Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ReginaMore information: Saskatchewan [Health region]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	255,201	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	...	...	...	...	...	...
Total private dwellings²	111,044	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	102,611	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	...	...	...	...	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	...	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	255,205	126,175	129,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	48,605	24,835	23,770	19.0	19.7	18.4
0 to 4 years	15,225	7,685	7,535	6.0	6.1	5.8
5 to 9 years	16,830	8,545	8,290	6.6	6.8	6.4
10 to 14 years	16,550	8,605	7,945	6.5	6.8	6.2
15 to 64 years	166,980	83,645	83,330	65.4	66.3	64.6
15 to 19 years	14,780	7,645	7,135	5.8	6.1	5.5
20 to 24 years	16,235	8,485	7,745	6.4	6.7	6.0
25 to 29 years	16,800	8,385	8,415	6.6	6.6	6.5
30 to 34 years	19,315	9,555	9,755	7.6	7.6	7.6
35 to 39 years	20,105	10,025	10,080	7.9	7.9	7.8
40 to 44 years	18,300	9,240	9,060	7.2	7.3	7.0
45 to 49 years	15,615	7,770	7,845	6.1	6.2	6.1
50 to 54 years	14,290	7,170	7,120	5.6	5.7	5.5
55 to 59 years	16,065	7,800	8,260	6.3	6.2	6.4
60 to 64 years	15,480	7,565	7,915	6.1	6.0	6.1
65 years and over	39,625	17,695	21,930	15.5	14.0	17.0
65 to 69 years	13,130	6,325	6,800	5.1	5.0	5.3
70 to 74 years	9,865	4,655	5,205	3.9	3.7	4.0
75 to 79 years	6,450	2,900	3,550	2.5	2.3	2.8
80 to 84 years	4,695	1,925	2,770	1.8	1.5	2.1
85 years and over	5,485	1,885	3,600	2.1	1.5	2.8
85 to 89 years	3,125	1,125	2,000	1.2	0.9	1.5
90 to 94 years	1,830	635	1,195	0.7	0.5	0.9
95 to 99 years	470	120	345	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	60	10	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.0	19.7	18.4	19.0	19.7	18.4
15 to 64 years	65.4	66.3	64.6	65.4	66.3	64.6
65 years and over	15.5	14.0	17.0	15.5	14.0	17.0
85 years and over	2.1	1.5	2.8	2.1	1.5	2.8
Average age of the population	39.1	38.1	40.1	39.1	38.1	40.1
Median age of the population	38.0	37.2	38.8	38.0	37.2	38.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	102,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	67,730	...	...	66.0	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,750	...	...	2.7	...	...
Row house	6,190	...	...	6.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,225	...	...	2.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,710	...	...	18.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,390	...	...	4.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	565	...	...	0.6	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	102,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	29,805	...	...	29.0	...	...
2 persons	34,560	...	...	33.7	...	...
3 persons	15,145	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	14,360	...	...	14.0	...	...
5 or more persons	8,745	...	...	8.5	...	...
Number of persons in private households	250,835	124,105	126,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	206,600	101,340	105,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	118,075	59,000	59,080	57.2	58.2	56.1
Married	99,095	49,515	49,580	48.0	48.9	47.1
Living common-law	18,980	9,485	9,500	9.2	9.4	9.0
Living common law - Never married	14,455	7,265	7,195	7.0	7.2	6.8
Living common law - Separated	555	295	260	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,630	1,790	1,840	1.8	1.8	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	340	135	205	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	88,525	42,340	46,185	42.8	41.8	43.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	61,285	33,320	27,965	29.7	32.9	26.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,525	1,935	2,595	2.2	1.9	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	12,155	4,860	7,300	5.9	4.8	6.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	10,555	2,225	8,330	5.1	2.2	7.9
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	69,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	34,625	...	...	49.8	...	...
3 persons	14,580	...	...	21.0	...	...
4 persons	13,755	...	...	19.8	...	...
5 or more persons	6,565	...	...	9.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	69,525	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	57,565	...	...	82.8	...	...
Married couples	48,075	...	...	69.1	...	...
With children⁶	26,380	...	...	37.9	...	...
Without children	21,695	...	...	31.2	...	...
Common-law couples	9,490	...	...	13.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,610	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	5,880	...	...	8.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	11,960	...	...	17.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	9,180	...	...	13.2	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,785	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	250,835	124,105	126,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	203,645	100,885	102,755	81.2	81.3	81.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	115,130	57,545	57,585	45.9	46.4	45.4
Parents in one-parent families	11,960	2,785	9,175	4.8	2.2	7.2
Children⁶	76,550	40,555	35,990	30.5	32.7	28.4
In a two-parent family	57,055	29,940	27,115	22.7	24.1	21.4
In a one-parent family	19,490	10,615	8,875	7.8	8.6	7.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	47,195	23,220	23,980	18.8	18.7	18.9
Living alone	29,805	13,520	16,285	11.9	10.9	12.9
Living with other relatives⁷	6,460	3,020	3,435	2.6	2.4	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	10,930	6,675	4,255	4.4	5.4	3.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	102,615	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	62,070	...	...	60.5	...	...
Couple-family households	52,685	...	...	51.3	...	...
With children⁶	27,355	...	...	26.7	...	...
Without children	25,330	...	...	24.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	9,390	...	...	9.2	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	2,160	...	...	2.1	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	500	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	3,070	...	...	3.0	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	5,005	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	29,805	...	...	29.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	202,435	99,385	103,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	193,665	94,805	98,865	95.7	95.4	95.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,800	52,000	42,800	46,800	52,000	42,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	193,770	94,855	98,915	95.7	95.4	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	45,600	38,800	41,600	45,600	38,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	176,740	87,620	89,125	87.3	88.2	86.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	49,200	36,000	42,000	49,200	36,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	146,275	74,695	71,580	72.3	75.2	69.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,600	49,600	38,800	43,600	49,600	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	170,855	82,090	88,760	84.4	82.6	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,500	5,440	9,000	7,500	5,440	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,975	9,175	8,800	8.9	9.2	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,760	5,560	6,000	5,760	5,560	6,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	48,585	23,935	24,650	24.0	24.1	23.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	202,390	99,365	103,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	193,595	94,730	98,870	95.7	95.3	96.0
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,950	65,000	51,250	57,950	65,000	51,250
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	193,695	94,775	98,915	95.7	95.4	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,120	52,650	43,760	48,120	52,650	43,760
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	176,985	87,640	89,350	87.4	88.2	86.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,850	62,050	45,760	53,850	62,050	45,760
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	146,315	74,520	71,795	72.3	75.0	69.7
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,950	59,900	45,720	52,950	59,900	45,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	170,520	81,810	88,715	84.3	82.3	86.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	9,950	8,750	11,060	9,950	8,750	11,060
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,790	9,135	8,655	8.8	9.2	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,030	6,150	7,960	7,030	6,150	7,960
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	48,775	24,095	24,685	24.1	24.2	24.0
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,860	8,820	8,890	8,860	8,820	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	202,390	99,365	103,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	75,855	41,015	34,835	37.5	41.3	33.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	68,000	72,500	63,200	68,000	72,500	63,200
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	77,300	84,200	69,200	77,300	84,200	69,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	54,380	25,610	28,775	26.9	25.8	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,400	17,200	19,000	21,400	17,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,920	32,840	25,400	28,920	32,840	25,400
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.8	88.4	80.6	84.8	88.4	80.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	72.6	64.8	69.0	72.6	64.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.1	11.6	19.4	15.1	11.6	19.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.9	1.4	1.1	0.9	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.8	5.2	4.4	3.8	5.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.5	4.3	3.9	3.5	4.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	202,430	99,385	103,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	8,765	4,580	4,185	4.3	4.6	4.1
With total income	193,665	94,800	98,860	95.7	95.4	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	14,790	6,830	7,950	7.6	7.2	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	18,130	7,790	10,345	9.4	8.2	10.5
$20,000 to $29,999	25,815	11,090	14,730	13.3	11.7	14.9
$30,000 to $39,999	22,870	9,955	12,905	11.8	10.5	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	21,805	9,715	12,085	11.3	10.2	12.2
$50,000 to $59,999	19,085	8,995	10,090	9.9	9.5	10.2
$60,000 to $69,999	15,745	8,005	7,745	8.1	8.4	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	12,745	6,855	5,880	6.6	7.2	6.0
$80,000 to $89,999	10,165	5,560	4,605	5.2	5.9	4.7
$90,000 to $99,999	8,240	4,460	3,780	4.3	4.7	3.8
$100,000 and over	24,280	15,545	8,735	12.5	16.4	8.8
$100,000 to $149,999	17,075	10,400	6,680	8.8	11.0	6.8
$150,000 and over	7,205	5,145	2,060	3.7	5.4	2.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	202,430	99,385	103,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	8,660	4,530	4,130	4.3	4.6	4.0
With after-tax income	193,775	94,860	98,915	95.7	95.4	96.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	15,450	7,060	8,385	8.0	7.4	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	19,095	8,210	10,885	9.9	8.7	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	29,725	12,940	16,785	15.3	13.6	17.0
$30,000 to $39,999	27,720	12,380	15,340	14.3	13.1	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	26,160	12,195	13,970	13.5	12.9	14.1
$50,000 to $59,999	21,600	10,930	10,670	11.1	11.5	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	16,525	8,815	7,710	8.5	9.3	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	12,385	6,605	5,775	6.4	7.0	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	8,030	4,460	3,565	4.1	4.7	3.6
$90,000 to $99,999	5,330	3,165	2,165	2.8	3.3	2.2
$100,000 and over	11,760	8,100	3,660	6.1	8.5	3.7
$100,000 to $124,999	6,415	4,275	2,140	3.3	4.5	2.2
$125,000 and over	5,350	3,825	1,525	2.8	4.0	1.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	202,430	99,385	103,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	56,160	24,685	31,465	27.7	24.8	30.5
With employment income	146,275	74,695	71,580	72.3	75.2	69.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	17,445	8,070	9,375	11.9	10.8	13.1
$5,000 to $9,999	10,675	4,830	5,850	7.3	6.5	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	15,505	7,085	8,425	10.6	9.5	11.8
$20,000 to $29,999	12,450	5,935	6,515	8.5	7.9	9.1
$30,000 to $39,999	12,180	5,700	6,475	8.3	7.6	9.1
$40,000 to $49,999	12,775	6,010	6,765	8.7	8.1	9.4
$50,000 to $59,999	12,110	6,045	6,060	8.3	8.1	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	10,895	5,805	5,090	7.4	7.8	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	9,150	5,020	4,130	6.3	6.7	5.8
$80,000 to $89,999	7,805	4,255	3,550	5.3	5.7	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	6,600	3,570	3,030	4.5	4.8	4.2
$100,000 and over	18,690	12,365	6,315	12.8	16.6	8.8
$100,000 to $124,999	9,140	5,525	3,615	6.2	7.4	5.1
$125,000 and over	9,545	6,845	2,700	6.5	9.2	3.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	202,435	99,385	103,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	189,005	92,345	96,660	93.4	92.9	93.8
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,600	52,400	40,800	45,600	52,400	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	189,085	92,350	96,730	93.4	92.9	93.9
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	45,600	36,800	40,400	45,600	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	173,690	86,075	87,620	85.8	86.6	85.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,600	51,200	37,200	43,600	51,200	37,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	145,005	74,050	70,955	71.6	74.5	68.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	51,200	39,200	44,800	51,200	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	160,760	77,335	83,425	79.4	77.8	81.0
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,100	1,120	4,640	2,100	1,120	4,640
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	13,485	6,565	6,920	6.7	6.6	6.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,120	5,440	7,150	6,120	5,440	7,150
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	202,390	99,365	103,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	189,020	92,250	96,770	93.4	92.8	93.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,050	64,100	48,400	56,050	64,100	48,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	189,075	92,255	96,820	93.4	92.8	94.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,240	51,700	41,080	46,240	51,700	41,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	174,150	86,135	88,020	86.0	86.7	85.4
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,500	63,600	45,600	54,500	63,600	45,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	145,530	74,240	71,290	71.9	74.7	69.2
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,950	61,500	46,120	53,950	61,500	46,120
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	160,930	77,325	83,605	79.5	77.8	81.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,880	5,625	8,040	6,880	5,625	8,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,590	6,615	6,970	6.7	6.7	6.8
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,780	6,380	9,100	7,780	6,380	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	202,390	99,365	103,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	75,295	40,710	34,580	37.2	41.0	33.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	70,500	58,800	64,500	70,500	58,800
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	74,000	81,600	65,000	74,000	81,600	65,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	50,685	23,730	26,960	25.0	23.9	26.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	29,200	22,800	25,400	29,200	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,840	41,800	30,640	35,840	41,800	30,640
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.6	92.6	85.6	89.6	92.6	85.6
Employment income (%)	74.2	77.2	70.2	74.2	77.2	70.2
Government transfers (%)	10.4	7.4	14.4	10.4	7.4	14.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.4	1.0	0.7	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	102,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	29,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	72,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	102,540	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,500	...	...	109,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	90,900	...	...	90,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	29,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	59,150	...	...	59,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,120	...	...	49,120	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	72,785	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	102,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,110	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	470	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	800	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,490	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,385	...	...	3.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,105	...	...	3.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,935	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,260	...	...	3.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,415	...	...	3.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,590	...	...	3.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	7,260	...	...	7.1	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,200	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,890	...	...	6.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,375	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,030	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	45,305	...	...	44.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	12,655	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	9,640	...	...	9.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	12,370	...	...	12.1	...	...
$200,000 and over	10,645	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	102,610	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,210	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	470	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	830	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,550	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,700	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,535	...	...	3.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,465	...	...	3.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	4,050	...	...	3.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	4,240	...	...	4.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	4,305	...	...	4.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,800	...	...	8.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	8,495	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,975	...	...	7.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	7,330	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	6,500	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	36,145	...	...	35.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	13,295	...	...	13.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	9,000	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	13,850	...	...	13.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	69,335	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	25,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	30,100	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	11,175	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	40,740	20,200	20,540	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,200	43,200	42,800	43,200	43,200	42,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	38,400	38,400	38,400	38,400	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	69,325	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	130,800	...	...	130,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,300	...	...	108,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	25,895	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	125,100	...	...	125,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	102,100	...	...	102,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	30,130	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,400	...	...	156,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,800	...	...	128,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	11,140	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	80,000	...	...	80,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,700	...	...	70,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	40,675	20,170	20,505	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	53,100	52,900	53,300	53,100	52,900	53,300
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,560	43,720	45,360	44,560	43,720	45,360
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	250,840	124,105	126,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	57,185	29,280	27,905	22.8	23.6	22.0
0 to 5 years	18,550	9,360	9,185	7.4	7.5	7.2
18 to 64 years	156,550	77,920	78,635	62.4	62.8	62.0
65 years and over	37,100	16,905	20,190	14.8	13.6	15.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	25,945	12,360	13,580	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	7,820	3,990	3,825	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,785	1,345	1,445	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	14,240	6,970	7,270	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,880	1,405	2,475	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.3	10.0	10.7	10.3	10.0	10.7
0 to 17 years (%)	13.7	13.6	13.7	13.7	13.6	13.7
0 to 5 years (%)	15.0	14.3	15.7	15.0	14.3	15.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.1	8.9	9.3	9.1	8.9	9.3
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.3	12.3	10.5	8.3	12.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	250,160	123,775	126,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	56,900	29,155	27,740	22.7	23.6	21.9
0 to 5 years	18,470	9,325	9,145	7.4	7.5	7.2
18 to 64 years	156,215	77,740	78,480	62.4	62.8	62.1
65 years and over	37,040	16,880	20,160	14.8	13.6	16.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,535	5,695	4,840	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,495	1,295	1,200	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	830	415	415	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,550	4,170	3,375	...	...	...
65 years and over	490	225	265	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.2	4.6	3.8	4.2	4.6	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.4	4.4	4.3
0 to 5 years (%)	4.5	4.4	4.5	4.5	4.4	4.5
18 to 64 years (%)	4.8	5.4	4.3	4.8	5.4	4.3
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	250,840	124,105	126,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	116,010	56,300	59,710	46.2	45.4	47.1
In bottom decile	23,655	11,855	11,800	9.4	9.6	9.3
In second decile	22,945	10,615	12,330	9.1	8.6	9.7
In third decile	22,965	11,105	11,855	9.2	8.9	9.4
In fourth decile	23,005	11,140	11,865	9.2	9.0	9.4
In fifth decile	23,430	11,570	11,860	9.3	9.3	9.4
In top half of the distribution	134,830	67,810	67,025	53.8	54.6	52.9
In sixth decile	24,960	12,300	12,660	10.0	9.9	10.0
In seventh decile	26,390	13,250	13,140	10.5	10.7	10.4
In eighth decile	28,040	14,070	13,970	11.2	11.3	11.0
In ninth decile	29,005	14,640	14,370	11.6	11.8	11.3
In top decile	26,435	13,550	12,880	10.5	10.9	10.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	250,835	...	...	250,835	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.328	...	...	0.328	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.425	...	...	0.425	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.289	...	...	0.289	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	251,855	124,550	127,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	234,040	116,545	117,495	92.9	93.6	92.3
French only	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	14,680	6,600	8,080	5.8	5.3	6.3
Neither English nor French	2,955	1,325	1,630	1.2	1.1	1.3
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	251,855	124,550	127,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	245,975	121,800	124,175	97.7	97.8	97.5
French	2,450	1,185	1,265	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	605	310	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	2,820	1,255	1,565	1.1	1.0	1.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	251,855	124,550	127,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	243,195	120,280	122,920	96.6	96.6	96.6
Official languages	200,740	99,060	101,680	79.7	79.5	79.9
English	198,315	97,890	100,430	78.7	78.6	78.9
French	2,425	1,170	1,255	1.0	0.9	1.0
Non-official languages	42,455	21,220	21,235	16.9	17.0	16.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	350	130	215	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	280	100	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	210	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	210	85	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	110	40	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	42,105	21,085	21,015	16.7	16.9	16.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,040	1,520	1,520	1.2	1.2	1.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	585	280	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	425	200	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,440	1,235	1,200	1.0	1.0	0.9
Amharic	170	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,760	890	870	0.7	0.7	0.7
Aramaic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	465	240	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,625	780	845	0.6	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,585	760	825	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,390	3,505	3,885	2.9	2.8	3.1
Bikol	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	200	95	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	405	195	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	440	205	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,955	2,835	3,115	2.4	2.3	2.4
Waray-Waray	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,110	615	495	0.4	0.5	0.4
Kannada	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	620	330	290	0.2	0.3	0.2
Tamil	205	110	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	235	145	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	21,065	10,850	10,220	8.4	8.7	8.0
Albanian	170	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,930	1,340	1,590	1.2	1.1	1.2
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,880	1,315	1,565	1.1	1.1	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	370	170	200	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	875	410	465	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	360	175	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	140	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,160	510	650	0.5	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,200	1,050	1,150	0.9	0.8	0.9
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,695	795	895	0.7	0.6	0.7
German	1,680	795	890	0.7	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	420	210	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afrikaans	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	45	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	470	240	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	13,265	7,125	6,140	5.3	5.7	4.8
Indo-Aryan languages	12,420	6,680	5,740	4.9	5.4	4.5
Assamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,370	720	650	0.5	0.6	0.5
Gujarati	2,640	1,485	1,150	1.0	1.2	0.9
Hindi	1,175	660	515	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	70	35	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	355	180	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	4,055	2,180	1,880	1.6	1.8	1.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,520	1,285	1,235	1.0	1.0	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	840	440	400	0.3	0.4	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	175	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	600	300	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	215	110	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	340	170	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,010	990	1,015	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	300	150	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	185	90	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	220	100	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,295	650	645	0.5	0.5	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	20	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	515	215	300	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,160	600	570	0.5	0.5	0.4
Akan (Twi)	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	105	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	345	170	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	100	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	160	95	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	95	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,185	2,540	2,645	2.1	2.0	2.1
Chinese languages	4,645	2,265	2,375	1.8	1.8	1.9
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,210	1,585	1,625	1.3	1.3	1.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,240	590	650	0.5	0.5	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	525	265	260	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	420	215	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	350	185	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	45	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	135	60	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	335	155	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	315	150	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,660	4,275	4,385	3.4	3.4	3.4
English and French	820	420	400	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,805	3,370	3,435	2.7	2.7	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	125	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	765	360	410	0.3	0.3	0.3
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	251,855	124,550	127,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	201,810	99,580	102,235	80.1	80.0	80.3
French	655	320	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	11,550	5,745	5,805	4.6	4.6	4.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,530	5,740	5,790	4.6	4.6	4.5
English and French	2,160	1,000	1,160	0.9	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	33,170	16,660	16,510	13.2	13.4	13.0
French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	965	475	490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	1,425	725	705	0.6	0.6	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	251,855	124,550	127,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	242,650	119,895	122,755	96.3	96.3	96.4
Official languages	215,910	106,390	109,515	85.7	85.4	86.0
English	214,925	105,915	109,005	85.3	85.0	85.6
French	985	475	510	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	26,740	13,500	13,240	10.6	10.8	10.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	55	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,660	13,470	13,195	10.6	10.8	10.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,095	1,015	1,080	0.8	0.8	0.8
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	415	200	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	290	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,675	815	860	0.7	0.7	0.7
Amharic	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,225	595	630	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	355	180	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,285	635	650	0.5	0.5	0.5
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,270	630	640	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,735	2,290	2,445	1.9	1.8	1.9
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	215	105	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	185	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	4,025	1,950	2,075	1.6	1.6	1.6
Waray-Waray	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	750	395	355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kannada	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	460	245	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	125	60	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	140	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tulu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,570	6,570	6,000	5.0	5.3	4.7
Albanian	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,215	605	610	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,195	590	605	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	565	280	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	150	70	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	340	175	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	320	150	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	210	95	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	90	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	245	115	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	9,845	5,245	4,600	3.9	4.2	3.6
Indo-Aryan languages	9,285	4,970	4,325	3.7	4.0	3.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	965	505	465	0.4	0.4	0.4
Gujarati	1,990	1,100	890	0.8	0.9	0.7
Hindi	845	480	365	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	265	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,320	1,785	1,535	1.3	1.4	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,755	880	870	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	550	270	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	115	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	390	195	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	120	65	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	235	110	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	855	415	440	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	75	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	645	320	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	385	175	210	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	475	235	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	65	25	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	50	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,890	1,920	1,970	1.5	1.5	1.5
Chinese languages	3,480	1,710	1,765	1.4	1.4	1.4
Hakka	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,585	1,285	1,295	1.0	1.0	1.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	795	380	415	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	405	210	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	335	165	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
S'gaw Karen	275	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	70	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,205	4,660	4,545	3.7	3.7	3.6
English and French	335	170	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,540	4,335	4,200	3.4	3.5	3.3
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	251,855	124,550	127,300	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	221,070	109,190	111,880	87.8	87.7	87.9
English	11,310	5,705	5,610	4.5	4.6	4.4
French	1,860	865	995	0.7	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	12,545	6,180	6,370	5.0	5.0	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	425	160	265	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	12,125	6,020	6,105	4.8	4.8	4.8
English and French	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,755	1,455	1,300	1.1	1.2	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	415	190	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,735	890	840	0.7	0.7	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	250,775	124,105	126,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	247,830	122,800	125,025	98.8	98.9	98.7
English	247,700	122,735	124,960	98.8	98.9	98.7
French	14,765	6,835	7,930	5.9	5.5	6.3
Non-official languages	57,370	28,600	28,775	22.9	23.0	22.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	1,115	485	620	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	965	435	530	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	840	375	460	0.3	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	840	375	460	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	355	145	210	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	435	220	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	175	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	25	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	45	10	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	120	50	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assiniboine	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	56,305	28,120	28,185	22.5	22.7	22.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,410	2,240	2,175	1.8	1.8	1.7
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	845	415	430	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oromo	60	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	615	295	320	0.2	0.2	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,675	1,890	1,785	1.5	1.5	1.4
Amharic	355	175	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	2,690	1,405	1,280	1.1	1.1	1.0
Aramaic languages	115	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	35	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	295	170	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	670	335	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,145	1,025	1,115	0.9	0.8	0.9
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	2,060	980	1,080	0.8	0.8	0.9
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10,080	4,825	5,255	4.0	3.9	4.1
Bikol	125	50	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	270	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	610	285	325	0.2	0.2	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	1,070	495	570	0.4	0.4	0.5
Indonesian	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	55	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,795	4,665	5,130	3.9	3.8	4.1
Waray-Waray	95	55	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	345	180	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Creole languages	365	185	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	100	45	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,650	855	795	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kannada	80	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	900	460	445	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	445	255	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	395	215	180	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	28,115	14,375	13,735	11.2	11.6	10.8
Albanian	265	150	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,775	1,780	1,995	1.5	1.4	1.6
Baltic languages	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,730	1,755	1,975	1.5	1.4	1.6
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	395	190	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,670	810	860	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	610	305	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	305	165	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	275	135	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,725	775	955	0.7	0.6	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,660	1,355	1,305	1.1	1.1	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,955	965	990	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	1,930	955	975	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	535	325	215	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	225	145	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	280	165	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	190	80	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	80	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	800	425	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	17,480	9,225	8,255	7.0	7.4	6.5
Indo-Aryan languages	16,585	8,730	7,860	6.6	7.0	6.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,835	920	910	0.7	0.7	0.7
Gujarati	3,350	1,865	1,490	1.3	1.5	1.2
Hindi	7,760	4,125	3,625	3.1	3.3	2.9
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	260	130	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	395	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.1
Oriya languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	6,070	3,225	2,850	2.4	2.6	2.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	3,980	2,050	1,920	1.6	1.7	1.5
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	205	120	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,090	595	495	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	275	150	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	770	420	345	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	355	185	170	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	420	240	180	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,815	1,820	1,995	1.5	1.5	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	580	235	350	0.2	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	350	175	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	225	120	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,815	1,355	1,460	1.1	1.1	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	410	185	230	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	635	300	330	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,145	1,605	1,540	1.3	1.3	1.2
Akan (Twi)	190	85	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	65	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	75	50	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	530	285	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	155	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	470	235	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,295	655	640	0.5	0.5	0.5
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	320	165	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	55	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	60	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
African, n.o.s.	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	335	190	145	0.1	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	275	145	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	65	45	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,095	2,990	3,105	2.4	2.4	2.5
Chinese languages	5,355	2,660	2,700	2.1	2.1	2.1
Hakka	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,170	2,075	2,100	1.7	1.7	1.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,565	760	815	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	690	310	375	0.3	0.2	0.3
Burmese	140	55	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	525	235	285	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	460	210	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	25	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	80	30	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	65	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	250	120	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	185	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	90	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	165	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	335	155	180	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	325	145	175	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	250,775	124,105	126,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	25,485	12,140	13,350	10.2	9.8	10.5
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	24,835	11,820	13,015	9.9	9.5	10.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	15,095	7,040	8,055	6.0	5.7	6.4
Métis	9,600	4,735	4,865	3.8	3.8	3.8
Inuk (Inuit)	140	45	95	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	395	175	220	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	255	140	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	225,290	111,970	113,320	89.8	90.2	89.5
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	250,775	124,105	126,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	13,745	6,395	7,350	5.5	5.2	5.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	237,030	117,710	119,320	94.5	94.8	94.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	102,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	70,570	...	...	68.8	...	...
Renter	31,815	...	...	31.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	150	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	102,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	14,410	...	...	14.1	...	...
Not condominium	88,130	...	...	86.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	102,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	520	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	11,080	...	...	10.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	25,160	...	...	24.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	34,640	...	...	33.8	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	31,135	...	...	30.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	102,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	28,390	...	...	27.7	...	...
5 rooms	15,510	...	...	15.1	...	...
6 rooms	14,270	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	13,255	...	...	12.9	...	...
8 or more rooms	31,115	...	...	30.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.3	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	102,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	99,435	...	...	97.0	...	...
More than one person per room	3,100	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	102,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	96,790	...	...	94.4	...	...
Not suitable	5,755	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	102,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	19,980	...	...	19.5	...	...
1961 to 1980	34,365	...	...	33.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	12,855	...	...	12.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	6,990	...	...	6.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	4,565	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	6,230	...	...	6.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	10,250	...	...	10.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	7,305	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	102,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	95,085	...	...	92.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	7,450	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	102,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	50,910	...	...	49.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	47,380	...	...	46.2	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,250	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	102,535	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,950	...	...	3.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	16,675	...	...	16.3	...	...
35 to 44 years	21,225	...	...	20.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	17,200	...	...	16.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	18,855	...	...	18.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	14,095	...	...	13.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	7,290	...	...	7.1	...	...
85 years and over	3,260	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	101,160	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	82,370	...	...	81.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	18,790	...	...	18.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	17,135	...	...	16.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	102,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	29,155	...	...	28.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	16,440	...	...	16.0	...	...
Not suitable only	4,510	...	...	4.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	5,460	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	760	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,505	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	405	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	90	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	73,380	...	...	71.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	99,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	9,730	...	...	9.8	...	...
Not in core need	89,775	...	...	90.2	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	69,855	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	62.9	...	...	62.9	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,484	...	...	1,484	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	348,000	...	...	348,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	374,800	...	...	374,800	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	31,760	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.9	...	...	14.9	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.3	...	...	35.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.9	...	...	22.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,211	...	...	1,211	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	150	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.3	...	...	10.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	352	...	...	352	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	365	...	...	365	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	250,770	124,105	126,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	13,450	6,225	7,225	5.4	5.0	5.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	12,910	5,990	6,925	5.1	4.8	5.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	10,670	4,940	5,730	4.3	4.0	4.5
Métis single ancestry	2,185	1,045	1,145	0.9	0.8	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	540	240	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	520	220	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	12,965	6,335	6,630	5.2	5.1	5.2
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	12,285	6,035	6,250	4.9	4.9	4.9
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,660	3,230	3,425	2.7	2.6	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	5,535	2,765	2,765	2.2	2.2	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	680	300	380	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	625	280	345	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	224,360	111,545	112,815	89.5	89.9	89.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	250,775	124,105	126,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	222,615	109,795	112,825	88.8	88.5	89.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	52,010	26,555	25,450	20.7	21.4	20.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	170,610	83,235	87,375	68.0	67.1	69.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	28,155	14,310	13,845	11.2	11.5	10.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	250,775	124,105	126,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	198,490	97,715	100,770	79.2	78.7	79.6
Immigrants⁸¹	46,125	22,925	23,205	18.4	18.5	18.3
Before 1980	4,065	2,015	2,050	1.6	1.6	1.6
1980 to 1990	1,935	985	950	0.8	0.8	0.7
1991 to 2000	2,810	1,305	1,510	1.1	1.1	1.2
2001 to 2010	9,345	4,540	4,810	3.7	3.7	3.8
2011 to 2021⁸²	27,975	14,090	13,885	11.2	11.4	11.0
2011 to 2015	12,970	6,655	6,310	5.2	5.4	5.0
2016 to 2021	15,005	7,435	7,575	6.0	6.0	6.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,160	3,465	2,695	2.5	2.8	2.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	46,130	22,925	23,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,465	2,350	2,115	9.7	10.3	9.1
5 to 14 years	8,350	4,480	3,865	18.1	19.5	16.7
15 to 24 years	7,415	3,345	4,065	16.1	14.6	17.5
25 to 44 years	22,120	10,790	11,335	48.0	47.1	48.8
45 years and over	3,775	1,960	1,815	8.2	8.5	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	46,130	22,925	23,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,450	1,635	1,815	7.5	7.1	7.8
Brazil	110	55	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	115	75	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	160	75	85	0.3	0.3	0.4
Guyana	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	675	320	360	1.5	1.4	1.6
Mexico	350	180	170	0.8	0.8	0.7
Peru	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	85	35	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
United States of America	1,290	550	740	2.8	2.4	3.2
Other places of birth in Americas	540	290	250	1.2	1.3	1.1
Europe	6,075	3,065	3,010	13.2	13.4	13.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	210	105	105	0.5	0.5	0.5
Croatia	225	120	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
France	125	50	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	495	230	265	1.1	1.0	1.1
Greece	265	165	105	0.6	0.7	0.5
Hungary	130	65	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	295	135	160	0.6	0.6	0.7
Netherlands	225	155	70	0.5	0.7	0.3
Poland	230	105	130	0.5	0.5	0.6
Portugal	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	195	90	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	205	95	110	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	905	410	490	2.0	1.8	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,560	795	765	3.4	3.5	3.3
Other places of birth in Europe	885	485	400	1.9	2.1	1.7
Africa	6,340	3,300	3,040	13.7	14.4	13.1
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	235	120	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Egypt	350	175	170	0.8	0.8	0.7
Eritrea	425	220	205	0.9	1.0	0.9
Ethiopia	315	125	190	0.7	0.5	0.8
Morocco	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigeria	2,255	1,180	1,080	4.9	5.1	4.7
Somalia	345	165	180	0.7	0.7	0.8
South Africa, Republic of	335	195	140	0.7	0.9	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	2,035	1,100	935	4.4	4.8	4.0
Asia	30,105	14,860	15,240	65.3	64.8	65.7
Afghanistan	260	125	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	245	150	95	0.5	0.7	0.4
Iraq	190	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanon	70	60	20	0.2	0.3	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	640	285	350	1.4	1.2	1.5
Turkey	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	2,925	1,365	1,555	6.3	6.0	6.7
Hong Kong⁹¹	255	125	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	400	185	215	0.9	0.8	0.9
Taiwan	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	9,910	4,745	5,165	21.5	20.7	22.3
Viet Nam	1,415	640	775	3.1	2.8	3.3
Bangladesh	1,250	665	585	2.7	2.9	2.5
India	7,500	3,895	3,610	16.3	17.0	15.6
Pakistan	2,660	1,345	1,315	5.8	5.9	5.7
Sri Lanka	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	2,175	1,075	1,100	4.7	4.7	4.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	160	60	100	0.3	0.3	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	15,005	7,435	7,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	825	410	415	5.5	5.5	5.5
Brazil	50	35	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Colombia	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	240	130	110	1.6	1.7	1.5
Mexico	110	55	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
United States of America	280	110	170	1.9	1.5	2.2
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other places of birth in Americas	110	60	50	0.7	0.8	0.7
Europe	795	465	330	5.3	6.3	4.4
France	25	20	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Germany	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	75	50	25	0.5	0.7	0.3
Italy	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	165	75	90	1.1	1.0	1.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	165	105	60	1.1	1.4	0.8
Other places of birth in Europe	290	185	105	1.9	2.5	1.4
Africa	2,770	1,435	1,335	18.5	19.3	17.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroon	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	50	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	165	80	90	1.1	1.1	1.2
Eritrea	215	105	115	1.4	1.4	1.5
Ethiopia	95	30	65	0.6	0.4	0.9
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	1,420	765	650	9.5	10.3	8.6
Somalia	75	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	30	0.6	0.7	0.4
Sudan⁹⁷	110	60	50	0.7	0.8	0.7
Tunisia	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	470	230	235	3.1	3.1	3.1
Asia	10,590	5,120	5,465	70.6	68.9	72.2
Afghanistan	105	40	65	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bangladesh	490	245	245	3.3	3.3	3.2
China⁹⁰	1,210	605	605	8.1	8.1	8.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	3,990	1,985	2,005	26.6	26.7	26.5
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	45	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Israel	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Jordan	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	85	35	50	0.6	0.5	0.7
Lebanon	35	30	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	790	400	395	5.3	5.4	5.2
Philippines	2,330	1,080	1,245	15.5	14.5	16.4
Saudi Arabia	135	70	65	0.9	0.9	0.9
Sri Lanka	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	555	255	300	3.7	3.4	4.0
Turkey	40	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
United Arab Emirates	60	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	320	130	190	2.1	1.7	2.5
Other places of birth in Asia	220	115	110	1.5	1.5	1.5
Oceania and other⁹³	25	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Australia	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	250,775	124,110	126,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	53,545	26,920	26,625	21.4	21.7	21.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	31,510	15,200	16,310	12.6	12.2	12.9
Third generation or more¹⁰²	165,720	81,990	83,730	66.1	66.1	66.1
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	42,060	20,910	21,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	29,060	14,950	14,115	69.1	71.5	66.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,930	7,550	4,380	28.4	36.1	20.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	17,130	7,400	9,735	40.7	35.4	46.0
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,600	3,165	4,435	18.1	15.1	21.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,320	2,755	2,560	12.6	13.2	12.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	42,060	20,910	21,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	555	320	240	1.3	1.5	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	5,045	2,730	2,320	12.0	13.1	11.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,290	690	600	3.1	3.3	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,645	2,170	1,475	8.7	10.4	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	190	80	110	0.5	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	31,330	14,920	16,405	74.5	71.4	77.6
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	250,770	124,105	126,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	58,095	29,325	28,770	23.2	23.6	22.7
South Asian	19,490	10,190	9,305	7.8	8.2	7.3
Chinese	5,940	3,000	2,940	2.4	2.4	2.3
Black	9,970	5,120	4,845	4.0	4.1	3.8
Filipino	12,115	5,805	6,315	4.8	4.7	5.0
Arab	2,005	1,035	965	0.8	0.8	0.8
Latin American	1,430	695	735	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	3,570	1,745	1,825	1.4	1.4	1.4
West Asian	925	490	435	0.4	0.4	0.3
Korean	605	275	330	0.2	0.2	0.3
Japanese	285	125	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	420	180	235	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,345	665	680	0.5	0.5	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	192,680	94,775	97,900	76.8	76.4	77.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	250,775	124,105	126,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	22,420	11,335	11,080	8.9	9.1	8.7
English	48,640	23,760	24,875	19.4	19.1	19.6
Irish	33,835	16,070	17,770	13.5	12.9	14.0
Scottish	40,100	19,690	20,410	16.0	15.9	16.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	21,500	10,515	10,995	8.6	8.5	8.7
German	65,345	32,045	33,300	26.1	25.8	26.3
Chinese	6,465	3,215	3,255	2.6	2.6	2.6
Italian	3,275	1,570	1,705	1.3	1.3	1.3
Indian (India)	9,575	5,075	4,500	3.8	4.1	3.6
Ukrainian	29,830	14,475	15,350	11.9	11.7	12.1
Dutch	5,480	2,690	2,795	2.2	2.2	2.2
Polish	12,960	6,235	6,725	5.2	5.0	5.3
Québécois	185	85	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,715	2,855	2,860	2.3	2.3	2.3
Filipino	10,900	5,235	5,665	4.3	4.2	4.5
French Canadian	1,120	600	515	0.4	0.5	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	3,170	1,685	1,475	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,740	4,155	4,590	3.5	3.3	3.6
Métis	8,890	4,320	4,565	3.5	3.5	3.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,755	1,450	1,305	1.1	1.2	1.0
Russian	7,075	3,400	3,675	2.8	2.7	2.9
Norwegian	11,570	5,580	5,995	4.6	4.5	4.7
Welsh	4,220	2,040	2,185	1.7	1.6	1.7
Portuguese	460	230	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	2,665	1,380	1,285	1.1	1.1	1.0
Spanish	1,655	720	935	0.7	0.6	0.7
Swedish	5,970	2,820	3,145	2.4	2.3	2.5
Hungarian	9,630	4,765	4,870	3.8	3.8	3.8
Acadian	160	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	2,945	1,495	1,450	1.2	1.2	1.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,735	915	820	0.7	0.7	0.6
Jewish	750	395	355	0.3	0.3	0.3
Punjabi	1,970	1,025	940	0.8	0.8	0.7
Vietnamese	2,080	1,025	1,055	0.8	0.8	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	1,005	530	470	0.4	0.4	0.4
Greek	1,390	745	640	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	980	450	525	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,120	1,045	1,080	0.8	0.8	0.9
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	4,860	2,250	2,610	1.9	1.8	2.1
Korean	615	290	330	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	5,285	2,570	2,715	2.1	2.1	2.1
Lebanese	320	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	405	225	180	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	580	300	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	2,490	1,155	1,335	1.0	0.9	1.1
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,140	985	1,155	0.9	0.8	0.9
Sikh	1,195	655	540	0.5	0.5	0.4
Austrian	6,960	3,430	3,530	2.8	2.8	2.8
Belgian	1,930	1,010	920	0.8	0.8	0.7
Haitian	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,330	695	640	0.5	0.6	0.5
Mexican	600	310	290	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mennonite	790	390	405	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	965	490	485	0.4	0.4	0.4
Finnish	965	470	495	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	675	340	335	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	380	165	215	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	425	205	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	50	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,330	680	650	0.5	0.5	0.5
Muslim	635	345	290	0.3	0.3	0.2
Egyptian	400	210	185	0.2	0.2	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	180	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	120	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	1,480	630	850	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	160	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,235	590	645	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	480	205	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	130	45	80	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	460	235	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	215	100	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	545	270	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	435	185	250	0.2	0.1	0.2
Newfoundlander	120	55	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Konger	120	55	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	170	100	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	230	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	210	80	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	1,255	655	600	0.5	0.5	0.5
Algerian	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	225	110	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	1,445	780	665	0.6	0.6	0.5
Armenian	70	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	360	220	140	0.1	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	485	215	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	660	290	375	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwanese	60	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	165	90	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	160	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	160	95	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	365	180	185	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	260	125	140	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	270	160	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	290	160	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	315	190	125	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	140	90	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	350	160	190	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	60	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,160	600	560	0.5	0.5	0.4
Cambodian (Khmer)	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	205	125	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	200	115	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	485	240	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	640	335	300	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Canadian	140	75	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	525	220	305	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	105	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	275	150	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	185	70	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	145	60	85	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cuban	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	240	115	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	110	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	445	225	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	75	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	340	190	150	0.1	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	400	200	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	120	70	50	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	90	55	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	15	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	85	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	105	60	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	185	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	285	155	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	595	315	280	0.2	0.3	0.2
Byelorussian	100	55	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	245	125	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	170	85	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	585	265	320	0.2	0.2	0.3
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	1,555	740	815	0.6	0.6	0.6
Buddhist	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	115	40	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	1,475	660	815	0.6	0.5	0.6
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	105	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	105	55	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	75	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	120	50	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	55	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	190	100	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	120	60	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	115	60	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	105	55	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	170	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	45	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	40	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	490	250	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	250,775	124,105	126,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,790	855	940	0.7	0.7	0.7
Christian	134,045	62,910	71,135	53.5	50.7	56.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	19,685	9,540	10,145	7.8	7.7	8.0
Anabaptist	495	205	295	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	5,285	2,385	2,900	2.1	1.9	2.3
Baptist	3,125	1,460	1,660	1.2	1.2	1.3
Catholic	60,655	29,000	31,655	24.2	23.4	25.0
Christian Orthodox	4,015	2,005	2,015	1.6	1.6	1.6
Jehovah's Witness	950	435	515	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	615	320	295	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lutheran	13,050	6,030	7,020	5.2	4.9	5.5
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	400	175	220	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,240	1,490	1,750	1.3	1.2	1.4
Presbyterian	990	460	530	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	165	95	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	15,600	6,640	8,960	6.2	5.4	7.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,775	2,675	3,095	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hindu	6,600	3,505	3,095	2.6	2.8	2.4
Jewish	360	210	150	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	10,440	5,275	5,165	4.2	4.3	4.1
Sikh	4,455	2,310	2,140	1.8	1.9	1.7
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,470	585	890	0.6	0.5	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,640	745	895	0.7	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	89,970	47,705	42,265	35.9	38.4	33.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	247,930	122,635	125,295	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	212,600	105,185	107,415	85.8	85.8	85.7
Movers	35,330	17,455	17,880	14.2	14.2	14.3
Non-migrants	25,850	12,690	13,160	10.4	10.3	10.5
Migrants	9,480	4,765	4,715	3.8	3.9	3.8
Internal migrants	6,995	3,495	3,505	2.8	2.8	2.8
Intraprovincial migrants	4,635	2,240	2,395	1.9	1.8	1.9
Interprovincial migrants	2,360	1,250	1,110	1.0	1.0	0.9
External migrants	2,485	1,275	1,210	1.0	1.0	1.0
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	235,600	116,445	119,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	139,250	69,040	70,210	59.1	59.3	58.9
Movers	96,350	47,405	48,940	40.9	40.7	41.1
Non-migrants	55,220	27,135	28,085	23.4	23.3	23.6
Migrants	41,135	20,275	20,855	17.5	17.4	17.5
Internal migrants	26,495	12,940	13,550	11.2	11.1	11.4
Intraprovincial migrants	19,110	9,310	9,795	8.1	8.0	8.2
Interprovincial migrants	7,385	3,630	3,755	3.1	3.1	3.2
External migrants	14,640	7,335	7,305	6.2	6.3	6.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	202,390	99,365	103,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	30,550	16,650	13,900	15.1	16.8	13.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	171,835	82,715	89,125	84.9	83.2	86.5
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	134,680	66,645	68,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,695	7,070	4,630	8.7	10.6	6.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	122,985	59,575	63,410	91.3	89.4	93.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	202,385	99,370	103,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	27,625	14,595	13,030	13.6	14.7	12.6
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	63,745	32,210	31,530	31.5	32.4	30.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	111,020	52,555	58,455	54.9	52.9	56.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	55,485	27,560	27,925	27.4	27.7	27.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	17,195	12,485	4,710	8.5	12.6	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	6,845	3,785	3,060	3.4	3.8	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	10,350	8,695	1,655	5.1	8.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	29,790	11,755	18,035	14.7	11.8	17.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,505	3,320	5,180	4.2	3.3	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	55,525	24,995	30,535	27.4	25.2	29.6
Bachelor's degree	39,180	17,235	21,935	19.4	17.3	21.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,780	1,250	1,530	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,400	680	720	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	10,680	4,940	5,740	5.3	5.0	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,490	890	605	0.7	0.9	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	134,675	66,640	68,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,160	5,935	4,220	7.5	8.9	6.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	37,665	19,785	17,875	28.0	29.7	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	86,860	40,920	45,935	64.5	61.4	67.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	40,975	20,730	20,240	30.4	31.1	29.7
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	12,950	9,495	3,460	9.6	14.2	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,040	2,840	2,200	3.7	4.3	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	7,915	6,655	1,260	5.9	10.0	1.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	22,415	8,995	13,420	16.6	13.5	19.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,605	2,245	3,365	4.2	3.4	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	45,880	20,190	25,690	34.1	30.3	37.8
Bachelor's degree	32,030	13,870	18,160	23.8	20.8	26.7
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,250	990	1,255	1.7	1.5	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,200	535	670	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	9,275	4,145	5,130	6.9	6.2	7.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,130	650	480	0.8	1.0	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	202,385	99,365	103,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	91,375	46,805	44,565	45.1	47.1	43.3
Education	8,965	2,325	6,645	4.4	2.3	6.5
13. Education	8,965	2,325	6,645	4.4	2.3	6.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,730	1,225	1,505	1.3	1.2	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	375	260	115	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,355	965	1,390	1.2	1.0	1.3
Humanities	4,905	1,955	2,955	2.4	2.0	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	385	100	280	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,170	355	810	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,310	435	875	0.6	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	95	20	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	400	190	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	795	475	325	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	650	360	290	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	95	15	85	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	10,060	3,795	6,265	5.0	3.8	6.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	185	45	145	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,185	535	650	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,410	105	1,310	0.7	0.1	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,510	720	790	0.7	0.7	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	2,165	595	1,565	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	3,415	1,715	1,705	1.7	1.7	1.7
Business, management and public administration	27,565	10,575	16,990	13.6	10.6	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,455	685	1,765	1.2	0.7	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	25,080	9,880	15,195	12.4	9.9	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,335	1,590	1,745	1.6	1.6	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,315	570	745	0.6	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	730	305	430	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	1,035	645	390	0.5	0.6	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	210	60	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,715	3,760	1,950	2.8	3.8	1.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,845	3,390	1,455	2.4	3.4	1.4
25. Library science	225	40	180	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	570	290	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	80	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	22,510	20,375	2,140	11.1	20.5	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	585	375	205	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	5,525	4,435	1,095	2.7	4.5	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	4,570	4,110	455	2.3	4.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	5,660	5,515	150	2.8	5.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,840	3,780	65	1.9	3.8	0.1
48. Precision production	2,325	2,160	165	1.1	2.2	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	2,105	1,310	795	1.0	1.3	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,650	1,000	645	0.8	1.0	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	460	315	145	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	17,615	3,345	14,270	8.7	3.4	13.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,295	630	665	0.6	0.6	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	15,870	2,485	13,390	7.8	2.5	13.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	415	220	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	5,510	2,305	3,200	2.7	2.3	3.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	3,460	725	2,735	1.7	0.7	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,295	885	410	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	730	680	55	0.4	0.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	134,680	66,645	68,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	47,815	25,720	22,100	35.5	38.6	32.5
Education	6,065	1,490	4,575	4.5	2.2	6.7
13. Education	6,065	1,490	4,575	4.5	2.2	6.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,215	990	1,225	1.6	1.5	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	275	190	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,935	790	1,145	1.4	1.2	1.7
Humanities	3,650	1,425	2,230	2.7	2.1	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	70	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	905	285	620	0.7	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,045	360	685	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	300	125	175	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	515	315	200	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	485	250	235	0.4	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	70	0	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	8,195	2,960	5,235	6.1	4.4	7.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	170	35	135	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,045	495	550	0.8	0.7	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,175	95	1,070	0.9	0.1	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,195	525	675	0.9	0.8	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	55	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,605	385	1,225	1.2	0.6	1.8
45. Social sciences	2,865	1,365	1,495	2.1	2.0	2.2
Business, management and public administration	22,320	8,445	13,880	16.6	12.7	20.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,005	520	1,490	1.5	0.8	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	20,285	7,920	12,365	15.1	11.9	18.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,670	1,225	1,445	2.0	1.8	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,045	420	630	0.8	0.6	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	575	220	355	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	860	525	335	0.6	0.8	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	155	45	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,805	3,145	1,660	3.6	4.7	2.4
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,170	2,905	1,270	3.1	4.4	1.9
25. Library science	170	30	140	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	395	175	225	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	35	35	0.0	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	17,640	15,785	1,855	13.1	23.7	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	455	265	190	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	4,620	3,650	975	3.4	5.5	1.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,585	3,180	410	2.7	4.8	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,290	4,175	115	3.2	6.3	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,915	2,870	40	2.2	4.3	0.1
48. Precision production	1,775	1,650	125	1.3	2.5	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,630	965	670	1.2	1.4	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,240	700	540	0.9	1.1	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	390	260	130	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	13,310	2,675	10,640	9.9	4.0	15.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	950	465	480	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	11,985	2,025	9,960	8.9	3.0	14.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	355	175	180	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,355	1,830	2,525	3.2	2.7	3.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,725	590	2,135	2.0	0.9	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,035	695	340	0.8	1.0	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	590	540	45	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	134,680	66,645	68,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	47,815	25,720	22,100	35.5	38.6	32.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	86,865	40,925	45,940	64.5	61.4	67.5
Location of study inside Canada	68,180	31,875	36,305	50.6	47.8	53.4
Same as province or territory of residence	56,395	25,945	30,455	41.9	38.9	44.8
Different than province or territory of residence	11,785	5,930	5,855	8.8	8.9	8.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,680	9,050	9,630	13.9	13.6	14.2
Americas	1,975	1,000	970	1.5	1.5	1.4
United States of America	1,490	795	690	1.1	1.2	1.0
Mexico	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	100	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	115	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,970	1,095	875	1.5	1.6	1.3
Belgium	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	90	60	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	45	35	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	445	210	235	0.3	0.3	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	620	400	225	0.5	0.6	0.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	280	130	155	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	1,695	850	840	1.3	1.3	1.2
Nigeria	925	470	455	0.7	0.7	0.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	130	55	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	140	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	475	230	240	0.4	0.3	0.4
Asia	12,830	5,975	6,850	9.5	9.0	10.1
Iran⁸⁸	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,155	525	630	0.9	0.8	0.9
Taiwan	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	170	60	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	4,290	1,885	2,405	3.2	2.8	3.5
Viet Nam	340	160	180	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bangladesh	575	265	305	0.4	0.4	0.4
Sri Lanka	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,525	2,240	2,285	3.4	3.4	3.4
Pakistan	995	475	525	0.7	0.7	0.8
Other locations of study in Asia	300	150	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	215	125	90	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	185	115	70	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	202,385	99,370	103,025	...	...	...
In the labour force	137,195	71,265	65,930	...	...	...
Employed	124,340	64,305	60,035	...	...	...
Unemployed	12,850	6,960	5,890	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	65,195	28,100	37,095	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.8	71.7	64.0	67.8	71.7	64.0
Employment rate	61.4	64.7	58.3	61.4	64.7	58.3
Unemployment rate	9.4	9.8	8.9	9.4	9.8	8.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	202,385	99,365	103,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	66,665	29,540	37,125	32.9	29.7	36.0
Worked	135,725	69,830	65,895	67.1	70.3	64.0
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	77,795	42,250	35,550	38.4	42.5	34.5
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	57,925	27,580	30,345	28.6	27.8	29.5
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.2	42.7	41.6	42.2	42.7	41.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	137,190	71,265	65,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,715	1,990	1,730	2.7	2.8	2.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	133,475	69,280	64,200	97.3	97.2	97.4
Employee	117,815	59,765	58,055	85.9	83.9	88.1
Permanent position	97,980	50,345	47,635	71.4	70.6	72.3
Temporary position	19,835	9,415	10,420	14.5	13.2	15.8
Fixed term (1 year or more)	6,155	2,615	3,545	4.5	3.7	5.4
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	13,675	6,800	6,875	10.0	9.5	10.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	15,660	9,515	6,145	11.4	13.4	9.3
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	137,190	71,265	65,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,715	1,990	1,730	2.7	2.8	2.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	133,475	69,280	64,200	97.3	97.2	97.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,600	985	615	1.2	1.4	0.9
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	25,220	7,950	17,265	18.4	11.2	26.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	10,270	7,840	2,435	7.5	11.0	3.7
3 Health occupations	11,770	2,185	9,580	8.6	3.1	14.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	17,755	6,340	11,420	12.9	8.9	17.3
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	3,070	1,330	1,745	2.2	1.9	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	33,920	15,815	18,105	24.7	22.2	27.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	22,615	20,850	1,765	16.5	29.3	2.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	3,435	2,645	790	2.5	3.7	1.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,810	3,330	480	2.8	4.7	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	137,190	71,265	65,925	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,715	1,990	1,730	2.7	2.8	2.6
All industries¹⁹¹	133,475	69,280	64,200	97.3	97.2	97.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	2,500	1,815	685	1.8	2.5	1.0
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,280	1,080	200	0.9	1.5	0.3
22 Utilities	2,200	1,370	835	1.6	1.9	1.3
23 Construction	9,955	8,655	1,300	7.3	12.1	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	6,175	5,180	990	4.5	7.3	1.5
41 Wholesale trade	4,955	3,775	1,180	3.6	5.3	1.8
44-45 Retail trade	15,315	7,960	7,350	11.2	11.2	11.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,585	4,570	1,015	4.1	6.4	1.5
51 Information and cultural industries	3,350	1,890	1,455	2.4	2.7	2.2
52 Finance and insurance	7,665	3,080	4,585	5.6	4.3	7.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,230	1,255	975	1.6	1.8	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,975	4,465	3,515	5.8	6.3	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	205	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,815	2,845	1,970	3.5	4.0	3.0
61 Educational services	9,610	3,130	6,480	7.0	4.4	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	19,350	3,805	15,545	14.1	5.3	23.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,505	1,300	1,205	1.8	1.8	1.8
72 Accommodation and food services	8,000	3,750	4,245	5.8	5.3	6.4
81 Other services (except public administration)	6,515	2,980	3,535	4.7	4.2	5.4
91 Public administration	13,295	6,270	7,020	9.7	8.8	10.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	144,855	74,585	70,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	139,840	72,215	67,625	96.5	96.8	96.2
French	415	135	280	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	585	285	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	585	285	300	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and French	1,255	450	805	0.9	0.6	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,640	1,440	1,205	1.8	1.9	1.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	144,855	74,585	70,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	144,150	74,235	69,915	99.5	99.5	99.5
Official languages	143,180	73,710	69,465	98.8	98.8	98.8
English	142,425	73,495	68,925	98.3	98.5	98.1
French	760	215	545	0.5	0.3	0.8
Non-official languages	970	520	450	0.7	0.7	0.6
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	965	515	450	0.7	0.7	0.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	240	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	300	220	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese languages	495	285	210	0.3	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	370	215	160	0.3	0.3	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	710	350	360	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	145	60	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	550	290	260	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	144,855	74,585	70,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	141,445	72,915	68,530	97.6	97.8	97.5
English	645	275	370	0.4	0.4	0.5
French	795	320	475	0.5	0.4	0.7
Non-official language	1,520	845	675	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,470	825	645	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	350	185	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	124,340	64,305	60,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	25,880	11,785	14,090	20.8	18.3	23.5
Worked outside Canada	210	160	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	14,125	10,955	3,170	11.4	17.0	5.3
Usual place of work	84,135	41,405	42,730	67.7	64.4	71.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	84,135	41,400	42,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	69,895	33,025	36,870	83.1	79.8	86.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	12,165	7,065	5,100	14.5	17.1	11.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,590	970	625	1.9	2.3	1.5
Commute to a different province or territory	480	345	135	0.6	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	98,255	52,360	45,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	88,995	48,460	40,535	90.6	92.6	88.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	82,610	46,505	36,100	84.1	88.8	78.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	6,385	1,955	4,435	6.5	3.7	9.7
Public transit	3,160	1,225	1,935	3.2	2.3	4.2
Walked	3,570	1,455	2,115	3.6	2.8	4.6
Bicycle	555	380	175	0.6	0.7	0.4
Other method	1,975	835	1,140	2.0	1.6	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	98,255	52,360	45,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	39,020	19,590	19,430	39.7	37.4	42.3
15 to 29 minutes	45,945	24,990	20,960	46.8	47.7	45.7
30 to 44 minutes	8,145	4,655	3,495	8.3	8.9	7.6
45 to 59 minutes	2,740	1,570	1,170	2.8	3.0	2.5
60 minutes and over	2,405	1,555	845	2.4	3.0	1.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	98,255	52,360	45,900	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,780	3,525	1,255	4.9	6.7	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	16,565	10,180	6,385	16.9	19.4	13.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	31,680	16,490	15,190	32.2	31.5	33.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	19,200	8,950	10,250	19.5	17.1	22.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	11,155	4,950	6,200	11.4	9.5	13.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	14,880	8,255	6,620	15.1	15.8	14.4
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	58,220	29,815	28,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,305	2,190	2,120	7.4	7.3	7.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	53,915	27,630	26,280	92.6	92.7	92.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	41,790	21,525	20,265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,285	1,685	1,600	7.9	7.8	7.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,280	1,125	1,160	5.5	5.2	5.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	1,005	565	440	2.4	2.6	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	38,505	19,835	18,665	92.1	92.1	92.1

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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