Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	LadnerMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	23,016	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	22,193	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.7	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,286	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	9,028	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	3,120.3	...	...	3,120.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	7.38	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	23,010	11,170	11,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,590	1,840	1,750	15.6	16.5	14.8
0 to 4 years	1,085	540	540	4.7	4.8	4.6
5 to 9 years	1,235	660	570	5.4	5.9	4.8
10 to 14 years	1,275	640	635	5.5	5.7	5.4
15 to 64 years	14,240	6,925	7,320	61.9	62.0	61.8
15 to 19 years	1,320	695	620	5.7	6.2	5.2
20 to 24 years	1,160	625	540	5.0	5.6	4.6
25 to 29 years	1,065	515	550	4.6	4.6	4.6
30 to 34 years	1,155	550	605	5.0	4.9	5.1
35 to 39 years	1,435	685	755	6.2	6.1	6.4
40 to 44 years	1,375	660	715	6.0	5.9	6.0
45 to 49 years	1,450	675	775	6.3	6.0	6.5
50 to 54 years	1,655	780	870	7.2	7.0	7.3
55 to 59 years	1,820	860	960	7.9	7.7	8.1
60 to 64 years	1,810	875	935	7.9	7.8	7.9
65 years and over	5,180	2,405	2,775	22.5	21.5	23.4
65 to 69 years	1,555	755	800	6.8	6.8	6.8
70 to 74 years	1,375	615	765	6.0	5.5	6.5
75 to 79 years	1,095	520	580	4.8	4.7	4.9
80 to 84 years	630	300	330	2.7	2.7	2.8
85 years and over	520	220	300	2.3	2.0	2.5
85 to 89 years	350	140	210	1.5	1.3	1.8
90 to 94 years	135	65	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
95 to 99 years	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
100 years and over	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.6	16.5	14.8	15.6	16.5	14.8
15 to 64 years	61.9	62.0	61.8	61.9	62.0	61.8
65 years and over	22.5	21.5	23.4	22.5	21.5	23.4
85 years and over	2.3	2.0	2.5	2.3	2.0	2.5
Average age of the population	44.2	43.3	45.1	44.2	43.3	45.1
Median age of the population	46.4	45.2	47.6	46.4	45.2	47.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	9,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	4,820	...	...	53.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	510	...	...	5.6	...	...
Row house	880	...	...	9.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	980	...	...	10.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,680	...	...	18.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	95	...	...	1.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	15	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	9,025	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,215	...	...	24.5	...	...
2 persons	3,145	...	...	34.8	...	...
3 persons	1,415	...	...	15.7	...	...
4 persons	1,535	...	...	17.0	...	...
5 or more persons	720	...	...	8.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,850	11,090	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.5	...	...	2.5	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	19,425	9,325	10,100	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,975	5,975	5,995	61.6	64.1	59.4
Married	10,460	5,225	5,235	53.8	56.0	51.8
Living common-law	1,510	750	755	7.8	8.0	7.5
Living common law - Never married	970	480	490	5.0	5.1	4.9
Living common law - Separated	60	35	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	440	220	220	2.3	2.4	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	35	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	7,445	3,345	4,105	38.3	35.9	40.6
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,750	2,525	2,225	24.5	27.1	22.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	430	165	265	2.2	1.8	2.6
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,220	420	800	6.3	4.5	7.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,045	235	815	5.4	2.5	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,795	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,365	...	...	49.5	...	...
3 persons	1,455	...	...	21.4	...	...
4 persons	1,535	...	...	22.6	...	...
5 or more persons	440	...	...	6.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,890	...	...	86.7	...	...
Married couples	5,135	...	...	75.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,805	...	...	41.3	...	...
Without children	2,330	...	...	34.3	...	...
Common-law couples	755	...	...	11.1	...	...
With children⁶	280	...	...	4.1	...	...
Without children	475	...	...	7.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	900	...	...	13.3	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	710	...	...	10.5	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	195	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,850	11,090	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	19,500	9,680	9,820	85.3	87.3	83.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	11,780	5,890	5,890	51.6	53.1	50.1
Parents in one-parent families	900	195	710	3.9	1.8	6.0
Children⁶	6,815	3,595	3,220	29.8	32.4	27.4
In a two-parent family	5,500	2,895	2,610	24.1	26.1	22.2
In a one-parent family	1,315	705	615	5.8	6.4	5.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	3,350	1,410	1,935	14.7	12.7	16.5
Living alone	2,215	880	1,335	9.7	7.9	11.4
Living with other relatives⁷	500	190	315	2.2	1.7	2.7
Living with non-relatives only	630	345	290	2.8	3.1	2.5
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	9,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,925	...	...	65.6	...	...
Couple-family households	5,200	...	...	57.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,695	...	...	29.8	...	...
Without children	2,505	...	...	27.7	...	...
One-parent-family households	720	...	...	8.0	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	320	...	...	3.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	60	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	255	...	...	2.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	260	...	...	2.9	...	...
One-person households	2,215	...	...	24.5	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	19,260	9,250	10,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,735	9,015	9,720	97.3	97.5	97.1
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	54,800	40,800	46,400	54,800	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,740	9,015	9,720	97.3	97.5	97.1
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,400	37,200	42,000	48,400	37,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,435	8,470	8,965	90.5	91.6	89.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	50,400	31,400	39,600	50,400	31,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,410	6,765	6,650	69.6	73.1	66.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,000	54,800	35,600	44,000	54,800	35,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,925	6,575	8,350	77.5	71.1	83.4
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,700	10,000	11,100	10,700	10,000	11,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,450	590	860	7.5	6.4	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,040	5,760	5,480	5,040	5,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,470	2,040	2,430	23.2	22.1	24.3
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	19,280	9,255	10,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,735	9,010	9,730	97.2	97.4	97.1
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,700	69,500	48,760	58,700	69,500	48,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,735	9,010	9,730	97.2	97.4	97.1
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,200	56,700	42,200	49,200	56,700	42,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,455	8,460	8,995	90.5	91.4	89.7
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,350	65,600	41,840	53,350	65,600	41,840
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,430	6,780	6,650	69.7	73.3	66.3
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	55,450	67,200	43,480	55,450	67,200	43,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,915	6,615	8,300	77.4	71.5	82.8
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,290	10,640	11,820	11,290	10,640	11,820
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,500	600	900	7.8	6.5	9.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,560	5,460	7,300	6,560	5,460	7,300
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,375	2,035	2,340	22.7	22.0	23.3
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,630	8,940	8,800	8,630	8,940
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	19,280	9,260	10,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,565	3,840	2,725	34.1	41.5	27.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	73,000	78,500	64,000	73,000	78,500	64,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	84,900	93,400	72,800	84,900	93,400	72,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,315	2,250	3,060	27.6	24.3	30.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,000	22,800	19,000	20,000	22,800	19,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,760	36,480	26,560	30,760	36,480	26,560
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.6	88.8	79.4	84.6	88.8	79.4
Employment income (%)¹⁹	67.8	72.8	60.9	67.8	72.8	60.9
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.3	11.3	20.7	15.3	11.3	20.7
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.5	1.4	0.9	0.5	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.4	3.4	5.7	4.4	3.4	5.7
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	2.8	4.4	3.5	2.8	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	19,255	9,245	10,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	520	235	285	2.7	2.5	2.8
With total income	18,735	9,015	9,725	97.3	97.5	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,560	675	885	8.3	7.5	9.1
$10,000 to $19,999	1,780	710	1,065	9.5	7.9	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	2,485	980	1,505	13.3	10.9	15.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,205	885	1,320	11.8	9.8	13.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,030	860	1,175	10.8	9.5	12.1
$50,000 to $59,999	1,775	795	980	9.5	8.8	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,445	715	725	7.7	7.9	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,125	620	505	6.0	6.9	5.2
$80,000 to $89,999	935	535	400	5.0	5.9	4.1
$90,000 to $99,999	800	460	340	4.3	5.1	3.5
$100,000 and over	2,600	1,780	820	13.9	19.7	8.4
$100,000 to $149,999	1,750	1,130	615	9.3	12.5	6.3
$150,000 and over	855	650	200	4.6	7.2	2.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	19,255	9,245	10,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	520	230	285	2.7	2.5	2.8
With after-tax income	18,740	9,015	9,725	97.3	97.5	97.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,625	690	930	8.7	7.7	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	1,875	745	1,130	10.0	8.3	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,800	1,125	1,680	14.9	12.5	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,565	1,055	1,515	13.7	11.7	15.6
$40,000 to $49,999	2,400	1,045	1,360	12.8	11.6	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,940	960	985	10.4	10.6	10.1
$60,000 to $69,999	1,475	800	675	7.9	8.9	6.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,145	650	495	6.1	7.2	5.1
$80,000 to $89,999	870	545	330	4.6	6.0	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	600	385	220	3.2	4.3	2.3
$100,000 and over	1,440	1,035	405	7.7	11.5	4.2
$100,000 to $124,999	740	500	235	3.9	5.5	2.4
$125,000 and over	700	530	170	3.7	5.9	1.7
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	19,255	9,245	10,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	5,845	2,485	3,365	30.4	26.9	33.6
With employment income	13,415	6,765	6,645	69.7	73.2	66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,885	870	1,010	14.1	12.9	15.2
$5,000 to $9,999	1,010	380	630	7.5	5.6	9.5
$10,000 to $19,999	1,340	575	760	10.0	8.5	11.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,025	415	610	7.6	6.1	9.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,030	440	595	7.7	6.5	9.0
$40,000 to $49,999	1,035	440	595	7.7	6.5	9.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,105	505	595	8.2	7.5	9.0
$60,000 to $69,999	925	500	425	6.9	7.4	6.4
$70,000 to $79,999	775	470	305	5.8	6.9	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	680	395	290	5.1	5.8	4.4
$90,000 to $99,999	615	365	250	4.6	5.4	3.8
$100,000 and over	1,980	1,405	580	14.8	20.8	8.7
$100,000 to $124,999	885	590	295	6.6	8.7	4.4
$125,000 and over	1,095	815	285	8.2	12.0	4.3
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	19,260	9,250	10,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,320	8,765	9,555	95.1	94.8	95.5
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	55,600	38,800	46,000	55,600	38,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	18,360	8,775	9,585	95.3	94.9	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,800	48,000	34,800	40,800	48,000	34,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,310	8,370	8,945	89.9	90.5	89.4
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,600	52,800	33,600	41,600	52,800	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,140	7,025	7,120	73.4	75.9	71.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	54,000	34,400	42,800	54,000	34,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	11,805	4,725	7,075	61.3	51.1	70.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,200	9,100	7,600	8,200	9,100	7,600
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,035	410	630	5.4	4.4	6.3
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,320	4,520	6,040	5,320	4,520	6,040
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	19,280	9,255	10,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,385	8,805	9,580	95.4	95.1	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	57,100	68,800	46,320	57,100	68,800	46,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	18,420	8,815	9,600	95.5	95.2	95.8
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,320	55,750	39,560	47,320	55,750	39,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,355	8,380	8,970	90.0	90.5	89.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,050	66,900	42,040	54,050	66,900	42,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,170	7,070	7,095	73.5	76.4	70.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,450	65,700	41,240	53,450	65,700	41,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,935	4,765	7,165	61.9	51.5	71.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,340	9,430	9,280	9,340	9,430	9,280
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,065	440	630	5.5	4.8	6.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,520	6,340	8,360	7,520	6,340	8,360
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	19,280	9,260	10,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,565	3,850	2,715	34.1	41.6	27.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	77,500	61,200	70,500	77,500	61,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	81,000	89,900	68,400	81,000	89,900	68,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,060	2,125	2,935	26.2	22.9	29.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,000	29,800	23,600	26,000	29,800	23,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,680	45,280	30,440	36,680	45,280	30,440
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.4	92.6	85.0	89.4	92.6	85.0
Employment income (%)	72.2	76.8	66.0	72.2	76.8	66.0
Government transfers (%)	10.6	7.4	15.0	10.6	7.4	15.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.8	0.5	1.2	0.8	0.5	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	9,030	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,215	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,815	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	9,035	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	121,800	...	...	121,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	102,000	...	...	102,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,240	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	56,650	...	...	56,650	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,000	...	...	48,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,795	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	143,200	...	...	143,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	119,800	...	...	119,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	9,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	45	...	...	0.5	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	90	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	275	...	...	3.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...	2.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	210	...	...	2.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	255	...	...	2.8	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	285	...	...	3.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	290	...	...	3.2	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	540	...	...	6.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	535	...	...	5.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	535	...	...	5.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	480	...	...	5.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	505	...	...	5.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,665	...	...	51.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,165	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	880	...	...	9.7	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,285	...	...	14.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,335	...	...	14.8	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	9,030	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	90	...	...	1.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	290	...	...	3.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	235	...	...	2.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	265	...	...	2.9	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	295	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	320	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	340	...	...	3.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	625	...	...	6.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	630	...	...	7.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	600	...	...	6.6	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	590	...	...	6.5	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	625	...	...	6.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,935	...	...	43.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,205	...	...	13.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	970	...	...	10.7	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,765	...	...	19.5	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,645	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,000	...	...	107,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	103,000	...	...	103,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	3,090	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	159,000	...	...	159,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	136,000	...	...	136,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,000	...	...	73,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	2,850	1,225	1,620	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,800	47,200	43,200	44,800	47,200	43,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,400	42,000	39,600	40,400	42,000	39,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	142,600	...	...	142,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	119,100	...	...	119,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	119,600	...	...	119,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	100,600	...	...	100,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	174,000	...	...	174,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	144,200	...	...	144,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	820	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	95,400	...	...	95,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	2,740	1,140	1,605	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	54,900	59,000	52,000	54,900	59,000	52,000
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,680	49,600	44,640	46,680	49,600	44,640
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,850	11,095	11,755	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,400	2,255	2,145	19.3	20.3	18.2
0 to 5 years	1,305	665	640	5.7	6.0	5.4
18 to 64 years	13,360	6,480	6,880	58.5	58.4	58.5
65 years and over	5,090	2,350	2,735	22.3	21.2	23.3
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,565	685	880	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	375	180	190	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	80	35	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	740	340	405	...	...	...
65 years and over	450	170	280	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.8	6.2	7.5	6.8	6.2	7.5
0 to 17 years (%)	8.5	8.0	9.0	8.5	8.0	9.0
0 to 5 years (%)	6.2	5.6	7.0	6.2	5.6	7.0
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.2	5.9	5.5	5.2	5.9
65 years and over (%)	8.8	7.2	10.2	8.8	7.2	10.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,850	11,090	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,405	2,260	2,145	19.3	20.4	18.2
0 to 5 years	1,305	660	645	5.7	6.0	5.5
18 to 64 years	13,360	6,480	6,880	58.5	58.4	58.5
65 years and over	5,085	2,355	2,735	22.3	21.2	23.3
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	575	280	300	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	165	80	90	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	20	15	10	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	345	170	175	...	...	...
65 years and over	60	25	35	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.5	2.5	2.6	2.5	2.5	2.6
0 to 17 years (%)	3.8	3.6	4.1	3.8	3.6	4.1
0 to 5 years (%)	1.8	2.0	1.6	1.8	2.0	1.6
18 to 64 years (%)	2.6	2.7	2.5	2.6	2.7	2.5
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.2	1.1	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,850	11,095	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	7,955	3,680	4,275	34.8	33.2	36.4
In bottom decile	1,435	660	770	6.3	5.9	6.5
In second decile	1,300	555	745	5.7	5.0	6.3
In third decile	1,435	645	785	6.3	5.8	6.7
In fourth decile	1,775	835	940	7.8	7.5	8.0
In fifth decile	2,015	980	1,030	8.8	8.8	8.8
In top half of the distribution	14,900	7,410	7,485	65.2	66.8	63.6
In sixth decile	2,395	1,175	1,220	10.5	10.6	10.4
In seventh decile	2,530	1,215	1,315	11.1	11.0	11.2
In eighth decile	2,890	1,435	1,455	12.6	12.9	12.4
In ninth decile	3,610	1,800	1,815	15.8	16.2	15.4
In top decile	3,460	1,785	1,675	15.1	16.1	14.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,850	...	...	22,850	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.388	...	...	0.388	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.267	...	...	0.267	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	22,860	11,095	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	21,030	10,335	10,690	92.0	93.2	90.9
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,460	605	855	6.4	5.5	7.3
Neither English nor French	365	150	210	1.6	1.4	1.8
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	22,860	11,095	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	22,265	10,830	11,435	97.4	97.6	97.2
French	180	95	85	0.8	0.9	0.7
English and French	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	360	145	215	1.6	1.3	1.8
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	22,860	11,095	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,120	10,760	11,365	96.8	97.0	96.6
Official languages	17,765	8,750	9,010	77.7	78.9	76.6
English	17,565	8,650	8,915	76.8	78.0	75.8
French	200	100	100	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	4,360	2,005	2,350	19.1	18.1	20.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,355	2,005	2,350	19.1	18.1	20.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	45	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	350	140	205	1.5	1.3	1.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	285	115	170	1.2	1.0	1.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,170	1,025	1,145	9.5	9.2	9.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	130	175	1.4	1.2	1.5
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	310	130	175	1.4	1.2	1.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	155	65	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	480	215	265	2.1	1.9	2.3
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	290	125	165	1.3	1.1	1.4
German	285	125	160	1.2	1.1	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	135	65	75	0.6	0.6	0.6
Afrikaans	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dutch	120	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	45	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	925	455	470	4.0	4.1	4.0
Indo-Aryan languages	880	430	445	3.8	3.9	3.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hindi	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	745	365	380	3.3	3.3	3.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	365	175	190	1.6	1.6	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Romanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	190	85	100	0.8	0.8	0.9
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	25	55	0.4	0.2	0.5
Korean	90	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,460	685	780	6.4	6.2	6.6
Chinese languages	1,450	675	775	6.3	6.1	6.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	705	325	380	3.1	2.9	3.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yue (Cantonese)	705	330	370	3.1	3.0	3.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	735	340	395	3.2	3.1	3.4
English and French	65	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	590	270	320	2.6	2.4	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	22,860	11,095	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,325	8,995	9,330	80.2	81.1	79.3
French	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,110	520	590	4.9	4.7	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,110	520	590	4.9	4.7	5.0
English and French	170	80	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
English and non-official language(s)	3,055	1,405	1,650	13.4	12.7	14.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	95	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	75	40	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	22,860	11,095	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	22,230	10,810	11,425	97.2	97.4	97.2
Official languages	20,005	9,750	10,255	87.5	87.9	87.2
English	19,965	9,725	10,235	87.3	87.7	87.0
French	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	2,220	1,060	1,165	9.7	9.6	9.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	2,220	1,060	1,165	9.7	9.6	9.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	175	75	100	0.8	0.7	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	170	80	95	0.7	0.7	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	795	385	410	3.5	3.5	3.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	100	50	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	100	50	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	65	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	490	240	250	2.1	2.2	2.1
Indo-Aryan languages	465	225	235	2.0	2.0	2.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	405	200	210	1.8	1.8	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	125	60	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,090	520	570	4.8	4.7	4.8
Chinese languages	1,080	520	565	4.7	4.7	4.8
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	550	265	285	2.4	2.4	2.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	510	245	270	2.2	2.2	2.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	630	290	335	2.8	2.6	2.8
English and French	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	595	275	320	2.6	2.5	2.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	22,860	11,095	11,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	19,995	9,780	10,215	87.5	88.1	86.9
English	940	445	490	4.1	4.0	4.2
French	145	70	75	0.6	0.6	0.6
Non-official language	1,455	640	810	6.4	5.8	6.9
Indigenous³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,450	640	805	6.3	5.8	6.8
English and French	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	115	55	60	0.5	0.5	0.5
French and non-official language(s)	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	150	65	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,880	11,105	11,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	22,530	10,980	11,550	98.5	98.9	98.1
English	22,530	10,980	11,550	98.5	98.9	98.1
French	1,485	630	865	6.5	5.7	7.3
Non-official languages	6,050	2,835	3,215	26.4	25.5	27.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	6,045	2,835	3,210	26.4	25.5	27.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	75	70	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	75	70	0.6	0.7	0.6
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	70	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	535	205	325	2.3	1.8	2.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ilocano	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	505	200	305	2.2	1.8	2.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,375	1,655	1,720	14.8	14.9	14.6
Albanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	370	160	215	1.6	1.4	1.8
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	370	160	215	1.6	1.4	1.8
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	60	10	50	0.3	0.1	0.4
Russian	160	75	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	70	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Serbian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukrainian	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	730	355	375	3.2	3.2	3.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	430	215	215	1.9	1.9	1.8
German	425	215	210	1.9	1.9	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	245	125	120	1.1	1.1	1.0
Afrikaans	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	175	85	85	0.8	0.8	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Danish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Swedish	50	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	1,585	815	770	6.9	7.3	6.5
Indo-Aryan languages	1,550	795	750	6.8	7.2	6.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hindi	245	120	125	1.1	1.1	1.1
Kacchi	30	20	20	0.1	0.2	0.2
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,280	660	620	5.6	5.9	5.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Urdu	90	45	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	50	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	735	335	400	3.2	3.0	3.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	120	65	55	0.5	0.6	0.5
Portuguese	125	40	80	0.5	0.4	0.7
Romanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	530	255	275	2.3	2.3	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	175	75	100	0.8	0.7	0.8
Korean	50	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
American Sign Language	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,755	785	970	7.7	7.1	8.2
Chinese languages	1,740	785	950	7.6	7.1	8.1
Hakka	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mandarin	1,100	520	575	4.8	4.7	4.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	900	390	510	3.9	3.5	4.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Burmese	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,880	11,105	11,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	855	355	500	3.7	3.2	4.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	805	345	460	3.5	3.1	3.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	430	210	225	1.9	1.9	1.9
Métis	370	140	235	1.6	1.3	2.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	22,025	10,750	11,275	96.3	96.8	95.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,880	11,105	11,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	225	95	130	1.0	0.9	1.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	22,655	11,015	11,640	99.0	99.2	98.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,120	...	...	78.8	...	...
Renter	1,915	...	...	21.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,790	...	...	19.8	...	...
Not condominium	7,250	...	...	80.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	55	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	965	...	...	10.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,675	...	...	18.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,400	...	...	37.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,945	...	...	32.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,100	...	...	23.2	...	...
5 rooms	1,225	...	...	13.6	...	...
6 rooms	1,420	...	...	15.7	...	...
7 rooms	1,380	...	...	15.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,910	...	...	32.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.5	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,895	...	...	98.5	...	...
More than one person per room	135	...	...	1.5	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	8,745	...	...	96.8	...	...
Not suitable	290	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	530	...	...	5.9	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,440	...	...	38.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,845	...	...	20.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,640	...	...	18.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	255	...	...	2.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	385	...	...	4.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	295	...	...	3.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	640	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,580	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	455	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,980	...	...	44.1	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,550	...	...	50.4	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	505	...	...	5.6	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	50	...	...	0.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	705	...	...	7.8	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,325	...	...	14.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,695	...	...	18.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,080	...	...	23.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,730	...	...	19.1	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,110	...	...	12.3	...	...
85 years and over	340	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	9,010	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	7,270	...	...	80.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	1,745	...	...	19.4	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,505	...	...	16.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	9,035	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,300	...	...	25.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,575	...	...	17.4	...	...
Not suitable only	235	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	305	...	...	3.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	20	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	6,735	...	...	74.5	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,775	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	930	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not in core need	7,850	...	...	89.5	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,115	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.3	...	...	55.3	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.7	...	...	15.7	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.9	...	...	6.9	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,678	...	...	1,678	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,066,000	...	...	1,066,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	1,915	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.0	...	...	11.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	33.2	...	...	33.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	25.1	...	...	25.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,330	...	...	1,330	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,480	...	...	1,480	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,880	11,105	11,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	135	65	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	135	65	70	0.6	0.6	0.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	85	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Métis single ancestry	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	830	380	445	3.6	3.4	3.8
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	805	380	425	3.5	3.4	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	500	260	235	2.2	2.3	2.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	310	120	190	1.4	1.1	1.6
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	21,915	10,660	11,255	95.8	96.0	95.6
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,875	11,105	11,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	21,575	10,495	11,080	94.3	94.5	94.1
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,260	2,160	2,100	18.6	19.5	17.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	17,315	8,340	8,980	75.7	75.1	76.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,305	610	690	5.7	5.5	5.9
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,875	11,105	11,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,370	8,535	8,835	75.9	76.9	75.1
Immigrants⁸¹	5,295	2,475	2,820	23.1	22.3	24.0
Before 1980	1,760	855	910	7.7	7.7	7.7
1980 to 1990	700	305	390	3.1	2.7	3.3
1991 to 2000	1,040	485	550	4.5	4.4	4.7
2001 to 2010	865	425	435	3.8	3.8	3.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	935	395	535	4.1	3.6	4.5
2011 to 2015	485	205	275	2.1	1.8	2.3
2016 to 2021	455	190	265	2.0	1.7	2.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	215	100	115	0.9	0.9	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	5,295	2,470	2,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	505	265	240	9.5	10.7	8.5
5 to 14 years	835	430	405	15.8	17.4	14.3
15 to 24 years	1,220	500	720	23.0	20.2	25.5
25 to 44 years	2,250	1,040	1,205	42.5	42.1	42.7
45 years and over	490	235	255	9.3	9.5	9.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	5,295	2,470	2,825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	505	250	255	9.5	10.1	9.0
Brazil	30	10	15	0.6	0.4	0.5
Colombia	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.7
El Salvador	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Mexico	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
Peru	20	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	30	15	20	0.6	0.6	0.7
United States of America	250	140	105	4.7	5.7	3.7
Other places of birth in Americas	110	50	60	2.1	2.0	2.1
Europe	1,655	790	870	31.3	32.0	30.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	25	15	10	0.5	0.6	0.4
France	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Germany	125	65	65	2.4	2.6	2.3
Greece	30	20	15	0.6	0.8	0.5
Hungary	15	10	0	0.3	0.4	0.0
Italy	15	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	150	85	70	2.8	3.4	2.5
Poland	35	0	30	0.7	0.0	1.1
Portugal	40	20	20	0.8	0.8	0.7
Romania	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Russian Federation	35	10	20	0.7	0.4	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	60	25	30	1.1	1.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	865	395	470	16.3	16.0	16.6
Other places of birth in Europe	215	115	100	4.1	4.7	3.5
Africa	195	120	80	3.7	4.9	2.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	105	65	35	2.0	2.6	1.2
Other places of birth in Africa	75	40	35	1.4	1.6	1.2
Asia	2,795	1,245	1,555	52.8	50.4	55.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	30	20	0	0.6	0.8	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	660	290	375	12.5	11.7	13.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	385	175	215	7.3	7.1	7.6
Korea, South⁹²	20	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.5
Taiwan	145	55	90	2.7	2.2	3.2
Philippines	500	200	305	9.4	8.1	10.8
Viet Nam	25	15	15	0.5	0.6	0.5
Bangladesh	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
India	670	305	370	12.7	12.3	13.1
Pakistan	55	35	20	1.0	1.4	0.7
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	230	110	125	4.3	4.5	4.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	140	65	70	2.6	2.6	2.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	455	190	265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	65	25	45	14.3	13.2	17.0
Brazil	20	0	15	4.4	0.0	5.7
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	15	25	7.7	7.9	9.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0
Europe	40	20	25	8.8	10.5	9.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10	3.3	0.0	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	330	145	190	72.5	76.3	71.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	105	60	50	23.1	31.6	18.9
Hong Kong⁹¹	25	15	10	5.5	7.9	3.8
India	80	15	60	17.6	7.9	22.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	90	30	55	19.8	15.8	20.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,880	11,105	11,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,825	2,680	3,140	25.5	24.1	26.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,035	3,035	2,995	26.4	27.3	25.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,020	5,385	5,635	48.2	48.5	47.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,530	1,620	1,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,900	905	995	53.8	55.9	52.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	840	460	375	23.8	28.4	19.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,060	445	615	30.0	27.5	32.1
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,440	605	830	40.8	37.3	43.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	165	80	80	4.7	4.9	4.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	35	25	10	1.0	1.5	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,530	1,620	1,915	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	20	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	470	205	265	13.3	12.7	13.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	115	65	60	3.3	4.0	3.1
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	220	85	135	6.2	5.2	7.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	20	15	0	0.6	0.9	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,680	1,235	1,450	75.9	76.2	75.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,880	11,105	11,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	6,260	2,960	3,300	27.4	26.7	28.0
South Asian	2,040	1,065	980	8.9	9.6	8.3
Chinese	2,090	945	1,145	9.1	8.5	9.7
Black	200	100	95	0.9	0.9	0.8
Filipino	745	320	425	3.3	2.9	3.6
Arab	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	170	65	100	0.7	0.6	0.8
Southeast Asian	110	45	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
West Asian	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	50	15	40	0.2	0.1	0.3
Japanese	375	180	190	1.6	1.6	1.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	85	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Multiple visible minorities	300	130	165	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	16,620	8,140	8,475	72.6	73.3	72.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,875	11,105	11,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,570	1,240	1,330	11.2	11.2	11.3
English	5,975	2,960	3,015	26.1	26.7	25.6
Irish	3,615	1,715	1,900	15.8	15.4	16.1
Scottish	4,610	2,245	2,370	20.2	20.2	20.1
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,405	630	775	6.1	5.7	6.6
German	2,765	1,400	1,360	12.1	12.6	11.6
Chinese	1,980	920	1,060	8.7	8.3	9.0
Italian	860	420	440	3.8	3.8	3.7
Indian (India)	1,140	560	575	5.0	5.0	4.9
Ukrainian	910	425	490	4.0	3.8	4.2
Dutch	1,255	660	590	5.5	5.9	5.0
Polish	705	325	380	3.1	2.9	3.2
Québécois	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,345	565	785	5.9	5.1	6.7
Filipino	720	305	415	3.1	2.7	3.5
French Canadian	160	80	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	285	125	155	1.2	1.1	1.3
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	250	130	120	1.1	1.2	1.0
Métis	380	145	230	1.7	1.3	2.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	485	215	275	2.1	1.9	2.3
Russian	615	255	355	2.7	2.3	3.0
Norwegian	740	380	360	3.2	3.4	3.1
Welsh	710	385	325	3.1	3.5	2.8
Portuguese	235	95	140	1.0	0.9	1.2
American	310	135	175	1.4	1.2	1.5
Spanish	270	125	145	1.2	1.1	1.2
Swedish	590	250	335	2.6	2.3	2.8
Hungarian	280	140	135	1.2	1.3	1.1
Acadian	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	75	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	95	40	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jewish	265	115	150	1.2	1.0	1.3
Punjabi	490	255	240	2.1	2.3	2.0
Vietnamese	80	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	170	95	75	0.7	0.9	0.6
Jamaican	65	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	145	60	85	0.6	0.5	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	90	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Korean	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Romanian	110	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Lebanese	40	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Iranian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	120	65	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
Danish	330	160	170	1.4	1.4	1.4
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	100	65	30	0.4	0.6	0.3
Sikh	245	135	110	1.1	1.2	0.9
Austrian	235	110	125	1.0	1.0	1.1
Belgian	95	50	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mexican	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mennonite	85	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Swiss	150	75	70	0.7	0.7	0.6
Finnish	160	75	85	0.7	0.7	0.7
Sri Lankan	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Croatian	180	85	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
Japanese	425	200	230	1.9	1.8	2.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	115	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.6
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	95	60	40	0.4	0.5	0.3
Muslim	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	100	30	75	0.4	0.3	0.6
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Syrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyanese	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	150	50	100	0.7	0.5	0.8
Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Persian	80	45	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Turkish	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Nigerian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Armenian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	70	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Taiwanese	155	80	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquin	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	45	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lithuanian	40	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
South African	55	40	25	0.2	0.4	0.2
Australian	185	90	95	0.8	0.8	0.8
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mohawk	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
African American	30	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ilocano	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Northern Irish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	25	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
British Columbian	95	50	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	40	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Buddhist	35	20	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cape Bretoner	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Goan	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,880	11,105	11,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	290	110	175	1.3	1.0	1.5
Christian	9,115	4,065	5,050	39.8	36.6	42.9
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,985	930	1,055	8.7	8.4	9.0
Anabaptist	235	115	120	1.0	1.0	1.0
Anglican	990	435	555	4.3	3.9	4.7
Baptist	390	200	190	1.7	1.8	1.6
Catholic	3,205	1,355	1,860	14.0	12.2	15.8
Christian Orthodox	205	110	100	0.9	1.0	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latter Day Saints	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	220	105	115	1.0	0.9	1.0
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	60	35	15	0.3	0.3	0.1
Presbyterian	125	65	60	0.5	0.6	0.5
Reformed	120	65	50	0.5	0.6	0.4
United Church	1,075	415	660	4.7	3.7	5.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	425	190	230	1.9	1.7	2.0
Hindu	105	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jewish	265	125	140	1.2	1.1	1.2
Muslim	205	125	80	0.9	1.1	0.7
Sikh	1,320	685	635	5.8	6.2	5.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	150	55	95	0.7	0.5	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	11,435	5,895	5,540	50.0	53.1	47.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	22,705	11,020	11,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	20,310	9,810	10,495	89.5	89.0	89.8
Movers	2,400	1,210	1,190	10.6	11.0	10.2
Non-migrants	1,180	570	615	5.2	5.2	5.3
Migrants	1,215	635	580	5.4	5.8	5.0
Internal migrants	1,065	580	490	4.7	5.3	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	960	525	435	4.2	4.8	3.7
Interprovincial migrants	105	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
External migrants	150	60	90	0.7	0.5	0.8
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	21,725	10,535	11,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	14,240	6,790	7,445	65.5	64.5	66.5
Movers	7,490	3,745	3,745	34.5	35.5	33.5
Non-migrants	2,910	1,455	1,460	13.4	13.8	13.0
Migrants	4,575	2,290	2,285	21.1	21.7	20.4
Internal migrants	3,990	2,020	1,970	18.4	19.2	17.6
Intraprovincial migrants	3,545	1,785	1,760	16.3	16.9	15.7
Interprovincial migrants	445	235	210	2.0	2.2	1.9
External migrants	590	265	320	2.7	2.5	2.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,280	9,255	10,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,485	1,290	1,195	12.9	13.9	11.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,795	7,965	8,830	87.1	86.1	88.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,745	5,710	6,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	835	510	325	7.1	8.9	5.4
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	10,905	5,200	5,705	92.8	91.1	94.6
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	19,280	9,255	10,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	2,220	1,095	1,130	11.5	11.8	11.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,295	2,945	3,350	32.7	31.8	33.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,765	5,215	5,545	55.8	56.3	55.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,910	3,060	2,850	30.7	33.1	28.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,605	1,250	360	8.3	13.5	3.6
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	635	380	265	3.3	4.1	2.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	965	870	95	5.0	9.4	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,575	1,515	2,060	18.5	16.4	20.5
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	730	295	435	3.8	3.2	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	4,850	2,155	2,695	25.2	23.3	26.9
Bachelor's degree	3,250	1,445	1,800	16.9	15.6	18.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	435	120	320	2.3	1.3	3.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	50	30	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Master's degree	975	465	510	5.1	5.0	5.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	145	90	55	0.8	1.0	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,740	5,710	6,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	690	395	295	5.9	6.9	4.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,275	1,615	1,655	27.9	28.3	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,780	3,705	4,075	66.3	64.9	67.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,125	2,200	1,925	35.1	38.5	31.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,090	885	205	9.3	15.5	3.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	460	300	160	3.9	5.3	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	625	580	40	5.3	10.2	0.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,520	1,110	1,410	21.5	19.4	23.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	515	205	310	4.4	3.6	5.1
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,655	1,500	2,150	31.1	26.3	35.6
Bachelor's degree	2,450	1,035	1,420	20.9	18.1	23.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	340	85	260	2.9	1.5	4.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Master's degree	725	315	405	6.2	5.5	6.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	105	60	50	0.9	1.1	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	19,280	9,255	10,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,515	4,040	4,475	44.2	43.7	44.6
Education	980	245	730	5.1	2.6	7.3
13. Education	980	245	730	5.1	2.6	7.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	475	240	240	2.5	2.6	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	85	65	15	0.4	0.7	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	395	170	225	2.0	1.8	2.2
Humanities	645	260	380	3.3	2.8	3.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	55	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	180	55	125	0.9	0.6	1.2
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	215	95	115	1.1	1.0	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	75	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
54. History	55	40	15	0.3	0.4	0.1
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,285	455	825	6.7	4.9	8.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	160	55	95	0.8	0.6	0.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	190	10	185	1.0	0.1	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	180	45	130	0.9	0.5	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
42. Psychology	245	85	160	1.3	0.9	1.6
45. Social sciences	475	245	230	2.5	2.6	2.3
Business, management and public administration	2,210	970	1,240	11.5	10.5	12.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	80	20	65	0.4	0.2	0.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,130	955	1,180	11.0	10.3	11.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	420	210	215	2.2	2.3	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	170	70	105	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	120	65	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	110	75	35	0.6	0.8	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	300	215	85	1.6	2.3	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	190	50	1.2	2.1	0.5
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.2	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,030	1,865	165	10.5	20.2	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	85	55	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
14. Engineering	425	335	90	2.2	3.6	0.9
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	345	305	35	1.8	3.3	0.3
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	495	480	10	2.6	5.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	480	475	0	2.5	5.1	0.0
48. Precision production	205	205	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	210	125	85	1.1	1.4	0.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	130	60	70	0.7	0.6	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	65	10	0.4	0.7	0.1
Health and related fields	1,505	270	1,240	7.8	2.9	12.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	185	110	75	1.0	1.2	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,320	160	1,165	6.8	1.7	11.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	710	365	345	3.7	3.9	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	430	130	305	2.2	1.4	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	80	55	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	175	165	15	0.9	1.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,745	5,710	6,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,965	2,005	1,950	33.8	35.1	32.3
Education	640	145	495	5.4	2.5	8.2
13. Education	640	145	495	5.4	2.5	8.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	335	170	170	2.9	3.0	2.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	40	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	290	130	160	2.5	2.3	2.7
Humanities	450	165	285	3.8	2.9	4.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
23. English language and literature/letters	115	30	80	1.0	0.5	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	150	55	95	1.3	1.0	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	60	25	35	0.5	0.4	0.6
54. History	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	980	340	640	8.3	6.0	10.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	135	55	80	1.1	1.0	1.3
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	140	10	135	1.2	0.2	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	125	30	105	1.1	0.5	1.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
42. Psychology	175	70	110	1.5	1.2	1.8
45. Social sciences	375	175	195	3.2	3.1	3.2
Business, management and public administration	1,630	700	930	13.9	12.3	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	60	10	55	0.5	0.2	0.9
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,565	690	880	13.3	12.1	14.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	310	130	180	2.6	2.3	3.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	125	40	85	1.1	0.7	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	100	40	55	0.9	0.7	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	75	45	25	0.6	0.8	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	215	175	40	1.8	3.1	0.7
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	195	160	30	1.7	2.8	0.5
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,435	1,295	140	12.2	22.7	2.3
04. Architecture and related services	55	30	20	0.5	0.5	0.3
14. Engineering	285	215	70	2.4	3.8	1.2
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	235	210	25	2.0	3.7	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	400	395	0	3.4	6.9	0.0
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	320	315	0	2.7	5.5	0.0
48. Precision production	140	140	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	155	100	60	1.3	1.8	1.0
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	90	45	45	0.8	0.8	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	55	10	0.5	1.0	0.2
Health and related fields	1,115	210	905	9.5	3.7	15.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	155	90	60	1.3	1.6	1.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	965	120	845	8.2	2.1	14.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	505	270	235	4.3	4.7	3.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	300	95	195	2.6	1.7	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	50	35	20	0.4	0.6	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	140	125	15	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,745	5,710	6,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,965	2,005	1,950	33.8	35.1	32.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	7,780	3,700	4,080	66.2	64.8	67.7
Location of study inside Canada	6,385	3,055	3,330	54.4	53.5	55.2
Same as province or territory of residence	5,435	2,615	2,815	46.3	45.8	46.7
Different than province or territory of residence	950	440	510	8.1	7.7	8.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,390	645	750	11.8	11.3	12.4
Americas	305	145	160	2.6	2.5	2.7
United States of America	225	115	110	1.9	2.0	1.8
Mexico	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Europe	305	170	135	2.6	3.0	2.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Germany	15	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ukraine	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
United Kingdom⁸⁷	120	60	60	1.0	1.1	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	55	35	15	0.5	0.6	0.2
Africa	25	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Asia	710	285	425	6.0	5.0	7.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	200	80	120	1.7	1.4	2.0
Taiwan	30	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	50	20	35	0.4	0.4	0.6
Japan	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	220	85	135	1.9	1.5	2.2
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	105	50	55	0.9	0.9	0.9
Pakistan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Asia	20	20	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Oceania	50	30	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Australia	40	25	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	19,280	9,255	10,025	...	...	...
In the labour force	12,235	6,305	5,935	...	...	...
Employed	11,450	5,950	5,505	...	...	...
Unemployed	785	355	430	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	7,045	2,950	4,090	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.5	68.1	59.2	63.5	68.1	59.2
Employment rate	59.4	64.3	54.9	59.4	64.3	54.9
Unemployment rate	6.4	5.6	7.2	6.4	5.6	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	19,280	9,255	10,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	6,855	2,870	3,980	35.6	31.0	39.7
Worked	12,425	6,385	6,040	64.4	69.0	60.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	6,750	3,975	2,780	35.0	42.9	27.7
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,675	2,410	3,265	29.4	26.0	32.6
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.9	43.3	40.4	41.9	43.3	40.4
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	12,240	6,305	5,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	80	120	1.6	1.3	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	12,035	6,220	5,810	98.3	98.7	97.9
Employee	10,180	5,110	5,075	83.2	81.0	85.5
Permanent position	8,775	4,540	4,240	71.7	72.0	71.4
Temporary position	1,405	570	835	11.5	9.0	14.1
Fixed term (1 year or more)	400	160	235	3.3	2.5	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,010	405	605	8.3	6.4	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,855	1,110	745	15.2	17.6	12.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	12,240	6,305	5,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	80	120	1.6	1.3	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	12,035	6,220	5,810	98.3	98.7	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	175	140	35	1.4	2.2	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,220	665	1,550	18.1	10.5	26.1
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	820	655	165	6.7	10.4	2.8
3 Health occupations	795	120	675	6.5	1.9	11.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,640	490	1,150	13.4	7.8	19.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	540	280	260	4.4	4.4	4.4
6 Sales and service occupations	2,770	1,195	1,575	22.6	19.0	26.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,475	2,245	230	20.2	35.6	3.9
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	225	130	90	1.8	2.1	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	385	300	85	3.1	4.8	1.4
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	12,240	6,305	5,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	200	80	120	1.6	1.3	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	12,035	6,220	5,810	98.3	98.7	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	215	105	110	1.8	1.7	1.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	25	25	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
22 Utilities	85	70	10	0.7	1.1	0.2
23 Construction	960	810	150	7.8	12.8	2.5
31-33 Manufacturing	780	590	195	6.4	9.4	3.3
41 Wholesale trade	460	305	155	3.8	4.8	2.6
44-45 Retail trade	1,265	680	590	10.3	10.8	9.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	1,060	755	300	8.7	12.0	5.1
51 Information and cultural industries	280	170	115	2.3	2.7	1.9
52 Finance and insurance	555	240	315	4.5	3.8	5.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	265	190	80	2.2	3.0	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,025	540	485	8.4	8.6	8.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	35	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	415	255	160	3.4	4.0	2.7
61 Educational services	1,110	335	770	9.1	5.3	13.0
62 Health care and social assistance	1,305	160	1,145	10.7	2.5	19.3
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	305	175	135	2.5	2.8	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	575	185	390	4.7	2.9	6.6
81 Other services (except public administration)	515	205	305	4.2	3.3	5.1
91 Public administration	795	410	385	6.5	6.5	6.5
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	13,185	6,755	6,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,410	6,385	6,025	94.1	94.5	93.6
French	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	135	75	55	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	135	75	55	1.0	1.1	0.9
English and French	95	30	65	0.7	0.4	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	515	250	270	3.9	3.7	4.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	13,185	6,755	6,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	13,070	6,700	6,370	99.1	99.2	98.9
Official languages	12,820	6,570	6,255	97.2	97.3	97.1
English	12,795	6,565	6,235	97.0	97.2	96.8
French	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	245	130	120	1.9	1.9	1.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	245	130	120	1.9	1.9	1.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	45	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	40	35	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	40	35	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	40	35	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	160	85	75	1.2	1.3	1.2
Chinese languages	160	85	75	1.2	1.3	1.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	105	55	45	0.8	0.8	0.7
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	20	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	115	55	65	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	110	50	60	0.8	0.7	0.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	13,185	6,755	6,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,650	6,510	6,140	95.9	96.4	95.3
English	85	40	45	0.6	0.6	0.7
French	80	20	55	0.6	0.3	0.9
Non-official language	275	150	120	2.1	2.2	1.9
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	275	150	120	2.1	2.2	1.9
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	20	50	0.6	0.3	0.8
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	11,450	5,950	5,500	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,540	1,115	1,425	22.2	18.7	25.9
Worked outside Canada	50	15	35	0.4	0.3	0.6
No fixed workplace address	1,580	1,245	340	13.8	20.9	6.2
Usual place of work	7,280	3,575	3,710	63.6	60.1	67.5
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,285	3,575	3,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	3,340	1,470	1,875	45.8	41.1	50.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,855	2,045	1,810	52.9	57.2	48.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	75	60	15	1.0	1.7	0.4
Commute to a different province or territory	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	8,865	4,820	4,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,505	4,200	3,310	84.7	87.1	81.8
Car, truck or van - as a driver	6,995	4,035	2,955	78.9	83.7	73.1
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	515	165	350	5.8	3.4	8.7
Public transit	580	235	345	6.5	4.9	8.5
Walked	450	165	285	5.1	3.4	7.0
Bicycle	130	90	40	1.5	1.9	1.0
Other method	200	130	70	2.3	2.7	1.7
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	8,865	4,820	4,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	2,545	1,100	1,445	28.7	22.8	35.7
15 to 29 minutes	3,065	1,805	1,260	34.6	37.4	31.1
30 to 44 minutes	2,100	1,260	840	23.7	26.1	20.8
45 to 59 minutes	710	420	295	8.0	8.7	7.3
60 minutes and over	435	235	200	4.9	4.9	4.9
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	8,865	4,820	4,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	690	485	200	7.8	10.1	4.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,725	1,140	590	19.5	23.7	14.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,065	1,065	1,000	23.3	22.1	24.7
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,760	820	935	19.9	17.0	23.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,370	555	820	15.5	11.5	20.3
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,255	755	505	14.2	15.7	12.5
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,500	2,300	2,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	220	125	95	4.9	5.4	4.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,285	2,175	2,105	95.2	94.6	95.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,335	1,715	1,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	170	100	70	5.1	5.8	4.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	60	30	30	1.8	1.7	1.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	110	65	40	3.3	3.8	2.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,170	1,615	1,550	95.1	94.2	95.4

Symbol legend

...
not applicable

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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