Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	NanaimoMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	106,079	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	96,415^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	47,554	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	45,512	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,222.7	...	...	1,222.7	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	86.76	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	106,080	51,340	54,745	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15,180	7,820	7,365	14.3	15.2	13.5
0 to 4 years	4,340	2,245	2,095	4.1	4.4	3.8
5 to 9 years	5,210	2,650	2,565	4.9	5.2	4.7
10 to 14 years	5,630	2,925	2,700	5.3	5.7	4.9
15 to 64 years	65,145	31,880	33,260	61.4	62.1	60.8
15 to 19 years	4,980	2,565	2,410	4.7	5.0	4.4
20 to 24 years	5,975	3,080	2,895	5.6	6.0	5.3
25 to 29 years	6,505	3,330	3,175	6.1	6.5	5.8
30 to 34 years	6,895	3,360	3,535	6.5	6.5	6.5
35 to 39 years	7,095	3,505	3,595	6.7	6.8	6.6
40 to 44 years	6,300	3,075	3,225	5.9	6.0	5.9
45 to 49 years	6,010	2,905	3,105	5.7	5.7	5.7
50 to 54 years	6,415	3,035	3,385	6.0	5.9	6.2
55 to 59 years	7,245	3,445	3,805	6.8	6.7	7.0
60 to 64 years	7,725	3,590	4,135	7.3	7.0	7.6
65 years and over	25,760	11,640	14,120	24.3	22.7	25.8
65 to 69 years	7,790	3,580	4,210	7.3	7.0	7.7
70 to 74 years	6,795	3,095	3,700	6.4	6.0	6.8
75 to 79 years	4,755	2,245	2,505	4.5	4.4	4.6
80 to 84 years	3,145	1,470	1,675	3.0	2.9	3.1
85 years and over	3,280	1,255	2,030	3.1	2.4	3.7
85 to 89 years	1,940	775	1,160	1.8	1.5	2.1
90 to 94 years	1,020	385	635	1.0	0.7	1.2
95 to 99 years	280	80	205	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	45	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.3	15.2	13.5	14.3	15.2	13.5
15 to 64 years	61.4	62.1	60.8	61.4	62.1	60.8
65 years and over	24.3	22.7	25.8	24.3	22.7	25.8
85 years and over	3.1	2.4	3.7	3.1	2.4	3.7
Average age of the population	44.7	43.5	45.8	44.7	43.5	45.8
Median age of the population	45.2	43.2	46.8	45.2	43.2	46.8
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	45,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	24,300	...	...	53.4	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,160	...	...	4.7	...	...
Row house	1,985	...	...	4.4	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	6,105	...	...	13.4	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	8,265	...	...	18.2	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	1,390	...	...	3.1	...	...
Other single-attached house	90	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,225	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	45,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	13,965	...	...	30.7	...	...
2 persons	17,430	...	...	38.3	...	...
3 persons	6,360	...	...	14.0	...	...
4 persons	4,930	...	...	10.8	...	...
5 or more persons	2,825	...	...	6.2	...	...
Number of persons in private households	103,200	50,120	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	90,905	43,520	47,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	50,415	25,160	25,260	55.5	57.8	53.3
Married	39,295	19,625	19,665	43.2	45.1	41.5
Living common-law	11,125	5,535	5,590	12.2	12.7	11.8
Living common law - Never married	7,800	3,905	3,890	8.6	9.0	8.2
Living common law - Separated	430	210	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	2,610	1,315	1,295	2.9	3.0	2.7
Living common law - Widowed	280	100	180	0.3	0.2	0.4
Not married and not living common-law	40,485	18,360	22,125	44.5	42.2	46.7
Not married and not living common law - Never married	24,315	13,190	11,125	26.7	30.3	23.5
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,735	1,150	1,590	3.0	2.6	3.4
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	7,705	2,790	4,920	8.5	6.4	10.4
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	5,725	1,240	4,485	6.3	2.8	9.5
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	29,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	17,945	...	...	60.3	...	...
3 persons	5,715	...	...	19.2	...	...
4 persons	4,440	...	...	14.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,640	...	...	5.5	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	29,735	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	24,505	...	...	82.4	...	...
Married couples	18,955	...	...	63.7	...	...
With children⁶	8,035	...	...	27.0	...	...
Without children	10,920	...	...	36.7	...	...
Common-law couples	5,555	...	...	18.7	...	...
With children⁶	1,855	...	...	6.2	...	...
Without children	3,700	...	...	12.4	...	...
Total one-parent families	5,230	...	...	17.6	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	4,035	...	...	13.6	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	1,195	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	103,200	50,120	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	79,505	39,105	40,395	77.0	78.0	76.1
Married spouses or common-law partners	49,015	24,445	24,570	47.5	48.8	46.3
Parents in one-parent families	5,225	1,195	4,030	5.1	2.4	7.6
Children⁶	25,260	13,460	11,795	24.5	26.9	22.2
In a two-parent family	17,520	9,275	8,245	17.0	18.5	15.5
In a one-parent family	7,740	4,190	3,550	7.5	8.4	6.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	23,695	11,010	12,685	23.0	22.0	23.9
Living alone	13,965	5,930	8,035	13.5	11.8	15.1
Living with other relatives⁷	2,610	1,120	1,485	2.5	2.2	2.8
Living with non-relatives only	7,125	3,960	3,160	6.9	7.9	6.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	45,515	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	25,390	...	...	55.8	...	...
Couple-family households	21,490	...	...	47.2	...	...
With children⁶	8,580	...	...	18.9	...	...
Without children	12,910	...	...	28.4	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,905	...	...	8.6	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	1,065	...	...	2.3	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	355	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	2,070	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,670	...	...	5.9	...	...
One-person households	13,965	...	...	30.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	88,045	42,315	45,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,890	41,220	44,670	97.6	97.4	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,000	44,800	36,400	40,000	44,800	36,400
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	85,950	41,255	44,695	97.6	97.5	97.7
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	40,400	33,600	36,800	40,400	33,600
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	76,775	37,255	39,520	87.2	88.0	86.4
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,400	39,200	27,000	32,400	39,200	27,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	58,055	29,060	28,990	65.9	68.7	63.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	34,800	40,800	30,000	34,800	40,800	30,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,775	33,775	40,000	83.8	79.8	87.5
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,000	11,200	12,400	12,000	11,200	12,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	8,280	3,925	4,355	9.4	9.3	9.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480	5,480
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	23,115	10,795	12,320	26.3	25.5	26.9
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	88,050	42,350	45,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,855	41,255	44,600	97.5	97.4	97.6
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,120	55,400	43,320	49,120	55,400	43,320
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	85,920	41,285	44,640	97.6	97.5	97.7
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,600	47,120	38,400	42,600	47,120	38,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	76,655	37,125	39,530	87.1	87.7	86.5
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,320	51,080	36,040	43,320	51,080	36,040
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	57,995	29,035	28,960	65.9	68.6	63.4
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	44,040	50,680	37,400	44,040	50,680	37,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,660	33,685	39,970	83.7	79.5	87.5
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,190	11,550	12,720	12,190	11,550	12,720
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,140	3,840	4,305	9.2	9.1	9.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,420	6,095	6,720	6,420	6,095	6,720
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	22,925	10,630	12,290	26.0	25.1	26.9
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,870	8,700	9,010	8,870	8,700	9,010
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	88,050	42,345	45,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,260	13,765	11,500	28.7	32.5	25.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	59,600	65,000	54,000	59,600	65,000	54,000
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	66,700	72,800	59,300	66,700	72,800	59,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	24,930	11,450	13,480	28.3	27.0	29.5
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,200	22,000	17,400	19,200	22,000	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	29,360	34,800	24,740	29,360	34,800	24,740
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.8	83.0	73.6	78.8	83.0	73.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	60.6	64.4	56.0	60.6	64.4	56.0
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.3	17.0	26.3	21.3	17.0	26.3
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	1.0	1.5	1.2	1.0	1.5
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	6.1	5.0	7.4	6.1	5.0	7.4
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.8	4.1	5.7	4.8	4.1	5.7
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	88,040	42,320	45,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,155	1,100	1,055	2.4	2.6	2.3
With total income	85,890	41,225	44,665	97.6	97.4	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,540	2,940	3,600	7.6	7.1	8.1
$10,000 to $19,999	10,070	4,140	5,925	11.7	10.0	13.3
$20,000 to $29,999	14,050	5,835	8,215	16.4	14.2	18.4
$30,000 to $39,999	12,290	5,350	6,935	14.3	13.0	15.5
$40,000 to $49,999	10,705	4,860	5,845	12.5	11.8	13.1
$50,000 to $59,999	8,255	3,875	4,375	9.6	9.4	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	6,195	3,245	2,945	7.2	7.9	6.6
$70,000 to $79,999	4,600	2,565	2,035	5.4	6.2	4.6
$80,000 to $89,999	3,485	2,000	1,485	4.1	4.9	3.3
$90,000 to $99,999	2,570	1,535	1,030	3.0	3.7	2.3
$100,000 and over	7,140	4,865	2,275	8.3	11.8	5.1
$100,000 to $149,999	5,205	3,435	1,765	6.1	8.3	4.0
$150,000 and over	1,935	1,425	505	2.3	3.5	1.1
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	88,040	42,320	45,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,095	1,065	1,030	2.4	2.5	2.3
With after-tax income	85,950	41,255	44,695	97.6	97.5	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,890	3,060	3,835	8.0	7.4	8.6
$10,000 to $19,999	10,455	4,280	6,175	12.2	10.4	13.8
$20,000 to $29,999	15,985	6,755	9,230	18.6	16.4	20.7
$30,000 to $39,999	14,065	6,270	7,795	16.4	15.2	17.4
$40,000 to $49,999	11,905	5,525	6,380	13.9	13.4	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	8,395	4,205	4,185	9.8	10.2	9.4
$60,000 to $69,999	5,890	3,285	2,605	6.9	8.0	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,130	2,420	1,710	4.8	5.9	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	2,860	1,730	1,135	3.3	4.2	2.5
$90,000 to $99,999	1,795	1,145	645	2.1	2.8	1.4
$100,000 and over	3,585	2,585	1,000	4.2	6.3	2.2
$100,000 to $124,999	2,035	1,435	600	2.4	3.5	1.3
$125,000 and over	1,555	1,155	400	1.8	2.8	0.9
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	88,040	42,320	45,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	29,995	13,255	16,735	34.1	31.3	36.6
With employment income	58,050	29,060	28,995	65.9	68.7	63.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	8,315	3,860	4,460	14.3	13.3	15.4
$5,000 to $9,999	4,780	2,055	2,725	8.2	7.1	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	7,055	3,085	3,975	12.2	10.6	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	5,960	2,645	3,310	10.3	9.1	11.4
$30,000 to $39,999	5,860	2,700	3,155	10.1	9.3	10.9
$40,000 to $49,999	5,365	2,555	2,810	9.2	8.8	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	4,710	2,275	2,435	8.1	7.8	8.4
$60,000 to $69,999	3,680	2,010	1,670	6.3	6.9	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	3,030	1,775	1,255	5.2	6.1	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	2,365	1,365	1,000	4.1	4.7	3.4
$90,000 to $99,999	1,940	1,155	780	3.3	4.0	2.7
$100,000 and over	4,980	3,575	1,410	8.6	12.3	4.9
$100,000 to $124,999	2,700	1,805	900	4.7	6.2	3.1
$125,000 and over	2,275	1,765	515	3.9	6.1	1.8
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	88,045	42,315	45,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,805	40,070	43,725	95.2	94.7	95.6
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,600	32,800	37,200	43,600	32,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	83,925	40,095	43,825	95.3	94.8	95.8
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,000	38,800	30,200	34,000	38,800	30,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	76,165	36,850	39,320	86.5	87.1	86.0
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	40,400	28,200	33,600	40,400	28,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	60,985	30,215	30,775	69.3	71.4	67.3
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	33,600	39,600	28,800	33,600	39,600	28,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	61,140	26,440	34,700	69.4	62.5	75.9
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	8,700	8,800	8,700	8,700	8,800	8,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	6,125	2,865	3,265	7.0	6.8	7.1
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,240	5,040	5,520	5,240	5,040	5,520
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	88,050	42,350	45,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,780	40,130	43,645	95.2	94.8	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,000	54,750	39,840	47,000	54,750	39,840
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	83,895	40,150	43,745	95.3	94.8	95.7
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,160	45,880	34,920	40,160	45,880	34,920
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	75,895	36,695	39,205	86.2	86.6	85.8
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,160	53,150	35,720	44,160	53,150	35,720
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	60,945	30,255	30,685	69.2	71.4	67.1
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	42,960	50,800	35,240	42,960	50,800	35,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	61,050	26,400	34,655	69.3	62.3	75.8
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,600	9,380	9,770	9,600	9,380	9,770
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	6,170	2,780	3,390	7.0	6.6	7.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,790	6,205	7,270	6,790	6,205	7,270
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	88,050	42,345	45,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	25,175	13,720	11,455	28.6	32.4	25.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	62,000	50,000	56,000	62,000	50,000
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,100	70,400	54,300	63,100	70,400	54,300
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	23,740	10,865	12,875	27.0	25.7	28.2
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	24,800	29,800	22,000	24,800	29,800	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	34,840	42,400	28,480	34,840	42,400	28,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	85.2	88.8	80.6	85.2	88.8	80.6
Employment income (%)	66.6	70.0	62.2	66.6	70.0	62.2
Government transfers (%)	14.9	11.3	19.5	14.9	11.3	19.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	0.8	1.4	1.1	0.8	1.4
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	45,510	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	69,000	...	...	69,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	13,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	40,400	...	...	40,400	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	36,800	...	...	36,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	31,550	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	45,505	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	92,700	...	...	92,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	80,400	...	...	80,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	13,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,640	...	...	48,640	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,520	...	...	42,520	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	31,560	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	112,200	...	...	112,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	97,200	...	...	97,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	45,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	450	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	210	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	385	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	985	...	...	2.2	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,025	...	...	4.4	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,575	...	...	3.5	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,685	...	...	3.7	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,880	...	...	4.1	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,020	...	...	4.4	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,090	...	...	4.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,760	...	...	8.3	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,605	...	...	7.9	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,180	...	...	7.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,915	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,630	...	...	5.8	...	...
$100,000 and over	16,110	...	...	35.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,270	...	...	11.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,715	...	...	8.2	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,190	...	...	9.2	...	...
$200,000 and over	2,940	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	45,510	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	510	...	...	1.1	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	215	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	400	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	1,025	...	...	2.3	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	2,120	...	...	4.7	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,815	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,925	...	...	4.2	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	2,255	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	2,365	...	...	5.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	2,195	...	...	4.8	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	4,315	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,910	...	...	8.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	3,635	...	...	8.0	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	3,170	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,855	...	...	6.3	...	...
$100,000 and over	12,805	...	...	28.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	5,120	...	...	11.3	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,325	...	...	7.3	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,365	...	...	9.6	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	29,490	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	97,000	...	...	97,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.8	...	...	2.8	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	13,535	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	10,005	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	130,000	...	...	130,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	114,000	...	...	114,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	4,895	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,000	...	...	65,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	21,085	9,890	11,195	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,800	37,600	35,600	36,800	37,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,000	34,400	33,600	34,000	34,400	33,600
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	29,490	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	111,300	...	...	111,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	96,100	...	...	96,100	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	13,500	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,400	...	...	101,400	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,600	...	...	87,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	141,000	...	...	141,000	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	120,500	...	...	120,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,905	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	75,900	...	...	75,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,700	...	...	67,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	21,150	9,850	11,295	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	44,320	46,240	42,640	44,320	46,240	42,640
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,040	40,320	37,920	39,040	40,320	37,920
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	103,195	50,125	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	18,190	9,375	8,810	17.6	18.7	16.6
0 to 5 years	5,375	2,780	2,595	5.2	5.5	4.9
18 to 64 years	61,295	29,820	31,475	59.4	59.5	59.3
65 years and over	23,715	10,930	12,790	23.0	21.8	24.1
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	11,265	5,125	6,130	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	2,310	1,210	1,105	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	700	370	335	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	5,905	2,750	3,155	...	...	...
65 years and over	3,045	1,170	1,880	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	10.9	10.2	11.6	10.9	10.2	11.6
0 to 17 years (%)	12.7	12.9	12.5	12.7	12.9	12.5
0 to 5 years (%)	13.1	13.3	12.9	13.1	13.3	12.9
18 to 64 years (%)	9.6	9.2	10.0	9.6	9.2	10.0
65 years and over (%)	12.8	10.7	14.7	12.8	10.7	14.7
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	102,360	49,720	52,635	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	17,965	9,270	8,695	17.6	18.6	16.5
0 to 5 years	5,305	2,745	2,560	5.2	5.5	4.9
18 to 64 years	60,780	29,575	31,205	59.4	59.5	59.3
65 years and over	23,615	10,875	12,735	23.1	21.9	24.2
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	4,765	2,480	2,285	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	755	395	365	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	200	110	90	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	3,525	1,880	1,645	...	...	...
65 years and over	480	205	270	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.7	5.0	4.3	4.7	5.0	4.3
0 to 17 years (%)	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2	4.2
0 to 5 years (%)	3.7	4.0	3.5	3.7	4.0	3.5
18 to 64 years (%)	5.8	6.4	5.3	5.8	6.4	5.3
65 years and over (%)	2.1	1.9	2.2	2.1	1.9	2.2
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	103,195	50,125	53,075	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	54,650	25,810	28,840	53.0	51.5	54.3
In bottom decile	11,180	5,340	5,840	10.8	10.7	11.0
In second decile	11,250	5,135	6,115	10.9	10.2	11.5
In third decile	10,855	5,090	5,770	10.5	10.2	10.9
In fourth decile	10,530	5,040	5,495	10.2	10.1	10.4
In fifth decile	10,825	5,205	5,625	10.5	10.4	10.6
In top half of the distribution	48,545	24,310	24,240	47.0	48.5	45.7
In sixth decile	10,560	5,210	5,355	10.2	10.4	10.1
In seventh decile	10,050	4,960	5,085	9.7	9.9	9.6
In eighth decile	10,280	5,145	5,130	10.0	10.3	9.7
In ninth decile	9,675	4,900	4,780	9.4	9.8	9.0
In top decile	7,985	4,085	3,895	7.7	8.1	7.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	103,200	...	...	103,200	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.428	...	...	0.428	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.272	...	...	0.272	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.6	...	...	3.6	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	104,635	50,805	53,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	96,930	47,425	49,505	92.6	93.3	92.0
French only	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	6,985	3,055	3,930	6.7	6.0	7.3
Neither English nor French	690	310	385	0.7	0.6	0.7
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	104,635	50,805	53,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	102,645	49,875	52,765	98.1	98.2	98.0
French	1,175	565	610	1.1	1.1	1.1
English and French	165	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Neither English nor French	650	285	365	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	104,635	50,805	53,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	102,650	49,905	52,740	98.1	98.2	98.0
Official languages	91,300	44,710	46,600	87.3	88.0	86.6
English	90,055	44,100	45,950	86.1	86.8	85.4
French	1,250	605	650	1.2	1.2	1.2
Non-official languages	11,345	5,195	6,150	10.8	10.2	11.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	11,300	5,180	6,120	10.8	10.2	11.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	520	280	240	0.5	0.6	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	495	275	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	450	250	200	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	590	270	325	0.6	0.5	0.6
Khmer (Cambodian)	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Vietnamese	530	240	285	0.5	0.5	0.5
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	915	350	565	0.9	0.7	1.0
Bikol	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	715	270	440	0.7	0.5	0.8
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	140	70	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	90	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,835	2,755	3,080	5.6	5.4	5.7
Albanian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,015	455	560	1.0	0.9	1.0
Baltic languages	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,000	450	555	1.0	0.9	1.0
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	240	100	140	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	265	115	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	195	85	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bosnian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,820	820	1,000	1.7	1.6	1.9
Frisian	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	945	420	525	0.9	0.8	1.0
German	910	400	510	0.9	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	585	275	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	100	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	465	220	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	280	120	160	0.3	0.2	0.3
Danish	150	60	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Swedish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,915	985	925	1.8	1.9	1.7
Indo-Aryan languages	1,700	880	820	1.6	1.7	1.5
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Gujarati	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	245	145	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,170	585	585	1.1	1.2	1.1
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	210	105	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	210	100	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dari	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	170	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	985	435	550	0.9	0.9	1.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	595	255	340	0.6	0.5	0.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	255	70	185	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	525	240	280	0.5	0.5	0.5
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	105	55	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,050	940	1,105	2.0	1.9	2.1
Chinese languages	2,045	935	1,105	2.0	1.8	2.1
Hakka	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,550	710	840	1.5	1.4	1.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	420	200	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	80	10	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Lao	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	75	10	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	30	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	25	20	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	230	100	130	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	75	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	145	65	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,990	900	1,090	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	450	210	245	0.4	0.4	0.5
English and non-official language(s)	1,285	600	690	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	35	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	185	70	115	0.2	0.1	0.2
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	104,635	50,805	53,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	93,040	45,405	47,635	88.9	89.4	88.5
French	190	90	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official language	2,670	1,295	1,375	2.6	2.5	2.6
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	2,670	1,295	1,375	2.6	2.5	2.6
English and French	990	445	545	0.9	0.9	1.0
English and non-official language(s)	7,310	3,380	3,935	7.0	6.7	7.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	275	120	155	0.3	0.2	0.3
Multiple non-official languages	155	65	90	0.1	0.1	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	104,635	50,805	53,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	103,145	50,110	53,030	98.6	98.6	98.5
Official languages	98,010	47,620	50,385	93.7	93.7	93.6
English	97,710	47,480	50,235	93.4	93.5	93.3
French	295	145	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Non-official languages	5,135	2,490	2,650	4.9	4.9	4.9
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,130	2,485	2,645	4.9	4.9	4.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	315	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	300	155	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	285	140	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	365	170	195	0.3	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	325	150	175	0.3	0.3	0.3
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	415	205	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	320	155	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	90	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,910	920	985	1.8	1.8	1.8
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	320	155	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	150	75	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	50	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	95	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	20	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,080	535	545	1.0	1.1	1.0
Indo-Aryan languages	980	490	485	0.9	1.0	0.9
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	740	370	370	0.7	0.7	0.7
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	300	130	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	35	5	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Romanian	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	200	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	75	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	420	205	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,420	685	735	1.4	1.3	1.4
Chinese languages	1,420	685	735	1.4	1.3	1.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,150	555	595	1.1	1.1	1.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	230	115	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	50	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,490	695	800	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	140	55	80	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,295	610	690	1.2	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	104,635	50,805	53,830	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	97,130	47,365	49,765	92.8	93.2	92.4
English	2,140	1,025	1,115	2.0	2.0	2.1
French	805	355	445	0.8	0.7	0.8
Non-official language	3,660	1,640	2,020	3.5	3.2	3.8
Indigenous³⁹	75	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	3,585	1,600	1,980	3.4	3.1	3.7
English and French	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	280	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	175	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	425	180	250	0.4	0.4	0.5
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	103,155	50,160	52,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	102,445	49,835	52,610	99.3	99.4	99.3
English	102,425	49,825	52,605	99.3	99.3	99.3
French	6,895	2,995	3,900	6.7	6.0	7.4
Non-official languages	16,315	7,445	8,870	15.8	14.8	16.7
Indigenous languages³⁹	245	100	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Algonquian languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	100	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	16,080	7,345	8,735	15.6	14.6	16.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	645	330	315	0.6	0.7	0.6
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	610	320	290	0.6	0.6	0.5
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	515	255	260	0.5	0.5	0.5
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	695	310	385	0.7	0.6	0.7
Khmer (Cambodian)	85	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	610	280	330	0.6	0.6	0.6
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	1,340	540	805	1.3	1.1	1.5
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Fijian	60	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hiligaynon	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	80	15	65	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	45	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	1,140	460	680	1.1	0.9	1.3
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	55	25	25	0.1	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	160	75	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	45	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	9,260	4,360	4,900	9.0	8.7	9.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	1,300	600	700	1.3	1.2	1.3
Baltic languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	1,290	595	695	1.3	1.2	1.3
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	125	45	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	280	135	150	0.3	0.3	0.3
Russian	420	210	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	290	130	160	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bosnian	30	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	200	100	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	70	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	185	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	50	15	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Irish	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	2,705	1,195	1,515	2.6	2.4	2.9
Frisian	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,530	685	840	1.5	1.4	1.6
German	1,510	670	835	1.5	1.3	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	865	390	475	0.8	0.8	0.9
Afrikaans	250	140	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Dutch	610	250	360	0.6	0.5	0.7
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	455	165	280	0.4	0.3	0.5
Danish	225	80	145	0.2	0.2	0.3
Icelandic	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	125	50	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
Swedish	125	60	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	2,770	1,385	1,385	2.7	2.8	2.6
Indo-Aryan languages	2,455	1,235	1,220	2.4	2.5	2.3
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	115	60	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	155	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	1,240	650	590	1.2	1.3	1.1
Kacchi	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,645	800	840	1.6	1.6	1.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	320	150	170	0.3	0.3	0.3
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	265	115	145	0.3	0.2	0.3
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,710	1,245	1,470	2.6	2.5	2.8
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	440	225	215	0.4	0.4	0.4
Portuguese	220	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	2,160	955	1,205	2.1	1.9	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	525	175	350	0.5	0.3	0.7
Korean	665	300	360	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	295	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	55	25	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	205	60	140	0.2	0.1	0.3
American Sign Language	175	45	130	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	2,380	1,110	1,270	2.3	2.2	2.4
Chinese languages	2,375	1,110	1,265	2.3	2.2	2.4
Hakka	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	1,880	865	1,010	1.8	1.7	1.9
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	105	40	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	640	315	320	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	140	30	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	140	30	105	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	60	40	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	40	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	295	130	165	0.3	0.3	0.3
Estonian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	200	95	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Other languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,155	50,160	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,005	4,180	4,825	8.7	8.3	9.1
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	8,610	3,990	4,620	8.3	8.0	8.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,275	2,410	2,865	5.1	4.8	5.4
Métis	3,260	1,540	1,720	3.2	3.1	3.2
Inuk (Inuit)	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	230	100	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	94,150	45,985	48,165	91.3	91.7	90.9
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	103,155	50,160	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	3,870	1,860	2,010	3.8	3.7	3.8
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	99,280	48,300	50,980	96.2	96.3	96.2
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	30,645	...	...	67.3	...	...
Renter	14,675	...	...	32.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	190	...	...	0.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,015	...	...	15.4	...	...
Not condominium	38,490	...	...	84.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	345	...	...	0.8	...	...
1 bedroom	5,945	...	...	13.1	...	...
2 bedrooms	13,035	...	...	28.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	14,240	...	...	31.3	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	11,940	...	...	26.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	13,615	...	...	29.9	...	...
5 rooms	7,545	...	...	16.6	...	...
6 rooms	6,410	...	...	14.1	...	...
7 rooms	5,120	...	...	11.3	...	...
8 or more rooms	12,810	...	...	28.2	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	44,995	...	...	98.9	...	...
More than one person per room	515	...	...	1.1	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	43,910	...	...	96.5	...	...
Not suitable	1,590	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	5,845	...	...	12.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	12,225	...	...	26.9	...	...
1981 to 1990	6,690	...	...	14.7	...	...
1991 to 2000	8,330	...	...	18.3	...	...
2001 to 2005	2,290	...	...	5.0	...	...
2006 to 2010	3,280	...	...	7.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,820	...	...	6.2	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	4,025	...	...	8.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	43,045	...	...	94.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	2,465	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	22,195	...	...	48.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	20,735	...	...	45.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,575	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,575	...	...	3.5	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,795	...	...	12.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	7,145	...	...	15.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,945	...	...	15.3	...	...
55 to 64 years	8,640	...	...	19.0	...	...
65 to 74 years	8,860	...	...	19.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	4,895	...	...	10.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,650	...	...	3.6	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	45,095	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	34,215	...	...	75.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	10,880	...	...	24.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	9,895	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	45,505	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	13,920	...	...	30.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	10,000	...	...	22.0	...	...
Not suitable only	1,180	...	...	2.6	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,735	...	...	3.8	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	275	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	590	...	...	1.3	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	130	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	15	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	31,590	...	...	69.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	44,110	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	5,135	...	...	11.6	...	...
Not in core need	38,970	...	...	88.3	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	30,570	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	58.4	...	...	58.4	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	16.2	...	...	16.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	5.8	...	...	5.8	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,390	...	...	1,390	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	640,000	...	...	640,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	14,655	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	10.0	...	...	10.0	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.6	...	...	40.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.0	...	...	24.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,250	...	...	1,250	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,328	...	...	1,328	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	190	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	10.5	...	...	10.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	384	...	...	384	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	452	...	...	452	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	103,150	50,160	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,640	1,735	1,905	3.5	3.5	3.6
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,560	1,695	1,865	3.5	3.4	3.5
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,910	1,360	1,555	2.8	2.7	2.9
Métis single ancestry	615	320	300	0.6	0.6	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	60	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	6,050	2,675	3,375	5.9	5.3	6.4
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	5,815	2,565	3,245	5.6	5.1	6.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	3,795	1,655	2,140	3.7	3.3	4.0
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,955	870	1,085	1.9	1.7	2.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	60	45	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	235	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	235	105	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	93,465	45,745	47,715	90.6	91.2	90.0
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	103,150	50,160	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	97,020	47,295	49,725	94.1	94.3	93.8
Canadian citizens aged under 18	17,580	9,145	8,435	17.0	18.2	15.9
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	79,435	38,145	41,295	77.0	76.0	77.9
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	6,135	2,865	3,270	5.9	5.7	6.2
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	103,150	50,160	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	85,115	41,750	43,370	82.5	83.2	81.8
Immigrants⁸¹	16,180	7,510	8,670	15.7	15.0	16.4
Before 1980	5,980	2,875	3,100	5.8	5.7	5.8
1980 to 1990	1,780	800	975	1.7	1.6	1.8
1991 to 2000	1,800	755	1,050	1.7	1.5	2.0
2001 to 2010	2,740	1,300	1,440	2.7	2.6	2.7
2011 to 2021⁸²	3,880	1,775	2,100	3.8	3.5	4.0
2011 to 2015	1,575	715	860	1.5	1.4	1.6
2016 to 2021	2,305	1,060	1,245	2.2	2.1	2.3
Non-permanent residents⁸³	1,855	895	960	1.8	1.8	1.8
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	16,180	7,515	8,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,790	900	890	11.1	12.0	10.3
5 to 14 years	3,100	1,485	1,615	19.2	19.8	18.6
15 to 24 years	3,015	1,320	1,700	18.6	17.6	19.6
25 to 44 years	6,735	3,130	3,605	41.6	41.7	41.6
45 years and over	1,540	680	865	9.5	9.0	10.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	16,180	7,515	8,665	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	2,020	880	1,145	12.5	11.7	13.2
Brazil	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Colombia	80	35	45	0.5	0.5	0.5
El Salvador	50	20	30	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyana	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	35	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Mexico	165	70	95	1.0	0.9	1.1
Peru	40	0	35	0.2	0.0	0.4
Trinidad and Tobago	30	10	15	0.2	0.1	0.2
United States of America	1,245	560	685	7.7	7.5	7.9
Other places of birth in Americas	305	135	170	1.9	1.8	2.0
Europe	7,005	3,460	3,550	43.3	46.0	41.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
Croatia	125	65	60	0.8	0.9	0.7
France	95	65	35	0.6	0.9	0.4
Germany	680	345	340	4.2	4.6	3.9
Greece	45	35	10	0.3	0.5	0.1
Hungary	150	70	75	0.9	0.9	0.9
Italy	145	95	55	0.9	1.3	0.6
Netherlands	475	225	250	2.9	3.0	2.9
Poland	250	135	120	1.5	1.8	1.4
Portugal	70	50	20	0.4	0.7	0.2
Romania	45	15	25	0.3	0.2	0.3
Russian Federation	115	60	60	0.7	0.8	0.7
Serbia⁸⁶	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ukraine	85	50	30	0.5	0.7	0.3
United Kingdom⁸⁷	3,685	1,795	1,885	22.8	23.9	21.8
Other places of birth in Europe	985	425	560	6.1	5.7	6.5
Africa	780	380	400	4.8	5.1	4.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Egypt	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Morocco	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Nigeria	155	70	80	1.0	0.9	0.9
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	310	165	145	1.9	2.2	1.7
Other places of birth in Africa	235	105	130	1.5	1.4	1.5
Asia	6,015	2,630	3,385	37.2	35.0	39.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	235	130	110	1.5	1.7	1.3
Iraq	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lebanon	10	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	230	120	110	1.4	1.6	1.3
Turkey	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
China⁹⁰	1,290	560	735	8.0	7.5	8.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	180	85	95	1.1	1.1	1.1
Korea, South⁹²	470	195	280	2.9	2.6	3.2
Taiwan	135	45	95	0.8	0.6	1.1
Philippines	1,055	430	625	6.5	5.7	7.2
Viet Nam	465	205	260	2.9	2.7	3.0
Bangladesh	30	10	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
India	1,075	540	535	6.6	7.2	6.2
Pakistan	40	15	25	0.2	0.2	0.3
Sri Lanka	50	25	25	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	710	235	475	4.4	3.1	5.5
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	350	160	190	2.2	2.1	2.2
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	2,305	1,060	1,245	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	215	100	110	9.3	9.4	8.8
Brazil	30	10	20	1.3	0.9	1.6
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	30	10	20	1.3	0.9	1.6
United States of America	115	60	55	5.0	5.7	4.4
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	35	20	10	1.5	1.9	0.8
Europe	305	150	155	13.2	14.2	12.4
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	40	20	25	1.7	1.9	2.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	0	0.7	0.9	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	60	60	5.0	5.7	4.8
Other places of birth in Europe	110	55	55	4.8	5.2	4.4
Africa	265	135	135	11.5	12.7	10.8
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	125	55	65	5.4	5.2	5.2
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	0	1.1	1.4	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	85	40	45	3.7	3.8	3.6
Asia	1,460	650	810	63.3	61.3	65.1
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	15	0	10	0.7	0.0	0.8
China⁹⁰	410	180	230	17.8	17.0	18.5
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
India	310	170	140	13.4	16.0	11.2
Iran⁸⁸	25	10	10	1.1	0.9	0.8
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	25	1.3	0.0	2.0
Jordan	15	10	10	0.7	0.9	0.8
Korea, South⁹²	90	30	65	3.9	2.8	5.2
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	225	85	135	9.8	8.0	10.8
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	0	0	0.4	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	210	110	95	9.1	10.4	7.6
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	35	10	20	1.5	0.9	1.6
Other places of birth in Asia	65	20	45	2.8	1.9	3.6
Oceania and other⁹³	60	30	35	2.6	2.8	2.8
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	50	25	30	2.2	2.4	2.4
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	103,155	50,155	52,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	19,255	8,990	10,260	18.7	17.9	19.4
Second generation¹⁰¹	19,400	9,250	10,150	18.8	18.4	19.2
Third generation or more¹⁰²	64,500	31,920	32,585	62.5	63.6	61.5
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	10,200	4,635	5,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	5,635	2,735	2,895	55.2	59.0	52.0
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	2,415	1,385	1,035	23.7	29.9	18.6
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	3,220	1,355	1,860	31.6	29.2	33.4
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	3,480	1,365	2,115	34.1	29.4	38.0
Refugees¹⁰⁸	1,035	510	520	10.1	11.0	9.3
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	50	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	10,200	4,635	5,570	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	190	100	95	1.9	2.2	1.7
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,530	685	850	15.0	14.8	15.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	395	170	225	3.9	3.7	4.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	940	460	480	9.2	9.9	8.6
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	70	20	50	0.7	0.4	0.9
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	7,075	3,200	3,870	69.4	69.0	69.5
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	103,155	50,160	52,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	13,530	6,320	7,210	13.1	12.6	13.6
South Asian	3,105	1,575	1,530	3.0	3.1	2.9
Chinese	2,905	1,350	1,550	2.8	2.7	2.9
Black	1,235	575	655	1.2	1.1	1.2
Filipino	1,550	680	870	1.5	1.4	1.6
Arab	430	225	205	0.4	0.4	0.4
Latin American	725	325	400	0.7	0.6	0.8
Southeast Asian	1,215	530	690	1.2	1.1	1.3
West Asian	320	160	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Korean	705	315	390	0.7	0.6	0.7
Japanese	660	245	415	0.6	0.5	0.8
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	225	110	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	460	225	230	0.4	0.4	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	89,620	43,840	45,780	86.9	87.4	86.4
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	103,155	50,160	52,990	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	12,970	6,660	6,310	12.6	13.3	11.9
English	32,030	15,320	16,715	31.1	30.5	31.5
Irish	17,440	8,330	9,110	16.9	16.6	17.2
Scottish	23,160	11,175	11,990	22.5	22.3	22.6
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,970	4,155	4,815	8.7	8.3	9.1
German	13,545	6,430	7,115	13.1	12.8	13.4
Chinese	3,220	1,520	1,695	3.1	3.0	3.2
Italian	3,620	1,795	1,820	3.5	3.6	3.4
Indian (India)	1,915	970	950	1.9	1.9	1.8
Ukrainian	5,250	2,545	2,705	5.1	5.1	5.1
Dutch	4,870	2,360	2,505	4.7	4.7	4.7
Polish	3,125	1,485	1,645	3.0	3.0	3.1
Québécois	150	90	60	0.1	0.2	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	5,415	2,555	2,860	5.2	5.1	5.4
Filipino	1,535	675	860	1.5	1.3	1.6
French Canadian	1,075	550	525	1.0	1.1	1.0
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	2,205	1,085	1,125	2.1	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,190	1,370	1,815	3.1	2.7	3.4
Métis	2,870	1,320	1,545	2.8	2.6	2.9
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,760	1,400	1,365	2.7	2.8	2.6
Russian	2,275	1,050	1,230	2.2	2.1	2.3
Norwegian	3,875	1,860	2,015	3.8	3.7	3.8
Welsh	3,455	1,700	1,755	3.3	3.4	3.3
Portuguese	465	200	265	0.5	0.4	0.5
American	1,815	890	925	1.8	1.8	1.7
Spanish	1,090	510	575	1.1	1.0	1.1
Swedish	2,875	1,335	1,550	2.8	2.7	2.9
Hungarian	1,460	705	755	1.4	1.4	1.4
Acadian	235	120	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pakistani	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	290	155	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	515	225	285	0.5	0.4	0.5
Punjabi	530	255	275	0.5	0.5	0.5
Vietnamese	810	390	420	0.8	0.8	0.8
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	220	120	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	395	195	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	225	130	100	0.2	0.3	0.2
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	345	115	235	0.3	0.2	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	720	290	430	0.7	0.6	0.8
Korean	700	325	375	0.7	0.6	0.7
Romanian	570	260	310	0.6	0.5	0.6
Lebanese	175	85	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Iranian	300	150	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	245	130	115	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	1,760	820	940	1.7	1.6	1.8
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	685	360	325	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	380	200	180	0.4	0.4	0.3
Austrian	1,195	535	665	1.2	1.1	1.3
Belgian	760	345	415	0.7	0.7	0.8
Haitian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	160	75	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Mexican	375	165	210	0.4	0.3	0.4
Mennonite	220	105	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Swiss	605	360	240	0.6	0.7	0.5
Finnish	1,020	475	545	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sri Lankan	65	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	515	245	270	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	820	310	510	0.8	0.6	1.0
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	120	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	175	75	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	850	410	440	0.8	0.8	0.8
Muslim	90	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	85	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	125	40	85	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tamil	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	845	400	445	0.8	0.8	0.8
Colombian	95	30	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	575	275	305	0.6	0.5	0.6
Syrian	225	105	120	0.2	0.2	0.2
Guyanese	60	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afghan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	95	25	75	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.1
Ojibway	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Newfoundlander	145	75	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hong Konger	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ontarian	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	75	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	95	65	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	65	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algerian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	55	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	195	90	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	30	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	190	60	135	0.2	0.1	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	270	120	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Somali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	125	45	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	65	25	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
African Caribbean	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	75	45	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	35	25	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	160	75	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	270	150	120	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	405	195	210	0.4	0.4	0.4
Palestinian	60	25	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Chilean	150	60	95	0.1	0.1	0.2
Congolese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Ethiopian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Peruvian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	80	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	105	40	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	285	175	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	85	25	60	0.1	0.0	0.1
Israeli	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	120	70	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	215	115	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bulgarian	45	20	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Albertan	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	140	65	75	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	200	95	105	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	135	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bengali	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	170	65	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Laotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	125	55	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	170	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	470	255	220	0.5	0.5	0.4
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	135	70	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	35	25	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	170	45	120	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	80	30	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	160	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.0
Buddhist	0	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	20	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	50	25	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cape Bretoner	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	65	25	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	55	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	25	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	45	25	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	50	25	25	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	45	30	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azorean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uruguayan	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	25	25	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	103,155	50,160	52,995	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	680	240	435	0.7	0.5	0.8
Christian	32,775	14,350	18,430	31.8	28.6	34.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	7,985	3,690	4,295	7.7	7.4	8.1
Anabaptist	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	3,810	1,550	2,260	3.7	3.1	4.3
Baptist	1,260	555	705	1.2	1.1	1.3
Catholic	9,610	4,345	5,265	9.3	8.7	9.9
Christian Orthodox	305	160	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jehovah's Witness	825	360	465	0.8	0.7	0.9
Latter Day Saints	310	165	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Lutheran	1,165	450	710	1.1	0.9	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	195	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	970	395	575	0.9	0.8	1.1
Presbyterian	760	320	440	0.7	0.6	0.8
Reformed	140	60	80	0.1	0.1	0.2
United Church	3,760	1,485	2,275	3.6	3.0	4.3
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,560	670	890	1.5	1.3	1.7
Hindu	795	405	385	0.8	0.8	0.7
Jewish	250	125	125	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	1,000	465	535	1.0	0.9	1.0
Sikh	1,320	635	690	1.3	1.3	1.3
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	605	285	315	0.6	0.6	0.6
Other religions and spiritual traditions	1,460	560	895	1.4	1.1	1.7
No religion and secular perspectives	64,265	33,085	31,180	62.3	66.0	58.8
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	102,415	49,800	52,615	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	86,550	42,055	44,490	84.5	84.4	84.6
Movers	15,870	7,745	8,125	15.5	15.6	15.4
Non-migrants	9,590	4,705	4,880	9.4	9.4	9.3
Migrants	6,280	3,035	3,240	6.1	6.1	6.2
Internal migrants	5,640	2,745	2,890	5.5	5.5	5.5
Intraprovincial migrants	3,995	1,970	2,025	3.9	4.0	3.8
Interprovincial migrants	1,640	775	865	1.6	1.6	1.6
External migrants	645	290	355	0.6	0.6	0.7
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	98,820	47,980	50,840	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	51,705	25,005	26,700	52.3	52.1	52.5
Movers	47,110	22,970	24,140	47.7	47.9	47.5
Non-migrants	20,720	10,025	10,695	21.0	20.9	21.0
Migrants	26,390	12,950	13,445	26.7	27.0	26.4
Internal migrants	23,155	11,370	11,775	23.4	23.7	23.2
Intraprovincial migrants	17,130	8,350	8,780	17.3	17.4	17.3
Interprovincial migrants	6,025	3,025	3,000	6.1	6.3	5.9
External migrants	3,240	1,570	1,665	3.3	3.3	3.3
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,050	42,345	45,700	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	14,400	7,940	6,455	16.4	18.8	14.1
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	73,655	34,410	39,245	83.7	81.3	85.9
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,365	25,755	27,600	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	5,830	3,445	2,385	10.9	13.4	8.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	47,530	22,310	25,220	89.1	86.6	91.4
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	88,050	42,350	45,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	12,070	6,515	5,555	13.7	15.4	12.2
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	26,960	13,015	13,945	30.6	30.7	30.5
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	49,020	22,820	26,205	55.7	53.9	57.3
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	28,765	13,920	14,850	32.7	32.9	32.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	8,390	6,065	2,320	9.5	14.3	5.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	3,455	1,910	1,545	3.9	4.5	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,935	4,160	770	5.6	9.8	1.7
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	16,065	6,300	9,765	18.2	14.9	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	4,315	1,555	2,765	4.9	3.7	6.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	20,255	8,900	11,355	23.0	21.0	24.8
Bachelor's degree	12,765	5,465	7,300	14.5	12.9	16.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,500	700	800	1.7	1.7	1.8
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	615	365	260	0.7	0.9	0.6
Master's degree	4,575	1,970	2,605	5.2	4.7	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	795	400	390	0.9	0.9	0.9
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	53,360	25,760	27,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	4,670	2,800	1,870	8.8	10.9	6.8
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,920	7,785	7,130	28.0	30.2	25.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	33,775	15,175	18,605	63.3	58.9	67.4
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	18,830	8,910	9,915	35.3	34.6	35.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,230	3,740	1,490	9.8	14.5	5.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,170	1,185	985	4.1	4.6	3.6
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,065	2,555	510	5.7	9.9	1.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	10,660	4,150	6,510	20.0	16.1	23.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,945	1,020	1,920	5.5	4.0	7.0
Bachelor's degree or higher	14,945	6,260	8,685	28.0	24.3	31.5
Bachelor's degree	9,535	3,945	5,590	17.9	15.3	20.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,135	515	620	2.1	2.0	2.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	455	230	230	0.9	0.9	0.8
Master's degree	3,315	1,355	1,960	6.2	5.3	7.1
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	505	215	290	0.9	0.8	1.1
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	88,055	42,350	45,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	39,035	19,530	19,500	44.3	46.1	42.7
Education	3,835	1,040	2,790	4.4	2.5	6.1
13. Education	3,835	1,040	2,790	4.4	2.5	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,840	740	1,100	2.1	1.7	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	145	105	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,695	625	1,065	1.9	1.5	2.3
Humanities	2,240	940	1,300	2.5	2.2	2.8
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	175	50	125	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	715	265	450	0.8	0.6	1.0
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	580	190	385	0.7	0.4	0.8
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	50	10	45	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	170	100	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	205	110	95	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	280	190	95	0.3	0.4	0.2
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	5,170	1,835	3,340	5.9	4.3	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	135	15	115	0.2	0.0	0.3
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	450	195	255	0.5	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	980	130	845	1.1	0.3	1.8
22. Legal professions and studies	680	230	440	0.8	0.5	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	140	40	100	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	965	305	665	1.1	0.7	1.5
45. Social sciences	1,830	915	915	2.1	2.2	2.0
Business, management and public administration	9,600	3,535	6,065	10.9	8.3	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	900	185	720	1.0	0.4	1.6
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	8,680	3,345	5,340	9.9	7.9	11.7
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,765	910	850	2.0	2.1	1.9
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	935	450	490	1.1	1.1	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	160	145	0.3	0.4	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	40	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	410	255	150	0.5	0.6	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,440	985	455	1.6	2.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	1,095	835	260	1.2	2.0	0.6
25. Library science	140	25	120	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	190	115	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	9,040	8,375	670	10.3	19.8	1.5
04. Architecture and related services	230	145	90	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	1,445	1,230	220	1.6	2.9	0.5
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,765	1,590	170	2.0	3.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,580	2,485	100	2.9	5.9	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,965	1,900	70	2.2	4.5	0.2
48. Precision production	1,055	1,030	25	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,530	970	560	1.7	2.3	1.2
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	725	355	375	0.8	0.8	0.8
03. Natural resources and conservation	805	615	185	0.9	1.5	0.4
Health and related fields	9,070	1,735	7,335	10.3	4.1	16.0
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	585	290	300	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	8,255	1,295	6,965	9.4	3.1	15.2
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	40	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	190	140	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	3,490	1,765	1,720	4.0	4.2	3.8
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	2,260	715	1,550	2.6	1.7	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	25	25	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	30	30	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
43. Security and protective services	340	230	110	0.4	0.5	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	835	765	70	0.9	1.8	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	53,360	25,755	27,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	19,590	10,585	9,005	36.7	41.1	32.6
Education	2,280	595	1,680	4.3	2.3	6.1
13. Education	2,280	595	1,680	4.3	2.3	6.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	1,430	575	855	2.7	2.2	3.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	90	70	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	1,340	505	830	2.5	2.0	3.0
Humanities	1,495	620	875	2.8	2.4	3.2
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	30	75	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	475	170	305	0.9	0.7	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	420	145	275	0.8	0.6	1.0
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	115	65	50	0.2	0.3	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	120	70	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	185	120	70	0.3	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,850	1,250	2,600	7.2	4.9	9.4
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	120	15	105	0.2	0.1	0.4
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	360	140	225	0.7	0.5	0.8
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	770	105	670	1.4	0.4	2.4
22. Legal professions and studies	440	130	315	0.8	0.5	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	110	35	80	0.2	0.1	0.3
42. Psychology	655	185	465	1.2	0.7	1.7
45. Social sciences	1,390	645	745	2.6	2.5	2.7
Business, management and public administration	6,760	2,510	4,250	12.7	9.7	15.4
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	630	120	510	1.2	0.5	1.8
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,130	2,390	3,740	11.5	9.3	13.5
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,225	580	645	2.3	2.3	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	670	300	370	1.3	1.2	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	210	105	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
40. Physical sciences	285	155	125	0.5	0.6	0.5
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,055	760	295	2.0	3.0	1.1
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	870	695	175	1.6	2.7	0.6
25. Library science	85	15	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	85	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	5,805	5,260	540	10.9	20.4	2.0
04. Architecture and related services	170	95	75	0.3	0.4	0.3
14. Engineering	980	795	180	1.8	3.1	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,045	915	130	2.0	3.6	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,775	1,685	90	3.3	6.5	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,200	1,155	50	2.2	4.5	0.2
48. Precision production	635	615	20	1.2	2.4	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,110	630	480	2.1	2.4	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	535	220	315	1.0	0.9	1.1
03. Natural resources and conservation	575	410	165	1.1	1.6	0.6
Health and related fields	6,405	1,280	5,125	12.0	5.0	18.6
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	410	200	210	0.8	0.8	0.8
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,850	1,005	4,845	11.0	3.9	17.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	115	70	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,355	1,105	1,250	4.4	4.3	4.5
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,570	460	1,110	2.9	1.8	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	15	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	225	140	90	0.4	0.5	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	535	485	50	1.0	1.9	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	53,360	25,755	27,605	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	19,590	10,585	9,005	36.7	41.1	32.6
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	33,770	15,170	18,600	63.3	58.9	67.4
Location of study inside Canada	29,500	13,225	16,275	55.3	51.3	59.0
Same as province or territory of residence	22,800	10,115	12,680	42.7	39.3	45.9
Different than province or territory of residence	6,700	3,105	3,595	12.6	12.1	13.0
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	4,275	1,950	2,325	8.0	7.6	8.4
Americas	885	445	440	1.7	1.7	1.6
United States of America	725	380	345	1.4	1.5	1.2
Mexico	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Colombia	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peru	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Europe	1,000	540	465	1.9	2.1	1.7
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germany	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Switzerland	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hungary	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ukraine	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	535	295	245	1.0	1.1	0.9
Bosnia and Herzegovina	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	120	55	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Africa	200	100	100	0.4	0.4	0.4
Nigeria	45	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	120	65	55	0.2	0.3	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	25	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Asia	2,050	775	1,270	3.8	3.0	4.6
Iran⁸⁸	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	550	205	345	1.0	0.8	1.2
Taiwan	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	105	10	95	0.2	0.0	0.3
Korea, South⁹²	170	75	95	0.3	0.3	0.3
Philippines	485	190	290	0.9	0.7	1.1
Viet Nam	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bangladesh	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	390	160	225	0.7	0.6	0.8
Pakistan	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	110	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	135	85	45	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australia	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
New Zealand	45	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	88,050	42,350	45,705	...	...	...
In the labour force	53,005	26,850	26,150	...	...	...
Employed	48,605	24,580	24,015	...	...	...
Unemployed	4,400	2,265	2,135	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	35,050	15,495	19,550	...	...	...
Participation rate	60.2	63.4	57.2	60.2	63.4	57.2
Employment rate	55.2	58.0	52.5	55.2	58.0	52.5
Unemployment rate	8.3	8.4	8.2	8.3	8.4	8.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	88,055	42,350	45,705	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	35,170	15,590	19,585	39.9	36.8	42.9
Worked	52,880	26,760	26,120	60.1	63.2	57.1
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	26,075	14,300	11,780	29.6	33.8	25.8
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	26,805	12,460	14,345	30.4	29.4	31.4
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.0	41.5	40.5	41.0	41.5	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	53,005	26,850	26,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,115	565	550	2.1	2.1	2.1
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	51,890	26,285	25,600	97.9	97.9	97.9
Employee	43,130	21,290	21,840	81.4	79.3	83.5
Permanent position	36,405	18,190	18,210	68.7	67.7	69.6
Temporary position	6,730	3,100	3,630	12.7	11.5	13.9
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,700	730	965	3.2	2.7	3.7
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	5,030	2,365	2,660	9.5	8.8	10.2
Self-employed¹⁹²	8,760	5,000	3,760	16.5	18.6	14.4
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	53,005	26,850	26,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,115	565	550	2.1	2.1	2.1
All occupations¹⁹¹	51,890	26,285	25,600	97.9	97.9	97.9
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	445	285	160	0.8	1.1	0.6
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,525	1,955	5,570	14.2	7.3	21.3
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	3,310	2,450	860	6.2	9.1	3.3
3 Health occupations	5,160	1,125	4,035	9.7	4.2	15.4
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	6,290	2,065	4,225	11.9	7.7	16.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,625	720	905	3.1	2.7	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	15,440	6,935	8,500	29.1	25.8	32.5
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,530	8,710	825	18.0	32.4	3.2
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,285	995	290	2.4	3.7	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,270	1,050	225	2.4	3.9	0.9
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	53,005	26,850	26,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	1,115	565	550	2.1	2.1	2.1
All industries¹⁹¹	51,890	26,285	25,600	97.9	97.9	97.9
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	1,135	845	295	2.1	3.1	1.1
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	290	275	15	0.5	1.0	0.1
22 Utilities	240	215	25	0.5	0.8	0.1
23 Construction	4,920	4,210	710	9.3	15.7	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	1,895	1,440	455	3.6	5.4	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,150	845	305	2.2	3.1	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	7,370	3,645	3,725	13.9	13.6	14.2
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,725	2,140	585	5.1	8.0	2.2
51 Information and cultural industries	975	595	385	1.8	2.2	1.5
52 Finance and insurance	1,690	630	1,060	3.2	2.3	4.1
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	1,085	540	540	2.0	2.0	2.1
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,390	1,850	1,545	6.4	6.9	5.9
55 Management of companies and enterprises	70	40	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	2,560	1,390	1,170	4.8	5.2	4.5
61 Educational services	3,860	1,290	2,575	7.3	4.8	9.8
62 Health care and social assistance	8,530	1,830	6,705	16.1	6.8	25.6
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	890	400	485	1.7	1.5	1.9
72 Accommodation and food services	4,095	1,865	2,230	7.7	6.9	8.5
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,385	1,010	1,375	4.5	3.8	5.3
91 Public administration	2,635	1,235	1,400	5.0	4.6	5.4
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	57,115	28,870	28,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	55,675	28,245	27,435	97.5	97.8	97.1
French	75	10	70	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	210	120	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	210	120	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
English and French	430	170	260	0.8	0.6	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	680	300	375	1.2	1.0	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	57,115	28,870	28,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	56,960	28,790	28,170	99.7	99.7	99.8
Official languages	56,650	28,625	28,020	99.2	99.2	99.2
English	56,475	28,585	27,880	98.9	99.0	98.7
French	175	35	140	0.3	0.1	0.5
Non-official languages	310	165	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	305	165	145	0.5	0.6	0.5
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	70	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	60	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	95	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	95	55	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	55	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	155	85	70	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	130	65	65	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	57,115	28,870	28,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	56,095	28,435	27,655	98.2	98.5	97.9
English	200	70	125	0.4	0.2	0.4
French	315	130	185	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	440	190	250	0.8	0.7	0.9
Indigenous³⁹	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	385	165	220	0.7	0.6	0.8
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	30	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	48,605	24,585	24,015	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	8,575	3,685	4,895	17.6	15.0	20.4
Worked outside Canada	60	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	8,325	6,250	2,080	17.1	25.4	8.7
Usual place of work	31,645	14,610	17,035	65.1	59.4	70.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,645	14,605	17,040	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	25,520	11,230	14,290	80.6	76.9	83.9
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,815	1,900	1,915	12.1	13.0	11.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	2,125	1,330	795	6.7	9.1	4.7
Commute to a different province or territory	180	150	35	0.6	1.0	0.2
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	39,970	20,860	19,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	34,805	18,200	16,605	87.1	87.2	86.9
Car, truck or van - as a driver	32,435	17,160	15,275	81.1	82.3	79.9
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,375	1,035	1,335	5.9	5.0	7.0
Public transit	1,545	705	845	3.9	3.4	4.4
Walked	2,060	970	1,095	5.2	4.7	5.7
Bicycle	545	375	170	1.4	1.8	0.9
Other method	1,010	615	395	2.5	2.9	2.1
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	39,970	20,860	19,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,980	8,315	9,665	45.0	39.9	50.6
15 to 29 minutes	14,705	7,765	6,940	36.8	37.2	36.3
30 to 44 minutes	4,240	2,595	1,645	10.6	12.4	8.6
45 to 59 minutes	1,175	760	410	2.9	3.6	2.1
60 minutes and over	1,865	1,420	445	4.7	6.8	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	39,970	20,860	19,115	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,090	1,530	560	5.2	7.3	2.9
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	5,100	3,395	1,710	12.8	16.3	8.9
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,810	5,750	5,060	27.0	27.6	26.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	9,660	4,270	5,390	24.2	20.5	28.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	5,875	2,460	3,415	14.7	11.8	17.9
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	6,425	3,450	2,975	16.1	16.5	15.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	18,535	9,555	8,985	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,425	720	700	7.7	7.5	7.8
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	17,110	8,835	8,280	92.3	92.5	92.2
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	13,860	7,135	6,725	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,130	570	560	8.2	8.0	8.3
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	635	300	340	4.6	4.2	5.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	495	270	225	3.6	3.8	3.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	12,730	6,570	6,165	91.8	92.1	91.7

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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