Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	Kootenay-Boundary Health Service Delivery AreaMore information: British Columbia [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	82,656	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	44,238	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	37,402	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	82,650	41,330	41,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11,145	5,740	5,410	13.5	13.9	13.1
0 to 4 years	3,050	1,560	1,490	3.7	3.8	3.6
5 to 9 years	3,900	2,030	1,865	4.7	4.9	4.5
10 to 14 years	4,195	2,150	2,050	5.1	5.2	5.0
15 to 64 years	50,155	25,070	25,085	60.7	60.7	60.7
15 to 19 years	3,750	1,980	1,775	4.5	4.8	4.3
20 to 24 years	3,120	1,685	1,430	3.8	4.1	3.5
25 to 29 years	4,060	2,100	1,965	4.9	5.1	4.8
30 to 34 years	4,705	2,310	2,395	5.7	5.6	5.8
35 to 39 years	5,285	2,625	2,665	6.4	6.4	6.4
40 to 44 years	5,145	2,550	2,590	6.2	6.2	6.3
45 to 49 years	5,145	2,620	2,525	6.2	6.3	6.1
50 to 54 years	5,180	2,600	2,580	6.3	6.3	6.2
55 to 59 years	6,240	2,950	3,295	7.5	7.1	8.0
60 to 64 years	7,520	3,655	3,870	9.1	8.8	9.4
65 years and over	21,355	10,525	10,825	25.8	25.5	26.2
65 to 69 years	7,310	3,730	3,580	8.8	9.0	8.7
70 to 74 years	5,970	3,000	2,970	7.2	7.3	7.2
75 to 79 years	3,725	1,905	1,825	4.5	4.6	4.4
80 to 84 years	2,320	1,060	1,260	2.8	2.6	3.0
85 years and over	2,025	830	1,195	2.5	2.0	2.9
85 to 89 years	1,325	570	750	1.6	1.4	1.8
90 to 94 years	545	215	330	0.7	0.5	0.8
95 to 99 years	140	40	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
100 years and over	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.5	13.9	13.1	13.5	13.9	13.1
15 to 64 years	60.7	60.7	60.7	60.7	60.7	60.7
65 years and over	25.8	25.5	26.2	25.8	25.5	26.2
85 years and over	2.5	2.0	2.9	2.5	2.0	2.9
Average age of the population	46.5	45.8	47.1	46.5	45.8	47.1
Median age of the population	49.2	48.4	50.0	49.2	48.4	50.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	37,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	28,355	...	...	75.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	920	...	...	2.5	...	...
Row house	1,020	...	...	2.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	1,550	...	...	4.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,130	...	...	8.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	210	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	2,195	...	...	5.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	37,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	12,145	...	...	32.5	...	...
2 persons	15,040	...	...	40.2	...	...
3 persons	4,685	...	...	12.5	...	...
4 persons	3,800	...	...	10.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,735	...	...	4.6	...	...
Number of persons in private households	80,885	40,605	40,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	71,505	35,595	35,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	42,035	20,965	21,070	58.8	58.9	58.7
Married	31,565	15,760	15,810	44.1	44.3	44.0
Living common-law	10,470	5,205	5,260	14.6	14.6	14.6
Living common law - Never married	7,185	3,605	3,580	10.0	10.1	10.0
Living common law - Separated	495	245	250	0.7	0.7	0.7
Living common law - Divorced	2,470	1,245	1,225	3.5	3.5	3.4
Living common law - Widowed	320	110	210	0.4	0.3	0.6
Not married and not living common-law	29,470	14,630	14,840	41.2	41.1	41.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	17,170	9,850	7,320	24.0	27.7	20.4
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,150	1,030	1,115	3.0	2.9	3.1
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,760	2,695	3,065	8.1	7.6	8.5
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,390	1,055	3,340	6.1	3.0	9.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	23,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	15,155	...	...	63.2	...	...
3 persons	4,195	...	...	17.5	...	...
4 persons	3,470	...	...	14.5	...	...
5 or more persons	1,160	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	23,980	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	20,575	...	...	85.8	...	...
Married couples	15,340	...	...	64.0	...	...
With children⁶	5,825	...	...	24.3	...	...
Without children	9,510	...	...	39.7	...	...
Common-law couples	5,240	...	...	21.9	...	...
With children⁶	1,810	...	...	7.5	...	...
Without children	3,425	...	...	14.3	...	...
Total one-parent families	3,405	...	...	14.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	2,460	...	...	10.3	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	950	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	80,880	40,605	40,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	62,920	31,450	31,475	77.8	77.5	78.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	41,145	20,525	20,625	50.9	50.5	51.2
Parents in one-parent families	3,410	945	2,460	4.2	2.3	6.1
Children⁶	18,370	9,985	8,385	22.7	24.6	20.8
In a two-parent family	13,430	7,250	6,180	16.6	17.9	15.3
In a one-parent family	4,935	2,735	2,205	6.1	6.7	5.5
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	17,960	9,150	8,805	22.2	22.5	21.9
Living alone	12,145	6,090	6,055	15.0	15.0	15.0
Living with other relatives⁷	1,385	635	750	1.7	1.6	1.9
Living with non-relatives only	4,425	2,425	2,005	5.5	6.0	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	37,405	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,650	...	...	57.9	...	...
Couple-family households	18,925	...	...	50.6	...	...
With children⁶	7,010	...	...	18.7	...	...
Without children	11,915	...	...	31.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	2,730	...	...	7.3	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	540	...	...	1.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	200	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,135	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,725	...	...	4.6	...	...
One-person households	12,150	...	...	32.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	69,770	34,885	34,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,145	34,105	34,040	97.7	97.8	97.6
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,600	44,400	32,800	37,600	44,400	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	68,165	34,110	34,055	97.7	97.8	97.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,000	30,800	34,800	40,000	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	60,950	30,860	30,090	87.4	88.5	86.3
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,400	37,200	22,800	29,400	37,200	22,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	45,630	23,930	21,700	65.4	68.6	62.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,600	37,600	25,000	30,600	37,600	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,165	27,905	30,255	83.4	80.0	86.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,600	12,900	12,400	12,600	12,900	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,185	3,770	3,415	10.3	10.8	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,720	5,880	5,480	5,720	5,880	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,875	8,195	8,680	24.2	23.5	24.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	69,655	34,875	34,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,140	34,210	33,930	97.8	98.1	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,920	55,350	40,400	47,920	55,350	40,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	68,165	34,215	33,955	97.9	98.1	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,400	47,000	35,760	41,400	47,000	35,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,770	30,850	29,925	87.2	88.5	86.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,880	50,240	33,240	41,880	50,240	33,240
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	45,515	23,920	21,595	65.3	68.6	62.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,480	49,800	34,400	42,480	49,800	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	58,080	28,070	30,010	83.4	80.5	86.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,380	12,210	12,540	12,380	12,210	12,540
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,945	3,645	3,300	10.0	10.5	9.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,760	6,750	6,770	6,760	6,750	6,770
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,595	8,095	8,505	23.8	23.2	24.5
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,830	8,670	8,980	8,830	8,670	8,980
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	69,655	34,875	34,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,420	10,145	7,280	25.0	29.1	20.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	73,500	53,600	63,200	73,500	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,200	78,200	59,150	70,200	78,200	59,150
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,015	9,825	11,190	30.2	28.2	32.2
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	22,400	16,800	19,400	22,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,560	35,320	24,520	29,560	35,320	24,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.0	81.8	72.6	78.0	81.8	72.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	59.2	62.9	54.2	59.2	62.9	54.2
Government transfers (%)²⁰	22.0	18.1	27.5	22.0	18.1	27.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.3	1.6	1.4	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.7	4.6	7.3	5.7	4.6	7.3
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.7	5.6	4.5	3.7	5.6
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	69,775	34,885	34,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,625	785	845	2.3	2.2	2.4
With total income	68,145	34,100	34,045	97.7	97.7	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,660	2,335	3,325	8.3	6.9	9.8
$10,000 to $19,999	8,780	3,505	5,270	12.9	10.3	15.5
$20,000 to $29,999	12,055	5,215	6,835	17.7	15.3	20.1
$30,000 to $39,999	9,585	4,335	5,245	14.1	12.7	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	7,775	3,780	3,990	11.4	11.1	11.7
$50,000 to $59,999	6,105	3,185	2,920	9.0	9.3	8.6
$60,000 to $69,999	4,210	2,300	1,905	6.2	6.7	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	3,375	2,055	1,320	5.0	6.0	3.9
$80,000 to $89,999	2,370	1,525	845	3.5	4.5	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,135	1,370	770	3.1	4.0	2.2
$100,000 and over	6,100	4,490	1,615	9.0	13.2	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	4,560	3,315	1,245	6.7	9.7	3.7
$150,000 and over	1,545	1,175	370	2.3	3.4	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	69,775	34,885	34,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	1,605	775	830	2.3	2.2	2.4
With after-tax income	68,170	34,110	34,055	97.7	97.8	97.6
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,935	2,425	3,510	8.7	7.1	10.3
$10,000 to $19,999	9,055	3,625	5,430	13.3	10.6	15.9
$20,000 to $29,999	13,550	5,905	7,650	19.9	17.3	22.5
$30,000 to $39,999	10,860	5,030	5,830	15.9	14.7	17.1
$40,000 to $49,999	8,595	4,395	4,200	12.6	12.9	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	5,970	3,235	2,735	8.8	9.5	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	4,280	2,620	1,660	6.3	7.7	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	3,070	1,955	1,120	4.5	5.7	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,485	1,680	805	3.6	4.9	2.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,550	1,135	415	2.3	3.3	1.2
$100,000 and over	2,810	2,110	695	4.1	6.2	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	1,640	1,235	405	2.4	3.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	1,165	875	290	1.7	2.6	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	69,775	34,885	34,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	24,140	10,955	13,185	34.6	31.4	37.8
With employment income	45,625	23,930	21,700	65.4	68.6	62.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,395	4,310	4,090	18.4	18.0	18.8
$5,000 to $9,999	3,740	1,575	2,165	8.2	6.6	10.0
$10,000 to $19,999	5,855	2,590	3,265	12.8	10.8	15.0
$20,000 to $29,999	4,530	2,035	2,495	9.9	8.5	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	4,110	1,880	2,230	9.0	7.9	10.3
$40,000 to $49,999	3,420	1,675	1,750	7.5	7.0	8.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,070	1,480	1,595	6.7	6.2	7.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,520	1,400	1,115	5.5	5.9	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	2,125	1,340	785	4.7	5.6	3.6
$80,000 to $89,999	1,675	1,070	605	3.7	4.5	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	1,605	1,035	565	3.5	4.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	4,580	3,540	1,040	10.0	14.8	4.8
$100,000 to $124,999	2,590	1,935	655	5.7	8.1	3.0
$125,000 and over	1,985	1,605	385	4.4	6.7	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	69,770	34,885	34,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,645	33,300	33,350	95.5	95.5	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	43,600	29,200	35,600	43,600	29,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	66,830	33,325	33,500	95.8	95.5	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,200	27,200	32,400	39,200	27,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,490	30,590	29,900	86.7	87.7	85.7
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	39,200	24,400	30,800	39,200	24,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	47,910	24,795	23,115	68.7	71.1	66.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	37,600	24,400	30,000	37,600	24,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,165	22,685	26,480	70.5	65.0	75.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,200	10,000	8,800	9,200	10,000	8,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,335	3,365	2,975	9.1	9.6	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,800	6,120	5,600	5,800	6,120	5,600
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	69,655	34,875	34,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,570	33,330	33,240	95.6	95.6	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,400	55,050	37,720	46,400	55,050	37,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	66,730	33,345	33,380	95.8	95.6	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,440	46,080	32,760	39,440	46,080	32,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,370	30,655	29,720	86.7	87.9	85.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,080	52,250	33,600	43,080	52,250	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	47,770	24,890	22,880	68.6	71.4	65.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	50,280	32,960	42,000	50,280	32,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	48,955	22,650	26,305	70.3	64.9	75.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,960	10,300	9,670	9,960	10,300	9,670
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,165	3,195	2,970	8.9	9.2	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,920	6,800	7,040	6,920	6,800	7,040
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	69,655	34,875	34,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	17,260	10,035	7,220	24.8	28.8	20.8
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,200	70,500	48,800	59,200	70,500	48,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,200	76,400	54,400	67,200	76,400	54,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	19,970	9,335	10,630	28.7	26.8	30.6
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,400	28,600	21,000	24,400	28,600	21,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,680	42,400	27,880	34,680	42,400	27,880
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	84.2	87.2	79.8	84.2	87.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	65.0	68.2	60.2	65.0	68.2	60.2
Government transfers (%)	15.8	12.7	20.3	15.8	12.7	20.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.4	1.2	1.7	1.4	1.2	1.7
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	37,400	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	12,150	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,000	...	...	34,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	25,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	37,355	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	87,400	...	...	87,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,600	...	...	75,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	12,180	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,920	...	...	46,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,800	...	...	40,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	25,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,900	...	...	106,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	37,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	355	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	195	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	425	...	...	1.1	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,020	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,120	...	...	5.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,545	...	...	4.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,525	...	...	4.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,700	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,705	...	...	4.6	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,645	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,265	...	...	8.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,925	...	...	7.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,530	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,240	...	...	6.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,100	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,110	...	...	32.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,050	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,860	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	3,125	...	...	8.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,080	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	37,400	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	395	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	205	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	445	...	...	1.2	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,045	...	...	2.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,235	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,750	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,725	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,900	...	...	5.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,910	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,985	...	...	5.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,615	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,185	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,895	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,580	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,175	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	9,355	...	...	25.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	3,920	...	...	10.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	2,450	...	...	6.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	2,985	...	...	8.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	23,885	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	12,310	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	7,720	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,245	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,400	...	...	62,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	58,400	...	...	58,400	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	16,580	8,520	8,060	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	37,200	33,200	34,800	37,200	33,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	32,800	34,400	31,400	32,800	34,400	31,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	23,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,400	...	...	106,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,800	...	...	91,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	12,275	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,500	...	...	94,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,800	...	...	81,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,775	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,000	...	...	139,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,100	...	...	118,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,190	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,800	...	...	72,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,600	...	...	65,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	16,445	8,435	8,015	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,240	46,720	41,600	44,240	46,720	41,600
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,640	40,160	37,080	38,640	40,160	37,080
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	80,885	40,605	40,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,490	6,960	6,530	16.7	17.1	16.2
0 to 5 years	3,785	1,950	1,835	4.7	4.8	4.6
18 to 64 years	47,175	23,510	23,660	58.3	57.9	58.7
65 years and over	20,215	10,130	10,085	25.0	24.9	25.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	10,385	5,020	5,360	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,740	890	850	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	490	240	245	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,290	2,645	2,645	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,360	1,495	1,860	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.8	12.4	13.3	12.8	12.4	13.3
0 to 17 years (%)	12.9	12.8	13.0	12.9	12.8	13.0
0 to 5 years (%)	12.9	12.5	13.3	12.9	12.5	13.3
18 to 64 years (%)	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2	11.2
65 years and over (%)	16.6	14.7	18.5	16.6	14.7	18.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	80,885	40,610	40,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	13,495	6,960	6,530	16.7	17.1	16.2
0 to 5 years	3,785	1,950	1,840	4.7	4.8	4.6
18 to 64 years	47,175	23,510	23,665	58.3	57.9	58.8
65 years and over	20,215	10,130	10,085	25.0	24.9	25.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	2,540	1,315	1,220	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	410	200	215	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	90	40	50	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,885	995	885	...	...	...
65 years and over	245	120	125	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.3	3.0	3.1	3.3	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	2.9	3.2	3.1	2.9	3.2
0 to 5 years (%)	2.3	2.1	2.6	2.3	2.1	2.6
18 to 64 years (%)	4.0	4.2	3.7	4.0	4.2	3.7
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2	1.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	80,885	40,605	40,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	45,175	22,175	23,005	55.9	54.6	57.1
In bottom decile	9,635	4,765	4,870	11.9	11.7	12.1
In second decile	9,560	4,515	5,045	11.8	11.1	12.5
In third decile	8,855	4,325	4,535	10.9	10.7	11.3
In fourth decile	8,555	4,255	4,300	10.6	10.5	10.7
In fifth decile	8,570	4,320	4,250	10.6	10.6	10.6
In top half of the distribution	35,710	18,435	17,275	44.1	45.4	42.9
In sixth decile	7,760	3,945	3,815	9.6	9.7	9.5
In seventh decile	7,485	3,770	3,710	9.3	9.3	9.2
In eighth decile	7,430	3,830	3,600	9.2	9.4	8.9
In ninth decile	7,360	3,875	3,480	9.1	9.5	8.6
In top decile	5,665	3,005	2,660	7.0	7.4	6.6
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	80,880	...	...	80,880	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.313	...	...	0.313	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.444	...	...	0.444	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.279	...	...	0.279	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	81,805	41,010	40,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	76,005	38,405	37,605	92.9	93.6	92.2
French only	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,640	2,540	3,100	6.9	6.2	7.6
Neither English nor French	130	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	81,805	41,010	40,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	80,245	40,265	39,980	98.1	98.2	98.0
French	1,360	670	690	1.7	1.6	1.7
English and French	90	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	81,805	41,010	40,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	80,490	40,410	40,085	98.4	98.5	98.3
Official languages	74,220	37,575	36,650	90.7	91.6	89.9
English	72,800	36,870	35,930	89.0	89.9	88.1
French	1,420	700	720	1.7	1.7	1.8
Non-official languages	6,270	2,835	3,435	7.7	6.9	8.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,260	2,835	3,430	7.7	6.9	8.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	240	60	180	0.3	0.1	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	190	50	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	85	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,175	2,405	2,770	6.3	5.9	6.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,015	900	1,115	2.5	2.2	2.7
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,000	890	1,105	2.4	2.2	2.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	105	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	160	75	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,500	650	850	1.8	1.6	2.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	30	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,605	760	850	2.0	1.9	2.1
Frisian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,055	495	560	1.3	1.2	1.4
German	975	460	520	1.2	1.1	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	440	215	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	310	155	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	520	265	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Indo-Aryan languages	480	245	230	0.6	0.6	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	355	190	165	0.4	0.5	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	995	465	530	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catalan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	490	235	255	0.6	0.6	0.6
Portuguese	210	105	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	250	105	145	0.3	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	255	120	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	150	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	50	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	130	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,305	605	705	1.6	1.5	1.7
English and French	350	165	185	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	860	395	460	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	81,805	41,010	40,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	75,915	38,320	37,595	92.8	93.4	92.2
French	290	145	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official language	660	295	360	0.8	0.7	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	660	295	360	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and French	910	430	480	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	3,805	1,720	2,085	4.7	4.2	5.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	180	80	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	81,805	41,010	40,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	81,115	40,695	40,425	99.2	99.2	99.1
Official languages	79,620	40,010	39,605	97.3	97.6	97.1
English	79,195	39,805	39,390	96.8	97.1	96.6
French	425	210	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Non-official languages	1,500	685	815	1.8	1.7	2.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,500	685	815	1.8	1.7	2.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	80	25	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,000	460	540	1.2	1.1	1.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	230	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	230	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	125	50	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	225	100	125	0.3	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	135	60	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
German	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	45	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	335	175	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	320	165	155	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	205	85	120	0.3	0.2	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	140	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	135	70	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	685	320	365	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and French	130	55	75	0.2	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	540	255	290	0.7	0.6	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	81,805	41,010	40,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	77,450	39,025	38,425	94.7	95.2	94.2
English	825	375	450	1.0	0.9	1.1
French	680	325	355	0.8	0.8	0.9
Non-official language	2,440	1,090	1,350	3.0	2.7	3.3
Indigenous³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,425	1,085	1,345	3.0	2.6	3.3
English and French	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	135	65	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	80,745	40,625	40,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	80,625	40,560	40,060	99.9	99.8	99.9
English	80,610	40,555	40,050	99.8	99.8	99.8
French	5,665	2,515	3,145	7.0	6.2	7.8
Non-official languages	9,675	4,345	5,330	12.0	10.7	13.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	9,650	4,330	5,320	12.0	10.7	13.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	360	90	275	0.4	0.2	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	345	90	255	0.4	0.2	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	110	85	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	75	50	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,125	3,750	4,380	10.1	9.2	10.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,505	1,095	1,410	3.1	2.7	3.5
Baltic languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,480	1,085	1,400	3.1	2.7	3.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	165	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,950	830	1,120	2.4	2.0	2.8
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,250	1,125	1,120	2.8	2.8	2.8
Frisian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,560	805	750	1.9	2.0	1.9
German	1,525	800	730	1.9	2.0	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	570	300	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Afrikaans	100	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	465	250	215	0.6	0.6	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	200	80	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	55	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	100	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	785	415	365	1.0	1.0	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	725	390	335	0.9	1.0	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	455	270	185	0.6	0.7	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	540	280	265	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,860	1,265	1,595	3.5	3.1	4.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	690	310	380	0.9	0.8	0.9
Portuguese	250	135	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	1,975	825	1,150	2.4	2.0	2.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	225	100	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korean	125	50	70	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	50	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	150	35	110	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	120	20	100	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	325	170	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	325	170	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	155	75	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	205	105	100	0.3	0.3	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	85	25	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	100	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	80,745	40,625	40,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	5,040	2,525	2,515	6.2	6.2	6.3
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	4,895	2,440	2,455	6.1	6.0	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,040	955	1,085	2.5	2.4	2.7
Métis	2,805	1,460	1,340	3.5	3.6	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	90	65	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	75,710	38,100	37,605	93.8	93.8	93.7
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	80,745	40,625	40,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	960	460	505	1.2	1.1	1.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	79,785	40,170	39,615	98.8	98.9	98.7
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	29,240	...	...	78.3	...	...
Renter	8,115	...	...	21.7	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,800	...	...	4.8	...	...
Not condominium	35,550	...	...	95.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	245	...	...	0.7	...	...
1 bedroom	3,995	...	...	10.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	10,195	...	...	27.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	13,230	...	...	35.4	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	9,685	...	...	25.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	8,735	...	...	23.4	...	...
5 rooms	6,045	...	...	16.2	...	...
6 rooms	6,030	...	...	16.1	...	...
7 rooms	4,905	...	...	13.1	...	...
8 or more rooms	11,640	...	...	31.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,025	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	325	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,150	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	1,210	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	11,790	...	...	31.6	...	...
1961 to 1980	11,275	...	...	30.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,530	...	...	9.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,740	...	...	12.7	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,260	...	...	3.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	1,930	...	...	5.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,320	...	...	3.5	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,515	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	34,080	...	...	91.2	...	...
Major repairs needed	3,275	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	19,365	...	...	51.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,580	...	...	44.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,410	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	670	...	...	1.8	...	...
25 to 34 years	3,715	...	...	9.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	5,540	...	...	14.8	...	...
45 to 54 years	5,870	...	...	15.7	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,130	...	...	21.8	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,370	...	...	22.4	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,800	...	...	10.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,260	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,990	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	31,035	...	...	83.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	5,955	...	...	16.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	5,410	...	...	14.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	37,355	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,455	...	...	25.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	5,130	...	...	13.7	...	...
Not suitable only	915	...	...	2.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	2,450	...	...	6.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	665	...	...	1.8	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	135	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	27,900	...	...	74.7	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,445	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,350	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not in core need	33,100	...	...	90.8	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	28,970	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.5	...	...	50.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.6	...	...	11.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	755	...	...	755	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,047	...	...	1,047	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	400,000	...	...	400,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	463,200	...	...	463,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	8,105	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.1	...	...	32.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	18.2	...	...	18.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,032	...	...	1,032	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	80,745	40,630	40,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	945	460	485	1.2	1.1	1.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	910	435	470	1.1	1.1	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	515	225	290	0.6	0.6	0.7
Métis single ancestry	385	215	175	0.5	0.5	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	4,680	2,350	2,330	5.8	5.8	5.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	4,555	2,280	2,270	5.6	5.6	5.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,725	1,325	1,400	3.4	3.3	3.5
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,765	920	845	2.2	2.3	2.1
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	65	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	125	70	55	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	125	70	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	75,115	37,815	37,305	93.0	93.1	93.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	80,745	40,625	40,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	77,420	39,115	38,300	95.9	96.3	95.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	13,200	6,815	6,380	16.3	16.8	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	64,220	32,300	31,925	79.5	79.5	79.6
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	3,325	1,510	1,820	4.1	3.7	4.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	80,745	40,625	40,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	71,180	36,090	35,095	88.2	88.8	87.5
Immigrants⁸¹	8,450	3,955	4,495	10.5	9.7	11.2
Before 1980	3,960	1,980	1,980	4.9	4.9	4.9
1980 to 1990	925	385	540	1.1	0.9	1.3
1991 to 2000	795	355	440	1.0	0.9	1.1
2001 to 2010	1,190	510	680	1.5	1.3	1.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,575	725	850	2.0	1.8	2.1
2011 to 2015	590	280	310	0.7	0.7	0.8
2016 to 2021	985	445	540	1.2	1.1	1.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,115	585	525	1.4	1.4	1.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,450	3,955	4,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,135	600	535	13.4	15.2	11.9
5 to 14 years	1,540	785	750	18.2	19.8	16.7
15 to 24 years	1,675	745	930	19.8	18.8	20.7
25 to 44 years	3,485	1,525	1,955	41.2	38.6	43.5
45 years and over	615	295	320	7.3	7.5	7.1
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,450	3,955	4,495	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,415	1,025	1,390	28.6	25.9	30.9
Brazil	25	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Colombia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	55	25	30	0.7	0.6	0.7
Mexico	80	30	50	0.9	0.8	1.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
United States of America	2,045	895	1,150	24.2	22.6	25.6
Other places of birth in Americas	150	40	110	1.8	1.0	2.4
Europe	4,435	2,265	2,170	52.5	57.3	48.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	55	35	20	0.7	0.9	0.4
France	105	55	55	1.2	1.4	1.2
Germany	665	340	325	7.9	8.6	7.2
Greece	25	10	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Hungary	85	30	60	1.0	0.8	1.3
Italy	305	140	165	3.6	3.5	3.7
Netherlands	295	175	110	3.5	4.4	2.4
Poland	100	40	55	1.2	1.0	1.2
Portugal	115	60	55	1.4	1.5	1.2
Romania	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Russian Federation	85	20	60	1.0	0.5	1.3
Serbia⁸⁶	30	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
Ukraine	30	10	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,880	1,005	875	22.2	25.4	19.5
Other places of birth in Europe	650	315	330	7.7	8.0	7.3
Africa	245	130	115	2.9	3.3	2.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	150	80	65	1.8	2.0	1.4
Other places of birth in Africa	80	45	40	0.9	1.1	0.9
Asia	975	335	640	11.5	8.5	14.2
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	120	50	65	1.4	1.3	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	25	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	0.6	0.6	0.6
Taiwan	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
Philippines	270	55	220	3.2	1.4	4.9
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	165	75	90	2.0	1.9	2.0
Pakistan	30	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	215	65	155	2.5	1.6	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	385	200	190	4.6	5.1	4.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	980	440	535	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	345	170	180	35.2	38.6	33.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	45	20	25	4.6	4.5	4.7
Mexico	25	15	10	2.6	3.4	1.9
United States of America	245	130	115	25.0	29.5	21.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	15	1.5	0.0	2.8
Europe	265	120	145	27.0	27.3	27.1
France	20	0	20	2.0	0.0	3.7
Germany	10	0	0	1.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	0	10	1.5	0.0	1.9
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	65	60	12.2	14.8	11.2
Other places of birth in Europe	90	50	40	9.2	11.4	7.5
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	240	85	160	24.5	19.3	29.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	55	60	12.2	12.5	11.2
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	75	25	55	7.7	5.7	10.3
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	20	0	20	2.0	0.0	3.7
Oceania and other⁹³	115	60	50	11.7	13.6	9.3
Australia	105	60	45	10.7	13.6	8.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	10	1.0	0.0	1.9
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	80,745	40,630	40,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	10,620	5,050	5,565	13.2	12.4	13.9
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,410	7,165	7,250	17.8	17.6	18.1
Third generation or more¹⁰²	55,720	28,410	27,310	69.0	69.9	68.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,495	1,980	2,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,260	1,110	1,150	50.3	56.1	45.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,080	655	430	24.0	33.1	17.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,180	460	715	26.3	23.2	28.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,975	760	1,215	43.9	38.4	48.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	235	100	135	5.2	5.1	5.4
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	25	0	15	0.6	0.0	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,495	1,980	2,515	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	10	15	0.6	0.5	0.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,300	605	695	28.9	30.6	27.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	130	55	75	2.9	2.8	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	220	100	115	4.9	5.1	4.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	75	35	40	1.7	1.8	1.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,735	1,160	1,580	60.8	58.6	62.8
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	80,750	40,625	40,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,790	1,705	2,090	4.7	4.2	5.2
South Asian	1,020	530	495	1.3	1.3	1.2
Chinese	445	215	225	0.6	0.5	0.6
Black	365	175	190	0.5	0.4	0.5
Filipino	510	145	360	0.6	0.4	0.9
Arab	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin American	305	120	185	0.4	0.3	0.5
Southeast Asian	200	75	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	165	70	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	425	195	225	0.5	0.5	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	180	105	80	0.2	0.3	0.2
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	76,950	38,915	38,030	95.3	95.8	94.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	80,745	40,625	40,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	9,360	4,875	4,485	11.6	12.0	11.2
English	25,315	12,600	12,715	31.4	31.0	31.7
Irish	15,730	7,620	8,110	19.5	18.8	20.2
Scottish	19,315	9,520	9,795	23.9	23.4	24.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,425	4,085	4,335	10.4	10.1	10.8
German	13,570	6,650	6,920	16.8	16.4	17.2
Chinese	590	285	305	0.7	0.7	0.8
Italian	5,445	2,705	2,740	6.7	6.7	6.8
Indian (India)	830	465	370	1.0	1.1	0.9
Ukrainian	4,725	2,425	2,305	5.9	6.0	5.7
Dutch	4,010	2,100	1,910	5.0	5.2	4.8
Polish	3,175	1,515	1,655	3.9	3.7	4.1
Québécois	195	100	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,660	1,860	1,800	4.5	4.6	4.5
Filipino	550	185	370	0.7	0.5	0.9
French Canadian	880	430	455	1.1	1.1	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,340	700	645	1.7	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,230	605	625	1.5	1.5	1.6
Métis	2,315	1,230	1,085	2.9	3.0	2.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,075	1,060	1,020	2.6	2.6	2.5
Russian	7,060	3,455	3,610	8.7	8.5	9.0
Norwegian	3,475	1,690	1,780	4.3	4.2	4.4
Welsh	2,995	1,365	1,630	3.7	3.4	4.1
Portuguese	535	240	295	0.7	0.6	0.7
American	2,030	935	1,090	2.5	2.3	2.7
Spanish	575	265	310	0.7	0.7	0.8
Swedish	3,315	1,535	1,780	4.1	3.8	4.4
Hungarian	1,155	545	610	1.4	1.3	1.5
Acadian	260	105	155	0.3	0.3	0.4
Pakistani	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	175	100	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Jewish	665	345	320	0.8	0.8	0.8
Punjabi	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	285	150	145	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	125	75	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	605	250	350	0.7	0.6	0.9
Korean	170	70	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	415	215	200	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanese	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	140	65	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	1,380	710	670	1.7	1.7	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	500	225	275	0.6	0.6	0.7
Sikh	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	1,230	615	615	1.5	1.5	1.5
Belgian	505	210	300	0.6	0.5	0.7
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	55	40	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	185	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	415	205	205	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swiss	960	485	475	1.2	1.2	1.2
Finnish	955	450	505	1.2	1.1	1.3
Sri Lankan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	275	155	120	0.3	0.4	0.3
Japanese	500	230	270	0.6	0.6	0.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	175	95	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	675	285	395	0.8	0.7	1.0
Muslim	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	570	275	295	0.7	0.7	0.7
Colombian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	615	315	300	0.8	0.8	0.7
Syrian	75	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	150	85	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	115	55	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	100	30	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Persian	45	40	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	45	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	55	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	235	125	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	135	55	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	435	250	180	0.5	0.6	0.4
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	70	20	50	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	45	15	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	125	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	35	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mohawk	105	65	40	0.1	0.2	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	285	150	130	0.4	0.4	0.3
Bulgarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	180	75	105	0.2	0.2	0.3
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	115	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	40	25	20	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	115	65	50	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	445	290	155	0.6	0.7	0.4
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	15	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	155	75	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	95	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	80	50	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	120	65	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	50	20	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	80,745	40,625	40,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	485	200	285	0.6	0.5	0.7
Christian	25,785	11,750	14,035	31.9	28.9	35.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	5,785	2,730	3,055	7.2	6.7	7.6
Anabaptist	230	115	110	0.3	0.3	0.3
Anglican	2,640	1,175	1,465	3.3	2.9	3.7
Baptist	510	260	250	0.6	0.6	0.6
Catholic	7,680	3,615	4,060	9.5	8.9	10.1
Christian Orthodox	295	120	170	0.4	0.3	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	720	350	365	0.9	0.9	0.9
Latter Day Saints	245	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	870	380	490	1.1	0.9	1.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	670	290	380	0.8	0.7	0.9
Presbyterian	450	210	240	0.6	0.5	0.6
Reformed	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	3,265	1,280	1,985	4.0	3.2	4.9
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	2,305	1,040	1,260	2.9	2.6	3.1
Hindu	300	170	125	0.4	0.4	0.3
Jewish	330	170	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Muslim	105	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.2
Sikh	335	155	175	0.4	0.4	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	75	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,255	550	700	1.6	1.4	1.7
No religion and secular perspectives	52,080	27,555	24,525	64.5	67.8	61.1
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	80,230	40,315	39,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	69,845	35,340	34,505	87.1	87.7	86.4
Movers	10,385	4,980	5,405	12.9	12.4	13.5
Non-migrants	4,595	2,110	2,485	5.7	5.2	6.2
Migrants	5,790	2,870	2,920	7.2	7.1	7.3
Internal migrants	5,335	2,640	2,690	6.6	6.5	6.7
Intraprovincial migrants	3,760	1,815	1,945	4.7	4.5	4.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,575	825	750	2.0	2.0	1.9
External migrants	455	235	225	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	77,725	38,990	38,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	46,120	23,345	22,775	59.3	59.9	58.8
Movers	31,605	15,650	15,960	40.7	40.1	41.2
Non-migrants	7,670	3,915	3,755	9.9	10.0	9.7
Migrants	23,935	11,730	12,205	30.8	30.1	31.5
Internal migrants	21,925	10,765	11,160	28.2	27.6	28.8
Intraprovincial migrants	16,500	8,020	8,485	21.2	20.6	21.9
Interprovincial migrants	5,425	2,750	2,675	7.0	7.1	6.9
External migrants	2,010	965	1,045	2.6	2.5	2.7
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,655	34,880	34,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,810	6,695	5,115	17.0	19.2	14.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	57,850	28,180	29,660	83.1	80.8	85.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,625	21,170	21,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,455	2,745	1,710	10.5	13.0	8.0
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	38,175	18,420	19,750	89.6	87.0	92.0
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	69,655	34,880	34,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,740	5,270	4,470	14.0	15.1	12.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	20,285	9,825	10,455	29.1	28.2	30.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	39,635	19,780	19,855	56.9	56.7	57.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	26,215	13,940	12,275	37.6	40.0	35.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,625	6,950	1,675	12.4	19.9	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,720	1,610	1,110	3.9	4.6	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	5,905	5,335	565	8.5	15.3	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	15,570	6,215	9,365	22.4	17.8	26.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,015	780	1,235	2.9	2.2	3.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	13,420	5,840	7,580	19.3	16.7	21.8
Bachelor's degree	8,875	3,840	5,040	12.7	11.0	14.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	930	355	580	1.3	1.0	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	240	180	0.6	0.7	0.5
Master's degree	2,810	1,205	1,600	4.0	3.5	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	380	195	180	0.5	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	42,630	21,165	21,460	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,425	2,045	1,380	8.0	9.7	6.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	11,900	5,935	5,970	27.9	28.0	27.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	27,300	13,190	14,115	64.0	62.3	65.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,485	9,225	8,265	41.0	43.6	38.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,560	4,440	1,120	13.0	21.0	5.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,785	1,040	745	4.2	4.9	3.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,775	3,400	375	8.9	16.1	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,675	4,235	6,440	25.0	20.0	30.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,250	550	705	2.9	2.6	3.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,815	3,965	5,855	23.0	18.7	27.3
Bachelor's degree	6,700	2,765	3,940	15.7	13.1	18.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	655	225	435	1.5	1.1	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	285	130	160	0.7	0.6	0.7
Master's degree	1,915	730	1,180	4.5	3.4	5.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	260	120	140	0.6	0.6	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	69,655	34,880	34,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	30,025	15,100	14,925	43.1	43.3	42.9
Education	2,910	820	2,085	4.2	2.4	6.0
13. Education	2,910	820	2,085	4.2	2.4	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,525	595	935	2.2	1.7	2.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	190	140	45	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,340	455	890	1.9	1.3	2.6
Humanities	1,810	790	1,020	2.6	2.3	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	100	10	85	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	545	190	355	0.8	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	535	215	310	0.8	0.6	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	45	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	175	125	50	0.3	0.4	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	185	110	75	0.3	0.3	0.2
54. History	195	120	80	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,360	1,000	2,365	4.8	2.9	6.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	60	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	235	75	165	0.3	0.2	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	815	65	750	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	415	95	320	0.6	0.3	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	580	185	400	0.8	0.5	1.2
45. Social sciences	1,180	540	645	1.7	1.5	1.9
Business, management and public administration	6,465	2,020	4,445	9.3	5.8	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	785	65	720	1.1	0.2	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,665	1,955	3,710	8.1	5.6	10.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,305	730	570	1.9	2.1	1.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	565	280	285	0.8	0.8	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	235	135	100	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	390	275	115	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	95	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	840	535	305	1.2	1.5	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	600	420	175	0.9	1.2	0.5
25. Library science	110	15	95	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	120	95	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	10,440	9,790	645	15.0	28.1	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	205	110	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
14. Engineering	1,170	990	175	1.7	2.8	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	2,165	2,040	125	3.1	5.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,995	2,885	105	4.3	8.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,470	2,395	75	3.5	6.9	0.2
48. Precision production	1,430	1,375	55	2.1	3.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,905	1,120	790	2.7	3.2	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	635	310	325	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,270	810	460	1.8	2.3	1.3
Health and related fields	6,690	1,185	5,505	9.6	3.4	15.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	600	295	310	0.9	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,965	835	5,125	8.6	2.4	14.7
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,365	1,185	1,185	3.4	3.4	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,500	455	1,045	2.2	1.3	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	260	190	70	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	585	515	70	0.8	1.5	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	42,625	21,170	21,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,330	7,975	7,345	36.0	37.7	34.2
Education	1,705	425	1,280	4.0	2.0	6.0
13. Education	1,705	425	1,280	4.0	2.0	6.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,130	410	715	2.7	1.9	3.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	110	65	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	1,025	345	675	2.4	1.6	3.1
Humanities	1,125	480	645	2.6	2.3	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	360	130	230	0.8	0.6	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	325	120	205	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	125	90	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	95	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	115	65	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,525	645	1,875	5.9	3.0	8.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	185	65	120	0.4	0.3	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	650	45	605	1.5	0.2	2.8
22. Legal professions and studies	325	65	255	0.8	0.3	1.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	365	80	280	0.9	0.4	1.3
45. Social sciences	890	345	545	2.1	1.6	2.5
Business, management and public administration	4,510	1,465	3,040	10.6	6.9	14.2
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	570	45	520	1.3	0.2	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,935	1,415	2,520	9.2	6.7	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	895	475	420	2.1	2.2	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	405	185	220	1.0	0.9	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	160	95	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	260	175	85	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	620	430	190	1.5	2.0	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	480	360	115	1.1	1.7	0.5
25. Library science	55	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	75	55	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,960	6,395	565	16.3	30.2	2.6
04. Architecture and related services	185	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
14. Engineering	860	705	165	2.0	3.3	0.8
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,475	1,370	105	3.5	6.5	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,975	1,890	85	4.6	8.9	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,575	1,510	65	3.7	7.1	0.3
48. Precision production	880	830	55	2.1	3.9	0.3
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,445	765	680	3.4	3.6	3.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	470	200	270	1.1	0.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	980	565	415	2.3	2.7	1.9
Health and related fields	4,610	780	3,830	10.8	3.7	17.8
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	455	205	245	1.1	1.0	1.1
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	4,055	535	3,515	9.5	2.5	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	85	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,770	910	865	4.2	4.3	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,130	375	755	2.7	1.8	3.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	205	140	60	0.5	0.7	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	430	385	45	1.0	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	42,625	21,170	21,465	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	15,330	7,975	7,345	36.0	37.7	34.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	27,305	13,190	14,110	64.1	62.3	65.7
Location of study inside Canada	24,275	11,770	12,510	57.0	55.6	58.3
Same as province or territory of residence	16,665	8,150	8,515	39.1	38.5	39.7
Different than province or territory of residence	7,610	3,620	3,995	17.9	17.1	18.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,030	1,425	1,605	7.1	6.7	7.5
Americas	1,095	545	545	2.6	2.6	2.5
United States of America	975	520	455	2.3	2.5	2.1
Mexico	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,005	485	515	2.4	2.3	2.4
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	65	15	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Germany	125	85	35	0.3	0.4	0.2
Netherlands	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Switzerland	65	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hungary	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	485	230	255	1.1	1.1	1.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	80	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	565	200	365	1.3	0.9	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	160	50	110	0.4	0.2	0.5
Viet Nam	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	230	115	120	0.5	0.5	0.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oceania	300	155	150	0.7	0.7	0.7
Australia	245	125	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
New Zealand	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	69,655	34,880	34,775	...	...	...
In the labour force	40,075	21,035	19,040	...	...	...
Employed	36,160	18,825	17,335	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,920	2,215	1,705	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	29,580	13,845	15,740	...	...	...
Participation rate	57.5	60.3	54.8	57.5	60.3	54.8
Employment rate	51.9	54.0	49.8	51.9	54.0	49.8
Unemployment rate	9.8	10.5	9.0	9.8	10.5	9.0
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	69,655	34,880	34,780	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	28,935	13,565	15,370	41.5	38.9	44.2
Worked	40,720	21,320	19,400	58.5	61.1	55.8
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	17,985	10,490	7,495	25.8	30.1	21.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,735	10,825	11,910	32.6	31.0	34.2
Average weeks worked in reference year	39.6	40.1	39.0	39.6	40.1	39.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	40,075	21,035	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	800	420	380	2.0	2.0	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	39,280	20,615	18,665	98.0	98.0	98.0
Employee	30,815	15,840	14,980	76.9	75.3	78.7
Permanent position	24,270	12,615	11,660	60.6	60.0	61.2
Temporary position	6,555	3,225	3,325	16.4	15.3	17.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,450	600	845	3.6	2.9	4.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,105	2,630	2,480	12.7	12.5	13.0
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,460	4,780	3,680	21.1	22.7	19.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	40,075	21,035	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	800	420	380	2.0	2.0	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	39,280	20,615	18,665	98.0	98.0	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	360	195	170	0.9	0.9	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	4,820	1,075	3,740	12.0	5.1	19.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,690	2,035	660	6.7	9.7	3.5
3 Health occupations	3,345	600	2,745	8.3	2.9	14.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	4,235	1,130	3,105	10.6	5.4	16.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,420	615	805	3.5	2.9	4.2
6 Sales and service occupations	9,600	3,770	5,830	24.0	17.9	30.6
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	8,425	7,785	640	21.0	37.0	3.4
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	2,300	1,665	640	5.7	7.9	3.4
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	2,080	1,750	330	5.2	8.3	1.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	40,075	21,035	19,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	800	420	380	2.0	2.0	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	39,280	20,615	18,665	98.0	98.0	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,060	1,410	655	5.1	6.7	3.4
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	575	510	65	1.4	2.4	0.3
22 Utilities	535	450	80	1.3	2.1	0.4
23 Construction	4,085	3,600	485	10.2	17.1	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	3,525	2,780	740	8.8	13.2	3.9
41 Wholesale trade	535	385	150	1.3	1.8	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	4,770	2,125	2,645	11.9	10.1	13.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,265	940	325	3.2	4.5	1.7
51 Information and cultural industries	450	245	210	1.1	1.2	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	740	220	515	1.8	1.0	2.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	625	320	305	1.6	1.5	1.6
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	2,535	1,310	1,225	6.3	6.2	6.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	135	80	55	0.3	0.4	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,675	985	690	4.2	4.7	3.6
61 Educational services	2,805	790	2,010	7.0	3.8	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	5,440	945	4,495	13.6	4.5	23.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,195	630	565	3.0	3.0	3.0
72 Accommodation and food services	2,710	1,070	1,640	6.8	5.1	8.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	1,930	945	985	4.8	4.5	5.2
91 Public administration	1,690	880	815	4.2	4.2	4.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	43,930	22,925	21,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	43,215	22,645	20,565	98.4	98.8	97.9
French	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	315	100	210	0.7	0.4	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	280	120	150	0.6	0.5	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	43,930	22,925	21,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	43,865	22,895	20,975	99.9	99.9	99.9
Official languages	43,795	22,865	20,930	99.7	99.7	99.6
English	43,685	22,840	20,845	99.4	99.6	99.2
French	115	30	85	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official languages	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	40	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	65	40	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
English and French	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	43,930	22,925	21,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	43,380	22,725	20,655	98.7	99.1	98.3
English	75	10	65	0.2	0.0	0.3
French	230	85	150	0.5	0.4	0.7
Non-official language	200	85	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	195	80	115	0.4	0.3	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	36,155	18,825	17,335	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	6,480	2,890	3,590	17.9	15.4	20.7
Worked outside Canada	105	85	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
No fixed workplace address	5,905	4,525	1,375	16.3	24.0	7.9
Usual place of work	23,675	11,315	12,355	65.5	60.1	71.3
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	23,680	11,315	12,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	10,820	4,835	5,980	45.7	42.7	48.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	9,600	4,510	5,090	40.5	39.9	41.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,760	1,710	1,050	11.7	15.1	8.5
Commute to a different province or territory	495	255	235	2.1	2.3	1.9
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	29,580	15,845	13,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	24,980	13,755	11,230	84.4	86.8	81.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	23,245	13,005	10,240	78.6	82.1	74.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,735	750	985	5.9	4.7	7.2
Public transit	410	175	235	1.4	1.1	1.7
Walked	2,915	1,190	1,725	9.9	7.5	12.6
Bicycle	530	310	215	1.8	2.0	1.6
Other method	750	420	325	2.5	2.7	2.4
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	29,580	15,845	13,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	14,440	6,820	7,620	48.8	43.0	55.5
15 to 29 minutes	8,310	4,620	3,685	28.1	29.2	26.8
30 to 44 minutes	3,960	2,370	1,595	13.4	15.0	11.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,370	885	480	4.6	5.6	3.5
60 minutes and over	1,500	1,145	350	5.1	7.2	2.5
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	29,580	15,845	13,735	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,455	1,985	465	8.3	12.5	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,195	3,620	1,575	17.6	22.8	11.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	6,980	3,445	3,540	23.6	21.7	25.8
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	7,055	2,845	4,210	23.9	18.0	30.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	3,675	1,425	2,250	12.4	9.0	16.4
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	4,215	2,530	1,685	14.2	16.0	12.3
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	13,765	7,100	6,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,095	535	560	8.0	7.5	8.4
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,670	6,565	6,105	92.0	92.5	91.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	10,460	5,405	5,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	820	400	420	7.8	7.4	8.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	385	190	195	3.7	3.5	3.9
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	430	205	230	4.1	3.8	4.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	9,640	5,010	4,625	92.2	92.7	91.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table