Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Thompson/Cariboo Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region] Remove						CanadaMore information: [Country] Remove
	Counts			Rates			Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	236,788	...	...	...	...	...	36,991,981	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...	35,151,728	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...	5.2	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	115,575	...	...	...	...	...	16,284,235	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	100,330	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,941	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...	8,788,702.80	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	236,790	118,000	118,790	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,991,980	18,226,240	18,765,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	34,180	17,550	16,630	14.4	14.9	14.0	6,012,795	3,086,510	2,926,285	16.3	16.9	15.6
0 to 4 years	10,185	5,180	5,000	4.3	4.4	4.2	1,831,195	938,790	892,405	5.0	5.2	4.8
5 to 9 years	11,705	5,975	5,735	4.9	5.1	4.8	2,054,900	1,054,240	1,000,655	5.6	5.8	5.3
10 to 14 years	12,290	6,395	5,895	5.2	5.4	5.0	2,126,705	1,093,480	1,033,225	5.7	6.0	5.5
15 to 64 years	145,170	72,530	72,640	61.3	61.5	61.1	23,957,760	11,915,050	12,042,710	64.8	65.4	64.2
15 to 19 years	11,425	5,980	5,445	4.8	5.1	4.6	2,012,975	1,036,730	976,240	5.4	5.7	5.2
20 to 24 years	11,590	6,110	5,475	4.9	5.2	4.6	2,202,255	1,138,825	1,063,430	6.0	6.2	5.7
25 to 29 years	13,345	6,925	6,420	5.6	5.9	5.4	2,421,510	1,228,135	1,193,370	6.5	6.7	6.4
30 to 34 years	14,390	7,260	7,130	6.1	6.2	6.0	2,518,835	1,252,795	1,266,040	6.8	6.9	6.7
35 to 39 years	14,625	7,310	7,310	6.2	6.2	6.2	2,511,345	1,238,515	1,272,835	6.8	6.8	6.8
40 to 44 years	13,300	6,615	6,685	5.6	5.6	5.6	2,399,405	1,175,875	1,223,530	6.5	6.5	6.5
45 to 49 years	13,200	6,590	6,615	5.6	5.6	5.6	2,304,170	1,129,185	1,174,985	6.2	6.2	6.3
50 to 54 years	14,840	7,220	7,620	6.3	6.1	6.4	2,368,350	1,161,665	1,206,685	6.4	6.4	6.4
55 to 59 years	17,995	8,625	9,365	7.6	7.3	7.9	2,647,330	1,299,975	1,347,350	7.2	7.1	7.2
60 to 64 years	20,465	9,885	10,580	8.6	8.4	8.9	2,571,580	1,253,335	1,318,245	7.0	6.9	7.0
65 years and over	57,440	27,920	29,520	24.3	23.7	24.9	7,021,430	3,224,680	3,796,750	19.0	17.7	20.2
65 to 69 years	18,715	9,235	9,485	7.9	7.8	8.0	2,210,970	1,065,305	1,145,665	6.0	5.8	6.1
70 to 74 years	15,565	7,815	7,750	6.6	6.6	6.5	1,847,585	879,850	967,735	5.0	4.8	5.2
75 to 79 years	10,415	5,165	5,255	4.4	4.4	4.4	1,260,930	589,090	671,845	3.4	3.2	3.6
80 to 84 years	6,625	3,170	3,460	2.8	2.7	2.9	840,545	370,905	469,645	2.3	2.0	2.5
85 years and over	6,115	2,540	3,580	2.6	2.2	3.0	861,395	319,540	541,860	2.3	1.8	2.9
85 to 89 years	3,920	1,745	2,180	1.7	1.5	1.8	525,445	212,735	312,705	1.4	1.2	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,715	670	1,045	0.7	0.6	0.9	258,035	87,300	170,735	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	415	115	305	0.2	0.1	0.3	68,380	17,670	50,715	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,535	1,830	7,710	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.4	14.9	14.0	14.4	14.9	14.0	16.3	16.9	15.6	16.3	16.9	15.6
15 to 64 years	61.3	61.5	61.1	61.3	61.5	61.1	64.8	65.4	64.2	64.8	65.4	64.2
65 years and over	24.3	23.7	24.9	24.3	23.7	24.9	19.0	17.7	20.2	19.0	17.7	20.2
85 years and over	2.6	2.2	3.0	2.6	2.2	3.0	2.3	1.8	2.9	2.3	1.8	2.9
Average age of the population	45.1	44.4	45.8	45.1	44.4	45.8	41.9	41.0	42.8	41.9	41.0	42.8
Median age of the population	47.2	46.0	48.4	47.2	46.0	48.4	41.6	40.4	42.8	41.6	40.4	42.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	64,485	...	...	64.3	...	...	7,872,310	...	...	52.6	...	...
Semi-detached house	4,745	...	...	4.7	...	...	746,560	...	...	5.0	...	...
Row house	6,160	...	...	6.1	...	...	980,110	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	5,825	...	...	5.8	...	...	821,490	...	...	5.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	10,755	...	...	10.7	...	...	2,738,020	...	...	18.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	920	...	...	0.9	...	...	1,596,155	...	...	10.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	250	...	...	0.2	...	...	34,880	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	7,195	...	...	7.2	...	...	189,420	...	...	1.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	28,790	...	...	28.7	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	29.3	...	...
2 persons	40,575	...	...	40.4	...	...	5,124,800	...	...	34.2	...	...
3 persons	13,255	...	...	13.2	...	...	2,194,825	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	11,130	...	...	11.1	...	...	2,002,455	...	...	13.4	...	...
5 or more persons	6,580	...	...	6.6	...	...	1,260,850	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	202,610	100,450	102,160	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,979,185	15,139,730	15,839,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	120,270	60,030	60,235	59.4	59.8	59.0	17,626,005	8,813,405	8,812,595	56.9	58.2	55.6
Married	93,905	46,880	47,030	46.3	46.7	46.0	13,725,625	6,859,755	6,865,875	44.3	45.3	43.3
Living common-law	26,365	13,155	13,210	13.0	13.1	12.9	3,900,375	1,953,650	1,946,725	12.6	12.9	12.3
Living common law - Never married	18,130	9,125	9,005	8.9	9.1	8.8	2,967,665	1,485,985	1,481,685	9.6	9.8	9.4
Living common law - Separated	1,345	675	670	0.7	0.7	0.7	123,830	65,045	58,785	0.4	0.4	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	6,100	3,040	3,060	3.0	3.0	3.0	721,715	365,760	355,950	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	795	315	475	0.4	0.3	0.5	87,165	36,860	50,300	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	82,340	40,420	41,920	40.6	40.2	41.0	13,353,180	6,326,325	7,026,860	43.1	41.8	44.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	49,545	28,140	21,410	24.5	28.0	21.0	9,025,865	4,881,410	4,144,455	29.1	32.2	26.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	6,040	2,785	3,250	3.0	2.8	3.2	741,135	319,045	422,090	2.4	2.1	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	14,310	6,475	7,835	7.1	6.4	7.7	1,921,880	760,425	1,161,460	6.2	5.0	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	12,450	3,025	9,430	6.1	3.0	9.2	1,664,295	365,440	1,298,855	5.4	2.4	8.2
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	68,620	...	...	100.0	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	42,310	...	...	61.7	...	...	5,306,105	...	...	51.7	...	...
3 persons	12,025	...	...	17.5	...	...	2,147,825	...	...	20.9	...	...
4 persons	10,180	...	...	14.8	...	...	1,953,035	...	...	19.0	...	...
5 or more persons	4,105	...	...	6.0	...	...	855,960	...	...	8.3	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	68,625	...	...	100.0	...	...	10,262,925	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	58,565	...	...	85.3	...	...	8,576,585	...	...	83.6	...	...
Married couples	45,390	...	...	66.1	...	...	6,627,310	...	...	64.6	...	...
With children⁶	18,085	...	...	26.4	...	...	3,481,775	...	...	33.9	...	...
Without children	27,305	...	...	39.8	...	...	3,145,535	...	...	30.6	...	...
Common-law couples	13,175	...	...	19.2	...	...	1,949,275	...	...	19.0	...	...
With children⁶	4,605	...	...	6.7	...	...	808,645	...	...	7.9	...	...
Without children	8,575	...	...	12.5	...	...	1,140,630	...	...	11.1	...	...
Total one-parent families	10,055	...	...	14.7	...	...	1,686,340	...	...	16.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	7,505	...	...	10.9	...	...	1,302,670	...	...	12.7	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,545	...	...	3.7	...	...	383,670	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	183,340	91,270	92,070	79.5	79.3	79.6	29,478,475	14,616,850	14,861,625	81.1	81.5	80.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	117,130	58,490	58,640	50.8	50.8	50.7	17,153,165	8,577,610	8,575,560	47.2	47.8	46.6
Parents in one-parent families	10,055	2,550	7,510	4.4	2.2	6.5	1,686,340	383,675	1,302,670	4.6	2.1	7.1
Children⁶	56,160	30,230	25,925	24.3	26.3	22.4	10,638,965	5,655,570	4,983,400	29.3	31.5	27.1
In a two-parent family	41,140	21,815	19,330	17.8	19.0	16.7	8,024,590	4,238,785	3,785,805	22.1	23.6	20.6
In a one-parent family	15,015	8,420	6,595	6.5	7.3	5.7	2,614,375	1,416,785	1,197,595	7.2	7.9	6.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	47,360	23,815	23,545	20.5	20.7	20.4	6,850,005	3,320,385	3,529,620	18.9	18.5	19.2
Living alone	28,790	13,975	14,815	12.5	12.1	12.8	4,396,015	2,048,495	2,347,520	12.1	11.4	12.8
Living with other relatives⁷	5,850	2,645	3,215	2.5	2.3	2.8	927,345	393,085	534,260	2.6	2.2	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	12,720	7,195	5,520	5.5	6.3	4.8	1,526,645	878,800	647,840	4.2	4.9	3.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,945	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	59,255	...	...	59.1	...	...	8,932,695	...	...	59.6	...	...
Couple-family households	51,920	...	...	51.7	...	...	7,627,195	...	...	50.9	...	...
With children⁶	19,860	...	...	19.8	...	...	3,789,795	...	...	25.3	...	...
Without children	32,055	...	...	31.9	...	...	3,837,400	...	...	25.6	...	...
One-parent-family households	7,335	...	...	7.3	...	...	1,305,500	...	...	8.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,435	...	...	2.4	...	...	441,745	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	745	...	...	0.7	...	...	94,235	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	4,130	...	...	4.1	...	...	450,415	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,960	...	...	4.9	...	...	663,835	...	...	4.4	...	...
One-person households	28,790	...	...	28.7	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	29.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	196,610	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	191,710	95,230	96,480	97.5	97.6	97.4	29,241,810	14,316,155	14,925,660	96.4	96.3	96.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,200	46,800	33,600	39,200	46,800	33,600	41,200	46,400	36,800	41,200	46,400	36,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	191,790	95,280	96,510	97.5	97.6	97.5	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,425	96.4	96.4	96.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,000	42,400	31,400	36,000	42,400	31,400	36,800	40,800	33,600	36,800	40,800	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	168,760	85,540	83,215	85.8	87.7	84.0	26,045,500	13,010,250	13,035,250	85.9	87.5	84.2
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	41,600	25,200	32,400	41,600	25,200	35,200	42,400	29,200	35,200	42,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	128,675	66,880	61,800	65.4	68.5	62.4	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,130	69.6	73.4	66.1
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	44,800	28,200	35,200	44,800	28,200	37,200	43,200	32,000	37,200	43,200	32,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	162,525	76,940	85,585	82.7	78.8	86.4	25,401,740	12,065,555	13,336,180	83.7	81.2	86.2
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	12,000	12,100	12,000	12,000	12,100	9,800	8,500	11,000	9,800	8,500	11,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,745	10,730	10,015	10.6	11.0	10.1	3,185,840	1,548,250	1,637,590	10.5	10.4	10.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,560	5,640	5,480	5,560	5,640	5,480	5,720	5,760	5,720	5,720	5,760	5,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	46,710	22,850	23,865	23.8	23.4	24.1	8,373,550	4,140,705	4,232,845	27.6	27.9	27.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	191,860	95,235	96,625	97.5	97.5	97.5	29,242,935	14,316,595	14,926,335	96.4	96.3	96.5
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,760	58,650	41,040	49,760	58,650	41,040	54,450	62,650	46,560	54,450	62,650	46,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	191,920	95,270	96,650	97.5	97.5	97.5	29,257,325	14,324,165	14,933,160	96.4	96.4	96.5
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,960	49,560	36,480	42,960	49,560	36,480	44,920	50,320	39,680	44,920	50,320	39,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	168,605	85,080	83,525	85.7	87.1	84.2	26,047,020	13,011,765	13,035,250	85.9	87.6	84.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,880	54,700	34,800	44,880	54,700	34,800	50,240	59,500	41,000	50,240	59,500	41,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	128,810	66,715	62,090	65.4	68.3	62.6	21,127,690	10,908,965	10,218,725	69.6	73.4	66.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,680	55,000	35,680	45,680	55,000	35,680	50,280	58,050	42,000	50,280	58,050	42,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	162,255	76,830	85,425	82.4	78.7	86.2	25,397,565	12,061,765	13,335,800	83.7	81.2	86.2
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,250	12,080	12,390	12,250	12,080	12,390	11,170	10,180	12,060	11,170	10,180	12,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,960	10,805	10,150	10.6	11.1	10.2	3,179,395	1,544,580	1,634,815	10.5	10.4	10.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,610	6,520	6,710	6,610	6,520	6,710	7,050	6,710	7,370	7,050	6,710	7,370
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	47,010	22,865	24,145	23.9	23.4	24.4	8,346,145	4,128,810	4,217,340	27.5	27.8	27.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,740	8,490	8,980	8,740	8,490	8,980	8,920	8,740	9,100	8,920	8,740	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	54,785	31,030	23,750	27.8	31.8	24.0	9,912,810	5,493,720	4,419,090	32.7	37.0	28.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	62,000	71,500	52,800	62,000	71,500	52,800	63,600	69,000	58,000	63,600	69,000	58,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	69,600	78,800	57,750	69,600	78,800	57,750	77,200	85,400	67,000	77,200	85,400	67,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	54,940	25,960	28,980	27.9	26.6	29.2	8,426,645	3,988,060	4,438,585	27.8	26.8	28.7
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,400	25,600	17,200	20,400	25,600	17,200	18,400	21,000	16,600	18,400	21,000	16,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,720	39,920	24,380	31,720	39,920	24,380	29,160	33,960	24,860	29,160	33,960	24,860
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.2	83.4	73.4	79.2	83.4	73.4	82.2	86.4	76.8	82.2	86.4	76.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	61.6	65.6	55.8	61.6	65.6	55.8	66.8	70.6	61.7	66.8	70.6	61.7
Government transfers (%)²⁰	20.8	16.6	26.7	20.8	16.6	26.7	17.8	13.7	23.1	17.8	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.5	1.3	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.5	4.3	7.1	5.5	4.3	7.1	5.4	4.5	6.6	5.4	4.5	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.3	3.5	5.5	4.3	3.5	5.5	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.7	4.0	5.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	196,615	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	4,900	2,350	2,550	2.5	2.4	2.6	1,094,320	545,400	548,915	3.6	3.7	3.5
With total income	191,715	95,230	96,480	97.5	97.6	97.4	29,241,815	14,316,150	14,925,660	96.4	96.3	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	16,580	6,850	9,730	8.6	7.2	10.1	2,434,730	1,058,420	1,376,310	8.3	7.4	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	24,400	9,530	14,865	12.7	10.0	15.4	3,448,185	1,445,240	2,002,945	11.8	10.1	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	31,215	13,225	17,990	16.3	13.9	18.6	4,635,650	2,018,080	2,617,570	15.9	14.1	17.5
$30,000 to $39,999	25,700	11,180	14,520	13.4	11.7	15.0	3,723,680	1,648,300	2,075,375	12.7	11.5	13.9
$40,000 to $49,999	21,495	9,765	11,730	11.2	10.3	12.2	3,290,715	1,529,960	1,760,755	11.3	10.7	11.8
$50,000 to $59,999	17,100	8,490	8,610	8.9	8.9	8.9	2,677,465	1,302,135	1,375,330	9.2	9.1	9.2
$60,000 to $69,999	13,120	7,435	5,685	6.8	7.8	5.9	2,073,335	1,086,545	986,795	7.1	7.6	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	9,900	6,120	3,780	5.2	6.4	3.9	1,592,465	887,985	704,480	5.4	6.2	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	7,775	4,950	2,820	4.1	5.2	2.9	1,239,395	708,430	530,965	4.2	4.9	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	5,925	3,800	2,125	3.1	4.0	2.2	965,950	553,435	412,510	3.3	3.9	2.8
$100,000 and over	18,505	13,880	4,625	9.7	14.6	4.8	3,160,245	2,077,620	1,082,625	10.8	14.5	7.3
$100,000 to $149,999	13,470	9,925	3,545	7.0	10.4	3.7	2,102,630	1,319,110	783,520	7.2	9.2	5.2
$150,000 and over	5,040	3,955	1,080	2.6	4.2	1.1	1,057,615	758,510	299,105	3.6	5.3	2.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	196,615	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	4,825	2,305	2,520	2.5	2.4	2.5	1,079,955	537,800	542,155	3.6	3.6	3.5
With after-tax income	191,785	95,280	96,510	97.5	97.6	97.5	29,256,180	14,323,750	14,932,430	96.4	96.4	96.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	17,320	7,080	10,235	9.0	7.4	10.6	2,561,695	1,100,975	1,460,725	8.8	7.7	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	25,175	9,855	15,325	13.1	10.3	15.9	3,608,250	1,521,395	2,086,855	12.3	10.6	14.0
$20,000 to $29,999	34,825	14,755	20,075	18.2	15.5	20.8	5,294,505	2,321,660	2,972,845	18.1	16.2	19.9
$30,000 to $39,999	29,300	13,020	16,285	15.3	13.7	16.9	4,442,970	2,035,725	2,407,250	15.2	14.2	16.1
$40,000 to $49,999	23,910	11,475	12,435	12.5	12.0	12.9	3,798,710	1,839,700	1,959,005	13.0	12.8	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	18,070	9,910	8,160	9.4	10.4	8.5	2,833,120	1,471,200	1,361,920	9.7	10.3	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	12,935	7,990	4,945	6.7	8.4	5.1	2,020,895	1,114,110	906,790	6.9	7.8	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	9,465	6,065	3,400	4.9	6.4	3.5	1,428,520	814,645	613,875	4.9	5.7	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	6,775	4,585	2,190	3.5	4.8	2.3	1,027,015	592,405	434,605	3.5	4.1	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	4,530	3,255	1,280	2.4	3.4	1.3	643,700	402,325	241,380	2.2	2.8	1.6
$100,000 and over	9,475	7,285	2,195	4.9	7.6	2.3	1,596,790	1,109,610	487,185	5.5	7.7	3.3
$100,000 to $124,999	5,545	4,265	1,280	2.9	4.5	1.3	792,455	530,970	261,490	2.7	3.7	1.8
$125,000 and over	3,935	3,020	915	2.1	3.2	0.9	804,335	578,645	225,695	2.7	4.0	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	196,615	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,130	14,861,555	15,474,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	67,935	30,705	37,235	34.6	31.5	37.6	9,208,520	3,955,070	5,253,450	30.4	26.6	33.9
With employment income	128,680	66,880	61,795	65.4	68.5	62.4	21,127,615	10,906,485	10,221,125	69.6	73.4	66.1
Under $5,000 (including loss)	19,825	9,355	10,475	15.4	14.0	16.9	2,951,135	1,446,185	1,504,955	14.0	13.3	14.7
$5,000 to $9,999	10,065	4,415	5,650	7.8	6.6	9.1	1,739,570	765,825	973,750	8.2	7.0	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	15,530	6,710	8,820	12.1	10.0	14.3	2,498,120	1,128,310	1,369,810	11.8	10.3	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	12,725	5,515	7,220	9.9	8.2	11.7	1,960,665	902,615	1,058,050	9.3	8.3	10.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,035	5,160	6,875	9.4	7.7	11.1	1,903,100	899,905	1,003,190	9.0	8.3	9.8
$40,000 to $49,999	10,615	4,840	5,775	8.2	7.2	9.3	1,859,845	899,795	960,055	8.8	8.3	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	9,485	4,615	4,870	7.4	6.9	7.9	1,640,805	842,030	798,780	7.8	7.7	7.8
$60,000 to $69,999	7,965	4,705	3,265	6.2	7.0	5.3	1,367,510	754,825	612,685	6.5	6.9	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	6,495	4,090	2,405	5.1	6.1	3.9	1,099,625	637,060	462,570	5.2	5.8	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	5,610	3,625	1,985	4.4	5.4	3.2	929,490	539,395	390,095	4.4	4.9	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	4,515	3,000	1,520	3.5	4.5	2.5	760,035	439,505	320,530	3.6	4.0	3.1
$100,000 and over	13,805	10,865	2,940	10.7	16.2	4.8	2,417,710	1,651,040	766,670	11.4	15.1	7.5
$100,000 to $124,999	7,075	5,305	1,770	5.5	7.9	2.9	1,129,445	714,235	415,210	5.3	6.5	4.1
$125,000 and over	6,730	5,560	1,165	5.2	8.3	1.9	1,288,265	936,805	351,460	6.1	8.6	3.4
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	196,610	97,580	99,030	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,336,135	14,861,555	15,474,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	187,310	92,950	94,360	95.3	95.3	95.3	28,598,395	13,976,715	14,621,680	94.3	94.0	94.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	46,800	30,400	37,200	46,800	30,400	39,200	45,200	34,000	39,200	45,200	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	187,765	93,010	94,755	95.5	95.3	95.7	28,617,610	13,979,960	14,637,655	94.3	94.1	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,600	28,200	33,600	41,600	28,200	35,200	40,000	31,200	35,200	40,000	31,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	168,095	85,050	83,045	85.5	87.2	83.9	25,708,470	12,830,580	12,877,890	84.7	86.3	83.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	43,600	26,200	33,600	43,600	26,200	36,800	44,000	30,800	36,800	44,000	30,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	135,050	69,770	65,280	68.7	71.5	65.9	21,241,445	10,932,825	10,308,625	70.0	73.6	66.6
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	44,400	27,400	34,400	44,400	27,400	38,000	44,400	32,800	38,000	44,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	135,125	60,710	74,415	68.7	62.2	75.1	23,196,815	10,876,635	12,320,175	76.5	73.2	79.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,300	9,900	8,800	9,300	9,900	8,800	4,240	1,960	6,450	4,240	1,960	6,450
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	17,805	9,385	8,415	9.1	9.6	8.5	2,428,800	1,182,025	1,246,770	8.0	8.0	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,640	5,680	5,520	5,640	5,680	5,520	5,720	5,560	5,960	5,720	5,560	5,960
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	187,205	92,850	94,355	95.1	95.1	95.2	28,599,665	13,976,240	14,623,425	94.3	94.0	94.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,160	58,050	38,440	48,160	58,050	38,440	52,350	61,250	43,800	52,350	61,250	43,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	187,560	92,890	94,665	95.3	95.1	95.5	28,618,280	13,979,265	14,639,015	94.3	94.1	94.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,920	48,400	33,600	40,920	48,400	33,600	42,920	49,000	37,160	42,920	49,000	37,160
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,790	84,610	83,185	85.3	86.6	83.9	25,709,140	12,829,990	12,879,155	84.7	86.3	83.2
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,720	56,250	34,960	45,720	56,250	34,960	51,040	60,800	41,320	51,040	60,800	41,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	134,565	69,415	65,150	68.4	71.1	65.7	21,242,575	10,934,760	10,307,815	70.0	73.6	66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,720	54,550	34,240	44,720	54,550	34,240	50,560	58,800	41,800	50,560	58,800	41,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	135,055	60,525	74,525	68.6	62.0	75.2	23,191,860	10,869,800	12,322,065	76.5	73.1	79.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,990	10,400	9,650	9,990	10,400	9,650	7,950	6,990	8,800	7,950	6,990	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,085	9,475	8,610	9.2	9.7	8.7	2,430,165	1,181,385	1,248,780	8.0	7.9	8.1
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,800	7,280	7,030	6,800	7,280	7,560	6,880	8,210	7,560	6,880	8,210
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	196,810	97,670	99,140	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	54,230	30,715	23,515	27.6	31.4	23.7	9,831,805	5,446,500	4,385,305	32.4	36.6	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	69,500	49,200	58,800	69,500	49,200	60,000	66,000	53,600	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,300	76,200	53,300	66,300	76,200	53,300	73,200	81,900	62,250	73,200	81,900	62,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	51,845	24,595	27,255	26.3	25.2	27.5	7,934,985	3,759,675	4,175,305	26.2	25.3	27.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	33,600	21,800	26,000	33,600	21,800	24,200	28,000	21,800	24,200	28,000	21,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,160	46,960	28,360	37,160	46,960	28,360	35,200	41,280	29,720	35,200	41,280	29,720
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.0	88.4	80.2	85.0	88.4	80.2	87.6	91.2	83.0	87.6	91.2	83.0
Employment income (%)	66.8	70.2	61.5	66.8	70.2	61.5	71.8	75.0	67.2	71.8	75.0	67.2
Government transfers (%)	15.0	11.7	19.8	15.0	11.7	19.8	12.3	8.9	16.9	12.3	8.9	16.9
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.2	1.0	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	100,330	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	28,790	...	...	...	...	...	4,396,015	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...	41,600	...	...	41,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,200	...	...	35,200	...	...	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	71,540	...	...	...	...	...	10,582,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	100,385	...	...	...	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	95,100	...	...	95,100	...	...	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	82,200	...	...	82,200	...	...	87,700	...	...	87,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	28,760	...	...	...	...	...	4,394,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,800	...	...	48,800	...	...	53,350	...	...	53,350	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,440	...	...	42,440	...	...	44,360	...	...	44,360	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	71,625	...	...	...	...	...	10,584,445	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,700	...	...	113,700	...	...	128,200	...	...	128,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,100	...	...	98,100	...	...	105,700	...	...	105,700	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,125	...	...	1.1	...	...	165,175	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	465	...	...	0.5	...	...	91,750	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	930	...	...	0.9	...	...	178,475	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,425	...	...	2.4	...	...	274,140	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,630	...	...	4.6	...	...	637,695	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,590	...	...	3.6	...	...	505,875	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,600	...	...	3.6	...	...	488,735	...	...	3.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,310	...	...	4.3	...	...	560,950	...	...	3.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,185	...	...	4.2	...	...	572,650	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,025	...	...	4.0	...	...	559,155	...	...	3.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,020	...	...	8.0	...	...	1,093,185	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,305	...	...	7.3	...	...	1,044,715	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,715	...	...	6.7	...	...	986,460	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,215	...	...	6.2	...	...	921,205	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,520	...	...	5.5	...	...	844,835	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	37,255	...	...	37.1	...	...	6,053,945	...	...	40.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,540	...	...	11.5	...	...	1,753,485	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,580	...	...	8.6	...	...	1,283,445	...	...	8.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	9,900	...	...	9.9	...	...	1,545,935	...	...	10.3	...	...
$200,000 and over	7,240	...	...	7.2	...	...	1,471,075	...	...	9.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	100,330	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,250	...	...	1.2	...	...	186,735	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	485	...	...	0.5	...	...	95,195	...	...	0.6	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	960	...	...	1.0	...	...	183,430	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	2,495	...	...	2.5	...	...	289,545	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	4,840	...	...	4.8	...	...	681,900	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	4,030	...	...	4.0	...	...	589,110	...	...	3.9	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	4,210	...	...	4.2	...	...	582,275	...	...	3.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,770	...	...	4.8	...	...	666,675	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,660	...	...	4.6	...	...	676,995	...	...	4.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,540	...	...	4.5	...	...	655,100	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	9,170	...	...	9.1	...	...	1,285,425	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,350	...	...	8.3	...	...	1,223,830	...	...	8.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,685	...	...	7.7	...	...	1,137,840	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,875	...	...	6.9	...	...	1,039,375	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,145	...	...	6.1	...	...	911,515	...	...	6.1	...	...
$100,000 and over	29,860	...	...	29.8	...	...	4,773,995	...	...	31.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,820	...	...	11.8	...	...	1,757,035	...	...	11.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,605	...	...	7.6	...	...	1,152,855	...	...	7.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	10,440	...	...	10.4	...	...	1,864,100	...	...	12.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	67,915	...	...	...	...	...	10,117,305	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	33,320	...	...	...	...	...	3,929,500	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,000	...	...	76,000	...	...	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	22,990	...	...	...	...	...	4,311,315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	133,000	...	...	133,000	...	...	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	9,205	...	...	...	...	...	1,547,920	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	61,200	...	...	61,200	...	...	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	41,510	21,170	20,335	...	...	...	5,922,660	2,927,295	2,995,365	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	38,800	34,000	36,000	38,800	34,000	38,400	40,000	36,800	38,400	40,000	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	35,600	31,800	33,600	35,600	31,800	34,800	36,000	33,600	34,800	36,000	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	67,920	...	...	...	...	...	10,113,100	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	112,700	...	...	112,700	...	...	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...	105,600	...	...	105,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	33,270	...	...	...	...	...	3,926,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...	112,500	...	...	112,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	86,100	...	...	86,100	...	...	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	23,085	...	...	...	...	...	4,318,755	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,800	...	...	145,800	...	...	160,600	...	...	160,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	123,800	...	...	123,800	...	...	130,600	...	...	130,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,135	...	...	...	...	...	1,539,580	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,000	...	...	75,000	...	...	82,300	...	...	82,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,900	...	...	67,900	...	...	71,800	...	...	71,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	41,420	21,095	20,330	...	...	...	5,916,895	2,916,490	3,000,405	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,720	49,080	42,280	45,720	49,080	42,280	49,440	52,050	46,880	49,440	52,050	46,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,000	42,240	37,640	40,000	42,240	37,640	41,560	43,080	40,120	41,560	43,080	40,120
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	41,085	21,135	19,945	17.8	18.4	17.3	7,196,545	3,696,540	3,500,005	19.8	20.6	19.0
0 to 5 years	12,435	6,345	6,095	5.4	5.5	5.3	2,225,085	1,140,315	1,084,775	6.1	6.4	5.9
18 to 64 years	135,845	67,420	68,425	58.9	58.6	59.2	22,545,065	11,159,405	11,385,665	62.1	62.2	61.9
65 years and over	53,775	26,520	27,250	23.3	23.0	23.6	6,586,865	3,081,285	3,505,580	18.1	17.2	19.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	26,130	12,475	13,655	...	...	...	4,016,065	1,881,305	2,134,765	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	4,695	2,460	2,235	...	...	...	854,565	439,490	415,075	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,465	770	695	...	...	...	282,315	144,250	138,065	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	13,530	6,590	6,940	...	...	...	2,175,755	1,050,115	1,125,640	...	...	...
65 years and over	7,900	3,420	4,475	...	...	...	985,745	391,695	594,050	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.3	10.8	11.8	11.3	10.8	11.8	11.1	10.5	11.6	11.1	10.5	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.4	11.6	11.2	11.4	11.6	11.2	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9	11.9
0 to 5 years (%)	11.8	12.1	11.5	11.8	12.1	11.5	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7	12.7
18 to 64 years (%)	10.0	9.8	10.1	10.0	9.8	10.1	9.7	9.4	9.9	9.7	9.4	9.9
65 years and over (%)	14.7	12.9	16.4	14.7	12.9	16.4	15.0	12.7	16.9	15.0	12.7	16.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	218,960	109,130	109,825	100.0	100.0	100.0	35,837,970	17,691,535	18,146,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	38,915	20,030	18,880	17.8	18.4	17.2	7,043,545	3,618,040	3,425,505	19.7	20.5	18.9
0 to 5 years	11,860	6,035	5,825	5.4	5.5	5.3	2,175,935	1,115,010	1,060,925	6.1	6.3	5.8
18 to 64 years	128,785	63,830	64,955	58.8	58.5	59.1	22,262,940	11,019,070	11,243,865	62.1	62.3	62.0
65 years and over	51,265	25,275	25,990	23.4	23.2	23.7	6,531,490	3,054,420	3,477,065	18.2	17.3	19.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	7,345	3,850	3,495	...	...	...	1,863,335	950,150	913,180	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,155	610	545	...	...	...	319,545	164,490	155,060	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	320	170	155	...	...	...	99,435	50,875	48,560	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,545	2,955	2,590	...	...	...	1,344,640	702,660	641,975	...	...	...
65 years and over	640	280	360	...	...	...	199,155	83,010	116,145	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.4	3.5	3.2	3.4	3.5	3.2	5.2	5.4	5.0	5.2	5.4	5.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.1	2.9	3.0	3.1	2.9	4.5	4.6	4.5	4.5	4.6	4.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.7	2.8	2.6	2.7	2.8	2.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6	4.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.6	4.0	4.3	4.6	4.0	6.0	6.4	5.7	6.0	6.4	5.7
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.1	1.4	1.3	1.1	1.4	3.1	2.7	3.3	3.1	2.7	3.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	230,705	115,085	115,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,230	18,391,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	118,960	57,855	61,105	51.6	50.3	52.8	18,164,550	8,775,210	9,389,345	50.0	48.9	51.1
In bottom decile	24,610	12,060	12,550	10.7	10.5	10.9	3,632,735	1,759,660	1,873,070	10.0	9.8	10.2
In second decile	24,555	11,520	13,030	10.6	10.0	11.3	3,632,975	1,695,310	1,937,660	10.0	9.5	10.5
In third decile	24,030	11,650	12,380	10.4	10.1	10.7	3,632,895	1,752,160	1,880,735	10.0	9.8	10.2
In fourth decile	22,910	11,235	11,675	9.9	9.8	10.1	3,632,745	1,775,535	1,857,210	10.0	9.9	10.1
In fifth decile	22,860	11,390	11,470	9.9	9.9	9.9	3,633,205	1,792,540	1,840,670	10.0	10.0	10.0
In top half of the distribution	111,745	57,225	54,515	48.4	49.7	47.2	18,163,925	9,162,020	9,001,900	50.0	51.1	48.9
In sixth decile	22,850	11,485	11,360	9.9	10.0	9.8	3,632,910	1,810,370	1,822,535	10.0	10.1	9.9
In seventh decile	23,240	11,780	11,465	10.1	10.2	9.9	3,632,765	1,819,535	1,813,230	10.0	10.1	9.9
In eighth decile	23,030	11,730	11,300	10.0	10.2	9.8	3,632,555	1,829,025	1,803,530	10.0	10.2	9.8
In ninth decile	23,595	12,280	11,320	10.2	10.7	9.8	3,632,930	1,841,520	1,791,415	10.0	10.3	9.7
In top decile	19,020	9,950	9,070	8.2	8.6	7.8	3,632,765	1,861,575	1,771,195	10.0	10.4	9.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	230,705	...	...	230,705	...	...	36,328,475	...	...	36,328,475	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.316	...	...	0.316	...	...	0.347	...	...	0.347	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.440	...	...	0.440	...	...	0.462	...	...	0.462	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.282	...	...	0.282	...	...	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	221,295	111,010	110,285	94.6	95.1	94.1	25,261,655	12,620,855	12,640,800	69.0	69.9	68.1
French only	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,087,895	1,914,500	2,173,390	11.2	10.6	11.7
English and French	11,850	5,375	6,470	5.1	4.6	5.5	6,581,680	3,244,350	3,337,330	18.0	18.0	18.0
Neither English nor French	740	315	425	0.3	0.3	0.4	689,725	284,170	405,555	1.9	1.6	2.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	230,655	115,075	115,580	98.6	98.6	98.6	27,643,140	13,696,115	13,947,025	75.5	75.8	75.2
French	2,345	1,235	1,110	1.0	1.1	0.9	7,828,545	3,854,435	3,974,110	21.4	21.3	21.4
English and French	250	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	476,175	237,635	238,535	1.3	1.3	1.3
Neither English nor French	675	280	395	0.3	0.2	0.3	673,100	275,685	397,420	1.8	1.5	2.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	230,325	114,995	115,335	98.5	98.5	98.4	35,145,265	17,344,665	17,800,600	96.0	96.0	95.9
Official languages	212,150	106,240	105,910	90.7	91.0	90.4	27,296,445	13,583,930	13,712,510	74.5	75.2	73.9
English	209,500	104,845	104,650	89.6	89.8	89.3	20,107,200	10,036,360	10,070,835	54.9	55.6	54.3
French	2,655	1,395	1,260	1.1	1.2	1.1	7,189,245	3,547,565	3,641,675	19.6	19.6	19.6
Non-official languages	18,175	8,755	9,420	7.8	7.5	8.0	7,848,820	3,760,725	4,088,090	21.4	20.8	22.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,100	530	565	0.5	0.5	0.5	148,895	71,630	77,265	0.4	0.4	0.4
Algonquian languages	75	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,125	46,545	50,580	0.3	0.3	0.3
Blackfoot	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,180	1,340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	67,665	32,715	34,950	0.2	0.2	0.2
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,500	2,825	2,670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,070	25,645	27,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	300	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,460	1,675	1,785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,475	1,075	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,025	2,345	2,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,850	1,370	1,480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,535	18,810	19,725	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,465	3,930	4,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	310	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,155	2,415	2,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,910	2,290	2,620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	125	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,775	10,230	11,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	865	400	460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,310	4,525	4,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,605	5,300	6,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	235	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	850	1,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,185	4,190	4,995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	455	210	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	12,885	6,200	6,680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	455	210	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	12,785	6,155	6,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	625	280	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,060	3,865	4,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	70	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,505	755	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	400	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	120	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	440	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,390	725	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	420	190	230	0.2	0.2	0.2	465	210	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	40	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,790	16,480	17,315	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	220	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	140	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	85	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,200	16,240	16,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	355	150	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	115	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	220	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	525	260	270	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,095	520	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	180	100	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	225	105	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	265	125	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	185	80	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,040	485	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	245	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	180	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	515	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	590	300	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	155	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	180	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	70	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	95	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	180	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,080	8,225	8,860	7.3	7.0	7.6	7,699,925	3,689,100	4,010,830	21.0	20.4	21.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	235	140	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	698,355	359,625	338,730	1.9	2.0	1.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,490	14,715	12,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,760	13,130	11,625	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,340	1,365	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	225	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,985	1,085	905	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	740	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	675	340	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	510	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	49,410	23,275	26,135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,020	1,085	935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,905	3,015	2,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,730	18,775	21,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	400	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	235	135	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	618,450	320,045	298,405	1.7	1.8	1.6
Amharic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,685	12,090	13,600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	210	120	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	508,410	265,350	243,060	1.4	1.5	1.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,690	13,465	14,220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,220	8,320	8,900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,860	4,335	4,525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,600	805	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	550	675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,495	10,505	8,995	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,425	2,080	2,340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,075	15,775	15,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	450	235	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	275	125	150	0.1	0.1	0.1	192,985	87,230	105,750	0.5	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,525	8,820	10,705	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	250	115	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	173,000	78,180	94,820	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	230	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,075	380	700	0.5	0.3	0.6	565,375	238,875	326,500	1.5	1.3	1.8
Bikol	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,115	940	1,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,215	3,425	4,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,945	7,800	11,145	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	605	325	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,690	3,900	5,795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,520	14,140	19,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,910	4,990	6,920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,100	465	640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	275	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,085	990	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,245	580	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	415	425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	570	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,615	2,635	2,980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,050	900	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	875	305	570	0.4	0.3	0.5	461,150	194,805	266,345	1.3	1.1	1.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	690	935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,740	2,035	2,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,235	35,650	42,580	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,435	23,355	29,085	0.1	0.1	0.2
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	600	315	290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	365	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,125	3,015	3,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	280	300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,550	7,325	8,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,000	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	225	140	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	244,165	125,180	118,990	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kannada	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,240	3,215	3,020	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	120	75	45	0.1	0.1	0.0	54,050	29,375	24,670	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	152,850	75,010	77,845	0.4	0.4	0.4
Telugu	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,045	17,095	12,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	310	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	170	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,180	1,175	1,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	565	265	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,500	6,195	6,305	5.3	5.3	5.4	4,124,860	2,018,340	2,106,520	11.3	11.2	11.4
Albanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	29,265	14,690	14,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,720	16,335	17,385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,720	785	935	0.7	0.7	0.8	648,810	297,100	351,710	1.8	1.6	1.9
Baltic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,560	4,425	6,135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,430	1,875	2,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,130	2,555	3,580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,700	780	920	0.7	0.7	0.8	638,250	292,670	345,580	1.7	1.6	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	325	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,035	9,090	9,950	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	20,025	9,215	10,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,795	7,075	7,720	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	375	185	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	160,170	72,120	88,050	0.4	0.4	0.5
Russian	390	160	230	0.2	0.1	0.2	197,905	89,100	108,800	0.5	0.5	0.6
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	500	240	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	245	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	116,735	56,900	59,835	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,820	6,785	7,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	43,500	20,755	22,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,425	28,410	29,015	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,995	945	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,255	6,930	8,320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,965	3,425	4,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	355	155	200	0.2	0.1	0.2	84,705	38,005	46,695	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	235	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,150	1,110	1,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	355	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	210	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	410	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	135	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	4,770	2,300	2,470	2.0	2.0	2.1	463,400	221,365	242,035	1.3	1.2	1.3
Frisian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,570	800	775	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	3,325	1,615	1,710	1.4	1.4	1.5	301,570	142,580	158,990	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	3,020	1,455	1,565	1.3	1.2	1.3	272,865	128,250	144,615	0.7	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,065	4,530	4,540	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	305	160	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,575	3,740	3,835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,060	6,060	6,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,100	535	565	0.5	0.5	0.5	138,655	67,815	70,840	0.4	0.4	0.4
Afrikaans	185	95	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,270	6,175	6,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	820	395	430	0.4	0.3	0.4	80,315	39,000	41,310	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,670	4,255	4,420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	650	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,200	16,410	16,785	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,935	1,325	1,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	325	140	185	0.1	0.1	0.2	20,275	9,500	10,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	160	70	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	9,945	4,750	5,195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	430	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,535	1,675	1,860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,890	2,645	3,245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	670	660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	100	65	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	93,335	45,860	47,470	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	3,585	1,955	1,630	1.5	1.7	1.4	1,659,505	847,400	812,105	4.5	4.7	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages	3,435	1,875	1,560	1.5	1.6	1.3	1,358,645	697,075	661,575	3.7	3.9	3.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	195	140	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	87,580	45,160	42,425	0.2	0.3	0.2
Gujarati	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	138,985	73,335	65,655	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hindi	440	280	165	0.2	0.2	0.1	152,825	79,585	73,240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,930	3,100	3,830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	745	395	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,425	1,675	1,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,145	7,330	6,810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,425	11,920	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,775	940	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,125	615	510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	325	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,455	1,265	1,190	1.0	1.1	1.0	666,585	341,515	325,065	1.8	1.9	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,985	2,070	1,915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,000	8,895	9,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	235,290	118,540	116,755	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,865	2,085	1,780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	300,555	150,160	150,390	0.8	0.8	0.8
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	305	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,485	8,770	7,715	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,520	10,170	9,355	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	262,625	130,180	132,440	0.7	0.7	0.7
Dari	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,220	28,070	29,155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	179,425	89,070	90,360	0.5	0.5	0.5
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,975	13,040	12,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	425	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	305	165	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,285	1,070	1,215	1.0	0.9	1.0	1,194,290	574,295	619,995	3.3	3.2	3.3
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	905	470	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,055	525	535	0.5	0.4	0.5	319,505	154,295	165,205	0.9	0.9	0.9
Portuguese	355	160	200	0.2	0.1	0.2	240,680	115,235	125,450	0.7	0.6	0.7
Romanian	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	93,160	44,185	48,975	0.3	0.2	0.3
Spanish	730	315	415	0.3	0.3	0.4	538,870	259,500	279,375	1.5	1.4	1.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,165	610	550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	385	195	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	315	100	215	0.1	0.1	0.2	43,850	14,205	29,650	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	515	255	260	0.2	0.2	0.2	170,400	77,075	93,325	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	800	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	108,295	52,850	55,440	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,120	6,400	6,720	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,855	1,000	860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,685	745	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	1,030	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,520	1,825	1,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	815	400	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,890	885	1,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	320	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,175	2,720	2,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,380	3,365	4,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,260	1,925	2,335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	245	275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	515	260	260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	365	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	920	420	500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,660	4,035	4,625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,605	1,665	1,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	315	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	520	200	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,000	7,630	8,370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,030	495	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,605	2,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,015	7,605	7,410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,000	6,405	6,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,920	3,565	3,355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,865	1,000	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,090	515	570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,395	1,745	1,645	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	575	305	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,955	3,710	3,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,965	2,635	2,335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	990	520	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	555	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,175	555	625	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,309,825	602,025	707,800	3.6	3.3	3.8
Chinese languages	1,160	540	615	0.5	0.5	0.5	1,292,640	593,580	699,055	3.5	3.3	3.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,765	4,420	5,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	650	285	370	0.3	0.2	0.3	679,255	310,750	368,510	1.9	1.7	2.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	665	645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,805	12,415	15,390	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,880	3,995	4,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	435	225	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	553,380	255,540	297,835	1.5	1.4	1.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,610	5,500	6,110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	630	295	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,600	8,160	8,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,305	1,590	1,710	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	400	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,520	2,240	2,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,900	1,940	1,960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	305	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,025	3,475	3,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	445	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	285	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,350	8,605	13,745	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,485	5,475	6,010	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,455	2,960	7,495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	165	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,520	28,385	25,135	0.1	0.2	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,490	2,460	2,030	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	540	230	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,190	23,615	20,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,355	660	690	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,805	890	920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,150	530	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	450	205	240	0.2	0.2	0.2	68,180	31,000	37,180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,485	1,945	2,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	195	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	12,200	5,075	7,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	51,500	23,980	27,525	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,060	540	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	3,600	1,730	1,870	1.5	1.5	1.6	1,475,690	719,210	756,480	4.0	4.0	4.1
English and French	730	350	380	0.3	0.3	0.3	291,325	142,420	148,905	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	2,565	1,240	1,325	1.1	1.1	1.1	921,480	450,685	470,800	2.5	2.5	2.5
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	117,910	57,875	60,040	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,880	25,900	26,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	225	100	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	92,095	42,330	49,765	0.3	0.2	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	215,955	108,025	107,930	92.3	92.6	92.1	20,920,835	10,420,570	10,500,270	57.1	57.7	56.6
French	350	190	160	0.1	0.2	0.1	6,456,960	3,188,280	3,268,685	17.6	17.7	17.6
Non-official language	3,345	1,675	1,675	1.4	1.4	1.4	2,402,180	1,139,865	1,262,315	6.6	6.3	6.8
Indigenous³⁹	210	110	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	50,460	25,385	25,080	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,135	1,565	1,570	1.3	1.3	1.3	2,351,720	1,114,475	1,237,240	6.4	6.2	6.7
English and French	1,595	740	850	0.7	0.6	0.7	953,760	465,560	488,205	2.6	2.6	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	12,070	5,785	6,285	5.2	5.0	5.4	4,835,815	2,350,245	2,485,570	13.2	13.0	13.4
French and non-official language(s)	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	395,320	188,195	207,125	1.1	1.0	1.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	365	175	185	0.2	0.1	0.2	455,760	217,995	237,770	1.2	1.2	1.3
Multiple non-official languages	240	130	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	200,320	93,165	107,155	0.5	0.5	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	231,590	115,600	115,990	99.0	99.0	99.0	35,057,615	17,305,575	17,752,035	95.7	95.8	95.7
Official languages	224,660	112,130	112,530	96.0	96.1	96.0	30,421,050	15,070,205	15,350,850	83.1	83.4	82.7
English	224,095	111,825	112,270	95.8	95.8	95.8	23,376,200	11,588,715	11,787,485	63.8	64.2	63.5
French	565	300	260	0.2	0.3	0.2	7,044,855	3,481,490	3,563,365	19.2	19.3	19.2
Non-official languages	6,930	3,470	3,460	3.0	3.0	3.0	4,636,560	2,235,370	2,401,190	12.7	12.4	12.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	320	165	160	0.1	0.1	0.1	85,835	42,950	42,885	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	50,135	25,010	25,120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	980	495	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,255	19,165	19,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,345	2,285	2,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,700	13,425	13,270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	300	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,545	1,225	1,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	665	305	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,455	730	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	830	430	405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,585	10,400	10,180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,710	3,190	3,520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	505	260	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,650	1,250	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,595	1,225	1,365	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,250	4,100	4,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,540	2,305	2,235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,480	1,685	1,800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,925	1,405	1,515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,260	3,675	3,585	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	7,230	3,655	3,575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,255	2,610	2,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	705	390	315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	395	220	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	755	420	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	165	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,295	13,695	13,600	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,140	13,625	13,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	145	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	260	130	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	110	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	115	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	65	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	85	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,605	3,305	3,305	2.8	2.8	2.8	4,550,725	2,192,420	2,358,305	12.4	12.1	12.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	395,840	197,010	198,830	1.1	1.1	1.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,295	5,940	5,355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,180	5,325	4,850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	840	455	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	155	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	425	410	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	635	330	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	95	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	545	265	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,375	14,115	16,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,645	890	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,890	1,935	1,960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,410	11,075	13,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	215	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	352,790	176,270	176,520	1.0	1.0	1.0
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,030	6,470	7,565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	285,915	143,650	142,260	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,740	9,940	10,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,935	6,150	6,785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,585	3,185	3,400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	605	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	305	380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,515	4,355	4,160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	360	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,860	11,050	10,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	135	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	127,730	58,660	69,070	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,650	4,765	5,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	116,785	53,735	63,055	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	160	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	465	215	250	0.2	0.2	0.2	326,245	149,550	176,700	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	760	370	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,125	1,895	2,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,195	4,720	5,480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	200	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,015	2,265	2,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,350	8,350	10,000	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,150	1,985	2,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	265	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	150	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	725	370	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	165	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	205	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	145	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,030	1,435	1,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	310	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	185	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	275,045	125,870	149,170	0.8	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	325	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,100	1,000	1,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,195	15,455	19,740	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,610	9,620	12,990	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	300	125	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	150	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,640	1,760	1,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	135	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,120	3,275	3,845	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	870	395	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	169,705	85,265	84,440	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,060	1,575	1,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,390	19,010	16,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	112,335	54,240	58,095	0.3	0.3	0.3
Telugu	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,470	10,215	8,250	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	240	120	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	205	105	105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,335	730	610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	105	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,335	2,175	2,160	1.9	1.9	1.8	2,264,155	1,111,775	1,152,380	6.2	6.2	6.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,110	7,005	7,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,970	10,415	11,550	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	400	180	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	303,480	143,495	159,985	0.8	0.8	0.9
Baltic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,495	1,120	1,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	395	485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,615	720	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	395	180	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	300,985	142,375	158,610	0.8	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	100	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,315	5,005	5,310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,680	2,705	2,980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,105	2,880	3,225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	120	45	75	0.1	0.0	0.1	65,140	30,225	34,915	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	120	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	125,780	59,290	66,490	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	155	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	53,150	25,720	27,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,480	3,135	3,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,925	6,965	7,960	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,110	15,310	15,800	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	640	315	325	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,015	2,410	2,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,375	595	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,825	13,250	14,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	295	265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	310	165	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	955	435	520	0.4	0.4	0.4	140,450	68,575	71,875	0.4	0.4	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	110	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	705	315	385	0.3	0.3	0.3	103,780	50,460	53,325	0.3	0.3	0.3
German	595	265	335	0.3	0.2	0.3	86,820	41,815	45,005	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,270	3,640	3,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,750	870	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,950	4,140	3,810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	33,710	16,730	16,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	120	55	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	6,095	3,055	3,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	95	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,100	3,950	4,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,965	2,480	2,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	490	240	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,845	6,895	6,945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	220	100	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	920	1,020	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	280	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	125	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	435	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	740	355	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,300	17,490	20,810	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,315	1,255	1,055	1.0	1.1	0.9	1,167,370	590,435	576,930	3.2	3.3	3.1
Indo-Aryan languages	2,255	1,225	1,030	1.0	1.0	0.9	962,820	490,815	472,000	2.6	2.7	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	110	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	100	70	35	0.0	0.1	0.0	56,750	28,435	28,315	0.2	0.2	0.2
Gujarati	60	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	92,005	47,790	44,215	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hindi	265	180	85	0.1	0.2	0.1	91,930	47,555	44,375	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,055	1,310	1,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	130	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	880	415	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,460	3,800	3,660	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,835	8,595	8,235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	420	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	525	275	250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	145	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,715	880	835	0.7	0.8	0.7	520,390	266,775	253,610	1.4	1.5	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	195	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,110	1,060	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,665	4,775	4,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	158,040	78,420	79,615	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,015	1,040	975	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	204,420	99,545	104,875	0.6	0.6	0.6
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,380	5,245	5,135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	280	130	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,215	6,670	6,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	179,745	87,075	92,670	0.5	0.5	0.5
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,190	17,395	18,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	125,840	61,060	64,780	0.3	0.3	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,715	8,620	9,095	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	475	250	225	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	640	290	345	0.3	0.2	0.3	577,735	273,965	303,770	1.6	1.5	1.6
Catalan	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	185	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	225	90	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	92,755	38,750	54,005	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	118,730	56,685	62,045	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,090	23,135	24,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	280	135	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	317,365	155,005	162,360	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	425	210	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	95	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	140	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	20,055	8,290	11,765	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	125,525	58,250	67,275	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	505	545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,600	18,055	20,545	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,000	2,755	3,240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	280	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	150	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	470	225	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,315	665	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	260	115	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	260	295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	770	765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,205	1,520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,520	655	860	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	35	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	160	85	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,780	1,760	2,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	480	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	145	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	45	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,055	3,290	3,765	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	130	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,945	1,040	910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,395	2,505	2,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,720	1,250	1,470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,155	1,555	1,600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	900	485	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	295	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,465	705	760	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	75	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,160	7,005	5,160	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,175	4,660	3,515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,475	830	645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,520	1,515	1,000	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	680	335	345	0.3	0.3	0.3	967,965	450,210	517,755	2.6	2.5	2.8
Chinese languages	675	335	345	0.3	0.3	0.3	955,685	444,115	511,565	2.6	2.5	2.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,625	1,645	1,985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	395	190	210	0.2	0.2	0.2	530,945	249,675	281,270	1.4	1.4	1.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	370	405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,945	6,255	7,685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,750	2,705	3,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	245	130	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	393,430	180,000	213,435	1.1	1.0	1.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,985	3,360	3,625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	225	110	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,990	5,960	6,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,075	1,010	1,070	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	660	320	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,400	1,725	1,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,960	1,500	1,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	440	225	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,395	2,680	2,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	225	240	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	135	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,120	4,660	5,460	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,955	2,850	3,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,955	1,725	2,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	85	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,490	16,530	15,960	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,200	1,095	1,105	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	27,970	14,290	13,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	850	420	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	950	470	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	195	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,790	8,625	10,165	0.1	0.0	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	615	245	370	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,880	825	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,295	7,550	8,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	195	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	2,340	1,125	1,215	1.0	1.0	1.0	1,563,345	758,295	805,045	4.3	4.2	4.3
English and French	240	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	230,955	112,070	118,880	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,045	990	1,060	0.9	0.8	0.9	1,123,355	546,255	577,095	3.1	3.0	3.1
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	125,525	60,405	65,125	0.3	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,805	27,370	29,430	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,705	12,190	14,515	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	233,925	116,720	117,205	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,620,955	18,063,870	18,557,085	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	221,615	110,825	110,790	94.7	94.9	94.5	31,053,450	15,366,470	15,686,980	84.8	85.1	84.5
English	3,140	1,560	1,585	1.3	1.3	1.4	1,956,965	969,380	987,580	5.3	5.4	5.3
French	1,230	555	675	0.5	0.5	0.6	571,040	268,530	302,510	1.6	1.5	1.6
Non-official language	6,625	3,125	3,500	2.8	2.7	3.0	2,248,130	1,071,870	1,176,260	6.1	5.9	6.3
Indigenous³⁹	820	385	430	0.4	0.3	0.4	63,565	29,285	34,280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous	5,800	2,730	3,070	2.5	2.3	2.6	2,184,565	1,042,590	1,141,975	6.0	5.8	6.2
English and French	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	86,185	42,600	43,585	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	405	210	190	0.2	0.2	0.2	323,845	161,995	161,850	0.9	0.9	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	134,565	61,575	72,995	0.4	0.3	0.4
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,870	5,975	5,895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	645	310	335	0.3	0.3	0.3	234,905	115,470	119,430	0.6	0.6	0.6
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	230,150	114,870	115,280	99.7	99.7	99.7	35,644,660	17,656,300	17,988,360	98.1	98.4	97.8
English	230,120	114,860	115,255	99.7	99.7	99.7	31,628,570	15,769,105	15,859,470	87.1	87.9	86.2
French	11,795	5,185	6,610	5.1	4.5	5.7	10,563,235	5,115,365	5,447,875	29.1	28.5	29.6
Non-official languages	27,075	13,190	13,890	11.7	11.4	12.0	10,724,700	5,156,300	5,568,400	29.5	28.7	30.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	2,745	1,340	1,400	1.2	1.2	1.2	243,155	116,360	126,795	0.7	0.6	0.7
Algonquian languages	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	163,815	78,135	85,675	0.5	0.4	0.5
Blackfoot	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,680	3,120	3,560	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	105,850	50,975	54,870	0.3	0.3	0.3
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,815	3,455	3,360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	125	50	70	0.1	0.0	0.1	87,875	42,340	45,530	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	420	220	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	450	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,880	2,320	2,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,675	2,025	2,645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,005	5,440	6,555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,110	2,460	2,650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	61,000	29,930	31,070	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,745	4,935	5,805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,035	515	525	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,035	4,770	5,260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,245	4,370	4,880	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	420	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,865	20,015	22,850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	895	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,305	7,450	7,855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,160	11,930	14,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,035	875	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	80	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,625	1,670	1,955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,720	9,495	11,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	100	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	755	355	400	0.3	0.3	0.3	20,390	9,635	10,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	750	350	400	0.3	0.3	0.3	20,135	9,515	10,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	680	870	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	270	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,560	5,470	6,085	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	115	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,330	1,140	1,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	775	355	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	195	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,210	620	590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	480	265	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	130	115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	235	140	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,140	1,080	1,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	705	330	375	0.3	0.3	0.3	870	400	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	75	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	120	190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	50	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	290	140	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	245	90	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,795	20,980	21,820	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	505	630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	795	365	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	145	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,680	20,495	21,185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,055	880	1,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	230	95	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,605	655	950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	210	105	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	90	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,905	850	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	1,705	840	865	0.7	0.7	0.7	5,305	2,555	2,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	670	745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	220	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	600	285	305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	420	245	175	0.2	0.2	0.2	510	300	215	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	950	440	515	0.4	0.4	0.4	1,090	510	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	350	165	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	135	185	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	120	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	705	320	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	190	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,965	1,465	1,495	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	370	195	175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,530	715	810	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	925	470	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	180	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,665	1,335	1,335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,135	555	580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,110	595	515	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	465	210	255	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,205	1,010	1,200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	145	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	335	170	170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	820	355	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	700	315	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	310	335	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	855	405	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	24,385	11,880	12,505	10.6	10.3	10.8	10,485,595	5,041,770	5,443,825	28.9	28.1	29.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	460	265	195	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,100,035	565,845	534,195	3.0	3.2	2.9
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,835	22,775	20,060	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,415	19,660	17,755	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,735	2,720	2,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,330	750	575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,090	3,740	3,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,080	2,695	2,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	1,040	965	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,690	1,790	1,900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	71,930	34,430	37,500	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,745	1,490	1,260	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,635	4,860	4,780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,005	27,735	31,270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,400	760	645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	445	265	185	0.2	0.2	0.2	1,015,485	524,700	490,780	2.8	2.9	2.7
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	48,305	23,910	24,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	405	235	170	0.2	0.2	0.1	838,045	436,510	401,540	2.3	2.4	2.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,655	19,690	19,965	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,865	11,765	12,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,285	6,625	6,655	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,195	1,625	1,570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,000	925	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	83,205	42,515	40,685	0.2	0.2	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,535	3,080	3,450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,970	23,120	22,845	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,760	1,065	695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	245	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	260,030	120,035	139,995	0.7	0.7	0.8
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,390	13,100	15,290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	205	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1	232,800	107,435	125,355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	455	455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,525	580	940	0.7	0.5	0.8	793,275	336,445	456,840	2.2	1.9	2.5
Bikol	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,260	1,975	2,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,990	4,625	6,375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	135	55	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	33,045	13,790	19,250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	900	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,385	6,650	9,735	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	61,680	25,280	36,400	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indonesian	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,815	8,895	10,915	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,950	770	1,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	860	345	510	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,885	1,960	1,920	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,355	1,215	1,140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,565	785	780	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,770	4,995	5,775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,555	4,690	5,865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,455	1,885	2,575	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,365	500	870	0.6	0.4	0.8	737,565	310,735	426,830	2.0	1.7	2.3
Waray-Waray	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,520	1,910	2,610	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,140	8,785	11,355	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	184,840	85,045	99,790	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian Creole	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	134,895	61,215	73,680	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,875	2,200	2,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	870	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,345	7,620	7,725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,535	785	750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,220	14,400	16,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,585	4,575	5,005	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	400	230	170	0.2	0.2	0.1	359,485	185,160	174,325	1.0	1.0	0.9
Kannada	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,420	9,660	8,760	0.1	0.1	0.0
Malayalam	240	135	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	77,910	42,025	35,890	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	135	85	45	0.1	0.1	0.0	237,890	119,570	118,320	0.7	0.7	0.6
Telugu	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,685	30,575	24,110	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,765	935	835	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	970	450	520	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,015	1,565	1,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	720	365	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	18,090	8,895	9,200	7.8	7.7	8.0	5,849,775	2,867,575	2,982,195	16.1	16.0	16.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	38,345	19,410	18,935	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	44,500	21,675	22,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Balto-Slavic languages	1,965	840	1,115	0.9	0.7	1.0	820,305	384,390	435,915	2.3	2.1	2.4
Baltic languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,890	5,900	7,985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,020	2,595	3,425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,895	3,325	4,570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,945	840	1,105	0.8	0.7	1.0	809,985	380,025	429,960	2.2	2.1	2.3
Belarusian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,825	1,185	1,640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,210	11,805	12,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	250	110	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	28,625	13,595	15,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,015	10,965	12,050	0.1	0.1	0.1
Polish	380	195	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	204,460	94,135	110,325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Russian	670	270	400	0.3	0.2	0.3	309,235	145,375	163,860	0.9	0.8	0.9
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	345	330	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	335	150	180	0.1	0.1	0.2	155,775	76,800	78,975	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bosnian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,380	12,555	12,825	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	250	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	73,845	36,015	37,830	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	75	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	83,735	41,550	42,185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,085	1,590	1,500	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	100	25	75	0.0	0.0	0.1	20,905	9,455	11,450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,650	4,715	5,935	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	375	170	205	0.2	0.1	0.2	131,655	59,230	72,425	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	770	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,485	5,430	5,055	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,360	2,940	2,415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,170	1,050	1,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,170	1,015	1,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	910	495	415	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	6,490	3,030	3,460	2.8	2.6	3.0	658,705	319,800	338,905	1.8	1.8	1.8
Frisian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,835	1,480	1,350	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	4,690	2,195	2,495	2.0	1.9	2.2	453,995	222,215	231,780	1.2	1.2	1.3
German	4,535	2,115	2,425	2.0	1.8	2.1	419,195	204,840	214,355	1.2	1.1	1.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,565	5,260	5,305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	320	155	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,465	5,025	5,440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,155	10,105	10,045	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	1,560	755	805	0.7	0.7	0.7	191,840	93,435	98,405	0.5	0.5	0.5
Afrikaans	450	235	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	29,670	15,335	14,335	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	995	465	535	0.4	0.4	0.5	107,985	51,330	56,650	0.3	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,555	5,245	5,315	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,310	640	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,165	20,590	20,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,985	1,825	2,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	470	185	285	0.2	0.2	0.2	37,500	17,205	20,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	200	75	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,700	6,805	7,900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,475	685	790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	8,860	4,180	4,675	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	170	65	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	14,620	6,765	7,855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,275	720	555	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	105	70	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	145,060	71,685	73,375	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Iranian languages	4,795	2,670	2,125	2.1	2.3	1.8	2,263,825	1,162,830	1,100,990	6.2	6.5	6.0
Indo-Aryan languages	4,610	2,550	2,060	2.0	2.2	1.8	1,918,570	989,350	929,220	5.3	5.5	5.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,155	590	565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	210	125	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	120,605	62,330	58,270	0.3	0.3	0.3
Gujarati	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	209,415	110,000	99,405	0.6	0.6	0.5
Hindi	1,890	1,015	875	0.8	0.9	0.8	761,425	395,410	366,015	2.1	2.2	2.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,085	6,785	8,300	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	965	865	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,950	4,300	4,645	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	55	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,230	18,210	17,020	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,660	15,680	14,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,235	1,665	1,570	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,710	925	785	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,550	755	795	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,280	1,795	1,485	1.4	1.6	1.3	942,170	488,075	454,090	2.6	2.7	2.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	345	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,385	4,480	3,910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,050	16,645	16,400	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	390	235	155	0.2	0.2	0.1	414,870	211,895	202,975	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,320	6,280	5,040	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	225	140	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	370,520	186,750	183,770	1.0	1.0	1.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	985	565	420	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,035	13,005	11,030	0.1	0.1	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,000	535	470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,695	16,810	14,885	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	175	110	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	326,285	163,665	162,620	0.9	0.9	0.9
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,220	38,765	39,460	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	150	90	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	222,160	111,750	110,415	0.6	0.6	0.6
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,345	15,460	14,880	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,830	970	855	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,135	1,245	895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,285	2,495	2,790	2.3	2.2	2.4	2,054,885	975,310	1,079,575	5.7	5.4	5.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,855	1,560	1,305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,495	745	755	0.6	0.6	0.7	547,655	263,950	283,705	1.5	1.5	1.5
Portuguese	505	235	265	0.2	0.2	0.2	336,865	164,985	171,880	0.9	0.9	0.9
Romanian	215	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	116,520	55,570	60,950	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	3,275	1,495	1,780	1.4	1.3	1.5	1,171,450	548,315	623,135	3.2	3.1	3.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,835	2,060	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,965	1,025	940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	795	345	450	0.3	0.3	0.4	98,070	43,380	54,690	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	560	305	260	0.2	0.3	0.2	203,885	92,275	111,605	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,545	1,085	1,455	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	430	230	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	267,520	131,495	136,025	0.7	0.7	0.7
Akan (Twi)	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,240	12,585	13,660	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,950	2,570	2,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,945	2,315	2,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,645	2,490	2,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,840	4,100	3,740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,255	1,565	1,685	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,650	2,055	2,600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,850	750	1,100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,365	9,345	9,020	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,515	6,305	7,210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,720	12,260	13,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,695	1,300	1,395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,085	1,055	1,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,080	585	490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,425	1,140	1,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,825	7,070	7,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,280	3,440	3,845	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,010	650	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,305	580	725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	57,295	28,950	28,340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,820	1,440	1,380	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,940	6,925	6,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	120	70	50	0.1	0.1	0.0	50,935	25,265	25,675	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	43,625	21,935	21,685	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,090	5,570	5,530	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,815	1,470	1,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,490	685	805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,815	3,425	3,385	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,760	1,485	1,275	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	360	165	200	0.2	0.1	0.2	49,535	19,685	29,850	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	305	130	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	37,620	14,430	23,195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,195	2,525	3,670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,450	3,515	3,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,380	735	645	0.6	0.6	0.6	1,550,930	721,520	829,410	4.3	4.0	4.5
Chinese languages	1,355	720	640	0.6	0.6	0.6	1,528,860	710,700	818,160	4.2	4.0	4.4
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,830	6,845	7,980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	920	465	455	0.4	0.4	0.4	987,300	452,995	534,305	2.7	2.5	2.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,825	840	980	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	51,755	22,840	28,920	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,660	6,060	7,600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	530	310	225	0.2	0.3	0.2	724,925	335,185	389,740	2.0	1.9	2.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,720	5,695	6,020	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,185	560	625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,300	10,955	11,345	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,935	2,910	3,025	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,140	520	620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,705	2,790	2,915	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,030	2,490	2,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	845	395	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,160	4,565	4,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	890	1,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,220	540	680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	120	40	80	0.1	0.0	0.1	33,705	14,255	19,440	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,630	8,320	9,310	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	18,575	6,955	11,615	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	330	465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	70	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	91,375	47,575	43,800	0.3	0.3	0.2
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,875	5,380	4,490	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,415	600	815	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	78,500	41,130	37,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,660	790	875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,290	1,645	1,640	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,150	980	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	550	245	305	0.2	0.2	0.3	85,055	39,290	45,765	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,315	2,320	2,990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	255	100	155	0.1	0.1	0.1	15,325	6,735	8,590	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	275	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	64,625	30,320	34,300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,545	2,750	2,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	32,695	16,025	16,670	14.2	13.9	14.4	1,807,250	877,645	929,605	5.0	4.9	5.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	31,495	15,475	16,020	13.6	13.4	13.9	1,743,165	847,385	895,785	4.8	4.7	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	21,795	10,820	10,980	9.4	9.4	9.5	1,048,405	506,515	541,890	2.9	2.8	2.9
Métis	9,605	4,605	5,005	4.2	4.0	4.3	624,220	306,220	318,000	1.7	1.7	1.7
Inuk (Inuit)	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	70,540	34,645	35,895	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	705	340	360	0.3	0.3	0.3	28,855	13,645	15,215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	500	210	290	0.2	0.2	0.3	35,225	16,620	18,610	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	198,155	99,175	98,980	85.8	86.1	85.6	34,521,230	17,059,520	17,461,710	95.0	95.1	94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	18,010	8,815	9,195	7.8	7.7	8.0	831,720	402,310	429,405	2.3	2.2	2.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	212,840	106,385	106,455	92.2	92.3	92.0	35,496,755	17,534,850	17,961,905	97.7	97.8	97.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	75,820	...	...	75.5	...	...	9,955,975	...	...	66.5	...	...
Renter	23,115	...	...	23.0	...	...	4,953,840	...	...	33.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	1,445	...	...	1.4	...	...	69,130	...	...	0.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	10,665	...	...	10.6	...	...	2,248,280	...	...	15.0	...	...
Not condominium	89,720	...	...	89.4	...	...	12,730,660	...	...	85.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	735	...	...	0.7	...	...	132,060	...	...	0.9	...	...
1 bedroom	10,025	...	...	10.0	...	...	2,124,485	...	...	14.2	...	...
2 bedrooms	25,670	...	...	25.6	...	...	3,829,965	...	...	25.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	32,570	...	...	32.4	...	...	4,982,900	...	...	33.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	31,380	...	...	31.3	...	...	3,909,525	...	...	26.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	24,355	...	...	24.3	...	...	4,662,125	...	...	31.1	...	...
5 rooms	15,700	...	...	15.6	...	...	2,323,910	...	...	15.5	...	...
6 rooms	14,750	...	...	14.7	...	...	2,037,185	...	...	13.6	...	...
7 rooms	12,515	...	...	12.5	...	...	1,796,855	...	...	12.0	...	...
8 or more rooms	33,065	...	...	32.9	...	...	4,158,855	...	...	27.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	99,300	...	...	98.9	...	...	14,625,230	...	...	97.6	...	...
More than one person per room	1,085	...	...	1.1	...	...	353,715	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	97,225	...	...	96.9	...	...	14,173,290	...	...	94.6	...	...
Not suitable	3,155	...	...	3.1	...	...	805,650	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	10,430	...	...	10.4	...	...	3,027,045	...	...	20.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	37,380	...	...	37.2	...	...	4,171,840	...	...	27.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	12,235	...	...	12.2	...	...	1,982,515	...	...	13.2	...	...
1991 to 2000	17,035	...	...	17.0	...	...	1,805,985	...	...	12.1	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,710	...	...	4.7	...	...	959,860	...	...	6.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	7,285	...	...	7.3	...	...	1,034,925	...	...	6.9	...	...
2011 to 2015	4,790	...	...	4.8	...	...	967,540	...	...	6.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,525	...	...	6.5	...	...	1,029,220	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	93,125	...	...	92.8	...	...	14,059,395	...	...	93.9	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,260	...	...	7.2	...	...	919,545	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	49,970	...	...	49.8	...	...	7,659,700	...	...	51.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	45,465	...	...	45.3	...	...	6,631,755	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,950	...	...	4.9	...	...	687,485	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	2,540	...	...	2.5	...	...	424,695	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	11,655	...	...	11.6	...	...	2,077,895	...	...	13.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	14,510	...	...	14.5	...	...	2,600,000	...	...	17.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,430	...	...	15.4	...	...	2,646,945	...	...	17.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	21,955	...	...	21.9	...	...	3,046,560	...	...	20.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	20,555	...	...	20.5	...	...	2,432,140	...	...	16.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	10,650	...	...	10.6	...	...	1,292,805	...	...	8.6	...	...
85 years and over	3,090	...	...	3.1	...	...	457,900	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	94,195	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,687,350	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	78,090	...	...	82.9	...	...	11,612,640	...	...	79.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	16,100	...	...	17.1	...	...	3,074,715	...	...	20.9	...	...
30% to less than 100%	14,495	...	...	15.4	...	...	2,742,920	...	...	18.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	100,385	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,978,940	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	24,440	...	...	24.3	...	...	4,379,420	...	...	29.2	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	14,495	...	...	14.4	...	...	2,728,995	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not suitable only	2,350	...	...	2.3	...	...	595,110	...	...	4.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,565	...	...	5.5	...	...	645,465	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	335	...	...	0.3	...	...	135,770	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,225	...	...	1.2	...	...	199,355	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	425	...	...	0.4	...	...	64,095	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.0	...	...	10,630	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	75,940	...	...	75.6	...	...	10,599,520	...	...	70.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	92,585	...	...	100.0	...	...	14,355,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	8,675	...	...	9.4	...	...	1,451,025	...	...	10.1	...	...
Not in core need	83,910	...	...	90.6	...	...	12,904,530	...	...	89.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	71,830	...	...	...	...	...	9,807,720	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.9	...	...	53.9	...	...	60.0	...	...	60.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.9	...	...	11.9	...	...	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.7	...	...	5.7	...	...	5.3	...	...	5.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	900	...	...	900	...	...	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,189	...	...	1,189	...	...	1,498	...	...	1,498	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...	472,000	...	...	472,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	514,000	...	...	514,000	...	...	618,500	...	...	618,500	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	22,560	...	...	...	...	...	4,936,850	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.6	...	...	12.6	...	...	11.7	...	...	11.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.8	...	...	33.8	...	...	33.2	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.2	...	...	21.2	...	...	20.0	...	...	20.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...	1,070	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,152	...	...	1,152	...	...	1,209	...	...	1,209	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,445	...	...	...	...	...	69,130	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	11.1	...	...	11.1	...	...	5.9	...	...	5.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	332	...	...	332	...	...	284	...	...	284	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	409	...	...	409	...	...	327	...	...	327	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	15,350	7,660	7,690	6.6	6.6	6.6	985,200	480,950	504,245	2.7	2.7	2.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	15,140	7,570	7,575	6.6	6.6	6.5	963,705	470,850	492,855	2.7	2.6	2.7
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	13,250	6,565	6,685	5.7	5.7	5.8	763,230	371,400	391,825	2.1	2.1	2.1
Métis single ancestry	1,860	985	880	0.8	0.9	0.8	146,010	72,680	73,325	0.4	0.4	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	54,475	26,770	27,700	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	21,490	10,095	11,395	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	210	95	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	17,665	8,215	9,450	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,430	1,185	1,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,070	530	535	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	320	165	155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	19,015	9,100	9,915	8.2	7.9	8.6	1,219,285	585,590	633,690	3.4	3.3	3.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	18,300	8,765	9,535	7.9	7.6	8.2	1,183,350	568,980	614,365	3.3	3.2	3.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	12,505	6,100	6,405	5.4	5.3	5.5	801,630	384,550	417,075	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,705	2,605	3,100	2.5	2.3	2.7	362,130	174,975	187,150	1.0	1.0	1.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,595	9,450	10,150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	710	335	380	0.3	0.3	0.3	35,930	16,605	19,320	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	675	310	365	0.3	0.3	0.3	31,815	14,790	17,025	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,785	1,190	1,595	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,005	500	505	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	125	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	196,490	98,440	98,050	85.1	85.5	84.8	34,124,000	16,870,625	17,253,375	93.9	94.1	93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	221,100	110,315	110,785	95.8	95.8	95.8	33,143,225	16,360,910	16,782,315	91.2	91.2	91.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	40,350	20,725	19,620	17.5	18.0	17.0	6,784,875	3,486,545	3,298,330	18.7	19.4	17.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	180,750	89,585	91,165	78.3	77.8	78.8	26,358,355	12,874,365	13,483,990	72.6	71.8	73.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	9,755	4,885	4,865	4.2	4.2	4.2	3,185,250	1,576,255	1,608,995	8.8	8.8	8.7
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	205,325	102,635	102,685	88.9	89.1	88.8	27,042,120	13,461,515	13,580,610	74.4	75.0	73.8
Immigrants⁸¹	21,890	10,545	11,345	9.5	9.2	9.8	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,340	23.0	22.2	23.8
Before 1980	9,385	4,660	4,730	4.1	4.0	4.1	1,540,610	731,340	809,265	4.2	4.1	4.4
1980 to 1990	2,405	1,150	1,250	1.0	1.0	1.1	924,320	443,805	480,520	2.5	2.5	2.6
1991 to 2000	2,520	1,120	1,395	1.1	1.0	1.2	1,511,475	708,315	803,165	4.2	3.9	4.4
2001 to 2010	2,990	1,405	1,585	1.3	1.2	1.4	1,930,525	911,190	1,019,340	5.3	5.1	5.5
2011 to 2021⁸²	4,590	2,205	2,385	2.0	1.9	2.1	2,454,570	1,181,515	1,273,055	6.8	6.6	6.9
2011 to 2015	1,835	880	960	0.8	0.8	0.8	1,126,330	536,615	589,715	3.1	3.0	3.2
2016 to 2021	2,755	1,330	1,425	1.2	1.2	1.2	1,328,240	644,900	683,335	3.7	3.6	3.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	3,645	2,025	1,620	1.6	1.8	1.4	924,850	499,490	425,365	2.5	2.8	2.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	21,890	10,540	11,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	2,870	1,505	1,360	13.1	14.3	12.0	748,265	377,795	370,470	8.9	9.5	8.4
5 to 14 years	4,195	2,220	1,975	19.2	21.1	17.4	1,438,440	730,675	707,765	17.2	18.4	16.1
15 to 24 years	4,675	2,170	2,510	21.4	20.6	22.1	1,594,290	720,630	873,660	19.1	18.1	19.9
25 to 44 years	8,500	3,920	4,580	38.8	37.2	40.4	3,783,335	1,782,805	2,000,525	45.2	44.8	45.6
45 years and over	1,645	725	925	7.5	6.9	8.2	797,180	364,260	432,920	9.5	9.2	9.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	21,890	10,540	11,345	100.0	100.0	100.0	8,361,505	3,976,160	4,385,345	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,605	1,585	2,020	16.5	15.0	17.8	1,203,180	546,325	656,855	14.4	13.7	15.0
Brazil	85	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5	48,450	22,405	26,050	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombia	60	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3	80,570	36,675	43,900	1.0	0.9	1.0
El Salvador	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3	49,450	24,430	25,015	0.6	0.6	0.6
Guyana	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1	85,530	37,870	47,660	1.0	1.0	1.1
Haiti	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0	99,945	44,585	55,360	1.2	1.1	1.3
Jamaica	70	45	20	0.3	0.4	0.2	145,360	63,430	81,925	1.7	1.6	1.9
Mexico	190	85	105	0.9	0.8	0.9	90,585	42,215	48,370	1.1	1.1	1.1
Peru	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1	31,420	13,925	17,490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1	65,035	29,110	35,930	0.8	0.7	0.8
United States of America	2,725	1,180	1,545	12.4	11.2	13.6	256,090	115,380	140,705	3.1	2.9	3.2
Other places of birth in Americas	340	150	185	1.6	1.4	1.6	250,760	116,305	134,460	3.0	2.9	3.1
Europe	11,025	5,470	5,555	50.4	51.9	49.0	1,967,620	955,840	1,011,785	23.5	24.0	23.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	90	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4	35,925	17,705	18,220	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	145	70	70	0.7	0.7	0.6	36,675	18,115	18,560	0.4	0.5	0.4
France	155	90	60	0.7	0.9	0.5	121,525	63,845	57,685	1.5	1.6	1.3
Germany	1,890	955	930	8.6	9.1	8.2	126,470	60,560	65,915	1.5	1.5	1.5
Greece	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1	54,715	27,050	27,665	0.7	0.7	0.6
Hungary	145	80	70	0.7	0.8	0.6	31,050	14,595	16,450	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italy	735	370	360	3.4	3.5	3.2	204,065	101,445	102,625	2.4	2.6	2.3
Netherlands	830	430	400	3.8	4.1	3.5	75,830	39,020	36,810	0.9	1.0	0.8
Poland	320	185	135	1.5	1.8	1.2	135,030	60,660	74,370	1.6	1.5	1.7
Portugal	190	95	95	0.9	0.9	0.8	128,795	62,880	65,910	1.5	1.6	1.5
Romania	150	80	70	0.7	0.8	0.6	86,770	40,820	45,955	1.0	1.0	1.0
Russian Federation	160	50	115	0.7	0.5	1.0	81,840	35,185	46,650	1.0	0.9	1.1
Serbia⁸⁶	35	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3	31,925	15,480	16,450	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	115	60	55	0.5	0.6	0.5	81,135	36,840	44,295	1.0	0.9	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	4,255	2,095	2,160	19.4	19.9	19.0	464,135	229,710	234,430	5.6	5.8	5.3
Other places of birth in Europe	1,785	840	950	8.2	8.0	8.4	271,725	131,935	139,790	3.2	3.3	3.2
Africa	980	555	425	4.5	5.3	3.7	821,735	412,365	409,375	9.8	10.4	9.3
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	79,660	41,065	38,600	1.0	1.0	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,110	15,775	17,340	0.4	0.4	0.4
Egypt	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1	73,710	38,730	34,980	0.9	1.0	0.8
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,385	16,575	14,815	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ethiopia	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,715	19,955	21,760	0.5	0.5	0.5
Morocco	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1	81,775	41,085	40,685	1.0	1.0	0.9
Nigeria	125	80	50	0.6	0.8	0.4	81,290	41,665	39,620	1.0	1.0	0.9
Somalia	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	32,500	14,600	17,900	0.4	0.4	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	490	270	215	2.2	2.6	1.9	51,590	25,740	25,855	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	305	170	135	1.4	1.6	1.2	314,995	157,170	157,825	3.8	4.0	3.6
Asia	5,555	2,550	3,000	25.4	24.2	26.4	4,307,000	2,030,575	2,276,420	51.5	51.1	51.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	62,450	30,940	31,515	0.7	0.8	0.7
Iran⁸⁸	90	55	35	0.4	0.5	0.3	182,940	92,300	90,645	2.2	2.3	2.1
Iraq	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2	84,130	42,660	41,465	1.0	1.1	0.9
Lebanon	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0	95,725	50,675	45,055	1.1	1.3	1.0
Syria⁸⁹	70	50	20	0.3	0.5	0.2	97,590	49,855	47,735	1.2	1.3	1.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,270	18,835	16,435	0.4	0.5	0.4
China⁹⁰	505	255	250	2.3	2.4	2.2	715,835	317,970	397,860	8.6	8.0	9.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	140	75	70	0.6	0.7	0.6	213,855	100,480	113,375	2.6	2.5	2.6
Korea, South⁹²	315	170	145	1.4	1.6	1.3	138,355	63,025	75,325	1.7	1.6	1.7
Taiwan	70	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4	65,365	28,725	36,635	0.8	0.7	0.8
Philippines	1,320	480	845	6.0	4.6	7.4	719,580	305,115	414,460	8.6	7.7	9.5
Viet Nam	120	60	65	0.5	0.6	0.6	182,095	82,670	99,425	2.2	2.1	2.3
Bangladesh	55	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3	70,090	35,675	34,415	0.8	0.9	0.8
India	1,920	965	955	8.8	9.2	8.4	898,050	451,120	446,930	10.7	11.3	10.2
Pakistan	225	95	125	1.0	0.9	1.1	234,105	118,390	115,715	2.8	3.0	2.6
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0	136,240	66,215	70,030	1.6	1.7	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	645	245	395	2.9	2.3	3.5	375,340	175,930	199,410	4.5	4.4	4.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	725	385	340	3.3	3.7	3.0	61,965	31,055	30,910	0.7	0.8	0.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,750	1,325	1,425	100.0	100.0	100.0	1,328,240	644,900	683,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	325	120	205	11.8	9.1	14.4	154,490	74,275	80,215	11.6	11.5	11.7
Brazil	30	10	20	1.1	0.8	1.4	19,895	9,340	10,560	1.5	1.4	1.5
Colombia	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7	11,455	5,090	6,365	0.9	0.8	0.9
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,550	5,155	5,400	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,155	7,740	7,420	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mexico	45	25	20	1.6	1.9	1.4	17,150	8,405	8,745	1.3	1.3	1.3
United States of America	180	65	115	6.5	4.9	8.1	39,875	19,790	20,085	3.0	3.1	2.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	7,060	2,980	4,075	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	25	1.5	1.5	1.8	33,350	15,785	17,570	2.5	2.4	2.6
Europe	515	230	285	18.7	17.4	20.0	134,425	69,310	65,120	10.1	10.7	9.5
France	45	30	15	1.6	2.3	1.1	27,175	14,560	12,610	2.0	2.3	1.8
Germany	80	35	45	2.9	2.6	3.2	5,365	2,660	2,705	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	0.5	0.0	0.0	6,355	4,000	2,350	0.5	0.6	0.3
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,240	2,470	1,770	0.3	0.4	0.3
Russian Federation	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4	10,905	4,335	6,570	0.8	0.7	1.0
Ukraine	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4	14,515	6,570	7,945	1.1	1.0	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	215	100	115	7.8	7.5	8.1	22,755	13,550	9,200	1.7	2.1	1.3
Other places of birth in Europe	125	55	70	4.5	4.2	4.9	43,120	21,160	21,960	3.2	3.3	3.2
Africa	315	170	140	11.5	12.8	9.8	206,965	102,875	104,090	15.6	16.0	15.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,745	7,530	8,220	1.2	1.2	1.2
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,935	2,420	2,510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,795	5,545	6,250	0.9	0.9	0.9
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,915	4,200	4,720	0.7	0.7	0.7
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,915	3,795	4,125	0.6	0.6	0.6
Egypt	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7	12,120	6,285	5,835	0.9	1.0	0.9
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,330	8,755	7,575	1.2	1.4	1.1
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,385	4,415	4,970	0.7	0.7	0.7
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,835	6,025	6,810	1.0	0.9	1.0
Nigeria	60	45	10	2.2	3.4	0.7	40,360	20,575	19,780	3.0	3.2	2.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,315	3,240	3,075	0.5	0.5	0.4
South Africa, Republic of	130	65	65	4.7	4.9	4.6	8,510	4,290	4,220	0.6	0.7	0.6
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,690	2,375	2,315	0.4	0.4	0.3
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	8,155	4,185	3,975	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	105	55	45	3.8	4.2	3.2	38,960	19,250	19,715	2.9	3.0	2.9
Asia	1,400	680	725	50.9	51.3	50.9	823,205	393,110	430,090	62.0	61.0	62.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,730	6,290	6,440	1.0	1.0	0.9
Bangladesh	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	13,185	6,670	6,515	1.0	1.0	1.0
China⁹⁰	75	40	35	2.7	3.0	2.5	118,035	50,365	67,665	8.9	7.8	9.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.7	6,495	2,880	3,620	0.5	0.4	0.5
India	445	245	200	16.2	18.5	14.0	246,995	128,205	118,790	18.6	19.9	17.4
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,650	12,310	13,340	1.9	1.9	2.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,715	8,835	8,875	1.3	1.4	1.3
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,850	2,565	2,290	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japan	20	0	20	0.7	0.0	1.4	4,445	1,035	3,410	0.3	0.2	0.5
Jordan	10	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.7	4,635	2,375	2,260	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	60	30	30	2.2	2.3	2.1	20,985	8,790	12,200	1.6	1.4	1.8
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,980	5,120	4,860	0.8	0.8	0.7
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,890	2,475	2,415	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pakistan	40	20	20	1.5	1.5	1.4	36,255	18,070	18,190	2.7	2.8	2.7
Philippines	500	205	295	18.2	15.5	20.7	151,490	66,720	84,765	11.4	10.3	12.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,560	5,195	4,365	0.7	0.8	0.6
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.4	0.8	0.0	8,480	4,010	4,465	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syria⁸⁹	60	45	20	2.2	3.4	1.4	63,130	32,725	30,410	4.8	5.1	4.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,150	5,520	4,635	0.8	0.9	0.7
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,405	4,325	4,085	0.6	0.7	0.6
Viet Nam	20	10	10	0.7	0.8	0.7	14,725	5,605	9,125	1.1	0.9	1.3
Other places of birth in Asia	95	30	65	3.5	2.3	4.6	30,410	13,035	17,375	2.3	2.0	2.5
Oceania and other⁹³	200	130	75	7.3	9.8	5.3	9,160	5,335	3,825	0.7	0.8	0.6
Australia	140	80	60	5.1	6.0	4.2	6,535	3,845	2,685	0.5	0.6	0.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	60	45	15	2.2	3.4	1.1	2,625	1,490	1,135	0.2	0.2	0.2
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	27,455	13,435	14,020	11.9	11.7	12.1	9,606,595	4,631,905	4,974,690	26.4	25.8	27.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	37,275	18,515	18,760	16.1	16.1	16.2	6,393,310	3,207,980	3,185,330	17.6	17.9	17.3
Third generation or more¹⁰²	166,115	83,250	82,870	72.0	72.3	71.7	20,328,565	10,097,280	10,231,290	56.0	56.3	55.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	12,500	5,880	6,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	6,955	3,635	3,325	55.6	61.8	50.2	3,673,705	1,837,625	1,836,090	53.9	56.6	51.3
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	3,210	1,955	1,250	25.7	33.2	18.9	1,556,675	935,790	620,885	22.8	28.8	17.4
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,745	1,675	2,075	30.0	28.5	31.3	2,117,030	901,835	1,215,200	31.0	27.8	34.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	4,645	1,760	2,880	37.2	29.9	43.5	2,016,010	821,325	1,194,685	29.6	25.3	33.4
Refugees¹⁰⁸	790	415	375	6.3	7.1	5.7	1,039,275	543,725	495,550	15.2	16.8	13.9
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	115	70	40	0.9	1.2	0.6	91,900	42,145	49,755	1.3	1.3	1.4
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	12,500	5,880	6,620	100.0	100.0	100.0	6,820,895	3,244,820	3,576,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	155	95	55	1.2	1.6	0.8	416,105	222,895	193,205	6.1	6.9	5.4
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	2,700	1,260	1,445	21.6	21.4	21.8	705,405	324,370	381,035	10.3	10.0	10.7
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	495	240	255	4.0	4.1	3.9	183,250	92,135	91,110	2.7	2.8	2.5
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	885	440	445	7.1	7.5	6.7	377,130	188,535	188,590	5.5	5.8	5.3
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	135	50	85	1.1	0.9	1.3	39,540	15,685	23,855	0.6	0.5	0.7
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	8,130	3,805	4,330	65.0	64.7	65.4	5,099,470	2,401,190	2,698,280	74.8	74.0	75.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	15,965	7,890	8,075	6.9	6.8	7.0	9,639,205	4,712,790	4,926,415	26.5	26.3	26.8
South Asian	5,945	3,210	2,735	2.6	2.8	2.4	2,571,400	1,324,120	1,247,275	7.1	7.4	6.8
Chinese	1,885	960	930	0.8	0.8	0.8	1,715,770	808,745	907,035	4.7	4.5	4.9
Black	1,605	775	830	0.7	0.7	0.7	1,547,870	754,100	793,765	4.3	4.2	4.3
Filipino	1,885	715	1,175	0.8	0.6	1.0	957,355	427,755	529,600	2.6	2.4	2.9
Arab	295	170	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	694,015	362,845	331,170	1.9	2.0	1.8
Latin American	875	390	480	0.4	0.3	0.4	580,235	281,030	299,200	1.6	1.6	1.6
Southeast Asian	605	335	275	0.3	0.3	0.2	390,340	184,120	206,220	1.1	1.0	1.1
West Asian	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	360,495	181,795	178,695	1.0	1.0	1.0
Korean	590	335	255	0.3	0.3	0.2	218,140	101,855	116,285	0.6	0.6	0.6
Japanese	1,420	635	780	0.6	0.6	0.7	98,890	42,315	56,575	0.3	0.2	0.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	175	60	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	172,885	83,310	89,580	0.5	0.5	0.5
Multiple visible minorities	475	205	275	0.2	0.2	0.2	331,805	160,790	171,010	0.9	0.9	0.9
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	214,890	107,310	107,585	93.1	93.2	93.0	26,689,275	13,224,375	13,464,900	73.5	73.7	73.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,475	17,937,165	18,391,310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	31,030	15,840	15,195	13.4	13.8	13.1	5,677,205	2,836,675	2,840,530	15.6	15.8	15.4
English	66,385	32,015	34,370	28.8	27.8	29.7	5,322,830	2,600,245	2,722,580	14.7	14.5	14.8
Irish	40,215	19,300	20,915	17.4	16.8	18.1	4,413,120	2,102,610	2,310,505	12.1	11.7	12.6
Scottish	50,585	24,585	25,995	21.9	21.3	22.5	4,392,200	2,131,620	2,260,580	12.1	11.9	12.3
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,710	10,440	11,265	9.4	9.1	9.7	3,985,945	1,964,695	2,021,250	11.0	11.0	11.0
German	38,310	18,880	19,420	16.6	16.4	16.8	2,955,695	1,449,465	1,506,230	8.1	8.1	8.2
Chinese	2,215	1,080	1,135	1.0	0.9	1.0	1,713,870	806,365	907,500	4.7	4.5	4.9
Italian	9,485	4,800	4,685	4.1	4.2	4.1	1,546,390	774,250	772,140	4.3	4.3	4.2
Indian (India)	3,680	1,940	1,745	1.6	1.7	1.5	1,347,715	691,535	656,185	3.7	3.9	3.6
Ukrainian	14,735	7,195	7,535	6.4	6.2	6.5	1,258,635	612,455	646,175	3.5	3.4	3.5
Dutch	12,370	6,120	6,245	5.4	5.3	5.4	988,585	489,045	499,545	2.7	2.7	2.7
Polish	7,515	3,570	3,950	3.3	3.1	3.4	982,820	472,290	510,525	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	320	135	185	0.1	0.1	0.2	981,635	490,130	491,510	2.7	2.7	2.7
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	9,190	4,630	4,560	4.0	4.0	3.9	938,950	462,420	476,530	2.6	2.6	2.6
Filipino	2,015	805	1,205	0.9	0.7	1.0	925,490	414,915	510,570	2.5	2.3	2.8
French Canadian	2,350	1,095	1,255	1.0	1.0	1.1	906,315	441,610	464,705	2.5	2.5	2.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	5,235	2,740	2,505	2.3	2.4	2.2	691,260	347,080	344,175	1.9	1.9	1.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	12,230	5,980	6,250	5.3	5.2	5.4	632,340	304,220	328,120	1.7	1.7	1.8
Métis	8,480	4,010	4,465	3.7	3.5	3.9	560,335	271,985	288,350	1.5	1.5	1.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	5,820	2,855	2,960	2.5	2.5	2.6	551,910	278,060	273,850	1.5	1.6	1.5
Russian	6,290	2,980	3,315	2.7	2.6	2.9	548,140	260,075	288,065	1.5	1.4	1.6
Norwegian	10,110	4,900	5,210	4.4	4.3	4.5	466,500	224,290	242,210	1.3	1.3	1.3
Welsh	6,165	2,915	3,240	2.7	2.5	2.8	455,720	216,490	239,230	1.3	1.2	1.3
Portuguese	1,010	475	535	0.4	0.4	0.5	448,305	222,770	225,535	1.2	1.2	1.2
American	4,645	2,345	2,300	2.0	2.0	2.0	353,495	172,240	181,255	1.0	1.0	1.0
Spanish	1,450	625	825	0.6	0.5	0.7	342,040	160,475	181,570	0.9	0.9	1.0
Swedish	8,030	3,895	4,135	3.5	3.4	3.6	334,505	156,840	177,665	0.9	0.9	1.0
Hungarian	3,150	1,520	1,630	1.4	1.3	1.4	320,150	155,755	164,395	0.9	0.9	0.9
Acadian	420	220	205	0.2	0.2	0.2	305,170	145,500	159,675	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pakistani	265	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1	303,260	154,435	148,825	0.8	0.9	0.8
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	720	270	450	0.3	0.2	0.4	301,955	148,335	153,625	0.8	0.8	0.8
Jewish	630	285	345	0.3	0.2	0.3	282,015	141,530	140,490	0.8	0.8	0.8
Punjabi	755	400	355	0.3	0.3	0.3	279,950	145,620	134,330	0.8	0.8	0.7
Vietnamese	320	180	145	0.1	0.2	0.1	275,530	131,075	144,445	0.8	0.7	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	263,710	138,210	125,500	0.7	0.8	0.7
Greek	670	300	365	0.3	0.3	0.3	262,140	132,975	129,160	0.7	0.7	0.7
Jamaican	295	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1	249,070	119,265	129,805	0.7	0.7	0.7
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	420	205	220	0.2	0.2	0.2	226,220	107,785	118,435	0.6	0.6	0.6
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,445	1,175	1,265	1.1	1.0	1.1	219,855	105,825	114,030	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korean	585	315	265	0.3	0.3	0.2	217,650	101,805	115,845	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	1,530	680	845	0.7	0.6	0.7	215,885	103,720	112,165	0.6	0.6	0.6
Lebanese	190	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	210,605	107,990	102,615	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iranian	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	200,465	100,790	99,675	0.6	0.6	0.5
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	425	205	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	200,340	99,800	100,540	0.6	0.6	0.5
Danish	3,490	1,755	1,740	1.5	1.5	1.5	196,945	96,220	100,725	0.5	0.5	0.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,560	1,240	1,315	1.1	1.1	1.1	194,840	94,035	100,810	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	890	500	395	0.4	0.4	0.3	194,640	101,255	93,385	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	3,135	1,640	1,490	1.4	1.4	1.3	189,535	92,740	96,800	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belgian	1,190	560	625	0.5	0.5	0.5	182,175	90,150	92,030	0.5	0.5	0.5
Haitian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	178,990	84,510	94,490	0.5	0.5	0.5
Hindu	210	95	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	166,160	87,665	78,495	0.5	0.5	0.4
Mexican	850	470	380	0.4	0.4	0.3	155,495	77,435	78,055	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mennonite	970	495	480	0.4	0.4	0.4	155,095	77,735	77,360	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	2,340	1,165	1,180	1.0	1.0	1.0	145,570	72,015	73,555	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	2,610	1,280	1,330	1.1	1.1	1.1	144,055	69,270	74,785	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	132,410	65,175	67,240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatian	885	445	440	0.4	0.4	0.4	130,820	64,915	65,905	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	1,690	770	920	0.7	0.7	0.8	129,425	56,850	72,580	0.4	0.3	0.4
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	205	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	120,125	60,575	59,550	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	280	145	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	111,605	53,700	57,905	0.3	0.3	0.3
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	2,090	980	1,110	0.9	0.9	1.0	110,735	54,730	56,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	105,620	54,095	51,525	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	95	60	35	0.0	0.1	0.0	105,245	55,230	50,020	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	104,765	51,375	53,395	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	102,170	51,165	51,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Icelandic	1,495	735	755	0.6	0.6	0.7	101,990	50,370	51,620	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombian	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	100,555	47,995	52,560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Moroccan	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	99,980	50,835	49,150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Czech	1,120	560	565	0.5	0.5	0.5	98,925	47,495	51,430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	135	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	98,250	49,385	48,865	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	97,210	46,270	50,940	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afghan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	96,810	48,255	48,550	0.3	0.3	0.3
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	94,585	44,335	50,250	0.3	0.2	0.3
Serbian	235	120	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	93,360	46,945	46,410	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ojibway	455	260	195	0.2	0.2	0.2	92,220	44,610	47,600	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	330	160	175	0.1	0.1	0.2	91,670	45,665	46,005	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hong Konger	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	81,680	39,485	42,195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ontarian	195	70	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	80,555	39,675	40,880	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian	75	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	80,340	41,415	38,925	0.2	0.2	0.2
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	120	30	90	0.1	0.0	0.1	77,405	37,655	39,750	0.2	0.2	0.2
Turkish	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	76,745	39,955	36,795	0.2	0.2	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	160	100	55	0.1	0.1	0.0	76,675	37,315	39,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bangladeshi	110	60	50	0.0	0.1	0.0	75,425	39,085	36,335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algerian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	73,770	38,035	35,740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Brazilian	195	95	100	0.1	0.1	0.1	71,755	34,670	37,085	0.2	0.2	0.2
Nigerian	220	100	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	69,540	34,680	34,860	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	68,850	34,105	34,745	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovak	570	285	280	0.2	0.2	0.2	68,210	33,475	34,740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	535	265	270	0.2	0.2	0.2	66,780	31,525	35,255	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65,555	31,555	33,995	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwanese	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	64,020	29,280	34,740	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iraqi	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,300	29,865	29,435	0.2	0.2	0.2
Salvadorean	85	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,280	29,150	30,130	0.2	0.2	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	59,050	26,385	32,670	0.2	0.1	0.2
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	125	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	58,870	27,845	31,025	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	58,840	30,560	28,280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	57,195	25,715	31,475	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquin	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,070	27,025	29,040	0.2	0.2	0.2
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	52,085	23,685	28,395	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lithuanian	345	120	225	0.1	0.1	0.2	52,040	24,510	27,530	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	590	300	285	0.3	0.3	0.2	49,840	24,885	24,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	775	420	355	0.3	0.4	0.3	46,765	24,165	22,595	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,905	23,930	21,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chilean	180	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	45,685	22,520	23,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	45,260	22,000	23,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nova Scotian	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0	44,720	21,700	23,025	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,545	20,675	21,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	130	55	70	0.1	0.0	0.1	42,405	20,105	22,300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	42,295	19,925	22,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	100	65	35	0.0	0.1	0.0	42,075	21,740	20,330	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,950	19,835	22,115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,700	22,325	19,370	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	41,620	21,050	20,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	40,670	20,210	20,455	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	39,440	19,500	19,940	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovenian	235	100	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	38,595	18,785	19,815	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	380	160	225	0.2	0.1	0.2	38,520	18,935	19,585	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,670	18,235	19,435	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,970	19,580	17,385	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,290	18,185	18,110	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Canadian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,395	17,140	18,250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,345	18,410	16,940	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	33,330	16,485	16,845	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	375	180	200	0.2	0.2	0.2	33,135	15,355	17,775	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,085	16,235	16,850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	330	160	170	0.1	0.1	0.1	32,575	16,525	16,055	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,720	15,650	16,065	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,440	15,265	16,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	135	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	31,430	15,700	15,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	325	160	165	0.1	0.1	0.1	30,565	14,635	15,930	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,465	16,585	13,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	135	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	30,220	15,225	14,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,065	14,830	15,235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,490	14,320	14,170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,395	13,220	15,175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	28,225	13,490	14,735	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	255	140	120	0.1	0.1	0.1	28,140	13,515	14,620	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,675	13,830	12,850	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,535	12,960	13,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guatemalan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	26,460	13,920	12,540	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	140	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	26,330	11,910	14,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,875	12,500	13,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,575	11,860	13,715	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Irish	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	25,200	12,495	12,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	230	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	24,420	12,265	12,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	1,405	670	740	0.6	0.6	0.6	24,325	12,230	12,095	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ecuadorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,255	11,510	12,745	0.1	0.1	0.1
Franco Ontarian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	24,110	11,540	12,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Argentinian	100	35	70	0.0	0.0	0.1	23,500	11,665	11,840	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	245	125	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	23,455	11,080	12,375	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,130	12,670	10,460	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,020	11,040	11,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,785	11,695	11,090	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	205	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,785	11,680	11,105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,570	11,405	11,165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	110	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.1	22,275	8,525	13,750	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,125	10,615	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,975	11,215	10,765	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,565	10,595	9,975	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,685	9,730	9,955	0.1	0.1	0.1
Igbo	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,305	9,890	9,415	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	18,850	9,055	9,795	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	85	30	55	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,745	9,030	9,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	165	80	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	18,545	8,975	9,570	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,420	8,545	9,870	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldovan	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,190	8,850	9,340	0.1	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	65	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,955	8,625	9,330	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	390	175	215	0.2	0.2	0.2	17,755	9,275	8,470	0.0	0.1	0.0
Sudanese	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,485	8,825	8,665	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,465	8,710	8,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	115	55	60	0.0	0.0	0.1	17,315	7,300	10,020	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	65	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	17,050	7,935	9,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,570	8,255	8,310	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,315	8,565	7,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,910	7,715	8,195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	235	120	115	0.1	0.1	0.1	15,780	7,505	8,280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,660	7,485	8,175	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,650	7,290	8,360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,340	8,155	7,190	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,055	7,180	7,875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,010	7,255	7,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,265	6,730	7,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,260	6,525	7,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,110	6,810	7,295	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,910	7,435	6,470	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,840	6,730	7,120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,755	7,020	6,730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,565	6,510	7,055	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,525	6,610	6,915	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,245	5,800	7,445	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,225	7,055	6,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,095	6,530	6,565	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	13,065	6,175	6,885	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,890	6,150	6,740	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,890	5,965	6,930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,490	6,580	5,910	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,115	6,080	6,035	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,080	5,905	6,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,710	5,980	5,730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,920	5,370	5,550	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	250	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,825	5,080	5,745	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,750	5,130	5,620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,490	4,710	5,775	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	105	40	70	0.0	0.0	0.1	10,275	4,950	5,325	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,015	4,975	5,045	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,955	5,115	4,840	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,915	5,165	4,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,835	5,135	4,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,825	5,195	4,625	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,795	4,725	5,065	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,700	4,710	4,990	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,455	4,705	4,755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,350	4,650	4,700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,165	4,435	4,725	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,150	4,385	4,760	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,090	4,240	4,850	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,970	4,235	4,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,400	4,270	4,125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,315	4,220	4,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,310	3,765	4,545	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,285	3,910	4,375	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,255	4,425	3,830	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,140	3,945	4,195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,115	3,995	4,130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,080	3,830	4,250	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,945	4,265	3,680	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,745	4,030	3,710	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,660	3,870	3,790	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,640	3,835	3,805	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,635	3,690	3,950	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,535	3,305	4,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,480	3,865	3,620	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,415	3,615	3,800	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,390	3,700	3,695	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,285	3,340	3,945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,225	3,355	3,875	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,220	3,515	3,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,810	3,630	3,180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,670	3,730	2,945	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,545	3,225	3,320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	25	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,500	3,265	3,230	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,480	2,945	3,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,255	3,085	3,170	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,165	3,020	3,145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,060	2,755	3,305	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,050	3,065	2,985	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,985	2,995	2,995	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,980	2,965	3,015	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,945	3,010	2,930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,925	2,855	3,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	230,855	115,200	115,655	100.0	100.0	100.0	36,328,480	17,937,165	18,391,315	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	820	345	475	0.4	0.3	0.4	356,975	157,435	199,540	1.0	0.9	1.1
Christian	79,615	36,035	43,585	34.5	31.3	37.7	19,373,325	9,131,320	10,242,005	53.3	50.9	55.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	19,375	9,040	10,335	8.4	7.8	8.9	2,760,760	1,319,760	1,440,995	7.6	7.4	7.8
Anabaptist	720	355	370	0.3	0.3	0.3	144,145	70,095	74,050	0.4	0.4	0.4
Anglican	7,840	3,440	4,400	3.4	3.0	3.8	1,134,315	515,270	619,045	3.1	2.9	3.4
Baptist	3,090	1,375	1,715	1.3	1.2	1.5	436,940	200,325	236,615	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	23,480	11,170	12,305	10.2	9.7	10.6	10,880,360	5,193,345	5,687,010	29.9	29.0	30.9
Christian Orthodox	735	340	395	0.3	0.3	0.3	623,010	301,055	321,955	1.7	1.7	1.8
Jehovah's Witness	1,815	845	975	0.8	0.7	0.8	137,255	59,505	77,750	0.4	0.3	0.4
Latter Day Saints	840	340	495	0.4	0.3	0.4	87,725	41,365	46,360	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	3,360	1,400	1,965	1.5	1.2	1.7	328,045	150,115	177,925	0.9	0.8	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	215	75	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	100,655	46,640	54,020	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	2,110	955	1,160	0.9	0.8	1.0	399,025	180,870	218,155	1.1	1.0	1.2
Presbyterian	1,140	475	670	0.5	0.4	0.6	301,400	136,440	164,960	0.8	0.8	0.9
Reformed	285	145	135	0.1	0.1	0.1	79,870	39,250	40,620	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	8,845	3,490	5,355	3.8	3.0	4.6	1,214,185	531,740	682,445	3.3	3.0	3.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,755	2,575	3,180	2.5	2.2	2.7	745,650	345,540	400,110	2.1	1.9	2.2
Hindu	1,230	680	550	0.5	0.6	0.5	828,195	430,135	398,060	2.3	2.4	2.2
Jewish	190	95	95	0.1	0.1	0.1	335,295	164,220	171,070	0.9	0.9	0.9
Muslim	1,170	650	525	0.5	0.6	0.5	1,775,715	904,205	871,510	4.9	5.0	4.7
Sikh	2,950	1,625	1,325	1.3	1.4	1.1	771,790	394,345	377,445	2.1	2.2	2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,570	760	815	0.7	0.7	0.7	80,685	38,460	42,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	2,610	1,005	1,605	1.1	0.9	1.4	229,015	97,645	131,370	0.6	0.5	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	140,695	74,010	66,685	60.9	64.2	57.7	12,577,475	6,619,395	5,958,080	34.6	36.9	32.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	228,975	114,245	114,730	100.0	100.0	100.0	35,986,480	17,761,880	18,224,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	198,410	99,265	99,155	86.7	86.9	86.4	31,600,930	15,595,875	16,005,050	87.8	87.8	87.8
Movers	30,560	14,985	15,575	13.3	13.1	13.6	4,385,555	2,166,005	2,219,550	12.2	12.2	12.2
Non-migrants	16,815	8,170	8,645	7.3	7.2	7.5	2,572,400	1,270,395	1,302,005	7.1	7.2	7.1
Migrants	13,750	6,815	6,935	6.0	6.0	6.0	1,813,155	895,610	917,550	5.0	5.0	5.0
Internal migrants	12,625	6,295	6,335	5.5	5.5	5.5	1,519,200	748,025	771,180	4.2	4.2	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	9,705	4,880	4,825	4.2	4.3	4.2	1,250,235	612,810	637,425	3.5	3.5	3.5
Interprovincial migrants	2,925	1,410	1,515	1.3	1.2	1.3	268,965	135,215	133,750	0.7	0.8	0.7
External migrants	1,120	520	600	0.5	0.5	0.5	293,955	147,585	146,370	0.8	0.8	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	220,795	110,015	110,780	100.0	100.0	100.0	34,504,330	17,002,250	17,502,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	123,305	61,615	61,690	55.8	56.0	55.7	21,061,090	10,370,425	10,690,660	61.0	61.0	61.1
Movers	97,490	48,400	49,090	44.2	44.0	44.3	13,443,240	6,631,825	6,811,420	39.0	39.0	38.9
Non-migrants	35,195	17,415	17,780	15.9	15.8	16.0	5,773,890	2,840,425	2,933,460	16.7	16.7	16.8
Migrants	62,300	30,980	31,315	28.2	28.2	28.3	7,669,355	3,791,400	3,877,955	22.2	22.3	22.2
Internal migrants	57,090	28,315	28,780	25.9	25.7	26.0	5,976,960	2,932,205	3,044,755	17.3	17.2	17.4
Intraprovincial migrants	45,765	22,550	23,215	20.7	20.5	21.0	5,055,615	2,472,510	2,583,105	14.7	14.5	14.8
Interprovincial migrants	11,330	5,765	5,560	5.1	5.2	5.0	921,345	459,695	461,650	2.7	2.7	2.6
External migrants	5,210	2,670	2,535	2.4	2.4	2.3	1,692,390	859,195	833,200	4.9	5.1	4.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	196,815	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,250	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	39,255	22,085	17,165	19.9	22.6	17.3	5,474,175	2,907,175	2,567,000	18.0	19.6	16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	157,565	75,580	81,980	80.1	77.4	82.7	24,861,745	11,954,065	12,907,675	82.0	80.4	83.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,430	59,385	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,265	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	15,935	9,335	6,595	13.2	15.7	10.8	2,271,360	1,309,215	962,140	11.6	13.6	9.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	104,495	50,045	54,450	86.8	84.3	89.2	17,296,905	8,311,120	8,985,780	88.4	86.4	90.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	196,810	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	32,925	17,810	15,115	16.7	18.2	15.2	4,899,580	2,534,175	2,365,395	16.2	17.1	15.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	65,385	31,895	33,495	33.2	32.7	33.8	8,097,295	4,022,790	4,074,505	26.7	27.1	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	98,505	47,965	50,540	50.1	49.1	51.0	17,339,045	8,304,275	9,034,770	57.2	55.9	58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	67,305	34,640	32,655	34.2	35.5	32.9	9,252,800	4,623,985	4,628,815	30.5	31.1	29.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	23,270	18,505	4,770	11.8	18.9	4.8	2,641,555	1,811,500	830,055	8.7	12.2	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	8,550	5,235	3,315	4.3	5.4	3.3	1,458,160	827,980	630,185	4.8	5.6	4.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	14,720	13,265	1,455	7.5	13.6	1.5	1,183,395	983,525	199,870	3.9	6.6	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	35,990	13,310	22,685	18.3	13.6	22.9	5,714,490	2,439,925	3,274,560	18.8	16.4	21.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,035	2,835	5,205	4.1	2.9	5.2	896,755	372,560	524,195	3.0	2.5	3.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	31,200	13,325	17,885	15.9	13.6	18.0	8,086,245	3,680,285	4,405,955	26.7	24.8	28.5
Bachelor's degree	20,815	8,780	12,030	10.6	9.0	12.1	5,295,360	2,339,045	2,956,315	17.5	15.7	19.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,495	975	1,520	1.3	1.0	1.5	556,510	243,200	313,310	1.8	1.6	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	960	560	390	0.5	0.6	0.4	214,105	108,000	106,105	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	6,215	2,630	3,585	3.2	2.7	3.6	1,740,605	824,250	916,355	5.7	5.5	5.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	720	370	345	0.4	0.4	0.3	279,660	165,795	113,870	0.9	1.1	0.7
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	120,435	59,385	61,050	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,335	9,947,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,790	7,330	5,455	10.6	12.3	8.9	1,931,855	1,094,855	837,000	9.9	11.4	8.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	38,165	19,360	18,810	31.7	32.6	30.8	4,501,365	2,349,540	2,151,825	23.0	24.4	21.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	69,475	32,695	36,780	57.7	55.1	60.2	13,135,045	6,175,940	6,959,105	67.1	64.2	70.0
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	46,060	23,370	22,690	38.2	39.4	37.2	6,703,100	3,338,215	3,364,885	34.3	34.7	33.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	15,375	12,285	3,090	12.8	20.7	5.1	1,886,510	1,280,245	606,260	9.6	13.3	6.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,525	3,415	2,105	4.6	5.8	3.4	1,050,285	586,420	463,865	5.4	6.1	4.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	9,855	8,870	980	8.2	14.9	1.6	836,220	693,830	142,395	4.3	7.2	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	24,950	9,080	15,870	20.7	15.3	26.0	4,193,505	1,796,935	2,396,575	21.4	18.7	24.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,740	2,010	3,730	4.8	3.4	6.1	623,090	261,035	362,050	3.2	2.7	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	23,415	9,325	14,090	19.4	15.7	23.1	6,431,940	2,837,720	3,594,215	32.9	29.5	36.1
Bachelor's degree	15,860	6,385	9,480	13.2	10.8	15.5	4,177,455	1,808,555	2,368,900	21.3	18.8	23.8
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,775	635	1,135	1.5	1.1	1.9	430,875	179,230	251,645	2.2	1.9	2.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	700	355	350	0.6	0.6	0.6	167,730	75,120	92,615	0.9	0.8	0.9
Master's degree	4,595	1,730	2,865	3.8	2.9	4.7	1,446,435	659,295	787,145	7.4	6.9	7.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	485	225	260	0.4	0.4	0.4	209,445	115,530	93,915	1.1	1.2	0.9
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	196,815	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	98,305	49,705	48,605	49.9	50.9	49.0	12,996,870	6,556,970	6,439,900	42.8	44.1	41.6
Education	8,095	2,115	5,980	4.1	2.2	6.0	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	3.7	1.7	5.5
13. Education	8,095	2,115	5,980	4.1	2.2	6.0	1,113,015	258,365	854,655	3.7	1.7	5.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,165	930	1,240	1.1	1.0	1.3	631,255	274,065	357,190	2.1	1.8	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	245	185	60	0.1	0.2	0.1	74,785	53,390	21,395	0.2	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,925	745	1,175	1.0	0.8	1.2	556,470	220,680	335,790	1.8	1.5	2.2
Humanities	3,440	1,410	2,030	1.7	1.4	2.0	926,560	354,120	572,440	3.1	2.4	3.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	250	70	185	0.1	0.1	0.2	106,345	23,460	82,885	0.4	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	760	230	530	0.4	0.2	0.5	184,600	53,020	131,580	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,080	360	720	0.5	0.4	0.7	316,050	119,215	196,830	1.0	0.8	1.3
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,935	6,835	12,095	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	195	125	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	57,745	33,040	24,700	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	645	360	285	0.3	0.4	0.3	77,510	46,140	31,365	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	405	225	180	0.2	0.2	0.2	108,935	58,310	50,620	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0	56,440	14,090	42,345	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,685	2,295	5,390	3.9	2.3	5.4	2,016,125	670,770	1,345,360	6.6	4.5	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	130	25	100	0.1	0.0	0.1	29,430	7,065	22,365	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	580	245	335	0.3	0.3	0.3	233,400	88,205	145,200	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,795	90	1,705	0.9	0.1	1.7	344,150	27,905	316,240	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	1,425	370	1,055	0.7	0.4	1.1	325,785	115,335	210,445	1.1	0.8	1.4
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	160	50	110	0.1	0.1	0.1	49,855	16,000	33,850	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	1,305	370	935	0.7	0.4	0.9	327,965	79,295	248,665	1.1	0.5	1.6
45. Social sciences	2,305	1,145	1,160	1.2	1.2	1.2	705,540	336,960	368,580	2.3	2.3	2.4
Business, management and public administration	17,875	5,625	12,255	9.1	5.8	12.4	3,758,250	1,488,175	2,270,075	12.4	10.0	14.7
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,335	1,705	3,630	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,290	360	1,930	1.2	0.4	1.9	272,240	55,995	216,245	0.9	0.4	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	15,570	5,265	10,300	7.9	5.4	10.4	3,480,675	1,430,475	2,050,200	11.5	9.6	13.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,165	1,630	1,530	1.6	1.7	1.5	719,715	353,540	366,175	2.4	2.4	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,420	635	785	0.7	0.7	0.8	297,055	121,615	175,435	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	745	355	390	0.4	0.4	0.4	155,955	72,245	83,705	0.5	0.5	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	35,380	14,950	20,430	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	735	545	195	0.4	0.6	0.2	196,620	130,745	65,875	0.6	0.9	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	220	75	140	0.1	0.1	0.1	34,710	13,985	20,730	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	2,050	1,215	840	1.0	1.2	0.8	804,230	531,435	272,795	2.7	3.6	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,615	1,050	570	0.8	1.1	0.6	643,145	454,370	188,775	2.1	3.1	1.2
25. Library science	185	0	185	0.1	0.0	0.2	43,085	7,100	35,985	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	225	140	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	99,360	57,560	41,800	0.3	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,640	12,400	6,240	0.1	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	24,800	23,245	1,550	12.6	23.8	1.6	3,506,120	3,131,220	374,900	11.6	21.1	2.4
04. Architecture and related services	305	190	115	0.2	0.2	0.1	135,020	81,930	53,090	0.4	0.6	0.3
14. Engineering	2,305	1,985	320	1.2	2.0	0.3	900,475	723,080	177,395	3.0	4.9	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,150	3,635	515	2.1	3.7	0.5	726,155	638,355	87,800	2.4	4.3	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	580	190	390	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	7,105	6,845	260	3.6	7.0	0.3	703,905	683,060	20,845	2.3	4.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	7,490	7,255	235	3.8	7.4	0.2	659,480	640,895	18,590	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	3,435	3,335	100	1.7	3.4	0.1	380,505	363,710	16,795	1.3	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,030	3,075	1,955	2.6	3.1	2.0	407,545	234,360	173,175	1.3	1.6	1.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,935	880	1,055	1.0	0.9	1.1	262,580	140,520	122,070	0.9	0.9	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	3,090	2,190	900	1.6	2.2	0.9	144,960	93,845	51,115	0.5	0.6	0.3
Health and related fields	17,035	2,515	14,515	8.7	2.6	14.6	2,444,500	485,615	1,958,885	8.1	3.3	12.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	970	525	450	0.5	0.5	0.5	180,785	89,005	91,780	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15,740	1,820	13,925	8.0	1.9	14.0	2,194,395	360,540	1,833,855	7.2	2.4	11.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,255	1,425	3,825	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	305	170	130	0.2	0.2	0.1	64,030	34,630	29,400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	7,145	3,915	3,230	3.6	4.0	3.3	1,006,425	520,970	485,455	3.3	3.5	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	4,090	1,220	2,865	2.1	1.2	2.9	548,520	151,115	397,410	1.8	1.0	2.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,965	3,520	445	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,900	6,210	690	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	940	695	240	0.5	0.7	0.2	227,835	160,930	66,905	0.8	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,095	1,970	125	1.1	2.0	0.1	219,205	199,190	20,010	0.7	1.3	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,305	1,640	3,665	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	120,430	59,385	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	50,955	26,695	24,265	42.3	45.0	39.7	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	32.9	35.8	30.0
Education	5,045	1,045	3,995	4.2	1.8	6.5	742,175	158,185	583,990	3.8	1.6	5.9
13. Education	5,045	1,045	3,995	4.2	1.8	6.5	742,175	158,185	583,990	3.8	1.6	5.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,685	705	985	1.4	1.2	1.6	490,455	210,500	279,955	2.5	2.2	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	130	90	40	0.1	0.2	0.1	54,645	38,170	16,475	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,550	615	940	1.3	1.0	1.5	435,815	172,330	263,480	2.2	1.8	2.6
Humanities	2,415	960	1,455	2.0	1.6	2.4	649,695	241,235	408,465	3.3	2.5	4.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	195	50	145	0.2	0.1	0.2	79,235	16,400	62,835	0.4	0.2	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	525	155	365	0.4	0.3	0.6	134,815	37,610	97,210	0.7	0.4	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	755	235	520	0.6	0.4	0.9	216,725	80,505	136,220	1.1	0.8	1.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,910	4,540	8,370	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	155	100	55	0.1	0.2	0.1	41,640	23,645	17,990	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	400	225	175	0.3	0.4	0.3	48,920	29,245	19,675	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	315	170	150	0.3	0.3	0.2	78,415	40,800	37,615	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	37,045	8,490	28,555	0.2	0.1	0.3
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,770	1,595	4,170	4.8	2.7	6.8	1,588,720	502,835	1,085,885	8.1	5.2	10.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	85	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1	23,895	5,520	18,370	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	455	170	285	0.4	0.3	0.5	196,475	72,125	124,350	1.0	0.7	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,355	70	1,290	1.1	0.1	2.1	270,970	20,095	250,875	1.4	0.2	2.5
22. Legal professions and studies	1,090	235	855	0.9	0.4	1.4	261,265	82,850	178,420	1.3	0.9	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	115	30	85	0.1	0.1	0.1	37,830	12,160	25,670	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	940	235	710	0.8	0.4	1.2	249,205	55,840	193,365	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	1,735	845	890	1.4	1.4	1.5	549,090	254,250	294,840	2.8	2.6	3.0
Business, management and public administration	12,785	3,975	8,815	10.6	6.7	14.4	2,941,315	1,140,050	1,801,260	15.0	11.9	18.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,995	1,335	2,665	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,685	225	1,455	1.4	0.4	2.4	213,140	40,230	172,910	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	11,100	3,745	7,350	9.2	6.3	12.0	2,724,175	1,098,490	1,625,685	13.9	11.4	16.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,305	1,115	1,185	1.9	1.9	1.9	513,555	241,780	271,785	2.6	2.5	2.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,055	430	625	0.9	0.7	1.0	227,460	90,390	137,075	1.2	0.9	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	575	255	315	0.5	0.4	0.5	108,350	48,075	60,280	0.6	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,270	5,690	8,580	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	535	380	150	0.4	0.6	0.2	140,510	88,540	51,970	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1	22,960	9,090	13,870	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,610	1,035	580	1.3	1.7	1.0	667,305	445,970	221,330	3.4	4.6	2.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,365	935	425	1.1	1.6	0.7	554,185	392,835	161,350	2.8	4.1	1.6
25. Library science	105	0	105	0.1	0.0	0.2	27,610	4,720	22,885	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	140	95	45	0.1	0.2	0.1	70,940	39,000	31,940	0.4	0.4	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,565	9,415	5,155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	16,705	15,455	1,250	13.9	26.0	2.0	2,611,205	2,292,785	318,420	13.3	23.8	3.2
04. Architecture and related services	220	130	90	0.2	0.2	0.1	105,845	61,230	44,605	0.5	0.6	0.4
14. Engineering	1,670	1,415	255	1.4	2.4	0.4	724,235	568,385	155,850	3.7	5.9	1.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,850	2,430	420	2.4	4.1	0.7	536,600	464,510	72,090	2.7	4.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	510	160	350	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,860	4,640	215	4.0	7.8	0.4	510,105	493,000	17,100	2.6	5.1	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	4,860	4,675	190	4.0	7.9	0.3	467,225	452,385	14,840	2.4	4.7	0.1
48. Precision production	2,240	2,160	85	1.9	3.6	0.1	266,690	253,110	13,585	1.4	2.6	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	3,870	2,165	1,705	3.2	3.6	2.8	314,120	170,440	143,680	1.6	1.8	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,470	575	895	1.2	1.0	1.5	199,335	99,700	99,635	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,400	1,590	810	2.0	2.7	1.3	114,780	70,745	44,040	0.6	0.7	0.4
Health and related fields	12,165	1,850	10,315	10.1	3.1	16.9	1,839,975	371,180	1,468,795	9.4	3.9	14.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	765	405	365	0.6	0.7	0.6	139,280	67,885	71,385	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,140	1,335	9,810	9.3	2.2	16.1	1,648,120	279,090	1,369,030	8.4	2.9	13.8
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,430	945	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	240	110	125	0.2	0.2	0.2	48,115	23,255	24,860	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,110	2,800	2,315	4.2	4.7	3.8	772,450	399,835	372,615	3.9	4.2	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,915	905	2,015	2.4	1.5	3.3	414,520	112,935	301,590	2.1	1.2	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,955	2,575	375	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,850	3,415	435	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	690	485	205	0.6	0.8	0.3	183,025	128,295	54,725	0.9	1.3	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,500	1,400	100	1.2	2.4	0.2	168,105	152,620	15,485	0.9	1.6	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,075	1,150	2,930	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	120,430	59,385	61,045	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,568,260	9,620,340	9,947,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	50,955	26,695	24,265	42.3	45.0	39.7	6,433,215	3,444,395	2,988,825	32.9	35.8	30.0
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	69,475	32,695	36,780	57.7	55.1	60.3	13,135,040	6,175,940	6,959,100	67.1	64.2	70.0
Location of study inside Canada	62,655	29,335	33,320	52.0	49.4	54.6	10,490,520	4,926,390	5,564,130	53.6	51.2	55.9
Same as province or territory of residence	49,475	22,940	26,540	41.1	38.6	43.5	9,251,025	4,324,195	4,926,830	47.3	44.9	49.5
Different than province or territory of residence	13,185	6,405	6,785	10.9	10.8	11.1	1,239,495	602,195	637,300	6.3	6.3	6.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	6,820	3,360	3,460	5.7	5.7	5.7	2,644,520	1,249,550	1,394,970	13.5	13.0	14.0
Americas	1,645	760	895	1.4	1.3	1.5	483,810	238,040	245,775	2.5	2.5	2.5
United States of America	1,380	655	730	1.1	1.1	1.2	279,005	143,575	135,435	1.4	1.5	1.4
Mexico	125	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1	36,400	16,175	20,230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,345	4,275	4,070	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,620	5,645	4,970	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,780	6,110	6,670	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.1	40,050	18,445	21,605	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	31,165	13,875	17,295	0.2	0.1	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,780	3,025	4,750	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,655	5,330	7,320	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Americas	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	45,000	21,575	23,425	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	2,135	1,095	1,040	1.8	1.8	1.7	543,725	281,205	262,520	2.8	2.9	2.6
Belgium	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0	7,795	4,260	3,535	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0	97,770	53,930	43,840	0.5	0.6	0.4
Germany	375	195	180	0.3	0.3	0.3	22,450	12,070	10,380	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	10,825	6,065	4,765	0.1	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	160	65	95	0.1	0.1	0.2	8,470	4,420	4,050	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,160	2,465	2,700	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,055	4,165	4,890	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,215	11,115	14,100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	32,250	16,190	16,060	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian Federation	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,095	16,250	19,845	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	36,405	16,635	19,775	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,040	9,175	6,865	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	920	510	415	0.8	0.9	0.7	151,900	81,980	69,920	0.8	0.9	0.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,030	2,915	3,115	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,895	5,055	3,840	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,745	4,470	4,280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	240	90	145	0.2	0.2	0.2	60,615	30,055	30,560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	415	210	200	0.3	0.4	0.3	216,815	111,010	105,805	1.1	1.2	1.1
Nigeria	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	33,280	16,395	16,880	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,230	17,020	16,210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Morocco	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	23,640	12,125	11,510	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisia	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,655	7,100	5,555	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egypt	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,255	15,145	15,115	0.2	0.2	0.2
South Africa, Republic of	195	110	85	0.2	0.2	0.1	19,060	9,900	9,160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	64,700	33,325	31,385	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asia	2,140	1,015	1,125	1.8	1.7	1.8	1,352,215	594,805	757,410	6.9	6.2	7.6
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	66,630	30,180	36,450	0.3	0.3	0.4
Iraq	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,515	8,250	8,265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,355	5,725	5,630	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	19,565	9,355	10,210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	16,405	7,885	8,520	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,855	6,595	5,260	0.1	0.1	0.1
China⁹⁰	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1	201,100	87,370	113,720	1.0	0.9	1.1
Taiwan	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,520	4,750	9,770	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	18,325	7,445	10,875	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	105	20	85	0.1	0.0	0.1	18,605	5,280	13,325	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	140	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1	53,575	20,575	33,000	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	535	170	365	0.4	0.3	0.6	305,795	115,370	190,420	1.6	1.2	1.9
Viet Nam	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0	12,500	4,490	8,005	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladesh	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	25,000	11,360	13,645	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15,085	7,090	7,995	0.1	0.1	0.1
India	875	545	330	0.7	0.9	0.5	405,850	199,380	206,475	2.1	2.1	2.1
Pakistan	55	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	75,155	35,055	40,100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Other locations of study in Asia	110	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	64,385	28,650	35,735	0.3	0.3	0.4
Oceania	490	275	205	0.4	0.5	0.3	47,960	24,495	23,460	0.2	0.3	0.2
Australia	335	175	155	0.3	0.3	0.3	38,525	19,270	19,250	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	135	90	45	0.1	0.2	0.1	7,785	4,300	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,655	930	730	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	196,810	97,670	99,145	...	...	...	30,335,915	14,861,245	15,474,670	...	...	...
In the labour force	115,110	60,520	54,595	...	...	...	19,310,345	10,056,270	9,254,070	...	...	...
Employed	105,150	54,995	50,160	...	...	...	17,321,695	9,056,680	8,265,025	...	...	...
Unemployed	9,965	5,525	4,435	...	...	...	1,988,645	999,600	989,045	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	81,700	37,150	44,550	...	...	...	11,025,575	4,804,970	6,220,605	...	...	...
Participation rate	58.5	62.0	55.1	58.5	62.0	55.1	63.7	67.7	59.8	63.7	67.7	59.8
Employment rate	53.4	56.3	50.6	53.4	56.3	50.6	57.1	60.9	53.4	57.1	60.9	53.4
Unemployment rate	8.7	9.1	8.1	8.7	9.1	8.1	10.3	9.9	10.7	10.3	9.9	10.7
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	196,815	97,670	99,145	100.0	100.0	100.0	30,335,920	14,861,245	15,474,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	81,185	37,365	43,815	41.2	38.3	44.2	11,140,775	4,889,605	6,251,170	36.7	32.9	40.4
Worked	115,630	60,305	55,330	58.8	61.7	55.8	19,195,145	9,971,640	9,223,500	63.3	67.1	59.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	56,795	32,360	24,440	28.9	33.1	24.7	10,215,385	5,685,910	4,529,475	33.7	38.3	29.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	58,835	27,950	30,885	29.9	28.6	31.2	8,979,760	4,285,730	4,694,025	29.6	28.8	30.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.5	41.1	39.9	40.5	41.1	39.9	41.0	41.7	40.3	41.0	41.7	40.3
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	115,115	60,520	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,200	1,165	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.9	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	112,915	59,355	53,560	98.1	98.1	98.1	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3
Employee	94,380	48,460	45,920	82.0	80.1	84.1	16,103,455	8,139,075	7,964,375	83.4	80.9	86.1
Permanent position	77,705	40,550	37,155	67.5	67.0	68.1	13,431,685	6,866,375	6,565,310	69.6	68.3	70.9
Temporary position	16,675	7,910	8,765	14.5	13.1	16.1	2,671,765	1,272,700	1,399,065	13.8	12.7	15.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	3,815	1,625	2,190	3.3	2.7	4.0	867,740	386,965	480,775	4.5	3.8	5.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,860	6,285	6,570	11.2	10.4	12.0	1,804,030	885,740	918,285	9.3	8.8	9.9
Self-employed¹⁹²	18,530	10,895	7,635	16.1	18.0	14.0	2,720,025	1,679,250	1,040,780	14.1	16.7	11.2
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	115,115	60,520	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,200	1,165	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.9	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	112,915	59,355	53,560	98.1	98.1	98.1	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	870	545	325	0.8	0.9	0.6	254,760	177,450	77,315	1.3	1.8	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	15,580	3,525	12,060	13.5	5.8	22.1	3,303,180	1,062,425	2,240,755	17.1	10.6	24.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	6,100	4,605	1,495	5.3	7.6	2.7	1,587,980	1,199,390	388,595	8.2	11.9	4.2
3 Health occupations	9,260	1,575	7,690	8.0	2.6	14.1	1,504,100	298,960	1,205,135	7.8	3.0	13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	12,590	3,955	8,630	10.9	6.5	15.8	2,322,345	752,280	1,570,075	12.0	7.5	17.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,410	900	1,510	2.1	1.5	2.8	596,785	275,420	321,360	3.1	2.7	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	28,835	11,585	17,250	25.0	19.1	31.6	4,616,050	2,072,110	2,543,945	23.9	20.6	27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	26,105	23,825	2,280	22.7	39.4	4.2	3,239,500	2,950,915	288,585	16.8	29.3	3.1
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	6,715	5,105	1,610	5.8	8.4	2.9	541,235	416,960	124,270	2.8	4.1	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	4,450	3,730	720	3.9	6.2	1.3	857,540	612,415	245,120	4.4	6.1	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	115,115	60,520	54,590	100.0	100.0	100.0	19,310,340	10,056,275	9,254,070	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	2,200	1,165	1,035	1.9	1.9	1.9	486,865	237,950	248,915	2.5	2.4	2.7
All industries¹⁹¹	112,915	59,355	53,560	98.1	98.1	98.1	18,823,480	9,818,325	9,005,160	97.5	97.6	97.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	5,560	3,890	1,670	4.8	6.4	3.1	434,800	295,160	139,640	2.3	2.9	1.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	3,795	3,355	435	3.3	5.5	0.8	239,030	195,605	43,425	1.2	1.9	0.5
22 Utilities	805	635	170	0.7	1.0	0.3	147,750	109,475	38,270	0.8	1.1	0.4
23 Construction	11,785	10,045	1,740	10.2	16.6	3.2	1,469,085	1,269,060	200,025	7.6	12.6	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	6,840	5,455	1,390	5.9	9.0	2.5	1,540,490	1,095,160	445,330	8.0	10.9	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	2,485	1,835	645	2.2	3.0	1.2	610,295	406,960	203,335	3.2	4.0	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	14,050	6,515	7,530	12.2	10.8	13.8	2,149,640	1,027,160	1,122,480	11.1	10.2	12.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,795	4,565	1,230	5.0	7.5	2.3	981,030	742,515	238,515	5.1	7.4	2.6
51 Information and cultural industries	1,080	575	510	0.9	1.0	0.9	400,460	237,940	162,520	2.1	2.4	1.8
52 Finance and insurance	2,400	635	1,760	2.1	1.0	3.2	815,225	358,145	457,080	4.2	3.6	4.9
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,690	810	880	1.5	1.3	1.6	343,940	186,230	157,710	1.8	1.9	1.7
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	6,230	3,005	3,225	5.4	5.0	5.9	1,571,160	877,780	693,380	8.1	8.7	7.5
55 Management of companies and enterprises	140	90	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	45,455	21,495	23,955	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,505	2,580	1,930	3.9	4.3	3.5	792,600	457,880	334,725	4.1	4.6	3.6
61 Educational services	7,390	2,185	5,210	6.4	3.6	9.5	1,413,320	436,645	976,670	7.3	4.3	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	15,150	2,435	12,720	13.2	4.0	23.3	2,446,370	470,340	1,976,030	12.7	4.7	21.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,890	1,455	1,435	2.5	2.4	2.6	350,710	180,205	170,500	1.8	1.8	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	8,515	3,485	5,030	7.4	5.8	9.2	1,085,270	478,000	607,270	5.6	4.8	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,030	2,540	2,490	4.4	4.2	4.6	797,935	373,775	424,165	4.1	3.7	4.6
91 Public administration	6,765	3,260	3,505	5.9	5.4	6.4	1,188,915	598,780	590,135	6.2	6.0	6.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	125,840	65,580	60,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	123,780	64,735	59,045	98.4	98.7	98.0	14,942,170	7,807,315	7,134,855	72.4	73.0	71.8
French	130	45	90	0.1	0.1	0.1	3,164,890	1,592,470	1,572,420	15.3	14.9	15.8
Non-official language	275	130	145	0.2	0.2	0.2	169,205	89,515	79,685	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	6,935	3,590	3,345	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	230	125	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	162,265	85,925	76,345	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	550	190	355	0.4	0.3	0.6	1,682,510	859,635	822,870	8.2	8.0	8.3
English and non-official language(s)	1,090	475	615	0.9	0.7	1.0	570,220	291,000	279,220	2.8	2.7	2.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20,935	9,955	10,980	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	69,340	34,190	35,145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,265	5,960	5,305	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	125,840	65,580	60,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	125,640	65,500	60,140	99.8	99.9	99.8	20,176,640	10,458,830	9,717,810	97.8	97.8	97.8
Official languages	125,165	65,265	59,895	99.5	99.5	99.4	19,866,180	10,297,010	9,569,175	96.3	96.3	96.3
English	124,915	65,185	59,730	99.3	99.4	99.1	15,879,850	8,272,750	7,607,105	77.0	77.4	76.5
French	250	85	170	0.2	0.1	0.3	3,986,330	2,024,260	1,962,070	19.3	18.9	19.7
Non-official languages	480	235	245	0.4	0.4	0.4	310,455	161,825	148,635	1.5	1.5	1.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	10	55	0.1	0.0	0.1	19,435	9,725	9,710	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	11,600	6,020	5,575	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,115	4,715	4,400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,015	585	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,985	3,170	2,815	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	110	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	385	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	110	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	140	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,695	2,500	2,205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,955	875	1,075	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	435	400	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	825	430	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,585	830	755	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	490	385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	695	340	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	610	295	320	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	895	410	480	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	890	410	475	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	535	255	280	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	75	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,630	3,200	3,425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,605	3,200	3,405	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	125	50	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	30	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	415	225	190	0.3	0.3	0.3	291,025	152,095	138,925	1.4	1.4	1.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,265	5,300	3,955	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	415	185	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	365	155	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	8,785	5,080	3,705	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	215	95	120	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,190	4,250	2,940	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	325	130	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	240	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	70	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	585	240	340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	325	165	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,770	4,135	5,635	0.0	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	495	215	285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,260	3,905	5,350	0.0	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,760	2,180	2,580	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	165	90	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	170	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	4,205	1,895	2,310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	390	185	210	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	375	170	205	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,010	1,410	1,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	250	140	110	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,685	1,255	1,425	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	215	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2	112,395	64,055	48,335	0.5	0.6	0.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	315	170	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	530	295	235	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10,085	4,390	5,695	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	95	15	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	50	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	9,995	4,375	5,620	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	145	55	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	75	60	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	1,000	1,265	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,240	2,085	3,155	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	835	485	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	80	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	155	95	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	555	310	245	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,265	620	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	14,250	8,060	6,190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	70	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1	10,480	5,695	4,790	0.1	0.1	0.0
German	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.1	6,615	3,655	2,970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,560	1,405	1,150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0	255	115	135	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,050	520	530	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,540	2,245	1,290	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	965	515	440	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	560	420	140	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,940	1,275	670	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	190	100	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	875	445	430	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	55,455	32,965	22,490	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	48,020	28,910	19,100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	645	290	355	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,115	515	600	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,235	1,145	1,090	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	275	125	145	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1	40,840	25,480	15,365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	105	80	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,725	1,265	1,465	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,430	4,045	3,385	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	175	145	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,110	3,825	3,285	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	800	445	360	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	5,715	2,980	2,735	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	595	400	195	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0	30,795	17,685	13,105	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,625	730	900	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,970	4,070	2,895	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	680	375	310	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	21,455	12,465	8,990	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	35	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	3,560	1,225	2,340	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0	14,345	7,125	7,225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	410	210	200	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	150	95	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,010	795	1,210	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,590	620	970	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	285	110	180	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	65	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	128,375	64,180	64,190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	125	75	50	0.1	0.1	0.1	128,045	63,990	64,055	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0	76,040	37,760	38,280	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	210	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	35	20	0.0	0.1	0.0	50,950	25,725	25,225	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	460	240	220	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	295	175	125	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	135	85	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	120	80	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	765	310	450	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	670	275	395	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,345	695	650	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	1,270	660	615	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	485	215	270	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	70	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	90	25	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	330	170	160	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	200	85	120	0.2	0.1	0.2	453,880	231,205	222,675	2.2	2.2	2.2
English and French	75	25	50	0.1	0.0	0.1	321,975	163,305	158,675	1.6	1.5	1.6
English and non-official language(s)	120	55	70	0.1	0.1	0.1	115,955	60,210	55,745	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	6,280	2,795	3,485	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	7,405	3,795	3,605	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,265	1,100	1,165	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	125,840	65,580	60,260	100.0	100.0	100.0	20,630,520	10,690,035	9,940,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,385	64,985	59,400	98.8	99.1	98.6	18,696,980	9,704,050	8,992,935	90.6	90.8	90.5
English	320	145	180	0.3	0.2	0.3	902,625	474,755	427,875	4.4	4.4	4.3
French	360	130	225	0.3	0.2	0.4	589,755	288,955	300,800	2.9	2.7	3.0
Non-official language	665	275	390	0.5	0.4	0.6	331,375	168,035	163,335	1.6	1.6	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	185	65	120	0.1	0.1	0.2	18,190	7,740	10,450	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	480	210	270	0.4	0.3	0.4	313,185	160,295	152,885	1.5	1.5	1.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	2,940	1,445	1,495	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	33,125	15,680	17,445	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	22,615	11,475	11,135	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	360	210	150	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	105	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1	50,740	25,425	25,315	0.2	0.2	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	105,150	54,990	50,160	100.0	100.0	100.0	17,321,700	9,056,680	8,265,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	14,535	6,295	8,240	13.8	11.4	16.4	4,214,860	2,000,150	2,214,705	24.3	22.1	26.8
Worked outside Canada	155	115	45	0.1	0.2	0.1	58,335	40,295	18,035	0.3	0.4	0.2
No fixed workplace address	17,980	13,695	4,285	17.1	24.9	8.5	2,201,745	1,660,325	541,415	12.7	18.3	6.6
Usual place of work	72,480	34,895	37,585	68.9	63.5	74.9	10,846,770	5,355,910	5,490,860	62.6	59.1	66.4
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	72,480	34,895	37,585	100.0	100.0	100.0	10,846,770	5,355,905	5,490,860	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	49,345	21,940	27,405	68.1	62.9	72.9	6,397,120	2,970,205	3,426,915	59.0	55.5	62.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	18,355	9,920	8,440	25.3	28.4	22.5	2,343,640	1,185,830	1,157,810	21.6	22.1	21.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,070	2,475	1,595	5.6	7.1	4.2	2,007,950	1,139,665	868,285	18.5	21.3	15.8
Commute to a different province or territory	710	565	150	1.0	1.6	0.4	98,060	60,210	37,850	0.9	1.1	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	90,455	48,585	41,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	79,335	43,065	36,270	87.7	88.6	86.6	10,950,750	6,060,925	4,889,825	83.9	86.4	81.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	73,725	40,460	33,265	81.5	83.3	79.4	10,106,595	5,717,830	4,388,770	77.5	81.5	72.8
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,615	2,610	3,005	6.2	5.4	7.2	844,155	343,100	501,050	6.5	4.9	8.3
Public transit	2,265	1,060	1,200	2.5	2.2	2.9	1,000,510	422,270	578,235	7.7	6.0	9.6
Walked	5,540	2,370	3,175	6.1	4.9	7.6	672,815	296,610	376,205	5.2	4.2	6.2
Bicycle	1,225	785	440	1.4	1.6	1.1	138,615	92,195	46,415	1.1	1.3	0.8
Other method	2,090	1,310	785	2.3	2.7	1.9	285,820	144,225	141,595	2.2	2.1	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	90,455	48,585	41,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	42,385	20,270	22,115	46.9	41.7	52.8	4,178,570	1,993,385	2,185,185	32.0	28.4	36.2
15 to 29 minutes	29,380	15,610	13,770	32.5	32.1	32.9	4,546,195	2,418,910	2,127,285	34.8	34.5	35.3
30 to 44 minutes	8,935	5,500	3,435	9.9	11.3	8.2	2,487,010	1,462,340	1,024,670	19.1	20.8	17.0
45 to 59 minutes	4,025	2,640	1,385	4.4	5.4	3.3	910,610	542,485	368,125	7.0	7.7	6.1
60 minutes and over	5,720	4,555	1,160	6.3	9.4	2.8	926,120	599,115	327,005	7.1	8.5	5.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	90,455	48,585	41,870	100.0	100.0	100.0	13,048,510	7,016,230	6,032,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	7,520	5,910	1,610	8.3	12.2	3.8	938,820	701,960	236,865	7.2	10.0	3.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	15,865	10,675	5,190	17.5	22.0	12.4	2,274,845	1,465,860	808,985	17.4	20.9	13.4
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	24,315	12,655	11,660	26.9	26.0	27.8	3,435,740	1,776,900	1,658,845	26.3	25.3	27.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	19,515	7,570	11,945	21.6	15.6	28.5	2,711,355	1,189,065	1,522,290	20.8	16.9	25.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	9,890	3,865	6,025	10.9	8.0	14.4	1,661,340	740,915	920,430	12.7	10.6	15.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,350	7,920	5,435	14.8	16.3	13.0	2,026,405	1,141,540	884,865	15.5	16.3	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	41,875	21,580	20,295	100.0	100.0	100.0	7,335,800	3,768,210	3,567,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	2,455	1,245	1,210	5.9	5.8	6.0	897,205	456,120	441,085	12.2	12.1	12.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	39,420	20,330	19,085	94.1	94.2	94.0	6,438,595	3,312,090	3,126,505	87.8	87.9	87.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	30,930	16,000	14,935	100.0	100.0	100.0	5,372,330	2,761,965	2,610,365	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,890	970	925	6.1	6.1	6.2	682,190	346,420	335,770	12.7	12.5	12.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	985	480	505	3.2	3.0	3.4	467,685	234,475	233,215	8.7	8.5	8.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	905	490	420	2.9	3.1	2.8	214,500	111,950	102,550	4.0	4.1	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	29,045	15,030	14,010	93.9	93.9	93.8	4,690,140	2,415,545	2,274,595	87.3	87.5	87.1

Symbol legend

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not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 4, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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