Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	ReginaMore information: Saskatchewan [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	224,996	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	214,664^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	4.8	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	98,426	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	91,485	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	2,130.4	...	...	2,130.4	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	105.61	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	224,995	110,645	114,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	42,385	21,635	20,750	18.8	19.6	18.1
0 to 4 years	13,430	6,745	6,690	6.0	6.1	5.9
5 to 9 years	14,640	7,420	7,225	6.5	6.7	6.3
10 to 14 years	14,315	7,475	6,835	6.4	6.8	6.0
15 to 64 years	147,625	73,680	73,945	65.6	66.6	64.7
15 to 19 years	12,890	6,660	6,235	5.7	6.0	5.5
20 to 24 years	14,815	7,685	7,125	6.6	6.9	6.2
25 to 29 years	15,335	7,610	7,720	6.8	6.9	6.8
30 to 34 years	17,340	8,550	8,795	7.7	7.7	7.7
35 to 39 years	17,845	8,875	8,960	7.9	8.0	7.8
40 to 44 years	16,080	8,100	7,985	7.1	7.3	7.0
45 to 49 years	13,645	6,765	6,880	6.1	6.1	6.0
50 to 54 years	12,440	6,230	6,210	5.5	5.6	5.4
55 to 59 years	13,840	6,690	7,140	6.2	6.0	6.2
60 to 64 years	13,390	6,505	6,880	6.0	5.9	6.0
65 years and over	34,985	15,325	19,660	15.5	13.9	17.2
65 to 69 years	11,315	5,385	5,930	5.0	4.9	5.2
70 to 74 years	8,565	3,970	4,585	3.8	3.6	4.0
75 to 79 years	5,720	2,535	3,180	2.5	2.3	2.8
80 to 84 years	4,255	1,675	2,580	1.9	1.5	2.3
85 years and over	5,130	1,755	3,375	2.3	1.6	3.0
85 to 89 years	2,930	1,040	1,890	1.3	0.9	1.7
90 to 94 years	1,700	595	1,110	0.8	0.5	1.0
95 to 99 years	440	115	330	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	60	5	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	18.8	19.6	18.1	18.8	19.6	18.1
15 to 64 years	65.6	66.6	64.7	65.6	66.6	64.7
65 years and over	15.5	13.9	17.2	15.5	13.9	17.2
85 years and over	2.3	1.6	3.0	2.3	1.6	3.0
Average age of the population	39.1	38.0	40.1	39.1	38.0	40.1
Median age of the population	37.6	36.8	38.4	37.6	36.8	38.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	91,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	57,825	...	...	63.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,600	...	...	2.8	...	...
Row house	5,985	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	2,205	...	...	2.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	18,330	...	...	20.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	4,345	...	...	4.7	...	...
Other single-attached house	25	...	...	0.0	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	165	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	91,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	27,650	...	...	30.2	...	...
2 persons	30,190	...	...	33.0	...	...
3 persons	13,525	...	...	14.8	...	...
4 persons	12,410	...	...	13.6	...	...
5 or more persons	7,715	...	...	8.4	...	...
Number of persons in private households	221,665	109,335	112,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.4	...	...	2.4	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	182,610	89,010	93,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	101,820	50,850	50,975	55.8	57.1	54.5
Married	85,160	42,530	42,635	46.6	47.8	45.5
Living common-law	16,665	8,320	8,340	9.1	9.3	8.9
Living common law - Never married	12,805	6,435	6,370	7.0	7.2	6.8
Living common law - Separated	480	255	230	0.3	0.3	0.2
Living common law - Divorced	3,090	1,520	1,570	1.7	1.7	1.7
Living common law - Widowed	285	120	165	0.2	0.1	0.2
Not married and not living common-law	80,790	38,160	42,630	44.2	42.9	45.5
Not married and not living common law - Never married	55,955	30,135	25,815	30.6	33.9	27.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	4,075	1,720	2,350	2.2	1.9	2.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	11,160	4,320	6,840	6.1	4.9	7.3
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	9,600	1,970	7,625	5.3	2.2	8.1
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	60,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	30,150	...	...	49.7	...	...
3 persons	12,965	...	...	21.4	...	...
4 persons	11,840	...	...	19.5	...	...
5 or more persons	5,670	...	...	9.4	...	...
Average size of census families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.8	...	...	1.8	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	60,625	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	49,575	...	...	81.8	...	...
Married couples	41,245	...	...	68.0	...	...
With children⁶	22,840	...	...	37.7	...	...
Without children	18,405	...	...	30.4	...	...
Common-law couples	8,330	...	...	13.7	...	...
With children⁶	3,135	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	5,195	...	...	8.6	...	...
Total one-parent families	11,050	...	...	18.2	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	8,545	...	...	14.1	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	2,510	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	221,665	109,335	112,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	177,405	87,660	89,740	80.0	80.2	79.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	99,150	49,560	49,590	44.7	45.3	44.1
Parents in one-parent families	11,050	2,505	8,545	5.0	2.3	7.6
Children⁶	67,205	35,595	31,605	30.3	32.6	28.1
In a two-parent family	49,200	25,790	23,415	22.2	23.6	20.8
In a one-parent family	18,000	9,805	8,195	8.1	9.0	7.3
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	44,265	21,675	22,585	20.0	19.8	20.1
Living alone	27,645	12,380	15,270	12.5	11.3	13.6
Living with other relatives⁷	6,095	2,865	3,230	2.7	2.6	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	10,515	6,435	4,085	4.7	5.9	3.6
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	91,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	53,695	...	...	58.7	...	...
Couple-family households	45,050	...	...	49.2	...	...
With children⁶	23,520	...	...	25.7	...	...
Without children	21,525	...	...	23.5	...	...
One-parent-family households	8,645	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,990	...	...	2.2	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	460	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,880	...	...	3.1	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	4,810	...	...	5.3	...	...
One-person households	27,650	...	...	30.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	179,375	87,755	91,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	171,365	83,565	87,800	95.5	95.2	95.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,400	50,800	42,400	46,400	50,800	42,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	171,425	83,595	87,830	95.6	95.3	95.9
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	44,800	38,400	41,200	44,800	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	155,580	76,870	78,715	86.7	87.6	85.9
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,600	48,000	35,600	41,600	48,000	35,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	128,625	65,620	63,000	71.7	74.8	68.8
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,200	48,800	38,800	43,200	48,800	38,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	152,075	72,810	79,265	84.8	83.0	86.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	7,650	5,520	9,200	7,650	5,520	9,200
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,175	8,265	7,910	9.0	9.4	8.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,680	5,520	5,880	5,680	5,520	5,880
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	44,220	21,845	22,375	24.7	24.9	24.4
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	179,420	87,785	91,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	171,355	83,500	87,855	95.5	95.1	95.9
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	56,650	63,300	50,280	56,650	63,300	50,280
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	171,425	83,535	87,885	95.5	95.2	95.9
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,200	51,550	43,040	47,200	51,550	43,040
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	155,840	76,890	78,950	86.9	87.6	86.2
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,450	60,450	44,680	52,450	60,450	44,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	128,715	65,425	63,295	71.7	74.5	69.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	52,050	58,550	45,320	52,050	58,550	45,320
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	151,770	72,525	79,240	84.6	82.6	86.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,070	8,830	11,210	10,070	8,830	11,210
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,035	8,270	7,765	8.9	9.4	8.5
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,960	6,120	7,850	6,960	6,120	7,850
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	44,285	21,965	22,315	24.7	25.0	24.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,930	8,890	8,970	8,930	8,890	8,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	179,420	87,785	91,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	66,310	35,730	30,575	37.0	40.7	33.4
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	67,000	71,500	62,400	67,000	71,500	62,400
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	76,200	82,600	68,700	76,200	82,600	68,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	48,325	22,785	25,545	26.9	26.0	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,000	21,400	16,800	19,000	21,400	16,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,440	32,120	25,100	28,440	32,120	25,100
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	84.2	87.8	79.8	84.2	87.8	79.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	69.0	72.4	65.0	69.0	72.4	65.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	15.8	12.1	20.1	15.8	12.1	20.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.4	1.2	1.0	1.4
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	4.7	4.0	5.5	4.7	4.0	5.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.1	3.7	4.5	4.1	3.7	4.5
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	179,380	87,755	91,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	8,015	4,195	3,825	4.5	4.8	4.2
With total income	171,360	83,560	87,800	95.5	95.2	95.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,005	6,005	7,000	7.6	7.2	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	16,160	7,005	9,150	9.4	8.4	10.4
$20,000 to $29,999	23,435	10,100	13,335	13.7	12.1	15.2
$30,000 to $39,999	20,720	9,045	11,670	12.1	10.8	13.3
$40,000 to $49,999	19,675	8,765	10,910	11.5	10.5	12.4
$50,000 to $59,999	17,045	8,045	9,000	9.9	9.6	10.3
$60,000 to $69,999	13,970	7,105	6,865	8.2	8.5	7.8
$70,000 to $79,999	11,215	6,030	5,190	6.5	7.2	5.9
$80,000 to $89,999	8,865	4,830	4,035	5.2	5.8	4.6
$90,000 to $99,999	7,090	3,815	3,270	4.1	4.6	3.7
$100,000 and over	20,190	12,815	7,370	11.8	15.3	8.4
$100,000 to $149,999	14,300	8,640	5,660	8.3	10.3	6.4
$150,000 and over	5,885	4,180	1,710	3.4	5.0	1.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	179,380	87,755	91,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	7,955	4,160	3,790	4.4	4.7	4.1
With after-tax income	171,420	83,595	87,830	95.6	95.3	95.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	13,525	6,165	7,365	7.9	7.4	8.4
$10,000 to $19,999	17,025	7,390	9,640	9.9	8.8	11.0
$20,000 to $29,999	26,985	11,805	15,175	15.7	14.1	17.3
$30,000 to $39,999	25,115	11,225	13,890	14.7	13.4	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	23,440	10,940	12,500	13.7	13.1	14.2
$50,000 to $59,999	19,205	9,700	9,505	11.2	11.6	10.8
$60,000 to $69,999	14,490	7,685	6,805	8.5	9.2	7.7
$70,000 to $79,999	10,730	5,695	5,030	6.3	6.8	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	6,810	3,760	3,055	4.0	4.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	4,445	2,625	1,820	2.6	3.1	2.1
$100,000 and over	9,655	6,600	3,050	5.6	7.9	3.5
$100,000 to $124,999	5,305	3,490	1,810	3.1	4.2	2.1
$125,000 and over	4,350	3,110	1,240	2.5	3.7	1.4
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	179,380	87,755	91,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	50,755	22,135	28,620	28.3	25.2	31.2
With employment income	128,620	65,620	62,995	71.7	74.8	68.8
Under $5,000 (including loss)	15,045	6,920	8,125	11.7	10.5	12.9
$5,000 to $9,999	9,545	4,320	5,225	7.4	6.6	8.3
$10,000 to $19,999	13,865	6,365	7,505	10.8	9.7	11.9
$20,000 to $29,999	11,130	5,385	5,745	8.7	8.2	9.1
$30,000 to $39,999	10,955	5,175	5,785	8.5	7.9	9.2
$40,000 to $49,999	11,520	5,445	6,080	9.0	8.3	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	10,815	5,430	5,385	8.4	8.3	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	9,675	5,175	4,505	7.5	7.9	7.2
$70,000 to $79,999	8,035	4,430	3,605	6.2	6.8	5.7
$80,000 to $89,999	6,790	3,700	3,090	5.3	5.6	4.9
$90,000 to $99,999	5,680	3,055	2,625	4.4	4.7	4.2
$100,000 and over	15,555	10,220	5,330	12.1	15.6	8.5
$100,000 to $124,999	7,680	4,630	3,045	6.0	7.1	4.8
$125,000 and over	7,875	5,595	2,280	6.1	8.5	3.6
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	179,375	87,755	91,620	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	167,245	81,420	85,825	93.2	92.8	93.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,800	50,800	40,000	44,800	50,800	40,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	167,305	81,425	85,880	93.3	92.8	93.7
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,400	36,400	40,000	44,400	36,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	152,930	75,540	77,390	85.3	86.1	84.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,000	36,800	42,800	50,000	36,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	127,470	65,025	62,450	71.1	74.1	68.2
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,000	50,400	39,200	44,000	50,400	39,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	143,145	68,560	74,580	79.8	78.1	81.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	2,120	1,130	4,680	2,120	1,130	4,680
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	11,945	5,885	6,060	6.7	6.7	6.6
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,040	5,400	7,000	6,040	5,400	7,000
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	179,420	87,785	91,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,435	81,410	86,025	93.3	92.7	93.9
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	54,800	62,250	47,760	54,800	62,250	47,760
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	167,470	81,415	86,060	93.3	92.7	93.9
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,360	50,400	40,600	45,360	50,400	40,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	153,590	75,690	77,895	85.6	86.2	85.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,300	61,900	44,960	53,300	61,900	44,960
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	128,050	65,230	62,820	71.4	74.3	68.6
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	53,050	60,050	45,800	53,050	60,050	45,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	143,290	68,655	74,635	79.9	78.2	81.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,910	5,600	8,120	6,910	5,600	8,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	11,960	5,945	6,020	6.7	6.8	6.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,650	6,310	8,970	7,650	6,310	8,970
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	179,420	87,785	91,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	65,760	35,420	30,340	36.7	40.3	33.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	63,600	69,000	58,400	63,600	69,000	58,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,900	80,200	64,400	72,900	80,200	64,400
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	44,985	21,150	23,840	25.1	24.1	26.0
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,400	28,800	22,800	25,400	28,800	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,320	40,680	30,560	35,320	40,680	30,560
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	89.2	92.4	85.2	89.2	92.4	85.2
Employment income (%)	74.0	77.2	70.0	74.0	77.2	70.0
Government transfers (%)	10.8	7.6	14.8	10.8	7.6	14.8
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.7	1.3	1.0	0.7	1.3
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	91,485	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	27,650	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,600	...	...	47,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	63,835	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	91,510	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,400	...	...	88,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	27,640	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	57,150	...	...	57,150	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	47,720	...	...	47,720	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	63,875	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	127,200	...	...	127,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,000	...	...	106,000	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	91,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,020	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	740	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,395	...	...	1.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,120	...	...	3.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	2,880	...	...	3.1	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	2,725	...	...	3.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,000	...	...	3.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,175	...	...	3.5	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,320	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	6,655	...	...	7.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	6,555	...	...	7.2	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	6,265	...	...	6.8	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	5,770	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,400	...	...	5.9	...	...
$100,000 and over	39,015	...	...	42.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,265	...	...	12.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	8,415	...	...	9.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	10,585	...	...	11.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	8,755	...	...	9.6	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	91,485	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	1,105	...	...	1.2	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	440	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	765	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,450	...	...	1.6	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	3,405	...	...	3.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	3,275	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	3,220	...	...	3.5	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	3,755	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	3,900	...	...	4.3	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	3,950	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	8,070	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	7,740	...	...	8.5	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	7,190	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	6,530	...	...	7.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	5,775	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	30,900	...	...	33.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	11,660	...	...	12.7	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	7,745	...	...	8.5	...	...
$150,000 and over	11,490	...	...	12.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	60,495	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,000	...	...	111,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	3.0	...	...	3.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	22,070	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	26,065	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	138,000	...	...	138,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	118,000	...	...	118,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.0	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	10,320	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	38,165	18,815	19,355	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	42,800	42,400	42,800	42,800	42,400	42,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,000	38,000	38,400	38,000	38,000	38,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	60,555	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	127,900	...	...	127,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	106,300	...	...	106,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	22,090	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	123,700	...	...	123,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,200	...	...	101,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	26,085	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	152,600	...	...	152,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	126,200	...	...	126,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,400	...	...	79,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,400	...	...	70,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	38,120	18,815	19,305	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	51,400	52,050	50,800	51,400	52,050	50,800
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,360	43,160	43,560	43,360	43,160	43,560
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	221,665	109,340	112,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	49,890	25,505	24,385	22.5	23.3	21.7
0 to 5 years	16,325	8,190	8,130	7.4	7.5	7.2
18 to 64 years	139,140	69,235	69,900	62.8	63.3	62.2
65 years and over	32,635	14,600	18,040	14.7	13.4	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	23,850	11,335	12,510	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	7,200	3,675	3,525	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	2,590	1,235	1,355	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	13,230	6,460	6,770	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,420	1,200	2,220	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.8	10.4	11.1	10.8	10.4	11.1
0 to 17 years (%)	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4
0 to 5 years (%)	15.9	15.1	16.7	15.9	15.1	16.7
18 to 64 years (%)	9.5	9.3	9.7	9.5	9.3	9.7
65 years and over (%)	10.5	8.2	12.3	10.5	8.2	12.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	221,665	109,335	112,325	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	49,890	25,505	24,385	22.5	23.3	21.7
0 to 5 years	16,325	8,185	8,135	7.4	7.5	7.2
18 to 64 years	139,140	69,235	69,905	62.8	63.3	62.2
65 years and over	32,640	14,600	18,035	14.7	13.4	16.1
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	10,065	5,430	4,635	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,370	1,220	1,150	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	785	390	395	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	7,255	4,015	3,240	...	...	...
65 years and over	445	200	240	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.5	5.0	4.1	4.5	5.0	4.1
0 to 17 years (%)	4.7	4.8	4.7	4.7	4.8	4.7
0 to 5 years (%)	4.8	4.8	4.9	4.8	4.8	4.9
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.8	4.6	5.2	5.8	4.6
65 years and over (%)	1.4	1.4	1.3	1.4	1.4	1.3
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	221,665	109,340	112,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	105,810	51,230	54,585	47.7	46.9	48.6
In bottom decile	21,840	10,945	10,895	9.9	10.0	9.7
In second decile	21,350	9,870	11,485	9.6	9.0	10.2
In third decile	21,010	10,120	10,895	9.5	9.3	9.7
In fourth decile	20,640	9,980	10,665	9.3	9.1	9.5
In fifth decile	20,970	10,325	10,640	9.5	9.4	9.5
In top half of the distribution	115,855	58,110	57,745	52.3	53.1	51.4
In sixth decile	22,170	10,890	11,280	10.0	10.0	10.0
In seventh decile	23,260	11,600	11,655	10.5	10.6	10.4
In eighth decile	24,160	12,095	12,060	10.9	11.1	10.7
In ninth decile	24,525	12,370	12,150	11.1	11.3	10.8
In top decile	21,750	11,150	10,600	9.8	10.2	9.4
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	221,665	...	...	221,665	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.326	...	...	0.326	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.427	...	...	0.427	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.287	...	...	0.287	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.8	...	...	3.8	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	222,405	109,640	112,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	205,895	102,170	103,725	92.6	93.2	92.0
French only	175	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	13,445	6,105	7,345	6.0	5.6	6.5
Neither English nor French	2,890	1,290	1,600	1.3	1.2	1.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	222,405	109,640	112,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	216,800	107,025	109,775	97.5	97.6	97.3
French	2,250	1,090	1,155	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	590	300	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Neither English nor French	2,765	1,220	1,545	1.2	1.1	1.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	222,405	109,640	112,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	214,005	105,500	108,505	96.2	96.2	96.2
Official languages	172,775	84,880	87,895	77.7	77.4	77.9
English	170,575	83,815	86,755	76.7	76.4	76.9
French	2,205	1,065	1,135	1.0	1.0	1.0
Non-official languages	41,230	20,620	20,610	18.5	18.8	18.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	320	115	205	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	250	90	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	190	70	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	65	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	95	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	60	20	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	65	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	50	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	40,905	20,500	20,405	18.4	18.7	18.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	3,015	1,510	1,510	1.4	1.4	1.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	580	280	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bilen	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	415	200	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	2,420	1,225	1,195	1.1	1.1	1.1
Amharic	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Arabic	1,745	880	865	0.8	0.8	0.8
Aramaic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	465	245	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,600	775	830	0.7	0.7	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,560	750	810	0.7	0.7	0.7
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	7,305	3,470	3,835	3.3	3.2	3.4
Bikol	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	190	90	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	405	190	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Fijian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	90	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	435	200	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indonesian	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	80	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	5,885	2,805	3,075	2.6	2.6	2.7
Waray-Waray	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	65	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	75	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,095	605	490	0.5	0.6	0.4
Kannada	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	610	325	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Tamil	205	110	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	240	150	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20,205	10,425	9,785	9.1	9.5	8.7
Albanian	175	90	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	2,755	1,265	1,485	1.2	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	2,705	1,240	1,460	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	345	155	195	0.2	0.1	0.2
Russian	835	395	440	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	335	165	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,080	475	605	0.5	0.4	0.5
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,800	845	945	0.8	0.8	0.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,385	640	745	0.6	0.6	0.7
German	1,370	635	735	0.6	0.6	0.7
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	340	175	165	0.2	0.2	0.1
Afrikaans	135	85	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Dutch	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	460	235	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	13,080	7,025	6,055	5.9	6.4	5.4
Indo-Aryan languages	12,250	6,585	5,660	5.5	6.0	5.0
Assamese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,355	715	645	0.6	0.7	0.6
Gujarati	2,630	1,480	1,150	1.2	1.3	1.0
Hindi	1,160	650	510	0.5	0.6	0.5
Kacchi	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	350	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,960	2,135	1,830	1.8	1.9	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	2,490	1,270	1,220	1.1	1.2	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Iranian languages	830	435	395	0.4	0.4	0.4
Baluchi	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	175	105	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	590	295	290	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	215	105	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	330	170	170	0.1	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,920	955	970	0.9	0.9	0.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	290	145	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Portuguese	170	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	200	90	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	1,255	630	625	0.6	0.6	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	500	205	290	0.2	0.2	0.3
Mongolian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	1,135	580	555	0.5	0.5	0.5
Akan (Twi)	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	145	85	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	110	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	330	160	165	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	95	40	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	155	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	90	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	5,105	2,505	2,605	2.3	2.3	2.3
Chinese languages	4,575	2,230	2,345	2.1	2.0	2.1
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	3,165	1,560	1,605	1.4	1.4	1.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	60	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,225	585	640	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	520	265	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	410	210	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	340	175	160	0.2	0.2	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	70	30	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	175	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	50	15	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	130	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	290	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	270	130	145	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	8,400	4,145	4,255	3.8	3.8	3.8
English and French	760	390	370	0.3	0.4	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	6,635	3,280	3,355	3.0	3.0	3.0
French and non-official language(s)	145	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	745	345	400	0.3	0.3	0.4
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	222,405	109,640	112,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	173,770	85,360	88,415	78.1	77.9	78.4
French	605	300	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official language	11,240	5,590	5,655	5.1	5.1	5.0
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	11,220	5,580	5,635	5.0	5.1	5.0
English and French	2,005	930	1,075	0.9	0.8	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	32,330	16,250	16,085	14.5	14.8	14.3
French and non-official language(s)	115	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	930	455	475	0.4	0.4	0.4
Multiple non-official languages	1,405	710	690	0.6	0.6	0.6
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	222,405	109,640	112,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	213,370	105,070	108,300	95.9	95.8	96.0
Official languages	187,160	91,840	95,320	84.2	83.8	84.5
English	186,235	91,390	94,845	83.7	83.4	84.1
French	925	450	470	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-official languages	26,210	13,230	12,980	11.8	12.1	11.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	80	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	65	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	26,135	13,200	12,930	11.8	12.0	11.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	2,090	1,015	1,080	0.9	0.9	1.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	420	195	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bilen	65	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	290	135	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	1,670	815	855	0.8	0.7	0.8
Amharic	70	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	1,220	595	625	0.5	0.5	0.6
Aramaic languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	355	180	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	1,280	630	650	0.6	0.6	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	1,270	625	640	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	4,705	2,275	2,425	2.1	2.1	2.2
Bikol	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	130	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	180	90	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	3,995	1,935	2,060	1.8	1.8	1.8
Waray-Waray	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	745	390	355	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	455	240	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	12,180	6,370	5,810	5.5	5.8	5.2
Albanian	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,160	580	580	0.5	0.5	0.5
Baltic languages	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,140	565	570	0.5	0.5	0.5
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	550	275	275	0.2	0.3	0.2
Rusyn	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	320	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	170	75	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	90	35	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	40	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	70	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	9,695	5,160	4,530	4.4	4.7	4.0
Indo-Aryan languages	9,140	4,885	4,255	4.1	4.5	3.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	960	500	460	0.4	0.5	0.4
Gujarati	1,980	1,095	885	0.9	1.0	0.8
Hindi	840	475	360	0.4	0.4	0.3
Kacchi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	265	135	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	3,230	1,740	1,490	1.5	1.6	1.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	1,720	865	860	0.8	0.8	0.8
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	545	270	275	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	115	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian languages	385	190	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iranian Persian	230	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	825	395	430	0.4	0.4	0.4
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	635	305	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	370	165	205	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	470	235	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Akan (Twi)	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	70	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	95	50	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	105	45	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	100	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	55	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	70	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	3,850	1,905	1,945	1.7	1.7	1.7
Chinese languages	3,440	1,695	1,745	1.5	1.5	1.5
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	2,555	1,270	1,280	1.1	1.2	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	790	375	410	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	400	205	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Burmese	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	325	170	160	0.1	0.2	0.1
S'gaw Karen	270	140	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	50	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	75	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	60	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	65	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	9,040	4,575	4,465	4.1	4.2	4.0
English and French	325	160	160	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	8,380	4,250	4,130	3.8	3.9	3.7
French and non-official language(s)	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	85	45	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	190	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	222,405	109,645	112,760	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	192,540	94,720	97,825	86.6	86.4	86.8
English	11,130	5,615	5,520	5.0	5.1	4.9
French	1,720	800	920	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	12,045	5,935	6,110	5.4	5.4	5.4
Indigenous³⁹	395	150	245	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	11,650	5,785	5,865	5.2	5.3	5.2
English and French	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,725	1,445	1,280	1.2	1.3	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	400	180	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	1,690	875	820	0.8	0.8	0.7
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	221,690	109,315	112,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	218,800	108,035	110,760	98.7	98.8	98.6
English	218,665	107,970	110,695	98.6	98.8	98.5
French	13,730	6,430	7,295	6.2	5.9	6.5
Non-official languages	55,855	27,825	28,030	25.2	25.5	24.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	995	435	560	0.4	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	860	385	470	0.4	0.4	0.4
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	735	325	410	0.3	0.3	0.4
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	735	325	410	0.3	0.3	0.4
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	325	140	185	0.1	0.1	0.2
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	370	180	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	175	90	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	160	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	120	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Assiniboine	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	40	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	54,905	27,410	27,495	24.8	25.1	24.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	4,335	2,200	2,135	2.0	2.0	1.9
Berber languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hausa	85	30	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	805	395	410	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bilen	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oromo	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	575	275	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	40	30	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	3,635	1,865	1,770	1.6	1.7	1.6
Amharic	355	175	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arabic	2,655	1,395	1,265	1.2	1.3	1.1
Aramaic languages	115	50	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	85	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	290	165	125	0.1	0.2	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	670	340	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	2,135	1,030	1,110	1.0	0.9	1.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	75	45	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	2,055	980	1,075	0.9	0.9	1.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	9,965	4,770	5,195	4.5	4.4	4.6
Bikol	120	50	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bisaya, n.o.s.	265	135	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cebuano	605	285	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	160	75	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	1,055	490	565	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indonesian	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	50	40	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	175	95	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pangasinan	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	9,705	4,630	5,075	4.4	4.2	4.5
Waray-Waray	90	55	35	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	315	165	150	0.1	0.2	0.1
Creole languages	355	175	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haitian Creole	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	95	50	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	1,640	845	795	0.7	0.8	0.7
Kannada	80	35	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	895	455	435	0.4	0.4	0.4
Tamil	440	255	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Telugu	400	215	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tulu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	27,120	13,855	13,270	12.2	12.7	11.8
Albanian	260	150	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	3,615	1,695	1,915	1.6	1.6	1.7
Baltic languages	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	65	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	3,570	1,680	1,900	1.6	1.5	1.7
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	365	175	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	1,610	785	825	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	585	290	295	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	165	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	290	150	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	260	125	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	30	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	1,660	745	915	0.7	0.7	0.8
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,380	1,205	1,170	1.1	1.1	1.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,745	860	885	0.8	0.8	0.8
German	1,725	855	870	0.8	0.8	0.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	480	285	195	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afrikaans	200	130	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	250	140	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	180	75	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	740	375	360	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	17,160	9,045	8,115	7.7	8.3	7.2
Indo-Aryan languages	16,275	8,560	7,720	7.3	7.8	6.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	1,800	900	900	0.8	0.8	0.8
Gujarati	3,305	1,835	1,470	1.5	1.7	1.3
Hindi	7,655	4,070	3,585	3.5	3.7	3.2
Kacchi	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	260	130	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nepali	390	205	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oriya languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	5,900	3,140	2,760	2.7	2.9	2.5
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	3,900	2,015	1,885	1.8	1.8	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	210	120	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian languages	1,075	590	480	0.5	0.5	0.4
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	100	40	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	260	145	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian languages	760	425	335	0.3	0.4	0.3
Dari	355	185	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian Persian	410	240	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	3,610	1,725	1,885	1.6	1.6	1.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	575	235	340	0.3	0.2	0.3
Portuguese	340	165	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	190	115	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	2,650	1,280	1,380	1.2	1.2	1.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	400	175	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	620	295	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	3,090	1,570	1,515	1.4	1.4	1.3
Akan (Twi)	195	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	65	40	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	75	55	25	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ganda	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	530	285	240	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	155	75	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lingala	45	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	160	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Shona	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	460	235	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,260	630	630	0.6	0.6	0.6
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	310	160	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	185	85	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dinka	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	130	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	305	180	125	0.1	0.2	0.1
American Sign Language	250	135	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	50	50	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	6,005	2,940	3,070	2.7	2.7	2.7
Chinese languages	5,295	2,625	2,675	2.4	2.4	2.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	4,110	2,040	2,070	1.9	1.9	1.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	70	35	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	1,560	750	810	0.7	0.7	0.7
Chinese, n.o.s.	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	660	295	365	0.3	0.3	0.3
Burmese	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kuki-Chin languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	500	220	280	0.2	0.2	0.2
S'gaw Karen	440	200	240	0.2	0.2	0.2
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	60	20	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	75	25	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	60	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	185	105	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Thai	95	30	65	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	190	85	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azerbaijani	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	170	80	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	305	150	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	295	145	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	70	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	221,690	109,315	112,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	23,215	11,005	12,215	10.5	10.1	10.9
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	22,645	10,730	11,915	10.2	9.8	10.6
First Nations (North American Indian)	13,995	6,550	7,440	6.3	6.0	6.6
Métis	8,515	4,135	4,380	3.8	3.8	3.9
Inuk (Inuit)	140	45	90	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	370	170	195	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	200	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	198,470	98,315	100,160	89.5	89.9	89.1
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	221,690	109,315	112,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	12,650	5,890	6,760	5.7	5.4	6.0
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	209,040	103,430	105,615	94.3	94.6	94.0
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	91,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	60,885	...	...	66.5	...	...
Renter	30,630	...	...	33.5	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	91,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	13,930	...	...	15.2	...	...
Not condominium	77,585	...	...	84.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	91,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	510	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	10,770	...	...	11.8	...	...
2 bedrooms	23,535	...	...	25.7	...	...
3 bedrooms	30,670	...	...	33.5	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	26,030	...	...	28.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	91,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	27,205	...	...	29.7	...	...
5 rooms	14,100	...	...	15.4	...	...
6 rooms	12,550	...	...	13.7	...	...
7 rooms	11,535	...	...	12.6	...	...
8 or more rooms	26,120	...	...	28.5	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	91,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	88,495	...	...	96.7	...	...
More than one person per room	3,020	...	...	3.3	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	91,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	85,935	...	...	93.9	...	...
Not suitable	5,580	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	91,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	18,275	...	...	20.0	...	...
1961 to 1980	31,775	...	...	34.7	...	...
1981 to 1990	11,300	...	...	12.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,805	...	...	6.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	3,955	...	...	4.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	5,265	...	...	5.8	...	...
2011 to 2015	9,020	...	...	9.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	6,120	...	...	6.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	91,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	84,805	...	...	92.7	...	...
Major repairs needed	6,710	...	...	7.3	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	91,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	46,525	...	...	50.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	40,970	...	...	44.8	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	4,025	...	...	4.4	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	91,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	3,715	...	...	4.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	15,245	...	...	16.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	18,925	...	...	20.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	15,180	...	...	16.6	...	...
55 to 64 years	16,490	...	...	18.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	12,320	...	...	13.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	6,570	...	...	7.2	...	...
85 years and over	3,070	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	91,075	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	73,495	...	...	80.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	17,580	...	...	19.3	...	...
30% to less than 100%	16,045	...	...	17.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	91,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	27,150	...	...	29.7	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	15,330	...	...	16.8	...	...
Not suitable only	4,380	...	...	4.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	4,815	...	...	5.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	735	...	...	0.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	1,430	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	380	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	85	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	64,365	...	...	70.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	89,540	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	9,240	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	80,295	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	60,875	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	63.0	...	...	63.0	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.2	...	...	11.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,400	...	...	1,400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,460	...	...	1,460	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	340,000	...	...	340,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	361,200	...	...	361,200	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,635	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	15.0	...	...	15.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	35.6	...	...	35.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.2	...	...	23.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,140	...	...	1,140	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,212	...	...	1,212	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	0	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	...	...	...	...	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	...	...	...	...	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	221,690	109,315	112,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	12,370	5,750	6,620	5.6	5.3	5.9
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	11,870	5,535	6,330	5.4	5.1	5.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	9,835	4,560	5,275	4.4	4.2	4.7
Métis single ancestry	1,980	965	1,010	0.9	0.9	0.9
Inuit single ancestry	55	10	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	500	210	290	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	485	195	290	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	11,550	5,595	5,960	5.2	5.1	5.3
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	10,970	5,345	5,625	4.9	4.9	5.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	6,015	2,945	3,065	2.7	2.7	2.7
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,880	2,375	2,510	2.2	2.2	2.2
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	575	245	335	0.3	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	525	225	305	0.2	0.2	0.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	197,770	97,975	99,790	89.2	89.6	88.8
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	221,690	109,315	112,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	193,955	95,200	98,755	87.5	87.1	87.9
Canadian citizens aged under 18	44,740	22,730	22,005	20.2	20.8	19.6
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	149,220	72,470	76,750	67.3	66.3	68.3
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	27,735	14,115	13,620	12.5	12.9	12.1
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	221,690	109,315	112,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	170,680	83,530	87,150	77.0	76.4	77.6
Immigrants⁸¹	44,925	22,355	22,570	20.3	20.5	20.1
Before 1980	3,800	1,885	1,910	1.7	1.7	1.7
1980 to 1990	1,860	935	925	0.8	0.9	0.8
1991 to 2000	2,655	1,230	1,420	1.2	1.1	1.3
2001 to 2010	9,020	4,390	4,630	4.1	4.0	4.1
2011 to 2021⁸²	27,590	13,920	13,675	12.4	12.7	12.2
2011 to 2015	12,765	6,570	6,195	5.8	6.0	5.5
2016 to 2021	14,830	7,345	7,480	6.7	6.7	6.7
Non-permanent residents⁸³	6,085	3,430	2,655	2.7	3.1	2.4
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	44,930	22,355	22,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	4,305	2,270	2,035	9.6	10.2	9.0
5 to 14 years	8,125	4,385	3,740	18.1	19.6	16.6
15 to 24 years	7,140	3,210	3,935	15.9	14.4	17.4
25 to 44 years	21,660	10,580	11,085	48.2	47.3	49.1
45 years and over	3,690	1,920	1,770	8.2	8.6	7.8
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	44,930	22,355	22,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	3,250	1,560	1,690	7.2	7.0	7.5
Brazil	100	55	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Colombia	110	70	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
El Salvador	160	80	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Guyana	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Haiti	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Jamaica	665	315	355	1.5	1.4	1.6
Mexico	320	170	150	0.7	0.8	0.7
Peru	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidad and Tobago	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
United States of America	1,145	495	655	2.5	2.2	2.9
Other places of birth in Americas	525	285	240	1.2	1.3	1.1
Europe	5,630	2,845	2,780	12.5	12.7	12.3
Bosnia and Herzegovina	195	95	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
Croatia	220	120	100	0.5	0.5	0.4
France	115	45	70	0.3	0.2	0.3
Germany	435	200	235	1.0	0.9	1.0
Greece	250	150	100	0.6	0.7	0.4
Hungary	120	65	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Italy	290	140	150	0.6	0.6	0.7
Netherlands	200	135	65	0.4	0.6	0.3
Poland	215	95	125	0.5	0.4	0.6
Portugal	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romania	180	90	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Russian Federation	200	95	105	0.4	0.4	0.5
Serbia⁸⁶	95	50	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ukraine	885	405	475	2.0	1.8	2.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,360	695	670	3.0	3.1	3.0
Other places of birth in Europe	835	455	375	1.9	2.0	1.7
Africa	6,205	3,225	2,980	13.8	14.4	13.2
Algeria	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	220	110	110	0.5	0.5	0.5
Egypt	330	165	170	0.7	0.7	0.8
Eritrea	425	220	205	0.9	1.0	0.9
Ethiopia	320	130	195	0.7	0.6	0.9
Morocco	30	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	2,210	1,150	1,060	4.9	5.1	4.7
Somalia	335	160	175	0.7	0.7	0.8
South Africa, Republic of	325	190	140	0.7	0.8	0.6
Other places of birth in Africa	2,005	1,085	925	4.5	4.9	4.1
Asia	29,695	14,670	15,030	66.1	65.6	66.6
Afghanistan	260	125	135	0.6	0.6	0.6
Iran⁸⁸	250	155	100	0.6	0.7	0.4
Iraq	195	95	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lebanon	75	55	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Syria⁸⁹	640	290	355	1.4	1.3	1.6
Turkey	90	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
China⁹⁰	2,890	1,350	1,545	6.4	6.0	6.8
Hong Kong⁹¹	255	125	130	0.6	0.6	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	390	180	205	0.9	0.8	0.9
Taiwan	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	9,810	4,710	5,105	21.8	21.1	22.6
Viet Nam	1,410	640	775	3.1	2.9	3.4
Bangladesh	1,235	660	580	2.7	3.0	2.6
India	7,315	3,785	3,530	16.3	16.9	15.6
Pakistan	2,630	1,325	1,305	5.9	5.9	5.8
Sri Lanka	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other places of birth in Asia	2,135	1,060	1,075	4.8	4.7	4.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	145	55	85	0.3	0.2	0.4
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	14,830	7,345	7,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	790	405	385	5.3	5.5	5.1
Brazil	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.3
Colombia	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	230	125	100	1.6	1.7	1.3
Mexico	100	50	45	0.7	0.7	0.6
United States of America	265	110	155	1.8	1.5	2.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Other places of birth in Americas	110	60	45	0.7	0.8	0.6
Europe	745	435	310	5.0	5.9	4.1
France	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	30	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Ireland⁹⁶	60	40	20	0.4	0.5	0.3
Italy	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Ukraine	160	75	85	1.1	1.0	1.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	155	100	55	1.0	1.4	0.7
Other places of birth in Europe	280	170	105	1.9	2.3	1.4
Africa	2,755	1,420	1,330	18.6	19.3	17.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cameroon	25	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.3
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	45	30	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
Côte d'Ivoire	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Egypt	165	80	85	1.1	1.1	1.1
Eritrea	215	105	110	1.4	1.4	1.5
Ethiopia	95	30	60	0.6	0.4	0.8
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	1,405	750	650	9.5	10.2	8.7
Somalia	75	35	40	0.5	0.5	0.5
South Africa, Republic of	90	55	30	0.6	0.7	0.4
Sudan⁹⁷	110	55	55	0.7	0.7	0.7
Tunisia	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	470	230	235	3.2	3.1	3.1
Asia	10,520	5,085	5,430	70.9	69.2	72.6
Afghanistan	105	40	65	0.7	0.5	0.9
Bangladesh	490	245	250	3.3	3.3	3.3
China⁹⁰	1,215	605	610	8.2	8.2	8.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
India	3,940	1,955	1,985	26.6	26.6	26.5
Iran⁸⁸	40	20	20	0.3	0.3	0.3
Iraq	45	20	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Israel	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Japan	15	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.3
Jordan	60	35	30	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	75	30	50	0.5	0.4	0.7
Lebanon	40	30	10	0.3	0.4	0.1
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	785	400	385	5.3	5.4	5.1
Philippines	2,315	1,080	1,235	15.6	14.7	16.5
Saudi Arabia	135	75	65	0.9	1.0	0.9
Sri Lanka	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	555	260	300	3.7	3.5	4.0
Turkey	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
United Arab Emirates	55	20	35	0.4	0.3	0.5
Viet Nam	320	130	190	2.2	1.8	2.5
Other places of birth in Asia	220	110	110	1.5	1.5	1.5
Oceania and other⁹³	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Australia	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	221,690	109,315	112,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	52,125	26,270	25,855	23.5	24.0	23.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	28,965	13,870	15,100	13.1	12.7	13.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	140,600	69,175	71,425	63.4	63.3	63.6
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	41,130	20,470	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	28,550	14,690	13,855	69.4	71.8	67.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	11,695	7,420	4,275	28.4	36.2	20.7
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	16,850	7,270	9,580	41.0	35.5	46.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	7,240	3,015	4,230	17.6	14.7	20.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	5,255	2,725	2,530	12.8	13.3	12.2
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	41,130	20,470	20,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	545	305	235	1.3	1.5	1.1
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	4,870	2,630	2,240	11.8	12.8	10.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	1,240	665	575	3.0	3.2	2.8
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	3,565	2,130	1,435	8.7	10.4	6.9
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	180	80	95	0.4	0.4	0.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	30,725	14,650	16,080	74.7	71.6	77.9
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	221,690	109,315	112,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	56,950	28,770	28,180	25.7	26.3	25.1
South Asian	19,060	9,965	9,095	8.6	9.1	8.1
Chinese	5,865	2,960	2,905	2.6	2.7	2.6
Black	9,715	4,975	4,740	4.4	4.6	4.2
Filipino	11,950	5,740	6,210	5.4	5.3	5.5
Arab	1,975	1,020	950	0.9	0.9	0.8
Latin American	1,410	690	720	0.6	0.6	0.6
Southeast Asian	3,505	1,720	1,780	1.6	1.6	1.6
West Asian	915	495	425	0.4	0.5	0.4
Korean	605	275	330	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	275	120	155	0.1	0.1	0.1
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	380	165	210	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	1,295	640	650	0.6	0.6	0.6
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	164,745	80,545	84,200	74.3	73.7	74.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	221,690	109,315	112,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	18,625	9,375	9,250	8.4	8.6	8.2
English	40,980	19,975	21,005	18.5	18.3	18.7
Irish	28,935	13,730	15,200	13.1	12.6	13.5
Scottish	34,010	16,550	17,455	15.3	15.1	15.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	18,485	8,980	9,505	8.3	8.2	8.5
German	55,110	26,770	28,340	24.9	24.5	25.2
Chinese	6,325	3,150	3,175	2.9	2.9	2.8
Italian	2,995	1,440	1,550	1.4	1.3	1.4
Indian (India)	9,370	4,965	4,405	4.2	4.5	3.9
Ukrainian	25,625	12,320	13,305	11.6	11.3	11.8
Dutch	4,700	2,265	2,435	2.1	2.1	2.2
Polish	11,220	5,325	5,895	5.1	4.9	5.2
Québécois	175	80	95	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,010	2,510	2,490	2.3	2.3	2.2
Filipino	10,770	5,200	5,575	4.9	4.8	5.0
French Canadian	1,005	540	470	0.5	0.5	0.4
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,920	1,565	1,355	1.3	1.4	1.2
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	8,060	3,865	4,190	3.6	3.5	3.7
Métis	7,895	3,770	4,125	3.6	3.4	3.7
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,290	1,190	1,095	1.0	1.1	1.0
Russian	6,035	2,925	3,110	2.7	2.7	2.8
Norwegian	9,645	4,585	5,060	4.4	4.2	4.5
Welsh	3,675	1,805	1,875	1.7	1.7	1.7
Portuguese	440	220	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
American	2,220	1,155	1,065	1.0	1.1	0.9
Spanish	1,600	690	915	0.7	0.6	0.8
Swedish	5,030	2,365	2,665	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hungarian	8,180	4,040	4,135	3.7	3.7	3.7
Acadian	150	80	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pakistani	2,890	1,470	1,415	1.3	1.3	1.3
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	1,725	905	820	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jewish	750	400	355	0.3	0.4	0.3
Punjabi	1,870	985	875	0.8	0.9	0.8
Vietnamese	2,055	1,015	1,040	0.9	0.9	0.9
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	995	530	465	0.4	0.5	0.4
Greek	1,260	675	585	0.6	0.6	0.5
Jamaican	950	435	515	0.4	0.4	0.5
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	2,120	1,035	1,075	1.0	0.9	1.0
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	4,185	1,935	2,250	1.9	1.8	2.0
Korean	605	285	325	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	4,540	2,195	2,340	2.0	2.0	2.1
Lebanese	295	150	150	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	400	230	170	0.2	0.2	0.2
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	540	290	255	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	2,045	950	1,095	0.9	0.9	1.0
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	2,060	940	1,120	0.9	0.9	1.0
Sikh	1,160	635	525	0.5	0.6	0.5
Austrian	5,835	2,840	3,000	2.6	2.6	2.7
Belgian	1,575	815	765	0.7	0.7	0.7
Haitian	50	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	1,330	690	640	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mexican	570	300	275	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mennonite	745	365	380	0.3	0.3	0.3
Swiss	780	400	375	0.4	0.4	0.3
Finnish	820	375	450	0.4	0.3	0.4
Sri Lankan	100	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	620	320	300	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	365	145	215	0.2	0.1	0.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	425	210	215	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	125	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	1,175	620	555	0.5	0.6	0.5
Muslim	620	330	285	0.3	0.3	0.3
Egyptian	375	200	175	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	185	80	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	120	65	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Icelandic	1,290	545	740	0.6	0.5	0.7
Colombian	160	80	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	25	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	1,030	500	530	0.5	0.5	0.5
Syrian	475	200	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	125	45	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Afghan	455	240	220	0.2	0.2	0.2
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	180	85	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	460	220	245	0.2	0.2	0.2
Ojibway	420	185	235	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	80	45	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Konger	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	90	40	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian	170	100	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	145	80	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	225	120	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	200	70	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladeshi	1,215	625	590	0.5	0.6	0.5
Algerian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	195	100	100	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	1,425	770	655	0.6	0.7	0.6
Armenian	55	25	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	345	210	135	0.2	0.2	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	405	175	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Somali	625	270	350	0.3	0.2	0.3
Taiwanese	65	50	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	165	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salvadorean	160	85	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	150	80	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	365	180	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	235	110	120	0.1	0.1	0.1
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	125	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquin	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	65	40	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	265	160	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Australian	240	125	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Palestinian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	300	185	115	0.1	0.2	0.1
Congolese	135	85	50	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nova Scotian	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	350	165	185	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	115	40	70	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	55	15	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	1,120	580	550	0.5	0.5	0.5
Cambodian (Khmer)	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	195	115	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	70	40	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	185	100	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Brunswicker	30	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	460	230	230	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrean	640	340	305	0.3	0.3	0.3
African Canadian	140	80	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Israeli	90	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	40	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	435	185	250	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	55	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ghanaian	235	105	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Barbadian	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	175	65	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	110	45	70	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cuban	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	220	105	115	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	95	50	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	450	225	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Cameroonian	75	30	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	35	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	20	55	0.0	0.0	0.0
Laotian	340	195	150	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ilocano	405	205	200	0.2	0.2	0.2
Northern Irish	100	55	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	65	45	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ecuadorian	45	35	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	65	20	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	80	35	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	60	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	110	60	40	0.0	0.1	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	60	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	55	35	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	185	80	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	65	30	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	285	155	130	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	30	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	595	320	280	0.3	0.3	0.2
Byelorussian	90	50	40	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	130	65	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	65	45	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sudanese	245	120	125	0.1	0.1	0.1
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	55	35	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	565	250	315	0.3	0.2	0.3
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	1,300	625	675	0.6	0.6	0.6
Buddhist	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	115	40	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ivorian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	1,360	610	750	0.6	0.6	0.7
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	100	55	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Burundian	105	55	55	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tigrinya	185	100	85	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nicaraguan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	75	50	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	115	50	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	55	45	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	135	75	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	190	105	90	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chaldean	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	85	40	45	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	60	30	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	95	45	50	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	210	100	110	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	100	60	45	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oromo	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	170	85	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fulani	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	60	30	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	45	30	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	45	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	470	245	225	0.2	0.2	0.2
Edo	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	221,690	109,315	112,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	1,790	850	935	0.8	0.8	0.8
Christian	117,210	54,655	62,555	52.9	50.0	55.7
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	17,330	8,375	8,950	7.8	7.7	8.0
Anabaptist	455	195	270	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	4,620	2,070	2,550	2.1	1.9	2.3
Baptist	2,830	1,320	1,510	1.3	1.2	1.3
Catholic	53,710	25,495	28,210	24.2	23.3	25.1
Christian Orthodox	3,715	1,850	1,865	1.7	1.7	1.7
Jehovah's Witness	915	425	495	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latter Day Saints	520	280	245	0.2	0.3	0.2
Lutheran	10,820	4,930	5,895	4.9	4.5	5.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	350	150	200	0.2	0.1	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	3,075	1,415	1,660	1.4	1.3	1.5
Presbyterian	905	415	490	0.4	0.4	0.4
Reformed	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	12,810	5,375	7,435	5.8	4.9	6.6
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	5,020	2,305	2,715	2.3	2.1	2.4
Hindu	6,540	3,470	3,075	3.0	3.2	2.7
Jewish	365	210	155	0.2	0.2	0.1
Muslim	10,225	5,165	5,065	4.6	4.7	4.5
Sikh	4,265	2,225	2,040	1.9	2.0	1.8
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	1,210	470	740	0.5	0.4	0.7
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,555	695	855	0.7	0.6	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	78,540	41,570	36,970	35.4	38.0	32.9
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	219,140	108,050	111,090	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	186,190	91,720	94,470	85.0	84.9	85.0
Movers	32,950	16,330	16,620	15.0	15.1	15.0
Non-migrants	24,965	12,265	12,700	11.4	11.4	11.4
Migrants	7,990	4,065	3,920	3.6	3.8	3.5
Internal migrants	5,550	2,810	2,740	2.5	2.6	2.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,360	1,650	1,710	1.5	1.5	1.5
Interprovincial migrants	2,190	1,165	1,030	1.0	1.1	0.9
External migrants	2,435	1,255	1,180	1.1	1.2	1.1
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	208,360	102,670	105,690	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	120,845	59,650	61,195	58.0	58.1	57.9
Movers	87,515	43,020	44,490	42.0	41.9	42.1
Non-migrants	53,560	26,335	27,225	25.7	25.7	25.8
Migrants	33,950	16,685	17,265	16.3	16.3	16.3
Internal migrants	19,505	9,425	10,085	9.4	9.2	9.5
Intraprovincial migrants	12,955	6,170	6,785	6.2	6.0	6.4
Interprovincial migrants	6,550	3,250	3,300	3.1	3.2	3.1
External migrants	14,445	7,260	7,180	6.9	7.1	6.8
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	179,420	87,785	91,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	27,045	14,580	12,465	15.1	16.6	13.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	152,375	73,205	79,170	84.9	83.4	86.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	119,355	59,110	60,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	10,535	6,285	4,255	8.8	10.6	7.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	108,820	52,825	55,995	91.2	89.4	92.9
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	179,425	87,780	91,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	24,545	12,855	11,695	13.7	14.6	12.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	56,500	28,310	28,185	31.5	32.3	30.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	98,380	46,620	51,760	54.8	53.1	56.5
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	47,550	23,400	24,155	26.5	26.7	26.4
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	14,275	10,290	3,985	8.0	11.7	4.3
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	5,910	3,275	2,630	3.3	3.7	2.9
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	8,365	7,015	1,355	4.7	8.0	1.5
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	25,700	10,135	15,570	14.3	11.5	17.0
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	7,570	2,975	4,595	4.2	3.4	5.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	50,830	23,220	27,610	28.3	26.5	30.1
Bachelor's degree	35,580	15,920	19,655	19.8	18.1	21.4
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,525	1,165	1,365	1.4	1.3	1.5
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,305	625	680	0.7	0.7	0.7
Master's degree	10,005	4,665	5,335	5.6	5.3	5.8
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,415	840	575	0.8	1.0	0.6
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	119,355	59,110	60,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	9,210	5,330	3,880	7.7	9.0	6.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	33,225	17,385	15,845	27.8	29.4	26.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	76,925	36,395	40,525	64.5	61.6	67.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	34,900	17,525	17,375	29.2	29.6	28.8
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	10,695	7,800	2,895	9.0	13.2	4.8
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	4,320	2,465	1,855	3.6	4.2	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	6,375	5,335	1,035	5.3	9.0	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	19,235	7,730	11,505	16.1	13.1	19.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,970	1,995	2,980	4.2	3.4	4.9
Bachelor's degree or higher	42,020	18,870	23,150	35.2	31.9	38.4
Bachelor's degree	29,090	12,905	16,190	24.4	21.8	26.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	2,045	930	1,115	1.7	1.6	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	1,120	490	630	0.9	0.8	1.0
Master's degree	8,690	3,935	4,755	7.3	6.7	7.9
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	1,080	615	460	0.9	1.0	0.8
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	179,425	87,785	91,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	81,045	41,165	39,875	45.2	46.9	43.5
Education	7,875	2,050	5,825	4.4	2.3	6.4
13. Education	7,875	2,050	5,825	4.4	2.3	6.4
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,555	1,165	1,390	1.4	1.3	1.5
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	375	255	120	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	2,180	910	1,275	1.2	1.0	1.4
Humanities	4,605	1,780	2,820	2.6	2.0	3.1
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	375	95	280	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	1,125	345	785	0.6	0.4	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,265	410	855	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	85	25	60	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	360	175	190	0.2	0.2	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	705	405	295	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	605	320	285	0.3	0.4	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	85	10	75	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	9,170	3,505	5,665	5.1	4.0	6.2
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	180	40	140	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	1,095	505	590	0.6	0.6	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,280	100	1,180	0.7	0.1	1.3
22. Legal professions and studies	1,395	680	715	0.8	0.8	0.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	180	75	105	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,910	550	1,355	1.1	0.6	1.5
45. Social sciences	3,130	1,555	1,580	1.7	1.8	1.7
Business, management and public administration	24,800	9,715	15,090	13.8	11.1	16.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	2,235	625	1,610	1.2	0.7	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	22,540	9,075	13,465	12.6	10.3	14.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	3,050	1,475	1,570	1.7	1.7	1.7
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	1,215	535	680	0.7	0.6	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	640	270	370	0.4	0.3	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	960	605	355	0.5	0.7	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	190	55	135	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	5,345	3,535	1,810	3.0	4.0	2.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	4,525	3,175	1,355	2.5	3.6	1.5
25. Library science	205	45	165	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	540	280	255	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	75	40	35	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	19,310	17,400	1,915	10.8	19.8	2.1
04. Architecture and related services	510	325	190	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	5,160	4,165	995	2.9	4.7	1.1
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,920	3,520	400	2.2	4.0	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	4,710	4,585	130	2.6	5.2	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	3,045	2,990	55	1.7	3.4	0.1
48. Precision production	1,960	1,815	145	1.1	2.1	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,670	1,000	670	0.9	1.1	0.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	1,260	725	530	0.7	0.8	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	410	275	135	0.2	0.3	0.1
Health and related fields	15,365	3,075	12,290	8.6	3.5	13.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	1,135	575	560	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	13,810	2,275	11,530	7.7	2.6	12.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	390	205	180	0.2	0.2	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	4,635	1,915	2,720	2.6	2.2	3.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,975	670	2,300	1.7	0.8	2.5
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	1,040	670	370	0.6	0.8	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	600	560	40	0.3	0.6	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	119,355	59,110	60,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	42,435	22,715	19,720	35.6	38.4	32.7
Education	5,310	1,325	3,990	4.4	2.2	6.6
13. Education	5,310	1,325	3,990	4.4	2.2	6.6
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	2,055	940	1,115	1.7	1.6	1.9
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	270	190	80	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,780	750	1,035	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	3,435	1,315	2,120	2.9	2.2	3.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	280	75	200	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	870	270	600	0.7	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	1,005	340	670	0.8	0.6	1.1
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	60	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	270	115	155	0.2	0.2	0.3
39. Theology and religious vocations	450	270	180	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	450	220	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	60	0	55	0.1	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	7,455	2,760	4,700	6.2	4.7	7.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	165	35	130	0.1	0.1	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	960	465	490	0.8	0.8	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	1,045	95	950	0.9	0.2	1.6
22. Legal professions and studies	1,105	495	610	0.9	0.8	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	145	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	1,410	360	1,050	1.2	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	2,630	1,250	1,375	2.2	2.1	2.3
Business, management and public administration	20,060	7,765	12,290	16.8	13.1	20.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,820	470	1,345	1.5	0.8	2.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	18,210	7,285	10,930	15.3	12.3	18.1
Physical and life sciences and technologies	2,430	1,140	1,290	2.0	1.9	2.1
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	960	395	565	0.8	0.7	0.9
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	495	205	295	0.4	0.3	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	785	485	300	0.7	0.8	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	150	45	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	4,490	2,935	1,555	3.8	5.0	2.6
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	3,895	2,705	1,195	3.3	4.6	2.0
25. Library science	155	30	120	0.1	0.1	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	380	175	205	0.3	0.3	0.3
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	15,135	13,500	1,635	12.7	22.8	2.7
04. Architecture and related services	395	225	170	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	4,345	3,465	880	3.6	5.9	1.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	3,055	2,710	350	2.6	4.6	0.6
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	3,550	3,455	95	3.0	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,295	2,260	35	1.9	3.8	0.1
48. Precision production	1,500	1,390	105	1.3	2.4	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,280	720	560	1.1	1.2	0.9
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	930	485	435	0.8	0.8	0.7
03. Natural resources and conservation	360	235	125	0.3	0.4	0.2
Health and related fields	11,590	2,475	9,120	9.7	4.2	15.1
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	830	435	390	0.7	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	10,415	1,860	8,550	8.7	3.1	14.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	325	165	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,680	1,525	2,150	3.1	2.6	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,365	560	1,805	2.0	0.9	3.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	820	515	305	0.7	0.9	0.5
49. Transportation and materials moving	495	455	35	0.4	0.8	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	119,355	59,110	60,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	42,435	22,715	19,720	35.6	38.4	32.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	76,920	36,400	40,525	64.4	61.6	67.3
Location of study inside Canada	58,820	27,635	31,185	49.3	46.8	51.8
Same as province or territory of residence	48,560	22,445	26,115	40.7	38.0	43.3
Different than province or territory of residence	10,260	5,190	5,070	8.6	8.8	8.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	18,105	8,765	9,340	15.2	14.8	15.5
Americas	1,705	845	855	1.4	1.4	1.4
United States of America	1,250	660	585	1.0	1.1	1.0
Mexico	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	110	35	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Brazil	95	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Colombia	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	115	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	1,860	1,030	830	1.6	1.7	1.4
Belgium	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	50	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	70	55	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Netherlands	35	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	105	60	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	425	205	225	0.4	0.3	0.4
Ireland⁹⁶	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	595	380	215	0.5	0.6	0.4
Bosnia and Herzegovina	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	30	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	270	125	150	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	1,650	830	825	1.4	1.4	1.4
Nigeria	900	455	450	0.8	0.8	0.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	135	60	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
South Africa, Republic of	130	70	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	470	225	240	0.4	0.4	0.4
Asia	12,690	5,940	6,755	10.6	10.0	11.2
Iran⁸⁸	170	90	85	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iraq	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,140	515	625	1.0	0.9	1.0
Taiwan	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	55	15	40	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korea, South⁹²	170	60	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Philippines	4,270	1,885	2,385	3.6	3.2	4.0
Viet Nam	345	165	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bangladesh	575	265	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Sri Lanka	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	4,445	2,220	2,230	3.7	3.8	3.7
Pakistan	985	470	520	0.8	0.8	0.9
Other locations of study in Asia	300	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.2
Oceania	200	125	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Australia	170	115	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	179,425	87,780	91,640	...	...	...
In the labour force	121,005	62,805	58,200	...	...	...
Employed	108,995	56,260	52,730	...	...	...
Unemployed	12,010	6,545	5,465	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	58,420	24,975	33,445	...	...	...
Participation rate	67.4	71.5	63.5	67.4	71.5	63.5
Employment rate	60.7	64.1	57.5	60.7	64.1	57.5
Unemployment rate	9.9	10.4	9.4	9.9	10.4	9.4
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	179,425	87,780	91,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	60,115	26,520	33,595	33.5	30.2	36.7
Worked	119,310	61,265	58,045	66.5	69.8	63.3
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	67,915	36,760	31,150	37.9	41.9	34.0
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	51,395	24,505	26,895	28.6	27.9	29.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	42.1	42.7	41.5	42.1	42.7	41.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	121,005	62,805	58,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500	1,890	1,610	2.9	3.0	2.8
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	117,500	60,920	56,585	97.1	97.0	97.2
Employee	104,830	53,235	51,600	86.6	84.8	88.7
Permanent position	87,010	44,865	42,145	71.9	71.4	72.4
Temporary position	17,820	8,370	9,455	14.7	13.3	16.2
Fixed term (1 year or more)	5,645	2,415	3,230	4.7	3.8	5.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	12,170	5,950	6,220	10.1	9.5	10.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	12,675	7,680	4,990	10.5	12.2	8.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	121,005	62,805	58,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500	1,890	1,610	2.9	3.0	2.8
All occupations¹⁹¹	117,500	60,920	56,585	97.1	97.0	97.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	1,245	800	450	1.0	1.3	0.8
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	22,300	7,245	15,055	18.4	11.5	25.9
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	9,265	7,135	2,130	7.7	11.4	3.7
3 Health occupations	10,415	2,025	8,385	8.6	3.2	14.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	15,740	5,575	10,160	13.0	8.9	17.5
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	2,830	1,265	1,565	2.3	2.0	2.7
6 Sales and service occupations	31,030	14,550	16,475	25.6	23.2	28.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	19,515	17,990	1,525	16.1	28.6	2.6
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,945	1,520	425	1.6	2.4	0.7
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	3,225	2,820	405	2.7	4.5	0.7
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	121,005	62,805	58,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	3,500	1,890	1,610	2.9	3.0	2.8
All industries¹⁹¹	117,500	60,920	56,585	97.1	97.0	97.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,140	820	320	0.9	1.3	0.5
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,060	890	175	0.9	1.4	0.3
22 Utilities	1,900	1,170	730	1.6	1.9	1.3
23 Construction	8,300	7,235	1,065	6.9	11.5	1.8
31-33 Manufacturing	5,285	4,480	805	4.4	7.1	1.4
41 Wholesale trade	4,275	3,260	1,015	3.5	5.2	1.7
44-45 Retail trade	13,910	7,285	6,625	11.5	11.6	11.4
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	5,065	4,155	915	4.2	6.6	1.6
51 Information and cultural industries	3,100	1,790	1,310	2.6	2.9	2.3
52 Finance and insurance	6,850	2,785	4,065	5.7	4.4	7.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	2,020	1,125	895	1.7	1.8	1.5
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	7,145	4,085	3,060	5.9	6.5	5.3
55 Management of companies and enterprises	185	80	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	4,330	2,545	1,785	3.6	4.1	3.1
61 Educational services	8,450	2,850	5,600	7.0	4.5	9.6
62 Health care and social assistance	17,270	3,470	13,800	14.3	5.5	23.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	2,285	1,180	1,110	1.9	1.9	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	7,600	3,620	3,980	6.3	5.8	6.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	5,640	2,620	3,025	4.7	4.2	5.2
91 Public administration	11,705	5,500	6,205	9.7	8.8	10.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	127,525	65,550	61,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	122,720	63,280	59,440	96.2	96.5	95.9
French	390	125	265	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	575	275	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	575	275	300	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and French	1,175	415	765	0.9	0.6	1.2
English and non-official language(s)	2,550	1,390	1,160	2.0	2.1	1.9
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple non-official languages	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	127,525	65,550	61,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	126,845	65,215	61,625	99.5	99.5	99.4
Official languages	125,890	64,705	61,185	98.7	98.7	98.7
English	125,175	64,500	60,675	98.2	98.4	97.9
French	715	200	515	0.6	0.3	0.8
Non-official languages	955	515	440	0.7	0.8	0.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	950	510	440	0.7	0.8	0.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	225	115	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	160	85	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages	125	65	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	70	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	520	300	225	0.4	0.5	0.4
Chinese languages	495	285	210	0.4	0.4	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	375	215	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	680	335	345	0.5	0.5	0.6
English and French	135	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	535	280	255	0.4	0.4	0.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	127,525	65,550	61,975	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	124,260	63,945	60,310	97.4	97.6	97.3
English	625	270	360	0.5	0.4	0.6
French	740	295	445	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	1,470	815	655	1.2	1.2	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,435	805	630	1.1	1.2	1.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	50	30	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	330	175	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	108,995	56,260	52,730	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	22,210	10,105	12,105	20.4	18.0	23.0
Worked outside Canada	195	155	40	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	12,135	9,350	2,780	11.1	16.6	5.3
Usual place of work	74,455	36,650	37,805	68.3	65.1	71.7
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	74,455	36,650	37,805	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	68,075	32,200	35,875	91.4	87.9	94.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,840	3,470	1,370	6.5	9.5	3.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,135	700	435	1.5	1.9	1.2
Commute to a different province or territory	400	280	120	0.5	0.8	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	86,590	46,000	40,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	78,075	42,420	35,655	90.2	92.2	87.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	72,120	40,605	31,510	83.3	88.3	77.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	5,955	1,815	4,140	6.9	3.9	10.2
Public transit	3,135	1,205	1,930	3.6	2.6	4.8
Walked	3,160	1,320	1,840	3.6	2.9	4.5
Bicycle	500	340	155	0.6	0.7	0.4
Other method	1,725	715	1,010	2.0	1.6	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	86,590	46,000	40,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	36,190	18,130	18,065	41.8	39.4	44.5
15 to 29 minutes	41,600	22,615	18,990	48.0	49.2	46.8
30 to 44 minutes	5,185	3,045	2,145	6.0	6.6	5.3
45 to 59 minutes	1,805	1,065	740	2.1	2.3	1.8
60 minutes and over	1,800	1,155	650	2.1	2.5	1.6
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	86,590	46,000	40,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	4,015	2,915	1,100	4.6	6.3	2.7
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	13,870	8,490	5,385	16.0	18.5	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	27,700	14,360	13,345	32.0	31.2	32.9
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	17,120	8,050	9,065	19.8	17.5	22.3
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	10,195	4,570	5,625	11.8	9.9	13.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	13,685	7,620	6,065	15.8	16.6	14.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	50,790	25,990	24,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,915	1,995	1,925	7.7	7.7	7.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	46,875	23,995	22,880	92.3	92.3	92.3
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	36,290	18,710	17,590	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,000	1,540	1,460	8.3	8.2	8.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	2,150	1,060	1,095	5.9	5.7	6.2
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	850	480	375	2.3	2.6	2.1
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	33,295	17,170	16,125	91.7	91.8	91.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed July 3, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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