Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SummerlandMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	9,860	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	9,466^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.2	...	...	4.2	...	...
Total private dwellings²	4,471	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	4,224	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	623.0	...	...	623.0	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	15.83	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	9,860	4,645	5,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	1,290	630	665	13.1	13.6	12.8
0 to 4 years	400	205	195	4.1	4.4	3.7
5 to 9 years	425	195	235	4.3	4.2	4.5
10 to 14 years	465	230	230	4.7	5.0	4.4
15 to 64 years	5,340	2,515	2,825	54.2	54.1	54.2
15 to 19 years	465	220	240	4.7	4.7	4.6
20 to 24 years	305	150	155	3.1	3.2	3.0
25 to 29 years	325	165	160	3.3	3.6	3.1
30 to 34 years	435	195	240	4.4	4.2	4.6
35 to 39 years	560	285	275	5.7	6.1	5.3
40 to 44 years	520	245	280	5.3	5.3	5.4
45 to 49 years	525	250	275	5.3	5.4	5.3
50 to 54 years	505	250	260	5.1	5.4	5.0
55 to 59 years	795	355	440	8.1	7.6	8.4
60 to 64 years	900	395	500	9.1	8.5	9.6
65 years and over	3,230	1,505	1,720	32.8	32.4	33.0
65 to 69 years	970	440	530	9.8	9.5	10.2
70 to 74 years	855	410	445	8.7	8.8	8.5
75 to 79 years	570	285	285	5.8	6.1	5.5
80 to 84 years	415	190	220	4.2	4.1	4.2
85 years and over	420	180	240	4.3	3.9	4.6
85 to 89 years	245	125	120	2.5	2.7	2.3
90 to 94 years	145	45	95	1.5	1.0	1.8
95 to 99 years	30	10	25	0.3	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.1	13.6	12.8	13.1	13.6	12.8
15 to 64 years	54.2	54.1	54.2	54.2	54.1	54.2
65 years and over	32.8	32.4	33.0	32.8	32.4	33.0
85 years and over	4.3	3.9	4.6	4.3	3.9	4.6
Average age of the population	49.5	49.0	50.0	49.5	49.0	50.0
Median age of the population	54.8	53.6	56.0	54.8	53.6	56.0
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	4,220	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	2,835	...	...	67.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	155	...	...	3.7	...	...
Row house	320	...	...	7.6	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	205	...	...	4.9	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	565	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	105	...	...	2.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	1,225	...	...	29.0	...	...
2 persons	1,795	...	...	42.5	...	...
3 persons	495	...	...	11.7	...	...
4 persons	455	...	...	10.8	...	...
5 or more persons	255	...	...	6.0	...	...
Number of persons in private households	9,515	4,470	5,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	8,570	4,020	4,550	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	5,420	2,705	2,715	63.2	67.3	59.7
Married	4,565	2,285	2,280	53.3	56.8	50.1
Living common-law	860	425	430	10.0	10.6	9.5
Living common law - Never married	520	270	250	6.1	6.7	5.5
Living common law - Separated	40	15	25	0.5	0.4	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	260	130	135	3.0	3.2	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	3,145	1,310	1,840	36.7	32.6	40.4
Not married and not living common law - Never married	1,530	805	730	17.9	20.0	16.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	215	95	125	2.5	2.4	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	730	275	455	8.5	6.8	10.0
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	670	140	530	7.8	3.5	11.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	2,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	1,895	...	...	64.0	...	...
3 persons	470	...	...	15.9	...	...
4 persons	425	...	...	14.4	...	...
5 or more persons	165	...	...	5.6	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	2,960	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	2,615	...	...	88.3	...	...
Married couples	2,190	...	...	74.0	...	...
With children⁶	800	...	...	27.0	...	...
Without children	1,390	...	...	47.0	...	...
Common-law couples	425	...	...	14.4	...	...
With children⁶	125	...	...	4.2	...	...
Without children	295	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total one-parent families	345	...	...	11.7	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	270	...	...	9.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	70	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	9,515	4,470	5,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	7,775	3,800	3,980	81.7	85.0	78.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	5,230	2,605	2,620	55.0	58.3	51.9
Parents in one-parent families	345	75	270	3.6	1.7	5.4
Children⁶	2,200	1,115	1,090	23.1	24.9	21.6
In a two-parent family	1,690	835	855	17.8	18.7	16.9
In a one-parent family	510	275	235	5.4	6.2	4.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	1,735	670	1,065	18.2	15.0	21.1
Living alone	1,225	445	780	12.9	10.0	15.5
Living with other relatives⁷	215	75	145	2.3	1.7	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	300	150	145	3.2	3.4	2.9
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	2,600	...	...	61.5	...	...
Couple-family households	2,355	...	...	55.7	...	...
With children⁶	810	...	...	19.2	...	...
Without children	1,540	...	...	36.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	245	...	...	5.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	100	...	...	2.4	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	30	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	160	...	...	3.8	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	115	...	...	2.7	...	...
One-person households	1,225	...	...	29.0	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	8,225	3,840	4,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,095	3,770	4,320	98.4	98.2	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	47,200	35,200	40,000	47,200	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,100	3,775	4,325	98.5	98.3	98.6
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	42,800	32,800	36,800	42,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,415	3,485	3,925	90.2	90.8	89.5
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,800	39,200	24,800	30,800	39,200	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,095	2,520	2,580	61.9	65.6	58.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,000	27,800	32,400	40,000	27,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	6,890	3,065	3,830	83.8	79.8	87.3
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,400	13,700	13,200	13,400	13,700	13,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	755	340	420	9.2	8.9	9.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,440	5,760	5,000	5,440	5,760	5,000
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,745	775	970	21.2	20.2	22.1
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	8,145	3,795	4,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,985	3,705	4,280	98.0	97.6	98.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,500	58,300	45,600	51,500	58,300	45,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,990	3,705	4,280	98.1	97.6	98.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,280	49,120	40,120	44,280	49,120	40,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,365	3,420	3,940	90.4	90.1	90.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,080	52,250	37,000	44,080	52,250	37,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,060	2,465	2,590	62.1	65.0	59.5
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,920	53,250	37,000	44,920	53,250	37,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	6,825	3,030	3,790	83.8	79.8	87.0
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,680	12,240	13,040	12,680	12,240	13,040
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	750	300	450	9.2	7.9	10.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	7,100	6,760	6,900	7,100	6,760
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,690	770	920	20.7	20.3	21.1
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,570	7,580	9,400	8,570	7,580	9,400
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	8,150	3,795	4,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,965	1,080	890	24.1	28.5	20.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,200	66,500	60,000	63,200	66,500	60,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	70,500	76,400	63,200	70,500	76,400	63,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,440	1,120	1,320	29.9	29.5	30.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	17,400	23,000	13,600	17,400	23,000	13,600
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	31,720	39,200	25,360	31,720	39,200	25,360
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	79.0	82.8	74.6	79.0	82.8	74.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.3	60.9	49.1	55.3	60.9	49.1
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.0	17.2	25.3	21.0	17.2	25.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.0	1.6	1.3	1.0	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.6	3.5	5.8	4.6	3.5	5.8
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.5	2.7	4.4	3.5	2.7	4.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	8,230	3,840	4,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	135	70	60	1.6	1.8	1.4
With total income	8,095	3,775	4,320	98.4	98.3	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	610	255	360	7.5	6.8	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	945	360	580	11.7	9.5	13.4
$20,000 to $29,999	1,350	515	830	16.7	13.6	19.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,135	450	685	14.0	11.9	15.9
$40,000 to $49,999	990	445	545	12.2	11.8	12.6
$50,000 to $59,999	770	375	395	9.5	9.9	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	620	310	305	7.7	8.2	7.1
$70,000 to $79,999	445	265	180	5.5	7.0	4.2
$80,000 to $89,999	335	200	135	4.1	5.3	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	220	120	95	2.7	3.2	2.2
$100,000 and over	680	475	205	8.4	12.6	4.7
$100,000 to $149,999	485	330	155	6.0	8.7	3.6
$150,000 and over	200	140	55	2.5	3.7	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	8,230	3,840	4,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	130	65	60	1.6	1.7	1.4
With after-tax income	8,095	3,775	4,320	98.4	98.3	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	655	265	390	8.1	7.0	9.0
$10,000 to $19,999	990	380	610	12.2	10.1	14.1
$20,000 to $29,999	1,470	560	910	18.2	14.8	21.1
$30,000 to $39,999	1,325	545	780	16.4	14.4	18.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,115	525	590	13.8	13.9	13.7
$50,000 to $59,999	805	410	400	9.9	10.9	9.3
$60,000 to $69,999	570	340	225	7.0	9.0	5.2
$70,000 to $79,999	395	225	165	4.9	6.0	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	265	160	100	3.3	4.2	2.3
$90,000 to $99,999	140	105	40	1.7	2.8	0.9
$100,000 and over	370	260	110	4.6	6.9	2.5
$100,000 to $124,999	200	140	60	2.5	3.7	1.4
$125,000 and over	170	115	50	2.1	3.0	1.2
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	8,230	3,840	4,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	3,130	1,325	1,805	38.0	34.5	41.2
With employment income	5,095	2,515	2,575	61.9	65.5	58.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	905	430	475	17.8	17.1	18.4
$5,000 to $9,999	465	190	275	9.1	7.6	10.7
$10,000 to $19,999	580	250	335	11.4	9.9	13.0
$20,000 to $29,999	485	190	295	9.5	7.6	11.5
$30,000 to $39,999	465	190	275	9.1	7.6	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	435	200	235	8.5	8.0	9.1
$50,000 to $59,999	385	175	210	7.6	7.0	8.2
$60,000 to $69,999	330	190	145	6.5	7.6	5.6
$70,000 to $79,999	250	160	90	4.9	6.4	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	195	110	80	3.8	4.4	3.1
$90,000 to $99,999	155	85	65	3.0	3.4	2.5
$100,000 and over	430	325	100	8.4	12.9	3.9
$100,000 to $124,999	210	150	55	4.1	6.0	2.1
$125,000 and over	220	180	45	4.3	7.2	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	8,225	3,840	4,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,945	3,695	4,250	96.6	96.2	96.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	46,000	33,200	38,400	46,000	33,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,970	3,700	4,270	96.9	96.4	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	40,800	30,000	34,400	40,800	30,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	7,370	3,460	3,915	89.6	90.1	89.3
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	40,800	26,200	32,400	40,800	26,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,510	2,660	2,855	67.0	69.3	65.1
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,600	40,000	25,400	30,600	40,000	25,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	5,760	2,425	3,335	70.0	63.2	76.1
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,700	13,500	10,700	11,700	13,500	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	620	260	355	7.5	6.8	8.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,200	5,720	5,520	5,200	5,720
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	8,145	3,795	4,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,895	3,655	4,240	96.9	96.3	97.4
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,320	57,350	42,400	49,320	57,350	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,910	3,665	4,250	97.1	96.6	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,640	47,560	36,560	41,640	47,560	36,560
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	7,330	3,400	3,925	90.0	89.6	90.1
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,520	53,650	36,560	44,520	53,650	36,560
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,395	2,580	2,815	66.2	68.0	64.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,760	52,850	33,520	42,760	52,850	33,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,685	2,375	3,310	69.8	62.6	76.0
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,160	11,490	10,920	11,160	11,490	10,920
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	610	250	360	7.5	6.6	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,200	6,240	7,840	7,200	6,240	7,840
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	8,150	3,795	4,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	1,945	1,065	880	23.9	28.1	20.2
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	66,500	55,600	60,800	66,500	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,100	75,200	57,400	67,100	75,200	57,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	2,315	1,065	1,250	28.4	28.1	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	22,000	29,000	19,200	22,000	29,000	19,200
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,240	43,900	26,000	34,240	43,900	26,000
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.8	87.0	79.8	83.8	87.0	79.8
Employment income (%)	59.3	65.0	52.5	59.3	65.0	52.5
Government transfers (%)	16.3	13.0	20.1	16.3	13.0	20.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.7	1.6	1.1	0.7	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	4,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	1,225	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	35,600	...	...	35,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	3,000	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	98,000	...	...	98,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	4,225	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	97,300	...	...	97,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	83,800	...	...	83,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	1,255	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,100	...	...	47,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,800	...	...	41,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	2,975	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	118,400	...	...	118,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	101,500	...	...	101,500	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	30	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	35	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	70	...	...	1.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	220	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	130	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	150	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	175	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	155	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	180	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	345	...	...	8.2	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	340	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	315	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	285	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	230	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,545	...	...	36.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	515	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	355	...	...	8.4	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	380	...	...	9.0	...	...
$200,000 and over	300	...	...	7.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	40	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	30	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	75	...	...	1.8	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	220	...	...	5.2	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	150	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	180	...	...	4.3	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	190	...	...	4.5	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	200	...	...	4.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	190	...	...	4.5	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	410	...	...	9.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	380	...	...	9.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	360	...	...	8.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	290	...	...	6.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	265	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	1,235	...	...	29.2	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	515	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	290	...	...	6.9	...	...
$150,000 and over	435	...	...	10.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	2,930	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	1,590	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	945	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,000	...	...	132,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	315	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	1,525	595	920	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	40,800	36,400	37,200	40,800	36,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,200	37,600	34,400	35,200	37,600	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	2,910	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,600	...	...	116,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	99,800	...	...	99,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,570	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	150,400	...	...	150,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,600	...	...	126,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	330	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	77,200	...	...	77,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	1,530	565	965	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,680	46,000	47,100	46,680	46,000	47,100
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	41,400	40,800	41,800	41,400	40,800	41,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	9,515	4,470	5,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	1,575	770	805	16.6	17.2	16.0
0 to 5 years	495	245	250	5.2	5.5	5.0
18 to 64 years	4,950	2,315	2,640	52.0	51.8	52.3
65 years and over	2,985	1,385	1,600	31.4	31.0	31.7
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	810	340	465	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	100	50	50	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	20	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	330	155	180	...	...	...
65 years and over	380	140	240	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.5	7.7	9.2	8.5	7.7	9.2
0 to 17 years (%)	6.3	6.6	6.0	6.3	6.6	6.0
0 to 5 years (%)	6.0	7.0	5.0	6.0	7.0	5.0
18 to 64 years (%)	6.7	6.6	6.8	6.7	6.6	6.8
65 years and over (%)	12.7	10.2	15.0	12.7	10.2	15.0
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	9,515	4,470	5,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	1,580	765	810	16.6	17.1	16.1
0 to 5 years	495	245	250	5.2	5.5	5.0
18 to 64 years	4,955	2,310	2,640	52.1	51.7	52.3
65 years and over	2,985	1,390	1,595	31.4	31.1	31.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	205	100	105	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	35	20	15	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	5	0	5	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	135	65	65	...	...	...
65 years and over	35	15	20	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	2.2	2.3	2.0	2.2	2.3	2.0
0 to 17 years (%)	2.2	2.6	1.8	2.2	2.6	1.8
0 to 5 years (%)	1.2	x	x	1.2	x	x
18 to 64 years (%)	2.7	2.9	2.5	2.7	2.9	2.5
65 years and over (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	9,515	4,470	5,045	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	4,690	2,130	2,560	49.3	47.7	50.7
In bottom decile	705	305	400	7.4	6.8	7.9
In second decile	925	395	525	9.7	8.8	10.4
In third decile	980	440	540	10.3	9.8	10.7
In fourth decile	1,080	520	560	11.4	11.6	11.1
In fifth decile	1,000	465	530	10.5	10.4	10.5
In top half of the distribution	4,825	2,340	2,490	50.7	52.3	49.4
In sixth decile	1,150	545	605	12.1	12.2	12.0
In seventh decile	960	450	515	10.1	10.1	10.2
In eighth decile	1,035	515	525	10.9	11.5	10.4
In ninth decile	890	440	450	9.4	9.8	8.9
In top decile	790	390	395	8.3	8.7	7.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	9,515	...	...	9,515	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	...	...	0.448	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.284	...	...	0.284	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	9,690	4,595	5,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	8,965	4,310	4,655	92.5	93.8	91.4
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	700	270	435	7.2	5.9	8.5
Neither English nor French	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	9,690	4,595	5,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,540	4,520	5,020	98.5	98.4	98.5
French	110	60	50	1.1	1.3	1.0
English and French	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	25	10	10	0.3	0.2	0.2
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	9,690	4,595	5,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,585	4,555	5,030	98.9	99.1	98.7
Official languages	8,760	4,185	4,575	90.4	91.1	89.8
English	8,640	4,120	4,520	89.2	89.7	88.7
French	120	65	55	1.2	1.4	1.1
Non-official languages	825	370	455	8.5	8.1	8.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	825	370	455	8.5	8.1	8.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	15	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	15	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	15	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	50	15	40	0.5	0.3	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	610	290	325	6.3	6.3	6.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	85	30	55	0.9	0.7	1.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	85	35	55	0.9	0.8	1.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Russian	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	330	155	170	3.4	3.4	3.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	210	100	115	2.2	2.2	2.3
German	205	95	110	2.1	2.1	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	40	40	0.9	0.9	0.8
Afrikaans	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dutch	70	30	35	0.7	0.7	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Danish	20	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Swedish	10	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	100	50	45	1.0	1.1	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	100	50	45	1.0	1.1	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	10	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	85	40	40	0.9	0.9	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	95	45	50	1.0	1.0	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	25	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korean	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Chinese languages	25	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	5	15	0.2	0.1	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	20	25	0.6	0.4	0.5
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	5	15	0.2	0.1	0.3
Hungarian	35	15	15	0.4	0.3	0.3
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	105	45	60	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	65	25	40	0.7	0.5	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	9,690	4,595	5,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,025	4,300	4,725	93.1	93.6	92.7
French	10	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Non-official language	110	55	50	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	110	55	50	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and French	80	30	55	0.8	0.7	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	445	200	250	4.6	4.4	4.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	9,690	4,595	5,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	9,615	4,565	5,045	99.2	99.3	99.0
Official languages	9,375	4,450	4,925	96.7	96.8	96.7
English	9,350	4,440	4,915	96.5	96.6	96.5
French	20	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-official languages	240	115	125	2.5	2.5	2.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	240	115	125	2.5	2.5	2.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	5	5	0.0	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	180	90	90	1.9	2.0	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	20	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	50	25	20	0.5	0.5	0.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	35	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
German	35	20	20	0.4	0.4	0.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	15	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	10	5	0.1	0.2	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	35	45	0.8	0.8	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	80	35	45	0.8	0.8	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	30	40	0.7	0.7	0.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	30	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	15	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	15	10	5	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	5	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	75	30	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
English and French	10	5	10	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	65	25	35	0.7	0.5	0.7
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	9,690	4,600	5,095	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	9,210	4,385	4,820	95.0	95.3	94.6
English	125	55	65	1.3	1.2	1.3
French	65	25	35	0.7	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	255	115	140	2.6	2.5	2.7
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	255	115	140	2.6	2.5	2.7
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	15	5	5	0.2	0.1	0.1
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
French	715	270	450	7.6	6.1	9.0
Non-official languages	1,035	435	600	11.0	9.8	12.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,035	435	600	11.0	9.8	12.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	40	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	810	370	445	8.6	8.4	8.9
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	150	55	95	1.6	1.2	1.9
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	150	55	95	1.6	1.2	1.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	40	20	25	0.4	0.5	0.5
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	35	10	25	0.4	0.2	0.5
Russian	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	35	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	350	145	205	3.7	3.3	4.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	250	105	150	2.6	2.4	3.0
German	250	105	150	2.6	2.4	3.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	95	40	55	1.0	0.9	1.1
Afrikaans	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Dutch	75	25	55	0.8	0.6	1.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	105	55	50	1.1	1.2	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	100	55	45	1.1	1.2	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	75	40	35	0.8	0.9	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	215	110	105	2.3	2.5	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	55	20	35	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	150	80	70	1.6	1.8	1.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.7
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.4
American Sign Language	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	45	20	30	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	45	20	30	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	15	40	0.5	0.3	0.8
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	25	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.3
Hungarian	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	455	200	255	4.8	4.5	5.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	440	195	240	4.7	4.4	4.8
First Nations (North American Indian)	170	85	85	1.8	1.9	1.7
Métis	265	105	155	2.8	2.4	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	8,975	4,220	4,755	95.1	95.4	94.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	125	55	70	1.3	1.2	1.4
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	9,315	4,375	4,940	98.7	98.9	98.6
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	3,450	...	...	81.7	...	...
Renter	775	...	...	18.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	680	...	...	16.1	...	...
Not condominium	3,545	...	...	83.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	10	...	...	0.2	...	...
1 bedroom	340	...	...	8.0	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,245	...	...	29.5	...	...
3 bedrooms	1,395	...	...	33.0	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	1,230	...	...	29.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	825	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 rooms	650	...	...	15.4	...	...
6 rooms	715	...	...	16.9	...	...
7 rooms	565	...	...	13.4	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,470	...	...	34.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.7	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	4,190	...	...	99.2	...	...
More than one person per room	35	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	4,140	...	...	98.0	...	...
Not suitable	85	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	735	...	...	17.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	1,330	...	...	31.5	...	...
1981 to 1990	665	...	...	15.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	735	...	...	17.4	...	...
2001 to 2005	100	...	...	2.4	...	...
2006 to 2010	220	...	...	5.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	170	...	...	4.0	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	270	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	3,965	...	...	93.8	...	...
Major repairs needed	255	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	2,015	...	...	47.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	2,050	...	...	48.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	155	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	20	...	...	0.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	295	...	...	7.0	...	...
35 to 44 years	475	...	...	11.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	625	...	...	14.8	...	...
55 to 64 years	960	...	...	22.7	...	...
65 to 74 years	1,015	...	...	24.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	605	...	...	14.3	...	...
85 years and over	230	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	4,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	3,300	...	...	79.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	850	...	...	20.5	...	...
30% to less than 100%	785	...	...	18.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	4,225	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	1,120	...	...	26.5	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	770	...	...	18.2	...	...
Not suitable only	70	...	...	1.7	...	...
Major repairs needed only	195	...	...	4.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	15	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	65	...	...	1.5	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	3,110	...	...	73.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	4,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	260	...	...	6.4	...	...
Not in core need	3,820	...	...	93.6	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,390	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	50.7	...	...	50.7	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.5	...	...	14.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.1	...	...	3.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	910	...	...	910	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,257	...	...	1,257	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	682,000	...	...	682,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	780	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	47.4	...	...	47.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	21.5	...	...	21.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,260	...	...	1,260	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,348	...	...	1,348	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	9,440	4,420	5,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	115	50	70	1.2	1.1	1.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	115	50	70	1.2	1.1	1.4
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	80	35	40	0.8	0.8	0.8
Métis single ancestry	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	385	160	225	4.1	3.6	4.5
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	365	145	220	3.9	3.3	4.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	230	95	135	2.4	2.1	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	130	45	85	1.4	1.0	1.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	20	15	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	8,935	4,215	4,720	94.7	95.4	94.1
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	9,165	4,295	4,870	97.1	97.1	97.2
Canadian citizens aged under 18	1,510	740	770	16.0	16.7	15.4
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	7,645	3,550	4,100	81.0	80.2	81.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	270	130	140	2.9	2.9	2.8
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	8,275	3,930	4,350	87.7	88.8	86.8
Immigrants⁸¹	1,120	475	645	11.9	10.7	12.9
Before 1980	590	260	335	6.3	5.9	6.7
1980 to 1990	180	65	115	1.9	1.5	2.3
1991 to 2000	115	50	65	1.2	1.1	1.3
2001 to 2010	100	40	50	1.1	0.9	1.0
2011 to 2021⁸²	135	60	80	1.4	1.4	1.6
2011 to 2015	40	10	30	0.4	0.2	0.6
2016 to 2021	100	50	50	1.1	1.1	1.0
Non-permanent residents⁸³	40	25	15	0.4	0.6	0.3
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	1,120	475	645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	125	50	75	11.2	10.5	11.6
5 to 14 years	245	135	115	21.9	28.4	17.8
15 to 24 years	280	105	180	25.0	22.1	27.9
25 to 44 years	400	160	245	35.7	33.7	38.0
45 years and over	65	30	35	5.8	6.3	5.4
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	1,120	475	645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	115	30	80	10.3	6.3	12.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	0	10	1.3	0.0	1.6
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	70	15	50	6.3	3.2	7.8
Other places of birth in Americas	20	10	10	1.8	2.1	1.6
Europe	775	345	430	69.2	72.6	66.7
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	25	15	10	2.2	3.2	1.6
France	10	0	0	0.9	0.0	0.0
Germany	75	25	45	6.7	5.3	7.0
Greece	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	25	10	20	2.2	2.1	3.1
Italy	25	15	10	2.2	3.2	1.6
Netherlands	75	20	55	6.7	4.2	8.5
Poland	35	10	25	3.1	2.1	3.9
Portugal	10	10	0	0.9	2.1	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	0.9	0.0	1.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	360	175	180	32.1	36.8	27.9
Other places of birth in Europe	110	45	70	9.8	9.5	10.9
Africa	25	20	10	2.2	4.2	1.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	15	10	1.8	3.2	1.6
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	190	70	125	17.0	14.7	19.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	0	10	1.8	0.0	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	10	1.8	0.0	1.6
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	35	15	20	3.1	3.2	3.1
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	25	30	5.4	5.3	4.7
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	40	10	25	3.6	2.1	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	20	10	10	1.8	2.1	1.6
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	100	50	50	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	15	10	10	15.0	20.0	20.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	25	20	0	25.0	40.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	10	0	15.0	20.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	10	0	0	10.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	50	20	30	50.0	40.0	60.0
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	0	10.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	20	0	15	20.0	0.0	30.0
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	1,290	550	740	13.7	12.4	14.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	1,820	835	980	19.3	18.9	19.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	6,330	3,035	3,295	67.1	68.6	65.8
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	530	215	310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	240	115	120	45.3	53.5	38.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	105	60	50	19.8	27.9	16.1
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	130	55	75	24.5	25.6	24.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	240	90	155	45.3	41.9	50.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	40	10	30	7.5	4.7	9.7
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	530	215	310	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	115	45	70	21.7	20.9	22.6
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	20	0	15	3.8	0.0	4.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	25	0	15	4.7	0.0	4.8
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	365	160	210	68.9	74.4	67.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	560	260	295	5.9	5.9	5.9
South Asian	150	90	55	1.6	2.0	1.1
Chinese	105	45	60	1.1	1.0	1.2
Black	55	30	20	0.6	0.7	0.4
Filipino	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Arab	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Latin American	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Southeast Asian	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
West Asian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	40	55	1.0	0.9	1.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	40	0	25	0.4	0.0	0.5
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	8,880	4,160	4,715	94.1	94.0	94.1
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	1,175	595	580	12.5	13.4	11.6
English	2,865	1,340	1,525	30.4	30.3	30.4
Irish	1,640	735	905	17.4	16.6	18.1
Scottish	2,085	960	1,130	22.1	21.7	22.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	870	375	495	9.2	8.5	9.9
German	1,625	725	900	17.2	16.4	18.0
Chinese	160	70	85	1.7	1.6	1.7
Italian	370	190	180	3.9	4.3	3.6
Indian (India)	105	70	35	1.1	1.6	0.7
Ukrainian	660	275	390	7.0	6.2	7.8
Dutch	590	275	320	6.3	6.2	6.4
Polish	305	110	195	3.2	2.5	3.9
Québécois	35	15	20	0.4	0.3	0.4
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	655	335	325	6.9	7.6	6.5
Filipino	40	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
French Canadian	145	60	85	1.5	1.4	1.7
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	80	40	45	0.8	0.9	0.9
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	170	90	80	1.8	2.0	1.6
Métis	190	75	120	2.0	1.7	2.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	305	160	145	3.2	3.6	2.9
Russian	350	130	225	3.7	2.9	4.5
Norwegian	410	185	225	4.3	4.2	4.5
Welsh	320	160	160	3.4	3.6	3.2
Portuguese	60	30	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
American	210	95	110	2.2	2.1	2.2
Spanish	45	20	25	0.5	0.5	0.5
Swedish	335	155	180	3.6	3.5	3.6
Hungarian	205	75	130	2.2	1.7	2.6
Acadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	35	10	20	0.4	0.2	0.4
Jewish	35	25	10	0.4	0.6	0.2
Punjabi	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Vietnamese	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	30	25	10	0.3	0.6	0.2
Jamaican	30	15	10	0.3	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	20	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	40	15	25	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	70	30	40	0.7	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	45	35	15	0.5	0.8	0.3
Iranian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	165	95	65	1.7	2.1	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	45	15	35	0.5	0.3	0.7
Sikh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austrian	235	90	150	2.5	2.0	3.0
Belgian	85	55	30	0.9	1.2	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	15	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Mennonite	40	25	20	0.4	0.6	0.4
Swiss	95	55	35	1.0	1.2	0.7
Finnish	75	30	45	0.8	0.7	0.9
Sri Lankan	20	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Croatian	55	35	25	0.6	0.8	0.5
Japanese	85	40	50	0.9	0.9	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	105	45	65	1.1	1.0	1.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	70	40	25	0.7	0.9	0.5
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	30	20	0.5	0.7	0.4
Syrian	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	35	35	0.7	0.8	0.7
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	25	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
South African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	45	15	30	0.5	0.3	0.6
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	15	10	0	0.2	0.2	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	85	35	50	0.9	0.8	1.0
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	15	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.3
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	9,435	4,425	5,010	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	30	15	15	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian	3,855	1,650	2,205	40.9	37.3	44.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	765	345	425	8.1	7.8	8.5
Anabaptist	25	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Anglican	470	185	285	5.0	4.2	5.7
Baptist	315	150	160	3.3	3.4	3.2
Catholic	970	425	545	10.3	9.6	10.9
Christian Orthodox	60	30	30	0.6	0.7	0.6
Jehovah's Witness	115	50	65	1.2	1.1	1.3
Latter Day Saints	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Lutheran	210	85	130	2.2	1.9	2.6
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	20	15	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	85	40	50	0.9	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	35	0	30	0.4	0.0	0.6
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	485	185	300	5.1	4.2	6.0
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	280	135	150	3.0	3.1	3.0
Hindu	20	10	15	0.2	0.2	0.3
Jewish	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sikh	60	40	20	0.6	0.9	0.4
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other religions and spiritual traditions	45	0	45	0.5	0.0	0.9
No religion and secular perspectives	5,420	2,700	2,720	57.4	61.0	54.3
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	9,385	4,405	4,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	8,180	3,870	4,305	87.2	87.9	86.4
Movers	1,200	530	675	12.8	12.0	13.6
Non-migrants	355	170	185	3.8	3.9	3.7
Migrants	850	360	485	9.1	8.2	9.7
Internal migrants	810	335	470	8.6	7.6	9.4
Intraprovincial migrants	585	255	335	6.2	5.8	6.7
Interprovincial migrants	225	85	140	2.4	1.9	2.8
External migrants	40	20	15	0.4	0.5	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	8,970	4,200	4,770	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	5,265	2,475	2,785	58.7	58.9	58.4
Movers	3,705	1,725	1,980	41.3	41.1	41.5
Non-migrants	1,070	530	540	11.9	12.6	11.3
Migrants	2,635	1,195	1,440	29.4	28.5	30.2
Internal migrants	2,490	1,110	1,380	27.8	26.4	28.9
Intraprovincial migrants	1,875	825	1,050	20.9	19.6	22.0
Interprovincial migrants	620	285	330	6.9	6.8	6.9
External migrants	145	80	60	1.6	1.9	1.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,150	3,795	4,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,290	665	620	15.8	17.5	14.2
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	6,860	3,125	3,735	84.2	82.3	85.8
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,445	2,060	2,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	390	215	180	8.8	10.4	7.5
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	4,050	1,845	2,205	91.1	89.6	92.5
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	8,145	3,795	4,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,075	520	555	13.2	13.7	12.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	2,475	1,215	1,260	30.4	32.0	28.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	4,600	2,055	2,545	56.5	54.2	58.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,885	1,335	1,545	35.4	35.2	35.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	750	580	170	9.2	15.3	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	265	145	110	3.3	3.8	2.5
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	490	435	55	6.0	11.5	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,830	645	1,180	22.5	17.0	27.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	305	110	195	3.7	2.9	4.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,715	720	1,000	21.1	19.0	23.0
Bachelor's degree	1,090	435	655	13.4	11.5	15.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	105	50	55	1.3	1.3	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	55	35	20	0.7	0.9	0.5
Master's degree	420	175	245	5.2	4.6	5.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	45	25	20	0.6	0.7	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	4,445	2,060	2,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	310	155	155	7.0	7.5	6.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	1,225	650	570	27.6	31.6	23.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	2,915	1,255	1,660	65.6	60.9	69.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,755	795	965	39.5	38.6	40.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	450	350	100	10.1	17.0	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	150	85	65	3.4	4.1	2.7
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	300	265	35	6.7	12.9	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	1,125	370	755	25.3	18.0	31.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	185	75	110	4.2	3.6	4.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	1,155	455	695	26.0	22.1	29.1
Bachelor's degree	730	285	450	16.4	13.8	18.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	65	30	35	1.5	1.5	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	30	15	20	0.7	0.7	0.8
Master's degree	305	125	180	6.9	6.1	7.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	8,150	3,790	4,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,550	1,740	1,815	43.6	45.9	41.7
Education	520	155	370	6.4	4.1	8.5
13. Education	520	155	370	6.4	4.1	8.5
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	140	65	75	1.7	1.7	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
50. Visual and performing arts	120	50	70	1.5	1.3	1.6
Humanities	195	70	130	2.4	1.8	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	40	0	40	0.5	0.0	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	60	10	50	0.7	0.3	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	15	0.2	0.3	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	20	10	10	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	25	20	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	400	95	300	4.9	2.5	6.9
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	60	10	45	0.7	0.3	1.0
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	90	0	90	1.1	0.0	2.1
22. Legal professions and studies	45	15	30	0.6	0.4	0.7
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
42. Psychology	115	35	85	1.4	0.9	2.0
45. Social sciences	75	25	45	0.9	0.7	1.0
Business, management and public administration	835	290	545	10.2	7.7	12.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	25	85	1.3	0.7	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	725	265	460	8.9	7.0	10.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	225	110	120	2.8	2.9	2.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	60	60	1.4	1.6	1.4
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	50	10	40	0.6	0.3	0.9
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	55	35	20	0.7	0.9	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	85	50	40	1.0	1.3	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	70	50	20	0.9	1.3	0.5
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.5
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	905	840	65	11.1	22.2	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
14. Engineering	90	85	0	1.1	2.2	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	225	195	30	2.8	5.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	245	235	10	3.0	6.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	220	215	0	2.7	5.7	0.0
48. Precision production	115	115	0	1.4	3.0	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	180	120	60	2.2	3.2	1.4
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	115	70	45	1.4	1.8	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	70	55	20	0.9	1.5	0.5
Health and related fields	840	130	710	10.3	3.4	16.3
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	45	35	10	0.6	0.9	0.2
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	765	80	695	9.4	2.1	16.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	260	135	120	3.2	3.6	2.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	140	45	95	1.7	1.2	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	65	40	25	0.8	1.1	0.6
49. Transportation and materials moving	45	45	0	0.6	1.2	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	4,445	2,060	2,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	1,535	805	725	34.5	39.1	30.4
Education	305	90	215	6.9	4.4	9.0
13. Education	305	90	215	6.9	4.4	9.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	90	35	55	2.0	1.7	2.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	20	15	0	0.4	0.7	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	75	30	45	1.7	1.5	1.9
Humanities	125	45	80	2.8	2.2	3.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
23. English language and literature/letters	25	0	30	0.6	0.0	1.3
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	40	0	35	0.9	0.0	1.5
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	15	0.4	0.5	0.6
39. Theology and religious vocations	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
54. History	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	295	65	230	6.6	3.2	9.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	50	0	45	1.1	0.0	1.9
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	65	0	65	1.5	0.0	2.7
22. Legal professions and studies	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	100	25	75	2.2	1.2	3.1
45. Social sciences	40	15	25	0.9	0.7	1.0
Business, management and public administration	505	145	360	11.4	7.0	15.1
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	65	0	65	1.5	0.0	2.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	440	145	295	9.9	7.0	12.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	140	60	80	3.1	2.9	3.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	60	30	30	1.3	1.5	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	35	0	35	0.8	0.0	1.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	40	25	15	0.9	1.2	0.6
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	60	25	35	1.3	1.2	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	45	25	20	1.0	1.2	0.8
25. Library science	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	550	515	40	12.4	25.0	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
14. Engineering	70	65	0	1.6	3.2	0.0
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	105	95	15	2.4	4.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	175	170	10	3.9	8.3	0.4
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	130	120	0	2.9	5.8	0.0
48. Precision production	60	60	0	1.3	2.9	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	140	105	40	3.1	5.1	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	85	60	25	1.9	2.9	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	60	45	15	1.3	2.2	0.6
Health and related fields	530	90	440	11.9	4.4	18.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	35	30	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	480	45	435	10.8	2.2	18.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Personal, protective and transportation services	165	80	85	3.7	3.9	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	80	20	65	1.8	1.0	2.7
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	40	20	20	0.9	1.0	0.8
49. Transportation and materials moving	30	30	0	0.7	1.5	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	4,445	2,060	2,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	1,535	805	725	34.5	39.1	30.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	2,910	1,255	1,655	65.5	60.9	69.4
Location of study inside Canada	2,595	1,135	1,460	58.4	55.1	61.2
Same as province or territory of residence	1,825	755	1,070	41.1	36.7	44.9
Different than province or territory of residence	775	380	395	17.4	18.4	16.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	315	120	195	7.1	5.8	8.2
Americas	140	35	105	3.1	1.7	4.4
United States of America	130	35	95	2.9	1.7	4.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	100	60	40	2.2	2.9	1.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	35	15	1.2	1.7	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	15	10	10	0.3	0.5	0.4
Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	55	15	40	1.2	0.7	1.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania	15	0	15	0.3	0.0	0.6
Australia	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	8,145	3,795	4,355	...	...	...
In the labour force	4,325	2,190	2,135	...	...	...
Employed	3,955	1,995	1,960	...	...	...
Unemployed	370	195	175	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	3,825	1,610	2,220	...	...	...
Participation rate	53.1	57.7	49.0	53.1	57.7	49.0
Employment rate	48.6	52.6	45.0	48.6	52.6	45.0
Unemployment rate	8.6	8.9	8.2	8.6	8.9	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	8,150	3,790	4,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	3,540	1,490	2,050	43.4	39.3	47.1
Worked	4,610	2,305	2,305	56.6	60.8	52.9
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	2,015	1,105	910	24.7	29.2	20.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	2,595	1,200	1,395	31.8	31.7	32.0
Average weeks worked in reference year	38.6	39.4	37.9	38.6	39.4	37.9
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	4,320	2,185	2,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	45	15	35	1.0	0.7	1.6
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	4,275	2,175	2,100	99.0	99.5	98.4
Employee	3,390	1,660	1,725	78.5	76.0	80.8
Permanent position	2,680	1,350	1,325	62.0	61.8	62.1
Temporary position	710	310	395	16.4	14.2	18.5
Fixed term (1 year or more)	130	50	80	3.0	2.3	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	575	255	315	13.3	11.7	14.8
Self-employed¹⁹²	890	515	375	20.6	23.6	17.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	4,320	2,185	2,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	45	15	35	1.0	0.7	1.6
All occupations¹⁹¹	4,275	2,175	2,100	99.0	99.5	98.4
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	60	50	10	1.4	2.3	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	665	175	485	15.4	8.0	22.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	250	185	65	5.8	8.5	3.0
3 Health occupations	385	60	325	8.9	2.7	15.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	610	190	415	14.1	8.7	19.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	120	40	80	2.8	1.8	3.7
6 Sales and service occupations	1,040	500	540	24.1	22.9	25.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	815	730	80	18.9	33.4	3.7
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	200	150	50	4.6	6.9	2.3
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	135	85	55	3.1	3.9	2.6
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	4,320	2,185	2,135	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	45	15	35	1.0	0.7	1.6
All industries¹⁹¹	4,275	2,175	2,100	99.0	99.5	98.4
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	160	100	60	3.7	4.6	2.8
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	20	10	0	0.5	0.5	0.0
22 Utilities	20	20	0	0.5	0.9	0.0
23 Construction	450	400	50	10.4	18.3	2.3
31-33 Manufacturing	230	165	60	5.3	7.6	2.8
41 Wholesale trade	95	60	40	2.2	2.7	1.9
44-45 Retail trade	545	270	275	12.6	12.4	12.9
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	95	70	30	2.2	3.2	1.4
51 Information and cultural industries	60	30	30	1.4	1.4	1.4
52 Finance and insurance	105	30	70	2.4	1.4	3.3
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	110	60	50	2.5	2.7	2.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	330	180	145	7.6	8.2	6.8
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	190	105	85	4.4	4.8	4.0
61 Educational services	360	100	265	8.3	4.6	12.4
62 Health care and social assistance	630	125	505	14.6	5.7	23.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	85	45	35	2.0	2.1	1.6
72 Accommodation and food services	265	130	130	6.1	5.9	6.1
81 Other services (except public administration)	175	75	100	4.1	3.4	4.7
91 Public administration	350	200	155	8.1	9.2	7.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	4,905	2,450	2,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	4,825	2,415	2,415	98.4	98.6	98.6
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	45	15	25	0.9	0.6	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	30	15	15	0.6	0.6	0.6
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	4,905	2,450	2,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	4,895	2,450	2,450	99.8	100.0	100.0
Official languages	4,885	2,440	2,445	99.6	99.6	99.8
English	4,880	2,435	2,445	99.5	99.4	99.8
French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-official languages	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
English and French	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	4,905	2,450	2,450	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	4,835	2,425	2,415	98.6	99.0	98.6
English	10	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
French	30	10	20	0.6	0.4	0.8
Non-official language	15	15	10	0.3	0.6	0.4
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	15	10	0.3	0.6	0.4
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	3,955	1,995	1,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	725	350	380	18.3	17.5	19.4
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	540	400	135	13.7	20.1	6.9
Usual place of work	2,695	1,240	1,445	68.1	62.2	73.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	2,690	1,245	1,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	1,260	515	740	46.8	41.4	51.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,135	555	580	42.2	44.6	40.1
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	275	155	120	10.2	12.4	8.3
Commute to a different province or territory	20	15	0	0.7	1.2	0.0
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	3,230	1,645	1,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	2,835	1,455	1,385	87.8	88.4	87.4
Car, truck or van - as a driver	2,630	1,375	1,255	81.4	83.6	79.2
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	205	80	130	6.3	4.9	8.2
Public transit	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.9
Walked	255	130	125	7.9	7.9	7.9
Bicycle	45	20	25	1.4	1.2	1.6
Other method	80	40	40	2.5	2.4	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	3,230	1,645	1,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	1,405	625	780	43.5	38.0	49.2
15 to 29 minutes	1,205	605	600	37.3	36.8	37.9
30 to 44 minutes	330	210	115	10.2	12.8	7.3
45 to 59 minutes	160	105	55	5.0	6.4	3.5
60 minutes and over	125	100	25	3.9	6.1	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	3,230	1,645	1,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	160	125	40	5.0	7.6	2.5
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	580	395	190	18.0	24.0	12.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	900	470	430	27.9	28.6	27.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	885	355	525	27.4	21.6	33.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	410	155	255	12.7	9.4	16.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	295	150	145	9.1	9.1	9.1
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	1,605	785	825	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	90	30	55	5.6	3.8	6.7
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,520	755	770	94.7	96.2	93.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	1,180	565	615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	60	20	40	5.1	3.5	6.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	25	0	20	2.1	0.0	3.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	35	15	20	3.0	2.7	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,125	545	570	95.3	96.5	92.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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