Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thompson/Cariboo Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region] Remove						British ColumbiaMore information: [Province] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	236,788	...	...	...	...	...	5,000,879	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	4,648,055	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	7.6	...	...	7.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	115,575	...	...	...	...	...	2,211,694	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	100,330	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,834	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.4	...	...	5.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...	920,686.55	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	236,790	118,000	118,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	5,000,880	2,457,515	2,543,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	34,180	17,550	16,630	14.4	14.9	14.0	716,900	369,250	347,650	14.3	15.0	13.7
0 to 4 years	10,185	5,180	5,000	4.3	4.4	4.2	216,825	111,015	105,805	4.3	4.5	4.2
5 to 9 years	11,705	5,975	5,735	4.9	5.1	4.8	244,290	125,810	118,485	4.9	5.1	4.7
10 to 14 years	12,290	6,395	5,895	5.2	5.4	5.0	255,790	132,425	123,365	5.1	5.4	4.9
15 to 64 years	145,170	72,530	72,640	61.3	61.5	61.1	3,267,620	1,614,625	1,652,995	65.3	65.7	65.0
15 to 19 years	11,425	5,980	5,445	4.8	5.1	4.6	253,690	131,245	122,445	5.1	5.3	4.8
20 to 24 years	11,590	6,110	5,475	4.9	5.2	4.6	294,650	151,505	143,145	5.9	6.2	5.6
25 to 29 years	13,345	6,925	6,420	5.6	5.9	5.4	337,090	170,500	166,585	6.7	6.9	6.5
30 to 34 years	14,390	7,260	7,130	6.1	6.2	6.0	358,585	178,925	179,660	7.2	7.3	7.1
35 to 39 years	14,625	7,310	7,310	6.2	6.2	6.2	353,350	175,175	178,175	7.1	7.1	7.0
40 to 44 years	13,300	6,615	6,685	5.6	5.6	5.6	319,740	156,480	163,260	6.4	6.4	6.4
45 to 49 years	13,200	6,590	6,615	5.6	5.6	5.6	310,035	149,520	160,515	6.2	6.1	6.3
50 to 54 years	14,840	7,220	7,620	6.3	6.1	6.4	329,005	158,540	170,460	6.6	6.5	6.7
55 to 59 years	17,995	8,625	9,365	7.6	7.3	7.9	356,345	172,520	183,825	7.1	7.0	7.2
60 to 64 years	20,465	9,885	10,580	8.6	8.4	8.9	355,130	170,210	184,920	7.1	6.9	7.3
65 years and over	57,440	27,920	29,520	24.3	23.7	24.9	1,016,365	473,640	542,720	20.3	19.3	21.3
65 to 69 years	18,715	9,235	9,485	7.9	7.8	8.0	319,405	152,705	166,700	6.4	6.2	6.6
70 to 74 years	15,565	7,815	7,750	6.6	6.6	6.5	272,365	130,370	141,995	5.4	5.3	5.6
75 to 79 years	10,415	5,165	5,255	4.4	4.4	4.4	181,075	86,060	95,015	3.6	3.5	3.7
80 to 84 years	6,625	3,170	3,460	2.8	2.7	2.9	121,055	55,285	65,780	2.4	2.2	2.6
85 years and over	6,115	2,540	3,580	2.6	2.2	3.0	122,465	49,225	73,235	2.4	2.0	2.9
85 to 89 years	3,920	1,745	2,180	1.7	1.5	1.8	74,315	32,315	42,005	1.5	1.3	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,715	670	1,045	0.7	0.6	0.9	36,840	13,715	23,120	0.7	0.6	0.9
95 to 99 years	415	115	305	0.2	0.1	0.3	9,790	2,865	6,925	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	330	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	14.9	14.0	14.4	14.9	14.0	14.3	15.0	13.7	14.3	15.0	13.7
15 to 64 years	61.3	61.5	61.1	61.3	61.5	61.1	65.3	65.7	65.0	65.3	65.7	65.0
65 years and over	24.3	23.7	24.9	24.3	23.7	24.9	20.3	19.3	21.3	20.3	19.3	21.3
85 years and over	2.6	2.2	3.0	2.6	2.2	3.0	2.4	2.0	2.9	2.4	2.0	2.9
Average age of the population	45.1	44.4	45.8	45.1	44.4	45.8	43.1	42.2	43.9	43.1	42.2	43.9
Median age of the population	47.2	46.0	48.4	47.2	46.0	48.4	42.8	41.6	44.0	42.8	41.6	44.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	64,485	...	...	64.3	...	...	866,340	...	...	42.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,745	...	...	4.7	...	...	62,890	...	...	3.1	...	...
Row house	6,160	...	...	6.1	...	...	168,590	...	...	8.3	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,825	...	...	5.8	...	...	249,835	...	...	12.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,755	...	...	10.7	...	...	417,475	...	...	20.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	920	...	...	0.9	...	...	221,845	...	...	10.9	...	...
Other single-attached house	250	...	...	0.2	...	...	3,760	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	7,195	...	...	7.2	...	...	51,100	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	28,790	...	...	28.7	...	...	600,705	...	...	29.4	...	...
2 persons	40,575	...	...	40.4	...	...	719,865	...	...	35.3	...	...
3 persons	13,255	...	...	13.2	...	...	296,200	...	...	14.5	...	...
4 persons	11,130	...	...	11.1	...	...	256,700	...	...	12.6	...	...
5 or more persons	6,580	...	...	6.6	...	...	168,355	...	...	8.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	202,610	100,450	102,160	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,283,980	2,088,265	2,195,715	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	120,270	60,030	60,235	59.4	59.8	59.0	2,464,130	1,229,850	1,234,280	57.5	58.9	56.2
Married	93,905	46,880	47,030	46.3	46.7	46.0	2,036,165	1,015,165	1,021,000	47.5	48.6	46.5
Living common-law	26,365	13,155	13,210	13.0	13.1	12.9	427,970	214,680	213,285	10.0	10.3	9.7
Living common law - Never married	18,130	9,125	9,005	8.9	9.1	8.8	313,560	158,045	155,515	7.3	7.6	7.1
Living common law - Separated	1,345	675	670	0.7	0.7	0.7	17,220	8,940	8,285	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	6,100	3,040	3,060	3.0	3.0	3.0	87,370	43,700	43,670	2.0	2.1	2.0
Living common law - Widowed	795	315	475	0.4	0.3	0.5	9,815	3,995	5,820	0.2	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	82,340	40,420	41,920	40.6	40.2	41.0	1,819,845	858,415	961,435	42.5	41.1	43.8
Not married and not living common law - Never married	49,545	28,140	21,410	24.5	28.0	21.0	1,202,625	653,345	549,280	28.1	31.3	25.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	6,040	2,785	3,250	3.0	2.8	3.2	110,710	47,290	63,420	2.6	2.3	2.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	14,310	6,475	7,835	7.1	6.4	7.7	283,035	109,615	173,420	6.6	5.2	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	12,450	3,025	9,430	6.1	3.0	9.2	223,475	48,165	175,310	5.2	2.3	8.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	68,620	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,399,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	42,310	...	...	61.7	...	...	763,875	...	...	54.6	...	...
3 persons	12,025	...	...	17.5	...	...	290,335	...	...	20.7	...	...
4 persons	10,180	...	...	14.8	...	...	255,295	...	...	18.2	...	...
5 or more persons	4,105	...	...	6.0	...	...	89,900	...	...	6.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	68,625	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,399,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	58,565	...	...	85.3	...	...	1,190,930	...	...	85.1	...	...
Married couples	45,390	...	...	66.1	...	...	977,010	...	...	69.8	...	...
With children⁶	18,085	...	...	26.4	...	...	496,240	...	...	35.5	...	...
Without children	27,305	...	...	39.8	...	...	480,770	...	...	34.4	...	...
Common-law couples	13,175	...	...	19.2	...	...	213,925	...	...	15.3	...	...
With children⁶	4,605	...	...	6.7	...	...	64,570	...	...	4.6	...	...
Without children	8,575	...	...	12.5	...	...	149,355	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	10,055	...	...	14.7	...	...	208,475	...	...	14.9	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	7,505	...	...	10.9	...	...	161,820	...	...	11.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,545	...	...	3.7	...	...	46,655	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	183,340	91,270	92,070	79.5	79.3	79.6	3,897,915	1,933,790	1,964,120	79.3	80.0	78.6
Married spouses or common-law partners	117,130	58,490	58,640	50.8	50.8	50.7	2,381,865	1,191,345	1,190,515	48.5	49.3	47.6
Parents in one-parent families	10,055	2,550	7,510	4.4	2.2	6.5	208,475	46,660	161,820	4.2	1.9	6.5
Children⁶	56,160	30,230	25,925	24.3	26.3	22.4	1,307,575	695,790	611,785	26.6	28.8	24.5
In a two-parent family	41,140	21,815	19,330	17.8	19.0	16.7	1,001,235	529,410	471,830	20.4	21.9	18.9
In a one-parent family	15,015	8,420	6,595	6.5	7.3	5.7	306,340	166,380	139,960	6.2	6.9	5.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	47,360	23,815	23,545	20.5	20.7	20.4	1,018,030	483,010	535,015	20.7	20.0	21.4
Living alone	28,790	13,975	14,815	12.5	12.1	12.8	600,705	273,740	326,960	12.2	11.3	13.1
Living with other relatives⁷	5,850	2,645	3,215	2.5	2.3	2.8	139,900	56,735	83,160	2.8	2.3	3.3
Living with non-relatives only	12,720	7,195	5,520	5.5	6.3	4.8	277,425	152,535	124,890	5.6	6.3	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	59,255	...	...	59.1	...	...	1,157,520	...	...	56.7	...	...
Couple-family households	51,920	...	...	51.7	...	...	1,002,775	...	...	49.1	...	...
With children⁶	19,860	...	...	19.8	...	...	463,945	...	...	22.7	...	...
Without children	32,055	...	...	31.9	...	...	538,825	...	...	26.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	7,335	...	...	7.3	...	...	154,745	...	...	7.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,435	...	...	2.4	...	...	75,700	...	...	3.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	745	...	...	0.7	...	...	20,325	...	...	1.0	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	4,130	...	...	4.1	...	...	79,015	...	...	3.9	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,960	...	...	4.9	...	...	108,570	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	28,790	...	...	28.7	...	...	600,705	...	...	29.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	196,610	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	191,710	95,230	96,480	97.5	97.6	97.4	4,076,345	1,987,855	2,088,490	97.0	97.0	97.0
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,800	33,600	39,200	46,800	33,600	40,800	47,200	36,000	40,800	47,200	36,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	191,790	95,280	96,510	97.5	97.6	97.5	4,078,810	1,989,180	2,089,630	97.1	97.1	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	31,400	36,000	42,400	31,400	37,200	42,400	33,600	37,200	42,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	168,760	85,540	83,215	85.8	87.7	84.0	3,655,710	1,808,310	1,847,405	87.0	88.3	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	41,600	25,200	32,400	41,600	25,200	35,200	43,600	28,400	35,200	43,600	28,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	128,675	66,880	61,800	65.4	68.5	62.4	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,030	68.7	71.8	65.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,800	28,200	35,200	44,800	28,200	38,000	46,000	31,200	38,000	46,000	31,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	162,525	76,940	85,585	82.7	78.8	86.4	3,377,800	1,555,875	1,821,925	80.4	76.0	84.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	12,000	12,100	12,000	12,000	12,100	10,000	9,100	10,600	10,000	9,100	10,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,745	10,730	10,015	10.6	11.0	10.1	370,345	168,520	201,825	8.8	8.2	9.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,640	5,480	5,560	5,640	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,520	5,480	5,480	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,710	22,850	23,865	23.8	23.4	24.1	1,106,935	526,910	580,025	26.4	25.7	27.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	191,860	95,235	96,625	97.5	97.5	97.5	4,075,270	1,987,400	2,087,875	97.0	97.0	97.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,760	58,650	41,040	49,760	58,650	41,040	54,450	63,500	45,800	54,450	63,500	45,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	191,920	95,270	96,650	97.5	97.5	97.5	4,077,810	1,988,785	2,089,025	97.1	97.1	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,960	49,560	36,480	42,960	49,560	36,480	45,600	51,900	39,600	45,600	51,900	39,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	168,605	85,080	83,525	85.7	87.1	84.2	3,654,285	1,807,745	1,846,535	87.0	88.3	85.8
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,880	54,700	34,800	44,880	54,700	34,800	50,520	60,800	40,440	50,520	60,800	40,440
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	128,810	66,715	62,090	65.4	68.3	62.6	2,886,325	1,472,690	1,413,635	68.7	71.9	65.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,680	55,000	35,680	45,680	55,000	35,680	50,520	59,800	40,840	50,520	59,800	40,840
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	162,255	76,830	85,425	82.4	78.7	86.2	3,374,170	1,553,970	1,820,205	80.3	75.9	84.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,250	12,080	12,390	12,250	12,080	12,390	11,030	10,490	11,490	11,030	10,490	11,490
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,960	10,805	10,150	10.6	11.1	10.2	368,410	167,495	200,910	8.8	8.2	9.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	6,520	6,710	6,610	6,520	6,710	6,540	6,030	6,970	6,540	6,030	6,970
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,010	22,865	24,145	23.9	23.4	24.4	1,102,145	524,940	577,205	26.2	25.6	26.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,490	8,980	8,740	8,490	8,980	9,110	8,940	9,260	9,110	8,940	9,260
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	54,785	31,030	23,750	27.8	31.8	24.0	1,301,410	737,105	564,300	31.0	36.0	26.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	71,500	52,800	62,000	71,500	52,800	65,000	71,500	57,600	65,000	71,500	57,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	78,800	57,750	69,600	78,800	57,750	77,700	86,600	66,000	77,700	86,600	66,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	54,940	25,960	28,980	27.9	26.6	29.2	1,195,830	547,835	647,995	28.5	26.7	30.1
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,600	17,200	20,400	25,600	17,200	19,400	22,400	17,400	19,400	22,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,720	39,920	24,380	31,720	39,920	24,380	30,560	36,160	25,840	30,560	36,160	25,840
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	83.4	73.4	79.2	83.4	73.4	83.2	87.0	78.2	83.2	87.0	78.2
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.6	65.6	55.8	61.6	65.6	55.8	65.8	69.8	60.4	65.8	69.8	60.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	16.6	26.7	20.8	16.6	26.7	16.8	12.9	21.9	16.8	12.9	21.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.1	0.8	1.5	1.1	0.8	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.3	7.1	5.5	4.3	7.1	5.6	4.5	7.1	5.6	4.5	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.5	4.3	3.5	5.5	4.5	3.7	5.6	4.5	3.7	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	196,615	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,900	2,350	2,550	2.5	2.4	2.6	124,155	60,445	63,710	3.0	3.0	3.0
With total income	191,715	95,230	96,480	97.5	97.6	97.4	4,076,350	1,987,855	2,088,490	97.0	97.0	97.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,580	6,850	9,730	8.6	7.2	10.1	385,230	166,325	218,900	9.5	8.4	10.5
$10,000 to $19,999	24,400	9,530	14,865	12.7	10.0	15.4	474,245	197,530	276,715	11.6	9.9	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	31,215	13,225	17,990	16.3	13.9	18.6	627,895	264,860	363,035	15.4	13.3	17.4
$30,000 to $39,999	25,700	11,180	14,520	13.4	11.7	15.0	515,780	222,825	292,955	12.7	11.2	14.0
$40,000 to $49,999	21,495	9,765	11,730	11.2	10.3	12.2	442,130	198,985	243,150	10.8	10.0	11.6
$50,000 to $59,999	17,100	8,490	8,610	8.9	8.9	8.9	363,335	172,380	190,950	8.9	8.7	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	13,120	7,435	5,685	6.8	7.8	5.9	284,130	149,100	135,030	7.0	7.5	6.5
$70,000 to $79,999	9,900	6,120	3,780	5.2	6.4	3.9	221,755	125,565	96,190	5.4	6.3	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	7,775	4,950	2,820	4.1	5.2	2.9	172,110	101,195	70,915	4.2	5.1	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	5,925	3,800	2,125	3.1	4.0	2.2	136,185	81,180	55,005	3.3	4.1	2.6
$100,000 and over	18,505	13,880	4,625	9.7	14.6	4.8	453,550	307,905	145,645	11.1	15.5	7.0
$100,000 to $149,999	13,470	9,925	3,545	7.0	10.4	3.7	297,440	194,595	102,850	7.3	9.8	4.9
$150,000 and over	5,040	3,955	1,080	2.6	4.2	1.1	156,105	113,310	42,800	3.8	5.7	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	196,615	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,825	2,305	2,520	2.5	2.4	2.5	121,690	59,120	62,575	2.9	2.9	2.9
With after-tax income	191,785	95,280	96,510	97.5	97.6	97.5	4,078,810	1,989,185	2,089,630	97.1	97.1	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	17,320	7,080	10,235	9.0	7.4	10.6	402,375	172,800	229,575	9.9	8.7	11.0
$10,000 to $19,999	25,175	9,855	15,325	13.1	10.3	15.9	490,875	204,625	286,255	12.0	10.3	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	34,825	14,755	20,075	18.2	15.5	20.8	705,795	299,550	406,245	17.3	15.1	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	29,300	13,020	16,285	15.3	13.7	16.9	593,485	261,620	331,865	14.6	13.2	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	23,910	11,475	12,435	12.5	12.0	12.9	502,775	233,645	269,135	12.3	11.7	12.9
$50,000 to $59,999	18,070	9,910	8,160	9.4	10.4	8.5	387,850	198,895	188,955	9.5	10.0	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	12,935	7,990	4,945	6.7	8.4	5.1	283,825	160,510	123,315	7.0	8.1	5.9
$70,000 to $79,999	9,465	6,065	3,400	4.9	6.4	3.5	207,535	122,690	84,840	5.1	6.2	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	6,775	4,585	2,190	3.5	4.8	2.3	150,155	91,640	58,515	3.7	4.6	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	4,530	3,255	1,280	2.4	3.4	1.3	99,015	63,800	35,220	2.4	3.2	1.7
$100,000 and over	9,475	7,285	2,195	4.9	7.6	2.3	255,125	179,415	75,715	6.3	9.0	3.6
$100,000 to $124,999	5,545	4,265	1,280	2.9	4.5	1.3	127,025	86,835	40,195	3.1	4.4	1.9
$125,000 and over	3,935	3,020	915	2.1	3.2	0.9	128,100	92,585	35,515	3.1	4.7	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	196,615	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	67,935	30,705	37,235	34.6	31.5	37.6	1,314,135	576,965	737,165	31.3	28.2	34.3
With employment income	128,680	66,880	61,795	65.4	68.5	62.4	2,886,365	1,471,335	1,415,035	68.7	71.8	65.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	19,825	9,355	10,475	15.4	14.0	16.9	397,640	182,895	214,745	13.8	12.4	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	10,065	4,415	5,650	7.8	6.6	9.1	234,130	99,970	134,165	8.1	6.8	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	15,530	6,710	8,820	12.1	10.0	14.3	339,265	147,650	191,615	11.8	10.0	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	12,725	5,515	7,220	9.9	8.2	11.7	266,065	118,485	147,580	9.2	8.1	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,035	5,160	6,875	9.4	7.7	11.1	257,235	116,285	140,950	8.9	7.9	10.0
$40,000 to $49,999	10,615	4,840	5,775	8.2	7.2	9.3	247,550	116,085	131,470	8.6	7.9	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	9,485	4,615	4,870	7.4	6.9	7.9	230,030	112,805	117,220	8.0	7.7	8.3
$60,000 to $69,999	7,965	4,705	3,265	6.2	7.0	5.3	190,470	105,215	85,260	6.6	7.2	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,495	4,090	2,405	5.1	6.1	3.9	154,990	91,615	63,375	5.4	6.2	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	5,610	3,625	1,985	4.4	5.4	3.2	128,265	77,550	50,715	4.4	5.3	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	4,515	3,000	1,520	3.5	4.5	2.5	105,855	64,420	41,430	3.7	4.4	2.9
$100,000 and over	13,805	10,865	2,940	10.7	16.2	4.8	334,875	238,370	96,505	11.6	16.2	6.8
$100,000 to $124,999	7,075	5,305	1,770	5.5	7.9	2.9	154,515	102,955	51,560	5.4	7.0	3.6
$125,000 and over	6,730	5,560	1,165	5.2	8.3	1.9	180,360	135,420	44,940	6.2	9.2	3.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	196,610	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,500	2,048,300	2,152,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	187,310	92,950	94,360	95.3	95.3	95.3	3,960,225	1,926,690	2,033,535	94.3	94.1	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,800	30,400	37,200	46,800	30,400	38,400	46,000	32,800	38,400	46,000	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	187,765	93,010	94,755	95.5	95.3	95.7	3,968,465	1,928,380	2,040,085	94.5	94.1	94.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	28,200	33,600	41,600	28,200	34,800	40,800	30,000	34,800	40,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,095	85,050	83,045	85.5	87.2	83.9	3,614,710	1,784,370	1,830,340	86.1	87.1	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	43,600	26,200	33,600	43,600	26,200	36,400	44,800	29,800	36,400	44,800	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	135,050	69,770	65,280	68.7	71.5	65.9	2,972,225	1,505,485	1,466,740	70.8	73.5	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	44,400	27,400	34,400	44,400	27,400	36,800	45,200	30,600	36,800	45,200	30,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	135,125	60,710	74,415	68.7	62.2	75.1	2,715,540	1,173,320	1,542,220	64.6	57.3	71.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,900	8,800	9,300	9,900	8,800	5,880	4,520	6,450	5,880	4,520	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	17,805	9,385	8,415	9.1	9.6	8.5	258,710	115,865	142,845	6.2	5.7	6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,680	5,520	5,640	5,680	5,520	5,480	5,120	5,800	5,480	5,120	5,800
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	187,205	92,850	94,355	95.1	95.1	95.2	3,959,300	1,926,475	2,032,835	94.3	94.0	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,160	58,050	38,440	48,160	58,050	38,440	52,300	62,250	42,880	52,300	62,250	42,880
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	187,560	92,890	94,665	95.3	95.1	95.5	3,967,440	1,928,070	2,039,370	94.5	94.1	94.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,920	48,400	33,600	40,920	48,400	33,600	43,400	50,520	36,640	43,400	50,520	36,640
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,790	84,610	83,185	85.3	86.6	83.9	3,612,845	1,783,870	1,828,980	86.0	87.1	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,720	56,250	34,960	45,720	56,250	34,960	51,080	61,850	40,560	51,080	61,850	40,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,565	69,415	65,150	68.4	71.1	65.7	2,971,405	1,506,375	1,465,035	70.7	73.5	68.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,720	54,550	34,240	44,720	54,550	34,240	49,120	58,700	39,280	49,120	58,700	39,280
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	135,055	60,525	74,525	68.6	62.0	75.2	2,711,365	1,168,975	1,542,390	64.5	57.1	71.7
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,990	10,400	9,650	9,990	10,400	9,650	8,330	8,200	8,430	8,330	8,200	8,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,085	9,475	8,610	9.2	9.7	8.7	258,380	115,595	142,790	6.2	5.6	6.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,800	7,280	7,030	6,800	7,280	7,140	6,310	7,810	7,140	6,310	7,810
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,420	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	54,230	30,715	23,515	27.6	31.4	23.7	1,288,260	729,135	559,120	30.7	35.6	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	69,500	49,200	58,800	69,500	49,200	60,400	68,000	52,800	60,400	68,000	52,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,300	76,200	53,300	66,300	76,200	53,300	72,800	82,200	60,600	72,800	82,200	60,600
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	51,845	24,595	27,255	26.3	25.2	27.5	1,128,665	516,540	612,120	26.9	25.2	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	33,600	21,800	26,000	33,600	21,800	25,200	29,400	22,600	25,200	29,400	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,160	46,960	28,360	37,160	46,960	28,360	36,280	43,320	30,320	36,280	43,320	30,320
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.4	80.2	85.0	88.4	80.2	89.0	92.0	85.0	89.0	92.0	85.0
Employment income (%)	66.8	70.2	61.5	66.8	70.2	61.5	70.4	73.8	66.0	70.4	73.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)	15.0	11.7	19.8	15.0	11.7	19.8	10.9	8.0	14.9	10.9	8.0	14.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7	0.9	0.6	1.3	0.9	0.6	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	100,330	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	28,790	...	...	...	...	...	600,705	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...	43,200	...	...	43,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	71,540	...	...	...	...	...	1,441,130	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	100,385	...	...	...	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...	108,600	...	...	108,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...	91,100	...	...	91,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	28,760	...	...	...	...	...	600,425	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...	55,600	...	...	55,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,440	...	...	42,440	...	...	46,680	...	...	46,680	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	71,625	...	...	...	...	...	1,441,410	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,700	...	...	113,700	...	...	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...	109,600	...	...	109,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,125	...	...	1.1	...	...	30,080	...	...	1.5	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	465	...	...	0.5	...	...	13,160	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	930	...	...	0.9	...	...	19,290	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,425	...	...	2.4	...	...	41,735	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,630	...	...	4.6	...	...	82,340	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,590	...	...	3.6	...	...	63,830	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,600	...	...	3.6	...	...	64,895	...	...	3.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,310	...	...	4.3	...	...	75,105	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,185	...	...	4.2	...	...	73,975	...	...	3.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,025	...	...	4.0	...	...	73,180	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,020	...	...	8.0	...	...	144,895	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,305	...	...	7.3	...	...	139,140	...	...	6.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,715	...	...	6.7	...	...	131,840	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,215	...	...	6.2	...	...	122,530	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,520	...	...	5.5	...	...	112,775	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	37,255	...	...	37.1	...	...	853,065	...	...	41.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,540	...	...	11.5	...	...	235,680	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,580	...	...	8.6	...	...	178,970	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	9,900	...	...	9.9	...	...	221,175	...	...	10.8	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,240	...	...	7.2	...	...	217,240	...	...	10.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,250	...	...	1.2	...	...	34,265	...	...	1.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	485	...	...	0.5	...	...	13,550	...	...	0.7	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	960	...	...	1.0	...	...	19,930	...	...	1.0	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,495	...	...	2.5	...	...	43,390	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,840	...	...	4.8	...	...	86,585	...	...	4.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,030	...	...	4.0	...	...	72,515	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,210	...	...	4.2	...	...	74,810	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,770	...	...	4.8	...	...	85,940	...	...	4.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,660	...	...	4.6	...	...	85,575	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,540	...	...	4.5	...	...	85,000	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,170	...	...	9.1	...	...	168,315	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,350	...	...	8.3	...	...	160,070	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,685	...	...	7.7	...	...	149,385	...	...	7.3	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,875	...	...	6.9	...	...	136,615	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,145	...	...	6.1	...	...	121,890	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	29,860	...	...	29.8	...	...	704,010	...	...	34.5	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,820	...	...	11.8	...	...	243,560	...	...	11.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,605	...	...	7.6	...	...	167,850	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,440	...	...	10.4	...	...	292,600	...	...	14.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	67,915	...	...	...	...	...	1,364,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	33,320	...	...	...	...	...	562,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	93,000	...	...	93,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	22,990	...	...	...	...	...	561,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	9,205	...	...	...	...	...	188,585	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	41,510	21,170	20,335	...	...	...	878,130	426,275	451,855	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	38,800	34,000	36,000	38,800	34,000	39,200	40,800	37,600	39,200	40,800	37,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,600	31,800	33,600	35,600	31,800	36,000	37,200	34,800	36,000	37,200	34,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	67,920	...	...	...	...	...	1,363,860	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,700	...	...	112,700	...	...	130,400	...	...	130,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,270	...	...	...	...	...	561,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...	115,100	...	...	115,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	23,085	...	...	...	...	...	563,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,800	...	...	145,800	...	...	161,800	...	...	161,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...	133,800	...	...	133,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,135	...	...	...	...	...	186,930	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	83,400	...	...	83,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	67,900	...	...	73,100	...	...	73,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	41,420	21,095	20,330	...	...	...	875,470	423,270	452,200	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,720	49,080	42,280	45,720	49,080	42,280	50,240	53,050	47,600	50,240	53,050	47,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,240	37,640	40,000	42,240	37,640	42,720	44,400	41,200	42,720	44,400	41,200
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	41,085	21,135	19,945	17.8	18.4	17.3	866,210	446,475	419,740	17.6	18.5	16.8
0 to 5 years	12,435	6,345	6,095	5.4	5.5	5.3	264,100	135,340	128,760	5.4	5.6	5.2
18 to 64 years	135,845	67,420	68,425	58.9	58.6	59.2	3,085,015	1,515,740	1,569,280	62.8	62.7	62.8
65 years and over	53,775	26,520	27,250	23.3	23.0	23.6	964,710	454,590	510,120	19.6	18.8	20.4
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	26,130	12,475	13,655	...	...	...	528,870	246,885	281,980	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,695	2,460	2,235	...	...	...	98,830	51,230	47,600	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,465	770	695	...	...	...	29,460	15,150	14,310	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	13,530	6,590	6,940	...	...	...	297,960	141,460	156,505	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,900	3,420	4,475	...	...	...	132,075	54,200	77,875	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.8	11.8	11.3	10.8	11.8	10.8	10.2	11.3	10.8	10.2	11.3
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.6	11.2	11.4	11.6	11.2	11.4	11.5	11.3	11.4	11.5	11.3
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	12.1	11.5	11.8	12.1	11.5	11.2	11.2	11.1	11.2	11.2	11.1
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.1	10.0	9.8	10.1	9.7	9.3	10.0	9.7	9.3	10.0
65 years and over (%)	14.7	12.9	16.4	14.7	12.9	16.4	13.7	11.9	15.3	13.7	11.9	15.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	218,960	109,130	109,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,825,465	2,371,915	2,453,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	38,915	20,030	18,880	17.8	18.4	17.2	848,955	437,500	411,455	17.6	18.4	16.8
0 to 5 years	11,860	6,035	5,825	5.4	5.5	5.3	259,060	132,740	126,320	5.4	5.6	5.1
18 to 64 years	128,785	63,830	64,955	58.8	58.5	59.1	3,033,655	1,490,215	1,543,435	62.9	62.8	62.9
65 years and over	51,265	25,275	25,990	23.4	23.2	23.7	942,860	444,195	498,660	19.5	18.7	20.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,345	3,850	3,495	...	...	...	279,035	139,265	139,770	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,155	610	545	...	...	...	44,480	23,070	21,410	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	320	170	155	...	...	...	11,690	6,045	5,640	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,545	2,955	2,590	...	...	...	201,000	101,455	99,545	...	...	...
65 years and over	640	280	360	...	...	...	33,555	14,740	18,815	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.2	5.8	5.9	5.7	5.8	5.9	5.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9	5.2	5.3	5.2	5.2	5.3	5.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.6	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.6	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.0	6.6	6.8	6.5	6.6	6.8	6.5
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.4	3.6	3.3	3.8	3.6	3.3	3.8
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,800	2,499,140	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	118,960	57,855	61,105	51.6	50.3	52.8	2,300,730	1,101,130	1,199,605	46.8	45.6	48.0
In bottom decile	24,610	12,060	12,550	10.7	10.5	10.9	516,435	247,990	268,445	10.5	10.3	10.7
In second decile	24,555	11,520	13,030	10.6	10.0	11.3	444,845	206,090	238,750	9.0	8.5	9.6
In third decile	24,030	11,650	12,380	10.4	10.1	10.7	436,965	208,575	228,385	8.9	8.6	9.1
In fourth decile	22,910	11,235	11,675	9.9	9.8	10.1	442,745	214,155	228,590	9.0	8.9	9.1
In fifth decile	22,860	11,390	11,470	9.9	9.9	9.9	459,740	224,315	235,420	9.4	9.3	9.4
In top half of the distribution	111,745	57,225	54,515	48.4	49.7	47.2	2,615,210	1,315,675	1,299,535	53.2	54.4	52.0
In sixth decile	22,850	11,485	11,360	9.9	10.0	9.8	475,780	234,975	240,805	9.7	9.7	9.6
In seventh decile	23,240	11,780	11,465	10.1	10.2	9.9	494,480	246,315	248,165	10.1	10.2	9.9
In eighth decile	23,030	11,730	11,300	10.0	10.2	9.8	518,565	260,640	257,925	10.5	10.8	10.3
In ninth decile	23,595	12,280	11,320	10.2	10.7	9.8	550,860	278,965	271,890	11.2	11.5	10.9
In top decile	19,020	9,950	9,070	8.2	8.6	7.8	575,535	294,785	280,750	11.7	12.2	11.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	230,705	...	...	230,705	...	...	4,915,940	...	...	4,915,940	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...	0.346	...	...	0.346	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.440	...	...	0.440	...	...	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...	0.306	...	...	0.306	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	221,295	111,010	110,285	94.6	95.1	94.1	4,461,290	2,220,225	2,241,070	90.1	91.2	89.0
French only	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,785	810	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	11,850	5,375	6,470	5.1	4.6	5.5	326,865	146,310	180,565	6.6	6.0	7.2
Neither English nor French	740	315	425	0.3	0.3	0.4	161,720	67,240	94,475	3.3	2.8	3.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	230,655	115,075	115,580	98.6	98.6	98.6	4,718,195	2,332,370	2,385,825	95.3	95.8	94.8
French	2,345	1,235	1,110	1.0	1.1	0.9	56,495	28,130	28,370	1.1	1.2	1.1
English and French	250	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,145	8,260	9,885	0.4	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	675	280	395	0.3	0.2	0.3	158,820	65,825	92,995	3.2	2.7	3.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	230,325	114,995	115,335	98.5	98.5	98.4	4,761,600	2,343,570	2,418,030	96.2	96.3	96.1
Official languages	212,150	106,240	105,910	90.7	91.0	90.4	3,382,455	1,699,060	1,683,395	68.3	69.8	66.9
English	209,500	104,845	104,650	89.6	89.8	89.3	3,325,035	1,670,420	1,654,615	67.1	68.6	65.7
French	2,655	1,395	1,260	1.1	1.2	1.1	57,420	28,645	28,780	1.2	1.2	1.1
Non-official languages	18,175	8,755	9,420	7.8	7.5	8.0	1,379,145	644,515	734,630	27.9	26.5	29.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,100	530	565	0.5	0.5	0.5	5,490	2,600	2,890	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	75	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	390	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	310	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	305	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	150	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	55	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	455	210	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,560	710	850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	455	210	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,545	705	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	420	190	230	0.2	0.2	0.2	460	210	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	525	260	270	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,080	510	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	180	95	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	225	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	265	120	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	505	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	295	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	380	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	180	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,080	8,225	8,860	7.3	7.0	7.6	1,373,655	641,910	731,745	27.7	26.4	29.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	140	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	33,195	17,710	15,485	0.7	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	70	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,005	1,025	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	805	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	135	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	31,020	16,575	14,450	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,620	790	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	210	120	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,970	12,330	10,640	0.5	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	770	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	295	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	405	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,260	1,275	980	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,310	1,150	0.0	0.1	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	125	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	34,145	15,270	18,875	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	670	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	250	115	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	32,560	14,580	17,985	0.7	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,075	380	700	0.5	0.3	0.6	104,100	42,685	61,415	2.1	1.8	2.4
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	180	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	550	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,585	1,405	2,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,895	755	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,325	2,650	3,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,080	1,730	2,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	85	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	45	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	165	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	875	305	570	0.4	0.3	0.5	82,835	33,800	49,045	1.7	1.4	1.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	425	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	465	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	170	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	140	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,260	7,225	6,035	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	290	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.0	4,740	2,590	2,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,055	2,645	2,405	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,810	1,650	1,160	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,500	6,195	6,305	5.3	5.3	5.4	657,345	321,395	335,955	13.3	13.2	13.3
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	850	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,350	650	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,720	785	935	0.7	0.7	0.8	81,655	37,525	44,135	1.6	1.5	1.8
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	475	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	250	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	220	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,700	780	920	0.7	0.7	0.8	80,590	37,050	43,540	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,025	960	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,855	2,770	3,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	375	185	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	15,810	7,190	8,625	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	390	160	230	0.2	0.1	0.2	28,660	12,825	15,835	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	245	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,425	8,055	8,365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	805	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,805	3,255	3,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,665	3,855	3,815	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	145	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,275	1,475	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	430	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	355	155	200	0.2	0.1	0.2	7,120	3,120	4,000	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	225	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,770	2,300	2,470	2.0	2.0	2.1	84,375	39,695	44,675	1.7	1.6	1.8
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,325	1,615	1,710	1.4	1.4	1.5	53,255	24,820	28,435	1.1	1.0	1.1
German	3,020	1,455	1,565	1.3	1.2	1.3	50,695	23,575	27,125	1.0	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	305	160	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,330	1,130	1,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,100	535	565	0.5	0.5	0.5	23,295	11,250	12,040	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,700	1,830	1,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	820	395	430	0.4	0.3	0.4	17,345	8,325	9,020	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	100	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,580	775	810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	325	140	185	0.1	0.1	0.2	7,530	3,465	4,060	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,625	1,700	1,925	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	720	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,175	940	1,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	65	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	5,545	2,925	2,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,585	1,955	1,630	1.5	1.7	1.4	368,635	184,325	184,310	7.4	7.6	7.3
Indo-Aryan languages	3,435	1,875	1,560	1.5	1.6	1.3	306,465	153,205	153,260	6.2	6.3	6.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	195	140	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,765	2,640	2,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,250	4,130	4,120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hindi	440	280	165	0.2	0.2	0.1	32,390	16,270	16,120	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,195	510	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	840	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,725	900	825	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,455	1,265	1,190	1.0	1.1	1.0	240,865	119,945	120,915	4.9	4.9	4.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	155	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,935	960	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,210	6,195	6,015	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	325	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	62,135	31,100	31,030	1.3	1.3	1.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,775	1,510	1,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	760	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,700	28,670	29,030	1.2	1.2	1.2
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,005	2,965	3,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	46,395	23,045	23,355	0.9	0.9	0.9
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,295	2,665	2,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,285	1,070	1,215	1.0	0.9	1.0	113,685	55,180	58,505	2.3	2.3	2.3
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	115	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,055	525	535	0.5	0.4	0.5	19,805	10,000	9,800	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	355	160	200	0.2	0.1	0.2	24,320	11,490	12,840	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,775	4,250	4,525	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	730	315	415	0.3	0.3	0.4	60,465	29,260	31,205	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	315	100	215	0.1	0.1	0.2	22,030	7,135	14,895	0.4	0.3	0.6
Korean	515	255	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	59,935	26,815	33,125	1.2	1.1	1.3
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	185	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,910	2,455	2,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	300	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	150	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	170	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	520	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	305	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	735	360	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	215	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	120	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	560	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	500	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,175	555	625	0.5	0.5	0.5	419,855	189,740	230,115	8.5	7.8	9.1
Chinese languages	1,160	540	615	0.5	0.5	0.5	417,290	188,495	228,795	8.4	7.7	9.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,080	895	1,185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	650	285	370	0.3	0.2	0.3	205,205	91,455	113,750	4.1	3.8	4.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,780	5,240	6,540	0.2	0.2	0.3
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,200	1,405	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	435	225	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	192,140	88,195	103,945	3.9	3.6	4.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,560	1,155	1,405	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,205	1,280	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	485	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	305	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	215	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,395	1,380	3,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	525	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,170	800	2,365	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,055	3,325	2,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	345	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,765	2,685	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	450	205	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,275	5,160	6,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	235	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,005	1,240	1,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,700	3,685	4,015	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,600	1,730	1,870	1.5	1.5	1.6	190,055	91,010	99,040	3.8	3.7	3.9
English and French	730	350	380	0.3	0.3	0.3	17,320	8,415	8,905	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	2,565	1,240	1,325	1.1	1.1	1.1	150,730	72,755	77,980	3.0	3.0	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,395	1,135	1,260	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,335	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	225	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	16,645	7,375	9,270	0.3	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	215,955	108,025	107,930	92.3	92.6	92.1	3,491,395	1,745,260	1,746,140	70.5	71.7	69.4
French	350	190	160	0.1	0.2	0.1	11,050	5,420	5,625	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	3,345	1,675	1,675	1.4	1.4	1.4	464,235	216,230	248,005	9.4	8.9	9.9
Indigenous³⁹	210	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	645	320	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	3,135	1,565	1,570	1.3	1.3	1.3	463,590	215,910	247,685	9.4	8.9	9.8
English and French	1,595	740	850	0.7	0.6	0.7	42,645	19,975	22,670	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	12,070	5,785	6,285	5.2	5.0	5.4	880,090	419,520	460,570	17.8	17.2	18.3
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,065	480	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	365	175	185	0.2	0.1	0.2	21,610	9,790	11,820	0.4	0.4	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	240	130	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	39,565	17,910	21,660	0.8	0.7	0.9
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	231,590	115,600	115,990	99.0	99.0	99.0	4,753,615	2,340,025	2,413,590	96.0	96.1	95.9
Official languages	224,660	112,130	112,530	96.0	96.1	96.0	3,906,070	1,939,330	1,966,740	78.9	79.7	78.1
English	224,095	111,825	112,270	95.8	95.8	95.8	3,888,825	1,930,925	1,957,900	78.5	79.3	77.8
French	565	300	260	0.2	0.3	0.2	17,245	8,400	8,845	0.3	0.3	0.4
Non-official languages	6,930	3,470	3,460	3.0	3.0	3.0	847,550	400,695	446,850	17.1	16.5	17.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	320	165	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,215	595	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	465	235	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	460	230	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	250	120	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	115	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,605	3,305	3,305	2.8	2.8	2.8	846,335	400,100	446,235	17.1	16.4	17.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,805	10,000	9,805	0.4	0.4	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	570	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	930	455	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,605	9,405	9,195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	345	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,845	6,995	6,850	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	545	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	290	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,030	535	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,810	975	840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	21,705	9,915	11,790	0.4	0.4	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	360	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	20,890	9,535	11,350	0.4	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	465	215	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	54,720	24,615	30,105	1.1	1.0	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	260	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,735	780	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	390	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,280	1,480	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	675	700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	195	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	185	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	45,380	20,305	25,080	0.9	0.8	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	175	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	430	200	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	8,005	4,180	3,825	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,890	1,545	1,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,185	1,585	1,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	895	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,335	2,175	2,160	1.9	1.9	1.8	364,340	179,590	184,745	7.4	7.4	7.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	690	345	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	315	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	400	180	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	33,875	16,185	17,690	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	395	180	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	33,650	16,070	17,580	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	430	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	875	890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	120	45	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	5,250	2,470	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	120	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	16,090	7,655	8,435	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,745	3,270	3,480	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	885	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,010	1,990	2,015	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,630	755	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	955	435	520	0.4	0.4	0.4	12,280	5,870	6,410	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	705	315	385	0.3	0.3	0.3	7,805	3,690	4,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	595	265	335	0.3	0.2	0.3	7,320	3,455	3,865	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	230	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,785	1,850	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	120	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,725	850	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	720	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	215	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	320	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	105	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	145	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,915	900	1,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,315	1,255	1,055	1.0	1.1	0.9	263,030	130,695	132,330	5.3	5.4	5.3
Indo-Aryan languages	2,255	1,225	1,030	1.0	1.0	0.9	220,735	110,140	110,605	4.5	4.5	4.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	70	35	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,720	1,410	1,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,160	2,050	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	265	180	85	0.1	0.2	0.1	17,670	8,855	8,815	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	185	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	400	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	570	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,715	880	835	0.7	0.8	0.7	184,065	91,825	92,240	3.7	3.8	3.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	940	445	495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,235	4,095	4,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	145	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,285	20,560	21,725	0.9	0.8	0.9
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	900	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	490	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,475	19,095	20,375	0.8	0.8	0.8
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,785	1,900	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,375	15,665	16,710	0.7	0.6	0.7
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,405	1,640	1,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	640	290	345	0.3	0.2	0.3	51,830	25,240	26,590	1.0	1.0	1.1
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	225	90	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,475	1,930	2,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,670	6,055	6,615	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,620	1,740	1,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	280	135	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	30,960	15,455	15,500	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,220	4,190	6,035	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	45,525	20,925	24,600	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,485	705	780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	175	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	75	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,720	970	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	790	605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	180	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	680	335	345	0.3	0.3	0.3	310,860	141,235	169,630	6.3	5.8	6.7
Chinese languages	675	335	345	0.3	0.3	0.3	309,165	140,385	168,780	6.2	5.8	6.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	270	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	395	190	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	162,130	73,835	88,295	3.3	3.0	3.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,285	2,850	3,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	930	1,080	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	130	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	136,525	61,785	74,745	2.8	2.5	3.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	650	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	830	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	325	345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	270	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	240	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	130	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,570	655	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	235	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	390	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,030	1,540	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	140	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,500	1,290	1,205	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,375	1,100	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	210	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,815	855	955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,340	1,125	1,215	1.0	1.0	1.0	198,040	94,560	103,480	4.0	3.9	4.1
English and French	240	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,210	3,415	3,800	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,045	990	1,060	0.9	0.8	0.9	183,010	87,560	95,445	3.7	3.6	3.8
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	245	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,525	735	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,760	2,605	3,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,951,660	2,434,585	2,517,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	221,615	110,825	110,790	94.7	94.9	94.5	4,130,200	2,045,235	2,084,970	83.4	84.0	82.8
English	3,140	1,560	1,585	1.3	1.3	1.4	304,845	147,605	157,245	6.2	6.1	6.2
French	1,230	555	675	0.5	0.5	0.6	34,575	15,995	18,575	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	6,625	3,125	3,500	2.8	2.7	3.0	379,250	176,935	202,310	7.7	7.3	8.0
Indigenous³⁹	820	385	430	0.4	0.3	0.4	5,140	2,360	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	5,800	2,730	3,070	2.5	2.3	2.6	374,105	174,580	199,525	7.6	7.2	7.9
English and French	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,740	1,245	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	405	210	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	46,940	22,760	24,175	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,880	5,335	6,550	0.2	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	300	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	645	310	335	0.3	0.3	0.3	40,580	19,180	21,395	0.8	0.8	0.8
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	230,150	114,870	115,280	99.7	99.7	99.7	4,754,865	2,350,105	2,404,760	96.7	97.2	96.2
English	230,120	114,860	115,255	99.7	99.7	99.7	4,753,275	2,349,445	2,403,835	96.7	97.2	96.2
French	11,795	5,185	6,610	5.1	4.5	5.7	327,350	145,985	181,370	6.7	6.0	7.3
Non-official languages	27,075	13,190	13,890	11.7	11.4	12.0	1,780,325	838,795	941,525	36.2	34.7	37.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,745	1,340	1,400	1.2	1.2	1.2	16,560	7,740	8,820	0.3	0.3	0.4
Algonquian languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,985	885	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,450	675	775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	125	50	70	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,425	660	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	435	195	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	360	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	175	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	160	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	755	355	400	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,540	1,580	1,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	750	350	400	0.3	0.3	0.3	3,490	1,570	1,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	675	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	125	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	125	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	705	330	375	0.3	0.3	0.3	855	395	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	80	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	100	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	1,705	840	865	0.7	0.7	0.7	5,145	2,450	2,695	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	665	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	220	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	590	285	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	420	245	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	465	270	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	950	440	515	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,060	475	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	130	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	690	315	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	60	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,610	1,310	1,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,120	545	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	585	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	205	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	965	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	145	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	160	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	790	335	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	300	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	140	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,385	11,880	12,505	10.6	10.3	10.8	1,764,475	831,400	933,075	35.9	34.4	37.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	460	265	195	0.2	0.2	0.2	50,895	27,105	23,785	1.0	1.1	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	140	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	90	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	155	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	135	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,745	1,470	1,275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	280	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,180	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	445	265	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	48,405	25,830	22,570	1.0	1.1	0.9
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,100	1,605	1,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	405	235	170	0.2	0.2	0.1	35,595	19,250	16,355	0.7	0.8	0.7
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,270	1,165	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	495	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	510	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	190	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,995	3,570	3,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,435	1,890	1,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	44,030	19,965	24,070	0.9	0.8	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,210	1,020	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	205	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	41,975	19,020	22,950	0.9	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,525	580	940	0.7	0.5	0.8	148,455	61,285	87,165	3.0	2.5	3.5
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	810	370	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	655	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	135	55	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	5,995	2,485	3,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,020	500	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,135	1,215	1,920	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,285	4,555	6,725	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indonesian	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,810	3,175	3,640	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	115	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	70	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,485	1,665	1,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	675	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	375	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,365	500	870	0.6	0.4	0.8	133,780	54,495	79,285	2.7	2.3	3.2
Waray-Waray	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	360	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,590	1,580	2,005	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,230	1,610	1,615	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	225	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	265	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	520	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	450	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	280	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	400	230	170	0.2	0.2	0.1	20,585	11,060	9,530	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	885	735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	240	135	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,765	3,705	3,060	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	135	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.0	9,740	5,125	4,610	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,860	2,760	2,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	140	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,090	8,895	9,200	7.8	7.7	8.0	906,560	443,600	462,960	18.4	18.4	18.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,195	1,045	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,600	765	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,965	840	1,115	0.9	0.7	1.0	101,395	47,765	53,630	2.1	2.0	2.1
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,480	695	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	730	330	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	365	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,945	840	1,105	0.8	0.7	1.0	100,340	47,265	53,075	2.0	2.0	2.1
Belarusian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	140	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,475	1,190	1,285	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	250	110	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,935	3,815	4,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	260	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	380	195	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	19,640	9,130	10,510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian	670	270	400	0.3	0.2	0.3	42,390	19,800	22,590	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	335	150	180	0.1	0.1	0.2	21,625	10,790	10,835	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,150	1,540	1,605	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	250	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,060	5,345	5,715	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,070	5,640	5,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	255	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	25	75	0.0	0.0	0.1	4,315	1,945	2,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,280	585	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	375	170	205	0.2	0.1	0.2	12,205	5,430	6,775	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,675	1,430	1,245	0.1	0.1	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	920	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	130	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	290	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	100	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	6,490	3,030	3,460	2.8	2.6	3.0	128,605	60,765	67,835	2.6	2.5	2.7
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	210	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,690	2,195	2,495	2.0	1.9	2.2	86,275	41,190	45,085	1.8	1.7	1.8
German	4,535	2,115	2,425	2.0	1.8	2.1	84,325	40,275	44,050	1.7	1.7	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	320	155	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,030	1,415	1,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	225	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,560	755	805	0.7	0.7	0.7	34,480	16,520	17,965	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	450	235	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	9,755	5,050	4,705	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	995	465	535	0.4	0.4	0.5	22,380	10,375	12,005	0.5	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	175	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	1,055	1,130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	470	185	285	0.2	0.2	0.2	12,425	5,520	6,910	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	200	75	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,950	2,235	2,720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	130	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,125	1,420	1,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	170	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,730	2,125	2,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	135	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	70	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	9,005	4,630	4,375	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	4,795	2,670	2,125	2.1	2.3	1.8	477,485	240,310	237,175	9.7	9.9	9.5
Indo-Aryan languages	4,610	2,550	2,060	2.0	2.2	1.8	406,375	204,750	201,625	8.3	8.5	8.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	210	125	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,565	3,480	3,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,340	7,060	7,280	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	1,890	1,015	875	0.8	0.9	0.8	134,950	67,645	67,300	2.7	2.8	2.7
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,925	1,295	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	95	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	400	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,555	1,910	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,445	1,270	1,180	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,280	1,795	1,485	1.4	1.6	1.3	315,000	158,625	156,375	6.4	6.6	6.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	350	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,440	1,630	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	390	235	155	0.2	0.2	0.1	25,780	13,590	12,190	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	855	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	140	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	73,745	37,010	36,730	1.5	1.5	1.5
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	85	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,875	2,110	1,760	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	115	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,645	1,545	1,105	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	175	110	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	68,960	34,500	34,460	1.4	1.4	1.4
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,235	4,005	4,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	150	90	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	55,745	27,930	27,815	1.1	1.2	1.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,780	2,995	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	135	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	135	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,285	2,495	2,790	2.3	2.2	2.4	211,725	100,750	110,975	4.3	4.2	4.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	270	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,495	745	755	0.6	0.6	0.7	36,370	17,200	19,170	0.7	0.7	0.8
Portuguese	505	235	265	0.2	0.2	0.2	33,005	16,050	16,955	0.7	0.7	0.7
Romanian	215	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,210	5,470	5,745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	3,275	1,495	1,780	1.4	1.3	1.5	143,900	68,245	75,660	2.9	2.8	3.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	380	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	795	345	450	0.3	0.3	0.4	41,835	17,590	24,240	0.9	0.7	1.0
Korean	560	305	260	0.2	0.3	0.2	69,935	31,335	38,600	1.4	1.3	1.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	250	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	430	230	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	13,290	6,795	6,495	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,365	695	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	85	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	125	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	205	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	35	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	485	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	280	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	260	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	130	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	345	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,205	2,735	2,475	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	95	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.0	1,815	935	880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,275	1,215	1,060	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	315	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	235	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	360	165	200	0.2	0.1	0.2	7,965	3,150	4,815	0.2	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	305	130	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,020	2,700	4,320	0.1	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,105	515	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,380	735	645	0.6	0.6	0.6	491,660	225,430	266,230	10.0	9.3	10.7
Chinese languages	1,355	720	640	0.6	0.6	0.6	488,465	223,825	264,650	9.9	9.3	10.6
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,615	1,645	1,970	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mandarin	920	465	455	0.4	0.4	0.4	312,625	140,985	171,640	6.4	5.8	6.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,065	10,615	13,450	0.5	0.4	0.5
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,760	2,020	2,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	530	310	225	0.2	0.3	0.2	246,045	112,580	133,465	5.0	4.7	5.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,025	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	135	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,375	1,710	1,665	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,730	870	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	130	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	375	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	340	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	320	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	150	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	40	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	6,725	2,635	4,085	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,635	735	900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	5,310	1,960	3,350	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	85	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,910	5,605	5,305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,665	880	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	70	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,230	4,805	4,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	135	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	125	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	550	245	305	0.2	0.2	0.3	13,510	6,345	7,165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	310	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	255	100	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,635	1,675	1,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	275	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,230	4,395	4,840	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	32,695	16,025	16,670	14.2	13.9	14.4	290,210	141,210	148,995	5.9	5.8	6.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	31,495	15,475	16,020	13.6	13.4	13.9	279,670	136,400	143,265	5.7	5.6	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	21,795	10,820	10,980	9.4	9.4	9.5	180,085	87,860	92,225	3.7	3.6	3.7
Métis	9,605	4,605	5,005	4.2	4.0	4.3	97,860	47,745	50,120	2.0	2.0	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,720	795	925	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	705	340	360	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,980	2,730	3,245	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	500	210	290	0.2	0.2	0.3	4,560	2,075	2,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	198,155	99,175	98,980	85.8	86.1	85.6	4,625,735	2,275,675	2,350,060	94.1	94.2	94.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	18,010	8,815	9,195	7.8	7.7	8.0	136,875	66,610	70,265	2.8	2.8	2.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	212,840	106,385	106,455	92.2	92.3	92.0	4,779,065	2,350,275	2,428,790	97.2	97.2	97.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	75,820	...	...	75.5	...	...	1,363,190	...	...	66.8	...	...
Renter	23,115	...	...	23.0	...	...	669,450	...	...	32.8	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,445	...	...	1.4	...	...	9,190	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,665	...	...	10.6	...	...	482,755	...	...	23.6	...	...
Not condominium	89,720	...	...	89.4	...	...	1,559,075	...	...	76.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	735	...	...	0.7	...	...	30,855	...	...	1.5	...	...
1 bedroom	10,025	...	...	10.0	...	...	354,020	...	...	17.3	...	...
2 bedrooms	25,670	...	...	25.6	...	...	569,180	...	...	27.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	32,570	...	...	32.4	...	...	539,910	...	...	26.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	31,380	...	...	31.3	...	...	547,870	...	...	26.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	24,355	...	...	24.3	...	...	766,380	...	...	37.5	...	...
5 rooms	15,700	...	...	15.6	...	...	300,895	...	...	14.7	...	...
6 rooms	14,750	...	...	14.7	...	...	248,045	...	...	12.1	...	...
7 rooms	12,515	...	...	12.5	...	...	205,105	...	...	10.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	33,065	...	...	32.9	...	...	521,410	...	...	25.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	99,300	...	...	98.9	...	...	1,984,655	...	...	97.2	...	...
More than one person per room	1,085	...	...	1.1	...	...	57,180	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	97,225	...	...	96.9	...	...	1,919,140	...	...	94.0	...	...
Not suitable	3,155	...	...	3.1	...	...	122,700	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,430	...	...	10.4	...	...	256,175	...	...	12.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	37,380	...	...	37.2	...	...	550,690	...	...	27.0	...	...
1981 to 1990	12,235	...	...	12.2	...	...	289,940	...	...	14.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	17,035	...	...	17.0	...	...	336,315	...	...	16.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,710	...	...	4.7	...	...	122,855	...	...	6.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,285	...	...	7.3	...	...	164,165	...	...	8.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,790	...	...	4.8	...	...	135,725	...	...	6.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,525	...	...	6.5	...	...	185,965	...	...	9.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	93,125	...	...	92.8	...	...	1,922,640	...	...	94.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,260	...	...	7.2	...	...	119,195	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	49,970	...	...	49.8	...	...	1,003,245	...	...	49.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	45,465	...	...	45.3	...	...	904,960	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,950	...	...	4.9	...	...	133,630	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,835	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,540	...	...	2.5	...	...	57,980	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	11,655	...	...	11.6	...	...	282,195	...	...	13.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	14,510	...	...	14.5	...	...	343,380	...	...	16.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,430	...	...	15.4	...	...	354,340	...	...	17.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	21,955	...	...	21.9	...	...	407,735	...	...	20.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	20,555	...	...	20.5	...	...	347,335	...	...	17.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,650	...	...	10.6	...	...	182,155	...	...	8.9	...	...
85 years and over	3,090	...	...	3.1	...	...	66,710	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	94,195	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,988,210	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	78,090	...	...	82.9	...	...	1,481,365	...	...	74.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,100	...	...	17.1	...	...	506,850	...	...	25.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,495	...	...	15.4	...	...	434,390	...	...	21.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	2,041,830	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	24,440	...	...	24.3	...	...	683,985	...	...	33.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,495	...	...	14.4	...	...	451,550	...	...	22.1	...	...
Not suitable only	2,350	...	...	2.3	...	...	89,300	...	...	4.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,565	...	...	5.5	...	...	80,200	...	...	3.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	335	...	...	0.3	...	...	23,945	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,225	...	...	1.2	...	...	29,585	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	425	...	...	0.4	...	...	7,640	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.0	...	...	1,770	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	75,940	...	...	75.6	...	...	1,357,845	...	...	66.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	92,585	...	...	100.0	...	...	1,915,755	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,675	...	...	9.4	...	...	257,090	...	...	13.4	...	...
Not in core need	83,910	...	...	90.6	...	...	1,658,665	...	...	86.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	71,830	...	...	...	...	...	1,330,795	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.9	...	...	53.9	...	...	57.5	...	...	57.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...	19.3	...	...	19.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,189	...	...	1,189	...	...	1,668	...	...	1,668	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...	785,000	...	...	785,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	514,000	...	...	514,000	...	...	983,000	...	...	983,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,560	...	...	...	...	...	663,870	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.8	...	...	33.8	...	...	37.8	...	...	37.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.2	...	...	21.2	...	...	24.7	...	...	24.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,370	...	...	1,370	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,152	...	...	1,152	...	...	1,494	...	...	1,494	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,445	...	...	...	...	...	9,190	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...	11.4	...	...	11.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...	368	...	...	368	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	409	...	...	409	...	...	446	...	...	446	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15,350	7,660	7,690	6.6	6.6	6.6	120,245	59,370	60,880	2.4	2.5	2.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15,140	7,570	7,575	6.6	6.6	6.5	118,210	58,475	59,730	2.4	2.4	2.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	13,250	6,565	6,685	5.7	5.7	5.8	100,805	49,745	51,060	2.1	2.1	2.0
Métis single ancestry	1,860	985	880	0.8	0.9	0.8	16,830	8,485	8,350	0.3	0.4	0.3
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	570	245	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,040	890	1,145	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,870	830	1,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	19,015	9,100	9,915	8.2	7.9	8.6	191,640	92,300	99,335	3.9	3.8	4.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	18,300	8,765	9,535	7.9	7.6	8.2	184,975	89,155	95,825	3.8	3.7	3.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	12,505	6,100	6,405	5.4	5.3	5.5	123,735	59,635	64,100	2.5	2.5	2.6
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,705	2,605	3,100	2.5	2.3	2.7	59,905	28,840	31,070	1.2	1.2	1.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	680	655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	710	335	380	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,665	3,145	3,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	675	310	365	0.3	0.3	0.3	6,390	3,035	3,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	60	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	196,490	98,440	98,050	85.1	85.5	84.8	4,604,055	2,265,220	2,338,840	93.7	93.7	93.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	221,100	110,315	110,785	95.8	95.8	95.8	4,359,045	2,149,325	2,209,725	88.7	88.9	88.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	40,350	20,725	19,620	17.5	18.0	17.0	812,305	418,815	393,495	16.5	17.3	15.7
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	180,750	89,585	91,165	78.3	77.8	78.8	3,546,745	1,730,505	1,816,235	72.1	71.6	72.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,755	4,885	4,865	4.2	4.2	4.2	556,895	267,560	289,330	11.3	11.1	11.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	205,325	102,635	102,685	88.9	89.1	88.8	3,319,230	1,663,815	1,655,410	67.5	68.8	66.2
Immigrants⁸¹	21,890	10,545	11,345	9.5	9.2	9.8	1,425,710	665,630	760,085	29.0	27.5	30.4
Before 1980	9,385	4,660	4,730	4.1	4.0	4.1	280,160	133,415	146,745	5.7	5.5	5.9
1980 to 1990	2,405	1,150	1,250	1.0	1.0	1.1	164,445	76,815	87,630	3.3	3.2	3.5
1991 to 2000	2,520	1,120	1,395	1.1	1.0	1.2	299,115	137,275	161,840	6.1	5.7	6.5
2001 to 2010	2,990	1,405	1,585	1.3	1.2	1.4	316,915	145,825	171,090	6.4	6.0	6.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,590	2,205	2,385	2.0	1.9	2.1	365,075	172,295	192,780	7.4	7.1	7.7
2011 to 2015	1,835	880	960	0.8	0.8	0.8	167,650	78,200	89,450	3.4	3.2	3.6
2016 to 2021	2,755	1,330	1,425	1.2	1.2	1.2	197,425	94,095	103,325	4.0	3.9	4.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,645	2,025	1,620	1.6	1.8	1.4	171,000	87,440	83,560	3.5	3.6	3.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	21,890	10,540	11,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,870	1,505	1,360	13.1	14.3	12.0	117,555	59,560	57,995	8.2	8.9	7.6
5 to 14 years	4,195	2,220	1,975	19.2	21.1	17.4	226,910	116,660	110,250	15.9	17.5	14.5
15 to 24 years	4,675	2,170	2,510	21.4	20.6	22.1	275,435	124,860	150,575	19.3	18.8	19.8
25 to 44 years	8,500	3,920	4,580	38.8	37.2	40.4	639,200	288,950	350,255	44.8	43.4	46.1
45 years and over	1,645	725	925	7.5	6.9	8.2	166,605	75,600	91,010	11.7	11.4	12.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	21,890	10,540	11,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,425,715	665,630	760,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,605	1,585	2,020	16.5	15.0	17.8	126,075	58,445	67,635	8.8	8.8	8.9
Brazil	85	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5	8,765	4,120	4,645	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,450	2,440	3,010	0.4	0.4	0.4
El Salvador	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3	5,770	2,990	2,780	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,400	585	815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	490	285	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	70	45	20	0.3	0.4	0.2	4,295	2,190	2,105	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexico	190	85	105	0.9	0.8	0.9	13,385	5,910	7,480	0.9	0.9	1.0
Peru	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,510	1,535	1,975	0.2	0.2	0.3
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,725	1,255	1,470	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	2,725	1,180	1,545	12.4	11.2	13.6	59,920	27,535	32,380	4.2	4.1	4.3
Other places of birth in Americas	340	150	185	1.6	1.4	1.6	20,355	9,600	10,760	1.4	1.4	1.4
Europe	11,025	5,470	5,555	50.4	51.9	49.0	307,495	151,050	156,445	21.6	22.7	20.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4	4,510	2,205	2,305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Croatia	145	70	70	0.7	0.7	0.6	5,390	2,670	2,725	0.4	0.4	0.4
France	155	90	60	0.7	0.9	0.5	7,025	3,650	3,380	0.5	0.5	0.4
Germany	1,890	955	930	8.6	9.1	8.2	30,910	14,710	16,200	2.2	2.2	2.1
Greece	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1	3,350	1,895	1,460	0.2	0.3	0.2
Hungary	145	80	70	0.7	0.8	0.6	5,115	2,395	2,720	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	735	370	360	3.4	3.5	3.2	13,410	6,920	6,490	0.9	1.0	0.9
Netherlands	830	430	400	3.8	4.1	3.5	16,070	7,985	8,085	1.1	1.2	1.1
Poland	320	185	135	1.5	1.8	1.2	14,305	6,610	7,700	1.0	1.0	1.0
Portugal	190	95	95	0.9	0.9	0.8	7,785	3,765	4,020	0.5	0.6	0.5
Romania	150	80	70	0.7	0.8	0.6	9,370	4,490	4,885	0.7	0.7	0.6
Russian Federation	160	50	115	0.7	0.5	1.0	12,170	5,240	6,930	0.9	0.8	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3	4,565	2,275	2,285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	115	60	55	0.5	0.6	0.5	9,450	4,390	5,060	0.7	0.7	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,255	2,095	2,160	19.4	19.9	19.0	116,525	58,485	58,045	8.2	8.8	7.6
Other places of birth in Europe	1,785	840	950	8.2	8.0	8.4	47,545	23,380	24,170	3.3	3.5	3.2
Africa	980	555	425	4.5	5.3	3.7	53,330	27,245	26,085	3.7	4.1	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	325	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	540	465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,310	1,900	1,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,440	1,050	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,590	1,305	1,285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1	1,270	610	655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	125	80	50	0.6	0.8	0.4	3,585	1,880	1,700	0.3	0.3	0.2
Somalia	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,240	625	620	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	490	270	215	2.2	2.6	1.9	15,380	7,710	7,670	1.1	1.2	1.0
Other places of birth in Africa	305	170	135	1.4	1.6	1.2	21,955	10,905	11,050	1.5	1.6	1.5
Asia	5,555	2,550	3,000	25.4	24.2	26.4	905,585	412,460	493,125	63.5	62.0	64.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,245	3,065	3,185	0.4	0.5	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	90	55	35	0.4	0.5	0.3	45,970	23,175	22,795	3.2	3.5	3.0
Iraq	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2	7,000	3,750	3,245	0.5	0.6	0.4
Lebanon	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	2,455	1,390	1,065	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	70	50	20	0.3	0.5	0.2	6,545	3,420	3,130	0.5	0.5	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,095	1,690	1,410	0.2	0.3	0.2
China⁹⁰	505	255	250	2.3	2.4	2.2	217,970	94,905	123,065	15.3	14.3	16.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	140	75	70	0.6	0.7	0.6	78,855	36,815	42,035	5.5	5.5	5.5
Korea, South⁹²	315	170	145	1.4	1.6	1.3	47,520	21,345	26,180	3.3	3.2	3.4
Taiwan	70	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4	40,445	18,100	22,340	2.8	2.7	2.9
Philippines	1,320	480	845	6.0	4.6	7.4	131,645	54,350	77,300	9.2	8.2	10.2
Viet Nam	120	60	65	0.5	0.6	0.6	32,390	14,475	17,915	2.3	2.2	2.4
Bangladesh	55	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3	3,035	1,520	1,520	0.2	0.2	0.2
India	1,920	965	955	8.8	9.2	8.4	197,115	96,630	100,480	13.8	14.5	13.2
Pakistan	225	95	125	1.0	0.9	1.1	13,345	6,910	6,430	0.9	1.0	0.8
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	5,375	2,595	2,775	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other places of birth in Asia	645	245	395	2.9	2.3	3.5	66,580	28,320	38,260	4.7	4.3	5.0
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	725	385	340	3.3	3.7	3.0	33,225	16,430	16,800	2.3	2.5	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,750	1,325	1,425	100.0	100.0	100.0	197,420	94,095	103,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	325	120	205	11.8	9.1	14.4	22,835	10,990	11,850	11.6	11.7	11.5
Brazil	30	10	20	1.1	0.8	1.4	5,130	2,430	2,695	2.6	2.6	2.6
Colombia	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7	1,075	495	580	0.5	0.5	0.6
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	515	490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mexico	45	25	20	1.6	1.9	1.4	3,045	1,450	1,595	1.5	1.5	1.5
United States of America	180	65	115	6.5	4.9	8.1	8,760	4,325	4,430	4.4	4.6	4.3
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	530	205	330	0.3	0.2	0.3
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	25	1.5	1.5	1.8	3,265	1,545	1,720	1.7	1.6	1.7
Europe	515	230	285	18.7	17.4	20.0	25,290	13,375	11,920	12.8	14.2	11.5
France	45	30	15	1.6	2.3	1.1	1,730	935	795	0.9	1.0	0.8
Germany	80	35	45	2.9	2.6	3.2	1,380	680	705	0.7	0.7	0.7
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	2,420	1,485	935	1.2	1.6	0.9
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	995	555	445	0.5	0.6	0.4
Russian Federation	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4	2,075	835	1,235	1.1	0.9	1.2
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4	1,935	885	1,045	1.0	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	100	115	7.8	7.5	8.1	7,675	4,510	3,165	3.9	4.8	3.1
Other places of birth in Europe	125	55	70	4.5	4.2	4.9	7,090	3,490	3,605	3.6	3.7	3.5
Africa	315	170	140	11.5	12.8	9.8	10,465	5,545	4,915	5.3	5.9	4.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	35	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	340	205	140	0.2	0.2	0.1
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7	610	350	255	0.3	0.4	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,515	935	585	0.8	1.0	0.6
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	340	275	0.3	0.4	0.3
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	160	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nigeria	60	45	10	2.2	3.4	0.7	1,770	925	845	0.9	1.0	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	130	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	130	65	65	4.7	4.9	4.6	1,965	945	1,015	1.0	1.0	1.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Africa	105	55	45	3.8	4.2	3.2	2,420	1,245	1,180	1.2	1.3	1.1
Asia	1,400	680	725	50.9	51.3	50.9	134,395	61,590	72,805	68.1	65.5	70.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,325	700	625	0.7	0.7	0.6
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	655	340	315	0.3	0.4	0.3
China⁹⁰	75	40	35	2.7	3.0	2.5	31,450	13,060	18,390	15.9	13.9	17.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7	2,515	1,125	1,390	1.3	1.2	1.3
India	445	245	200	16.2	18.5	14.0	39,390	20,140	19,245	20.0	21.4	18.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,850	2,865	2,980	3.0	3.0	2.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	840	705	0.8	0.9	0.7
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	365	240	0.3	0.4	0.2
Japan	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4	2,090	500	1,590	1.1	0.5	1.5
Jordan	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7	395	200	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	30	2.2	2.3	2.1	7,220	2,935	4,280	3.7	3.1	4.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	175	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	195	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistan	40	20	20	1.5	1.5	1.4	2,390	1,300	1,090	1.2	1.4	1.1
Philippines	500	205	295	18.2	15.5	20.7	21,220	9,170	12,055	10.7	9.7	11.7
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	340	230	0.3	0.4	0.2
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0	710	330	380	0.4	0.4	0.4
Syria⁸⁹	60	45	20	2.2	3.4	1.4	4,955	2,635	2,320	2.5	2.8	2.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	615	410	0.5	0.7	0.4
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	620	305	320	0.3	0.3	0.3
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7	2,845	995	1,850	1.4	1.1	1.8
Other places of birth in Asia	95	30	65	3.5	2.3	4.6	6,215	2,450	3,770	3.1	2.6	3.6
Oceania and other⁹³	200	130	75	7.3	9.8	5.3	4,440	2,600	1,840	2.2	2.8	1.8
Australia	140	80	60	5.1	6.0	4.2	3,280	1,965	1,315	1.7	2.1	1.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	60	45	15	2.2	3.4	1.1	1,160	630	530	0.6	0.7	0.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	27,455	13,435	14,020	11.9	11.7	12.1	1,657,625	783,205	874,415	33.7	32.4	35.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	37,275	18,515	18,760	16.1	16.1	16.2	1,068,600	536,615	531,985	21.7	22.2	21.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	166,115	83,250	82,870	72.0	72.3	71.7	2,189,720	1,097,065	1,092,655	44.5	45.4	43.7
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,500	5,880	6,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,955	3,635	3,325	55.6	61.8	50.2	661,395	320,875	340,525	57.7	60.3	55.5
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,210	1,955	1,250	25.7	33.2	18.9	273,695	157,230	116,470	23.9	29.5	19.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,745	1,675	2,075	30.0	28.5	31.3	387,700	163,640	224,055	33.8	30.7	36.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,645	1,760	2,880	37.2	29.9	43.5	372,185	152,795	219,390	32.5	28.7	35.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	790	415	375	6.3	7.1	5.7	97,720	52,250	45,470	8.5	9.8	7.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	115	70	40	0.9	1.2	0.6	14,250	6,295	7,960	1.2	1.2	1.3
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,500	5,880	6,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,145,550	532,215	613,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	155	95	55	1.2	1.6	0.8	27,320	15,640	11,685	2.4	2.9	1.9
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,700	1,260	1,445	21.6	21.4	21.8	138,760	59,130	79,630	12.1	11.1	13.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	495	240	255	4.0	4.1	3.9	40,690	20,075	20,615	3.6	3.8	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	885	440	445	7.1	7.5	6.7	71,860	33,525	38,335	6.3	6.3	6.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	135	50	85	1.1	0.9	1.3	5,145	2,030	3,110	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,130	3,805	4,330	65.0	64.7	65.4	861,775	401,815	459,965	75.2	75.5	75.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,965	7,890	8,075	6.9	6.8	7.0	1,689,490	810,165	879,325	34.4	33.5	35.2
South Asian	5,945	3,210	2,735	2.6	2.8	2.4	473,965	240,475	233,495	9.6	9.9	9.3
Chinese	1,885	960	930	0.8	0.8	0.8	550,590	257,590	293,000	11.2	10.7	11.7
Black	1,605	775	830	0.7	0.7	0.7	61,760	31,965	29,790	1.3	1.3	1.2
Filipino	1,885	715	1,175	0.8	0.6	1.0	174,280	76,070	98,210	3.5	3.1	3.9
Arab	295	170	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	28,010	15,015	12,995	0.6	0.6	0.5
Latin American	875	390	480	0.4	0.3	0.4	65,970	31,960	34,015	1.3	1.3	1.4
Southeast Asian	605	335	275	0.3	0.3	0.2	71,785	33,340	38,445	1.5	1.4	1.5
West Asian	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	69,270	34,800	34,470	1.4	1.4	1.4
Korean	590	335	255	0.3	0.3	0.2	72,815	33,390	39,425	1.5	1.4	1.6
Japanese	1,420	635	780	0.6	0.6	0.7	44,120	18,335	25,790	0.9	0.8	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	175	60	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,080	8,935	9,145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	475	205	275	0.2	0.2	0.2	58,840	28,295	30,540	1.2	1.2	1.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	214,890	107,310	107,585	93.1	93.2	93.0	3,226,450	1,606,725	1,619,730	65.6	66.5	64.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,940	2,416,890	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	31,030	15,840	15,195	13.4	13.8	13.1	459,320	236,305	223,015	9.3	9.8	8.9
English	66,385	32,015	34,370	28.8	27.8	29.7	1,019,250	499,340	519,910	20.7	20.7	20.8
Irish	40,215	19,300	20,915	17.4	16.8	18.1	627,920	297,705	330,215	12.8	12.3	13.2
Scottish	50,585	24,585	25,995	21.9	21.3	22.5	774,455	376,280	398,170	15.8	15.6	15.9
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,710	10,440	11,265	9.4	9.1	9.7	312,750	150,460	162,290	6.4	6.2	6.5
German	38,310	18,880	19,420	16.6	16.4	16.8	539,145	263,480	275,665	11.0	10.9	11.0
Chinese	2,215	1,080	1,135	1.0	0.9	1.0	517,805	242,015	275,785	10.5	10.0	11.0
Italian	9,485	4,800	4,685	4.1	4.2	4.1	162,485	81,275	81,205	3.3	3.4	3.2
Indian (India)	3,680	1,940	1,745	1.6	1.7	1.5	275,975	138,885	137,090	5.6	5.7	5.5
Ukrainian	14,735	7,195	7,535	6.4	6.2	6.5	210,100	102,030	108,065	4.3	4.2	4.3
Dutch	12,370	6,120	6,245	5.4	5.3	5.4	189,985	94,390	95,600	3.9	3.9	3.8
Polish	7,515	3,570	3,950	3.3	3.1	3.4	134,635	63,780	70,850	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	320	135	185	0.1	0.1	0.2	6,240	3,120	3,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	9,190	4,630	4,560	4.0	4.0	3.9	191,025	94,050	96,980	3.9	3.9	3.9
Filipino	2,015	805	1,205	0.9	0.7	1.0	172,915	75,990	96,930	3.5	3.1	3.9
French Canadian	2,350	1,095	1,255	1.0	1.0	1.1	39,930	19,400	20,535	0.8	0.8	0.8
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,235	2,740	2,505	2.3	2.4	2.2	82,175	42,475	39,700	1.7	1.8	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,230	5,980	6,250	5.3	5.2	5.4	105,005	51,270	53,735	2.1	2.1	2.2
Métis	8,480	4,010	4,465	3.7	3.5	3.9	85,205	41,265	43,930	1.7	1.7	1.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	5,820	2,855	2,960	2.5	2.5	2.6	102,475	51,755	50,715	2.1	2.1	2.0
Russian	6,290	2,980	3,315	2.7	2.6	2.9	121,755	58,460	63,295	2.5	2.4	2.5
Norwegian	10,110	4,900	5,210	4.4	4.3	4.5	137,170	65,790	71,385	2.8	2.7	2.9
Welsh	6,165	2,915	3,240	2.7	2.5	2.8	104,225	49,190	55,035	2.1	2.0	2.2
Portuguese	1,010	475	535	0.4	0.4	0.5	39,755	19,465	20,290	0.8	0.8	0.8
American	4,645	2,345	2,300	2.0	2.0	2.0	71,530	34,865	36,660	1.5	1.4	1.5
Spanish	1,450	625	825	0.6	0.5	0.7	54,365	25,030	29,335	1.1	1.0	1.2
Swedish	8,030	3,895	4,135	3.5	3.4	3.6	103,630	48,520	55,115	2.1	2.0	2.2
Hungarian	3,150	1,520	1,630	1.4	1.3	1.4	51,915	25,060	26,855	1.1	1.0	1.1
Acadian	420	220	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,025	3,455	3,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	265	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,050	9,780	9,275	0.4	0.4	0.4
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	720	270	450	0.3	0.2	0.4	18,520	9,370	9,150	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	630	285	345	0.3	0.2	0.3	34,395	17,265	17,135	0.7	0.7	0.7
Punjabi	755	400	355	0.3	0.3	0.3	93,395	47,650	45,740	1.9	2.0	1.8
Vietnamese	320	180	145	0.1	0.2	0.1	51,890	24,430	27,455	1.1	1.0	1.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,590	6,755	5,840	0.3	0.3	0.2
Greek	670	300	365	0.3	0.3	0.3	23,300	11,910	11,390	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jamaican	295	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,865	5,140	4,725	0.2	0.2	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	420	205	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	47,650	22,170	25,480	1.0	0.9	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,445	1,175	1,265	1.1	1.0	1.1	24,875	11,715	13,160	0.5	0.5	0.5
Korean	585	315	265	0.3	0.3	0.2	72,025	33,110	38,915	1.5	1.4	1.6
Romanian	1,530	680	845	0.7	0.6	0.7	30,195	14,590	15,605	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	190	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,440	4,310	4,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	49,390	24,720	24,675	1.0	1.0	1.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	425	205	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	13,865	6,995	6,870	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	3,490	1,755	1,740	1.5	1.5	1.5	54,865	26,740	28,130	1.1	1.1	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,560	1,240	1,315	1.1	1.1	1.1	24,140	11,670	12,470	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	890	500	395	0.4	0.4	0.3	69,100	35,355	33,750	1.4	1.5	1.4
Austrian	3,135	1,640	1,490	1.4	1.4	1.3	45,280	21,810	23,465	0.9	0.9	0.9
Belgian	1,190	560	625	0.5	0.5	0.5	19,505	9,395	10,110	0.4	0.4	0.4
Haitian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,215	640	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	210	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,405	10,140	9,265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mexican	850	470	380	0.4	0.4	0.3	28,445	14,140	14,305	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mennonite	970	495	480	0.4	0.4	0.4	20,925	10,530	10,395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	2,340	1,165	1,180	1.0	1.0	1.0	28,520	13,995	14,525	0.6	0.6	0.6
Finnish	2,610	1,280	1,330	1.1	1.1	1.1	33,680	16,290	17,390	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,440	3,210	3,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	885	445	440	0.4	0.4	0.4	23,750	11,645	12,100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	1,690	770	920	0.7	0.7	0.8	54,640	23,430	31,215	1.1	1.0	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	205	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	20,125	9,935	10,190	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	280	145	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,840	2,340	2,500	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	2,090	980	1,110	0.9	0.9	1.0	30,950	14,970	15,980	0.6	0.6	0.6
Muslim	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,220	4,150	4,065	0.2	0.2	0.2
Egyptian	95	60	35	0.0	0.1	0.0	5,810	3,125	2,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	11,730	5,675	6,055	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,380	1,835	1,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	1,495	735	755	0.6	0.6	0.7	25,910	12,770	13,135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombian	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,315	3,555	3,760	0.1	0.1	0.2
Moroccan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	980	1,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,120	560	565	0.5	0.5	0.5	22,425	10,920	11,505	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,550	3,350	3,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,420	1,240	1,180	0.0	0.1	0.0
Afghan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,605	4,725	4,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,515	2,250	2,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	235	120	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,660	6,575	6,080	0.3	0.3	0.2
Ojibway	455	260	195	0.2	0.2	0.2	5,145	2,565	2,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	330	160	175	0.1	0.1	0.2	4,530	2,415	2,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,020	14,470	15,550	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ontarian	195	70	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,315	1,570	1,750	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	75	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,155	9,840	9,315	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	30	90	0.1	0.0	0.1	4,120	2,075	2,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,070	4,185	3,895	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	160	100	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	2,120	1,005	1,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	110	60	50	0.0	0.1	0.0	3,740	1,930	1,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	915	545	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,435	6,005	6,430	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigerian	220	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,110	2,075	2,040	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,040	2,075	1,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	570	285	280	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,565	5,520	6,045	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	535	265	270	0.2	0.2	0.2	11,810	5,340	6,470	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,665	1,460	1,205	0.1	0.1	0.0
Taiwanese	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	37,530	17,430	20,100	0.8	0.7	0.8
Iraqi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,590	2,350	2,240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,580	3,285	3,295	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,640	805	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,735	5,070	5,670	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,140	2,630	2,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,715	1,245	1,465	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	965	915	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	835	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	345	120	225	0.1	0.1	0.2	7,330	3,450	3,885	0.1	0.1	0.2
South African	590	300	285	0.3	0.3	0.2	13,965	6,930	7,035	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	775	420	355	0.3	0.4	0.3	18,505	9,575	8,925	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,750	1,470	1,280	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,220	3,100	3,125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	780	715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	2,015	885	1,125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,275	1,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	130	55	70	0.1	0.0	0.1	5,295	2,430	2,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,260	1,975	2,285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	100	65	35	0.0	0.1	0.0	1,350	720	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,350	1,545	1,805	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	370	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,455	1,180	1,280	0.0	0.0	0.1
Maltese	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,750	1,340	1,420	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,235	605	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	235	100	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,340	2,485	2,855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	380	160	225	0.2	0.1	0.2	7,865	3,860	4,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	430	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,670	1,335	1,340	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,245	1,230	1,015	0.0	0.1	0.0
African Canadian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,535	790	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,645	1,850	1,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,355	1,205	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	375	180	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	6,545	2,955	3,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,720	1,785	1,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	330	160	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,430	1,690	1,735	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,670	905	770	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	985	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,500	2,320	2,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	325	160	165	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,580	2,605	2,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	285	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,285	2,660	2,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,770	895	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,785	1,910	1,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,835	810	1,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	70	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	255	140	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,860	2,450	2,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,370	745	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	220	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,415	1,320	1,095	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indonesian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,440	3,890	4,550	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,485	1,160	1,320	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,765	2,115	2,655	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,550	2,245	2,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	230	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,445	2,660	2,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	1,405	670	740	0.6	0.6	0.6	20,450	10,360	10,085	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	545	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	155	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,625	1,260	1,365	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	245	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	4,695	2,200	2,495	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,375	1,830	1,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,120	7,710	8,410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,370	4,345	4,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	205	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,695	1,480	1,210	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	445	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.1	5,745	2,120	3,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	415	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,305	1,130	1,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	415	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	445	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	2,610	1,250	1,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	505	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,015	1,025	990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	135	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	655	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	640	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	390	175	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,840	3,965	3,875	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	460	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	185	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,655	660	995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,420	2,535	2,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	360	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	780	450	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	235	120	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,890	1,400	1,490	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,950	1,390	1,565	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	65	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	505	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	830	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	80	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	445	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	430	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	180	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	660	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,890	880	1,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,160	565	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,215	1,050	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	120	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	345	165	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	465	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	855	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	160	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	320	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	180	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	520	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	420	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,285	605	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	960	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,500	760	740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	250	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,920	1,345	1,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	95	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	200	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	105	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,540	705	830	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	485	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	740	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	935	495	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	465	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,625	1,255	1,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	750	365	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	155	165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	715	355	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,240	615	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,225	1,120	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	890	1,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	380	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,145	510	635	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	320	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	470	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	195	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	650	390	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	620	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	290	230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	405	200	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	260	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	590	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	70	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	110	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	340	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,205	600	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,075	485	585	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	260	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,630	1,165	1,460	0.1	0.0	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	520	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	335	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,095	570	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,915,945	2,416,885	2,499,055	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	820	345	475	0.4	0.3	0.4	83,860	35,040	48,825	1.7	1.4	2.0
Christian	79,615	36,035	43,585	34.5	31.3	37.7	1,684,870	766,705	918,165	34.3	31.7	36.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	19,375	9,040	10,335	8.4	7.8	8.9	434,920	203,070	231,850	8.8	8.4	9.3
Anabaptist	720	355	370	0.3	0.3	0.3	21,275	10,210	11,065	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	7,840	3,440	4,400	3.4	3.0	3.8	137,485	59,595	77,885	2.8	2.5	3.1
Baptist	3,090	1,375	1,715	1.3	1.2	1.5	57,265	25,770	31,495	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	23,480	11,170	12,305	10.2	9.7	10.6	588,140	272,340	315,805	12.0	11.3	12.6
Christian Orthodox	735	340	395	0.3	0.3	0.3	45,135	21,835	23,300	0.9	0.9	0.9
Jehovah's Witness	1,815	845	975	0.8	0.7	0.8	25,715	11,245	14,470	0.5	0.5	0.6
Latter Day Saints	840	340	495	0.4	0.3	0.4	12,875	5,795	7,075	0.3	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	3,360	1,400	1,965	1.5	1.2	1.7	46,395	20,205	26,185	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	215	75	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,290	3,295	3,995	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,110	955	1,160	0.9	0.8	1.0	41,140	18,550	22,585	0.8	0.8	0.9
Presbyterian	1,140	475	670	0.5	0.4	0.6	28,040	12,260	15,780	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	285	145	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,455	6,050	6,400	0.3	0.3	0.3
United Church	8,845	3,490	5,355	3.8	3.0	4.6	129,000	51,815	77,185	2.6	2.1	3.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,755	2,575	3,180	2.5	2.2	2.7	97,745	44,660	53,085	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hindu	1,230	680	550	0.5	0.6	0.5	81,320	42,070	39,245	1.7	1.7	1.6
Jewish	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	26,850	12,980	13,870	0.5	0.5	0.6
Muslim	1,170	650	525	0.5	0.6	0.5	125,915	63,375	62,535	2.6	2.6	2.5
Sikh	2,950	1,625	1,325	1.3	1.4	1.1	290,870	145,740	145,130	5.9	6.0	5.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,570	760	815	0.7	0.7	0.7	11,570	5,495	6,075	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,610	1,005	1,605	1.1	0.9	1.4	51,440	20,890	30,555	1.0	0.9	1.2
No religion and secular perspectives	140,695	74,010	66,685	60.9	64.2	57.7	2,559,250	1,324,585	1,234,660	52.1	54.8	49.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	228,975	114,245	114,730	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,875,955	2,396,280	2,479,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	198,410	99,265	99,155	86.7	86.9	86.4	4,169,710	2,050,165	2,119,540	85.5	85.6	85.5
Movers	30,560	14,985	15,575	13.3	13.1	13.6	706,245	346,115	360,130	14.5	14.4	14.5
Non-migrants	16,815	8,170	8,645	7.3	7.2	7.5	395,215	193,080	202,135	8.1	8.1	8.2
Migrants	13,750	6,815	6,935	6.0	6.0	6.0	311,030	153,035	157,990	6.4	6.4	6.4
Internal migrants	12,625	6,295	6,335	5.5	5.5	5.5	251,245	123,785	127,455	5.2	5.2	5.1
Intraprovincial migrants	9,705	4,880	4,825	4.2	4.3	4.2	187,990	92,090	95,900	3.9	3.8	3.9
Interprovincial migrants	2,925	1,410	1,515	1.3	1.2	1.3	63,250	31,695	31,555	1.3	1.3	1.3
External migrants	1,120	520	600	0.5	0.5	0.5	59,785	29,250	30,535	1.2	1.2	1.2
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	220,795	110,015	110,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,699,740	2,305,755	2,393,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	123,305	61,615	61,690	55.8	56.0	55.7	2,639,500	1,292,175	1,347,330	56.2	56.0	56.3
Movers	97,490	48,400	49,090	44.2	44.0	44.3	2,060,245	1,013,590	1,046,655	43.8	44.0	43.7
Non-migrants	35,195	17,415	17,780	15.9	15.8	16.0	757,040	372,900	384,135	16.1	16.2	16.0
Migrants	62,300	30,980	31,315	28.2	28.2	28.3	1,303,200	640,680	662,520	27.7	27.8	27.7
Internal migrants	57,090	28,315	28,780	25.9	25.7	26.0	1,016,025	498,920	517,105	21.6	21.6	21.6
Intraprovincial migrants	45,765	22,550	23,215	20.7	20.5	21.0	799,455	390,525	408,935	17.0	16.9	17.1
Interprovincial migrants	11,330	5,765	5,560	5.1	5.2	5.0	216,565	108,395	108,170	4.6	4.7	4.5
External migrants	5,210	2,670	2,535	2.4	2.4	2.3	287,175	141,765	145,415	6.1	6.1	6.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	196,815	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	39,255	22,085	17,165	19.9	22.6	17.3	643,330	341,470	301,860	15.3	16.7	14.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	157,565	75,580	81,980	80.1	77.4	82.7	3,557,095	1,706,925	1,850,170	84.7	83.3	86.0
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,430	59,385	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,860	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,935	9,335	6,595	13.2	15.7	10.8	259,010	148,785	110,220	9.6	11.3	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	104,495	50,045	54,450	86.8	84.3	89.2	2,432,850	1,164,475	1,268,375	90.4	88.7	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	196,810	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	32,925	17,810	15,115	16.7	18.2	15.2	565,665	292,000	273,665	13.5	14.3	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65,385	31,895	33,495	33.2	32.7	33.8	1,238,000	610,685	627,320	29.5	29.8	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	98,505	47,965	50,540	50.1	49.1	51.0	2,396,755	1,145,715	1,251,040	57.1	55.9	58.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	67,305	34,640	32,655	34.2	35.5	32.9	1,197,050	598,425	598,620	28.5	29.2	27.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,270	18,505	4,770	11.8	18.9	4.8	323,635	243,815	79,815	7.7	11.9	3.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,550	5,235	3,315	4.3	5.4	3.3	133,020	78,330	54,685	3.2	3.8	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	14,720	13,265	1,455	7.5	13.6	1.5	190,615	165,490	25,130	4.5	8.1	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35,990	13,310	22,685	18.3	13.6	22.9	711,810	289,555	422,255	16.9	14.1	19.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,035	2,835	5,205	4.1	2.9	5.2	161,600	65,055	96,545	3.8	3.2	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,200	13,325	17,885	15.9	13.6	18.0	1,199,710	547,285	652,420	28.6	26.7	30.3
Bachelor's degree	20,815	8,780	12,030	10.6	9.0	12.1	775,145	347,145	427,995	18.5	16.9	19.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,495	975	1,520	1.3	1.0	1.5	84,000	34,915	49,085	2.0	1.7	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	960	560	390	0.5	0.6	0.4	32,985	18,045	14,945	0.8	0.9	0.7
Master's degree	6,215	2,630	3,585	3.2	2.7	3.6	264,145	121,485	142,660	6.3	5.9	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	720	370	345	0.4	0.4	0.3	43,440	25,700	17,740	1.0	1.3	0.8
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,435	59,385	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,860	1,313,260	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,790	7,330	5,455	10.6	12.3	8.9	216,660	122,720	93,935	8.0	9.3	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	38,165	19,360	18,810	31.7	32.6	30.8	694,785	358,700	336,090	25.8	27.3	24.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	69,475	32,695	36,780	57.7	55.1	60.2	1,780,415	831,840	948,575	66.1	63.3	68.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	46,060	23,370	22,690	38.2	39.4	37.2	838,680	416,930	421,745	31.2	31.7	30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,375	12,285	3,090	12.8	20.7	5.1	217,350	164,860	52,495	8.1	12.6	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,525	3,415	2,105	4.6	5.8	3.4	88,765	52,645	36,115	3.3	4.0	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	9,855	8,870	980	8.2	14.9	1.6	128,590	112,210	16,375	4.8	8.5	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,950	9,080	15,870	20.7	15.3	26.0	507,405	206,015	301,390	18.8	15.7	21.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,740	2,010	3,730	4.8	3.4	6.1	113,915	46,055	67,865	4.2	3.5	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,415	9,325	14,090	19.4	15.7	23.1	941,735	414,910	526,830	35.0	31.6	38.2
Bachelor's degree	15,860	6,385	9,480	13.2	10.8	15.5	610,735	267,470	343,270	22.7	20.4	24.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,775	635	1,135	1.5	1.1	1.9	63,310	25,280	38,030	2.4	1.9	2.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	700	355	350	0.6	0.6	0.6	24,675	11,985	12,690	0.9	0.9	0.9
Master's degree	4,595	1,730	2,865	3.8	2.9	4.7	212,745	93,655	119,090	7.9	7.1	8.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	485	225	260	0.4	0.4	0.4	30,275	16,520	13,755	1.1	1.3	1.0
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	196,815	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	98,305	49,705	48,605	49.9	50.9	49.0	1,803,665	902,685	900,990	42.9	44.1	41.9
Education	8,095	2,115	5,980	4.1	2.2	6.0	158,060	37,395	120,670	3.8	1.8	5.6
13. Education	8,095	2,115	5,980	4.1	2.2	6.0	158,060	37,395	120,670	3.8	1.8	5.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,165	930	1,240	1.1	1.0	1.3	109,100	46,770	62,330	2.6	2.3	2.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	185	60	0.1	0.2	0.1	13,390	9,570	3,815	0.3	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,925	745	1,175	1.0	0.8	1.2	95,715	37,200	58,510	2.3	1.8	2.7
Humanities	3,440	1,410	2,030	1.7	1.4	2.0	143,340	55,460	87,875	3.4	2.7	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	250	70	185	0.1	0.1	0.2	16,850	3,705	13,145	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	760	230	530	0.4	0.2	0.5	35,465	10,360	25,105	0.8	0.5	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,080	360	720	0.5	0.4	0.7	48,620	19,020	29,605	1.2	0.9	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,860	1,075	1,780	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	125	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,705	4,630	3,075	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	645	360	285	0.3	0.4	0.3	12,220	7,385	4,835	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	405	225	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	16,035	8,595	7,450	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,580	695	2,880	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,685	2,295	5,390	3.9	2.3	5.4	288,970	102,380	186,590	6.9	5.0	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130	25	100	0.1	0.0	0.1	5,140	1,360	3,780	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	245	335	0.3	0.3	0.3	31,375	11,580	19,795	0.7	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,795	90	1,705	0.9	0.1	1.7	39,140	3,530	35,610	0.9	0.2	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	1,425	370	1,055	0.7	0.4	1.1	44,255	15,575	28,680	1.1	0.8	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	6,625	2,525	4,105	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,305	370	935	0.7	0.4	0.9	52,080	13,955	38,125	1.2	0.7	1.8
45. Social sciences	2,305	1,145	1,160	1.2	1.2	1.2	110,350	53,860	56,495	2.6	2.6	2.6
Business, management and public administration	17,875	5,625	12,255	9.1	5.8	12.4	493,290	201,060	292,230	11.7	9.8	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	220	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,290	360	1,930	1.2	0.4	1.9	30,855	6,685	24,175	0.7	0.3	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,570	5,265	10,300	7.9	5.4	10.4	461,790	194,160	267,625	11.0	9.5	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,165	1,630	1,530	1.6	1.7	1.5	106,515	54,495	52,015	2.5	2.7	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,420	635	785	0.7	0.7	0.8	44,910	19,580	25,330	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745	355	390	0.4	0.4	0.4	25,655	12,030	13,620	0.6	0.6	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	665	1,220	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	735	545	195	0.4	0.6	0.2	30,600	21,085	9,515	0.7	1.0	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	220	75	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,470	1,140	2,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,050	1,215	840	1.0	1.2	0.8	105,555	69,245	36,310	2.5	3.4	1.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,615	1,050	570	0.8	1.1	0.6	83,795	58,985	24,810	2.0	2.9	1.2
25. Library science	185	0	185	0.1	0.0	0.2	6,145	865	5,280	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	225	140	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,030	7,715	5,320	0.3	0.4	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,580	1,680	900	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	24,800	23,245	1,550	12.6	23.8	1.6	458,590	409,460	49,135	10.9	20.0	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	305	190	115	0.2	0.2	0.1	19,025	11,490	7,535	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	2,305	1,985	320	1.2	2.0	0.3	119,995	96,730	23,260	2.9	4.7	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,150	3,635	515	2.1	3.7	0.5	83,585	73,495	10,085	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	45	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	7,105	6,845	260	3.6	7.0	0.3	104,445	101,120	3,325	2.5	4.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,490	7,255	235	3.8	7.4	0.2	86,325	83,625	2,700	2.1	4.1	0.1
48. Precision production	3,435	3,335	100	1.7	3.4	0.1	45,110	42,955	2,150	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,030	3,075	1,955	2.6	3.1	2.0	60,510	33,885	26,625	1.4	1.7	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,935	880	1,055	1.0	0.9	1.1	31,920	15,075	16,845	0.8	0.7	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,090	2,190	900	1.6	2.2	0.9	28,595	18,815	9,775	0.7	0.9	0.5
Health and related fields	17,035	2,515	14,515	8.7	2.6	14.6	350,930	73,605	277,325	8.4	3.6	12.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	970	525	450	0.5	0.5	0.5	27,000	13,530	13,470	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15,740	1,820	13,925	8.0	1.9	14.0	312,980	53,940	259,035	7.5	2.6	12.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	175	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	170	130	0.2	0.2	0.1	10,230	5,960	4,270	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,145	3,915	3,230	3.6	4.0	3.3	121,210	61,715	59,495	2.9	3.0	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,090	1,220	2,865	2.1	1.2	2.9	76,425	24,575	51,850	1.8	1.2	2.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	435	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,025	930	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	940	695	240	0.5	0.7	0.2	15,820	11,280	4,540	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,095	1,970	125	1.1	2.0	0.1	27,425	24,490	2,935	0.7	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	685	235	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	120,430	59,385	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,955	26,695	24,265	42.3	45.0	39.7	911,450	481,425	430,025	33.9	36.7	31.2
Education	5,045	1,045	3,995	4.2	1.8	6.5	99,640	21,315	78,320	3.7	1.6	5.7
13. Education	5,045	1,045	3,995	4.2	1.8	6.5	99,640	21,315	78,320	3.7	1.6	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,685	705	985	1.4	1.2	1.6	85,350	36,335	49,005	3.2	2.8	3.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1	9,815	6,950	2,860	0.4	0.5	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,550	615	940	1.3	1.0	1.5	75,530	29,385	46,145	2.8	2.2	3.3
Humanities	2,415	960	1,455	2.0	1.6	2.4	103,360	38,515	64,845	3.8	2.9	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	50	145	0.2	0.1	0.2	12,735	2,545	10,190	0.5	0.2	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	525	155	365	0.4	0.3	0.6	25,770	7,190	18,580	1.0	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	235	520	0.6	0.4	0.9	35,310	13,320	21,990	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,895	745	1,150	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1	5,780	3,440	2,335	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	400	225	175	0.3	0.4	0.3	7,845	4,740	3,105	0.3	0.4	0.2
54. History	315	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.2	11,615	6,050	5,565	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,410	480	1,930	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,770	1,595	4,170	4.8	2.7	6.8	226,805	76,655	150,150	8.4	5.8	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	4,220	1,075	3,145	0.2	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	455	170	285	0.4	0.3	0.5	26,730	9,590	17,150	1.0	0.7	1.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,355	70	1,290	1.1	0.1	2.1	29,960	2,705	27,260	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,090	235	855	0.9	0.4	1.4	34,935	10,780	24,150	1.3	0.8	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,150	1,960	3,185	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	940	235	710	0.8	0.4	1.2	39,250	9,600	29,645	1.5	0.7	2.2
45. Social sciences	1,735	845	890	1.4	1.4	1.5	86,555	40,945	45,615	3.2	3.1	3.3
Business, management and public administration	12,785	3,975	8,815	10.6	6.7	14.4	379,485	152,040	227,445	14.1	11.6	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	445	140	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,685	225	1,455	1.4	0.4	2.4	22,625	4,535	18,095	0.8	0.3	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,100	3,745	7,350	9.2	6.3	12.0	356,415	147,365	209,055	13.2	11.2	15.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,305	1,115	1,185	1.9	1.9	1.9	77,340	37,350	39,990	2.9	2.8	2.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,055	430	625	0.9	0.7	1.0	33,945	14,030	19,915	1.3	1.1	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	575	255	315	0.5	0.4	0.5	18,520	8,355	10,165	0.7	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,545	520	1,030	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	535	380	150	0.4	0.6	0.2	21,390	13,835	7,555	0.8	1.1	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	1,935	610	1,330	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,610	1,035	580	1.3	1.7	1.0	87,185	58,400	28,785	3.2	4.4	2.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,365	935	425	1.1	1.6	0.7	72,700	51,710	20,995	2.7	3.9	1.5
25. Library science	105	0	105	0.1	0.0	0.2	3,600	540	3,060	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1	8,865	4,890	3,975	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	1,265	755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,705	15,455	1,250	13.9	26.0	2.0	327,735	286,655	41,080	12.2	21.8	3.0
04. Architecture and related services	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1	14,690	8,220	6,480	0.5	0.6	0.5
14. Engineering	1,670	1,415	255	1.4	2.4	0.4	93,760	73,350	20,400	3.5	5.6	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,850	2,430	420	2.4	4.1	0.7	57,590	49,650	7,940	2.1	3.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,860	4,640	215	4.0	7.8	0.4	74,045	71,450	2,595	2.8	5.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,860	4,675	190	4.0	7.9	0.3	57,950	55,995	1,950	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	2,240	2,160	85	1.9	3.6	0.1	29,605	27,965	1,640	1.1	2.1	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,870	2,165	1,705	3.2	3.6	2.8	45,705	23,930	21,775	1.7	1.8	1.6
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,470	575	895	1.2	1.0	1.5	23,700	10,410	13,290	0.9	0.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,400	1,590	810	2.0	2.7	1.3	22,005	13,520	8,485	0.8	1.0	0.6
Health and related fields	12,165	1,850	10,315	10.1	3.1	16.9	258,665	55,710	202,960	9.6	4.2	14.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	765	405	365	0.6	0.7	0.6	20,980	10,585	10,395	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,140	1,335	9,810	9.3	2.2	16.1	229,855	41,240	188,620	8.5	3.1	13.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	90	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2	7,245	3,790	3,455	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,110	2,800	2,315	4.2	4.7	3.8	88,615	44,750	43,865	3.3	3.4	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,915	905	2,015	2.4	1.5	3.3	56,165	18,390	37,775	2.1	1.4	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	240	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	410	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	690	485	205	0.6	0.8	0.3	12,270	8,530	3,740	0.5	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,500	1,400	100	1.2	2.4	0.2	19,425	17,180	2,240	0.7	1.3	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	180	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	120,430	59,385	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,691,865	1,313,265	1,378,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,955	26,695	24,265	42.3	45.0	39.7	911,450	481,425	430,025	33.9	36.7	31.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	69,475	32,695	36,780	57.7	55.1	60.3	1,780,415	831,835	948,580	66.1	63.3	68.8
Location of study inside Canada	62,655	29,335	33,320	52.0	49.4	54.6	1,316,405	622,255	694,150	48.9	47.4	50.4
Same as province or territory of residence	49,475	22,940	26,540	41.1	38.6	43.5	1,029,000	480,420	548,580	38.2	36.6	39.8
Different than province or territory of residence	13,185	6,405	6,785	10.9	10.8	11.1	287,405	141,835	145,570	10.7	10.8	10.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,820	3,360	3,460	5.7	5.7	5.7	464,010	209,580	254,430	17.2	16.0	18.5
Americas	1,645	760	895	1.4	1.3	1.5	84,155	40,735	43,420	3.1	3.1	3.1
United States of America	1,380	655	730	1.1	1.1	1.2	57,255	28,610	28,650	2.1	2.2	2.1
Mexico	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	8,850	3,950	4,895	0.3	0.3	0.4
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	150	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	655	290	365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	8,395	3,865	4,530	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,315	1,005	1,310	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	345	595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	345	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	4,590	2,160	2,430	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	2,135	1,095	1,040	1.8	1.8	1.7	92,195	46,985	45,210	3.4	3.6	3.3
Belgium	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	755	430	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	5,075	2,645	2,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Germany	375	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3	5,805	2,975	2,830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,315	1,265	1,055	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,915	905	1,010	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	945	430	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	455	200	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,320	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,515	1,720	1,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,880	2,560	3,325	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,345	1,945	2,395	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,665	3,255	2,410	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	920	510	415	0.8	0.9	0.7	38,270	20,230	18,040	1.4	1.5	1.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	410	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,610	890	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,565	845	720	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	240	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.2	10,275	4,955	5,320	0.4	0.4	0.4
Africa	415	210	200	0.3	0.4	0.3	12,250	6,465	5,785	0.5	0.5	0.4
Nigeria	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	1,315	690	630	0.0	0.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	85	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	255	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	800	690	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	5,860	3,055	2,800	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	2,825	1,510	1,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	2,140	1,015	1,125	1.8	1.7	1.8	258,905	106,700	152,210	9.6	8.1	11.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,325	7,150	9,175	0.6	0.5	0.7
Iraq	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,465	830	635	0.1	0.1	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	690	660	0.0	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	550	260	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	805	405	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,680	995	680	0.1	0.1	0.0
China⁹⁰	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	59,350	24,555	34,795	2.2	1.9	2.5
Taiwan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,905	2,985	5,915	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,025	2,820	4,210	0.3	0.2	0.3
Japan	105	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.1	8,185	1,960	6,230	0.3	0.1	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	19,605	7,220	12,385	0.7	0.5	0.9
Philippines	535	170	365	0.4	0.3	0.6	55,140	20,255	34,880	2.0	1.5	2.5
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,145	625	1,520	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	485	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	975	480	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	875	545	330	0.7	0.9	0.5	60,565	28,910	31,655	2.2	2.2	2.3
Pakistan	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	3,935	1,855	2,080	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,780	4,215	5,565	0.4	0.3	0.4
Oceania	490	275	205	0.4	0.5	0.3	16,505	8,700	7,810	0.6	0.7	0.6
Australia	335	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	12,315	6,385	5,930	0.5	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	135	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1	3,340	1,855	1,485	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	465	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	196,810	97,670	99,145	...	...	...	4,200,425	2,048,395	2,152,030	...	...	...
In the labour force	115,110	60,520	54,595	...	...	...	2,657,275	1,378,375	1,278,900	...	...	...
Employed	105,150	54,995	50,160	...	...	...	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	...	...	...
Unemployed	9,965	5,525	4,435	...	...	...	223,675	113,655	110,015	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	81,700	37,150	44,550	...	...	...	1,543,145	670,020	873,130	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	62.0	55.1	58.5	62.0	55.1	63.3	67.3	59.4	63.3	67.3	59.4
Employment rate	53.4	56.3	50.6	53.4	56.3	50.6	57.9	61.7	54.3	57.9	61.7	54.3
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.1	8.1	8.7	9.1	8.1	8.4	8.2	8.6	8.4	8.2	8.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	196,815	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0	4,200,425	2,048,390	2,152,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	81,185	37,365	43,815	41.2	38.3	44.2	1,563,830	685,205	878,625	37.2	33.5	40.8
Worked	115,630	60,305	55,330	58.8	61.7	55.8	2,636,595	1,363,185	1,273,410	62.8	66.5	59.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	56,795	32,360	24,440	28.9	33.1	24.7	1,350,335	768,255	582,080	32.1	37.5	27.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	58,835	27,950	30,885	29.9	28.6	31.2	1,286,260	594,930	691,330	30.6	29.0	32.1
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.1	39.9	40.5	41.1	39.9	40.9	41.8	39.9	40.9	41.8	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	115,115	60,520	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,200	1,165	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.9	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	112,915	59,355	53,560	98.1	98.1	98.1	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
Employee	94,380	48,460	45,920	82.0	80.1	84.1	2,144,475	1,076,150	1,068,330	80.7	78.1	83.5
Permanent position	77,705	40,550	37,155	67.5	67.0	68.1	1,788,175	913,100	875,070	67.3	66.2	68.4
Temporary position	16,675	7,910	8,765	14.5	13.1	16.1	356,305	163,045	193,255	13.4	11.8	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,815	1,625	2,190	3.3	2.7	4.0	116,190	53,010	63,190	4.4	3.8	4.9
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,860	6,285	6,570	11.2	10.4	12.0	240,110	110,035	130,070	9.0	8.0	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	18,530	10,895	7,635	16.1	18.0	14.0	458,635	275,905	182,735	17.3	20.0	14.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	115,115	60,520	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,200	1,165	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.9	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	112,915	59,355	53,560	98.1	98.1	98.1	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	870	545	325	0.8	0.9	0.6	32,255	22,375	9,885	1.2	1.6	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,580	3,525	12,060	13.5	5.8	22.1	446,160	137,765	308,395	16.8	10.0	24.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,100	4,605	1,495	5.3	7.6	2.7	209,185	158,605	50,580	7.9	11.5	4.0
3 Health occupations	9,260	1,575	7,690	8.0	2.6	14.1	199,185	43,765	155,415	7.5	3.2	12.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,590	3,955	8,630	10.9	6.5	15.8	309,360	103,155	206,205	11.6	7.5	16.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,410	900	1,510	2.1	1.5	2.8	110,585	52,240	58,340	4.2	3.8	4.6
6 Sales and service occupations	28,835	11,585	17,250	25.0	19.1	31.6	666,705	293,530	373,180	25.1	21.3	29.2
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,105	23,825	2,280	22.7	39.4	4.2	469,450	425,905	43,545	17.7	30.9	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,715	5,105	1,610	5.8	8.4	2.9	72,075	51,750	20,325	2.7	3.8	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,450	3,730	720	3.9	6.2	1.3	88,155	62,965	25,185	3.3	4.6	2.0
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	115,115	60,520	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,657,275	1,378,380	1,278,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,200	1,165	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.9	54,165	26,325	27,835	2.0	1.9	2.2
All industries¹⁹¹	112,915	59,355	53,560	98.1	98.1	98.1	2,603,110	1,352,050	1,251,060	98.0	98.1	97.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,560	3,890	1,670	4.8	6.4	3.1	60,320	38,580	21,735	2.3	2.8	1.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,795	3,355	435	3.3	5.5	0.8	24,955	20,610	4,350	0.9	1.5	0.3
22 Utilities	805	635	170	0.7	1.0	0.3	14,820	10,765	4,050	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	11,785	10,045	1,740	10.2	16.6	3.2	234,345	201,185	33,155	8.8	14.6	2.6
31-33 Manufacturing	6,840	5,455	1,390	5.9	9.0	2.5	152,790	107,750	45,035	5.7	7.8	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	2,485	1,835	645	2.2	3.0	1.2	80,165	53,130	27,035	3.0	3.9	2.1
44-45 Retail trade	14,050	6,515	7,530	12.2	10.8	13.8	301,060	142,230	158,830	11.3	10.3	12.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,795	4,565	1,230	5.0	7.5	2.3	142,230	108,095	34,135	5.4	7.8	2.7
51 Information and cultural industries	1,080	575	510	0.9	1.0	0.9	71,295	43,800	27,495	2.7	3.2	2.1
52 Finance and insurance	2,400	635	1,760	2.1	1.0	3.2	95,560	41,275	54,290	3.6	3.0	4.2
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,690	810	880	1.5	1.3	1.6	59,155	31,515	27,640	2.2	2.3	2.2
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,230	3,005	3,225	5.4	5.0	5.9	238,650	131,495	107,150	9.0	9.5	8.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	140	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	5,785	2,740	3,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,505	2,580	1,930	3.9	4.3	3.5	110,215	62,865	47,350	4.1	4.6	3.7
61 Educational services	7,390	2,185	5,210	6.4	3.6	9.5	192,855	62,310	130,545	7.3	4.5	10.2
62 Health care and social assistance	15,150	2,435	12,720	13.2	4.0	23.3	319,525	64,150	255,375	12.0	4.7	20.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,890	1,455	1,435	2.5	2.4	2.6	60,775	30,215	30,560	2.3	2.2	2.4
72 Accommodation and food services	8,515	3,485	5,030	7.4	5.8	9.2	182,105	78,435	103,670	6.9	5.7	8.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,030	2,540	2,490	4.4	4.2	4.6	113,780	50,100	63,680	4.3	3.6	5.0
91 Public administration	6,765	3,260	3,505	5.9	5.4	6.4	142,730	70,795	71,940	5.4	5.1	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	125,840	65,580	60,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,780	64,735	59,045	98.4	98.7	98.0	2,617,625	1,354,690	1,262,935	91.7	92.0	91.3
French	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,090	850	2,240	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2	52,925	27,750	25,180	1.9	1.9	1.8
Indigenous³⁹	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	140	60	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	52,790	27,690	25,100	1.8	1.9	1.8
English and French	550	190	355	0.4	0.3	0.6	21,550	8,765	12,785	0.8	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,090	475	615	0.9	0.7	1.0	154,255	76,820	77,440	5.4	5.2	5.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,160	1,360	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,840	2,000	1,840	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	125,840	65,580	60,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	125,640	65,500	60,140	99.8	99.9	99.8	2,820,225	1,453,980	1,366,250	98.8	98.8	98.7
Official languages	125,165	65,265	59,895	99.5	99.5	99.4	2,726,710	1,405,545	1,321,160	95.5	95.5	95.5
English	124,915	65,185	59,730	99.3	99.4	99.1	2,720,275	1,403,805	1,316,470	95.3	95.4	95.1
French	250	85	170	0.2	0.1	0.3	6,430	1,740	4,690	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	480	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4	93,520	48,430	45,090	3.3	3.3	3.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1	290	85	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	30	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	415	225	190	0.3	0.3	0.3	93,230	48,340	44,890	3.3	3.3	3.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	320	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	320	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	250	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,070	1,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,695	1,060	1,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	430	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	335	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	30,820	18,165	12,655	1.1	1.2	0.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	915	350	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	350	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	245	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	680	310	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	450	200	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	400	180	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	195	100	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	25,450	15,470	9,980	0.9	1.1	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	23,425	14,315	9,115	0.8	1.0	0.7
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,730	13,945	8,785	0.8	0.9	0.6
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	1,155	865	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	1,135	855	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	75	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,710	940	770	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	120	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,675	1,975	1,700	0.1	0.1	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	245	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,940	1,645	1,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	695	1,320	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,855	3,485	3,370	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	105	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	95	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	48,730	23,930	24,800	1.7	1.6	1.8
Chinese languages	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	48,670	23,890	24,780	1.7	1.6	1.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	28,465	13,710	14,755	1.0	0.9	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	110	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	19,865	10,015	9,855	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	65	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	60	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2	35,660	18,080	17,585	1.2	1.2	1.3
English and French	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1	2,470	970	1,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	32,195	16,590	15,610	1.1	1.1	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	445	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	125,840	65,580	60,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,855,890	1,472,060	1,383,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,385	64,985	59,400	98.8	99.1	98.6	2,703,945	1,398,765	1,305,180	94.7	95.0	94.3
English	320	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3	36,055	17,805	18,250	1.3	1.2	1.3
French	360	130	225	0.3	0.2	0.4	16,140	7,125	9,020	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	665	275	390	0.5	0.4	0.6	79,300	38,900	40,400	2.8	2.6	2.9
Indigenous³⁹	185	65	120	0.1	0.1	0.2	1,320	470	850	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	480	210	270	0.4	0.3	0.4	77,980	38,430	39,550	2.7	2.6	2.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,745	2,165	2,580	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,945	860	1,085	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	13,685	6,410	7,275	0.5	0.4	0.5
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	105,150	54,990	50,160	100.0	100.0	100.0	2,433,600	1,264,715	1,168,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,535	6,295	8,240	13.8	11.4	16.4	549,845	262,840	287,005	22.6	20.8	24.6
Worked outside Canada	155	115	45	0.1	0.2	0.1	10,065	6,785	3,275	0.4	0.5	0.3
No fixed workplace address	17,980	13,695	4,285	17.1	24.9	8.5	373,475	277,860	95,615	15.3	22.0	8.2
Usual place of work	72,480	34,895	37,585	68.9	63.5	74.9	1,500,215	717,240	782,980	61.6	56.7	67.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	72,480	34,895	37,585	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,500,215	717,235	782,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	49,345	21,940	27,405	68.1	62.9	72.9	774,620	341,895	432,725	51.6	47.7	55.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,355	9,920	8,440	25.3	28.4	22.5	638,825	322,890	315,940	42.6	45.0	40.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,070	2,475	1,595	5.6	7.1	4.2	77,845	46,415	31,440	5.2	6.5	4.0
Commute to a different province or territory	710	565	150	1.0	1.6	0.4	8,920	6,040	2,875	0.6	0.8	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	90,455	48,585	41,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	79,335	43,065	36,270	87.7	88.6	86.6	1,497,765	824,995	672,775	79.9	82.9	76.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	73,725	40,460	33,265	81.5	83.3	79.4	1,376,410	775,555	600,865	73.5	77.9	68.4
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,615	2,610	3,005	6.2	5.4	7.2	121,350	49,440	71,910	6.5	5.0	8.2
Public transit	2,265	1,060	1,200	2.5	2.2	2.9	174,045	72,290	101,750	9.3	7.3	11.6
Walked	5,540	2,370	3,175	6.1	4.9	7.6	121,550	51,185	70,360	6.5	5.1	8.0
Bicycle	1,225	785	440	1.4	1.6	1.1	36,790	22,990	13,800	2.0	2.3	1.6
Other method	2,090	1,310	785	2.3	2.7	1.9	43,535	23,635	19,900	2.3	2.4	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	90,455	48,585	41,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	42,385	20,270	22,115	46.9	41.7	52.8	595,470	276,270	319,200	31.8	27.8	36.3
15 to 29 minutes	29,380	15,610	13,770	32.5	32.1	32.9	637,130	333,835	303,295	34.0	33.5	34.5
30 to 44 minutes	8,935	5,500	3,435	9.9	11.3	8.2	369,645	216,975	152,670	19.7	21.8	17.4
45 to 59 minutes	4,025	2,640	1,385	4.4	5.4	3.3	137,115	81,460	55,655	7.3	8.2	6.3
60 minutes and over	5,720	4,555	1,160	6.3	9.4	2.8	134,330	86,550	47,780	7.2	8.7	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	90,455	48,585	41,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,873,690	995,095	878,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,520	5,910	1,610	8.3	12.2	3.8	125,470	91,685	33,785	6.7	9.2	3.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15,865	10,675	5,190	17.5	22.0	12.4	298,120	192,650	105,460	15.9	19.4	12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	24,315	12,655	11,660	26.9	26.0	27.8	449,315	237,080	212,235	24.0	23.8	24.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	19,515	7,570	11,945	21.6	15.6	28.5	418,635	186,225	232,415	22.3	18.7	26.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,890	3,865	6,025	10.9	8.0	14.4	303,745	133,880	169,865	16.2	13.5	19.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,350	7,920	5,435	14.8	16.3	13.0	278,405	153,580	124,825	14.9	15.4	14.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	41,875	21,580	20,295	100.0	100.0	100.0	884,130	455,675	428,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,455	1,245	1,210	5.9	5.8	6.0	55,575	28,115	27,465	6.3	6.2	6.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	39,420	20,330	19,085	94.1	94.2	94.0	828,550	427,565	400,990	93.7	93.8	93.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	30,930	16,000	14,935	100.0	100.0	100.0	651,050	336,315	314,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,890	970	925	6.1	6.1	6.2	43,010	21,805	21,205	6.6	6.5	6.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	985	480	505	3.2	3.0	3.4	23,960	11,755	12,205	3.7	3.5	3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	905	490	420	2.9	3.1	2.8	19,050	10,050	8,995	2.9	3.0	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	29,045	15,030	14,010	93.9	93.9	93.8	608,040	314,500	293,535	93.4	93.5	93.3

Symbol legend

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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