Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	PentictonMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	36,893	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	33,899^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.8	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total private dwellings²	18,426	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	17,361	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,427.7	...	...	1,427.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	25.84	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	36,895	17,315	19,585	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	4,335	2,190	2,145	11.7	12.6	11.0
0 to 4 years	1,290	620	670	3.5	3.6	3.4
5 to 9 years	1,450	750	700	3.9	4.3	3.6
10 to 14 years	1,595	820	775	4.3	4.7	4.0
15 to 64 years	21,090	10,115	10,970	57.2	58.4	56.0
15 to 19 years	1,500	790	710	4.1	4.6	3.6
20 to 24 years	1,555	790	765	4.2	4.6	3.9
25 to 29 years	1,755	850	905	4.8	4.9	4.6
30 to 34 years	2,035	975	1,060	5.5	5.6	5.4
35 to 39 years	2,130	1,015	1,115	5.8	5.9	5.7
40 to 44 years	2,010	1,015	995	5.4	5.9	5.1
45 to 49 years	1,945	935	1,010	5.3	5.4	5.2
50 to 54 years	2,135	985	1,150	5.8	5.7	5.9
55 to 59 years	2,745	1,275	1,465	7.4	7.4	7.5
60 to 64 years	3,290	1,490	1,800	8.9	8.6	9.2
65 years and over	11,470	5,000	6,470	31.1	28.9	33.0
65 to 69 years	3,055	1,405	1,650	8.3	8.1	8.4
70 to 74 years	2,680	1,240	1,440	7.3	7.2	7.4
75 to 79 years	2,125	965	1,160	5.8	5.6	5.9
80 to 84 years	1,600	650	950	4.3	3.8	4.9
85 years and over	2,005	740	1,265	5.4	4.3	6.5
85 to 89 years	1,180	515	665	3.2	3.0	3.4
90 to 94 years	670	185	490	1.8	1.1	2.5
95 to 99 years	135	35	100	0.4	0.2	0.5
100 years and over	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	11.7	12.6	11.0	11.7	12.6	11.0
15 to 64 years	57.2	58.4	56.0	57.2	58.4	56.0
65 years and over	31.1	28.9	33.0	31.1	28.9	33.0
85 years and over	5.4	4.3	6.5	5.4	4.3	6.5
Average age of the population	49.3	47.8	50.7	49.3	47.8	50.7
Median age of the population	52.8	50.4	54.8	52.8	50.4	54.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	7,255	...	...	41.8	...	...
Semi-detached house	660	...	...	3.8	...	...
Row house	1,695	...	...	9.8	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	865	...	...	5.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	4,935	...	...	28.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,140	...	...	6.6	...	...
Other single-attached house	115	...	...	0.7	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	700	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,450	...	...	37.2	...	...
2 persons	6,735	...	...	38.8	...	...
3 persons	1,985	...	...	11.4	...	...
4 persons	1,455	...	...	8.4	...	...
5 or more persons	740	...	...	4.3	...	...
Number of persons in private households	35,735	16,890	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.1	...	...	2.1	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	32,560	15,120	17,435	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	17,715	8,820	8,895	54.4	58.3	51.0
Married	14,070	7,010	7,065	43.2	46.4	40.5
Living common-law	3,640	1,810	1,830	11.2	12.0	10.5
Living common law - Never married	2,375	1,185	1,185	7.3	7.8	6.8
Living common law - Separated	170	95	75	0.5	0.6	0.4
Living common law - Divorced	945	475	470	2.9	3.1	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	150	55	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	14,845	6,305	8,545	45.6	41.7	49.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	7,465	3,985	3,480	22.9	26.4	20.0
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,180	490	690	3.6	3.2	4.0
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,270	1,215	2,055	10.0	8.0	11.8
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,930	610	2,320	9.0	4.0	13.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	10,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	6,860	...	...	66.4	...	...
3 persons	1,770	...	...	17.1	...	...
4 persons	1,280	...	...	12.4	...	...
5 or more persons	430	...	...	4.2	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.6	...	...	1.6	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	10,335	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	8,615	...	...	83.4	...	...
Married couples	6,795	...	...	65.7	...	...
With children⁶	2,330	...	...	22.5	...	...
Without children	4,465	...	...	43.2	...	...
Common-law couples	1,820	...	...	17.6	...	...
With children⁶	535	...	...	5.2	...	...
Without children	1,285	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,720	...	...	16.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,335	...	...	12.9	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	385	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	35,735	16,890	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	26,400	12,910	13,485	73.9	76.4	71.5
Married spouses or common-law partners	17,235	8,605	8,630	48.2	50.9	45.8
Parents in one-parent families	1,720	385	1,335	4.8	2.3	7.1
Children⁶	7,445	3,925	3,520	20.8	23.2	18.7
In a two-parent family	4,910	2,530	2,375	13.7	15.0	12.6
In a one-parent family	2,540	1,395	1,145	7.1	8.3	6.1
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	9,340	3,975	5,365	26.1	23.5	28.5
Living alone	6,450	2,500	3,945	18.0	14.8	20.9
Living with other relatives⁷	800	320	475	2.2	1.9	2.5
Living with non-relatives only	2,090	1,150	940	5.8	6.8	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	9,025	...	...	52.0	...	...
Couple-family households	7,735	...	...	44.6	...	...
With children⁶	2,510	...	...	14.5	...	...
Without children	5,225	...	...	30.1	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,290	...	...	7.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	335	...	...	1.9	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	105	...	...	0.6	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	605	...	...	3.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	850	...	...	4.9	...	...
One-person households	6,450	...	...	37.2	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	31,410	14,705	16,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,895	14,445	16,450	98.4	98.2	98.5
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,400	42,800	35,200	38,400	42,800	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	30,900	14,450	16,450	98.4	98.3	98.5
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,800	32,800	35,200	38,800	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,395	12,930	14,465	87.2	87.9	86.6
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	29,600	36,000	25,000	29,600	36,000	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,585	9,690	9,895	62.4	65.9	59.2
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,000	36,800	28,600	32,000	36,800	28,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	27,015	12,165	14,850	86.0	82.7	88.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,900	14,000	13,900	13,900	14,000	13,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,250	1,610	1,645	10.3	10.9	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,680	5,480	5,520	5,680	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,510	3,505	4,005	23.9	23.8	24.0
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	31,480	14,715	16,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,025	14,495	16,530	98.6	98.5	98.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	47,560	54,500	41,520	47,560	54,500	41,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	31,040	14,505	16,535	98.6	98.6	98.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,200	46,120	36,920	41,200	46,120	36,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,420	12,940	14,480	87.1	87.9	86.4
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,920	49,120	33,600	40,920	49,120	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,530	9,660	9,875	62.0	65.6	58.9
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,120	48,720	35,640	42,120	48,720	35,640
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	27,055	12,110	14,945	85.9	82.3	89.1
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,080	12,720	13,360	13,080	12,720	13,360
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,285	1,615	1,670	10.4	11.0	10.0
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,520	6,440	6,580	6,520	6,440	6,580
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,600	3,470	4,130	24.1	23.6	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,800	8,550	9,000	8,800	8,550	9,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	31,480	14,715	16,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,960	4,180	3,785	25.3	28.4	22.6
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,400	61,600	52,000	56,400	61,600	52,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,100	74,100	57,200	66,100	74,100	57,200
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,705	4,030	4,670	27.7	27.4	27.9
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	20,600	18,000	19,400	20,600	18,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	28,360	32,760	24,520	28,360	32,760	24,520
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	80.4	70.8	76.0	80.4	70.8
Employment income (%)¹⁹	55.7	59.6	51.3	55.7	59.6	51.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.0	19.5	29.1	24.0	19.5	29.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.5	1.3	1.6	1.5	1.3	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.9	4.7	7.1	5.9	4.7	7.1
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.8	5.4	4.5	3.8	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	31,410	14,705	16,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	520	265	260	1.7	1.8	1.6
With total income	30,890	14,440	16,445	98.3	98.2	98.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,955	790	1,165	6.3	5.5	7.1
$10,000 to $19,999	3,790	1,495	2,290	12.3	10.4	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	5,810	2,450	3,360	18.8	17.0	20.4
$30,000 to $39,999	4,690	1,975	2,720	15.2	13.7	16.5
$40,000 to $49,999	3,935	1,750	2,185	12.7	12.1	13.3
$50,000 to $59,999	2,960	1,395	1,565	9.6	9.7	9.5
$60,000 to $69,999	2,270	1,235	1,030	7.3	8.6	6.3
$70,000 to $79,999	1,495	865	630	4.8	6.0	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	1,115	670	450	3.6	4.6	2.7
$90,000 to $99,999	745	425	320	2.4	2.9	1.9
$100,000 and over	2,125	1,385	735	6.9	9.6	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	1,435	870	565	4.6	6.0	3.4
$150,000 and over	685	515	170	2.2	3.6	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	31,410	14,705	16,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	510	250	255	1.6	1.7	1.5
With after-tax income	30,900	14,450	16,455	98.4	98.3	98.5
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,080	845	1,240	6.7	5.8	7.5
$10,000 to $19,999	3,925	1,535	2,395	12.7	10.6	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	6,475	2,750	3,730	21.0	19.0	22.7
$30,000 to $39,999	5,475	2,375	3,100	17.7	16.4	18.8
$40,000 to $49,999	4,230	1,935	2,300	13.7	13.4	14.0
$50,000 to $59,999	3,105	1,640	1,470	10.0	11.3	8.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,935	1,125	810	6.3	7.8	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,235	695	540	4.0	4.8	3.3
$80,000 to $89,999	845	485	360	2.7	3.4	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	480	285	200	1.6	2.0	1.2
$100,000 and over	1,105	795	310	3.6	5.5	1.9
$100,000 to $124,999	535	370	160	1.7	2.6	1.0
$125,000 and over	575	425	150	1.9	2.9	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	31,410	14,705	16,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	11,830	5,015	6,810	37.7	34.1	40.8
With employment income	19,585	9,690	9,895	62.4	65.9	59.2
Under $5,000 (including loss)	3,065	1,485	1,580	15.6	15.3	16.0
$5,000 to $9,999	1,700	745	960	8.7	7.7	9.7
$10,000 to $19,999	2,370	1,030	1,340	12.1	10.6	13.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,185	970	1,220	11.2	10.0	12.3
$30,000 to $39,999	2,070	890	1,180	10.6	9.2	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,840	845	990	9.4	8.7	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,590	790	795	8.1	8.2	8.0
$60,000 to $69,999	1,240	735	505	6.3	7.6	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	875	525	350	4.5	5.4	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	740	440	300	3.8	4.5	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	525	280	240	2.7	2.9	2.4
$100,000 and over	1,390	955	430	7.1	9.9	4.3
$100,000 to $124,999	710	425	285	3.6	4.4	2.9
$125,000 and over	680	530	150	3.5	5.5	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	31,410	14,705	16,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,470	14,220	16,250	97.0	96.7	97.3
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	31,600	35,600	41,200	31,600
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	30,500	14,220	16,285	97.1	96.7	97.5
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,200	29,200	32,400	37,200	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,505	12,950	14,555	87.6	88.1	87.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,800	38,000	25,800	30,800	38,000	25,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	21,080	10,305	10,780	67.1	70.1	64.5
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,000	36,800	27,200	31,000	36,800	27,200
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	23,055	9,895	13,160	73.4	67.3	78.8
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,400	12,200	10,900	11,400	12,200	10,900
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,540	1,275	1,260	8.1	8.7	7.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,240	5,200	5,240	5,240	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	31,480	14,715	16,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,530	14,220	16,310	97.0	96.6	97.3
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	45,280	52,800	38,720	45,280	52,800	38,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	30,575	14,225	16,350	97.1	96.7	97.5
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,720	44,280	33,880	38,720	44,280	33,880
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,575	12,990	14,585	87.6	88.3	87.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	41,080	49,480	33,600	41,080	49,480	33,600
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	21,120	10,315	10,810	67.1	70.1	64.5
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,080	47,160	33,360	40,080	47,160	33,360
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	23,030	9,895	13,140	73.2	67.2	78.4
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,830	10,900	10,770	10,830	10,900	10,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,670	1,395	1,270	8.5	9.5	7.6
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,810	6,045	7,660	6,810	6,045	7,660
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	31,480	14,715	16,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	7,845	4,090	3,755	24.9	27.8	22.4
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	54,400	60,800	48,400	54,400	60,800	48,400
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	62,800	71,300	53,500	62,800	71,300	53,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	8,300	3,800	4,495	26.4	25.8	26.8
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	23,800	27,400	21,400	23,800	27,400	21,400
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,920	38,840	27,920	32,920	38,840	27,920
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	85.6	77.6	82.0	85.6	77.6
Employment income (%)	61.3	64.8	57.1	61.3	64.8	57.1
Government transfers (%)	18.0	14.4	22.4	18.0	14.4	22.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.5	1.3	1.1	1.5
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	17,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	68,000	...	...	68,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	61,600	...	...	61,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,450	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,400	...	...	34,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	10,910	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	17,430	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	73,400	...	...	73,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,460	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,560	...	...	45,560	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	10,965	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	107,800	...	...	107,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,900	...	...	92,900	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	100	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	140	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	475	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,050	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	815	...	...	4.7	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	795	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	895	...	...	5.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	890	...	...	5.1	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	820	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,570	...	...	9.0	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,320	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,250	...	...	7.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,100	...	...	6.3	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	955	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,105	...	...	29.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,845	...	...	10.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,210	...	...	7.0	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,155	...	...	6.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	890	...	...	5.1	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	17,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	125	...	...	0.7	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	90	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	150	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	475	...	...	2.7	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,110	...	...	6.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	935	...	...	5.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	900	...	...	5.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,070	...	...	6.2	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	940	...	...	5.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	970	...	...	5.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,675	...	...	9.6	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,500	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,345	...	...	7.7	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,170	...	...	6.7	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	985	...	...	5.7	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,930	...	...	22.6	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,740	...	...	10.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	930	...	...	5.4	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,255	...	...	7.2	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	10,265	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	91,000	...	...	91,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	81,000	...	...	81,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	5,380	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,905	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	127,000	...	...	127,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	112,000	...	...	112,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,615	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	63,600	...	...	63,600	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	8,540	3,655	4,885	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,400	35,200	36,000	36,400	35,200
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,200	33,600	32,800	33,200	33,600	32,800
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	10,335	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	107,100	...	...	107,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	5,415	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	99,300	...	...	99,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,700	...	...	84,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,915	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,200	...	...	120,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,645	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	72,100	...	...	72,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,400	...	...	65,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	8,545	3,655	4,885	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	43,160	45,240	41,640	43,160	45,240	41,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,400	39,720	37,400	38,400	39,720	37,400
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	35,735	16,885	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,225	2,640	2,580	14.6	15.6	13.7
0 to 5 years	1,580	765	815	4.4	4.5	4.3
18 to 64 years	19,940	9,520	10,420	55.8	56.4	55.3
65 years and over	10,570	4,720	5,850	29.6	28.0	31.0
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,195	1,815	2,385	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	575	300	270	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	165	90	75	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,920	895	1,025	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,705	620	1,080	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	11.7	10.7	12.6	11.7	10.7	12.6
0 to 17 years (%)	11.0	11.4	10.6	11.0	11.4	10.6
0 to 5 years (%)	10.5	11.6	9.6	10.5	11.6	9.6
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.4	9.8	9.6	9.4	9.8
65 years and over (%)	16.1	13.1	18.5	16.1	13.1	18.5
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	34,420	16,260	18,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	5,135	2,605	2,530	14.9	16.0	13.9
0 to 5 years	1,555	760	800	4.5	4.7	4.4
18 to 64 years	19,475	9,305	10,170	56.6	57.2	56.0
65 years and over	9,815	4,355	5,455	28.5	26.8	30.0
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,195	585	605	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	175	85	85	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	30	20	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	835	425	410	...	...	...
65 years and over	180	75	100	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.5	3.6	3.3	3.5	3.6	3.3
0 to 17 years (%)	3.4	3.3	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.5
0 to 5 years (%)	2.0	2.4	1.8	2.0	2.4	1.8
18 to 64 years (%)	4.3	4.6	4.1	4.3	4.6	4.1
65 years and over (%)	1.9	1.8	1.9	1.9	1.8	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	35,735	16,885	18,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	20,040	9,080	10,960	56.1	53.8	58.1
In bottom decile	3,860	1,755	2,105	10.8	10.4	11.2
In second decile	4,415	1,920	2,490	12.4	11.4	13.2
In third decile	4,070	1,815	2,260	11.4	10.7	12.0
In fourth decile	3,825	1,755	2,065	10.7	10.4	11.0
In fifth decile	3,875	1,835	2,035	10.8	10.9	10.8
In top half of the distribution	15,695	7,805	7,890	43.9	46.2	41.9
In sixth decile	3,715	1,820	1,895	10.4	10.8	10.1
In seventh decile	3,455	1,685	1,775	9.7	10.0	9.4
In eighth decile	3,275	1,665	1,610	9.2	9.9	8.5
In ninth decile	2,860	1,430	1,430	8.0	8.5	7.6
In top decile	2,385	1,210	1,175	6.7	7.2	6.2
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	35,735	...	...	35,735	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.311	...	...	0.311	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.456	...	...	0.456	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.276	...	...	0.276	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	36,085	17,050	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	33,510	15,895	17,620	92.9	93.2	92.6
French only	30	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and French	2,345	1,055	1,295	6.5	6.2	6.8
Neither English nor French	205	95	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	36,085	17,050	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	35,260	16,670	18,590	97.7	97.8	97.7
French	570	265	305	1.6	1.6	1.6
English and French	60	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	200	90	110	0.6	0.5	0.6
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	36,085	17,050	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,455	16,775	18,680	98.3	98.4	98.1
Official languages	31,640	15,110	16,530	87.7	88.6	86.8
English	31,020	14,825	16,195	86.0	87.0	85.1
French	620	285	330	1.7	1.7	1.7
Non-official languages	3,820	1,670	2,155	10.6	9.8	11.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,795	1,660	2,140	10.5	9.7	11.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Amharic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	75	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	285	90	190	0.8	0.5	1.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	245	80	160	0.7	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,860	1,290	1,575	7.9	7.6	8.3
Albanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	405	150	250	1.1	0.9	1.3
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	390	145	250	1.1	0.9	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	965	410	555	2.7	2.4	2.9
Frisian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	635	275	360	1.8	1.6	1.9
German	615	260	350	1.7	1.5	1.8
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	265	115	145	0.7	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	195	90	110	0.5	0.5	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	875	430	440	2.4	2.5	2.3
Indo-Aryan languages	845	415	425	2.3	2.4	2.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	50	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	15	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	740	365	375	2.1	2.1	2.0
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	545	255	290	1.5	1.5	1.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Portuguese	205	100	105	0.6	0.6	0.6
Romanian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	205	85	120	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	50	20	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Korean	70	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	80	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	180	80	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Hakka	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	70	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	100	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	5	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	140	55	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Estonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	110	45	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	625	275	350	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	165	70	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	400	175	225	1.1	1.0	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	36,085	17,050	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	32,460	15,430	17,030	90.0	90.5	89.5
French	125	65	60	0.3	0.4	0.3
Non-official language	805	385	415	2.2	2.3	2.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	805	385	415	2.2	2.3	2.2
English and French	350	145	205	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	2,220	960	1,260	6.2	5.6	6.6
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	70	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	36,085	17,050	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	35,685	16,875	18,810	98.9	99.0	98.8
Official languages	34,135	16,130	18,005	94.6	94.6	94.6
English	33,965	16,040	17,930	94.1	94.1	94.2
French	165	90	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
Non-official languages	1,550	740	810	4.3	4.3	4.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,550	740	810	4.3	4.3	4.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	135	60	70	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	125	55	70	0.3	0.3	0.4
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,090	530	555	3.0	3.1	2.9
Albanian	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	95	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	90	40	55	0.2	0.2	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	125	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
German	65	30	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	670	340	335	1.9	2.0	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	655	335	325	1.8	2.0	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	605	305	300	1.7	1.8	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	160	70	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	75	30	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	70	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	55	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese languages	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	55	20	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	55	25	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	40	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	400	175	220	1.1	1.0	1.2
English and French	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	335	145	185	0.9	0.9	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	36,085	17,050	19,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	33,735	16,035	17,700	93.5	94.0	93.0
English	690	330	365	1.9	1.9	1.9
French	275	105	170	0.8	0.6	0.9
Non-official language	1,170	490	685	3.2	2.9	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,155	485	675	3.2	2.8	3.5
English and French	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	115	40	75	0.3	0.2	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	35,850	16,965	18,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	35,645	16,875	18,770	99.4	99.5	99.3
English	35,630	16,865	18,765	99.4	99.4	99.3
French	2,375	1,110	1,260	6.6	6.5	6.7
Non-official languages	5,065	2,225	2,840	14.1	13.1	15.0
Indigenous languages³⁹	50	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	20	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,020	2,210	2,810	14.0	13.0	14.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	80	45	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	80	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	390	140	255	1.1	0.8	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	345	105	235	1.0	0.6	1.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tamil	10	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,790	1,710	2,085	10.6	10.1	11.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	420	150	270	1.2	0.9	1.4
Baltic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	415	150	265	1.2	0.9	1.4
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	50	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	75	20	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Russian	140	50	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Rusyn	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	70	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,225	540	680	3.4	3.2	3.6
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	825	365	460	2.3	2.2	2.4
German	815	355	460	2.3	2.1	2.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	360	175	185	1.0	1.0	1.0
Afrikaans	100	55	50	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dutch	235	110	125	0.7	0.6	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	75	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Danish	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	70	35	35	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Iranian languages	1,005	470	540	2.8	2.8	2.9
Indo-Aryan languages	945	435	510	2.6	2.6	2.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	240	120	120	0.7	0.7	0.6
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	835	380	455	2.3	2.2	2.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	60	35	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian Persian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,205	580	630	3.4	3.4	3.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	225	90	135	0.6	0.5	0.7
Portuguese	290	155	130	0.8	0.9	0.7
Romanian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	750	375	375	2.1	2.2	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	125	50	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	120	55	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	85	25	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	70	25	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sino-Tibetan languages	235	110	120	0.7	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	225	110	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	135	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	130	60	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	160	70	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Finnish	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	125	50	75	0.3	0.3	0.4
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	35,855	16,960	18,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	2,500	1,155	1,345	7.0	6.8	7.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	2,425	1,115	1,310	6.8	6.6	6.9
First Nations (North American Indian)	1,185	540	640	3.3	3.2	3.4
Métis	1,225	565	650	3.4	3.3	3.4
Inuk (Inuit)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	33,355	15,805	17,550	93.0	93.2	92.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	35,855	16,960	18,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	735	320	410	2.0	1.9	2.2
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	35,120	16,640	18,480	98.0	98.1	97.8
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	17,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	11,300	...	...	64.8	...	...
Renter	6,115	...	...	35.1	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	17,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	3,965	...	...	22.7	...	...
Not condominium	13,465	...	...	77.3	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	17,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	195	...	...	1.1	...	...
1 bedroom	2,570	...	...	14.7	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,545	...	...	37.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	4,560	...	...	26.2	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	3,565	...	...	20.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	17,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,945	...	...	34.1	...	...
5 rooms	3,080	...	...	17.7	...	...
6 rooms	2,425	...	...	13.9	...	...
7 rooms	1,865	...	...	10.7	...	...
8 or more rooms	4,110	...	...	23.6	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	17,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	17,280	...	...	99.1	...	...
More than one person per room	145	...	...	0.8	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	17,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	16,980	...	...	97.4	...	...
Not suitable	445	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	17,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,690	...	...	15.4	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,245	...	...	30.1	...	...
1981 to 1990	2,625	...	...	15.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,750	...	...	15.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	835	...	...	4.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	975	...	...	5.6	...	...
2011 to 2015	735	...	...	4.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,565	...	...	9.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	17,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	16,435	...	...	94.3	...	...
Major repairs needed	990	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	17,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	9,480	...	...	54.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	7,195	...	...	41.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	750	...	...	4.3	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	17,430	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	360	...	...	2.1	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,840	...	...	10.6	...	...
35 to 44 years	2,200	...	...	12.6	...	...
45 to 54 years	2,330	...	...	13.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	3,665	...	...	21.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	3,435	...	...	19.7	...	...
75 to 84 years	2,490	...	...	14.3	...	...
85 years and over	1,105	...	...	6.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	16,690	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	12,345	...	...	74.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,340	...	...	26.0	...	...
30% to less than 100%	3,970	...	...	23.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	17,425	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,340	...	...	30.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	3,935	...	...	22.6	...	...
Not suitable only	315	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	665	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	100	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	290	...	...	1.7	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	25	...	...	0.1	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	10	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	12,085	...	...	69.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	16,315	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	2,060	...	...	12.6	...	...
Not in core need	14,260	...	...	87.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	10,615	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.4	...	...	53.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	15.4	...	...	15.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	6.0	...	...	6.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	950	...	...	950	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,247	...	...	1,247	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	524,000	...	...	524,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	564,000	...	...	564,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	6,090	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	13.3	...	...	13.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	44.6	...	...	44.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.4	...	...	24.4	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,190	...	...	1,190	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,324	...	...	1,324	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	10	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	x	...	...	x	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	600	...	...	600	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	35,855	16,960	18,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	780	380	400	2.2	2.2	2.1
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	745	365	385	2.1	2.2	2.0
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	505	215	295	1.4	1.3	1.6
Métis single ancestry	235	140	95	0.7	0.8	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,195	990	1,205	6.1	5.8	6.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,155	965	1,195	6.0	5.7	6.3
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,365	630	735	3.8	3.7	3.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	790	330	460	2.2	1.9	2.4
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	32,880	15,590	17,290	91.7	91.9	91.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	35,855	16,965	18,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	34,505	16,365	18,140	96.2	96.5	96.0
Canadian citizens aged under 18	5,140	2,660	2,480	14.3	15.7	13.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	29,370	13,710	15,660	81.9	80.8	82.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,350	595	750	3.8	3.5	4.0
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	35,855	16,965	18,890	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	30,770	14,715	16,060	85.8	86.7	85.0
Immigrants⁸¹	4,760	2,125	2,635	13.3	12.5	13.9
Before 1980	2,245	960	1,280	6.3	5.7	6.8
1980 to 1990	540	260	285	1.5	1.5	1.5
1991 to 2000	550	215	330	1.5	1.3	1.7
2001 to 2010	575	280	295	1.6	1.7	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	860	405	450	2.4	2.4	2.4
2011 to 2015	375	190	185	1.0	1.1	1.0
2016 to 2021	475	215	265	1.3	1.3	1.4
Non-permanent residents⁸³	325	130	195	0.9	0.8	1.0
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	4,760	2,120	2,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	480	240	245	10.1	11.3	9.3
5 to 14 years	780	370	410	16.4	17.5	15.5
15 to 24 years	1,160	540	620	24.4	25.5	23.5
25 to 44 years	1,915	795	1,115	40.2	37.5	42.2
45 years and over	430	180	250	9.0	8.5	9.5
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	4,760	2,120	2,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	570	290	280	12.0	13.7	10.6
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	15	10	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
Guyana	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	20	20	10	0.4	0.9	0.4
Mexico	60	30	30	1.3	1.4	1.1
Peru	15	15	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.4
United States of America	375	195	180	7.9	9.2	6.8
Other places of birth in Americas	65	20	50	1.4	0.9	1.9
Europe	2,495	1,100	1,395	52.4	51.9	52.8
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Croatia	30	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.6
France	60	25	30	1.3	1.2	1.1
Germany	390	180	210	8.2	8.5	8.0
Greece	30	20	10	0.6	0.9	0.4
Hungary	80	35	45	1.7	1.7	1.7
Italy	55	20	35	1.2	0.9	1.3
Netherlands	195	75	115	4.1	3.5	4.4
Poland	60	20	45	1.3	0.9	1.7
Portugal	185	85	95	3.9	4.0	3.6
Romania	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Russian Federation	30	15	20	0.6	0.7	0.8
Serbia⁸⁶	35	15	20	0.7	0.7	0.8
Ukraine	30	0	20	0.6	0.0	0.8
United Kingdom⁸⁷	985	480	510	20.7	22.6	19.3
Other places of birth in Europe	320	100	215	6.7	4.7	8.1
Africa	215	110	105	4.5	5.2	4.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	40	15	20	0.8	0.7	0.8
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	60	55	2.5	2.8	2.1
Other places of birth in Africa	45	25	25	0.9	1.2	0.9
Asia	1,355	565	795	28.5	26.7	30.1
Afghanistan	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Iran⁸⁸	30	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.6
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	15	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.4
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	15	55	1.4	0.7	2.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	30	15	15	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	95	45	50	2.0	2.1	1.9
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	340	120	220	7.1	5.7	8.3
Viet Nam	50	30	25	1.1	1.4	0.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	530	220	305	11.1	10.4	11.6
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	155	80	75	3.3	3.8	2.8
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	125	60	60	2.6	2.8	2.3
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	480	215	265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	55	30	25	11.5	14.0	9.4
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	35	25	10	7.3	11.6	3.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	10	0	10	2.1	0.0	3.8
Europe	50	15	35	10.4	7.0	13.2
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	20	0	20	4.2	0.0	7.5
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	15	0	3.1	7.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Europe	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Africa	40	20	20	8.3	9.3	7.5
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	10	20	5.2	4.7	7.5
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	330	135	190	68.8	62.8	71.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	95	35	60	19.8	16.3	22.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	55	25	30	11.5	11.6	11.3
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	105	50	60	21.9	23.3	22.6
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	2.1	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	10	0	10	2.1	0.0	3.8
Oceania and other⁹³	15	10	0	3.1	4.7	0.0
Australia	15	10	0	3.1	4.7	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	35,855	16,960	18,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	5,460	2,440	3,020	15.2	14.4	16.0
Second generation¹⁰¹	6,715	3,170	3,555	18.7	18.7	18.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	23,680	11,360	12,320	66.0	67.0	65.2
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	2,515	1,155	1,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,225	595	625	48.7	51.5	46.1
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	555	335	225	22.1	29.0	16.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	665	265	405	26.4	22.9	29.9
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,080	465	620	42.9	40.3	45.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	195	95	95	7.8	8.2	7.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	0	15	0.8	0.0	1.1
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	2,515	1,155	1,355	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	25	15	10	1.0	1.3	0.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	530	235	295	21.1	20.3	21.8
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	45	40	3.4	3.9	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	150	75	75	6.0	6.5	5.5
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	0	30	1.2	0.0	2.2
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,695	785	915	67.4	68.0	67.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	35,855	16,960	18,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,080	1,355	1,725	8.6	8.0	9.1
South Asian	1,100	535	565	3.1	3.2	3.0
Chinese	360	150	210	1.0	0.9	1.1
Black	275	100	170	0.8	0.6	0.9
Filipino	465	150	315	1.3	0.9	1.7
Arab	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	135	70	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Southeast Asian	170	85	80	0.5	0.5	0.4
West Asian	60	30	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Korean	135	55	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Japanese	220	100	115	0.6	0.6	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple visible minorities	115	45	65	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	32,770	15,605	17,170	91.4	92.0	90.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	35,855	16,965	18,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	4,315	2,185	2,125	12.0	12.9	11.2
English	10,670	5,000	5,670	29.8	29.5	30.0
Irish	6,590	3,015	3,575	18.4	17.8	18.9
Scottish	7,925	3,805	4,120	22.1	22.4	21.8
French, n.o.s.¹²²	3,350	1,570	1,780	9.3	9.3	9.4
German	6,040	2,705	3,340	16.8	15.9	17.7
Chinese	410	195	215	1.1	1.1	1.1
Italian	1,325	710	610	3.7	4.2	3.2
Indian (India)	695	330	365	1.9	1.9	1.9
Ukrainian	2,520	1,130	1,395	7.0	6.7	7.4
Dutch	1,705	790	910	4.8	4.7	4.8
Polish	1,370	620	750	3.8	3.7	4.0
Québécois	90	55	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,755	795	955	4.9	4.7	5.1
Filipino	470	170	300	1.3	1.0	1.6
French Canadian	460	200	255	1.3	1.2	1.3
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	575	285	295	1.6	1.7	1.6
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	890	460	430	2.5	2.7	2.3
Métis	1,095	515	580	3.1	3.0	3.1
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	710	330	380	2.0	1.9	2.0
Russian	1,230	570	660	3.4	3.4	3.5
Norwegian	1,610	735	875	4.5	4.3	4.6
Welsh	1,025	490	545	2.9	2.9	2.9
Portuguese	545	295	250	1.5	1.7	1.3
American	620	295	325	1.7	1.7	1.7
Spanish	270	130	140	0.8	0.8	0.7
Swedish	1,230	510	715	3.4	3.0	3.8
Hungarian	655	265	385	1.8	1.6	2.0
Acadian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Pakistani	30	25	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jewish	95	55	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Punjabi	230	105	125	0.6	0.6	0.7
Vietnamese	80	45	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	175	100	75	0.5	0.6	0.4
Jamaican	135	45	85	0.4	0.3	0.4
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	90	35	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	265	90	175	0.7	0.5	0.9
Korean	95	45	55	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	265	120	150	0.7	0.7	0.8
Lebanese	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	50	30	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	630	300	325	1.8	1.8	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	265	130	130	0.7	0.8	0.7
Sikh	165	65	95	0.5	0.4	0.5
Austrian	510	215	295	1.4	1.3	1.6
Belgian	190	105	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Mexican	115	70	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mennonite	255	135	125	0.7	0.8	0.7
Swiss	185	100	80	0.5	0.6	0.4
Finnish	230	110	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	110	50	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Japanese	245	110	140	0.7	0.6	0.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	220	95	130	0.6	0.6	0.7
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	300	125	175	0.8	0.7	0.9
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	190	85	105	0.5	0.5	0.6
Syrian	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	100	25	80	0.3	0.1	0.4
Ojibway	95	40	55	0.3	0.2	0.3
Newfoundlander	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	25	20	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Persian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algerian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Brazilian	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovak	155	75	85	0.4	0.4	0.4
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	95	40	50	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	25	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
South African	130	65	65	0.4	0.4	0.3
Australian	115	60	50	0.3	0.4	0.3
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovenian	65	30	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	65	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bulgarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Albertan	60	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	55	25	25	0.2	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	60	25	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
British Columbian	215	95	120	0.6	0.6	0.6
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Jatt	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	65	40	25	0.2	0.2	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	55	10	50	0.2	0.1	0.3
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	40	30	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Malaysian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	90	55	35	0.3	0.3	0.2
Buddhist	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	45	10	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	35,855	16,960	18,895	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	155	65	90	0.4	0.4	0.5
Christian	14,940	6,400	8,545	41.7	37.7	45.2
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	2,865	1,300	1,565	8.0	7.7	8.3
Anabaptist	75	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	1,605	670	935	4.5	4.0	4.9
Baptist	495	190	300	1.4	1.1	1.6
Catholic	4,590	1,935	2,655	12.8	11.4	14.1
Christian Orthodox	185	85	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	450	190	255	1.3	1.1	1.3
Latter Day Saints	165	55	105	0.5	0.3	0.6
Lutheran	745	315	425	2.1	1.9	2.2
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	115	55	60	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	475	215	260	1.3	1.3	1.4
Presbyterian	365	145	225	1.0	0.9	1.2
Reformed	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
United Church	1,895	745	1,155	5.3	4.4	6.1
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	915	450	460	2.6	2.7	2.4
Hindu	160	80	85	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jewish	45	30	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Muslim	95	50	40	0.3	0.3	0.2
Sikh	735	335	400	2.0	2.0	2.1
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	65	20	40	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	235	90	145	0.7	0.5	0.8
No religion and secular perspectives	19,420	9,895	9,525	54.2	58.3	50.4
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	35,650	16,895	18,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	29,980	14,260	15,715	84.1	84.4	83.8
Movers	5,675	2,635	3,040	15.9	15.6	16.2
Non-migrants	2,985	1,380	1,605	8.4	8.2	8.6
Migrants	2,690	1,255	1,430	7.5	7.4	7.6
Internal migrants	2,620	1,245	1,370	7.3	7.4	7.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,995	965	1,030	5.6	5.7	5.5
Interprovincial migrants	620	280	340	1.7	1.7	1.8
External migrants	70	10	60	0.2	0.1	0.3
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	34,520	16,365	18,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	17,430	8,275	9,155	50.5	50.6	50.4
Movers	17,090	8,085	9,000	49.5	49.4	49.6
Non-migrants	6,715	3,240	3,475	19.5	19.8	19.1
Migrants	10,370	4,845	5,525	30.0	29.6	30.4
Internal migrants	9,645	4,570	5,075	27.9	27.9	28.0
Intraprovincial migrants	7,335	3,485	3,850	21.2	21.3	21.2
Interprovincial migrants	2,305	1,080	1,225	6.7	6.6	6.7
External migrants	730	275	445	2.1	1.7	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,480	14,715	16,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,855	3,080	2,775	18.6	20.9	16.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	25,630	11,640	13,990	81.4	79.1	83.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,825	8,380	9,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,285	1,360	930	12.8	16.2	9.8
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,535	7,025	8,515	87.2	83.8	90.2
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	31,480	14,715	16,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,885	2,495	2,390	15.5	17.0	14.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	10,500	4,825	5,670	33.4	32.8	33.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	16,090	7,395	8,700	51.1	50.3	51.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	10,715	4,965	5,750	34.0	33.7	34.3
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,975	2,235	740	9.5	15.2	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,160	685	470	3.7	4.7	2.8
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,820	1,550	270	5.8	10.5	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	6,710	2,335	4,375	21.3	15.9	26.1
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,030	395	635	3.3	2.7	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,385	2,435	2,950	17.1	16.5	17.6
Bachelor's degree	3,550	1,550	2,000	11.3	10.5	11.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	390	160	230	1.2	1.1	1.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	185	105	70	0.6	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	1,000	450	550	3.2	3.1	3.3
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	260	170	90	0.8	1.2	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	17,825	8,380	9,440	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,845	1,080	760	10.4	12.9	8.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	5,455	2,695	2,755	30.6	32.2	29.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	10,530	4,595	5,930	59.1	54.8	62.8
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,780	3,055	3,730	38.0	36.5	39.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,715	1,295	420	9.6	15.5	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	660	370	285	3.7	4.4	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,055	920	135	5.9	11.0	1.4
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	4,375	1,485	2,890	24.5	17.7	30.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	690	275	415	3.9	3.3	4.4
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,745	1,545	2,205	21.0	18.4	23.4
Bachelor's degree	2,545	1,035	1,510	14.3	12.4	16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	260	95	160	1.5	1.1	1.7
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	130	65	60	0.7	0.8	0.6
Master's degree	670	260	415	3.8	3.1	4.4
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	135	85	55	0.8	1.0	0.6
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	31,480	14,715	16,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	15,385	7,320	8,065	48.9	49.7	48.1
Education	1,255	380	875	4.0	2.6	5.2
13. Education	1,255	380	875	4.0	2.6	5.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	535	245	300	1.7	1.7	1.8
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	95	80	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	445	165	280	1.4	1.1	1.7
Humanities	800	350	450	2.5	2.4	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	50	15	35	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	205	75	140	0.7	0.5	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	255	85	170	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	45	30	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	125	80	45	0.4	0.5	0.3
54. History	100	75	30	0.3	0.5	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,500	485	1,010	4.8	3.3	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	165	55	110	0.5	0.4	0.7
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	305	0	300	1.0	0.0	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	220	65	160	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	15	10	10	0.0	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	280	75	210	0.9	0.5	1.3
45. Social sciences	495	285	215	1.6	1.9	1.3
Business, management and public administration	3,015	1,110	1,905	9.6	7.5	11.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	290	40	250	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,700	1,055	1,650	8.6	7.2	9.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	560	325	240	1.8	2.2	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	220	130	90	0.7	0.9	0.5
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	150	65	85	0.5	0.4	0.5
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	150	115	35	0.5	0.8	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	360	220	140	1.1	1.5	0.8
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	285	185	95	0.9	1.3	0.6
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	3,045	2,835	215	9.7	19.3	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	85	60	25	0.3	0.4	0.1
14. Engineering	315	265	50	1.0	1.8	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	580	490	90	1.8	3.3	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
46. Construction trades	915	900	20	2.9	6.1	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	780	755	20	2.5	5.1	0.1
48. Precision production	375	370	0	1.2	2.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	535	330	205	1.7	2.2	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	350	195	150	1.1	1.3	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	185	135	55	0.6	0.9	0.3
Health and related fields	3,305	525	2,775	10.5	3.6	16.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	145	65	80	0.5	0.4	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,085	415	2,670	9.8	2.8	15.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	70	45	30	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,175	595	585	3.7	4.0	3.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	775	245	525	2.5	1.7	3.1
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	155	115	40	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	240	220	20	0.8	1.5	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	17,825	8,380	9,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	7,300	3,780	3,515	41.0	45.1	37.2
Education	610	150	460	3.4	1.8	4.9
13. Education	610	150	460	3.4	1.8	4.9
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	380	155	225	2.1	1.8	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	40	40	0	0.2	0.5	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	335	115	220	1.9	1.4	2.3
Humanities	500	200	300	2.8	2.4	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	15	30	0.2	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	135	40	95	0.8	0.5	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	140	45	95	0.8	0.5	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	25	15	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	80	45	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
54. History	50	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,125	330	795	6.3	3.9	8.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	115	45	75	0.6	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	225	0	225	1.3	0.0	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	180	45	140	1.0	0.5	1.5
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
42. Psychology	210	50	160	1.2	0.6	1.7
45. Social sciences	365	180	185	2.0	2.1	2.0
Business, management and public administration	2,020	710	1,310	11.3	8.5	13.9
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	200	15	185	1.1	0.2	2.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,810	685	1,125	10.2	8.2	11.9
Physical and life sciences and technologies	375	195	180	2.1	2.3	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	170	95	80	1.0	1.1	0.8
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	115	50	70	0.6	0.6	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	65	50	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	265	175	85	1.5	2.1	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	215	160	60	1.2	1.9	0.6
25. Library science	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	35	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,875	1,720	155	10.5	20.5	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	50	35	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	215	175	40	1.2	2.1	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	385	320	65	2.2	3.8	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
46. Construction trades	560	545	15	3.1	6.5	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	465	465	0	2.6	5.5	0.0
48. Precision production	185	180	0	1.0	2.1	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	385	215	170	2.2	2.6	1.8
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	260	130	135	1.5	1.6	1.4
03. Natural resources and conservation	125	80	40	0.7	1.0	0.4
Health and related fields	2,250	390	1,860	12.6	4.7	19.7
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	95	45	50	0.5	0.5	0.5
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,105	310	1,795	11.8	3.7	19.0
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	55	30	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	740	365	380	4.2	4.4	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	515	175	340	2.9	2.1	3.6
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	85	65	20	0.5	0.8	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	135	115	20	0.8	1.4	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	17,825	8,380	9,445	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	7,300	3,780	3,515	41.0	45.1	37.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	10,525	4,600	5,925	59.0	54.9	62.7
Location of study inside Canada	9,260	4,030	5,225	51.9	48.1	55.3
Same as province or territory of residence	6,770	2,900	3,870	38.0	34.6	41.0
Different than province or territory of residence	2,490	1,130	1,360	14.0	13.5	14.4
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,270	565	705	7.1	6.7	7.5
Americas	375	165	215	2.1	2.0	2.3
United States of America	315	145	170	1.8	1.7	1.8
Mexico	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	30	0	25	0.2	0.0	0.3
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	290	135	155	1.6	1.6	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germany	50	35	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Netherlands	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungary	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	135	75	60	0.8	0.9	0.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	30	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	70	35	35	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	45	25	20	0.3	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	420	170	250	2.4	2.0	2.6
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Japan	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	45	20	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	155	50	95	0.9	0.6	1.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	150	75	75	0.8	0.9	0.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Oceania	110	55	60	0.6	0.7	0.6
Australia	75	40	35	0.4	0.5	0.4
New Zealand	35	15	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	31,480	14,715	16,765	...	...	...
In the labour force	17,155	8,550	8,600	...	...	...
Employed	15,770	7,835	7,935	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,385	715	670	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	14,325	6,165	8,165	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.5	58.1	51.3	54.5	58.1	51.3
Employment rate	50.1	53.2	47.3	50.1	53.2	47.3
Unemployment rate	8.1	8.4	7.8	8.1	8.4	7.8
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	31,480	14,715	16,765	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	14,050	6,110	7,945	44.6	41.5	47.4
Worked	17,435	8,610	8,825	55.4	58.5	52.6
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	8,260	4,365	3,900	26.2	29.7	23.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	9,165	4,250	4,920	29.1	28.9	29.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.4	40.7	40.2	40.4	40.7	40.2
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	17,155	8,550	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	290	140	145	1.7	1.6	1.7
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	16,865	8,405	8,450	98.3	98.3	98.2
Employee	13,925	6,750	7,175	81.2	78.9	83.4
Permanent position	11,715	5,745	5,975	68.3	67.2	69.4
Temporary position	2,215	1,005	1,205	12.9	11.8	14.0
Fixed term (1 year or more)	575	270	305	3.4	3.2	3.5
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	1,645	740	900	9.6	8.7	10.5
Self-employed¹⁹²	2,930	1,660	1,270	17.1	19.4	14.8
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	17,155	8,550	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	290	140	145	1.7	1.6	1.7
All occupations¹⁹¹	16,865	8,405	8,450	98.3	98.3	98.2
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	140	100	35	0.8	1.2	0.4
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,735	690	2,040	15.9	8.1	23.7
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	760	555	200	4.4	6.5	2.3
3 Health occupations	1,755	335	1,420	10.2	3.9	16.5
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,550	510	1,040	9.0	6.0	12.1
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	495	220	270	2.9	2.6	3.1
6 Sales and service occupations	5,285	2,240	3,040	30.8	26.2	35.3
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,165	2,960	200	18.4	34.6	2.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	410	320	90	2.4	3.7	1.0
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	575	465	110	3.4	5.4	1.3
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	17,155	8,550	8,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	290	140	145	1.7	1.6	1.7
All industries¹⁹¹	16,865	8,405	8,450	98.3	98.3	98.2
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	285	185	95	1.7	2.2	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	170	155	15	1.0	1.8	0.2
22 Utilities	70	55	15	0.4	0.6	0.2
23 Construction	1,745	1,580	170	10.2	18.5	2.0
31-33 Manufacturing	1,100	830	270	6.4	9.7	3.1
41 Wholesale trade	335	240	95	2.0	2.8	1.1
44-45 Retail trade	2,530	1,185	1,345	14.7	13.9	15.6
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	460	350	115	2.7	4.1	1.3
51 Information and cultural industries	235	140	95	1.4	1.6	1.1
52 Finance and insurance	515	195	315	3.0	2.3	3.7
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	345	160	185	2.0	1.9	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	975	465	505	5.7	5.4	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	765	470	295	4.5	5.5	3.4
61 Educational services	800	230	575	4.7	2.7	6.7
62 Health care and social assistance	2,875	495	2,385	16.8	5.8	27.7
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	430	165	265	2.5	1.9	3.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,555	700	855	9.1	8.2	9.9
81 Other services (except public administration)	665	305	360	3.9	3.6	4.2
91 Public administration	985	500	485	5.7	5.8	5.6
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	18,890	9,315	9,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	18,415	9,090	9,330	97.5	97.6	97.4
French	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
English and French	175	70	105	0.9	0.8	1.1
English and non-official language(s)	255	125	130	1.3	1.3	1.4
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	18,890	9,315	9,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	18,830	9,290	9,545	99.7	99.7	99.6
Official languages	18,785	9,260	9,520	99.4	99.4	99.4
English	18,750	9,240	9,515	99.3	99.2	99.3
French	35	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Non-official languages	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	45	30	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	65	20	40	0.3	0.2	0.4
English and French	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
English and non-official language(s)	35	10	25	0.2	0.1	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	18,890	9,315	9,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	18,515	9,140	9,380	98.0	98.1	97.9
English	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
French	135	50	85	0.7	0.5	0.9
Non-official language	180	100	80	1.0	1.1	0.8
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	175	100	75	0.9	1.1	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	15,770	7,835	7,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	2,255	920	1,335	14.3	11.7	16.8
Worked outside Canada	30	25	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
No fixed workplace address	2,395	1,845	550	15.2	23.5	6.9
Usual place of work	11,090	5,045	6,040	70.3	64.4	76.1
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	11,090	5,050	6,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	8,600	3,690	4,910	77.5	73.1	81.3
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	1,540	835	705	13.9	16.5	11.7
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	775	420	355	7.0	8.3	5.9
Commute to a different province or territory	170	100	75	1.5	2.0	1.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	13,485	6,890	6,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	10,905	5,690	5,215	80.9	82.6	79.1
Car, truck or van - as a driver	9,925	5,240	4,680	73.6	76.1	71.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	985	450	535	7.3	6.5	8.1
Public transit	260	115	145	1.9	1.7	2.2
Walked	1,605	645	960	11.9	9.4	14.6
Bicycle	270	170	100	2.0	2.5	1.5
Other method	450	275	170	3.3	4.0	2.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	13,485	6,890	6,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	8,630	4,045	4,575	64.0	58.7	69.4
15 to 29 minutes	2,825	1,490	1,335	20.9	21.6	20.2
30 to 44 minutes	1,000	630	370	7.4	9.1	5.6
45 to 59 minutes	480	320	165	3.6	4.6	2.5
60 minutes and over	550	400	150	4.1	5.8	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	13,485	6,890	6,595	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	725	535	190	5.4	7.8	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,240	1,415	825	16.6	20.5	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	3,210	1,750	1,460	23.8	25.4	22.1
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	3,330	1,280	2,050	24.7	18.6	31.1
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,000	840	1,155	14.8	12.2	17.5
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,985	1,065	915	14.7	15.5	13.9
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	5,340	2,705	2,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	450	225	225	8.4	8.3	8.5
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,885	2,480	2,410	91.5	91.7	91.5
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,950	2,035	1,920	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	355	185	170	9.0	9.1	8.9
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	240	120	125	6.1	5.9	6.5
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	115	65	55	2.9	3.2	2.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,600	1,850	1,745	91.1	90.9	90.9

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised
x
suppressed to meet the confidentiality requirements of the Statistics Act

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

Language selection

Search and menus

Search

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Symbol legend

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of PopulationProfile table

Add a geography

Add or remove data

Symbol legend

Source

How to cite

Note(s):

Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table