875	750	0.5	0.6	0.5
Korean	2,040	975	1,060	0.6	0.6	0.7
Romanian	2,420	1,205	1,210	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanese	245	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	615	345	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	1,250	630	620	0.4	0.4	0.4
Danish	3,790	1,760	2,030	1.2	1.1	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,250	1,095	1,155	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sikh	10,680	5,455	5,225	3.4	3.5	3.3
Austrian	2,645	1,235	1,405	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belgian	1,145	605	535	0.4	0.4	0.3
Haitian	210	120	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	1,290	715	575	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mexican	1,435	685	750	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	5,415	2,645	2,770	1.7	1.7	1.7
Swiss	2,090	1,075	1,015	0.7	0.7	0.6
Finnish	2,205	1,140	1,070	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	235	130	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	820	400	420	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	1,590	745	845	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	2,380	1,205	1,180	0.7	0.8	0.7
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	385	180	205	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,925	925	1,000	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	195	110	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	355	175	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	715	315	405	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tamil	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,860	1,015	845	0.6	0.6	0.5
Colombian	240	105	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	60	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,175	535	640	0.4	0.3	0.4
Syrian	260	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	230	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	220	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	275	160	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	485	205	275	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	275	125	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	230	90	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	380	235	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	210	65	150	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	210	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	155	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	575	270	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	215	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	100	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	685	340	340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	640	305	335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	385	185	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salvadorean	635	350	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	315	135	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	225	115	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	410	180	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	765	350	420	0.2	0.2	0.3
Australian	870	450	420	0.3	0.3	0.3
Palestinian	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	245	160	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	195	115	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	320	135	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	230	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	140	50	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Berber	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	220	110	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	160	75	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	175	65	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	460	185	275	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	420	175	245	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	245	130	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	185	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	390	165	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	240	95	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	265	135	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	150	65	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	120	80	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	510	205	305	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	520	255	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	95	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	225	120	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	235	125	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	1,935	950	985	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	90	65	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	320	150	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	715	370	340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jatt	1,550	785	765	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	190	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	45	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	350	110	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	115	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	125	80	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	470	230	245	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	115	70	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	145	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Plains Cree	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	275	125	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	110	70	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	65	50	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	75	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	135	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	180	60	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	165	75	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	175	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	50	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	35	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	130	80	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	615	305	310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	317,560	157,585	159,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,925	905	1,025	0.6	0.6	0.6
Christian	126,030	58,260	67,765	39.7	37.0	42.4
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	48,325	22,970	25,350	15.2	14.6	15.8
Anabaptist	7,620	3,590	4,025	2.4	2.3	2.5
Anglican	7,175	3,010	4,170	2.3	1.9	2.6
Baptist	3,640	1,725	1,915	1.1	1.1	1.2
Catholic	24,605	11,460	13,140	7.7	7.3	8.2
Christian Orthodox	1,640	800	840	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	1,845	810	1,035	0.6	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	1,135	520	615	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	3,110	1,350	1,760	1.0	0.9	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	560	225	335	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	4,215	1,985	2,225	1.3	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	1,710	770	945	0.5	0.5	0.6
Reformed	4,230	2,015	2,215	1.3	1.3	1.4
United Church	6,975	2,830	4,150	2.2	1.8	2.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	9,240	4,205	5,040	2.9	2.7	3.2
Hindu	4,685	2,390	2,290	1.5	1.5	1.4
Jewish	305	155	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	3,235	1,705	1,525	1.0	1.1	1.0
Sikh	43,710	22,065	21,645	13.8	14.0	13.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,020	520	505	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,700	1,125	1,570	0.9	0.7	1.0
No religion and secular perspectives	133,960	70,470	63,490	42.2	44.7	39.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	314,420	156,060	158,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	270,205	134,245	135,965	85.9	86.0	85.9
Movers	44,210	21,820	22,395	14.1	14.0	14.1
Non-migrants	24,585	12,040	12,540	7.8	7.7	7.9
Migrants	19,630	9,780	9,850	6.2	6.3	6.2
Internal migrants	17,720	8,775	8,945	5.6	5.6	5.6
Intraprovincial migrants	15,030	7,455	7,580	4.8	4.8	4.8
Interprovincial migrants	2,685	1,325	1,365	0.9	0.8	0.9
External migrants	1,910	995	905	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	300,130	148,685	151,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	161,160	79,855	81,305	53.7	53.7	53.7
Movers	138,970	68,830	70,140	46.3	46.3	46.3
Non-migrants	60,055	29,655	30,400	20.0	19.9	20.1
Migrants	78,920	39,180	39,740	26.3	26.4	26.2
Internal migrants	67,755	33,435	34,325	22.6	22.5	22.7
Intraprovincial migrants	58,215	28,525	29,690	19.4	19.2	19.6
Interprovincial migrants	9,545	4,910	4,635	3.2	3.3	3.1
External migrants	11,160	5,745	5,415	3.7	3.9	3.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	260,690	128,130	132,555	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	54,155	28,990	25,170	20.8	22.6	19.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	206,535	99,145	107,385	79.2	77.4	81.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	163,855	80,585	83,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	23,800	13,760	10,040	14.5	17.1	12.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	140,055	66,825	73,230	85.5	82.9	87.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	260,685	128,135	132,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	48,015	25,255	22,760	18.4	19.7	17.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	92,085	46,125	45,960	35.3	36.0	34.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	120,590	56,755	63,840	46.3	44.3	48.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	77,575	37,940	39,630	29.8	29.6	29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,215	17,600	5,615	8.9	13.7	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	9,715	5,825	3,890	3.7	4.5	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	13,500	11,770	1,730	5.2	9.2	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	42,165	15,915	26,255	16.2	12.4	19.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	12,190	4,430	7,760	4.7	3.5	5.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	43,015	18,810	24,200	16.5	14.7	18.3
Bachelor's degree	28,290	12,080	16,210	10.9	9.4	12.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,835	1,390	2,440	1.5	1.1	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,110	670	445	0.4	0.5	0.3
Master's degree	8,740	4,035	4,705	3.4	3.1	3.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,045	640	405	0.4	0.5	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	163,855	80,590	83,270	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	20,260	11,670	8,590	12.4	14.5	10.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	55,550	28,750	26,805	33.9	35.7	32.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	88,045	40,170	47,875	53.7	49.8	57.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	54,535	26,300	28,240	33.3	32.6	33.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,855	12,150	3,705	9.7	15.1	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,500	3,955	2,540	4.0	4.9	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	9,360	8,195	1,165	5.7	10.2	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,920	11,010	18,910	18.3	13.7	22.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,760	3,135	5,625	5.3	3.9	6.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	33,505	13,875	19,630	20.4	17.2	23.6
Bachelor's degree	22,270	9,215	13,050	13.6	11.4	15.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,885	980	1,900	1.8	1.2	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	840	470	370	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	6,845	2,835	4,005	4.2	3.5	4.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	670	370	300	0.4	0.5	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	260,685	128,135	132,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	140,095	71,380	68,720	53.7	55.7	51.8
Education	9,645	2,380	7,270	3.7	1.9	5.5
13. Education	9,645	2,380	7,270	3.7	1.9	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	3,535	1,495	2,035	1.4	1.2	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	455	345	110	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	3,075	1,150	1,925	1.2	0.9	1.5
Humanities	8,875	3,715	5,160	3.4	2.9	3.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	600	125	475	0.2	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	1,360	320	1,035	0.5	0.2	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	3,550	1,425	2,130	1.4	1.1	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	165	60	105	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	530	315	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,695	1,040	655	0.7	0.8	0.5
54. History	875	405	470	0.3	0.3	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	20	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	11,660	3,805	7,855	4.5	3.0	5.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	95	15	80	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	720	280	440	0.3	0.2	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,600	260	2,340	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	1,825	495	1,335	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	240	95	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,965	570	1,400	0.8	0.4	1.1
45. Social sciences	4,215	2,095	2,115	1.6	1.6	1.6
Business, management and public administration	21,855	8,060	13,805	8.4	6.3	10.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,985	415	1,570	0.8	0.3	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	19,860	7,630	12,225	7.6	6.0	9.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,430	1,605	1,825	1.3	1.3	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,415	590	825	0.5	0.5	0.6
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,060	485	570	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	685	470	215	0.3	0.4	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	220	40	185	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,805	2,265	1,540	1.5	1.8	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,035	1,980	1,050	1.2	1.5	0.8
25. Library science	370	50	325	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	370	230	145	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	25,330	23,690	1,640	9.7	18.5	1.2
04. Architecture and related services	420	315	105	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	3,130	2,685	450	1.2	2.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,260	3,835	425	1.6	3.0	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	7,485	7,240	250	2.9	5.7	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,260	6,025	230	2.4	4.7	0.2
48. Precision production	3,760	3,585	175	1.4	2.8	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,380	1,945	1,430	1.3	1.5	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,625	1,380	1,245	1.0	1.1	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	755	565	185	0.3	0.4	0.1
Health and related fields	20,490	3,635	16,855	7.9	2.8	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,340	680	665	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	18,830	2,720	16,105	7.2	2.1	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	300	220	80	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,560	4,155	4,400	3.3	3.2	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,825	1,220	3,610	1.9	1.0	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	125	110	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,610	1,035	575	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,990	1,785	205	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	163,855	80,585	83,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	75,815	40,420	35,395	46.3	50.2	42.5
Education	6,505	1,410	5,090	4.0	1.7	6.1
13. Education	6,505	1,410	5,090	4.0	1.7	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,570	1,040	1,530	1.6	1.3	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	260	190	70	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,305	850	1,460	1.4	1.1	1.8
Humanities	6,485	2,555	3,930	4.0	3.2	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	500	100	405	0.3	0.1	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	985	225	760	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,720	1,030	1,685	1.7	1.3	2.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	115	45	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	385	255	130	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	960	575	380	0.6	0.7	0.5
54. History	755	310	435	0.5	0.4	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	10	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,095	2,785	6,310	5.6	3.5	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	80	10	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	590	220	365	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,070	205	1,865	1.3	0.3	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	1,400	355	1,045	0.9	0.4	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	190	75	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,500	420	1,080	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	3,270	1,500	1,770	2.0	1.9	2.1
Business, management and public administration	16,305	5,865	10,445	10.0	7.3	12.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,535	275	1,260	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	14,765	5,590	9,175	9.0	6.9	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,440	1,080	1,365	1.5	1.3	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,085	420	665	0.7	0.5	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	770	355	415	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	440	275	165	0.3	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	10	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,070	1,900	1,170	1.9	2.4	1.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	2,600	1,735	860	1.6	2.2	1.0
25. Library science	230	35	195	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	225	125	100	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	17,770	16,505	1,265	10.8	20.5	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	325	220	105	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	2,355	1,985	370	1.4	2.5	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,920	2,600	315	1.8	3.2	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,245	5,070	175	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,260	4,075	185	2.6	5.1	0.2
48. Precision production	2,650	2,545	105	1.6	3.2	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,405	1,350	1,055	1.5	1.7	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,870	970	900	1.1	1.2	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	530	375	155	0.3	0.5	0.2
Health and related fields	15,140	2,765	12,370	9.2	3.4	14.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,035	545	495	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,885	2,070	11,815	8.5	2.6	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	200	140	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	6,235	2,915	3,320	3.8	3.6	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,515	845	2,665	2.1	1.0	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	50	45	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,300	800	495	0.8	1.0	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,380	1,230	150	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	163,855	80,585	83,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75,815	40,420	35,395	46.3	50.2	42.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	88,045	40,170	47,870	53.7	49.8	57.5
Location of study inside Canada	71,455	32,520	38,940	43.6	40.4	46.8
Same as province or territory of residence	60,575	27,115	33,460	37.0	33.6	40.2
Different than province or territory of residence	10,880	5,405	5,480	6.6	6.7	6.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	16,585	7,650	8,935	10.1	9.5	10.7
Americas	3,000	1,430	1,570	1.8	1.8	1.9
United States of America	2,275	1,125	1,150	1.4	1.4	1.4
Mexico	270	120	150	0.2	0.1	0.2
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	135	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	2,930	1,490	1,440	1.8	1.8	1.7
Belgium	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	240	125	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Netherlands	155	100	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	155	50	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	210	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	155	65	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	145	55	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	80	45	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,180	680	505	0.7	0.8	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	310	120	190	0.2	0.1	0.2
Africa	635	335	295	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	80	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	305	160	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	145	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	9,585	4,160	5,425	5.8	5.2	6.5
Iran⁸⁸	85	30	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iraq	25	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	505	200	310	0.3	0.2	0.4
Taiwan	85	35	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	130	15	110	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	605	240	360	0.4	0.3	0.4
Philippines	1,410	575	835	0.9	0.7	1.0
Viet Nam	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	6,040	2,750	3,295	3.7	3.4	4.0
Pakistan	205	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	270	80	200	0.2	0.1	0.2
Oceania	440	240	200	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	300	145	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	45	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	260,685	128,135	132,550	...	...	...
In the labour force	164,005	86,855	77,150	...	...	...
Employed	151,825	81,075	70,750	...	...	...
Unemployed	12,180	5,780	6,395	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	96,685	41,280	55,405	...	...	...
Participation rate	62.9	67.8	58.2	62.9	67.8	58.2
Employment rate	58.2	63.3	53.4	58.2	63.3	53.4
Unemployment rate	7.4	6.7	8.3	7.4	6.7	8.3
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	260,685	128,135	132,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	99,020	42,960	56,060	38.0	33.5	42.3
Worked	161,665	85,175	76,490	62.0	66.5	57.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	86,230	51,780	34,450	33.1	40.4	26.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	75,435	33,395	42,040	28.9	26.1	31.7
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.7	43.1	40.2	41.7	43.1	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	164,005	86,855	77,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,030	1,450	1,585	1.8	1.7	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	160,975	85,405	75,565	98.2	98.3	98.0
Employee	132,545	67,315	65,225	80.8	77.5	84.5
Permanent position	114,220	59,510	54,705	69.6	68.5	70.9
Temporary position	18,325	7,800	10,520	11.2	9.0	13.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,400	2,325	3,075	3.3	2.7	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,920	5,475	7,445	7.9	6.3	9.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	28,430	18,095	10,340	17.3	20.8	13.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	164,005	86,855	77,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,030	1,450	1,585	1.8	1.7	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	160,975	85,405	75,565	98.2	98.3	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,410	1,030	375	0.9	1.2	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,665	5,960	16,700	13.8	6.9	21.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,685	5,275	1,415	4.1	6.1	1.8
3 Health occupations	11,360	2,155	9,205	6.9	2.5	11.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	19,560	6,495	13,060	11.9	7.5	16.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,790	1,625	2,165	2.3	1.9	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	39,910	16,265	23,640	24.3	18.7	30.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	38,370	35,315	3,055	23.4	40.7	4.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,395	5,205	3,195	5.1	6.0	4.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	8,835	6,085	2,750	5.4	7.0	3.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	164,005	86,855	77,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,030	1,450	1,585	1.8	1.7	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	160,975	85,405	75,565	98.2	98.3	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	8,860	4,955	3,900	5.4	5.7	5.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	610	500	110	0.4	0.6	0.1
22 Utilities	560	445	110	0.3	0.5	0.1
23 Construction	18,940	16,395	2,545	11.5	18.9	3.3
31-33 Manufacturing	14,320	10,295	4,030	8.7	11.9	5.2
41 Wholesale trade	5,300	3,760	1,545	3.2	4.3	2.0
44-45 Retail trade	18,925	8,345	10,580	11.5	9.6	13.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	11,510	9,380	2,125	7.0	10.8	2.8
51 Information and cultural industries	2,050	1,240	810	1.2	1.4	1.0
52 Finance and insurance	4,210	1,550	2,655	2.6	1.8	3.4
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,575	1,380	1,195	1.6	1.6	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,720	3,735	3,980	4.7	4.3	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	220	115	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	7,120	4,050	3,075	4.3	4.7	4.0
61 Educational services	11,015	3,180	7,830	6.7	3.7	10.1
62 Health care and social assistance	18,620	3,270	15,350	11.4	3.8	19.9
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,385	1,015	1,365	1.5	1.2	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	9,860	3,490	6,375	6.0	4.0	8.3
81 Other services (except public administration)	7,765	3,765	4,005	4.7	4.3	5.2
91 Public administration	8,400	4,530	3,875	5.1	5.2	5.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	176,225	92,565	83,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	161,475	84,510	76,965	91.6	91.3	92.0
French	155	50	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	4,155	2,265	1,890	2.4	2.4	2.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,150	2,260	1,890	2.4	2.4	2.3
English and French	850	290	560	0.5	0.3	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	9,495	5,400	4,100	5.4	5.8	4.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	176,225	92,565	83,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	173,920	91,275	82,645	98.7	98.6	98.8
Official languages	167,460	87,585	79,875	95.0	94.6	95.5
English	167,180	87,505	79,670	94.9	94.5	95.2
French	280	80	210	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	6,455	3,685	2,770	3.7	4.0	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,445	3,685	2,760	3.7	4.0	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	265	145	120	0.2	0.2	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	260	140	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,595	3,245	2,350	3.2	3.5	2.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	5,295	3,015	2,280	3.0	3.3	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	5,260	2,995	2,260	3.0	3.2	2.7
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,235	2,975	2,255	3.0	3.2	2.7
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	265	210	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	235	205	30	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	355	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	355	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	210	90	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,310	1,290	1,015	1.3	1.4	1.2
English and French	105	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,200	1,270	930	1.2	1.4	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	176,225	92,565	83,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	167,970	88,055	79,915	95.3	95.1	95.5
English	2,315	1,375	940	1.3	1.5	1.1
French	625	245	380	0.4	0.3	0.5
Non-official language	4,790	2,580	2,210	2.7	2.8	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	4,765	2,575	2,190	2.7	2.8	2.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	430	255	180	0.2	0.3	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	151,825	81,070	70,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	21,620	9,795	11,825	14.2	12.1	16.7
Worked outside Canada	390	305	85	0.3	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	29,695	22,160	7,535	19.6	27.3	10.6
Usual place of work	100,120	48,815	51,310	65.9	60.2	72.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	100,120	48,815	51,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	58,235	24,730	33,505	58.2	50.7	65.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,765	9,280	9,485	18.7	19.0	18.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	22,850	14,610	8,240	22.8	29.9	16.1
Commute to a different province or territory	265	190	75	0.3	0.4	0.1
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	129,820	70,975	58,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	118,930	65,975	52,955	91.6	93.0	90.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	109,020	61,245	47,770	84.0	86.3	81.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	9,915	4,730	5,185	7.6	6.7	8.8
Public transit	2,630	1,020	1,615	2.0	1.4	2.7
Walked	4,935	2,080	2,855	3.8	2.9	4.9
Bicycle	840	625	215	0.6	0.9	0.4
Other method	2,475	1,270	1,205	1.9	1.8	2.0
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	129,820	70,975	58,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	45,125	19,900	25,220	34.8	28.0	42.9
15 to 29 minutes	39,670	20,415	19,250	30.6	28.8	32.7
30 to 44 minutes	21,270	13,140	8,125	16.4	18.5	13.8
45 to 59 minutes	9,980	6,715	3,265	7.7	9.5	5.5
60 minutes and over	13,775	10,800	2,975	10.6	15.2	5.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	129,820	70,975	58,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	13,375	10,015	3,355	10.3	14.1	5.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	24,305	16,090	8,220	18.7	22.7	14.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	30,470	15,785	14,680	23.5	22.2	24.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	24,040	10,215	13,820	18.5	14.4	23.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	16,130	6,695	9,425	12.4	9.4	16.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	21,500	12,165	9,335	16.6	17.1	15.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	69,725	36,110	33,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,170	1,580	1,585	4.5	4.4	4.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	66,555	34,530	32,030	95.5	95.6	95.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	51,045	26,470	24,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,480	1,235	1,240	4.9	4.7	5.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,190	565	625	2.3	2.1	2.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,285	675	615	2.5	2.6	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	48,560	25,230	23,330	95.1	95.3	94.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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