Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Okanagan Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	403,950	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	191,255	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	174,137	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	403,950	196,785	207,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	53,945	27,565	26,380	13.4	14.0	12.7
0 to 4 years	15,645	8,015	7,630	3.9	4.1	3.7
5 to 9 years	18,630	9,495	9,140	4.6	4.8	4.4
10 to 14 years	19,665	10,055	9,610	4.9	5.1	4.6
15 to 64 years	245,115	120,310	124,805	60.7	61.1	60.2
15 to 19 years	19,075	9,765	9,310	4.7	5.0	4.5
20 to 24 years	20,580	10,685	9,895	5.1	5.4	4.8
25 to 29 years	22,050	11,135	10,920	5.5	5.7	5.3
30 to 34 years	23,940	11,925	12,010	5.9	6.1	5.8
35 to 39 years	24,945	12,385	12,560	6.2	6.3	6.1
40 to 44 years	22,895	11,290	11,610	5.7	5.7	5.6
45 to 49 years	22,555	11,155	11,405	5.6	5.7	5.5
50 to 54 years	24,220	11,715	12,505	6.0	6.0	6.0
55 to 59 years	30,630	14,170	16,465	7.6	7.2	7.9
60 to 64 years	34,220	16,095	18,125	8.5	8.2	8.7
65 years and over	104,890	48,905	55,980	26.0	24.9	27.0
65 to 69 years	31,365	14,785	16,575	7.8	7.5	8.0
70 to 74 years	27,505	13,300	14,205	6.8	6.8	6.9
75 to 79 years	19,010	9,130	9,880	4.7	4.6	4.8
80 to 84 years	13,410	6,215	7,190	3.3	3.2	3.5
85 years and over	13,600	5,470	8,130	3.4	2.8	3.9
85 to 89 years	8,210	3,640	4,570	2.0	1.8	2.2
90 to 94 years	4,210	1,500	2,710	1.0	0.8	1.3
95 to 99 years	1,015	300	720	0.3	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	165	35	130	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.4	14.0	12.7	13.4	14.0	12.7
15 to 64 years	60.7	61.1	60.2	60.7	61.1	60.2
65 years and over	26.0	24.9	27.0	26.0	24.9	27.0
85 years and over	3.4	2.8	3.9	3.4	2.8	3.9
Average age of the population	46.2	45.2	47.1	46.2	45.2	47.1
Median age of the population	48.4	46.8	49.6	48.4	46.8	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	174,140	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	94,525	...	...	54.3	...	...
Semi-detached house	7,855	...	...	4.5	...	...
Row house	11,605	...	...	6.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	12,950	...	...	7.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	33,600	...	...	19.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,165	...	...	2.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	520	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	8,915	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	51,110	...	...	29.4	...	...
2 persons	71,325	...	...	41.0	...	...
3 persons	22,030	...	...	12.7	...	...
4 persons	18,605	...	...	10.7	...	...
5 or more persons	11,065	...	...	6.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	395,700	193,095	202,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	350,005	169,220	180,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	208,050	104,065	103,980	59.4	61.5	57.5
Married	168,755	84,405	84,345	48.2	49.9	46.7
Living common-law	39,295	19,665	19,635	11.2	11.6	10.9
Living common law - Never married	26,020	13,145	12,880	7.4	7.8	7.1
Living common law - Separated	1,790	900	890	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	10,095	5,050	5,045	2.9	3.0	2.8
Living common law - Widowed	1,390	570	825	0.4	0.3	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	141,955	65,150	76,805	40.6	38.5	42.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	82,265	45,260	37,005	23.5	26.7	20.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	9,840	4,235	5,610	2.8	2.5	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	27,035	10,580	16,455	7.7	6.3	9.1
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	22,815	5,080	17,740	6.5	3.0	9.8
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	117,660	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	73,745	...	...	62.7	...	...
3 persons	20,015	...	...	17.0	...	...
4 persons	17,180	...	...	14.6	...	...
5 or more persons	6,720	...	...	5.7	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	117,655	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	101,635	...	...	86.4	...	...
Married couples	81,995	...	...	69.7	...	...
With children⁶	32,425	...	...	27.6	...	...
Without children	49,575	...	...	42.1	...	...
Common-law couples	19,640	...	...	16.7	...	...
With children⁶	5,860	...	...	5.0	...	...
Without children	13,785	...	...	11.7	...	...
Total one-parent families	16,020	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	12,145	...	...	10.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	3,875	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	395,700	193,095	202,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	312,175	154,695	157,480	78.9	80.1	77.7
Married spouses or common-law partners	203,280	101,600	101,680	51.4	52.6	50.2
Parents in one-parent families	16,020	3,875	12,145	4.0	2.0	6.0
Children⁶	92,880	49,220	43,655	23.5	25.5	21.5
In a two-parent family	69,395	36,495	32,905	17.5	18.9	16.2
In a one-parent family	23,485	12,725	10,755	5.9	6.6	5.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	83,525	38,400	45,125	21.1	19.9	22.3
Living alone	51,110	21,510	29,600	12.9	11.1	14.6
Living with other relatives⁷	8,800	3,855	4,945	2.2	2.0	2.4
Living with non-relatives only	23,615	13,035	10,580	6.0	6.8	5.2
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	101,785	...	...	58.5	...	...
Couple-family households	89,790	...	...	51.6	...	...
With children⁶	33,180	...	...	19.1	...	...
Without children	56,610	...	...	32.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	11,995	...	...	6.9	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	4,070	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	1,470	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	6,650	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	9,055	...	...	5.2	...	...
One-person households	51,110	...	...	29.4	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	341,815	165,560	176,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	334,425	161,930	172,505	97.8	97.8	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,000	35,600	40,000	46,000	35,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	334,685	162,075	172,605	97.9	97.9	97.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	41,600	32,800	36,400	41,600	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	302,750	148,340	154,405	88.6	89.6	87.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,400	26,000	32,400	40,400	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	224,860	113,925	110,935	65.8	68.8	62.9
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,600	41,200	28,000	33,600	41,200	28,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	282,440	130,375	152,065	82.6	78.7	86.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,600	12,300	12,000	11,600	12,300
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	32,930	16,130	16,800	9.6	9.7	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	83,210	38,730	44,480	24.3	23.4	25.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	341,810	165,585	176,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	334,580	162,115	172,465	97.9	97.9	97.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,000	60,550	44,000	52,000	60,550	44,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	334,880	162,305	172,570	98.0	98.0	97.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,200	50,320	38,440	44,200	50,320	38,440
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	302,795	148,595	154,205	88.6	89.7	87.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,320	55,900	37,080	46,320	55,900	37,080
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	224,845	113,750	111,100	65.8	68.7	63.0
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,360	53,700	36,800	45,360	53,700	36,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	282,720	130,670	152,055	82.7	78.9	86.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,950	11,550	12,290	11,950	11,550	12,290
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	32,725	16,165	16,565	9.6	9.8	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,295	6,700	6,500	6,295	6,700
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	82,865	38,735	44,135	24.2	23.4	25.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,650	8,450	8,840	8,650	8,450	8,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	341,810	165,585	176,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	95,560	53,550	42,005	28.0	32.3	23.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	66,000	54,000	60,000	66,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,600	78,300	60,700	70,600	78,300	60,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	97,880	45,140	52,740	28.6	27.3	29.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	21,400	17,000	18,800	21,400	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,440	35,320	24,400	29,440	35,320	24,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.6	84.6	75.4	80.6	84.6	75.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	58.6	62.2	53.9	58.6	62.2	53.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.4	15.4	24.6	19.4	15.4	24.6
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.2	4.1	6.6	5.2	4.1	6.6
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.3	5.1	4.1	3.3	5.1
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	341,815	165,560	176,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	7,390	3,630	3,755	2.2	2.2	2.1
With total income	334,430	161,925	172,505	97.8	97.8	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	25,320	10,695	14,625	7.6	6.6	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	40,550	16,000	24,555	12.1	9.9	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	55,635	23,310	32,325	16.6	14.4	18.7
$30,000 to $39,999	46,200	19,720	26,480	13.8	12.2	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	39,350	17,840	21,505	11.8	11.0	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	31,340	15,275	16,065	9.4	9.4	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	23,485	12,765	10,720	7.0	7.9	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	17,595	10,255	7,340	5.3	6.3	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	13,245	7,955	5,295	4.0	4.9	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	10,030	6,145	3,880	3.0	3.8	2.2
$100,000 and over	31,680	21,970	9,720	9.5	13.6	5.6
$100,000 to $149,999	20,495	13,625	6,870	6.1	8.4	4.0
$150,000 and over	11,185	8,340	2,850	3.3	5.2	1.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	341,815	165,560	176,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	7,130	3,480	3,655	2.1	2.1	2.1
With after-tax income	334,680	162,080	172,610	97.9	97.9	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	27,030	11,285	15,740	8.1	7.0	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	42,085	16,630	25,455	12.6	10.3	14.7
$20,000 to $29,999	62,290	26,170	36,120	18.6	16.1	20.9
$30,000 to $39,999	53,185	23,320	29,870	15.9	14.4	17.3
$40,000 to $49,999	44,015	20,755	23,255	13.2	12.8	13.5
$50,000 to $59,999	32,225	17,165	15,070	9.6	10.6	8.7
$60,000 to $69,999	22,505	13,105	9,405	6.7	8.1	5.4
$70,000 to $79,999	15,630	9,400	6,230	4.7	5.8	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	10,860	6,725	4,130	3.2	4.2	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	6,765	4,490	2,280	2.0	2.8	1.3
$100,000 and over	18,090	13,040	5,050	5.4	8.0	2.9
$100,000 to $124,999	8,715	6,065	2,655	2.6	3.7	1.5
$125,000 and over	9,375	6,975	2,400	2.8	4.3	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	341,815	165,560	176,255	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	116,955	51,635	65,320	34.2	31.2	37.1
With employment income	224,860	113,920	110,935	65.8	68.8	62.9
Under $5,000 (including loss)	34,830	16,310	18,520	15.5	14.3	16.7
$5,000 to $9,999	18,640	7,970	10,670	8.3	7.0	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	28,085	12,010	16,075	12.5	10.5	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	22,685	9,990	12,700	10.1	8.8	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	21,150	9,470	11,680	9.4	8.3	10.5
$40,000 to $49,999	19,885	9,360	10,525	8.8	8.2	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	17,625	8,900	8,720	7.8	7.8	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	13,945	8,025	5,915	6.2	7.0	5.3
$70,000 to $79,999	11,080	6,670	4,410	4.9	5.9	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	8,940	5,450	3,490	4.0	4.8	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	7,095	4,465	2,630	3.2	3.9	2.4
$100,000 and over	20,900	15,295	5,610	9.3	13.4	5.1
$100,000 to $124,999	9,830	6,650	3,180	4.4	5.8	2.9
$125,000 and over	11,070	8,640	2,430	4.9	7.6	2.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	341,815	165,560	176,260	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	327,610	158,280	169,335	95.8	95.6	96.1
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,600	45,200	32,400	37,600	45,200	32,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	328,225	158,400	169,825	96.0	95.7	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	40,400	29,600	34,000	40,400	29,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	301,160	147,240	153,920	88.1	88.9	87.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	42,000	27,400	33,600	42,000	27,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	235,840	118,545	117,295	69.0	71.6	66.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,200	40,800	27,600	33,200	40,800	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	233,905	102,570	131,335	68.4	62.0	74.5
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	9,500	8,900	9,200	9,500	8,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	25,590	12,610	12,985	7.5	7.6	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,400	5,520	5,440	5,400	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	341,810	165,585	176,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	327,895	158,580	169,320	95.9	95.8	96.1
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,560	60,200	41,560	50,560	60,200	41,560
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	328,575	158,685	169,890	96.1	95.8	96.4
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,320	49,440	35,680	42,320	49,440	35,680
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	301,390	147,635	153,760	88.2	89.2	87.3
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	57,800	37,480	47,440	57,800	37,480
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	235,785	118,465	117,320	69.0	71.5	66.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,400	53,450	35,240	44,400	53,450	35,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	233,730	102,420	131,310	68.4	61.9	74.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,790	9,930	9,690	9,790	9,930	9,690
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	25,850	12,885	12,965	7.6	7.8	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,880	6,360	7,400	6,880	6,360	7,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	341,810	165,585	176,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	94,770	53,050	41,715	27.7	32.0	23.7
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,800	63,600	49,600	56,800	63,600	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,900	75,500	55,950	66,900	75,500	55,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	93,435	42,950	50,480	27.3	25.9	28.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	27,600	21,000	23,800	27,600	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,760	42,680	28,000	34,760	42,680	28,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.2	89.4	82.0	86.2	89.4	82.0
Employment income (%)	63.1	66.4	58.7	63.1	66.4	58.7
Government transfers (%)	13.8	10.7	18.1	13.8	10.7	18.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	174,135	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	79,500	...	...	79,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,500	...	...	71,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	51,110	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,200	...	...	39,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	123,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	100,000	...	...	100,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	89,000	...	...	89,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	174,135	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	99,900	...	...	99,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	51,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,960	...	...	49,960	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	43,080	...	...	43,080	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	123,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,700	...	...	120,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	102,400	...	...	102,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,660	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	880	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,485	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,470	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	7,890	...	...	4.5	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,125	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	6,130	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	7,420	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	7,195	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,045	...	...	4.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	13,500	...	...	7.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	12,755	...	...	7.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	12,025	...	...	6.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	11,110	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10,045	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	65,400	...	...	37.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20,020	...	...	11.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	14,440	...	...	8.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	16,370	...	...	9.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	14,570	...	...	8.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,985	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	905	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	1,545	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	3,625	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	8,280	...	...	4.8	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	6,995	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	7,090	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	8,250	...	...	4.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	8,320	...	...	4.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	7,890	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	15,345	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	14,770	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	13,685	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	12,195	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	10,435	...	...	6.0	...	...
$100,000 and over	52,820	...	...	30.3	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	20,130	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	12,780	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	19,910	...	...	11.4	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	116,155	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	58,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	38,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,000	...	...	134,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	117,000	...	...	117,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	14,850	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	74,725	34,545	40,185	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	38,400	35,600	36,800	38,400	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	35,200	33,200	34,000	35,200	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	116,200	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	120,200	...	...	120,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	101,600	...	...	101,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	58,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	107,400	...	...	107,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	38,735	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	155,200	...	...	155,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	129,400	...	...	129,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	14,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,700	...	...	70,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	74,365	34,185	40,175	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,240	48,800	44,080	46,240	48,800	44,080
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,240	41,800	38,920	40,240	41,800	38,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	395,700	193,095	202,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	65,275	33,340	31,940	16.5	17.3	15.8
0 to 5 years	19,310	9,855	9,455	4.9	5.1	4.7
18 to 64 years	231,430	113,010	118,420	58.5	58.5	58.4
65 years and over	98,990	46,750	52,245	25.0	24.2	25.8
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	40,640	18,535	22,105	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	6,745	3,465	3,285	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	1,990	1,040	950	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	20,635	9,895	10,745	...	...	...
65 years and over	13,250	5,175	8,080	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3	9.6	10.9	10.3	9.6	10.9
0 to 17 years (%)	10.3	10.4	10.3	10.3	10.4	10.3
0 to 5 years (%)	10.3	10.5	10.1	10.3	10.5	10.1
18 to 64 years (%)	8.9	8.8	9.1	8.9	8.8	9.1
65 years and over (%)	13.4	11.1	15.5	13.4	11.1	15.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	375,480	183,465	192,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	62,990	32,160	30,825	16.8	17.5	16.1
0 to 5 years	18,610	9,485	9,120	5.0	5.2	4.7
18 to 64 years	221,205	108,205	113,000	58.9	59.0	58.8
65 years and over	91,285	43,100	48,185	24.3	23.5	25.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	14,025	7,265	6,760	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,265	1,140	1,125	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	535	265	265	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	10,285	5,450	4,835	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,475	675	805	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.7	4.0	3.5	3.7	4.0	3.5
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6	3.6	3.7	3.6	3.6	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.8	2.9	2.9	2.8	2.9
18 to 64 years (%)	4.7	5.0	4.3	4.7	5.0	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.6	1.7	1.6	1.6	1.7
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	395,700	193,100	202,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	198,470	93,905	104,565	50.2	48.6	51.6
In bottom decile	38,810	18,450	20,360	9.8	9.6	10.0
In second decile	40,650	18,400	22,250	10.3	9.5	11.0
In third decile	39,750	18,695	21,055	10.0	9.7	10.4
In fourth decile	39,165	18,780	20,390	9.9	9.7	10.1
In fifth decile	40,095	19,585	20,510	10.1	10.1	10.1
In top half of the distribution	197,230	99,195	98,040	49.8	51.4	48.4
In sixth decile	40,140	19,880	20,260	10.1	10.3	10.0
In seventh decile	39,625	19,665	19,960	10.0	10.2	9.9
In eighth decile	39,990	20,220	19,770	10.1	10.5	9.8
In ninth decile	38,550	19,450	19,105	9.7	10.1	9.4
In top decile	38,925	19,980	18,950	9.8	10.3	9.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	395,700	...	...	395,700	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.332	...	...	0.332	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.449	...	...	0.449	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.293	...	...	0.293	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	398,980	194,735	204,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	370,880	182,100	188,790	93.0	93.5	92.4
French only	120	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	25,510	11,395	14,115	6.4	5.9	6.9
Neither English nor French	2,470	1,185	1,285	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	398,980	194,735	204,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	390,580	190,715	199,865	97.9	97.9	97.9
French	5,380	2,595	2,785	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and French	635	290	345	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	2,390	1,135	1,250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	398,980	194,735	204,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	392,025	191,445	200,585	98.3	98.3	98.2
Official languages	348,495	171,090	177,405	87.3	87.9	86.9
English	342,580	168,255	174,325	85.9	86.4	85.3
French	5,915	2,830	3,085	1.5	1.5	1.5
Non-official languages	43,530	20,355	23,175	10.9	10.5	11.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	245	95	145	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	65	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	20	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	5	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	125	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	110	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	43,285	20,260	23,025	10.8	10.4	11.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	945	525	425	0.2	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	925	505	415	0.2	0.3	0.2
Amharic	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	770	435	340	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	665	275	385	0.2	0.1	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	625	265	360	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	2,765	1,005	1,755	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bikol	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	60	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	115	35	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	150	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	2,195	790	1,405	0.6	0.4	0.7
Waray-Waray	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	305	180	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	175	100	70	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	32,390	15,635	16,755	8.1	8.0	8.2
Albanian	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	5,885	2,615	3,275	1.5	1.3	1.6
Baltic languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	5,805	2,575	3,235	1.5	1.3	1.6
Belarusian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	595	290	310	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,165	490	670	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	1,685	730	955	0.4	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	775	380	395	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	410	200	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	270	135	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	230	95	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	145	65	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,115	480	635	0.3	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	11,695	5,510	6,185	2.9	2.8	3.0
Frisian	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	8,355	3,895	4,460	2.1	2.0	2.2
German	8,010	3,730	4,275	2.0	1.9	2.1
Pennsylvania German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	335	160	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	2,695	1,325	1,370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	490	240	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	1,955	955	1,000	0.5	0.5	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	185	100	90	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	625	280	345	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	345	155	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	155	70	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	230	125	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	8,710	4,450	4,255	2.2	2.3	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	7,980	4,055	3,920	2.0	2.1	1.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	160	90	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	165	90	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	525	280	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,730	3,360	3,370	1.7	1.7	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	215	125	95	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	725	395	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	675	370	305	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dari	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	550	300	250	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	5,695	2,845	2,850	1.4	1.5	1.4
Catalan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,280	665	615	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	1,415	680	735	0.4	0.3	0.4
Romanian	400	200	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,580	1,285	1,290	0.6	0.7	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	685	210	480	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	940	420	515	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	130	60	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,655	1,155	1,500	0.7	0.6	0.7
Chinese languages	2,625	1,140	1,485	0.7	0.6	0.7
Hakka	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,500	645	855	0.4	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	970	425	545	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	225	50	175	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	200	40	155	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	140	80	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,280	580	700	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	265	105	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	995	465	530	0.2	0.2	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	6,960	3,290	3,665	1.7	1.7	1.8
English and French	1,440	690	750	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	4,780	2,270	2,505	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	525	230	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	398,980	194,735	204,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	357,840	175,385	182,460	89.7	90.1	89.3
French	885	435	450	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	8,905	4,425	4,480	2.2	2.3	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	8,895	4,425	4,475	2.2	2.3	2.2
English and French	3,435	1,550	1,885	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	26,450	12,250	14,195	6.6	6.3	6.9
French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	860	390	465	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	565	280	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	398,980	194,735	204,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	393,710	192,285	201,425	98.7	98.7	98.6
Official languages	376,290	183,705	192,575	94.3	94.3	94.3
English	374,995	183,090	191,905	94.0	94.0	94.0
French	1,290	620	670	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	17,420	8,570	8,850	4.4	4.4	4.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	17,405	8,570	8,835	4.4	4.4	4.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	545	280	270	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	535	270	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	490	250	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	160	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	355	160	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,265	570	690	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,075	490	585	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	200	105	95	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	115	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,040	6,035	6,005	3.0	3.1	2.9
Albanian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,545	725	820	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,525	710	815	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	150	75	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	330	145	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	595	280	320	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	140	70	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,000	985	1,015	0.5	0.5	0.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,495	735	760	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	1,410	700	710	0.4	0.4	0.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	465	235	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	205	105	100	0.1	0.1	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	6,275	3,160	3,110	1.6	1.6	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages	5,925	2,975	2,950	1.5	1.5	1.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	255	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,270	2,625	2,650	1.3	1.3	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	110	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	350	190	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	335	180	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	265	145	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,075	1,100	975	0.5	0.6	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	210	90	120	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	515	245	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	125	60	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,225	695	520	0.3	0.4	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	255	115	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	675	315	360	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	125	70	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,490	725	760	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	1,475	725	755	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	965	470	490	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	460	225	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	265	125	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	230	105	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	5,280	2,455	2,825	1.3	1.3	1.4
English and French	485	235	250	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	4,650	2,150	2,495	1.2	1.1	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	398,980	194,735	204,250	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	372,090	182,320	189,775	93.3	93.6	92.9
English	7,435	3,630	3,810	1.9	1.9	1.9
French	2,710	1,205	1,505	0.7	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	13,885	6,255	7,630	3.5	3.2	3.7
Indigenous³⁹	270	110	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	13,615	6,150	7,470	3.4	3.2	3.7
English and French	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	845	400	445	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	550	255	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,340	620	720	0.3	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	395,700	193,075	202,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	393,280	191,960	201,315	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	393,180	191,905	201,270	99.4	99.4	99.3
French	25,590	11,570	14,020	6.5	6.0	6.9
Non-official languages	59,980	27,735	32,245	15.2	14.4	15.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	900	395	505	0.2	0.2	0.2
Algonquian languages	135	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	85	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	85	50	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	50	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	100	25	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	80	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	585	255	335	0.1	0.1	0.2
Halkomelem	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	525	240	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	59,140	27,365	31,775	14.9	14.2	15.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	1,385	735	645	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,365	720	645	0.3	0.4	0.3
Amharic	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,060	570	490	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	215	110	100	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	965	440	525	0.2	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	55	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	915	425	490	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	3,670	1,320	2,345	0.9	0.7	1.2
Bikol	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	130	40	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	275	120	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	215	70	150	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	155	70	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	40	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,345	1,155	2,190	0.8	0.6	1.1
Waray-Waray	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	185	70	115	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	270	130	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	35	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	450	255	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	215	120	95	0.1	0.1	0.0
Telugu	90	60	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	44,845	21,185	23,665	11.3	11.0	11.7
Albanian	130	70	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	7,545	3,325	4,215	1.9	1.7	2.1
Baltic languages	150	85	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	85	55	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	7,425	3,255	4,165	1.9	1.7	2.1
Belarusian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	765	380	380	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	1,620	645	975	0.4	0.3	0.5
Russian	2,765	1,275	1,490	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	1,115	560	555	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	165	90	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	705	345	365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	400	215	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	310	135	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	205	85	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ukrainian	1,425	590	840	0.4	0.3	0.4
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	105	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	15,750	7,505	8,245	4.0	3.9	4.1
Frisian	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	11,645	5,545	6,100	2.9	2.9	3.0
German	11,460	5,470	5,985	2.9	2.8	3.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	405	180	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	3,640	1,830	1,810	0.9	0.9	0.9
Afrikaans	1,045	550	495	0.3	0.3	0.2
Dutch	2,345	1,155	1,190	0.6	0.6	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	245	135	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	955	380	575	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	385	160	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	235	95	140	0.1	0.0	0.1
Swedish	375	160	215	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	300	160	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	11,005	5,485	5,515	2.8	2.8	2.7
Indo-Aryan languages	10,065	4,985	5,085	2.5	2.6	2.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	225	135	85	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	180	105	80	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	2,980	1,520	1,465	0.8	0.8	0.7
Kacchi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	90	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	8,375	4,060	4,315	2.1	2.1	2.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	495	275	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	960	515	440	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	930	500	425	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	740	405	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	110	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	12,300	5,680	6,620	3.1	2.9	3.3
Catalan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	2,270	955	1,315	0.6	0.5	0.6
Portuguese	1,855	930	925	0.5	0.5	0.5
Romanian	475	240	240	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	8,385	3,825	4,560	2.1	2.0	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	1,425	595	825	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	1,150	520	630	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	470	255	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	170	90	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	850	305	545	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	735	270	465	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	135	45	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,335	1,480	1,855	0.8	0.8	0.9
Chinese languages	3,285	1,455	1,825	0.8	0.8	0.9
Hakka	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,310	1,050	1,260	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	135	40	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,355	565	790	0.3	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	350	115	230	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	335	115	225	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	240	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	1,365	675	695	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	55	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	300	130	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	1,015	520	490	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	395,700	193,075	202,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	27,160	12,725	14,435	6.9	6.6	7.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	26,145	12,255	13,895	6.6	6.3	6.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	13,405	6,240	7,160	3.4	3.2	3.5
Métis	12,610	5,950	6,660	3.2	3.1	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	130	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	615	290	335	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	390	185	210	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	368,540	180,345	188,200	93.1	93.4	92.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	395,700	193,075	202,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	9,200	4,250	4,950	2.3	2.2	2.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	386,500	188,825	197,675	97.7	97.8	97.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	126,405	...	...	72.6	...	...
Renter	47,365	...	...	27.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	360	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	34,020	...	...	19.5	...	...
Not condominium	140,115	...	...	80.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	1,420	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	19,315	...	...	11.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	54,055	...	...	31.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	49,325	...	...	28.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	50,020	...	...	28.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	48,410	...	...	27.8	...	...
5 rooms	26,530	...	...	15.2	...	...
6 rooms	24,035	...	...	13.8	...	...
7 rooms	20,650	...	...	11.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	54,510	...	...	31.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	172,360	...	...	99.0	...	...
More than one person per room	1,780	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	168,755	...	...	96.9	...	...
Not suitable	5,385	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	15,655	...	...	9.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	47,400	...	...	27.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	23,820	...	...	13.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	31,685	...	...	18.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	12,070	...	...	6.9	...	...
2006 to 2010	16,030	...	...	9.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	10,090	...	...	5.8	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	17,380	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	165,635	...	...	95.1	...	...
Major repairs needed	8,505	...	...	4.9	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	83,195	...	...	47.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	81,595	...	...	46.9	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	9,345	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	4,875	...	...	2.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	19,275	...	...	11.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	24,905	...	...	14.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	25,880	...	...	14.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	36,945	...	...	21.2	...	...
65 to 74 years	34,530	...	...	19.8	...	...
75 to 84 years	20,165	...	...	11.6	...	...
85 years and over	7,560	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	162,020	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	123,900	...	...	76.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	38,120	...	...	23.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	34,065	...	...	21.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	174,135	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	48,520	...	...	27.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	35,040	...	...	20.1	...	...
Not suitable only	4,105	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,945	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	865	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	2,145	...	...	1.2	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	345	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	125,620	...	...	72.1	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	157,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	13,210	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not in core need	144,755	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	116,365	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.6	...	...	55.6	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.0	...	...	16.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,434	...	...	1,434	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	650,000	...	...	650,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	719,000	...	...	719,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	46,070	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.7	...	...	10.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	42.6	...	...	42.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,300	...	...	1,300	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,424	...	...	1,424	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	365	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	13.7	...	...	13.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	492	...	...	492	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	530	...	...	530	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	395,700	193,070	202,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	8,245	3,805	4,440	2.1	2.0	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	8,040	3,710	4,325	2.0	1.9	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	5,800	2,680	3,120	1.5	1.4	1.5
Métis single ancestry	2,190	1,010	1,180	0.6	0.5	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	205	90	115	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	180	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	20,935	10,025	10,905	5.3	5.2	5.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	20,320	9,685	10,625	5.1	5.0	5.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	12,220	5,780	6,440	3.1	3.0	3.2
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	8,040	3,880	4,160	2.0	2.0	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	615	340	280	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	575	325	250	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	366,520	179,235	187,280	92.6	92.8	92.4
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	395,700	193,075	202,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	375,625	183,425	192,195	94.9	95.0	94.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	63,335	32,305	31,030	16.0	16.7	15.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	312,285	151,120	161,170	78.9	78.3	79.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	20,075	9,645	10,430	5.1	5.0	5.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	395,700	193,075	202,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	336,110	164,820	171,295	84.9	85.4	84.5
Immigrants⁸¹	53,850	25,285	28,565	13.6	13.1	14.1
Before 1980	20,615	9,770	10,840	5.2	5.1	5.3
1980 to 1990	6,260	2,845	3,410	1.6	1.5	1.7
1991 to 2000	6,805	3,070	3,735	1.7	1.6	1.8
2001 to 2010	9,180	4,320	4,865	2.3	2.2	2.4
2011 to 2021⁸²	10,990	5,280	5,705	2.8	2.7	2.8
2011 to 2015	4,835	2,315	2,520	1.2	1.2	1.2
2016 to 2021	6,150	2,960	3,185	1.6	1.5	1.6
Non-permanent residents⁸³	5,745	2,970	2,775	1.5	1.5	1.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	53,850	25,285	28,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	6,145	3,195	2,950	11.4	12.6	10.3
5 to 14 years	9,790	4,900	4,885	18.2	19.4	17.1
15 to 24 years	11,890	5,455	6,440	22.1	21.6	22.5
25 to 44 years	21,560	9,705	11,860	40.0	38.4	41.5
45 years and over	4,460	2,030	2,430	8.3	8.0	8.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	53,850	25,285	28,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	7,490	3,150	4,345	13.9	12.5	15.2
Brazil	275	125	150	0.5	0.5	0.5
Colombia	225	70	155	0.4	0.3	0.5
El Salvador	260	145	115	0.5	0.6	0.4
Guyana	45	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	525	260	260	1.0	1.0	0.9
Mexico	605	250	365	1.1	1.0	1.3
Peru	100	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Trinidad and Tobago	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	4,370	1,800	2,570	8.1	7.1	9.0
Other places of birth in Americas	965	385	580	1.8	1.5	2.0
Europe	27,545	13,570	13,980	51.2	53.7	48.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	190	110	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Croatia	440	230	215	0.8	0.9	0.8
France	430	205	220	0.8	0.8	0.8
Germany	4,810	2,400	2,415	8.9	9.5	8.5
Greece	90	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
Hungary	595	300	290	1.1	1.2	1.0
Italy	865	420	445	1.6	1.7	1.6
Netherlands	1,935	990	945	3.6	3.9	3.3
Poland	1,445	580	865	2.7	2.3	3.0
Portugal	775	375	405	1.4	1.5	1.4
Romania	380	185	195	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian Federation	615	275	335	1.1	1.1	1.2
Serbia⁸⁶	225	105	120	0.4	0.4	0.4
Ukraine	555	260	295	1.0	1.0	1.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10,010	5,080	4,920	18.6	20.1	17.2
Other places of birth in Europe	4,180	1,990	2,190	7.8	7.9	7.7
Africa	2,280	1,160	1,115	4.2	4.6	3.9
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Morocco	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigeria	120	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	1,330	665	665	2.5	2.6	2.3
Other places of birth in Africa	690	365	325	1.3	1.4	1.1
Asia	15,120	6,655	8,465	28.1	26.3	29.6
Afghanistan	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iran⁸⁸	520	280	240	1.0	1.1	0.8
Iraq	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lebanon	150	90	55	0.3	0.4	0.2
Syria⁸⁹	380	190	190	0.7	0.8	0.7
Turkey	80	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
China⁹⁰	1,505	605	900	2.8	2.4	3.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	360	135	225	0.7	0.5	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	720	335	385	1.3	1.3	1.3
Taiwan	175	70	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Philippines	3,085	1,075	2,010	5.7	4.3	7.0
Viet Nam	625	285	340	1.2	1.1	1.2
Bangladesh	110	65	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
India	5,095	2,445	2,650	9.5	9.7	9.3
Pakistan	355	185	165	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sri Lanka	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	1,790	755	1,040	3.3	3.0	3.6
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	1,410	750	655	2.6	3.0	2.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	6,150	2,965	3,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,130	530	600	18.4	17.9	18.8
Brazil	90	50	40	1.5	1.7	1.3
Colombia	50	20	30	0.8	0.7	0.9
Haiti	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	225	110	110	3.7	3.7	3.5
Mexico	125	65	65	2.0	2.2	2.0
United States of America	490	240	245	8.0	8.1	7.7
Venezuela⁹⁵	35	10	25	0.6	0.3	0.8
Other places of birth in Americas	105	35	70	1.7	1.2	2.2
Europe	1,170	615	555	19.0	20.7	17.4
France	45	25	20	0.7	0.8	0.6
Germany	110	55	60	1.8	1.9	1.9
Ireland⁹⁶	75	45	30	1.2	1.5	0.9
Italy	25	10	10	0.4	0.3	0.3
Russian Federation	80	25	55	1.3	0.8	1.7
Ukraine	105	60	50	1.7	2.0	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	425	260	170	6.9	8.8	5.3
Other places of birth in Europe	305	145	160	5.0	4.9	5.0
Africa	285	140	150	4.6	4.7	4.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	20	10	0	0.3	0.3	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	165	70	90	2.7	2.4	2.8
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	70	35	40	1.1	1.2	1.3
Asia	3,315	1,525	1,790	53.9	51.4	56.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
China⁹⁰	315	130	185	5.1	4.4	5.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	10	15	0.5	0.3	0.5
India	875	425	450	14.2	14.3	14.1
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	20	0.5	0.5	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	30	25	0	0.5	0.8	0.0
Japan	75	20	55	1.2	0.7	1.7
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	220	90	125	3.6	3.0	3.9
Lebanon	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Nepal	30	20	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Pakistan	80	40	45	1.3	1.3	1.4
Philippines	965	445	525	15.7	15.0	16.5
Saudi Arabia	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	320	160	160	5.2	5.4	5.0
Turkey	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
United Arab Emirates	35	25	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Viet Nam	65	20	45	1.1	0.7	1.4
Other places of birth in Asia	135	40	90	2.2	1.3	2.8
Oceania and other⁹³	245	150	95	4.0	5.1	3.0
Australia	195	120	80	3.2	4.0	2.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	55	35	15	0.9	1.2	0.5
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	395,700	193,075	202,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	64,255	30,490	33,760	16.2	15.8	16.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	74,990	36,785	38,200	19.0	19.1	18.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	256,460	125,795	130,665	64.8	65.2	64.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	33,235	15,515	17,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	17,420	8,720	8,705	52.4	56.2	49.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	7,260	4,505	2,760	21.8	29.0	15.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	10,160	4,220	5,940	30.6	27.2	33.5
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	12,675	5,280	7,395	38.1	34.0	41.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	2,945	1,450	1,500	8.9	9.3	8.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	185	65	125	0.6	0.4	0.7
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	33,235	15,515	17,720	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	520	310	205	1.6	2.0	1.2
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	6,460	3,030	3,430	19.4	19.5	19.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,185	580	600	3.6	3.7	3.4
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	1,825	855	970	5.5	5.5	5.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	285	100	185	0.9	0.6	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	22,965	10,640	12,325	69.1	68.6	69.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	395,705	193,070	202,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	37,055	17,280	19,775	9.4	9.0	9.8
South Asian	12,260	6,100	6,160	3.1	3.2	3.0
Chinese	4,700	2,095	2,605	1.2	1.1	1.3
Black	3,425	1,715	1,710	0.9	0.9	0.8
Filipino	4,525	1,740	2,780	1.1	0.9	1.4
Arab	945	515	435	0.2	0.3	0.2
Latin American	2,670	1,225	1,445	0.7	0.6	0.7
Southeast Asian	1,955	865	1,095	0.5	0.4	0.5
West Asian	955	500	455	0.2	0.3	0.2
Korean	1,270	605	660	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	2,600	1,090	1,515	0.7	0.6	0.7
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	575	310	265	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	1,175	520	655	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	358,645	175,790	182,855	90.6	91.0	90.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	395,700	193,075	202,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	50,250	25,425	24,830	12.7	13.2	12.3
English	111,465	53,575	57,895	28.2	27.7	28.6
Irish	66,960	30,995	35,965	16.9	16.1	17.7
Scottish	81,905	39,435	42,470	20.7	20.4	21.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	37,300	17,710	19,580	9.4	9.2	9.7
German	75,110	36,620	38,490	19.0	19.0	19.0
Chinese	5,290	2,350	2,945	1.3	1.2	1.5
Italian	14,265	7,005	7,260	3.6	3.6	3.6
Indian (India)	7,465	3,690	3,770	1.9	1.9	1.9
Ukrainian	29,820	14,290	15,535	7.5	7.4	7.7
Dutch	20,750	10,310	10,435	5.2	5.3	5.1
Polish	16,040	7,540	8,500	4.1	3.9	4.2
Québécois	625	305	320	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	18,485	8,845	9,640	4.7	4.6	4.8
Filipino	4,350	1,720	2,635	1.1	0.9	1.3
French Canadian	4,335	2,060	2,280	1.1	1.1	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	7,320	3,795	3,525	1.8	2.0	1.7
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,750	4,125	4,620	2.2	2.1	2.3
Métis	11,015	5,305	5,710	2.8	2.7	2.8
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	9,620	4,705	4,915	2.4	2.4	2.4
Russian	14,685	7,160	7,525	3.7	3.7	3.7
Norwegian	15,785	7,460	8,325	4.0	3.9	4.1
Welsh	10,865	5,205	5,655	2.7	2.7	2.8
Portuguese	3,245	1,670	1,575	0.8	0.9	0.8
American	7,540	3,590	3,940	1.9	1.9	1.9
Spanish	2,865	1,265	1,600	0.7	0.7	0.8
Swedish	11,650	5,325	6,325	2.9	2.8	3.1
Hungarian	6,340	3,040	3,300	1.6	1.6	1.6
Acadian	540	230	310	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	605	330	275	0.2	0.2	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,075	520	560	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	1,845	1,020	825	0.5	0.5	0.4
Punjabi	2,615	1,255	1,360	0.7	0.7	0.7
Vietnamese	1,095	485	610	0.3	0.3	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	355	205	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	1,530	780	755	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	1,070	520	550	0.3	0.3	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	860	380	485	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	2,525	1,190	1,330	0.6	0.6	0.7
Korean	1,270	610	660	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	3,220	1,605	1,615	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanese	780	420	360	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	715	385	330	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	900	455	445	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	5,655	2,675	2,980	1.4	1.4	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,220	1,050	1,165	0.6	0.5	0.6
Sikh	1,860	930	935	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austrian	6,105	2,900	3,200	1.5	1.5	1.6
Belgian	2,470	1,090	1,375	0.6	0.6	0.7
Haitian	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	505	270	235	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mexican	1,530	830	700	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mennonite	2,075	1,035	1,040	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	3,190	1,540	1,650	0.8	0.8	0.8
Finnish	3,040	1,390	1,650	0.8	0.7	0.8
Sri Lankan	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	1,900	905	995	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	3,100	1,360	1,740	0.8	0.7	0.9
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	300	145	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	460	195	265	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	3,280	1,575	1,710	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	180	130	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	470	190	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	2,790	1,355	1,430	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombian	245	105	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	2,525	1,190	1,340	0.6	0.6	0.7
Syrian	595	305	295	0.2	0.2	0.1
Guyanese	150	70	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	105	45	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	670	305	365	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	560	260	295	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	310	140	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	210	75	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	385	185	200	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	340	210	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	190	90	100	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	225	90	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	160	65	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	145	80	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	505	215	290	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	235	125	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	165	90	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	1,155	540	610	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	975	435	535	0.2	0.2	0.3
Somali	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	280	145	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	280	160	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	300	120	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	100	65	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	150	80	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	245	110	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	90	25	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	535	260	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	1,395	740	655	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australian	1,580	850	735	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	285	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	170	65	110	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	90	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	275	145	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	160	65	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	130	55	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	105	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	245	110	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	685	295	385	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	550	300	250	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	190	90	105	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	235	115	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	1,005	375	625	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bulgarian	160	75	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	520	230	285	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	90	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	280	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	560	265	300	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	495	220	275	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	175	90	90	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	80	15	65	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	330	175	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	110	30	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	390	165	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	390	195	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	375	190	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	1,845	875	970	0.5	0.5	0.5
Ecuadorian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	185	90	95	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	280	150	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	245	95	150	0.1	0.0	0.1
Jatt	275	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	245	165	80	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	340	120	220	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	240	115	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	120	65	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	290	140	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	155	90	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	215	95	120	0.1	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	525	290	235	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	260	85	175	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	105	35	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	385	195	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	65	55	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	215	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	275	95	180	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	140	60	85	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	95	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	60	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	160	80	80	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	120	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	60	10	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	395,700	193,075	202,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,710	715	995	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	159,735	71,625	88,110	40.4	37.1	43.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	38,490	18,075	20,410	9.7	9.4	10.1
Anabaptist	1,735	810	925	0.4	0.4	0.5
Anglican	13,730	5,910	7,820	3.5	3.1	3.9
Baptist	7,280	3,235	4,045	1.8	1.7	2.0
Catholic	46,795	21,060	25,740	11.8	10.9	12.7
Christian Orthodox	2,225	1,080	1,150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	3,450	1,505	1,940	0.9	0.8	1.0
Latter Day Saints	1,625	725	895	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lutheran	7,655	3,450	4,210	1.9	1.8	2.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	530	215	315	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	4,260	1,870	2,395	1.1	1.0	1.2
Presbyterian	2,305	925	1,375	0.6	0.5	0.7
Reformed	925	455	475	0.2	0.2	0.2
United Church	17,635	7,275	10,365	4.5	3.8	5.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	11,095	5,045	6,055	2.8	2.6	3.0
Hindu	1,805	945	865	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jewish	990	515	475	0.3	0.3	0.2
Muslim	2,370	1,290	1,080	0.6	0.7	0.5
Sikh	7,450	3,615	3,835	1.9	1.9	1.9
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	730	330	400	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	3,560	1,315	2,250	0.9	0.7	1.1
No religion and secular perspectives	217,350	112,720	104,625	54.9	58.4	51.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	392,980	191,700	201,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	332,915	162,355	170,560	84.7	84.7	84.7
Movers	60,070	29,345	30,725	15.3	15.3	15.3
Non-migrants	30,605	14,905	15,700	7.8	7.8	7.8
Migrants	29,465	14,440	15,025	7.5	7.5	7.5
Internal migrants	27,225	13,345	13,880	6.9	7.0	6.9
Intraprovincial migrants	18,320	8,895	9,430	4.7	4.6	4.7
Interprovincial migrants	8,900	4,450	4,450	2.3	2.3	2.2
External migrants	2,240	1,095	1,145	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	380,100	185,080	195,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	199,065	96,770	102,295	52.4	52.3	52.5
Movers	181,030	88,310	92,720	47.6	47.7	47.5
Non-migrants	60,855	29,570	31,285	16.0	16.0	16.0
Migrants	120,170	58,745	61,430	31.6	31.7	31.5
Internal migrants	109,190	53,385	55,810	28.7	28.8	28.6
Intraprovincial migrants	77,630	37,610	40,015	20.4	20.3	20.5
Interprovincial migrants	31,565	15,770	15,795	8.3	8.5	8.1
External migrants	10,975	5,360	5,620	2.9	2.9	2.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	341,810	165,585	176,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	57,455	31,210	26,245	16.8	18.8	14.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	284,355	134,380	149,975	83.2	81.2	85.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	203,355	98,700	104,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	21,810	13,085	8,720	10.7	13.3	8.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	181,550	85,610	95,935	89.3	86.7	91.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	341,805	165,585	176,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	47,630	25,030	22,600	13.9	15.1	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	107,970	51,925	56,045	31.6	31.4	31.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	186,210	88,630	97,580	54.5	53.5	55.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	119,230	58,825	60,410	34.9	35.5	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	35,085	26,765	8,320	10.3	16.2	4.7
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	12,990	7,340	5,645	3.8	4.4	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	22,095	19,420	2,670	6.5	11.7	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	73,130	27,905	45,225	21.4	16.9	25.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	11,015	4,150	6,865	3.2	2.5	3.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	66,975	29,805	37,170	19.6	18.0	21.1
Bachelor's degree	43,875	18,765	25,110	12.8	11.3	14.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	4,700	1,955	2,740	1.4	1.2	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	2,320	1,460	865	0.7	0.9	0.5
Master's degree	13,770	6,240	7,530	4.0	3.8	4.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	2,310	1,390	920	0.7	0.8	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	203,355	98,700	104,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	17,150	10,320	6,830	8.4	10.5	6.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	58,685	29,795	28,890	28.9	30.2	27.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	127,525	58,585	68,935	62.7	59.4	65.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	78,920	38,450	40,470	38.8	39.0	38.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	22,005	16,990	5,015	10.8	17.2	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	7,930	4,480	3,450	3.9	4.5	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	14,075	12,510	1,565	6.9	12.7	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	49,860	18,745	31,115	24.5	19.0	29.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,055	2,715	4,340	3.5	2.8	4.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	48,605	20,135	28,470	23.9	20.4	27.2
Bachelor's degree	32,345	13,050	19,295	15.9	13.2	18.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	3,250	1,255	1,995	1.6	1.3	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,665	965	700	0.8	1.0	0.7
Master's degree	9,835	4,045	5,790	4.8	4.1	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,510	825	690	0.7	0.8	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	341,810	165,585	176,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	155,600	76,955	78,645	45.5	46.5	44.6
Education	14,720	3,880	10,840	4.3	2.3	6.2
13. Education	14,720	3,880	10,840	4.3	2.3	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	6,020	2,530	3,490	1.8	1.5	2.0
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	990	725	265	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	5,030	1,805	3,220	1.5	1.1	1.8
Humanities	7,535	3,080	4,450	2.2	1.9	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	600	140	460	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,815	600	1,215	0.5	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	2,280	765	1,515	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	140	25	120	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	510	350	165	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	1,165	695	465	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	795	455	345	0.2	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	225	50	175	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	16,665	5,100	11,565	4.9	3.1	6.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	220	80	145	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,725	560	1,165	0.5	0.3	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	3,100	190	2,910	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	2,895	810	2,080	0.8	0.5	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	310	115	195	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	3,540	960	2,580	1.0	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	4,875	2,395	2,485	1.4	1.4	1.4
Business, management and public administration	37,135	13,670	23,465	10.9	8.3	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	75	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,905	475	2,430	0.8	0.3	1.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	34,155	13,175	20,980	10.0	8.0	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	6,695	3,460	3,240	2.0	2.1	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	2,745	1,210	1,535	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,785	805	975	0.5	0.5	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	100	25	75	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,785	1,345	440	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	290	80	210	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,730	3,180	1,545	1.4	1.9	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,670	2,685	985	1.1	1.6	0.6
25. Library science	355	35	325	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	590	365	225	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	120	100	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	41,200	38,310	2,895	12.1	23.1	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	930	615	315	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	5,135	4,370	765	1.5	2.6	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	8,450	7,500	950	2.5	4.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	11,860	11,525	340	3.5	7.0	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	9,700	9,405	300	2.8	5.7	0.2
48. Precision production	5,105	4,885	220	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	5,665	3,250	2,415	1.7	2.0	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	3,415	1,700	1,710	1.0	1.0	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	2,255	1,550	705	0.7	0.9	0.4
Health and related fields	33,810	6,265	27,545	9.9	3.8	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	2,440	1,170	1,275	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	30,480	4,545	25,935	8.9	2.7	14.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	70	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	825	535	285	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	11,985	5,895	6,090	3.5	3.6	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	7,935	2,405	5,535	2.3	1.5	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	40	40	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	80	80	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,365	1,000	370	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	2,555	2,375	185	0.7	1.4	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	45	10	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	203,355	98,700	104,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	75,830	40,115	35,720	37.3	40.6	34.1
Education	8,375	1,875	6,500	4.1	1.9	6.2
13. Education	8,375	1,875	6,500	4.1	1.9	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	4,340	1,695	2,645	2.1	1.7	2.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	575	410	165	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	3,760	1,280	2,485	1.8	1.3	2.4
Humanities	5,175	2,110	3,065	2.5	2.1	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	445	105	345	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,315	455	860	0.6	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,545	545	1,005	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95	20	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	375	255	115	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	705	425	280	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	525	270	255	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	170	35	135	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	12,510	3,335	9,175	6.2	3.4	8.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	185	60	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,485	455	1,030	0.7	0.5	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	2,280	155	2,130	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	2,280	480	1,795	1.1	0.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	230	85	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	2,555	560	1,990	1.3	0.6	1.9
45. Social sciences	3,485	1,535	1,955	1.7	1.6	1.9
Business, management and public administration	25,920	9,220	16,700	12.7	9.3	16.0
30.16 Accounting and computer science	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,135	265	1,875	1.0	0.3	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	23,725	8,945	14,780	11.7	9.1	14.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	4,500	2,140	2,360	2.2	2.2	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,980	820	1,155	1.0	0.8	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	1,170	470	700	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	60	0	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	1,165	810	355	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	120	30	95	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	3,640	2,600	1,040	1.8	2.6	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,020	2,315	705	1.5	2.3	0.7
25. Library science	190	25	165	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	355	200	155	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	65	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	27,095	24,870	2,225	13.3	25.2	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	635	375	260	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	3,615	2,970	645	1.8	3.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	5,580	4,855	725	2.7	4.9	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	8,085	7,815	270	4.0	7.9	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	6,095	5,925	175	3.0	6.0	0.2
48. Precision production	3,070	2,925	140	1.5	3.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	4,055	2,160	1,900	2.0	2.2	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	2,400	1,125	1,275	1.2	1.1	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,660	1,035	625	0.8	1.0	0.6
Health and related fields	23,710	4,580	19,130	11.7	4.6	18.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,835	855	980	0.9	0.9	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	21,255	3,365	17,890	10.5	3.4	17.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	60	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	560	350	210	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	8,170	3,995	4,170	4.0	4.0	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	5,415	1,665	3,750	2.7	1.7	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	950	670	280	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	1,755	1,610	140	0.9	1.6	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	203,355	98,700	104,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	75,830	40,115	35,720	37.3	40.6	34.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	127,520	58,590	68,940	62.7	59.4	65.9
Location of study inside Canada	111,025	51,045	59,975	54.6	51.7	57.3
Same as province or territory of residence	77,070	34,615	42,455	37.9	35.1	40.6
Different than province or territory of residence	33,950	16,430	17,520	16.7	16.6	16.7
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	16,505	7,540	8,965	8.1	7.6	8.6
Americas	4,730	2,100	2,630	2.3	2.1	2.5
United States of America	3,775	1,730	2,040	1.9	1.8	1.9
Mexico	295	100	195	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	210	80	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	35	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	135	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	5,035	2,530	2,505	2.5	2.6	2.4
Belgium	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	755	410	345	0.4	0.4	0.3
Netherlands	230	140	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	175	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungary	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	155	55	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian Federation	195	55	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	165	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	140	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,075	1,090	990	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	80	50	30	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	555	260	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Africa	725	380	345	0.4	0.4	0.3
Nigeria	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	545	285	260	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	5,060	1,990	3,075	2.5	2.0	2.9
Iran⁸⁸	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	55	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	420	155	265	0.2	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	65	20	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	60	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	255	45	205	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	355	160	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Philippines	1,675	550	1,125	0.8	0.6	1.1
Viet Nam	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	1,430	665	765	0.7	0.7	0.7
Pakistan	85	45	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	275	100	175	0.1	0.1	0.2
Oceania	945	545	405	0.5	0.6	0.4
Australia	745	425	315	0.4	0.4	0.3
New Zealand	195	110	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	341,805	165,585	176,225	...	...	...
In the labour force	203,505	105,075	98,430	...	...	...
Employed	186,760	96,070	90,690	...	...	...
Unemployed	16,740	9,005	7,740	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	138,305	60,510	77,790	...	...	...
Participation rate	59.5	63.5	55.9	59.5	63.5	55.9
Employment rate	54.6	58.0	51.5	54.6	58.0	51.5
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.6	7.9	8.2	8.6	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	341,810	165,585	176,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	137,005	60,245	76,760	40.1	36.4	43.6
Worked	204,805	105,340	99,460	59.9	63.6	56.4
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	99,660	56,245	43,420	29.2	34.0	24.6
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	105,145	49,095	56,045	30.8	29.6	31.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.6	41.2	39.9	40.6	41.2	39.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	203,500	105,075	98,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,560	1,870	1,695	1.7	1.8	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	199,940	103,205	96,740	98.3	98.2	98.3
Employee	160,505	79,770	80,735	78.9	75.9	82.0
Permanent position	132,510	66,795	65,715	65.1	63.6	66.8
Temporary position	27,995	12,970	15,020	13.8	12.3	15.3
Fixed term (1 year or more)	6,685	3,085	3,605	3.3	2.9	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	21,305	9,890	11,415	10.5	9.4	11.6
Self-employed¹⁹²	39,430	23,435	16,000	19.4	22.3	16.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	203,500	105,075	98,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,560	1,870	1,695	1.7	1.8	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	199,940	103,205	96,740	98.3	98.2	98.3
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	2,250	1,575	675	1.1	1.5	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	31,165	7,945	23,220	15.3	7.6	23.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	11,715	9,130	2,585	5.8	8.7	2.6
3 Health occupations	18,270	3,610	14,660	9.0	3.4	14.9
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	20,370	6,560	13,815	10.0	6.2	14.0
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	5,945	2,395	3,550	2.9	2.3	3.6
6 Sales and service occupations	54,940	24,125	30,815	27.0	23.0	31.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	39,435	36,115	3,320	19.4	34.4	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	8,635	6,260	2,375	4.2	6.0	2.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	7,210	5,480	1,730	3.5	5.2	1.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	203,500	105,075	98,430	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,560	1,870	1,695	1.7	1.8	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	199,940	103,205	96,740	98.3	98.2	98.3
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	6,835	4,355	2,485	3.4	4.1	2.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	2,820	2,460	365	1.4	2.3	0.4
22 Utilities	1,340	1,010	330	0.7	1.0	0.3
23 Construction	22,515	19,430	3,085	11.1	18.5	3.1
31-33 Manufacturing	12,165	8,705	3,465	6.0	8.3	3.5
41 Wholesale trade	5,265	3,465	1,800	2.6	3.3	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	26,210	12,340	13,865	12.9	11.7	14.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	7,595	5,690	1,900	3.7	5.4	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	3,115	1,930	1,185	1.5	1.8	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	5,800	2,170	3,625	2.9	2.1	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	4,285	2,205	2,075	2.1	2.1	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	14,565	7,500	7,060	7.2	7.1	7.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	335	150	185	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	8,790	5,055	3,735	4.3	4.8	3.8
61 Educational services	13,000	4,120	8,880	6.4	3.9	9.0
62 Health care and social assistance	28,485	5,330	23,155	14.0	5.1	23.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	4,960	2,530	2,430	2.4	2.4	2.5
72 Accommodation and food services	14,905	6,670	8,235	7.3	6.3	8.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	9,045	4,200	4,845	4.4	4.0	4.9
91 Public administration	7,920	3,890	4,030	3.9	3.7	4.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	221,485	113,440	108,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	215,705	110,620	105,085	97.4	97.5	97.3
French	250	75	180	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	860	490	365	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	855	490	365	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	1,575	645	935	0.7	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	2,930	1,540	1,395	1.3	1.4	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	30	30	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	221,485	113,440	108,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	220,840	113,125	107,715	99.7	99.7	99.7
Official languages	219,455	112,360	107,100	99.1	99.0	99.1
English	218,945	112,205	106,740	98.9	98.9	98.8
French	510	150	365	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	1,380	765	615	0.6	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,360	755	605	0.6	0.7	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	960	570	385	0.4	0.5	0.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	605	335	270	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	600	320	270	0.3	0.3	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	590	320	270	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	240	175	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	210	150	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	170	105	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages	170	105	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	640	310	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and French	180	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	430	215	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	221,485	113,440	108,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	217,415	111,465	105,955	98.2	98.3	98.1
English	755	330	425	0.3	0.3	0.4
French	1,155	490	660	0.5	0.4	0.6
Non-official language	1,845	990	855	0.8	0.9	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,810	980	825	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	205	125	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	186,765	96,065	90,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	33,900	16,065	17,835	18.2	16.7	19.7
Worked outside Canada	405	295	115	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	30,285	22,725	7,560	16.2	23.7	8.3
Usual place of work	122,170	56,985	65,185	65.4	59.3	71.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	122,170	56,985	65,185	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	75,615	33,750	41,860	61.9	59.2	64.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	35,910	16,935	18,980	29.4	29.7	29.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	9,070	5,185	3,890	7.4	9.1	6.0
Commute to a different province or territory	1,575	1,120	455	1.3	2.0	0.7
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	152,460	79,710	72,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	132,285	69,855	62,435	86.8	87.6	85.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	123,085	65,810	57,275	80.7	82.6	78.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	9,200	4,045	5,155	6.0	5.1	7.1
Public transit	3,580	1,420	2,165	2.3	1.8	3.0
Walked	9,645	4,185	5,460	6.3	5.3	7.5
Bicycle	2,620	1,565	1,050	1.7	2.0	1.4
Other method	4,325	2,690	1,635	2.8	3.4	2.2
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	152,460	79,710	72,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	65,575	31,035	34,540	43.0	38.9	47.5
15 to 29 minutes	55,695	28,855	26,845	36.5	36.2	36.9
30 to 44 minutes	18,940	11,530	7,410	12.4	14.5	10.2
45 to 59 minutes	5,815	3,585	2,235	3.8	4.5	3.1
60 minutes and over	6,420	4,705	1,715	4.2	5.9	2.4
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	152,460	79,710	72,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	9,360	6,970	2,385	6.1	8.7	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	27,185	18,035	9,150	17.8	22.6	12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	40,280	21,225	19,050	26.4	26.6	26.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	34,650	14,355	20,295	22.7	18.0	27.9
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	20,180	7,950	12,225	13.2	10.0	16.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	20,805	11,175	9,630	13.6	14.0	13.2
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	66,680	34,020	32,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,560	2,320	2,245	6.8	6.8	6.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	62,120	31,705	30,415	93.2	93.2	93.1
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	49,770	25,355	24,415	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,450	1,750	1,705	6.9	6.9	7.0
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,745	850	890	3.5	3.4	3.6
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,710	895	810	3.4	3.5	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	46,320	23,605	22,710	93.1	93.1	93.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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