Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	SquamishMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	22,221	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	18,902^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	17.6	...	...	17.6	...	...
Total private dwellings²	9,288	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	8,623	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,005.2	...	...	1,005.2	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	22.11	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	22,215	11,220	10,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,130	2,105	2,030	18.6	18.8	18.5
0 to 4 years	1,340	685	655	6.0	6.1	6.0
5 to 9 years	1,415	725	690	6.4	6.5	6.3
10 to 14 years	1,375	690	685	6.2	6.1	6.2
15 to 64 years	15,465	7,880	7,585	69.6	70.2	69.0
15 to 19 years	975	530	455	4.4	4.7	4.1
20 to 24 years	905	495	410	4.1	4.4	3.7
25 to 29 years	1,615	810	805	7.3	7.2	7.3
30 to 34 years	2,210	1,075	1,135	9.9	9.6	10.3
35 to 39 years	2,395	1,185	1,210	10.8	10.6	11.0
40 to 44 years	2,115	1,070	1,035	9.5	9.5	9.4
45 to 49 years	1,825	935	890	8.2	8.3	8.1
50 to 54 years	1,345	715	635	6.1	6.4	5.8
55 to 59 years	1,130	575	555	5.1	5.1	5.0
60 to 64 years	945	485	460	4.3	4.3	4.2
65 years and over	2,615	1,240	1,380	11.8	11.1	12.6
65 to 69 years	865	405	465	3.9	3.6	4.2
70 to 74 years	685	340	345	3.1	3.0	3.1
75 to 79 years	480	250	235	2.2	2.2	2.1
80 to 84 years	305	140	165	1.4	1.2	1.5
85 years and over	280	105	175	1.3	0.9	1.6
85 to 89 years	175	75	105	0.8	0.7	1.0
90 to 94 years	75	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
95 to 99 years	25	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
100 years and over	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.6	18.8	18.5	18.6	18.8	18.5
15 to 64 years	69.6	70.2	69.0	69.6	70.2	69.0
65 years and over	11.8	11.1	12.6	11.8	11.1	12.6
85 years and over	1.3	0.9	1.6	1.3	0.9	1.6
Average age of the population	37.8	37.5	38.2	37.8	37.5	38.2
Median age of the population	37.6	37.6	37.6	37.6	37.6	37.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	8,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	3,465	...	...	40.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	715	...	...	8.3	...	...
Row house	1,270	...	...	14.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	560	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	1,610	...	...	18.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	630	...	...	7.3	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	345	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	8,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	2,080	...	...	24.1	...	...
2 persons	2,885	...	...	33.4	...	...
3 persons	1,555	...	...	18.0	...	...
4 persons	1,415	...	...	16.4	...	...
5 or more persons	695	...	...	8.1	...	...
Number of persons in private households	22,030	11,150	10,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	18,085	9,115	8,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,075	5,540	5,535	61.2	60.8	61.7
Married	7,695	3,845	3,855	42.5	42.2	43.0
Living common-law	3,380	1,695	1,685	18.7	18.6	18.8
Living common law - Never married	2,860	1,450	1,410	15.8	15.9	15.7
Living common law - Separated	100	40	55	0.6	0.4	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	390	195	195	2.2	2.1	2.2
Living common law - Widowed	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	7,010	3,580	3,430	38.8	39.3	38.3
Not married and not living common law - Never married	4,965	2,800	2,170	27.5	30.7	24.2
Not married and not living common law - Separated	450	205	245	2.5	2.2	2.7
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	965	435	530	5.3	4.8	5.9
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	635	145	495	3.5	1.6	5.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,145	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	3,055	...	...	49.7	...	...
3 persons	1,375	...	...	22.4	...	...
4 persons	1,360	...	...	22.1	...	...
5 or more persons	360	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,150	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,445	...	...	88.5	...	...
Married couples	3,755	...	...	61.1	...	...
With children⁶	2,265	...	...	36.8	...	...
Without children	1,485	...	...	24.1	...	...
Common-law couples	1,685	...	...	27.4	...	...
With children⁶	550	...	...	8.9	...	...
Without children	1,140	...	...	18.5	...	...
Total one-parent families	705	...	...	11.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	515	...	...	8.4	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	190	...	...	3.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	22,030	11,150	10,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	17,550	8,800	8,750	79.7	78.9	80.4
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,885	5,445	5,445	49.4	48.8	50.0
Parents in one-parent families	705	190	515	3.2	1.7	4.7
Children⁶	5,965	3,165	2,795	27.1	28.4	25.7
In a two-parent family	4,910	2,610	2,300	22.3	23.4	21.1
In a one-parent family	1,050	555	500	4.8	5.0	4.6
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	4,480	2,345	2,130	20.3	21.0	19.6
Living alone	2,085	1,020	1,065	9.5	9.1	9.8
Living with other relatives⁷	490	210	275	2.2	1.9	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	1,910	1,115	795	8.7	10.0	7.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	8,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,085	...	...	59.0	...	...
Couple-family households	4,550	...	...	52.8	...	...
With children⁶	2,375	...	...	27.5	...	...
Without children	2,180	...	...	25.3	...	...
One-parent-family households	530	...	...	6.1	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	250	...	...	2.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	100	...	...	1.2	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	470	...	...	5.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	635	...	...	7.4	...	...
One-person households	2,080	...	...	24.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	17,895	9,045	8,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,515	8,850	8,670	97.9	97.8	97.9
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	50,400	57,600	44,400	50,400	57,600	44,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,535	8,860	8,680	98.0	98.0	98.0
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,400	40,000	44,800	50,400	40,000
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,415	8,365	8,050	91.7	92.5	90.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,200	54,800	36,800	45,200	54,800	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	14,395	7,425	6,965	80.4	82.1	78.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,600	55,200	37,200	45,600	55,200	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	13,495	6,185	7,310	75.4	68.4	82.6
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,200	7,300	9,000	8,200	7,300	9,000
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,890	850	1,035	10.6	9.4	11.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,360	4,840	5,520	5,360	4,840	5,520
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	5,245	2,485	2,760	29.3	27.5	31.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	17,920	9,055	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,535	8,870	8,665	97.9	98.0	97.7
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	62,100	71,400	52,600	62,100	71,400	52,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,545	8,875	8,670	97.9	98.0	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	51,600	57,800	45,320	51,600	57,800	45,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,405	8,410	7,995	91.5	92.9	90.1
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	58,100	68,300	47,360	58,100	68,300	47,360
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	14,425	7,485	6,940	80.5	82.7	78.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	57,350	67,000	46,960	57,350	67,000	46,960
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	13,510	6,260	7,250	75.4	69.1	81.7
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,060	9,340	10,680	10,060	9,340	10,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,865	845	1,020	10.4	9.3	11.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,900	6,010	7,640	6,900	6,010	7,640
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	5,215	2,535	2,680	29.1	28.0	30.2
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,690	8,400	8,970	8,690	8,400	8,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	17,920	9,055	8,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,110	4,085	3,020	39.7	45.1	34.1
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	70,500	76,000	62,000	70,500	76,000	62,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	80,600	88,000	70,700	80,600	88,000	70,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,940	2,795	3,140	33.1	30.9	35.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,000	28,600	21,200	24,000	28,600	21,200
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	36,160	42,240	30,760	36,160	42,240	30,760
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	87.6	90.8	83.0	87.6	90.8	83.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	76.0	79.2	71.4	76.0	79.2	71.4
Government transfers (%)²⁰	12.5	9.2	17.0	12.5	9.2	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.7	1.2	0.8	1.7
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.0	3.9	6.5	5.0	3.9	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.2	3.4	5.3	4.2	3.4	5.3
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	17,895	9,045	8,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	380	195	185	2.1	2.2	2.1
With total income	17,515	8,845	8,670	97.9	97.8	98.0
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,225	545	685	7.0	6.2	7.9
$10,000 to $19,999	1,505	630	880	8.6	7.1	10.1
$20,000 to $29,999	2,020	825	1,195	11.5	9.3	13.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,040	910	1,135	11.6	10.3	13.1
$40,000 to $49,999	1,925	860	1,065	11.0	9.7	12.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,745	845	900	10.0	9.6	10.4
$60,000 to $69,999	1,405	755	650	8.0	8.5	7.5
$70,000 to $79,999	1,225	665	565	7.0	7.5	6.5
$80,000 to $89,999	965	530	430	5.5	6.0	5.0
$90,000 to $99,999	825	470	360	4.7	5.3	4.2
$100,000 and over	2,635	1,830	805	15.0	20.7	9.3
$100,000 to $149,999	1,745	1,165	580	10.0	13.2	6.7
$150,000 and over	890	665	225	5.1	7.5	2.6
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	17,895	9,045	8,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	360	185	170	2.0	2.0	1.9
With after-tax income	17,535	8,855	8,680	98.0	97.9	98.1
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,295	570	725	7.4	6.4	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	1,575	655	920	9.0	7.4	10.6
$20,000 to $29,999	2,350	975	1,375	13.4	11.0	15.8
$30,000 to $39,999	2,475	1,135	1,340	14.1	12.8	15.4
$40,000 to $49,999	2,260	1,065	1,195	12.9	12.0	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	1,935	1,000	935	11.0	11.3	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,545	840	700	8.8	9.5	8.1
$70,000 to $79,999	1,225	670	560	7.0	7.6	6.5
$80,000 to $89,999	855	530	325	4.9	6.0	3.7
$90,000 to $99,999	540	345	195	3.1	3.9	2.2
$100,000 and over	1,475	1,065	410	8.4	12.0	4.7
$100,000 to $124,999	775	545	235	4.4	6.2	2.7
$125,000 and over	700	525	180	4.0	5.9	2.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	17,895	9,045	8,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	3,505	1,620	1,885	19.6	17.9	21.3
With employment income	14,390	7,430	6,965	80.4	82.1	78.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,520	685	835	10.6	9.2	12.0
$5,000 to $9,999	975	405	570	6.8	5.5	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,425	615	810	9.9	8.3	11.6
$20,000 to $29,999	1,235	510	730	8.6	6.9	10.5
$30,000 to $39,999	1,350	625	725	9.4	8.4	10.4
$40,000 to $49,999	1,235	570	660	8.6	7.7	9.5
$50,000 to $59,999	1,160	595	560	8.1	8.0	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,000	540	465	6.9	7.3	6.7
$70,000 to $79,999	935	535	400	6.5	7.2	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	785	425	360	5.5	5.7	5.2
$90,000 to $99,999	665	400	260	4.6	5.4	3.7
$100,000 and over	2,115	1,525	590	14.7	20.5	8.5
$100,000 to $124,999	920	630	295	6.4	8.5	4.2
$125,000 and over	1,190	895	295	8.3	12.0	4.2
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	17,895	9,045	8,855	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,110	8,615	8,500	95.6	95.2	96.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,000	56,400	40,800	48,000	56,400	40,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	17,150	8,620	8,530	95.8	95.3	96.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,000	48,800	36,800	42,000	48,800	36,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,230	8,240	7,990	90.7	91.1	90.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	46,000	54,800	38,000	46,000	54,800	38,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,560	7,465	7,100	81.4	82.5	80.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	53,200	37,200	44,800	53,200	37,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	10,250	4,250	5,995	57.3	47.0	67.7
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	3,520	1,940	4,360	3,520	1,940	4,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,375	570	800	7.7	6.3	9.0
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	4,800	6,240	5,400	4,800	6,240
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	17,920	9,055	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,150	8,640	8,510	95.7	95.4	95.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	60,150	68,400	51,750	60,150	68,400	51,750
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	17,185	8,650	8,540	95.9	95.5	96.3
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	49,240	55,300	43,120	49,240	55,300	43,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,230	8,295	7,935	90.6	91.6	89.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	58,950	67,600	49,880	58,950	67,600	49,880
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,580	7,505	7,075	81.4	82.9	79.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	56,800	65,300	47,720	56,800	65,300	47,720
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	10,190	4,195	5,995	56.9	46.3	67.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,310	7,140	7,430	7,310	7,140	7,430
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,375	590	785	7.7	6.5	8.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,330	5,780	8,500	7,330	5,780	8,500
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	17,920	9,055	8,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	6,965	3,990	2,970	38.9	44.1	33.5
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	64,500	73,000	55,600	64,500	73,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,700	83,100	68,100	76,700	83,100	68,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,705	2,695	3,010	31.8	29.8	34.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,400	38,000	28,600	32,400	38,000	28,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	43,120	49,240	37,600	43,120	49,240	37,600
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	92.8	95.0	89.8	92.8	95.0	89.8
Employment income (%)	80.2	83.0	76.6	80.2	83.0	76.6
Government transfers (%)	7.2	5.1	10.1	7.2	5.1	10.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.6	1.5	1.0	0.6	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	8,625	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	2,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,800	...	...	52,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,400	...	...	46,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,540	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	129,000	...	...	129,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	8,630	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	126,100	...	...	126,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	104,900	...	...	104,900	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	2,055	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	66,800	...	...	66,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	54,700	...	...	54,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	6,575	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	144,600	...	...	144,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	120,600	...	...	120,600	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	8,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	75	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	30	...	...	0.3	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	60	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	160	...	...	1.9	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	170	...	...	2.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	180	...	...	2.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	155	...	...	1.8	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	200	...	...	2.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	190	...	...	2.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	210	...	...	2.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	495	...	...	5.7	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	485	...	...	5.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	495	...	...	5.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	505	...	...	5.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	500	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	4,720	...	...	54.7	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,110	...	...	12.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	960	...	...	11.1	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,355	...	...	15.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,295	...	...	15.0	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	8,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	85	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	35	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	65	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	170	...	...	2.0	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	185	...	...	2.1	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	205	...	...	2.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	190	...	...	2.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	230	...	...	2.7	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	235	...	...	2.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	290	...	...	3.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	555	...	...	6.4	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	620	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	620	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	585	...	...	6.8	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	590	...	...	6.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,970	...	...	46.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,250	...	...	14.5	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	995	...	...	11.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,725	...	...	20.0	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,050	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	126,000	...	...	126,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,430	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	116,000	...	...	116,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,000	...	...	99,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,800	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,000	...	...	152,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	660	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,000	...	...	70,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	3,990	2,135	1,855	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,800	50,000	44,400	46,800	50,000	44,400
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,000	44,000	40,000	42,000	44,000	40,000
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,115	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	139,800	...	...	139,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	116,400	...	...	116,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,465	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	132,600	...	...	132,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	110,200	...	...	110,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,800	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	162,800	...	...	162,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	134,200	...	...	134,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	665	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	66,400	...	...	66,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	3,905	2,075	1,830	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	59,950	64,500	54,750	59,950	64,500	54,750
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	49,680	52,250	46,800	49,680	52,250	46,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	22,030	11,150	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,740	2,425	2,315	21.5	21.7	21.3
0 to 5 years	1,615	815	795	7.3	7.3	7.3
18 to 64 years	14,820	7,545	7,275	67.3	67.7	66.8
65 years and over	2,470	1,180	1,290	11.2	10.6	11.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	1,410	650	765	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	340	155	180	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	100	50	45	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	815	395	425	...	...	...
65 years and over	255	105	155	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	6.4	5.8	7.0	6.4	5.8	7.0
0 to 17 years (%)	7.1	6.3	7.9	7.1	6.3	7.9
0 to 5 years (%)	6.1	6.6	5.6	6.1	6.6	5.6
18 to 64 years (%)	5.5	5.2	5.8	5.5	5.2	5.8
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.6	12.2	10.5	8.6	12.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	21,620	10,950	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,640	2,385	2,255	21.5	21.8	21.1
0 to 5 years	1,585	805	780	7.3	7.4	7.3
18 to 64 years	14,545	7,400	7,140	67.3	67.6	66.9
65 years and over	2,440	1,160	1,275	11.3	10.6	11.9
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	665	350	315	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	145	75	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	45	25	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	475	250	225	...	...	...
65 years and over	45	20	30	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 17 years (%)	3.1	3.2	3.0	3.1	3.2	3.0
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.2	2.8	3.0	3.2	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.3	3.4	3.1	3.3	3.4	3.1
65 years and over (%)	2.0	1.7	2.2	2.0	1.7	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	22,030	11,150	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	8,315	4,085	4,230	37.7	36.6	38.9
In bottom decile	1,595	795	795	7.2	7.1	7.3
In second decile	1,300	595	705	5.9	5.3	6.5
In third decile	1,685	840	845	7.6	7.5	7.8
In fourth decile	1,760	875	885	8.0	7.8	8.1
In fifth decile	1,970	975	995	8.9	8.7	9.1
In top half of the distribution	13,715	7,065	6,650	62.3	63.4	61.1
In sixth decile	2,215	1,145	1,070	10.1	10.3	9.8
In seventh decile	2,450	1,245	1,205	11.1	11.2	11.1
In eighth decile	2,815	1,445	1,370	12.8	13.0	12.6
In ninth decile	3,110	1,605	1,505	14.1	14.4	13.8
In top decile	3,125	1,625	1,500	14.2	14.6	13.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	22,030	...	...	22,030	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.298	...	...	0.298	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.372	...	...	0.372	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.266	...	...	0.266	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	22,125	11,185	10,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	19,060	9,780	9,285	86.1	87.4	84.9
French only	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	2,840	1,305	1,535	12.8	11.7	14.0
Neither English nor French	210	95	115	0.9	0.8	1.1
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	22,125	11,185	10,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,135	10,715	10,415	95.5	95.8	95.2
French	700	335	365	3.2	3.0	3.3
English and French	85	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Neither English nor French	210	95	115	0.9	0.8	1.1
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	22,125	11,185	10,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,480	10,870	10,610	97.1	97.2	97.0
Official languages	18,370	9,390	8,985	83.0	84.0	82.2
English	17,655	9,040	8,610	79.8	80.8	78.7
French	710	345	365	3.2	3.1	3.3
Non-official languages	3,110	1,480	1,630	14.1	13.2	14.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,105	1,480	1,625	14.0	13.2	14.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	315	135	180	1.4	1.2	1.6
Bikol	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	250	105	145	1.1	0.9	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,290	1,120	1,170	10.4	10.0	10.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	290	125	160	1.3	1.1	1.5
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Latvian	5	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lithuanian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	275	120	150	1.2	1.1	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	65	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	35	40	0.4	0.3	0.4
Russian	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	380	190	190	1.7	1.7	1.7
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	255	125	135	1.2	1.1	1.2
German	240	115	125	1.1	1.0	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,150	570	580	5.2	5.1	5.3
Indo-Aryan languages	1,100	545	555	5.0	4.9	5.1
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,040	510	535	4.7	4.6	4.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	445	220	225	2.0	2.0	2.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Portuguese	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Romanian	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	295	155	140	1.3	1.4	1.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	120	50	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
Korean	55	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	60	75	0.7	0.5	0.7
Chinese languages	145	60	75	0.7	0.5	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	35	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	640	315	325	2.9	2.8	3.0
English and French	185	95	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	410	195	215	1.9	1.7	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	22,125	11,185	10,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,230	9,310	8,920	82.4	83.2	81.6
French	185	95	90	0.8	0.8	0.8
Non-official language	950	460	490	4.3	4.1	4.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	950	460	490	4.3	4.1	4.5
English and French	565	280	285	2.6	2.5	2.6
English and non-official language(s)	2,060	985	1,080	9.3	8.8	9.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	90	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	22,125	11,185	10,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	21,600	10,930	10,665	97.6	97.7	97.5
Official languages	19,915	10,115	9,800	90.0	90.4	89.6
English	19,615	9,960	9,650	88.7	89.0	88.2
French	305	155	150	1.4	1.4	1.4
Non-official languages	1,690	815	865	7.6	7.3	7.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,680	815	870	7.6	7.3	8.0
Afro-Asiatic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	180	85	100	0.8	0.8	0.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	155	65	85	0.7	0.6	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,275	615	660	5.8	5.5	6.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	80	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	945	455	485	4.3	4.1	4.4
Indo-Aryan languages	910	445	475	4.1	4.0	4.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	870	420	455	3.9	3.8	4.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	190	95	95	0.9	0.8	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Portuguese	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	150	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	70	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Korean	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	50	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	50	30	30	0.2	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	525	255	270	2.4	2.3	2.5
English and French	100	40	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	410	200	205	1.9	1.8	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	22,125	11,185	10,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	19,835	10,095	9,735	89.6	90.3	89.0
English	750	370	385	3.4	3.3	3.5
French	365	185	180	1.6	1.7	1.6
Non-official language	970	445	525	4.4	4.0	4.8
Indigenous³⁹	25	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous	945	440	500	4.3	3.9	4.6
English and French	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	60	25	30	0.3	0.2	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	75	35	40	0.3	0.3	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	22,085	11,195	10,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	21,875	11,085	10,785	99.0	99.0	99.0
English	21,865	11,085	10,780	99.0	99.0	99.0
French	2,885	1,350	1,535	13.1	12.1	14.1
Non-official languages	4,670	2,225	2,445	21.1	19.9	22.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Halkomelem	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	4,610	2,205	2,405	20.9	19.7	22.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	110	75	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	110	75	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	90	65	25	0.4	0.6	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	375	165	210	1.7	1.5	1.9
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	360	155	205	1.6	1.4	1.9
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,480	1,665	1,805	15.8	14.9	16.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	470	185	285	2.1	1.7	2.6
Baltic languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	445	180	265	2.0	1.6	2.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czech	155	75	80	0.7	0.7	0.7
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	105	35	70	0.5	0.3	0.6
Russian	100	45	50	0.5	0.4	0.5
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	45	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	695	350	345	3.1	3.1	3.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	505	270	230	2.3	2.4	2.1
German	495	265	230	2.2	2.4	2.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	140	80	55	0.6	0.7	0.5
Afrikaans	35	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Dutch	100	60	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	30	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
Danish	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Swedish	65	10	55	0.3	0.1	0.5
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,250	635	615	5.7	5.7	5.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,215	620	600	5.5	5.5	5.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	260	135	125	1.2	1.2	1.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,120	560	560	5.1	5.0	5.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,145	530	615	5.2	4.7	5.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	155	75	75	0.7	0.7	0.7
Portuguese	70	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Romanian	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Spanish	930	420	505	4.2	3.8	4.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	240	130	105	1.1	1.2	1.0
Korean	120	50	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
American Sign Language	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	155	45	105	0.7	0.4	1.0
Chinese languages	155	45	105	0.7	0.4	1.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	25	55	0.4	0.2	0.5
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	105	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	95	50	50	0.4	0.4	0.5
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,085	11,195	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	1,200	580	620	5.4	5.2	5.7
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	1,155	570	590	5.2	5.1	5.4
First Nations (North American Indian)	880	430	455	4.0	3.8	4.2
Métis	270	135	135	1.2	1.2	1.2
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	20,880	10,615	10,265	94.5	94.8	94.3
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	22,085	11,195	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	710	355	355	3.2	3.2	3.3
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	21,370	10,835	10,535	96.8	96.8	96.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	5,970	...	...	69.2	...	...
Renter	2,585	...	...	30.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	75	...	...	0.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	2,415	...	...	28.0	...	...
Not condominium	6,215	...	...	72.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	85	...	...	1.0	...	...
1 bedroom	1,165	...	...	13.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	1,890	...	...	21.9	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,335	...	...	38.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,155	...	...	25.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,855	...	...	33.1	...	...
5 rooms	1,595	...	...	18.5	...	...
6 rooms	1,275	...	...	14.8	...	...
7 rooms	975	...	...	11.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	1,935	...	...	22.4	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	8,435	...	...	97.7	...	...
More than one person per room	200	...	...	2.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	8,175	...	...	94.7	...	...
Not suitable	455	...	...	5.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	360	...	...	4.2	...	...
1961 to 1980	2,680	...	...	31.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	890	...	...	10.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	1,340	...	...	15.5	...	...
2001 to 2005	480	...	...	5.6	...	...
2006 to 2010	930	...	...	10.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	630	...	...	7.3	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,325	...	...	15.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	8,115	...	...	94.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	515	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	3,595	...	...	41.7	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,355	...	...	50.5	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	680	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	135	...	...	1.6	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,525	...	...	17.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,360	...	...	27.3	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,840	...	...	21.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	1,240	...	...	14.4	...	...
65 to 74 years	950	...	...	11.0	...	...
75 to 84 years	465	...	...	5.4	...	...
85 years and over	120	...	...	1.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	8,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	6,310	...	...	74.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,175	...	...	25.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,945	...	...	22.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	8,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	2,870	...	...	33.3	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,930	...	...	22.4	...	...
Not suitable only	345	...	...	4.0	...	...
Major repairs needed only	320	...	...	3.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.9	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	1.9	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	5,765	...	...	66.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	8,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	555	...	...	6.7	...	...
Not in core need	7,705	...	...	93.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,930	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	73.2	...	...	73.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	20.3	...	...	20.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	3.2	...	...	3.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,100	...	...	2,100	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	2,124	...	...	2,124	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,000,000	...	...	1,000,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	1,079,000	...	...	1,079,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	2,575	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	9.3	...	...	9.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.9	...	...	37.9	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	14.8	...	...	14.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,820	...	...	1,820	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,840	...	...	1,840	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	75	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	200	...	...	200	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	420	...	...	420	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	22,085	11,195	10,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	390	165	230	1.8	1.5	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	390	165	230	1.8	1.5	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	335	145	190	1.5	1.3	1.7
Métis single ancestry	50	10	40	0.2	0.1	0.4
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	915	470	450	4.1	4.2	4.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	900	470	435	4.1	4.2	4.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	690	355	335	3.1	3.2	3.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	210	110	95	1.0	1.0	0.9
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	20,775	10,565	10,210	94.1	94.4	93.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	22,080	11,195	10,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	19,815	9,970	9,855	89.7	89.1	90.5
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,545	2,300	2,245	20.6	20.5	20.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	15,275	7,670	7,605	69.2	68.5	69.8
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	2,265	1,225	1,035	10.3	10.9	9.5
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	22,080	11,195	10,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	17,070	8,655	8,415	77.3	77.3	77.3
Immigrants⁸¹	4,345	2,155	2,190	19.7	19.2	20.1
Before 1980	955	470	480	4.3	4.2	4.4
1980 to 1990	330	150	180	1.5	1.3	1.7
1991 to 2000	665	315	350	3.0	2.8	3.2
2001 to 2010	720	315	400	3.3	2.8	3.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,680	895	785	7.6	8.0	7.2
2011 to 2015	805	405	400	3.6	3.6	3.7
2016 to 2021	875	490	385	4.0	4.4	3.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	670	380	285	3.0	3.4	2.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,345	2,155	2,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	310	120	195	7.1	5.6	8.9
5 to 14 years	630	345	285	14.5	16.0	13.0
15 to 24 years	755	370	380	17.4	17.2	17.4
25 to 44 years	2,345	1,185	1,160	54.0	55.0	53.0
45 years and over	300	130	175	6.9	6.0	8.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,345	2,155	2,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	580	275	310	13.3	12.8	14.2
Brazil	40	0	35	0.9	0.0	1.6
Colombia	30	20	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
El Salvador	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	10	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
Mexico	90	35	55	2.1	1.6	2.5
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	310	145	165	7.1	6.7	7.5
Other places of birth in Americas	80	45	35	1.8	2.1	1.6
Europe	1,925	995	930	44.3	46.2	42.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	30	10	20	0.7	0.5	0.9
Croatia	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
France	70	45	20	1.6	2.1	0.9
Germany	160	85	80	3.7	3.9	3.7
Greece	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Hungary	60	30	25	1.4	1.4	1.1
Italy	60	45	10	1.4	2.1	0.5
Netherlands	90	50	40	2.1	2.3	1.8
Poland	70	25	40	1.6	1.2	1.8
Portugal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	15	15	0.7	0.7	0.7
Russian Federation	40	20	20	0.9	0.9	0.9
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	930	495	430	21.4	23.0	19.6
Other places of birth in Europe	355	155	200	8.2	7.2	9.1
Africa	125	75	55	2.9	3.5	2.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	50	30	25	1.2	1.4	1.1
Other places of birth in Africa	55	30	20	1.3	1.4	0.9
Asia	1,385	630	755	31.9	29.2	34.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	35	20	20	0.8	0.9	0.9
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	20	15	0	0.5	0.7	0.0
Turkey	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	30	35	1.5	1.4	1.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.5
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	30	1.0	0.9	1.4
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	300	125	180	6.9	5.8	8.2
Viet Nam	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	715	345	370	16.5	16.0	16.9
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	140	55	85	3.2	2.6	3.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	325	180	140	7.5	8.4	6.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	875	490	390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	160	90	70	18.3	18.4	17.9
Brazil	10	0	10	1.1	0.0	2.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	110	70	45	12.6	14.3	11.5
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	10	10	1.7	2.0	2.6
Europe	370	215	150	42.3	43.9	38.5
France	25	15	10	2.9	3.1	2.6
Germany	30	15	15	3.4	3.1	3.8
Ireland⁹⁶	20	0	15	2.3	0.0	3.8
Italy	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	205	135	65	23.4	27.6	16.7
Other places of birth in Europe	65	25	40	7.4	5.1	10.3
Africa	25	15	0	2.9	3.1	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	20	15	0	2.3	3.1	0.0
Asia	205	100	105	23.4	20.4	26.9
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	95	50	45	10.9	10.2	11.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	10	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	40	25	20	4.6	5.1	5.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	120	70	50	13.7	14.3	12.8
Australia	100	60	45	11.4	12.2	11.5
Other places of birth⁹⁸	25	10	10	2.9	2.0	2.6
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	22,085	11,190	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,425	2,770	2,655	24.6	24.8	24.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,820	2,460	2,360	21.8	22.0	21.7
Third generation or more¹⁰²	11,840	5,970	5,875	53.6	53.4	54.0
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,390	1,680	1,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,875	985	890	55.3	58.6	52.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,075	705	370	31.7	42.0	21.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	795	280	520	23.5	16.7	30.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,305	575	730	38.5	34.2	42.7
Refugees¹⁰⁸	165	100	70	4.9	6.0	4.1
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	40	20	20	1.2	1.2	1.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,390	1,680	1,710	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	50	35	10	1.5	2.1	0.6
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,120	590	535	33.0	35.1	31.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	95	45	50	2.8	2.7	2.9
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	315	155	160	9.3	9.2	9.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	0	10	0.4	0.0	0.6
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,795	850	945	52.9	50.6	55.3
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	22,085	11,195	10,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,195	1,485	1,705	14.5	13.3	15.7
South Asian	1,350	670	675	6.1	6.0	6.2
Chinese	285	75	210	1.3	0.7	1.9
Black	135	75	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
Filipino	415	175	245	1.9	1.6	2.3
Arab	55	40	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Latin American	320	150	165	1.4	1.3	1.5
Southeast Asian	90	55	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
West Asian	45	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	115	50	60	0.5	0.4	0.6
Japanese	275	140	140	1.2	1.3	1.3
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	90	30	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	18,890	9,710	9,180	85.5	86.7	84.3
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	22,085	11,195	10,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,955	1,535	1,420	13.4	13.7	13.0
English	5,695	3,045	2,645	25.8	27.2	24.3
Irish	3,755	1,835	1,920	17.0	16.4	17.6
Scottish	4,580	2,320	2,260	20.7	20.7	20.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	2,050	1,065	985	9.3	9.5	9.0
German	2,790	1,320	1,470	12.6	11.8	13.5
Chinese	275	65	210	1.2	0.6	1.9
Italian	855	420	435	3.9	3.8	4.0
Indian (India)	780	385	395	3.5	3.4	3.6
Ukrainian	925	455	465	4.2	4.1	4.3
Dutch	1,040	485	550	4.7	4.3	5.1
Polish	895	420	475	4.1	3.8	4.4
Québécois	65	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,435	715	720	6.5	6.4	6.6
Filipino	415	160	250	1.9	1.4	2.3
French Canadian	245	125	120	1.1	1.1	1.1
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	470	250	220	2.1	2.2	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	565	285	275	2.6	2.5	2.5
Métis	275	120	155	1.2	1.1	1.4
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	945	475	475	4.3	4.2	4.4
Russian	450	220	230	2.0	2.0	2.1
Norwegian	725	365	365	3.3	3.3	3.4
Welsh	590	240	350	2.7	2.1	3.2
Portuguese	195	85	115	0.9	0.8	1.1
American	305	145	160	1.4	1.3	1.5
Spanish	225	120	105	1.0	1.1	1.0
Swedish	595	220	375	2.7	2.0	3.4
Hungarian	370	165	205	1.7	1.5	1.9
Acadian	85	30	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Pakistani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	45	40	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Jewish	150	65	90	0.7	0.6	0.8
Punjabi	330	170	165	1.5	1.5	1.5
Vietnamese	35	25	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	70	45	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Greek	70	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jamaican	50	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	115	25	90	0.5	0.2	0.8
Korean	130	60	70	0.6	0.5	0.6
Romanian	110	25	85	0.5	0.2	0.8
Lebanese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	310	175	140	1.4	1.6	1.3
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	115	60	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	270	125	145	1.2	1.1	1.3
Austrian	240	120	125	1.1	1.1	1.1
Belgian	95	55	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	30	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Mexican	175	80	95	0.8	0.7	0.9
Mennonite	150	95	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Swiss	220	90	130	1.0	0.8	1.2
Finnish	145	65	80	0.7	0.6	0.7
Sri Lankan	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	105	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	265	130	135	1.2	1.2	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	210	70	140	1.0	0.6	1.3
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	45	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	90	35	55	0.4	0.3	0.5
Colombian	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	270	140	140	1.2	1.3	1.3
Syrian	45	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Ojibway	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Newfoundlander	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Nigerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Slovak	95	30	60	0.4	0.3	0.6
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	65	20	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
South African	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	280	145	130	1.3	1.3	1.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.5
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Slovenian	35	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	50	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mohawk	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	35	15	15	0.2	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	110	65	45	0.5	0.6	0.4
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Estonian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	60	25	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
New Zealander	105	75	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	22,085	11,195	10,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Christian	4,750	2,140	2,615	21.5	19.1	24.0
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,055	480	580	4.8	4.3	5.3
Anabaptist	35	20	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Anglican	585	210	370	2.6	1.9	3.4
Baptist	145	50	95	0.7	0.4	0.9
Catholic	1,690	870	825	7.7	7.8	7.6
Christian Orthodox	145	55	85	0.7	0.5	0.8
Jehovah's Witness	90	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.5
Latter Day Saints	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lutheran	170	80	95	0.8	0.7	0.9
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	60	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
Presbyterian	75	25	45	0.3	0.2	0.4
Reformed	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Church	450	155	295	2.0	1.4	2.7
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	225	100	120	1.0	0.9	1.1
Hindu	90	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Muslim	105	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
Sikh	1,075	525	555	4.9	4.7	5.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	115	60	60	0.5	0.5	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	225	80	145	1.0	0.7	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	15,605	8,240	7,360	70.7	73.6	67.6
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	21,800	11,065	10,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,680	8,975	8,705	81.1	81.1	81.1
Movers	4,120	2,090	2,030	18.9	18.9	18.9
Non-migrants	1,900	1,010	890	8.7	9.1	8.3
Migrants	2,220	1,080	1,140	10.2	9.8	10.6
Internal migrants	1,980	955	1,025	9.1	8.6	9.6
Intraprovincial migrants	1,500	735	770	6.9	6.6	7.2
Interprovincial migrants	480	225	255	2.2	2.0	2.4
External migrants	235	120	115	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	20,715	10,505	10,210	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	10,200	5,160	5,045	49.2	49.1	49.4
Movers	10,510	5,345	5,160	50.7	50.9	50.5
Non-migrants	3,880	1,935	1,955	18.7	18.4	19.1
Migrants	6,625	3,420	3,210	32.0	32.6	31.4
Internal migrants	5,520	2,820	2,700	26.6	26.8	26.4
Intraprovincial migrants	3,990	2,065	1,925	19.3	19.7	18.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,530	755	775	7.4	7.2	7.6
External migrants	1,105	595	505	5.3	5.7	4.9
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,920	9,055	8,865	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,865	1,095	770	10.4	12.1	8.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	16,055	7,960	8,095	89.6	87.9	91.3
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,610	6,865	6,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	820	540	275	6.0	7.9	4.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	12,785	6,325	6,465	93.9	92.1	95.8
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,925	9,055	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,630	920	705	9.1	10.2	7.9
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	4,740	2,565	2,175	26.4	28.3	24.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	11,555	5,565	5,990	64.5	61.5	67.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	5,485	2,880	2,600	30.6	31.8	29.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,625	1,285	335	9.1	14.2	3.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	650	390	260	3.6	4.3	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	975	895	80	5.4	9.9	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,005	1,295	1,710	16.8	14.3	19.3
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	855	305	550	4.8	3.4	6.2
Bachelor's degree or higher	6,070	2,685	3,390	33.9	29.7	38.2
Bachelor's degree	4,010	1,870	2,140	22.4	20.7	24.1
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	455	135	325	2.5	1.5	3.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	40	60	0.6	0.4	0.7
Master's degree	1,305	545	760	7.3	6.0	8.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	195	95	105	1.1	1.0	1.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	13,605	6,865	6,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	655	425	225	4.8	6.2	3.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,100	1,740	1,355	22.8	25.3	20.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,860	4,700	5,160	72.5	68.5	76.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,415	2,355	2,060	32.5	34.3	30.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,300	1,030	265	9.6	15.0	3.9
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	520	310	210	3.8	4.5	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	780	725	60	5.7	10.6	0.9
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,405	1,055	1,355	17.7	15.4	20.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	705	270	440	5.2	3.9	6.5
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,445	2,345	3,100	40.0	34.2	46.0
Bachelor's degree	3,650	1,675	1,975	26.8	24.4	29.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	400	115	280	2.9	1.7	4.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	20	50	0.6	0.3	0.7
Master's degree	1,150	445	705	8.5	6.5	10.5
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	180	90	90	1.3	1.3	1.3
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,925	9,055	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	6,370	3,490	2,880	35.5	38.5	32.5
Education	705	165	540	3.9	1.8	6.1
13. Education	705	165	540	3.9	1.8	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	575	265	310	3.2	2.9	3.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	10	0.3	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	535	230	300	3.0	2.5	3.4
Humanities	530	215	315	3.0	2.4	3.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	80	30	50	0.4	0.3	0.6
23. English language and literature/letters	105	35	70	0.6	0.4	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	200	90	110	1.1	1.0	1.2
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
54. History	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,440	490	945	8.0	5.4	10.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	65	155	1.2	0.7	1.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	150	15	130	0.8	0.2	1.5
22. Legal professions and studies	195	60	130	1.1	0.7	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	210	35	180	1.2	0.4	2.0
45. Social sciences	615	305	310	3.4	3.4	3.5
Business, management and public administration	2,135	930	1,210	11.9	10.3	13.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	95	10	90	0.5	0.1	1.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,040	915	1,120	11.4	10.1	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	705	285	420	3.9	3.1	4.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	295	100	195	1.6	1.1	2.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	140	30	105	0.8	0.3	1.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
40. Physical sciences	245	150	95	1.4	1.7	1.1
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	385	245	135	2.1	2.7	1.5
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	285	200	95	1.6	2.2	1.1
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	60	45	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,305	2,015	290	12.9	22.3	3.3
04. Architecture and related services	130	85	45	0.7	0.9	0.5
14. Engineering	625	470	155	3.5	5.2	1.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	315	280	35	1.8	3.1	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	645	615	25	3.6	6.8	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	405	390	15	2.3	4.3	0.2
48. Precision production	190	175	15	1.1	1.9	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	450	230	220	2.5	2.5	2.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	160	80	80	0.9	0.9	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	295	160	135	1.6	1.8	1.5
Health and related fields	1,740	380	1,365	9.7	4.2	15.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	355	170	180	2.0	1.9	2.0
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,365	200	1,165	7.6	2.2	13.1
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	580	350	230	3.2	3.9	2.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	310	130	180	1.7	1.4	2.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	100	80	20	0.6	0.9	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	160	135	30	0.9	1.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	13,610	6,865	6,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	3,750	2,165	1,580	27.6	31.5	23.4
Education	500	115	385	3.7	1.7	5.7
13. Education	500	115	385	3.7	1.7	5.7
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	540	245	295	4.0	3.6	4.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	500	215	285	3.7	3.1	4.2
Humanities	445	180	270	3.3	2.6	4.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	25	45	0.5	0.4	0.7
23. English language and literature/letters	100	35	70	0.7	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	170	65	105	1.2	0.9	1.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
54. History	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,315	460	855	9.7	6.7	12.7
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	65	150	1.6	0.9	2.2
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	135	15	120	1.0	0.2	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	160	50	110	1.2	0.7	1.6
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	30	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.4
42. Psychology	200	30	165	1.5	0.4	2.4
45. Social sciences	560	285	270	4.1	4.2	4.0
Business, management and public administration	1,845	795	1,055	13.6	11.6	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	90	0	90	0.7	0.0	1.3
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,755	790	970	12.9	11.5	14.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	620	250	375	4.6	3.6	5.6
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	270	95	180	2.0	1.4	2.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	110	20	90	0.8	0.3	1.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	220	135	95	1.6	2.0	1.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	340	215	120	2.5	3.1	1.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	245	175	75	1.8	2.5	1.1
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	50	35	15	0.4	0.5	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,880	1,620	255	13.8	23.6	3.8
04. Architecture and related services	115	75	40	0.8	1.1	0.6
14. Engineering	575	430	145	4.2	6.3	2.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	230	200	30	1.7	2.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	525	510	15	3.9	7.4	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	300	290	15	2.2	4.2	0.2
48. Precision production	130	130	10	1.0	1.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	395	175	210	2.9	2.5	3.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	145	60	85	1.1	0.9	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	250	120	130	1.8	1.7	1.9
Health and related fields	1,475	340	1,140	10.8	5.0	16.9
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	325	165	160	2.4	2.4	2.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,130	165	965	8.3	2.4	14.3
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	505	310	195	3.7	4.5	2.9
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	280	130	150	2.1	1.9	2.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	100	75	20	0.7	1.1	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	125	100	20	0.9	1.5	0.3
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	13,610	6,865	6,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	3,750	2,165	1,580	27.6	31.5	23.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	9,855	4,700	5,160	72.4	68.5	76.5
Location of study inside Canada	7,605	3,555	4,045	55.9	51.8	60.0
Same as province or territory of residence	4,925	2,285	2,640	36.2	33.3	39.1
Different than province or territory of residence	2,680	1,275	1,405	19.7	18.6	20.8
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	2,255	1,140	1,115	16.6	16.6	16.5
Americas	530	230	300	3.9	3.4	4.4
United States of America	395	180	215	2.9	2.6	3.2
Mexico	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.4
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	40	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.4
Europe	945	505	440	6.9	7.4	6.5
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Germany	55	30	25	0.4	0.4	0.4
Netherlands	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	45	25	25	0.3	0.4	0.4
United Kingdom⁸⁷	605	335	265	4.4	4.9	3.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	95	40	55	0.7	0.6	0.8
Africa	60	30	30	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other locations of study in Africa	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	415	180	235	3.0	2.6	3.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	35	15	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	45	15	30	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	30	20	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Philippines	165	65	95	1.2	0.9	1.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	120	55	60	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oceania	310	195	110	2.3	2.8	1.6
Australia	235	160	75	1.7	2.3	1.1
New Zealand	70	30	35	0.5	0.4	0.5
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	17,920	9,055	8,870	...	...	...
In the labour force	13,670	7,225	6,445	...	...	...
Employed	12,715	6,680	6,035	...	...	...
Unemployed	955	545	410	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	4,250	1,825	2,420	...	...	...
Participation rate	76.3	79.8	72.7	76.3	79.8	72.7
Employment rate	71.0	73.8	68.0	71.0	73.8	68.0
Unemployment rate	7.0	7.5	6.4	7.0	7.5	6.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	17,925	9,055	8,870	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	4,275	1,820	2,455	23.8	20.1	27.7
Worked	13,645	7,235	6,415	76.1	79.9	72.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	7,355	4,255	3,105	41.0	47.0	35.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	6,290	2,980	3,315	35.1	32.9	37.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.0	42.8	41.0	42.0	42.8	41.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	13,670	7,225	6,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	80	1.0	0.9	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	13,530	7,165	6,370	99.0	99.2	98.8
Employee	10,845	5,615	5,230	79.3	77.7	81.1
Permanent position	9,260	4,870	4,390	67.7	67.4	68.1
Temporary position	1,585	745	840	11.6	10.3	13.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	485	230	260	3.5	3.2	4.0
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,100	520	585	8.0	7.2	9.1
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,685	1,545	1,135	19.6	21.4	17.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	13,670	7,225	6,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	80	1.0	0.9	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	13,530	7,165	6,370	99.0	99.2	98.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	240	195	45	1.8	2.7	0.7
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,990	530	1,455	14.6	7.3	22.6
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,210	835	380	8.9	11.6	5.9
3 Health occupations	1,040	200	840	7.6	2.8	13.0
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,460	475	990	10.7	6.6	15.4
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	790	395	390	5.8	5.5	6.1
6 Sales and service occupations	3,465	1,540	1,925	25.3	21.3	29.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	2,720	2,520	195	19.9	34.9	3.0
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	315	225	95	2.3	3.1	1.5
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	305	255	50	2.2	3.5	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	13,670	7,225	6,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	140	65	80	1.0	0.9	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	13,530	7,165	6,370	99.0	99.2	98.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	185	125	55	1.4	1.7	0.9
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	110	95	15	0.8	1.3	0.2
22 Utilities	90	65	35	0.7	0.9	0.5
23 Construction	1,620	1,475	140	11.9	20.4	2.2
31-33 Manufacturing	440	305	130	3.2	4.2	2.0
41 Wholesale trade	200	120	75	1.5	1.7	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	1,570	850	725	11.5	11.8	11.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	555	395	160	4.1	5.5	2.5
51 Information and cultural industries	410	250	165	3.0	3.5	2.6
52 Finance and insurance	295	125	170	2.2	1.7	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	330	140	190	2.4	1.9	2.9
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,615	810	800	11.8	11.2	12.4
55 Management of companies and enterprises	25	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	615	350	265	4.5	4.8	4.1
61 Educational services	850	345	505	6.2	4.8	7.8
62 Health care and social assistance	1,545	250	1,300	11.3	3.5	20.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	445	250	190	3.3	3.5	2.9
72 Accommodation and food services	1,315	620	695	9.6	8.6	10.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	575	235	335	4.2	3.3	5.2
91 Public administration	745	345	395	5.4	4.8	6.1
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	14,480	7,600	6,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	13,885	7,350	6,535	95.9	96.7	95.0
French	40	0	40	0.3	0.0	0.6
Non-official language	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and French	235	90	150	1.6	1.2	2.2
English and non-official language(s)	280	140	135	1.9	1.8	2.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	14,480	7,600	6,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	14,450	7,585	6,870	99.8	99.8	99.9
Official languages	14,385	7,545	6,835	99.3	99.3	99.3
English	14,315	7,535	6,775	98.9	99.1	98.5
French	70	10	65	0.5	0.1	0.9
Non-official languages	70	40	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	70	40	30	0.5	0.5	0.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	25	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Aryan languages	25	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	25	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	14,480	7,600	6,880	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	13,980	7,380	6,605	96.5	97.1	96.0
English	65	30	35	0.4	0.4	0.5
French	195	75	125	1.3	1.0	1.8
Non-official language	210	100	110	1.5	1.3	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	200	100	100	1.4	1.3	1.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	12,715	6,680	6,030	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,405	1,610	1,795	26.8	24.1	29.8
Worked outside Canada	45	20	20	0.4	0.3	0.3
No fixed workplace address	2,155	1,615	540	16.9	24.2	9.0
Usual place of work	7,105	3,430	3,680	55.9	51.3	61.0
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,105	3,435	3,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	4,525	2,010	2,515	63.7	58.5	68.4
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,000	495	510	14.1	14.4	13.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,520	885	635	21.4	25.8	17.3
Commute to a different province or territory	60	45	10	0.8	1.3	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,265	5,050	4,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,860	4,375	3,485	84.8	86.6	82.7
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,280	4,115	3,160	78.6	81.5	75.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	585	260	325	6.3	5.1	7.7
Public transit	185	65	120	2.0	1.3	2.8
Walked	520	235	290	5.6	4.7	6.9
Bicycle	410	250	155	4.4	5.0	3.7
Other method	285	120	165	3.1	2.4	3.9
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,265	5,050	4,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,465	2,115	2,350	48.2	41.9	55.8
15 to 29 minutes	1,655	855	805	17.9	16.9	19.1
30 to 44 minutes	690	455	240	7.4	9.0	5.7
45 to 59 minutes	1,225	790	440	13.2	15.6	10.4
60 minutes and over	1,220	840	385	13.2	16.6	9.1
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,265	5,050	4,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	600	460	140	6.5	9.1	3.3
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,605	1,055	550	17.3	20.9	13.0
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,380	1,390	990	25.7	27.5	23.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	2,225	925	1,305	24.0	18.3	31.0
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,360	560	805	14.7	11.1	19.1
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,085	670	415	11.7	13.3	9.8
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,805	2,465	2,340	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	525	280	245	10.9	11.4	10.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,275	2,185	2,090	89.0	88.6	89.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,365	1,735	1,630	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	365	195	175	10.8	11.2	10.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	200	115	90	5.9	6.6	5.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	165	80	85	4.9	4.6	5.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,000	1,540	1,460	89.2	88.8	89.6

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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