Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thompson/Cariboo Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	236,788	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	115,575	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	100,330	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	236,790	118,000	118,790	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	34,180	17,550	16,630	14.4	14.9	14.0
0 to 4 years	10,185	5,180	5,000	4.3	4.4	4.2
5 to 9 years	11,705	5,975	5,735	4.9	5.1	4.8
10 to 14 years	12,290	6,395	5,895	5.2	5.4	5.0
15 to 64 years	145,170	72,530	72,640	61.3	61.5	61.1
15 to 19 years	11,425	5,980	5,445	4.8	5.1	4.6
20 to 24 years	11,590	6,110	5,475	4.9	5.2	4.6
25 to 29 years	13,345	6,925	6,420	5.6	5.9	5.4
30 to 34 years	14,390	7,260	7,130	6.1	6.2	6.0
35 to 39 years	14,625	7,310	7,310	6.2	6.2	6.2
40 to 44 years	13,300	6,615	6,685	5.6	5.6	5.6
45 to 49 years	13,200	6,590	6,615	5.6	5.6	5.6
50 to 54 years	14,840	7,220	7,620	6.3	6.1	6.4
55 to 59 years	17,995	8,625	9,365	7.6	7.3	7.9
60 to 64 years	20,465	9,885	10,580	8.6	8.4	8.9
65 years and over	57,440	27,920	29,520	24.3	23.7	24.9
65 to 69 years	18,715	9,235	9,485	7.9	7.8	8.0
70 to 74 years	15,565	7,815	7,750	6.6	6.6	6.5
75 to 79 years	10,415	5,165	5,255	4.4	4.4	4.4
80 to 84 years	6,625	3,170	3,460	2.8	2.7	2.9
85 years and over	6,115	2,540	3,580	2.6	2.2	3.0
85 to 89 years	3,920	1,745	2,180	1.7	1.5	1.8
90 to 94 years	1,715	670	1,045	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	415	115	305	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	14.9	14.0	14.4	14.9	14.0
15 to 64 years	61.3	61.5	61.1	61.3	61.5	61.1
65 years and over	24.3	23.7	24.9	24.3	23.7	24.9
85 years and over	2.6	2.2	3.0	2.6	2.2	3.0
Average age of the population	45.1	44.4	45.8	45.1	44.4	45.8
Median age of the population	47.2	46.0	48.4	47.2	46.0	48.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	64,485	...	...	64.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,745	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	6,160	...	...	6.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,825	...	...	5.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,755	...	...	10.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	920	...	...	0.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	250	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	7,195	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	28,790	...	...	28.7	...	...
2 persons	40,575	...	...	40.4	...	...
3 persons	13,255	...	...	13.2	...	...
4 persons	11,130	...	...	11.1	...	...
5 or more persons	6,580	...	...	6.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	202,610	100,450	102,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	120,270	60,030	60,235	59.4	59.8	59.0
Married	93,905	46,880	47,030	46.3	46.7	46.0
Living common-law	26,365	13,155	13,210	13.0	13.1	12.9
Living common law - Never married	18,130	9,125	9,005	8.9	9.1	8.8
Living common law - Separated	1,345	675	670	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	6,100	3,040	3,060	3.0	3.0	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	795	315	475	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	82,340	40,420	41,920	40.6	40.2	41.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	49,545	28,140	21,410	24.5	28.0	21.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	6,040	2,785	3,250	3.0	2.8	3.2
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	14,310	6,475	7,835	7.1	6.4	7.7
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	12,450	3,025	9,430	6.1	3.0	9.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	68,620	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	42,310	...	...	61.7	...	...
3 persons	12,025	...	...	17.5	...	...
4 persons	10,180	...	...	14.8	...	...
5 or more persons	4,105	...	...	6.0	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	68,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	58,565	...	...	85.3	...	...
Married couples	45,390	...	...	66.1	...	...
With children⁶	18,085	...	...	26.4	...	...
Without children	27,305	...	...	39.8	...	...
Common-law couples	13,175	...	...	19.2	...	...
With children⁶	4,605	...	...	6.7	...	...
Without children	8,575	...	...	12.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	10,055	...	...	14.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	7,505	...	...	10.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,545	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	183,340	91,270	92,070	79.5	79.3	79.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	117,130	58,490	58,640	50.8	50.8	50.7
Parents in one-parent families	10,055	2,550	7,510	4.4	2.2	6.5
Children⁶	56,160	30,230	25,925	24.3	26.3	22.4
In a two-parent family	41,140	21,815	19,330	17.8	19.0	16.7
In a one-parent family	15,015	8,420	6,595	6.5	7.3	5.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	47,360	23,815	23,545	20.5	20.7	20.4
Living alone	28,790	13,975	14,815	12.5	12.1	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	5,850	2,645	3,215	2.5	2.3	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	12,720	7,195	5,520	5.5	6.3	4.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	59,255	...	...	59.1	...	...
Couple-family households	51,920	...	...	51.7	...	...
With children⁶	19,860	...	...	19.8	...	...
Without children	32,055	...	...	31.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	7,335	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,435	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	745	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	4,130	...	...	4.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,960	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	28,790	...	...	28.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	196,610	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	191,710	95,230	96,480	97.5	97.6	97.4
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,800	33,600	39,200	46,800	33,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	191,790	95,280	96,510	97.5	97.6	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	31,400	36,000	42,400	31,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	168,760	85,540	83,215	85.8	87.7	84.0
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	41,600	25,200	32,400	41,600	25,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	128,675	66,880	61,800	65.4	68.5	62.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,800	28,200	35,200	44,800	28,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	162,525	76,940	85,585	82.7	78.8	86.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	12,000	12,100	12,000	12,000	12,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,745	10,730	10,015	10.6	11.0	10.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,640	5,480	5,560	5,640	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,710	22,850	23,865	23.8	23.4	24.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	191,860	95,235	96,625	97.5	97.5	97.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,760	58,650	41,040	49,760	58,650	41,040
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	191,920	95,270	96,650	97.5	97.5	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,960	49,560	36,480	42,960	49,560	36,480
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	168,605	85,080	83,525	85.7	87.1	84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,880	54,700	34,800	44,880	54,700	34,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	128,810	66,715	62,090	65.4	68.3	62.6
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,680	55,000	35,680	45,680	55,000	35,680
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	162,255	76,830	85,425	82.4	78.7	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,250	12,080	12,390	12,250	12,080	12,390
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,960	10,805	10,150	10.6	11.1	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	6,520	6,710	6,610	6,520	6,710
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,010	22,865	24,145	23.9	23.4	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,490	8,980	8,740	8,490	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	54,785	31,030	23,750	27.8	31.8	24.0
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	71,500	52,800	62,000	71,500	52,800
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	78,800	57,750	69,600	78,800	57,750
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	54,940	25,960	28,980	27.9	26.6	29.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,600	17,200	20,400	25,600	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,720	39,920	24,380	31,720	39,920	24,380
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	83.4	73.4	79.2	83.4	73.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.6	65.6	55.8	61.6	65.6	55.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	16.6	26.7	20.8	16.6	26.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.3	7.1	5.5	4.3	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.5	4.3	3.5	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	196,615	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,900	2,350	2,550	2.5	2.4	2.6
With total income	191,715	95,230	96,480	97.5	97.6	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,580	6,850	9,730	8.6	7.2	10.1
$10,000 to $19,999	24,400	9,530	14,865	12.7	10.0	15.4
$20,000 to $29,999	31,215	13,225	17,990	16.3	13.9	18.6
$30,000 to $39,999	25,700	11,180	14,520	13.4	11.7	15.0
$40,000 to $49,999	21,495	9,765	11,730	11.2	10.3	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	17,100	8,490	8,610	8.9	8.9	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	13,120	7,435	5,685	6.8	7.8	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	9,900	6,120	3,780	5.2	6.4	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	7,775	4,950	2,820	4.1	5.2	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	5,925	3,800	2,125	3.1	4.0	2.2
$100,000 and over	18,505	13,880	4,625	9.7	14.6	4.8
$100,000 to $149,999	13,470	9,925	3,545	7.0	10.4	3.7
$150,000 and over	5,040	3,955	1,080	2.6	4.2	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	196,615	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,825	2,305	2,520	2.5	2.4	2.5
With after-tax income	191,785	95,280	96,510	97.5	97.6	97.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	17,320	7,080	10,235	9.0	7.4	10.6
$10,000 to $19,999	25,175	9,855	15,325	13.1	10.3	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	34,825	14,755	20,075	18.2	15.5	20.8
$30,000 to $39,999	29,300	13,020	16,285	15.3	13.7	16.9
$40,000 to $49,999	23,910	11,475	12,435	12.5	12.0	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	18,070	9,910	8,160	9.4	10.4	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	12,935	7,990	4,945	6.7	8.4	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	9,465	6,065	3,400	4.9	6.4	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	6,775	4,585	2,190	3.5	4.8	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	4,530	3,255	1,280	2.4	3.4	1.3
$100,000 and over	9,475	7,285	2,195	4.9	7.6	2.3
$100,000 to $124,999	5,545	4,265	1,280	2.9	4.5	1.3
$125,000 and over	3,935	3,020	915	2.1	3.2	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	196,615	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	67,935	30,705	37,235	34.6	31.5	37.6
With employment income	128,680	66,880	61,795	65.4	68.5	62.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	19,825	9,355	10,475	15.4	14.0	16.9
$5,000 to $9,999	10,065	4,415	5,650	7.8	6.6	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	15,530	6,710	8,820	12.1	10.0	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	12,725	5,515	7,220	9.9	8.2	11.7
$30,000 to $39,999	12,035	5,160	6,875	9.4	7.7	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	10,615	4,840	5,775	8.2	7.2	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,485	4,615	4,870	7.4	6.9	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	7,965	4,705	3,265	6.2	7.0	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	6,495	4,090	2,405	5.1	6.1	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	5,610	3,625	1,985	4.4	5.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	4,515	3,000	1,520	3.5	4.5	2.5
$100,000 and over	13,805	10,865	2,940	10.7	16.2	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	7,075	5,305	1,770	5.5	7.9	2.9
$125,000 and over	6,730	5,560	1,165	5.2	8.3	1.9
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	196,610	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	187,310	92,950	94,360	95.3	95.3	95.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,800	30,400	37,200	46,800	30,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	187,765	93,010	94,755	95.5	95.3	95.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	28,200	33,600	41,600	28,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,095	85,050	83,045	85.5	87.2	83.9
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	43,600	26,200	33,600	43,600	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	135,050	69,770	65,280	68.7	71.5	65.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	44,400	27,400	34,400	44,400	27,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	135,125	60,710	74,415	68.7	62.2	75.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,900	8,800	9,300	9,900	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	17,805	9,385	8,415	9.1	9.6	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,680	5,520	5,640	5,680	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	187,205	92,850	94,355	95.1	95.1	95.2
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,160	58,050	38,440	48,160	58,050	38,440
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	187,560	92,890	94,665	95.3	95.1	95.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,920	48,400	33,600	40,920	48,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,790	84,610	83,185	85.3	86.6	83.9
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,720	56,250	34,960	45,720	56,250	34,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,565	69,415	65,150	68.4	71.1	65.7
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,720	54,550	34,240	44,720	54,550	34,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	135,055	60,525	74,525	68.6	62.0	75.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,990	10,400	9,650	9,990	10,400	9,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,085	9,475	8,610	9.2	9.7	8.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,800	7,280	7,030	6,800	7,280
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	54,230	30,715	23,515	27.6	31.4	23.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	69,500	49,200	58,800	69,500	49,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,300	76,200	53,300	66,300	76,200	53,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	51,845	24,595	27,255	26.3	25.2	27.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	33,600	21,800	26,000	33,600	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,160	46,960	28,360	37,160	46,960	28,360
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.4	80.2	85.0	88.4	80.2
Employment income (%)	66.8	70.2	61.5	66.8	70.2	61.5
Government transfers (%)	15.0	11.7	19.8	15.0	11.7	19.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	100,330	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	28,790	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	71,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	100,385	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	28,760	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,440	...	...	42,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	71,625	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,700	...	...	113,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,125	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	465	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	930	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,425	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,630	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,590	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,600	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,310	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,185	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,025	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,020	...	...	8.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,305	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,715	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,215	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,520	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	37,255	...	...	37.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,540	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,580	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	9,900	...	...	9.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,240	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,250	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	485	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	960	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,495	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,840	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,030	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,210	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,770	...	...	4.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,660	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,540	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,170	...	...	9.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,350	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,685	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,875	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,145	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	29,860	...	...	29.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,820	...	...	11.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,605	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,440	...	...	10.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	67,915	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	33,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	22,990	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	9,205	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	41,510	21,170	20,335	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	38,800	34,000	36,000	38,800	34,000
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,600	31,800	33,600	35,600	31,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	67,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,700	...	...	112,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	23,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,800	...	...	145,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	67,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	41,420	21,095	20,330	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,720	49,080	42,280	45,720	49,080	42,280
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,240	37,640	40,000	42,240	37,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	41,085	21,135	19,945	17.8	18.4	17.3
0 to 5 years	12,435	6,345	6,095	5.4	5.5	5.3
18 to 64 years	135,845	67,420	68,425	58.9	58.6	59.2
65 years and over	53,775	26,520	27,250	23.3	23.0	23.6
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	26,130	12,475	13,655	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,695	2,460	2,235	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,465	770	695	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	13,530	6,590	6,940	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,900	3,420	4,475	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.8	11.8	11.3	10.8	11.8
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.6	11.2	11.4	11.6	11.2
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	12.1	11.5	11.8	12.1	11.5
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.1	10.0	9.8	10.1
65 years and over (%)	14.7	12.9	16.4	14.7	12.9	16.4
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	218,960	109,130	109,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	38,915	20,030	18,880	17.8	18.4	17.2
0 to 5 years	11,860	6,035	5,825	5.4	5.5	5.3
18 to 64 years	128,785	63,830	64,955	58.8	58.5	59.1
65 years and over	51,265	25,275	25,990	23.4	23.2	23.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,345	3,850	3,495	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,155	610	545	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	320	170	155	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,545	2,955	2,590	...	...	...
65 years and over	640	280	360	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.2
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.6	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.0
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	118,960	57,855	61,105	51.6	50.3	52.8
In bottom decile	24,610	12,060	12,550	10.7	10.5	10.9
In second decile	24,555	11,520	13,030	10.6	10.0	11.3
In third decile	24,030	11,650	12,380	10.4	10.1	10.7
In fourth decile	22,910	11,235	11,675	9.9	9.8	10.1
In fifth decile	22,860	11,390	11,470	9.9	9.9	9.9
In top half of the distribution	111,745	57,225	54,515	48.4	49.7	47.2
In sixth decile	22,850	11,485	11,360	9.9	10.0	9.8
In seventh decile	23,240	11,780	11,465	10.1	10.2	9.9
In eighth decile	23,030	11,730	11,300	10.0	10.2	9.8
In ninth decile	23,595	12,280	11,320	10.2	10.7	9.8
In top decile	19,020	9,950	9,070	8.2	8.6	7.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	230,705	...	...	230,705	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.440	...	...	0.440	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	221,295	111,010	110,285	94.6	95.1	94.1
French only	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	11,850	5,375	6,470	5.1	4.6	5.5
Neither English nor French	740	315	425	0.3	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	230,655	115,075	115,580	98.6	98.6	98.6
French	2,345	1,235	1,110	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and French	250	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	675	280	395	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	230,325	114,995	115,335	98.5	98.5	98.4
Official languages	212,150	106,240	105,910	90.7	91.0	90.4
English	209,500	104,845	104,650	89.6	89.8	89.3
French	2,655	1,395	1,260	1.1	1.2	1.1
Non-official languages	18,175	8,755	9,420	7.8	7.5	8.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,100	530	565	0.5	0.5	0.5
Algonquian languages	75	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	455	210	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Athabaskan languages	455	210	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dakelh (Carrier)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	420	190	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	525	260	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	225	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,080	8,225	8,860	7.3	7.0	7.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	140	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	135	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	120	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	125	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	250	115	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,075	380	700	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	875	305	570	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	140	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,500	6,195	6,305	5.3	5.3	5.4
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,720	785	935	0.7	0.7	0.8
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,700	780	920	0.7	0.7	0.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	375	185	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	390	160	230	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	245	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	355	155	200	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,770	2,300	2,470	2.0	2.0	2.1
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,325	1,615	1,710	1.4	1.4	1.5
German	3,020	1,455	1,565	1.3	1.2	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	305	160	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,100	535	565	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	820	395	430	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	325	140	185	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	65	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	3,585	1,955	1,630	1.5	1.7	1.4
Indo-Aryan languages	3,435	1,875	1,560	1.5	1.6	1.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	195	140	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	440	280	165	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,455	1,265	1,190	1.0	1.1	1.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,285	1,070	1,215	1.0	0.9	1.0
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,055	525	535	0.5	0.4	0.5
Portuguese	355	160	200	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	730	315	415	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	315	100	215	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	515	255	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,175	555	625	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese languages	1,160	540	615	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	650	285	370	0.3	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	435	225	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	450	205	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,600	1,730	1,870	1.5	1.5	1.6
English and French	730	350	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	2,565	1,240	1,325	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	225	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	215,955	108,025	107,930	92.3	92.6	92.1
French	350	190	160	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-official language	3,345	1,675	1,675	1.4	1.4	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	210	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,135	1,565	1,570	1.3	1.3	1.3
English and French	1,595	740	850	0.7	0.6	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	12,070	5,785	6,285	5.2	5.0	5.4
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	365	175	185	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	240	130	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	231,590	115,600	115,990	99.0	99.0	99.0
Official languages	224,660	112,130	112,530	96.0	96.1	96.0
English	224,095	111,825	112,270	95.8	95.8	95.8
French	565	300	260	0.2	0.3	0.2
Non-official languages	6,930	3,470	3,460	3.0	3.0	3.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	320	165	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,605	3,305	3,305	2.8	2.8	2.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	465	215	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	185	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,335	2,175	2,160	1.9	1.9	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	400	180	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	395	180	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	120	45	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	120	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	955	435	520	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	705	315	385	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	595	265	335	0.3	0.2	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	120	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,315	1,255	1,055	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	2,255	1,225	1,030	1.0	1.0	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	70	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	265	180	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,715	880	835	0.7	0.8	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	640	290	345	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	225	90	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	280	135	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	680	335	345	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	675	335	345	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	395	190	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	130	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,340	1,125	1,215	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	240	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,045	990	1,060	0.9	0.8	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	221,615	110,825	110,790	94.7	94.9	94.5
English	3,140	1,560	1,585	1.3	1.3	1.4
French	1,230	555	675	0.5	0.5	0.6
Non-official language	6,625	3,125	3,500	2.8	2.7	3.0
Indigenous³⁹	820	385	430	0.4	0.3	0.4
Non-Indigenous	5,800	2,730	3,070	2.5	2.3	2.6
English and French	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	405	210	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	645	310	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	230,150	114,870	115,280	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	230,120	114,860	115,255	99.7	99.7	99.7
French	11,795	5,185	6,610	5.1	4.5	5.7
Non-official languages	27,075	13,190	13,890	11.7	11.4	12.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,745	1,340	1,400	1.2	1.2	1.2
Algonquian languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	125	50	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	755	355	400	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern Athabaskan languages	750	350	400	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dakelh (Carrier)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	705	330	375	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	1,705	840	865	0.7	0.7	0.7
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	220	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	420	245	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	950	440	515	0.4	0.4	0.4
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,385	11,880	12,505	10.6	10.3	10.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	460	265	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	445	265	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	405	235	170	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	205	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,525	580	940	0.7	0.5	0.8
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	135	55	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,365	500	870	0.6	0.4	0.8
Waray-Waray	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	400	230	170	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	240	135	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	135	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,090	8,895	9,200	7.8	7.7	8.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,965	840	1,115	0.9	0.7	1.0
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,945	840	1,105	0.8	0.7	1.0
Belarusian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	250	110	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	380	195	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	670	270	400	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	335	150	180	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	250	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	25	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	375	170	205	0.2	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	6,490	3,030	3,460	2.8	2.6	3.0
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,690	2,195	2,495	2.0	1.9	2.2
German	4,535	2,115	2,425	2.0	1.8	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	320	155	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,560	755	805	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	450	235	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	995	465	535	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	470	185	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	200	75	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	170	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	70	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	4,795	2,670	2,125	2.1	2.3	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	4,610	2,550	2,060	2.0	2.2	1.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	210	125	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	1,890	1,015	875	0.8	0.9	0.8
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,280	1,795	1,485	1.4	1.6	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	390	235	155	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	140	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	175	110	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	150	90	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,285	2,495	2,790	2.3	2.2	2.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,495	745	755	0.6	0.6	0.7
Portuguese	505	235	265	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	215	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	3,275	1,495	1,780	1.4	1.3	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	795	345	450	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	560	305	260	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	430	230	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	360	165	200	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	305	130	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,380	735	645	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	1,355	720	640	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	920	465	455	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	530	310	225	0.2	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	40	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	550	245	305	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	255	100	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	275	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	32,695	16,025	16,670	14.2	13.9	14.4
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	31,495	15,475	16,020	13.6	13.4	13.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	21,795	10,820	10,980	9.4	9.4	9.5
Métis	9,605	4,605	5,005	4.2	4.0	4.3
Inuk (Inuit)	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	705	340	360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	500	210	290	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous identity	198,155	99,175	98,980	85.8	86.1	85.6
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	18,010	8,815	9,195	7.8	7.7	8.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	212,840	106,385	106,455	92.2	92.3	92.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	75,820	...	...	75.5	...	...
Renter	23,115	...	...	23.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,445	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,665	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not condominium	89,720	...	...	89.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	735	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	10,025	...	...	10.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	25,670	...	...	25.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	32,570	...	...	32.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	31,380	...	...	31.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	24,355	...	...	24.3	...	...
5 rooms	15,700	...	...	15.6	...	...
6 rooms	14,750	...	...	14.7	...	...
7 rooms	12,515	...	...	12.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	33,065	...	...	32.9	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	99,300	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	1,085	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	97,225	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	3,155	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,430	...	...	10.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	37,380	...	...	37.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	12,235	...	...	12.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	17,035	...	...	17.0	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,710	...	...	4.7	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,285	...	...	7.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,790	...	...	4.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,525	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	93,125	...	...	92.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,260	...	...	7.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	49,970	...	...	49.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	45,465	...	...	45.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,950	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,540	...	...	2.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	11,655	...	...	11.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	14,510	...	...	14.5	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,430	...	...	15.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	21,955	...	...	21.9	...	...
65 to 74 years	20,555	...	...	20.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,650	...	...	10.6	...	...
85 years and over	3,090	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	94,195	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	78,090	...	...	82.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,100	...	...	17.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,495	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	24,440	...	...	24.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,495	...	...	14.4	...	...
Not suitable only	2,350	...	...	2.3	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,565	...	...	5.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	335	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,225	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	425	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	75,940	...	...	75.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	92,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,675	...	...	9.4	...	...
Not in core need	83,910	...	...	90.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	71,830	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.9	...	...	53.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,189	...	...	1,189	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	514,000	...	...	514,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,560	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.8	...	...	33.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.2	...	...	21.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,152	...	...	1,152	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,445	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	409	...	...	409	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15,350	7,660	7,690	6.6	6.6	6.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15,140	7,570	7,575	6.6	6.6	6.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	13,250	6,565	6,685	5.7	5.7	5.8
Métis single ancestry	1,860	985	880	0.8	0.9	0.8
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	19,015	9,100	9,915	8.2	7.9	8.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	18,300	8,765	9,535	7.9	7.6	8.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	12,505	6,100	6,405	5.4	5.3	5.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,705	2,605	3,100	2.5	2.3	2.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	710	335	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	675	310	365	0.3	0.3	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	196,490	98,440	98,050	85.1	85.5	84.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	221,100	110,315	110,785	95.8	95.8	95.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	40,350	20,725	19,620	17.5	18.0	17.0
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	180,750	89,585	91,165	78.3	77.8	78.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,755	4,885	4,865	4.2	4.2	4.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	205,325	102,635	102,685	88.9	89.1	88.8
Immigrants⁸¹	21,890	10,545	11,345	9.5	9.2	9.8
Before 1980	9,385	4,660	4,730	4.1	4.0	4.1
1980 to 1990	2,405	1,150	1,250	1.0	1.0	1.1
1991 to 2000	2,520	1,120	1,395	1.1	1.0	1.2
2001 to 2010	2,990	1,405	1,585	1.3	1.2	1.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,590	2,205	2,385	2.0	1.9	2.1
2011 to 2015	1,835	880	960	0.8	0.8	0.8
2016 to 2021	2,755	1,330	1,425	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,645	2,025	1,620	1.6	1.8	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	21,890	10,540	11,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,870	1,505	1,360	13.1	14.3	12.0
5 to 14 years	4,195	2,220	1,975	19.2	21.1	17.4
15 to 24 years	4,675	2,170	2,510	21.4	20.6	22.1
25 to 44 years	8,500	3,920	4,580	38.8	37.2	40.4
45 years and over	1,645	725	925	7.5	6.9	8.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	21,890	10,540	11,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,605	1,585	2,020	16.5	15.0	17.8
Brazil	85	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombia	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
El Salvador	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Guyana	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haiti	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	70	45	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	190	85	105	0.9	0.8	0.9
Peru	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United States of America	2,725	1,180	1,545	12.4	11.2	13.6
Other places of birth in Americas	340	150	185	1.6	1.4	1.6
Europe	11,025	5,470	5,555	50.4	51.9	49.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
Croatia	145	70	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
France	155	90	60	0.7	0.9	0.5
Germany	1,890	955	930	8.6	9.1	8.2
Greece	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	145	80	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
Italy	735	370	360	3.4	3.5	3.2
Netherlands	830	430	400	3.8	4.1	3.5
Poland	320	185	135	1.5	1.8	1.2
Portugal	190	95	95	0.9	0.9	0.8
Romania	150	80	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
Russian Federation	160	50	115	0.7	0.5	1.0
Serbia⁸⁶	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Ukraine	115	60	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,255	2,095	2,160	19.4	19.9	19.0
Other places of birth in Europe	1,785	840	950	8.2	8.0	8.4
Africa	980	555	425	4.5	5.3	3.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	125	80	50	0.6	0.8	0.4
Somalia	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	490	270	215	2.2	2.6	1.9
Other places of birth in Africa	305	170	135	1.4	1.6	1.2
Asia	5,555	2,550	3,000	25.4	24.2	26.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	90	55	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Iraq	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lebanon	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	70	50	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	505	255	250	2.3	2.4	2.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	140	75	70	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	315	170	145	1.4	1.6	1.3
Taiwan	70	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Philippines	1,320	480	845	6.0	4.6	7.4
Viet Nam	120	60	65	0.5	0.6	0.6
Bangladesh	55	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
India	1,920	965	955	8.8	9.2	8.4
Pakistan	225	95	125	1.0	0.9	1.1
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	645	245	395	2.9	2.3	3.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	725	385	340	3.3	3.7	3.0
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,750	1,325	1,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	325	120	205	11.8	9.1	14.4
Brazil	30	10	20	1.1	0.8	1.4
Colombia	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	45	25	20	1.6	1.9	1.4
United States of America	180	65	115	6.5	4.9	8.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	25	1.5	1.5	1.8
Europe	515	230	285	18.7	17.4	20.0
France	45	30	15	1.6	2.3	1.1
Germany	80	35	45	2.9	2.6	3.2
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	100	115	7.8	7.5	8.1
Other places of birth in Europe	125	55	70	4.5	4.2	4.9
Africa	315	170	140	11.5	12.8	9.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	60	45	10	2.2	3.4	0.7
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	130	65	65	4.7	4.9	4.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	105	55	45	3.8	4.2	3.2
Asia	1,400	680	725	50.9	51.3	50.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	75	40	35	2.7	3.0	2.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7
India	445	245	200	16.2	18.5	14.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4
Jordan	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	30	2.2	2.3	2.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	20	20	1.5	1.5	1.4
Philippines	500	205	295	18.2	15.5	20.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	60	45	20	2.2	3.4	1.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7
Other places of birth in Asia	95	30	65	3.5	2.3	4.6
Oceania and other⁹³	200	130	75	7.3	9.8	5.3
Australia	140	80	60	5.1	6.0	4.2
Other places of birth⁹⁸	60	45	15	2.2	3.4	1.1
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	27,455	13,435	14,020	11.9	11.7	12.1
Second generation¹⁰¹	37,275	18,515	18,760	16.1	16.1	16.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	166,115	83,250	82,870	72.0	72.3	71.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,500	5,880	6,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,955	3,635	3,325	55.6	61.8	50.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,210	1,955	1,250	25.7	33.2	18.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,745	1,675	2,075	30.0	28.5	31.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,645	1,760	2,880	37.2	29.9	43.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	790	415	375	6.3	7.1	5.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	115	70	40	0.9	1.2	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,500	5,880	6,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	155	95	55	1.2	1.6	0.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,700	1,260	1,445	21.6	21.4	21.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	495	240	255	4.0	4.1	3.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	885	440	445	7.1	7.5	6.7
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	135	50	85	1.1	0.9	1.3
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,130	3,805	4,330	65.0	64.7	65.4
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,965	7,890	8,075	6.9	6.8	7.0
South Asian	5,945	3,210	2,735	2.6	2.8	2.4
Chinese	1,885	960	930	0.8	0.8	0.8
Black	1,605	775	830	0.7	0.7	0.7
Filipino	1,885	715	1,175	0.8	0.6	1.0
Arab	295	170	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	875	390	480	0.4	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	605	335	275	0.3	0.3	0.2
West Asian	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	590	335	255	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	1,420	635	780	0.6	0.6	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	175	60	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	475	205	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	214,890	107,310	107,585	93.1	93.2	93.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	31,030	15,840	15,195	13.4	13.8	13.1
English	66,385	32,015	34,370	28.8	27.8	29.7
Irish	40,215	19,300	20,915	17.4	16.8	18.1
Scottish	50,585	24,585	25,995	21.9	21.3	22.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,710	10,440	11,265	9.4	9.1	9.7
German	38,310	18,880	19,420	16.6	16.4	16.8
Chinese	2,215	1,080	1,135	1.0	0.9	1.0
Italian	9,485	4,800	4,685	4.1	4.2	4.1
Indian (India)	3,680	1,940	1,745	1.6	1.7	1.5
Ukrainian	14,735	7,195	7,535	6.4	6.2	6.5
Dutch	12,370	6,120	6,245	5.4	5.3	5.4
Polish	7,515	3,570	3,950	3.3	3.1	3.4
Québécois	320	135	185	0.1	0.1	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	9,190	4,630	4,560	4.0	4.0	3.9
Filipino	2,015	805	1,205	0.9	0.7	1.0
French Canadian	2,350	1,095	1,255	1.0	1.0	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,235	2,740	2,505	2.3	2.4	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,230	5,980	6,250	5.3	5.2	5.4
Métis	8,480	4,010	4,465	3.7	3.5	3.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	5,820	2,855	2,960	2.5	2.5	2.6
Russian	6,290	2,980	3,315	2.7	2.6	2.9
Norwegian	10,110	4,900	5,210	4.4	4.3	4.5
Welsh	6,165	2,915	3,240	2.7	2.5	2.8
Portuguese	1,010	475	535	0.4	0.4	0.5
American	4,645	2,345	2,300	2.0	2.0	2.0
Spanish	1,450	625	825	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	8,030	3,895	4,135	3.5	3.4	3.6
Hungarian	3,150	1,520	1,630	1.4	1.3	1.4
Acadian	420	220	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	265	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	720	270	450	0.3	0.2	0.4
Jewish	630	285	345	0.3	0.2	0.3
Punjabi	755	400	355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Vietnamese	320	180	145	0.1	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	670	300	365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jamaican	295	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	420	205	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,445	1,175	1,265	1.1	1.0	1.1
Korean	585	315	265	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	1,530	680	845	0.7	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	190	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	425	205	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	3,490	1,755	1,740	1.5	1.5	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,560	1,240	1,315	1.1	1.1	1.1
Sikh	890	500	395	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austrian	3,135	1,640	1,490	1.4	1.4	1.3
Belgian	1,190	560	625	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	210	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	850	470	380	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	970	495	480	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	2,340	1,165	1,180	1.0	1.0	1.0
Finnish	2,610	1,280	1,330	1.1	1.1	1.1
Sri Lankan	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	885	445	440	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	1,690	770	920	0.7	0.7	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	205	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	280	145	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	2,090	980	1,110	0.9	0.9	1.0
Muslim	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	95	60	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,495	735	755	0.6	0.6	0.7
Colombian	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,120	560	565	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	235	120	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	455	260	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	330	160	175	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	195	70	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	75	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	30	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Turkish	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	160	100	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	110	60	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algerian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	220	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	570	285	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	535	265	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	345	120	225	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	590	300	285	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	775	420	355	0.3	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	130	55	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	100	65	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	235	100	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	380	160	225	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	375	180	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	330	160	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	325	160	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	255	140	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	230	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	1,405	670	740	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	245	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	205	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	390	175	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	235	120	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	250	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	105	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	820	345	475	0.4	0.3	0.4
Christian	79,615	36,035	43,585	34.5	31.3	37.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	19,375	9,040	10,335	8.4	7.8	8.9
Anabaptist	720	355	370	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	7,840	3,440	4,400	3.4	3.0	3.8
Baptist	3,090	1,375	1,715	1.3	1.2	1.5
Catholic	23,480	11,170	12,305	10.2	9.7	10.6
Christian Orthodox	735	340	395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	1,815	845	975	0.8	0.7	0.8
Latter Day Saints	840	340	495	0.4	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	3,360	1,400	1,965	1.5	1.2	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	215	75	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,110	955	1,160	0.9	0.8	1.0
Presbyterian	1,140	475	670	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reformed	285	145	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	8,845	3,490	5,355	3.8	3.0	4.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,755	2,575	3,180	2.5	2.2	2.7
Hindu	1,230	680	550	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jewish	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	1,170	650	525	0.5	0.6	0.5
Sikh	2,950	1,625	1,325	1.3	1.4	1.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,570	760	815	0.7	0.7	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,610	1,005	1,605	1.1	0.9	1.4
No religion and secular perspectives	140,695	74,010	66,685	60.9	64.2	57.7
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	228,975	114,245	114,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	198,410	99,265	99,155	86.7	86.9	86.4
Movers	30,560	14,985	15,575	13.3	13.1	13.6
Non-migrants	16,815	8,170	8,645	7.3	7.2	7.5
Migrants	13,750	6,815	6,935	6.0	6.0	6.0
Internal migrants	12,625	6,295	6,335	5.5	5.5	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	9,705	4,880	4,825	4.2	4.3	4.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,925	1,410	1,515	1.3	1.2	1.3
External migrants	1,120	520	600	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	220,795	110,015	110,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	123,305	61,615	61,690	55.8	56.0	55.7
Movers	97,490	48,400	49,090	44.2	44.0	44.3
Non-migrants	35,195	17,415	17,780	15.9	15.8	16.0
Migrants	62,300	30,980	31,315	28.2	28.2	28.3
Internal migrants	57,090	28,315	28,780	25.9	25.7	26.0
Intraprovincial migrants	45,765	22,550	23,215	20.7	20.5	21.0
Interprovincial migrants	11,330	5,765	5,560	5.1	5.2	5.0
External migrants	5,210	2,670	2,535	2.4	2.4	2.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	196,815	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	39,255	22,085	17,165	19.9	22.6	17.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	157,565	75,580	81,980	80.1	77.4	82.7
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,430	59,385	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,935	9,335	6,595	13.2	15.7	10.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	104,495	50,045	54,450	86.8	84.3	89.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	196,810	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	32,925	17,810	15,115	16.7	18.2	15.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65,385	31,895	33,495	33.2	32.7	33.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	98,505	47,965	50,540	50.1	49.1	51.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	67,305	34,640	32,655	34.2	35.5	32.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,270	18,505	4,770	11.8	18.9	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,550	5,235	3,315	4.3	5.4	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	14,720	13,265	1,455	7.5	13.6	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35,990	13,310	22,685	18.3	13.6	22.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,035	2,835	5,205	4.1	2.9	5.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,200	13,325	17,885	15.9	13.6	18.0
Bachelor's degree	20,815	8,780	12,030	10.6	9.0	12.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,495	975	1,520	1.3	1.0	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	960	560	390	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	6,215	2,630	3,585	3.2	2.7	3.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	720	370	345	0.4	0.4	0.3
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,435	59,385	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,790	7,330	5,455	10.6	12.3	8.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	38,165	19,360	18,810	31.7	32.6	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	69,475	32,695	36,780	57.7	55.1	60.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	46,060	23,370	22,690	38.2	39.4	37.2
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,375	12,285	3,090	12.8	20.7	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,525	3,415	2,105	4.6	5.8	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	9,855	8,870	980	8.2	14.9	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,950	9,080	15,870	20.7	15.3	26.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,740	2,010	3,730	4.8	3.4	6.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,415	9,325	14,090	19.4	15.7	23.1
Bachelor's degree	15,860	6,385	9,480	13.2	10.8	15.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,775	635	1,135	1.5	1.1	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	700	355	350	0.6	0.6	0.6
Master's degree	4,595	1,730	2,865	3.8	2.9	4.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	485	225	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	196,815	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	98,305	49,705	48,605	49.9	50.9	49.0
Education	8,095	2,115	5,980	4.1	2.2	6.0
13. Education	8,095	2,115	5,980	4.1	2.2	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,165	930	1,240	1.1	1.0	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	185	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,925	745	1,175	1.0	0.8	1.2
Humanities	3,440	1,410	2,030	1.7	1.4	2.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	250	70	185	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	760	230	530	0.4	0.2	0.5
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,080	360	720	0.5	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	125	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	645	360	285	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	405	225	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,685	2,295	5,390	3.9	2.3	5.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130	25	100	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	245	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,795	90	1,705	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,425	370	1,055	0.7	0.4	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,305	370	935	0.7	0.4	0.9
45. Social sciences	2,305	1,145	1,160	1.2	1.2	1.2
Business, management and public administration	17,875	5,625	12,255	9.1	5.8	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,290	360	1,930	1.2	0.4	1.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,570	5,265	10,300	7.9	5.4	10.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,165	1,630	1,530	1.6	1.7	1.5
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,420	635	785	0.7	0.7	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745	355	390	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	735	545	195	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	220	75	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,050	1,215	840	1.0	1.2	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,615	1,050	570	0.8	1.1	0.6
25. Library science	185	0	185	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	225	140	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	24,800	23,245	1,550	12.6	23.8	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	305	190	115	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	2,305	1,985	320	1.2	2.0	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,150	3,635	515	2.1	3.7	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	7,105	6,845	260	3.6	7.0	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,490	7,255	235	3.8	7.4	0.2
48. Precision production	3,435	3,335	100	1.7	3.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,030	3,075	1,955	2.6	3.1	2.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,935	880	1,055	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,090	2,190	900	1.6	2.2	0.9
Health and related fields	17,035	2,515	14,515	8.7	2.6	14.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	970	525	450	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15,740	1,820	13,925	8.0	1.9	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	170	130	0.2	0.2	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,145	3,915	3,230	3.6	4.0	3.3
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,090	1,220	2,865	2.1	1.2	2.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	940	695	240	0.5	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,095	1,970	125	1.1	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	120,430	59,385	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,955	26,695	24,265	42.3	45.0	39.7
Education	5,045	1,045	3,995	4.2	1.8	6.5
13. Education	5,045	1,045	3,995	4.2	1.8	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,685	705	985	1.4	1.2	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,550	615	940	1.3	1.0	1.5
Humanities	2,415	960	1,455	2.0	1.6	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	50	145	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	525	155	365	0.4	0.3	0.6
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	235	520	0.6	0.4	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	400	225	175	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	315	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,770	1,595	4,170	4.8	2.7	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	455	170	285	0.4	0.3	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,355	70	1,290	1.1	0.1	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	1,090	235	855	0.9	0.4	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	940	235	710	0.8	0.4	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,735	845	890	1.4	1.4	1.5
Business, management and public administration	12,785	3,975	8,815	10.6	6.7	14.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,685	225	1,455	1.4	0.4	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,100	3,745	7,350	9.2	6.3	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,305	1,115	1,185	1.9	1.9	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,055	430	625	0.9	0.7	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	575	255	315	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	535	380	150	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,610	1,035	580	1.3	1.7	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,365	935	425	1.1	1.6	0.7
25. Library science	105	0	105	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,705	15,455	1,250	13.9	26.0	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,670	1,415	255	1.4	2.4	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,850	2,430	420	2.4	4.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,860	4,640	215	4.0	7.8	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,860	4,675	190	4.0	7.9	0.3
48. Precision production	2,240	2,160	85	1.9	3.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,870	2,165	1,705	3.2	3.6	2.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,470	575	895	1.2	1.0	1.5
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,400	1,590	810	2.0	2.7	1.3
Health and related fields	12,165	1,850	10,315	10.1	3.1	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	765	405	365	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,140	1,335	9,810	9.3	2.2	16.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,110	2,800	2,315	4.2	4.7	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,915	905	2,015	2.4	1.5	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	690	485	205	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,500	1,400	100	1.2	2.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	120,430	59,385	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,955	26,695	24,265	42.3	45.0	39.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	69,475	32,695	36,780	57.7	55.1	60.3
Location of study inside Canada	62,655	29,335	33,320	52.0	49.4	54.6
Same as province or territory of residence	49,475	22,940	26,540	41.1	38.6	43.5
Different than province or territory of residence	13,185	6,405	6,785	10.9	10.8	11.1
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,820	3,360	3,460	5.7	5.7	5.7
Americas	1,645	760	895	1.4	1.3	1.5
United States of America	1,380	655	730	1.1	1.1	1.2
Mexico	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	2,135	1,095	1,040	1.8	1.8	1.7
Belgium	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
France	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Germany	375	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Netherlands	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	920	510	415	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	240	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	415	210	200	0.3	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	2,140	1,015	1,125	1.8	1.7	1.8
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	105	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	535	170	365	0.4	0.3	0.6
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	875	545	330	0.7	0.9	0.5
Pakistan	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oceania	490	275	205	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australia	335	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
New Zealand	135	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	196,810	97,670	99,145	...	...	...
In the labour force	115,110	60,520	54,595	...	...	...
Employed	105,150	54,995	50,160	...	...	...
Unemployed	9,965	5,525	4,435	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	81,700	37,150	44,550	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	62.0	55.1	58.5	62.0	55.1
Employment rate	53.4	56.3	50.6	53.4	56.3	50.6
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.1	8.1	8.7	9.1	8.1
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	196,815	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	81,185	37,365	43,815	41.2	38.3	44.2
Worked	115,630	60,305	55,330	58.8	61.7	55.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	56,795	32,360	24,440	28.9	33.1	24.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	58,835	27,950	30,885	29.9	28.6	31.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.1	39.9	40.5	41.1	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	115,115	60,520	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,200	1,165	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.9
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	112,915	59,355	53,560	98.1	98.1	98.1
Employee	94,380	48,460	45,920	82.0	80.1	84.1
Permanent position	77,705	40,550	37,155	67.5	67.0	68.1
Temporary position	16,675	7,910	8,765	14.5	13.1	16.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,815	1,625	2,190	3.3	2.7	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,860	6,285	6,570	11.2	10.4	12.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	18,530	10,895	7,635	16.1	18.0	14.0
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	115,115	60,520	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,200	1,165	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.9
All occupations¹⁹¹	112,915	59,355	53,560	98.1	98.1	98.1
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	870	545	325	0.8	0.9	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,580	3,525	12,060	13.5	5.8	22.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,100	4,605	1,495	5.3	7.6	2.7
3 Health occupations	9,260	1,575	7,690	8.0	2.6	14.1
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,590	3,955	8,630	10.9	6.5	15.8
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,410	900	1,510	2.1	1.5	2.8
6 Sales and service occupations	28,835	11,585	17,250	25.0	19.1	31.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,105	23,825	2,280	22.7	39.4	4.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,715	5,105	1,610	5.8	8.4	2.9
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,450	3,730	720	3.9	6.2	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	115,115	60,520	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,200	1,165	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.9
All industries¹⁹¹	112,915	59,355	53,560	98.1	98.1	98.1
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,560	3,890	1,670	4.8	6.4	3.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,795	3,355	435	3.3	5.5	0.8
22 Utilities	805	635	170	0.7	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	11,785	10,045	1,740	10.2	16.6	3.2
31-33 Manufacturing	6,840	5,455	1,390	5.9	9.0	2.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,485	1,835	645	2.2	3.0	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	14,050	6,515	7,530	12.2	10.8	13.8
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,795	4,565	1,230	5.0	7.5	2.3
51 Information and cultural industries	1,080	575	510	0.9	1.0	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	2,400	635	1,760	2.1	1.0	3.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,690	810	880	1.5	1.3	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,230	3,005	3,225	5.4	5.0	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	140	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,505	2,580	1,930	3.9	4.3	3.5
61 Educational services	7,390	2,185	5,210	6.4	3.6	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	15,150	2,435	12,720	13.2	4.0	23.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,890	1,455	1,435	2.5	2.4	2.6
72 Accommodation and food services	8,515	3,485	5,030	7.4	5.8	9.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,030	2,540	2,490	4.4	4.2	4.6
91 Public administration	6,765	3,260	3,505	5.9	5.4	6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	125,840	65,580	60,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,780	64,735	59,045	98.4	98.7	98.0
French	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	550	190	355	0.4	0.3	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	1,090	475	615	0.9	0.7	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	125,840	65,580	60,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	125,640	65,500	60,140	99.8	99.9	99.8
Official languages	125,165	65,265	59,895	99.5	99.5	99.4
English	124,915	65,185	59,730	99.3	99.4	99.1
French	250	85	170	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	480	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	30	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	415	225	190	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and French	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	125,840	65,580	60,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,385	64,985	59,400	98.8	99.1	98.6
English	320	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
French	360	130	225	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	665	275	390	0.5	0.4	0.6
Indigenous³⁹	185	65	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	480	210	270	0.4	0.3	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	105,150	54,990	50,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,535	6,295	8,240	13.8	11.4	16.4
Worked outside Canada	155	115	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	17,980	13,695	4,285	17.1	24.9	8.5
Usual place of work	72,480	34,895	37,585	68.9	63.5	74.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	72,480	34,895	37,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	49,345	21,940	27,405	68.1	62.9	72.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,355	9,920	8,440	25.3	28.4	22.5
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,070	2,475	1,595	5.6	7.1	4.2
Commute to a different province or territory	710	565	150	1.0	1.6	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	90,455	48,585	41,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	79,335	43,065	36,270	87.7	88.6	86.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	73,725	40,460	33,265	81.5	83.3	79.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,615	2,610	3,005	6.2	5.4	7.2
Public transit	2,265	1,060	1,200	2.5	2.2	2.9
Walked	5,540	2,370	3,175	6.1	4.9	7.6
Bicycle	1,225	785	440	1.4	1.6	1.1
Other method	2,090	1,310	785	2.3	2.7	1.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	90,455	48,585	41,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	42,385	20,270	22,115	46.9	41.7	52.8
15 to 29 minutes	29,380	15,610	13,770	32.5	32.1	32.9
30 to 44 minutes	8,935	5,500	3,435	9.9	11.3	8.2
45 to 59 minutes	4,025	2,640	1,385	4.4	5.4	3.3
60 minutes and over	5,720	4,555	1,160	6.3	9.4	2.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	90,455	48,585	41,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,520	5,910	1,610	8.3	12.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15,865	10,675	5,190	17.5	22.0	12.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	24,315	12,655	11,660	26.9	26.0	27.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	19,515	7,570	11,945	21.6	15.6	28.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,890	3,865	6,025	10.9	8.0	14.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,350	7,920	5,435	14.8	16.3	13.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	41,875	21,580	20,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,455	1,245	1,210	5.9	5.8	6.0
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	39,420	20,330	19,085	94.1	94.2	94.0
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	30,930	16,000	14,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,890	970	925	6.1	6.1	6.2
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	985	480	505	3.2	3.0	3.4
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	905	490	420	2.9	3.1	2.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	29,045	15,030	14,010	93.9	93.9	93.8

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table