Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	MissionMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	36,193	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	33,713^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.4	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	12,702	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	12,185	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,328.9	...	...	1,328.9	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	27.23	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	36,190	18,365	17,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,955	3,645	3,310	19.2	19.8	18.6
0 to 4 years	2,110	1,095	1,015	5.8	6.0	5.7
5 to 9 years	2,485	1,300	1,185	6.9	7.1	6.6
10 to 14 years	2,360	1,255	1,110	6.5	6.8	6.2
15 to 64 years	23,680	12,105	11,575	65.4	65.9	64.9
15 to 19 years	2,185	1,215	970	6.0	6.6	5.4
20 to 24 years	1,875	995	880	5.2	5.4	4.9
25 to 29 years	1,975	990	985	5.5	5.4	5.5
30 to 34 years	2,580	1,295	1,280	7.1	7.1	7.2
35 to 39 years	2,835	1,410	1,425	7.8	7.7	8.0
40 to 44 years	2,495	1,290	1,200	6.9	7.0	6.7
45 to 49 years	2,405	1,250	1,150	6.6	6.8	6.5
50 to 54 years	2,330	1,175	1,150	6.4	6.4	6.5
55 to 59 years	2,590	1,305	1,280	7.2	7.1	7.2
60 to 64 years	2,425	1,170	1,255	6.7	6.4	7.0
65 years and over	5,560	2,615	2,945	15.4	14.2	16.5
65 to 69 years	1,940	935	1,010	5.4	5.1	5.7
70 to 74 years	1,535	745	785	4.2	4.1	4.4
75 to 79 years	950	440	515	2.6	2.4	2.9
80 to 84 years	610	280	330	1.7	1.5	1.9
85 years and over	525	225	300	1.5	1.2	1.7
85 to 89 years	340	155	180	0.9	0.8	1.0
90 to 94 years	145	55	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
95 to 99 years	30	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	19.2	19.8	18.6	19.2	19.8	18.6
15 to 64 years	65.4	65.9	64.9	65.4	65.9	64.9
65 years and over	15.4	14.2	16.5	15.4	14.2	16.5
85 years and over	1.5	1.2	1.7	1.5	1.2	1.7
Average age of the population	39.6	38.8	40.5	39.6	38.8	40.5
Median age of the population	39.6	38.8	40.4	39.6	38.8	40.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	12,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,410	...	...	60.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	270	...	...	2.2	...	...
Row house	790	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,470	...	...	20.3	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,110	...	...	9.1	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	85	...	...	0.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.1	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	12,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,455	...	...	20.1	...	...
2 persons	3,725	...	...	30.6	...	...
3 persons	2,055	...	...	16.9	...	...
4 persons	2,025	...	...	16.6	...	...
5 or more persons	1,925	...	...	15.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	35,305	17,725	17,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	29,235	14,720	14,520	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	16,900	8,470	8,435	57.8	57.5	58.1
Married	13,700	6,870	6,830	46.9	46.7	47.0
Living common-law	3,200	1,600	1,600	10.9	10.9	11.0
Living common law - Never married	2,280	1,155	1,125	7.8	7.8	7.7
Living common law - Separated	215	105	110	0.7	0.7	0.8
Living common law - Divorced	655	320	335	2.2	2.2	2.3
Living common law - Widowed	55	20	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	12,335	6,255	6,080	42.2	42.5	41.9
Not married and not living common law - Never married	8,005	4,705	3,305	27.4	32.0	22.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	850	355	495	2.9	2.4	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	2,035	830	1,205	7.0	5.6	8.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,440	360	1,080	4.9	2.4	7.4
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,725	...	...	46.9	...	...
3 persons	2,225	...	...	22.1	...	...
4 persons	2,140	...	...	21.2	...	...
5 or more persons	985	...	...	9.8	...	...
Average size of census families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	8,205	...	...	81.4	...	...
Married couples	6,605	...	...	65.5	...	...
With children⁶	3,830	...	...	38.0	...	...
Without children	2,775	...	...	27.5	...	...
Common-law couples	1,605	...	...	15.9	...	...
With children⁶	775	...	...	7.7	...	...
Without children	825	...	...	8.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,880	...	...	18.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,420	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	455	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	35,305	17,725	17,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	30,010	15,110	14,895	85.0	85.2	84.8
Married spouses or common-law partners	16,410	8,190	8,220	46.5	46.2	46.8
Parents in one-parent families	1,875	460	1,420	5.3	2.6	8.1
Children⁶	11,720	6,465	5,255	33.2	36.5	29.9
In a two-parent family	8,800	4,810	3,990	24.9	27.1	22.7
In a one-parent family	2,920	1,655	1,260	8.3	9.3	7.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,300	2,615	2,685	15.0	14.8	15.3
Living alone	2,455	1,190	1,265	7.0	6.7	7.2
Living with other relatives⁷	1,315	565	750	3.7	3.2	4.3
Living with non-relatives only	1,525	860	670	4.3	4.9	3.8
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	12,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	7,270	...	...	59.7	...	...
Couple-family households	6,085	...	...	49.9	...	...
With children⁶	3,420	...	...	28.1	...	...
Without children	2,665	...	...	21.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,185	...	...	9.7	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	975	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	225	...	...	1.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	780	...	...	6.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	480	...	...	3.9	...	...
One-person households	2,455	...	...	20.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	28,360	14,085	14,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,365	13,565	13,800	96.5	96.3	96.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	50,800	34,000	40,400	50,800	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,395	13,580	13,815	96.6	96.4	96.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	45,200	32,000	37,200	45,200	32,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,740	12,170	11,575	83.7	86.4	81.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,400	49,600	26,400	36,400	49,600	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	20,010	10,480	9,535	70.6	74.4	66.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	52,800	30,000	40,000	52,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	22,805	10,520	12,285	80.4	74.7	86.1
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,000	8,000	11,400	10,000	8,000	11,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	2,855	1,230	1,625	10.1	8.7	11.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,720	5,600	5,400	4,720	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,240	3,365	3,870	25.5	23.9	27.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	28,425	14,230	14,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,465	13,740	13,725	96.6	96.6	96.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,000	57,600	40,360	49,000	57,600	40,360
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,490	13,750	13,740	96.7	96.6	96.8
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,360	48,640	36,040	42,360	48,640	36,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	23,815	12,290	11,530	83.8	86.4	81.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,700	34,880	45,600	55,700	34,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	20,020	10,595	9,430	70.4	74.5	66.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	56,600	36,640	47,200	56,600	36,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,820	10,675	12,145	80.3	75.0	85.6
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,340	10,020	12,510	11,340	10,020	12,510
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	2,880	1,200	1,685	10.1	8.4	11.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,190	5,390	6,760	6,190	5,390	6,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,090	3,345	3,750	24.9	23.5	26.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,760	8,380	9,100	8,760	8,380	9,100
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	28,425	14,230	14,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,930	5,975	3,960	34.9	42.0	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	61,600	70,500	52,000	61,600	70,500	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,400	74,900	55,950	67,400	74,900	55,950
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,645	3,380	4,260	26.9	23.8	30.0
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	18,800	24,000	15,800	18,800	24,000	15,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,960	34,680	22,660	27,960	34,680	22,660
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	80.8	86.4	72.6	80.8	86.4	72.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	70.2	75.8	62.3	70.2	75.8	62.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	19.2	13.5	27.5	19.2	13.5	27.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.8	2.1	1.3	0.8	2.1
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	4.4	8.1	5.9	4.4	8.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.6	3.5	6.2	4.6	3.5	6.2
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	28,360	14,085	14,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	1,000	520	475	3.5	3.7	3.3
With total income	27,360	13,560	13,800	96.5	96.3	96.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,525	1,025	1,495	9.2	7.6	10.8
$10,000 to $19,999	3,395	1,385	2,010	12.4	10.2	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	4,165	1,700	2,465	15.2	12.5	17.9
$30,000 to $39,999	3,435	1,335	2,100	12.6	9.8	15.2
$40,000 to $49,999	2,895	1,245	1,645	10.6	9.2	11.9
$50,000 to $59,999	2,530	1,190	1,335	9.2	8.8	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	2,135	1,255	885	7.8	9.3	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	1,675	1,075	600	6.1	7.9	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,305	880	425	4.8	6.5	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	945	650	295	3.5	4.8	2.1
$100,000 and over	2,360	1,820	540	8.6	13.4	3.9
$100,000 to $149,999	1,855	1,410	445	6.8	10.4	3.2
$150,000 and over	505	415	90	1.8	3.1	0.7
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	28,360	14,085	14,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	960	505	460	3.4	3.6	3.2
With after-tax income	27,400	13,585	13,820	96.6	96.5	96.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,625	1,070	1,560	9.6	7.9	11.3
$10,000 to $19,999	3,470	1,425	2,040	12.7	10.5	14.8
$20,000 to $29,999	4,685	1,895	2,790	17.1	13.9	20.2
$30,000 to $39,999	3,940	1,590	2,350	14.4	11.7	17.0
$40,000 to $49,999	3,410	1,570	1,845	12.4	11.6	13.4
$50,000 to $59,999	2,945	1,660	1,290	10.7	12.2	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	2,105	1,340	765	7.7	9.9	5.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,545	1,020	520	5.6	7.5	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	990	705	280	3.6	5.2	2.0
$90,000 to $99,999	645	495	150	2.4	3.6	1.1
$100,000 and over	1,035	805	230	3.8	5.9	1.7
$100,000 to $124,999	660	510	155	2.4	3.8	1.1
$125,000 and over	370	300	75	1.4	2.2	0.5
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	28,360	14,085	14,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	8,350	3,610	4,740	29.4	25.6	33.2
With employment income	20,010	10,475	9,535	70.6	74.4	66.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	2,525	1,070	1,460	12.6	10.2	15.3
$5,000 to $9,999	1,460	595	865	7.3	5.7	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	2,270	920	1,345	11.3	8.8	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	1,900	795	1,100	9.5	7.6	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	1,850	785	1,060	9.2	7.5	11.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,765	800	965	8.8	7.6	10.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,730	915	815	8.6	8.7	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,535	930	600	7.7	8.9	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,245	830	415	6.2	7.9	4.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,080	780	305	5.4	7.4	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	780	560	220	3.9	5.3	2.3
$100,000 and over	1,870	1,495	380	9.3	14.3	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	1,050	810	235	5.2	7.7	2.5
$125,000 and over	825	680	140	4.1	6.5	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	28,360	14,085	14,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,600	13,155	13,440	93.8	93.4	94.2
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	50,400	30,600	38,400	50,400	30,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	26,670	13,170	13,500	94.0	93.5	94.6
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,800	44,000	28,400	34,800	44,000	28,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,540	12,010	11,530	83.0	85.3	80.8
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	50,400	28,000	37,200	50,400	28,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	20,490	10,665	9,825	72.2	75.7	68.8
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,200	52,400	29,600	39,200	52,400	29,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,210	7,555	10,650	64.2	53.6	74.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,400	6,000	7,850	7,400	6,000	7,850
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,345	975	1,375	8.3	6.9	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	4,920	6,080	5,520	4,920	6,080
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	28,425	14,230	14,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,615	13,220	13,390	93.6	92.9	94.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,520	56,500	36,640	46,520	56,500	36,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	26,690	13,240	13,445	93.9	93.0	94.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,640	47,000	32,360	39,640	47,000	32,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,490	12,050	11,440	82.6	84.7	80.6
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,680	56,550	34,200	45,680	56,550	34,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	20,460	10,720	9,740	72.0	75.3	68.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,240	56,700	34,720	46,240	56,700	34,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,970	7,440	10,530	63.2	52.3	74.2
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,190	8,820	9,460	9,190	8,820	9,460
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,320	965	1,360	8.2	6.8	9.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,410	7,970	6,910	5,410	7,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	28,425	14,230	14,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,885	5,925	3,955	34.8	41.6	27.9
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	58,800	68,000	48,000	58,800	68,000	48,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,600	72,000	51,000	63,600	72,000	51,000
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	7,160	3,130	4,030	25.2	22.0	28.4
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	32,000	19,000	24,000	32,000	19,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	33,760	43,560	26,160	33,760	43,560	26,160
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	86.6	91.2	79.8	86.6	91.2	79.8
Employment income (%)	76.4	81.4	69.0	76.4	81.4	69.0
Government transfers (%)	13.4	8.8	20.3	13.4	8.8	20.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	0.7	2.2	1.3	0.7	2.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	12,185	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,455	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	39,600	...	...	39,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,400	...	...	36,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	9,730	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,000	...	...	101,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	12,170	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	110,500	...	...	110,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,600	...	...	95,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	49,120	...	...	49,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,960	...	...	41,960	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	9,750	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	125,800	...	...	125,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,900	...	...	108,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	12,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	80	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	420	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	280	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	330	...	...	2.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	365	...	...	3.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	390	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	345	...	...	2.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	735	...	...	6.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	755	...	...	6.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	745	...	...	6.1	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	750	...	...	6.2	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	720	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,935	...	...	48.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,620	...	...	13.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,355	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,695	...	...	13.9	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,265	...	...	10.4	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	12,185	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	225	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	435	...	...	3.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	330	...	...	2.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	375	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	380	...	...	3.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	460	...	...	3.8	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	420	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	900	...	...	7.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	875	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	925	...	...	7.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	855	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	825	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,975	...	...	40.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,800	...	...	14.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,280	...	...	10.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,895	...	...	15.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	9,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	113,000	...	...	113,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,825	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,000	...	...	120,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,610	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,985	2,055	1,930	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,400	41,200	33,600	36,400	41,200	33,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,400	37,200	32,000	34,400	37,200	32,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	9,435	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,900	...	...	122,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,815	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,300	...	...	87,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	149,200	...	...	149,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	128,600	...	...	128,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,615	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,000	...	...	79,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,995	2,070	1,930	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,560	50,920	41,880	46,560	50,920	41,880
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,280	43,000	37,400	40,280	43,000	37,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	35,305	17,730	17,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,315	4,375	3,940	23.6	24.7	22.4
0 to 5 years	2,610	1,385	1,230	7.4	7.8	7.0
18 to 64 years	21,765	10,890	10,875	61.6	61.4	61.9
65 years and over	5,225	2,460	2,765	14.8	13.9	15.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	2,880	1,350	1,530	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	825	440	385	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	225	125	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,390	660	735	...	...	...
65 years and over	665	250	410	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.2	7.6	8.7	8.2	7.6	8.7
0 to 17 years (%)	9.9	10.1	9.8	9.9	10.1	9.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.5	9.0	8.0	8.5	9.0	8.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.4	6.0	6.8	6.4	6.0	6.8
65 years and over (%)	12.7	10.2	14.9	12.7	10.2	14.9
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	35,305	17,725	17,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	8,315	4,380	3,940	23.6	24.7	22.4
0 to 5 years	2,615	1,385	1,225	7.4	7.8	7.0
18 to 64 years	21,765	10,885	10,875	61.6	61.4	61.9
65 years and over	5,225	2,460	2,765	14.8	13.9	15.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,130	590	545	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	315	170	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	80	40	35	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	705	370	335	...	...	...
65 years and over	110	45	60	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.2	3.3	3.1	3.2	3.3	3.1
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.9	3.7	3.8	3.9	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	2.9	2.9	3.0	2.9	2.9	3.0
18 to 64 years (%)	3.2	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.4	3.1
65 years and over (%)	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	35,305	17,730	17,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	15,770	7,625	8,140	44.7	43.0	46.3
In bottom decile	2,955	1,405	1,555	8.4	7.9	8.8
In second decile	2,710	1,280	1,435	7.7	7.2	8.2
In third decile	3,040	1,450	1,585	8.6	8.2	9.0
In fourth decile	3,465	1,700	1,765	9.8	9.6	10.0
In fifth decile	3,595	1,800	1,800	10.2	10.2	10.2
In top half of the distribution	19,540	10,100	9,445	55.3	57.0	53.7
In sixth decile	4,255	2,165	2,090	12.1	12.2	11.9
In seventh decile	4,105	2,125	1,980	11.6	12.0	11.3
In eighth decile	4,240	2,200	2,040	12.0	12.4	11.6
In ninth decile	4,230	2,160	2,070	12.0	12.2	11.8
In top decile	2,705	1,445	1,260	7.7	8.2	7.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	35,305	...	...	35,305	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.379	...	...	0.379	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.249	...	...	0.249	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.3	...	...	3.3	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	35,705	17,915	17,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	33,045	16,765	16,280	92.6	93.6	91.5
French only	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,805	780	1,025	5.1	4.4	5.8
Neither English nor French	845	365	480	2.4	2.0	2.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	35,705	17,915	17,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	34,525	17,380	17,140	96.7	97.0	96.4
French	280	145	135	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and French	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	835	365	470	2.3	2.0	2.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	35,705	17,915	17,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	34,905	17,540	17,365	97.8	97.9	97.6
Official languages	29,290	14,855	14,435	82.0	82.9	81.2
English	28,980	14,700	14,280	81.2	82.1	80.3
French	315	155	155	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	5,610	2,680	2,930	15.7	15.0	16.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,600	2,680	2,925	15.7	15.0	16.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	80	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	240	80	155	0.7	0.4	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	205	65	135	0.6	0.4	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	85	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tamil	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	4,585	2,230	2,355	12.8	12.4	13.2
Albanian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	380	160	220	1.1	0.9	1.2
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	370	155	210	1.0	0.9	1.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	100	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	125	45	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Croatian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Serbian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	480	215	265	1.3	1.2	1.5
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	290	135	155	0.8	0.8	0.9
German	270	125	145	0.8	0.7	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	155	65	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Afrikaans	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	110	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,155	1,595	1,565	8.8	8.9	8.8
Indo-Aryan languages	3,085	1,555	1,530	8.6	8.7	8.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	90	45	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,905	1,465	1,435	8.1	8.2	8.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	510	230	280	1.4	1.3	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Romanian	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Spanish	270	120	150	0.8	0.7	0.8
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	60	95	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese languages	140	55	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	30	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	80	50	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	55	35	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	800	380	420	2.2	2.1	2.4
English and French	110	55	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	635	295	335	1.8	1.6	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	35,705	17,915	17,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	29,700	15,000	14,700	83.2	83.7	82.7
French	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	2,085	1,035	1,055	5.8	5.8	5.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,085	1,035	1,050	5.8	5.8	5.9
English and French	230	115	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	3,465	1,670	1,800	9.7	9.3	10.1
French and non-official language(s)	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	35,705	17,915	17,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	34,880	17,500	17,380	97.7	97.7	97.7
Official languages	31,440	15,805	15,635	88.1	88.2	87.9
English	31,395	15,785	15,605	87.9	88.1	87.7
French	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official languages	3,445	1,695	1,745	9.6	9.5	9.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,445	1,695	1,745	9.6	9.5	9.8
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	55	25	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	90	40	45	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	85	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,920	1,445	1,475	8.2	8.1	8.3
Albanian	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	145	70	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	135	65	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,490	1,240	1,245	7.0	6.9	7.0
Indo-Aryan languages	2,455	1,230	1,230	6.9	6.9	6.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,360	1,185	1,175	6.6	6.6	6.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	200	95	105	0.6	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	65	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Spanish	125	55	65	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	80	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese languages	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	820	410	405	2.3	2.3	2.3
English and French	35	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	775	385	385	2.2	2.1	2.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	35,700	17,915	17,785	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	32,525	16,405	16,120	91.1	91.6	90.6
English	1,135	555	580	3.2	3.1	3.3
French	215	110	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	1,525	720	805	4.3	4.0	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,510	715	800	4.2	4.0	4.5
English and French	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	140	70	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	40	65	0.3	0.2	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	35,350	17,870	17,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	34,555	17,555	17,005	97.8	98.2	97.2
English	34,550	17,550	17,000	97.7	98.2	97.2
French	1,760	735	1,025	5.0	4.1	5.9
Non-official languages	7,250	3,485	3,765	20.5	19.5	21.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	7,235	3,475	3,755	20.5	19.4	21.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	130	70	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	65	55	0.4	0.4	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	225	115	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	205	100	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	345	140	205	1.0	0.8	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	290	115	175	0.8	0.6	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	155	80	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	130	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indo-European languages	5,765	2,825	2,940	16.3	15.8	16.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	415	185	235	1.2	1.0	1.3
Baltic languages	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages	405	175	230	1.1	1.0	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	130	55	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	140	55	90	0.4	0.3	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ukrainian	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	640	280	360	1.8	1.6	2.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	410	180	230	1.2	1.0	1.3
German	405	175	230	1.1	1.0	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	190	90	100	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	40	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	130	55	70	0.4	0.3	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	45	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Danish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,840	1,940	1,900	10.9	10.9	10.9
Indo-Aryan languages	3,750	1,885	1,865	10.6	10.5	10.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	670	310	355	1.9	1.7	2.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,525	1,785	1,745	10.0	10.0	10.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	85	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	85	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	55	30	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian Persian	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	930	450	485	2.6	2.5	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	95	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	140	75	60	0.4	0.4	0.3
Spanish	610	280	330	1.7	1.6	1.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	110	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.4
Korean	120	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	65	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igbo	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	35	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	60	0	60	0.2	0.0	0.3
American Sign Language	50	0	50	0.1	0.0	0.3
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	260	110	150	0.7	0.6	0.9
Chinese languages	260	110	150	0.7	0.6	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	185	65	125	0.5	0.4	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	135	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Thai	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	120	80	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	40	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	75	55	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	35,350	17,870	17,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,000	1,500	1,505	8.5	8.4	8.6
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,915	1,465	1,455	8.2	8.2	8.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,680	800	880	4.8	4.5	5.0
Métis	1,225	650	570	3.5	3.6	3.3
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	32,350	16,365	15,980	91.5	91.6	91.4
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	35,350	17,870	17,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	900	430	465	2.5	2.4	2.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	34,455	17,435	17,020	97.5	97.6	97.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	9,230	...	...	75.8	...	...
Renter	2,940	...	...	24.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,025	...	...	8.4	...	...
Not condominium	11,150	...	...	91.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	70	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	920	...	...	7.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	2,065	...	...	17.0	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,680	...	...	30.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	5,430	...	...	44.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,375	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 rooms	1,475	...	...	12.1	...	...
6 rooms	1,625	...	...	13.4	...	...
7 rooms	1,530	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,170	...	...	42.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	7.1	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	11,930	...	...	98.0	...	...
More than one person per room	245	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	11,605	...	...	95.4	...	...
Not suitable	565	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,270	...	...	10.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,800	...	...	31.2	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,770	...	...	14.5	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,125	...	...	17.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	985	...	...	8.1	...	...
2006 to 2010	855	...	...	7.0	...	...
2011 to 2015	555	...	...	4.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	810	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	11,435	...	...	94.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	740	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,175	...	...	42.5	...	...
Two-maintainer household	5,695	...	...	46.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	1,305	...	...	10.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	185	...	...	1.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,475	...	...	12.1	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,445	...	...	20.1	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,570	...	...	21.1	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,630	...	...	21.6	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,790	...	...	14.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	845	...	...	6.9	...	...
85 years and over	230	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	12,130	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	9,350	...	...	77.1	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,785	...	...	23.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	2,520	...	...	20.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	12,170	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,740	...	...	30.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	2,475	...	...	20.3	...	...
Not suitable only	430	...	...	3.5	...	...
Major repairs needed only	490	...	...	4.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	90	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	200	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	40	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	8,435	...	...	69.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	11,870	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,075	...	...	9.1	...	...
Not in core need	10,795	...	...	90.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	9,220	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	70.5	...	...	70.5	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	19.9	...	...	19.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.1	...	...	5.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...	1,840	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,858	...	...	1,858	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	800,000	...	...	800,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	857,000	...	...	857,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,940	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	32.5	...	...	32.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.9	...	...	21.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,160	...	...	1,160	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,320	...	...	1,320	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	35,355	17,865	17,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	785	395	390	2.2	2.2	2.2
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	745	370	380	2.1	2.1	2.2
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	585	290	300	1.7	1.6	1.7
Métis single ancestry	165	85	75	0.5	0.5	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,565	1,250	1,310	7.3	7.0	7.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,480	1,210	1,270	7.0	6.8	7.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,680	800	880	4.8	4.5	5.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	790	395	395	2.2	2.2	2.3
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	32,010	16,220	15,785	90.5	90.8	90.3
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	35,355	17,865	17,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	33,340	16,840	16,495	94.3	94.3	94.3
Canadian citizens aged under 18	8,165	4,285	3,885	23.1	24.0	22.2
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	25,170	12,560	12,615	71.2	70.3	72.1
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,010	1,025	985	5.7	5.7	5.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	35,355	17,865	17,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	28,875	14,690	14,185	81.7	82.2	81.1
Immigrants⁸¹	6,155	3,005	3,150	17.4	16.8	18.0
Before 1980	1,375	710	670	3.9	4.0	3.8
1980 to 1990	870	400	465	2.5	2.2	2.7
1991 to 2000	1,050	465	585	3.0	2.6	3.3
2001 to 2010	1,485	755	730	4.2	4.2	4.2
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,380	670	705	3.9	3.8	4.0
2011 to 2015	700	335	365	2.0	1.9	2.1
2016 to 2021	675	335	345	1.9	1.9	2.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	320	175	150	0.9	1.0	0.9
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,155	3,005	3,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	570	300	265	9.3	10.0	8.4
5 to 14 years	1,050	555	495	17.1	18.5	15.7
15 to 24 years	1,365	640	725	22.2	21.3	23.0
25 to 44 years	2,420	1,175	1,240	39.3	39.1	39.4
45 years and over	760	330	430	12.3	11.0	13.7
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,155	3,005	3,150	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	655	340	315	10.6	11.3	10.0
Brazil	15	15	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Colombia	20	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.5
El Salvador	80	50	30	1.3	1.7	1.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Mexico	60	35	25	1.0	1.2	0.8
Peru	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	55	25	35	0.9	0.8	1.1
United States of America	265	150	110	4.3	5.0	3.5
Other places of birth in Americas	120	40	80	1.9	1.3	2.5
Europe	1,935	965	965	31.4	32.1	30.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	25	15	15	0.4	0.5	0.5
France	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Germany	225	100	125	3.7	3.3	4.0
Greece	35	30	0	0.6	1.0	0.0
Hungary	35	25	10	0.6	0.8	0.3
Italy	30	10	20	0.5	0.3	0.6
Netherlands	135	75	60	2.2	2.5	1.9
Poland	95	45	50	1.5	1.5	1.6
Portugal	55	30	25	0.9	1.0	0.8
Romania	105	65	40	1.7	2.2	1.3
Russian Federation	35	10	25	0.6	0.3	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	15	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.3
Ukraine	35	20	20	0.6	0.7	0.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	845	420	420	13.7	14.0	13.3
Other places of birth in Europe	240	115	125	3.9	3.8	4.0
Africa	205	95	110	3.3	3.2	3.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	20	10	0.5	0.7	0.3
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	40	40	1.3	1.3	1.3
Other places of birth in Africa	90	35	55	1.5	1.2	1.7
Asia	3,225	1,525	1,695	52.4	50.7	53.8
Afghanistan	40	20	20	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	40	30	15	0.6	1.0	0.5
Iraq	30	15	15	0.5	0.5	0.5
Lebanon	35	30	10	0.6	1.0	0.3
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	15	10	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
China⁹⁰	100	30	65	1.6	1.0	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	85	35	50	1.4	1.2	1.6
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	330	135	195	5.4	4.5	6.2
Viet Nam	130	50	80	2.1	1.7	2.5
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	2,125	1,030	1,100	34.5	34.3	34.9
Pakistan	35	20	15	0.6	0.7	0.5
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	225	105	120	3.7	3.5	3.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	80	70	2.4	2.7	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	675	335	340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	30	40	9.6	9.0	11.8
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.9
United States of America	50	25	20	7.4	7.5	5.9
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	85	40	45	12.6	11.9	13.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	10	10	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	1.5	0.0	2.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	10	10	0	1.5	3.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	45	15	30	6.7	4.5	8.8
Africa	35	15	20	5.2	4.5	5.9
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	10	15	3.0	3.0	4.4
Asia	465	230	235	68.9	68.7	69.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	3.0	3.0	2.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	345	190	155	51.1	56.7	45.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	1.5	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	20	5.2	4.5	5.9
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	30	0	20	4.4	0.0	5.9
Other places of birth in Asia	15	10	10	2.2	3.0	2.9
Oceania and other⁹³	25	20	0	3.7	6.0	0.0
Australia	15	15	0	2.2	4.5	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	0	0	1.5	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	35,350	17,870	17,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	6,740	3,305	3,435	19.1	18.5	19.6
Second generation¹⁰¹	7,120	3,560	3,560	20.1	19.9	20.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	21,495	11,005	10,490	60.8	61.6	60.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	4,780	2,300	2,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,890	900	985	39.5	39.1	39.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	750	425	320	15.7	18.5	12.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,140	470	670	23.8	20.4	26.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,550	1,220	1,325	53.3	53.0	53.2
Refugees¹⁰⁸	320	165	155	6.7	7.2	6.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.6
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	4,780	2,300	2,490	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	90	50	40	1.9	2.2	1.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	540	260	275	11.3	11.3	11.0
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	55	35	30	1.2	1.5	1.2
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	170	65	105	3.6	2.8	4.2
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	45	10	35	0.9	0.4	1.4
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,875	1,875	2,005	81.1	81.5	80.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	35,350	17,870	17,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,945	3,415	3,535	19.6	19.1	20.2
South Asian	4,245	2,165	2,080	12.0	12.1	11.9
Chinese	380	160	215	1.1	0.9	1.2
Black	280	115	165	0.8	0.6	0.9
Filipino	465	200	270	1.3	1.1	1.5
Arab	125	70	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Latin American	310	160	150	0.9	0.9	0.9
Southeast Asian	505	235	265	1.4	1.3	1.5
West Asian	110	70	40	0.3	0.4	0.2
Korean	130	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	145	75	75	0.4	0.4	0.4
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	215	85	125	0.6	0.5	0.7
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	28,405	14,450	13,955	80.4	80.9	79.8
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	35,350	17,865	17,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,680	2,460	2,215	13.2	13.8	12.7
English	9,260	4,605	4,655	26.2	25.8	26.6
Irish	5,760	2,770	2,990	16.3	15.5	17.1
Scottish	6,775	3,390	3,385	19.2	19.0	19.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,990	1,400	1,595	8.5	7.8	9.1
German	4,815	2,355	2,460	13.6	13.2	14.1
Chinese	515	240	275	1.5	1.3	1.6
Italian	1,375	735	645	3.9	4.1	3.7
Indian (India)	2,790	1,395	1,395	7.9	7.8	8.0
Ukrainian	1,835	855	980	5.2	4.8	5.6
Dutch	2,120	1,140	985	6.0	6.4	5.6
Polish	1,195	580	615	3.4	3.2	3.5
Québécois	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,575	775	795	4.5	4.3	4.5
Filipino	400	160	240	1.1	0.9	1.4
French Canadian	390	190	200	1.1	1.1	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	845	430	410	2.4	2.4	2.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,210	595	610	3.4	3.3	3.5
Métis	1,070	545	530	3.0	3.1	3.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	875	430	445	2.5	2.4	2.5
Russian	1,065	495	565	3.0	2.8	3.2
Norwegian	1,480	765	715	4.2	4.3	4.1
Welsh	940	400	535	2.7	2.2	3.1
Portuguese	290	125	160	0.8	0.7	0.9
American	430	225	205	1.2	1.3	1.2
Spanish	280	120	160	0.8	0.7	0.9
Swedish	850	450	395	2.4	2.5	2.3
Hungarian	505	295	210	1.4	1.7	1.2
Acadian	60	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	70	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Jewish	130	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Punjabi	930	465	470	2.6	2.6	2.7
Vietnamese	270	135	135	0.8	0.8	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	190	100	90	0.5	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	145	80	65	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	265	135	130	0.7	0.8	0.7
Korean	120	50	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Romanian	290	150	140	0.8	0.8	0.8
Lebanese	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	55	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Danish	430	195	235	1.2	1.1	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	370	185	185	1.0	1.0	1.1
Sikh	520	265	250	1.5	1.5	1.4
Austrian	325	150	175	0.9	0.8	1.0
Belgian	120	45	80	0.3	0.3	0.5
Haitian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindu	100	45	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mexican	140	85	55	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mennonite	200	75	120	0.6	0.4	0.7
Swiss	225	105	125	0.6	0.6	0.7
Finnish	405	245	165	1.1	1.4	0.9
Sri Lankan	50	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	130	75	50	0.4	0.4	0.3
Japanese	200	95	105	0.6	0.5	0.6
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	80	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	345	175	165	1.0	1.0	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	265	155	115	0.7	0.9	0.7
Colombian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	165	70	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	35	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	70	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Turkish	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	65	45	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
Nigerian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	90	55	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	65	35	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	60	35	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Lithuanian	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	60	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Australian	130	55	75	0.4	0.3	0.4
Palestinian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chilean	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	45	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Peruvian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	60	25	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	135	65	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Laotian	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ilocano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	60	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
British Columbian	280	135	140	0.8	0.8	0.8
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	75	20	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Jatt	170	80	90	0.5	0.4	0.5
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Byelorussian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	45	40	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	80	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.4
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	35,350	17,870	17,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	195	85	110	0.6	0.5	0.6
Christian	11,040	5,045	6,005	31.2	28.2	34.3
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,775	1,820	1,960	10.7	10.2	11.2
Anabaptist	355	170	180	1.0	1.0	1.0
Anglican	735	295	445	2.1	1.7	2.5
Baptist	285	150	135	0.8	0.8	0.8
Catholic	2,745	1,250	1,485	7.8	7.0	8.5
Christian Orthodox	215	100	110	0.6	0.6	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	355	160	195	1.0	0.9	1.1
Latter Day Saints	145	60	85	0.4	0.3	0.5
Lutheran	320	165	155	0.9	0.9	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	410	185	225	1.2	1.0	1.3
Presbyterian	290	105	185	0.8	0.6	1.1
Reformed	85	30	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Church	610	255	360	1.7	1.4	2.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	680	285	400	1.9	1.6	2.3
Hindu	365	180	175	1.0	1.0	1.0
Jewish	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	255	135	120	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	3,205	1,610	1,605	9.1	9.0	9.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other religions and spiritual traditions	235	115	125	0.7	0.6	0.7
No religion and secular perspectives	19,980	10,665	9,320	56.5	59.7	53.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	35,030	17,690	17,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	30,845	15,595	15,250	88.1	88.2	87.9
Movers	4,185	2,090	2,095	11.9	11.8	12.1
Non-migrants	1,940	965	970	5.5	5.5	5.6
Migrants	2,245	1,120	1,120	6.4	6.3	6.5
Internal migrants	2,130	1,065	1,060	6.1	6.0	6.1
Intraprovincial migrants	1,960	970	990	5.6	5.5	5.7
Interprovincial migrants	170	95	75	0.5	0.5	0.4
External migrants	120	60	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	33,325	16,750	16,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	18,645	9,320	9,325	55.9	55.6	56.2
Movers	14,685	7,430	7,255	44.1	44.4	43.8
Non-migrants	5,215	2,605	2,605	15.6	15.6	15.7
Migrants	9,465	4,825	4,645	28.4	28.8	28.0
Internal migrants	8,885	4,505	4,375	26.7	26.9	26.4
Intraprovincial migrants	8,080	4,080	4,000	24.2	24.4	24.1
Interprovincial migrants	805	425	380	2.4	2.5	2.3
External migrants	585	315	270	1.8	1.9	1.6
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,425	14,230	14,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,990	3,350	2,640	21.1	23.5	18.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	22,430	10,880	11,555	78.9	76.5	81.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,140	9,480	9,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,805	1,680	1,120	14.7	17.7	11.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,345	7,795	8,545	85.4	82.2	88.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	28,420	14,235	14,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,165	2,835	2,325	18.2	19.9	16.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	9,955	5,065	4,890	35.0	35.6	34.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	13,310	6,330	6,980	46.8	44.5	49.2
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	9,490	4,740	4,750	33.4	33.3	33.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,005	2,350	655	10.6	16.5	4.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,235	775	460	4.3	5.4	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,770	1,575	195	6.2	11.1	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,410	1,955	3,450	19.0	13.7	24.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,080	435	645	3.8	3.1	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,820	1,595	2,230	13.4	11.2	15.7
Bachelor's degree	2,540	1,090	1,460	8.9	7.7	10.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	345	120	230	1.2	0.8	1.6
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Master's degree	780	325	455	2.7	2.3	3.2
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	90	30	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,145	9,475	9,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,230	1,325	910	11.6	14.0	9.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,560	3,390	3,165	34.3	35.8	32.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,350	4,765	5,590	54.1	50.3	57.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,305	3,560	3,750	38.2	37.6	38.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,230	1,775	460	11.6	18.7	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	890	570	315	4.6	6.0	3.3
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,340	1,205	140	7.0	12.7	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,240	1,465	2,780	22.1	15.5	28.8
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	840	325	515	4.4	3.4	5.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,040	1,200	1,840	15.9	12.7	19.0
Bachelor's degree	2,055	835	1,220	10.7	8.8	12.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	270	85	185	1.4	0.9	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	625	240	380	3.3	2.5	3.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	28,425	14,230	14,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,115	7,900	7,215	53.2	55.5	50.8
Education	965	235	730	3.4	1.7	5.1
13. Education	965	235	730	3.4	1.7	5.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	425	240	190	1.5	1.7	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	80	75	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	350	160	185	1.2	1.1	1.3
Humanities	755	285	465	2.7	2.0	3.3
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	20	60	0.3	0.1	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	140	15	120	0.5	0.1	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	260	115	145	0.9	0.8	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	40	35	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	90	75	20	0.3	0.5	0.1
54. History	105	25	80	0.4	0.2	0.6
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,315	320	990	4.6	2.2	7.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	35	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	355	25	330	1.2	0.2	2.3
22. Legal professions and studies	275	55	220	1.0	0.4	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	215	65	145	0.8	0.5	1.0
45. Social sciences	415	165	250	1.5	1.2	1.8
Business, management and public administration	2,375	810	1,575	8.4	5.7	11.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	195	60	135	0.7	0.4	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,170	735	1,435	7.6	5.2	10.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	260	130	135	0.9	0.9	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	105	55	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	70	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	420	260	155	1.5	1.8	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	355	240	115	1.2	1.7	0.8
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,230	3,040	190	11.4	21.4	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	35	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	220	180	45	0.8	1.3	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	560	500	60	2.0	3.5	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,085	1,060	25	3.8	7.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	765	750	20	2.7	5.3	0.1
48. Precision production	550	520	25	1.9	3.7	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	320	150	170	1.1	1.1	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	240	90	150	0.8	0.6	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	85	60	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	2,145	350	1,795	7.5	2.5	12.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	115	50	65	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,015	285	1,730	7.1	2.0	12.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,095	520	580	3.9	3.7	4.1
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	650	165	485	2.3	1.2	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	170	115	55	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	270	240	40	0.9	1.7	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,145	9,480	9,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,790	4,715	4,075	45.9	49.7	42.2
Education	735	170	560	3.8	1.8	5.8
13. Education	735	170	560	3.8	1.8	5.8
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	320	170	155	1.7	1.8	1.6
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	55	50	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	265	115	150	1.4	1.2	1.6
Humanities	590	220	370	3.1	2.3	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
23. English language and literature/letters	100	15	90	0.5	0.2	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	195	75	120	1.0	0.8	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	35	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	70	55	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
54. History	95	15	80	0.5	0.2	0.8
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,090	230	865	5.7	2.4	8.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	295	15	280	1.5	0.2	2.9
22. Legal professions and studies	240	35	210	1.3	0.4	2.2
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
42. Psychology	175	50	125	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	330	120	215	1.7	1.3	2.2
Business, management and public administration	1,870	605	1,265	9.8	6.4	13.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	155	50	105	0.8	0.5	1.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,710	555	1,160	8.9	5.9	12.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	185	90	100	1.0	0.9	1.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	80	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	360	230	125	1.9	2.4	1.3
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	320	220	100	1.7	2.3	1.0
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,445	2,290	160	12.8	24.2	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	175	130	45	0.9	1.4	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	435	385	50	2.3	4.1	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	835	820	20	4.4	8.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	530	515	15	2.8	5.4	0.2
48. Precision production	430	405	20	2.2	4.3	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	220	90	130	1.1	0.9	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	175	60	110	0.9	0.6	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Health and related fields	1,680	285	1,400	8.8	3.0	14.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	35	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,590	245	1,345	8.3	2.6	13.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	840	390	455	4.4	4.1	4.7
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	490	105	380	2.6	1.1	3.9
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	120	80	45	0.6	0.8	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	230	195	30	1.2	2.1	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	19,145	9,480	9,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,790	4,715	4,075	45.9	49.7	42.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,350	4,760	5,590	54.1	50.2	57.8
Location of study inside Canada	8,870	4,085	4,790	46.3	43.1	49.6
Same as province or territory of residence	7,835	3,560	4,270	40.9	37.6	44.2
Different than province or territory of residence	1,040	525	515	5.4	5.5	5.3
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,475	675	800	7.7	7.1	8.3
Americas	250	125	120	1.3	1.3	1.2
United States of America	180	85	95	0.9	0.9	1.0
Mexico	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Europe	360	185	175	1.9	2.0	1.8
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Netherlands	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Romania	20	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Russian Federation	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	95	60	0.8	1.0	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Africa	55	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Nigeria	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Asia	780	310	470	4.1	3.3	4.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Philippines	105	40	65	0.5	0.4	0.7
Viet Nam	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	495	210	290	2.6	2.2	3.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.4
Oceania	40	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Australia	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealand	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	28,420	14,235	14,195	...	...	...
In the labour force	18,475	9,915	8,560	...	...	...
Employed	17,255	9,285	7,975	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,215	630	585	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	9,955	4,320	5,635	...	...	...
Participation rate	65.0	69.7	60.3	65.0	69.7	60.3
Employment rate	60.7	65.2	56.2	60.7	65.2	56.2
Unemployment rate	6.6	6.4	6.8	6.6	6.4	6.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	28,425	14,230	14,195	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	10,020	4,380	5,635	35.3	30.8	39.7
Worked	18,405	9,850	8,555	64.7	69.2	60.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,255	6,175	4,075	36.1	43.4	28.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	8,155	3,670	4,480	28.7	25.8	31.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.4	43.5	41.2	42.4	43.5	41.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	18,470	9,910	8,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	300	125	175	1.6	1.3	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	18,170	9,785	8,385	98.4	98.7	98.0
Employee	15,460	8,085	7,370	83.7	81.6	86.1
Permanent position	13,805	7,345	6,465	74.7	74.1	75.5
Temporary position	1,650	745	905	8.9	7.5	10.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	510	230	275	2.8	2.3	3.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,145	520	625	6.2	5.2	7.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,710	1,700	1,015	14.7	17.2	11.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	18,470	9,910	8,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	300	125	175	1.6	1.3	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	18,170	9,785	8,385	98.4	98.7	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	155	105	45	0.8	1.1	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,625	640	1,980	14.2	6.5	23.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	805	620	180	4.4	6.3	2.1
3 Health occupations	1,155	235	925	6.3	2.4	10.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	2,040	565	1,470	11.0	5.7	17.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	475	240	235	2.6	2.4	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	4,445	1,655	2,785	24.1	16.7	32.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	5,015	4,590	425	27.2	46.3	5.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	430	320	110	2.3	3.2	1.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,040	805	230	5.6	8.1	2.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	18,470	9,910	8,560	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	300	125	175	1.6	1.3	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	18,170	9,785	8,385	98.4	98.7	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	360	200	155	1.9	2.0	1.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	35	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
22 Utilities	85	65	20	0.5	0.7	0.2
23 Construction	2,550	2,250	295	13.8	22.7	3.4
31-33 Manufacturing	1,765	1,350	415	9.6	13.6	4.8
41 Wholesale trade	680	490	190	3.7	4.9	2.2
44-45 Retail trade	2,170	940	1,235	11.7	9.5	14.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,240	985	260	6.7	9.9	3.0
51 Information and cultural industries	270	170	100	1.5	1.7	1.2
52 Finance and insurance	470	130	340	2.5	1.3	4.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	295	135	155	1.6	1.4	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	880	380	505	4.8	3.8	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	905	555	350	4.9	5.6	4.1
61 Educational services	1,205	295	910	6.5	3.0	10.6
62 Health care and social assistance	2,115	360	1,755	11.5	3.6	20.5
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	305	145	165	1.7	1.5	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	970	315	650	5.3	3.2	7.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	865	460	400	4.7	4.6	4.7
91 Public administration	955	505	445	5.2	5.1	5.2
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	19,855	10,630	9,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,845	10,080	8,770	94.9	94.8	95.1
French	35	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official language	245	125	125	1.2	1.2	1.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	245	125	125	1.2	1.2	1.4
English and French	95	30	70	0.5	0.3	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	615	375	240	3.1	3.5	2.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	19,855	10,630	9,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	19,735	10,555	9,180	99.4	99.3	99.5
Official languages	19,320	10,325	8,990	97.3	97.1	97.5
English	19,270	10,305	8,965	97.1	96.9	97.2
French	50	25	20	0.3	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	420	230	190	2.1	2.2	2.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	420	230	190	2.1	2.2	2.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	365	215	155	1.8	2.0	1.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	360	215	150	1.8	2.0	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	355	215	145	1.8	2.0	1.6
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	355	215	145	1.8	2.0	1.6
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	120	70	50	0.6	0.7	0.5
English and French	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	100	65	30	0.5	0.6	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	19,855	10,630	9,225	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	19,235	10,280	8,955	96.9	96.7	97.1
English	175	110	60	0.9	1.0	0.7
French	60	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.5
Non-official language	360	210	145	1.8	2.0	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	360	210	145	1.8	2.0	1.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	17,255	9,285	7,970	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,110	840	1,275	12.2	9.0	16.0
Worked outside Canada	30	30	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
No fixed workplace address	3,615	2,690	920	21.0	29.0	11.5
Usual place of work	11,500	5,725	5,775	66.6	61.7	72.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	11,500	5,725	5,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,280	1,490	2,795	37.2	26.0	48.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	2,950	1,470	1,480	25.7	25.7	25.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	4,250	2,755	1,495	37.0	48.1	25.9
Commute to a different province or territory	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	15,110	8,415	6,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,070	7,960	6,110	93.1	94.6	91.3
Car, truck or van - as a driver	12,920	7,350	5,570	85.5	87.3	83.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,150	610	540	7.6	7.2	8.1
Public transit	365	160	205	2.4	1.9	3.1
Walked	385	155	230	2.5	1.8	3.4
Bicycle	35	35	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Other method	265	110	155	1.8	1.3	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	15,110	8,415	6,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,045	1,530	2,520	26.8	18.2	37.6
15 to 29 minutes	3,920	2,035	1,880	25.9	24.2	28.1
30 to 44 minutes	2,705	1,620	1,080	17.9	19.3	16.1
45 to 59 minutes	1,815	1,190	625	12.0	14.1	9.3
60 minutes and over	2,630	2,040	590	17.4	24.2	8.8
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	15,110	8,415	6,695	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	1,850	1,395	455	12.2	16.6	6.8
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	3,045	2,075	970	20.2	24.7	14.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,370	1,760	1,610	22.3	20.9	24.0
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,490	970	1,520	16.5	11.5	22.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,640	580	1,065	10.9	6.9	15.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,720	1,645	1,075	18.0	19.5	16.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,465	4,455	4,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	420	210	210	5.0	4.7	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	8,040	4,250	3,795	95.0	95.4	94.6
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,200	3,265	2,930	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	325	165	160	5.2	5.1	5.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	155	80	80	2.5	2.5	2.7
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165	85	85	2.7	2.6	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,875	3,110	2,765	94.8	95.3	94.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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