Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	KamloopsMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	92,442	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	85,702^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	7.9	...	...	7.9	...	...
Total private dwellings²	39,771	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	38,082	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,243.3	...	...	1,243.3	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	74.35	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	92,445	45,365	47,080	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13,615	6,935	6,675	14.7	15.3	14.2
0 to 4 years	4,130	2,100	2,030	4.5	4.6	4.3
5 to 9 years	4,640	2,310	2,330	5.0	5.1	4.9
10 to 14 years	4,850	2,535	2,320	5.2	5.6	4.9
15 to 64 years	59,935	29,920	30,015	64.8	66.0	63.8
15 to 19 years	4,875	2,550	2,320	5.3	5.6	4.9
20 to 24 years	6,185	3,250	2,935	6.7	7.2	6.2
25 to 29 years	6,750	3,495	3,255	7.3	7.7	6.9
30 to 34 years	6,625	3,400	3,225	7.2	7.5	6.9
35 to 39 years	6,315	3,145	3,170	6.8	6.9	6.7
40 to 44 years	5,425	2,675	2,750	5.9	5.9	5.8
45 to 49 years	5,310	2,615	2,695	5.7	5.8	5.7
50 to 54 years	5,705	2,725	2,985	6.2	6.0	6.3
55 to 59 years	6,265	2,995	3,265	6.8	6.6	6.9
60 to 64 years	6,480	3,080	3,400	7.0	6.8	7.2
65 years and over	18,890	8,505	10,385	20.4	18.7	22.1
65 to 69 years	5,540	2,645	2,895	6.0	5.8	6.1
70 to 74 years	4,840	2,260	2,580	5.2	5.0	5.5
75 to 79 years	3,375	1,515	1,860	3.7	3.3	4.0
80 to 84 years	2,465	1,090	1,375	2.7	2.4	2.9
85 years and over	2,675	990	1,680	2.9	2.2	3.6
85 to 89 years	1,640	635	1,005	1.8	1.4	2.1
90 to 94 years	780	290	490	0.8	0.6	1.0
95 to 99 years	215	60	150	0.2	0.1	0.3
100 years and over	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	14.7	15.3	14.2	14.7	15.3	14.2
15 to 64 years	64.8	66.0	63.8	64.8	66.0	63.8
65 years and over	20.4	18.7	22.1	20.4	18.7	22.1
85 years and over	2.9	2.2	3.6	2.9	2.2	3.6
Average age of the population	42.7	41.4	43.9	42.7	41.4	43.9
Median age of the population	41.6	40.0	43.6	41.6	40.0	43.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	38,080	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	18,460	...	...	48.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,955	...	...	7.8	...	...
Row house	3,865	...	...	10.1	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	3,730	...	...	9.8	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	6,725	...	...	17.7	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	855	...	...	2.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	75	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	1,420	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	38,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	11,145	...	...	29.3	...	...
2 persons	14,040	...	...	36.9	...	...
3 persons	5,580	...	...	14.7	...	...
4 persons	4,755	...	...	12.5	...	...
5 or more persons	2,560	...	...	6.7	...	...
Number of persons in private households	89,100	43,895	45,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	78,825	38,430	40,400	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	43,470	21,640	21,825	55.1	56.3	54.0
Married	33,680	16,750	16,930	42.7	43.6	41.9
Living common-law	9,785	4,895	4,895	12.4	12.7	12.1
Living common law - Never married	6,985	3,490	3,500	8.9	9.1	8.7
Living common law - Separated	495	255	240	0.6	0.7	0.6
Living common law - Divorced	2,075	1,055	1,020	2.6	2.7	2.5
Living common law - Widowed	225	85	140	0.3	0.2	0.3
Not married and not living common-law	35,360	16,785	18,575	44.9	43.7	46.0
Not married and not living common law - Never married	22,580	12,505	10,075	28.6	32.5	24.9
Not married and not living common law - Separated	2,455	1,045	1,415	3.1	2.7	3.5
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	5,710	2,245	3,465	7.2	5.8	8.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	4,610	985	3,625	5.8	2.6	9.0
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	25,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	14,470	...	...	57.3	...	...
3 persons	4,955	...	...	19.6	...	...
4 persons	4,340	...	...	17.2	...	...
5 or more persons	1,495	...	...	5.9	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	25,260	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	21,020	...	...	83.2	...	...
Married couples	16,135	...	...	63.9	...	...
With children⁶	7,600	...	...	30.1	...	...
Without children	8,535	...	...	33.8	...	...
Common-law couples	4,885	...	...	19.3	...	...
With children⁶	1,660	...	...	6.6	...	...
Without children	3,225	...	...	12.8	...	...
Total one-parent families	4,235	...	...	16.8	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	3,275	...	...	13.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	960	...	...	3.8	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	89,095	43,895	45,205	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	69,040	34,080	34,960	77.5	77.6	77.3
Married spouses or common-law partners	42,045	20,990	21,055	47.2	47.8	46.6
Parents in one-parent families	4,235	960	3,275	4.8	2.2	7.2
Children⁶	22,760	12,130	10,630	25.5	27.6	23.5
In a two-parent family	16,485	8,670	7,815	18.5	19.8	17.3
In a one-parent family	6,280	3,465	2,815	7.0	7.9	6.2
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	20,055	9,810	10,240	22.5	22.3	22.7
Living alone	11,145	5,055	6,090	12.5	11.5	13.5
Living with other relatives⁷	2,290	965	1,325	2.6	2.2	2.9
Living with non-relatives only	6,620	3,790	2,830	7.4	8.6	6.3
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	38,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	21,440	...	...	56.3	...	...
Couple-family households	18,260	...	...	47.9	...	...
With children⁶	8,020	...	...	21.1	...	...
Without children	10,240	...	...	26.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	3,185	...	...	8.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	935	...	...	2.5	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	305	...	...	0.8	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	1,800	...	...	4.7	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	2,455	...	...	6.4	...	...
One-person households	11,145	...	...	29.3	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	75,525	36,990	38,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,445	35,930	37,510	97.2	97.1	97.3
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	50,800	37,200	42,800	50,800	37,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	73,480	35,950	37,525	97.3	97.2	97.4
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,800	45,200	34,400	38,800	45,200	34,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	65,835	32,785	33,060	87.2	88.6	85.8
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	36,800	46,400	29,200	36,800	46,400	29,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	52,565	26,995	25,580	69.6	73.0	66.4
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	39,600	48,400	32,800	39,600	48,400	32,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	61,035	28,035	33,010	80.8	75.8	85.7
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	10,200	9,500	10,800	10,200	9,500	10,800
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	7,480	3,720	3,760	9.9	10.1	9.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,520	5,480	5,600	5,520	5,480	5,600
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	18,250	8,775	9,475	24.2	23.7	24.6
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	75,575	37,000	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,400	35,845	37,555	97.1	96.9	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	53,200	62,100	44,720	53,200	62,100	44,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	73,420	35,850	37,570	97.1	96.9	97.4
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	45,680	52,300	39,360	45,680	52,300	39,360
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	65,845	32,445	33,395	87.1	87.7	86.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	48,800	59,250	38,680	48,800	59,250	38,680
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	52,730	26,855	25,870	69.8	72.6	67.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,160	58,550	39,440	49,160	58,550	39,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	60,825	27,900	32,920	80.5	75.4	85.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	11,380	10,910	11,780	11,380	10,910	11,780
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	7,710	3,760	3,945	10.2	10.2	10.2
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,550	6,275	6,820	6,550	6,275	6,820
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	18,290	8,705	9,585	24.2	23.5	24.8
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,580	8,340	8,790	8,580	8,340	8,790
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	75,575	37,000	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	24,230	13,505	10,725	32.1	36.5	27.8
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	65,000	74,000	55,600	65,000	74,000	55,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	72,700	81,700	61,450	72,700	81,700	61,450
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	21,655	9,850	11,810	28.7	26.6	30.6
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	20,600	25,200	17,800	20,600	25,200	17,800
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,440	40,160	26,000	32,440	40,160	26,000
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	82.2	86.4	77.0	82.2	86.4	77.0
Employment income (%)¹⁹	66.4	70.6	60.8	66.4	70.6	60.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	17.7	13.7	23.1	17.7	13.7	23.1
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.3	1.1	1.6	1.3	1.1	1.6
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	4.0	6.5	5.1	4.0	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.0	3.3	5.0	4.0	3.3	5.0
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	75,530	36,985	38,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	2,080	1,055	1,030	2.8	2.9	2.7
With total income	73,445	35,935	37,515	97.2	97.2	97.3
Under $10,000 (including loss)	5,750	2,400	3,355	7.8	6.7	8.9
$10,000 to $19,999	8,220	3,260	4,965	11.2	9.1	13.2
$20,000 to $29,999	10,990	4,520	6,470	15.0	12.6	17.2
$30,000 to $39,999	9,465	3,980	5,485	12.9	11.1	14.6
$40,000 to $49,999	8,280	3,580	4,705	11.3	10.0	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	7,130	3,365	3,765	9.7	9.4	10.0
$60,000 to $69,999	5,460	2,915	2,545	7.4	8.1	6.8
$70,000 to $79,999	4,125	2,335	1,790	5.6	6.5	4.8
$80,000 to $89,999	3,290	1,985	1,305	4.5	5.5	3.5
$90,000 to $99,999	2,530	1,560	970	3.4	4.3	2.6
$100,000 and over	8,195	6,035	2,155	11.2	16.8	5.7
$100,000 to $149,999	5,915	4,225	1,685	8.1	11.8	4.5
$150,000 and over	2,280	1,810	475	3.1	5.0	1.3
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	75,530	36,985	38,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	2,050	1,035	1,015	2.7	2.8	2.6
With after-tax income	73,475	35,955	37,525	97.3	97.2	97.4
Under $10,000 (including loss)	6,000	2,475	3,525	8.2	6.9	9.4
$10,000 to $19,999	8,495	3,375	5,125	11.6	9.4	13.7
$20,000 to $29,999	12,405	5,115	7,285	16.9	14.2	19.4
$30,000 to $39,999	11,050	4,770	6,285	15.0	13.3	16.7
$40,000 to $49,999	9,470	4,280	5,190	12.9	11.9	13.8
$50,000 to $59,999	7,500	3,875	3,625	10.2	10.8	9.7
$60,000 to $69,999	5,420	3,120	2,305	7.4	8.7	6.1
$70,000 to $79,999	3,990	2,435	1,555	5.4	6.8	4.1
$80,000 to $89,999	2,905	1,840	1,065	4.0	5.1	2.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,025	1,420	605	2.8	3.9	1.6
$100,000 and over	4,215	3,260	960	5.7	9.1	2.6
$100,000 to $124,999	2,420	1,870	550	3.3	5.2	1.5
$125,000 and over	1,795	1,385	410	2.4	3.9	1.1
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	75,530	36,985	38,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	22,965	10,000	12,960	30.4	27.0	33.6
With employment income	52,570	26,990	25,575	69.6	73.0	66.4
Under $5,000 (including loss)	6,765	3,225	3,540	12.9	11.9	13.8
$5,000 to $9,999	3,860	1,625	2,235	7.3	6.0	8.7
$10,000 to $19,999	6,240	2,670	3,565	11.9	9.9	13.9
$20,000 to $29,999	4,885	2,185	2,705	9.3	8.1	10.6
$30,000 to $39,999	4,790	2,055	2,735	9.1	7.6	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	4,530	1,990	2,545	8.6	7.4	10.0
$50,000 to $59,999	4,315	1,985	2,335	8.2	7.4	9.1
$60,000 to $69,999	3,410	1,830	1,580	6.5	6.8	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,880	1,670	1,205	5.5	6.2	4.7
$80,000 to $89,999	2,525	1,565	960	4.8	5.8	3.8
$90,000 to $99,999	2,055	1,310	740	3.9	4.9	2.9
$100,000 and over	6,310	4,885	1,420	12.0	18.1	5.6
$100,000 to $124,999	3,225	2,330	890	6.1	8.6	3.5
$125,000 and over	3,090	2,555	535	5.9	9.5	2.1
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	75,525	36,990	38,540	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,550	34,935	36,620	94.7	94.4	95.0
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,400	50,000	34,000	40,400	50,000	34,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	71,680	34,950	36,735	94.9	94.5	95.3
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	36,400	44,000	30,800	36,400	44,000	30,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	65,270	32,415	32,850	86.4	87.6	85.2
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	37,200	48,000	29,800	37,200	48,000	29,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	54,580	27,835	26,745	72.3	75.3	69.4
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,000	48,400	30,800	38,000	48,400	30,800
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	49,685	21,300	28,380	65.8	57.6	73.6
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,700	7,750	7,650	7,700	7,750	7,650
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	5,980	2,960	3,020	7.9	8.0	7.8
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,400	5,080	5,680	5,400	5,080	5,680
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	75,575	37,000	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,395	34,825	36,570	94.5	94.1	94.8
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	50,880	60,750	41,520	50,880	60,750	41,520
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	71,510	34,845	36,670	94.6	94.2	95.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,120	50,480	36,080	43,120	50,480	36,080
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	65,110	32,125	32,980	86.2	86.8	85.5
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	48,880	59,850	38,200	48,880	59,850	38,200
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	54,425	27,650	26,770	72.0	74.7	69.4
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,640	57,500	37,440	47,640	57,500	37,440
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	49,425	21,030	28,400	65.4	56.8	73.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	9,140	9,170	9,120	9,140	9,170	9,120
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	5,985	2,945	3,040	7.9	8.0	7.9
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	7,020	6,020	8,000	7,020	6,020	8,000
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	75,575	37,000	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	23,995	13,345	10,650	31.7	36.1	27.6
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,800	71,500	51,200	60,800	71,500	51,200
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	68,400	78,200	56,100	68,400	78,200	56,100
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	20,350	9,275	11,080	26.9	25.1	28.7
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	26,200	32,400	22,800	26,200	32,400	22,800
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	37,960	47,840	29,680	37,960	47,840	29,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	87.6	90.8	83.0	87.6	90.8	83.0
Employment income (%)	71.4	75.2	66.0	71.4	75.2	66.0
Government transfers (%)	12.4	9.1	17.0	12.4	9.1	17.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.2	0.8	1.6	1.2	0.8	1.6
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	38,085	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	11,145	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,400	...	...	38,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	26,935	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	96,000	...	...	96,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	38,095	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	102,500	...	...	102,500	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	88,000	...	...	88,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	11,175	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	52,450	...	...	52,450	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	45,160	...	...	45,160	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	26,925	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	123,300	...	...	123,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	105,800	...	...	105,800	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	38,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	365	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	160	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	270	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	895	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,475	...	...	3.9	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,205	...	...	3.2	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,165	...	...	3.1	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,385	...	...	3.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,425	...	...	3.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,385	...	...	3.6	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,850	...	...	7.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,710	...	...	7.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,460	...	...	6.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,310	...	...	6.1	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,110	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	15,920	...	...	41.8	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,575	...	...	12.0	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,530	...	...	9.3	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	4,415	...	...	11.6	...	...
$200,000 and over	3,405	...	...	8.9	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	38,085	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	390	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	170	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	275	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	920	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,535	...	...	4.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	1,365	...	...	3.6	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	1,385	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,620	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,605	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,645	...	...	4.3	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	3,230	...	...	8.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	3,055	...	...	8.0	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	2,850	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	2,665	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	2,365	...	...	6.2	...	...
$100,000 and over	13,005	...	...	34.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	4,795	...	...	12.6	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	3,335	...	...	8.8	...	...
$150,000 and over	4,875	...	...	12.8	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	25,055	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	108,000	...	...	108,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	10,830	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	94,000	...	...	94,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	84,000	...	...	84,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	9,340	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	145,000	...	...	145,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	124,000	...	...	124,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	3,965	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	69,500	...	...	69,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,500	...	...	64,500	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	17,765	8,845	8,920	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	37,200	39,600	35,600	37,200	39,600	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	34,800	36,000	33,200	34,800	36,000	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	25,000	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	122,700	...	...	122,700	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	105,000	...	...	105,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	10,770	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	109,300	...	...	109,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	93,700	...	...	93,700	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	9,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	156,800	...	...	156,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,400	...	...	132,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	3,920	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	79,200	...	...	79,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	71,000	...	...	71,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	17,830	8,820	9,010	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	46,960	49,440	44,560	46,960	49,440	44,560
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,800	42,440	39,240	40,800	42,440	39,240
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	89,095	43,895	45,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	16,375	8,370	8,005	18.4	19.1	17.7
0 to 5 years	5,040	2,555	2,480	5.7	5.8	5.5
18 to 64 years	55,860	27,680	28,180	62.7	63.1	62.3
65 years and over	16,860	7,845	9,015	18.9	17.9	19.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	7,925	3,615	4,310	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	1,485	780	705	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	445	230	210	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	4,445	2,125	2,315	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,995	710	1,285	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	8.9	8.2	9.5	8.9	8.2	9.5
0 to 17 years (%)	9.1	9.3	8.8	9.1	9.3	8.8
0 to 5 years (%)	8.8	9.0	8.6	8.8	9.0	8.6
18 to 64 years (%)	8.0	7.7	8.2	8.0	7.7	8.2
65 years and over (%)	11.8	9.1	14.3	11.8	9.1	14.3
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	86,060	42,435	43,625	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	15,960	8,150	7,805	18.5	19.2	17.9
0 to 5 years	4,915	2,490	2,425	5.7	5.9	5.6
18 to 64 years	54,100	26,855	27,245	62.9	63.3	62.5
65 years and over	16,000	7,425	8,575	18.6	17.5	19.7
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	3,500	1,840	1,655	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	480	255	220	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	125	65	55	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,820	1,510	1,305	...	...	...
65 years and over	205	75	130	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	4.1	4.3	3.8	4.1	4.3	3.8
0 to 17 years (%)	3.0	3.2	2.8	3.0	3.2	2.8
0 to 5 years (%)	2.5	2.6	2.4	2.5	2.6	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	5.2	5.6	4.8	5.2	5.6	4.8
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.0	1.5	1.3	1.0	1.5
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	89,095	43,895	45,200	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	41,365	19,745	21,620	46.4	45.0	47.8
In bottom decile	8,480	4,110	4,370	9.5	9.4	9.7
In second decile	7,920	3,585	4,330	8.9	8.2	9.6
In third decile	8,120	3,850	4,270	9.1	8.8	9.4
In fourth decile	8,220	3,950	4,265	9.2	9.0	9.4
In fifth decile	8,625	4,250	4,380	9.7	9.7	9.7
In top half of the distribution	47,730	24,150	23,580	53.6	55.0	52.2
In sixth decile	9,020	4,460	4,565	10.1	10.2	10.1
In seventh decile	9,485	4,745	4,735	10.6	10.8	10.5
In eighth decile	9,860	4,945	4,915	11.1	11.3	10.9
In ninth decile	10,635	5,455	5,185	11.9	12.4	11.5
In top decile	8,730	4,545	4,185	9.8	10.4	9.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	89,100	...	...	89,100	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.304	...	...	0.304	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.408	...	...	0.408	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.270	...	...	0.270	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	90,640	44,600	46,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	85,175	42,170	43,005	94.0	94.6	93.4
French only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	5,025	2,240	2,785	5.5	5.0	6.0
Neither English nor French	425	185	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	90,640	44,600	46,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	89,390	44,010	45,375	98.6	98.7	98.6
French	770	380	385	0.8	0.9	0.8
English and French	90	45	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Neither English nor French	390	165	225	0.4	0.4	0.5
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	90,640	44,600	46,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	88,880	43,785	45,100	98.1	98.2	98.0
Official languages	80,155	39,550	40,605	88.4	88.7	88.2
English	79,315	39,145	40,165	87.5	87.8	87.2
French	845	405	440	0.9	0.9	1.0
Non-official languages	8,720	4,230	4,490	9.6	9.5	9.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	95	45	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algonquian languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	20	15	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	8,630	4,190	4,445	9.5	9.4	9.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	125	80	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	125	75	45	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	170	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	160	65	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	605	235	375	0.7	0.5	0.8
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	25	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	475	180	295	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	190	120	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kannada	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	100	65	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Telugu	35	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	5,960	2,980	2,985	6.6	6.7	6.5
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	790	355	440	0.9	0.8	1.0
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	785	350	435	0.9	0.8	0.9
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	155	80	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	210	80	130	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	135	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Bosnian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	90	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	30	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	185	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,140	525	615	1.3	1.2	1.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	790	365	425	0.9	0.8	0.9
German	740	340	395	0.8	0.8	0.9
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	260	125	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Afrikaans	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	185	85	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	90	35	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Danish	40	20	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Icelandic	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	25	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	50	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	2,585	1,425	1,165	2.9	3.2	2.5
Indo-Aryan languages	2,490	1,375	1,115	2.7	3.1	2.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	165	120	45	0.2	0.3	0.1
Gujarati	85	50	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	375	240	140	0.4	0.5	0.3
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	50	35	15	0.1	0.1	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,660	845	810	1.8	1.9	1.8
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	100	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,380	640	740	1.5	1.4	1.6
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	740	365	380	0.8	0.8	0.8
Portuguese	165	75	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Romanian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Spanish	425	185	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	160	50	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
Korean	240	115	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	15	5	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	835	400	440	0.9	0.9	1.0
Chinese languages	830	395	435	0.9	0.9	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	505	225	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	275	145	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	40	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	35	5	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	150	70	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	5	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	90	40	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,755	820	940	1.9	1.8	2.0
English and French	310	145	165	0.3	0.3	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	1,320	625	695	1.5	1.4	1.5
French and non-official language(s)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	90,640	44,600	46,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	81,585	40,215	41,370	90.0	90.2	89.9
French	95	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	1,805	900	900	2.0	2.0	2.0
Indigenous³⁹	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	1,795	900	895	2.0	2.0	1.9
English and French	670	295	380	0.7	0.7	0.8
English and non-official language(s)	6,175	2,980	3,190	6.8	6.7	6.9
French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	155	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	160	95	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	90,640	44,600	46,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	89,400	44,020	45,390	98.6	98.7	98.6
Official languages	85,590	42,085	43,500	94.4	94.4	94.5
English	85,425	41,995	43,430	94.2	94.2	94.3
French	165	90	75	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	3,810	1,930	1,885	4.2	4.3	4.1
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,800	1,925	1,875	4.2	4.3	4.1
Afro-Asiatic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Amharic	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	110	50	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	105	50	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	260	120	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	205	95	115	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	75	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,470	1,265	1,210	2.7	2.8	2.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	195	85	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	190	80	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Russian	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	205	85	120	0.2	0.2	0.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	120	50	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
German	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	75	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	40	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	30	10	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	1,650	905	745	1.8	2.0	1.6
Indo-Aryan languages	1,605	880	725	1.8	2.0	1.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	85	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Gujarati	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	220	145	75	0.2	0.3	0.2
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	1,150	595	555	1.3	1.3	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	415	180	235	0.5	0.4	0.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	165	60	105	0.2	0.1	0.2
Portuguese	45	25	25	0.0	0.1	0.1
Romanian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	185	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Korean	160	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	515	255	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Chinese languages	510	250	260	0.6	0.6	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	320	155	160	0.4	0.3	0.3
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	165	85	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	25	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	1,240	585	650	1.4	1.3	1.4
English and French	95	40	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	1,110	530	575	1.2	1.2	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	90,640	44,600	46,035	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	84,470	41,635	42,840	93.2	93.4	93.1
English	1,650	835	810	1.8	1.9	1.8
French	535	225	305	0.6	0.5	0.7
Non-official language	3,210	1,530	1,680	3.5	3.4	3.6
Indigenous³⁹	130	65	70	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous	3,075	1,465	1,610	3.4	3.3	3.5
English and French	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	275	135	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
French and non-official language(s)	95	45	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	380	180	195	0.4	0.4	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	89,055	43,890	45,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	88,690	43,710	44,975	99.6	99.6	99.6
English	88,685	43,705	44,975	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	5,075	2,190	2,885	5.7	5.0	6.4
Non-official languages	12,660	6,250	6,410	14.2	14.2	14.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	420	195	225	0.5	0.4	0.5
Algonquian languages	80	40	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	65	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	60	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern Athabaskan languages	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dakelh (Carrier)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	255	115	140	0.3	0.3	0.3
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	230	100	130	0.3	0.2	0.3
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	12,255	6,060	6,195	13.8	13.8	13.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	285	150	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	275	145	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Amharic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	245	125	120	0.3	0.3	0.3
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	125	60	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	805	325	475	0.9	0.7	1.1
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indonesian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	35	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	725	285	440	0.8	0.6	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	300	165	135	0.3	0.4	0.3
Kannada	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	160	80	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	115	80	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Telugu	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	8,700	4,345	4,350	9.8	9.9	9.6
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	860	335	530	1.0	0.8	1.2
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	860	335	520	1.0	0.8	1.2
Belarusian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	45	15	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Russian	290	100	190	0.3	0.2	0.4
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	205	85	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Bosnian	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	160	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Serbian	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	35	0	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Slovene (Slovenian)	35	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	185	70	115	0.2	0.2	0.3
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,840	800	1,040	2.1	1.8	2.3
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	1,285	560	725	1.4	1.3	1.6
German	1,250	535	715	1.4	1.2	1.6
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	55	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	460	205	255	0.5	0.5	0.6
Afrikaans	190	90	100	0.2	0.2	0.2
Dutch	215	90	125	0.2	0.2	0.3
Low German, n.o.s.	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	35	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	150	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	30	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	75	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	3,465	1,950	1,515	3.9	4.4	3.4
Indo-Aryan languages	3,340	1,875	1,465	3.8	4.3	3.2
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	150	100	50	0.2	0.2	0.1
Gujarati	135	70	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Hindi	1,405	770	635	1.6	1.8	1.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nepali	95	60	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	2,255	1,230	1,030	2.5	2.8	2.3
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Urdu	305	190	110	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	150	95	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	105	60	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	90	55	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	2,695	1,290	1,395	3.0	2.9	3.1
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	1,015	490	520	1.1	1.1	1.2
Portuguese	260	105	150	0.3	0.2	0.3
Romanian	55	15	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Spanish	1,460	715	745	1.6	1.6	1.6
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	435	190	245	0.5	0.4	0.5
Korean	240	135	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	345	185	160	0.4	0.4	0.4
Akan (Twi)	40	25	15	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	50	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	65	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	110	65	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	60	35	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	115	40	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
American Sign Language	100	35	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	1,005	530	475	1.1	1.2	1.1
Chinese languages	985	515	470	1.1	1.2	1.0
Hakka	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	700	355	345	0.8	0.8	0.8
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	330	185	150	0.4	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	20	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	65	25	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	40	0	35	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	195	90	110	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	85	35	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	105	55	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,050	43,890	45,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	9,760	4,700	5,055	11.0	10.7	11.2
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	9,340	4,515	4,825	10.5	10.3	10.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	5,680	2,755	2,925	6.4	6.3	6.5
Métis	3,640	1,745	1,900	4.1	4.0	4.2
Inuk (Inuit)	20	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	275	130	145	0.3	0.3	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	140	55	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	79,295	39,190	40,105	89.0	89.3	88.8
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	89,050	43,890	45,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	4,390	2,085	2,305	4.9	4.8	5.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	84,665	41,810	42,860	95.1	95.3	94.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	26,215	...	...	68.8	...	...
Renter	11,830	...	...	31.0	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	60	...	...	0.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	7,070	...	...	18.6	...	...
Not condominium	31,030	...	...	81.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	500	...	...	1.3	...	...
1 bedroom	4,770	...	...	12.5	...	...
2 bedrooms	9,010	...	...	23.6	...	...
3 bedrooms	11,005	...	...	28.9	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	12,805	...	...	33.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	10,675	...	...	28.0	...	...
5 rooms	5,135	...	...	13.5	...	...
6 rooms	4,710	...	...	12.4	...	...
7 rooms	4,365	...	...	11.5	...	...
8 or more rooms	13,205	...	...	34.7	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.4	...	...	6.4	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	37,635	...	...	98.8	...	...
More than one person per room	460	...	...	1.2	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	36,695	...	...	96.3	...	...
Not suitable	1,405	...	...	3.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	4,105	...	...	10.8	...	...
1961 to 1980	15,075	...	...	39.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,955	...	...	10.4	...	...
1991 to 2000	5,780	...	...	15.2	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,700	...	...	4.5	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,710	...	...	7.1	...	...
2011 to 2015	2,135	...	...	5.6	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	2,640	...	...	6.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	36,190	...	...	95.0	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,910	...	...	5.0	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	18,900	...	...	49.6	...	...
Two-maintainer household	16,895	...	...	44.3	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	2,300	...	...	6.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	1,590	...	...	4.2	...	...
25 to 34 years	5,780	...	...	15.2	...	...
35 to 44 years	6,255	...	...	16.4	...	...
45 to 54 years	6,230	...	...	16.4	...	...
55 to 64 years	7,350	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	6,175	...	...	16.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,510	...	...	9.2	...	...
85 years and over	1,205	...	...	3.2	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	36,630	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	29,460	...	...	80.4	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	7,175	...	...	19.6	...	...
30% to less than 100%	6,540	...	...	17.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	38,100	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	9,740	...	...	25.6	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	6,555	...	...	17.2	...	...
Not suitable only	1,085	...	...	2.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	1,380	...	...	3.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	190	...	...	0.5	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	400	...	...	1.0	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	100	...	...	0.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Acceptable housing	28,355	...	...	74.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	36,005	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	3,695	...	...	10.3	...	...
Not in core need	32,310	...	...	89.7	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	25,025	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	60.2	...	...	60.2	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	11.3	...	...	11.3	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.3	...	...	4.3	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,280	...	...	1,280	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,384	...	...	1,384	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	552,000	...	...	552,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	554,000	...	...	554,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	11,675	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	12.3	...	...	12.3	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	37.4	...	...	37.4	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	23.6	...	...	23.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,180	...	...	1,180	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,253	...	...	1,253	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	60	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	400	...	...	400	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	420	...	...	420	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	89,055	43,890	45,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	3,295	1,630	1,665	3.7	3.7	3.7
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	3,230	1,610	1,620	3.6	3.7	3.6
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,590	1,255	1,340	2.9	2.9	3.0
Métis single ancestry	625	345	285	0.7	0.8	0.6
Inuit single ancestry	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	65	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	7,050	3,375	3,670	7.9	7.7	8.1
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	6,715	3,245	3,475	7.5	7.4	7.7
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	4,360	2,155	2,205	4.9	4.9	4.9
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	2,320	1,060	1,265	2.6	2.4	2.8
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	40	30	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	330	135	200	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	320	120	195	0.4	0.3	0.4
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	78,705	38,880	39,825	88.4	88.6	88.2
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	89,055	43,890	45,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	83,810	41,190	42,620	94.1	93.8	94.4
Canadian citizens aged under 18	15,925	8,090	7,835	17.9	18.4	17.3
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	67,880	33,100	34,780	76.2	75.4	77.0
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	5,245	2,700	2,545	5.9	6.2	5.6
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	89,055	43,890	45,160	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	77,435	38,125	39,305	87.0	86.9	87.0
Immigrants⁸¹	8,960	4,270	4,685	10.1	9.7	10.4
Before 1980	3,345	1,600	1,745	3.8	3.6	3.9
1980 to 1990	955	430	525	1.1	1.0	1.2
1991 to 2000	1,060	520	535	1.2	1.2	1.2
2001 to 2010	1,370	630	745	1.5	1.4	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	2,225	1,095	1,135	2.5	2.5	2.5
2011 to 2015	915	440	480	1.0	1.0	1.1
2016 to 2021	1,310	655	655	1.5	1.5	1.5
Non-permanent residents⁸³	2,655	1,490	1,165	3.0	3.4	2.6
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	8,960	4,270	4,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	1,050	555	495	11.7	13.0	10.6
5 to 14 years	1,675	875	805	18.7	20.5	17.2
15 to 24 years	1,995	905	1,090	22.3	21.2	23.3
25 to 44 years	3,690	1,715	1,970	41.2	40.2	42.0
45 years and over	545	220	330	6.1	5.2	7.0
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	8,960	4,270	4,685	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	1,155	515	640	12.9	12.1	13.7
Brazil	25	10	15	0.3	0.2	0.3
Colombia	45	10	30	0.5	0.2	0.6
El Salvador	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.4
Guyana	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	15	10	0.3	0.4	0.2
Mexico	100	45	50	1.1	1.1	1.1
Peru	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
United States of America	730	310	420	8.1	7.3	9.0
Other places of birth in Americas	185	95	90	2.1	2.2	1.9
Europe	3,685	1,765	1,920	41.1	41.3	41.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	55	20	40	0.6	0.5	0.9
Croatia	100	50	50	1.1	1.2	1.1
France	45	25	25	0.5	0.6	0.5
Germany	520	250	270	5.8	5.9	5.8
Greece	20	15	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
Hungary	40	35	10	0.4	0.8	0.2
Italy	540	255	285	6.0	6.0	6.1
Netherlands	175	85	85	2.0	2.0	1.8
Poland	125	75	50	1.4	1.8	1.1
Portugal	90	40	50	1.0	0.9	1.1
Romania	50	20	35	0.6	0.5	0.7
Russian Federation	45	15	30	0.5	0.4	0.6
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Ukraine	55	10	40	0.6	0.2	0.9
United Kingdom⁸⁷	1,350	660	690	15.1	15.5	14.7
Other places of birth in Europe	455	205	250	5.1	4.8	5.3
Africa	570	320	245	6.4	7.5	5.2
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	15	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.2
Nigeria	100	65	35	1.1	1.5	0.7
Somalia	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	260	145	120	2.9	3.4	2.6
Other places of birth in Africa	165	90	80	1.8	2.1	1.7
Asia	3,310	1,560	1,755	36.9	36.5	37.5
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	50	30	25	0.6	0.7	0.5
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	15	15	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	0.3	0.5	0.2
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	320	165	160	3.6	3.9	3.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	65	20	45	0.7	0.5	1.0
Korea, South⁹²	120	60	55	1.3	1.4	1.2
Taiwan	40	20	20	0.4	0.5	0.4
Philippines	745	300	445	8.3	7.0	9.5
Viet Nam	80	35	45	0.9	0.8	1.0
Bangladesh	35	15	15	0.4	0.4	0.3
India	1,220	615	610	13.6	14.4	13.0
Pakistan	165	70	95	1.8	1.6	2.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	390	155	230	4.4	3.6	4.9
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	240	120	115	2.7	2.8	2.5
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	1,310	660	650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	100	45	55	7.6	6.8	8.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	15	10	10	1.1	1.5	1.5
United States of America	50	25	25	3.8	3.8	3.8
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	15	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	130	65	70	9.9	9.8	10.8
France	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Germany	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	15	0	0	1.1	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	20	1.5	0.0	3.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	30	25	4.2	4.5	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	25	10	15	1.9	1.5	2.3
Africa	190	105	85	14.5	15.9	13.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	10	0	10	0.8	0.0	1.5
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	50	40	10	3.8	6.1	1.5
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	35	40	6.1	5.3	6.2
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	0	0.8	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	45	20	20	3.4	3.0	3.1
Asia	845	415	425	64.5	62.9	65.4
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	50	35	15	3.8	5.3	2.3
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	295	160	135	22.5	24.2	20.8
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	15	0	10	1.1	0.0	1.5
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	25	15	10	1.9	2.3	1.5
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	40	20	20	3.1	3.0	3.1
Philippines	295	125	170	22.5	18.9	26.2
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	30	20	10	2.3	3.0	1.5
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	10	10	0.0	1.5	1.5
Other places of birth in Asia	50	10	40	3.8	1.5	6.2
Oceania and other⁹³	50	30	20	3.8	4.5	3.1
Australia	35	25	15	2.7	3.8	2.3
Other places of birth⁹⁸	10	10	0	0.8	1.5	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	89,050	43,890	45,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	12,380	6,125	6,255	13.9	14.0	13.8
Second generation¹⁰¹	14,505	6,920	7,580	16.3	15.8	16.8
Third generation or more¹⁰²	62,175	30,845	31,330	69.8	70.3	69.4
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	5,615	2,675	2,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	2,940	1,520	1,420	52.4	56.8	48.2
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	1,290	695	590	23.0	26.0	20.0
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	1,650	820	830	29.4	30.7	28.2
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	2,180	870	1,310	38.8	32.5	44.5
Refugees¹⁰⁸	415	225	190	7.4	8.4	6.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	75	55	25	1.3	2.1	0.8
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	5,615	2,675	2,945	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	115	85	30	2.0	3.2	1.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	1,010	470	540	18.0	17.6	18.3
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	250	110	135	4.5	4.1	4.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	555	245	305	9.9	9.2	10.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	55	30	25	1.0	1.1	0.8
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	3,640	1,730	1,905	64.8	64.7	64.7
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	89,050	43,890	45,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	10,125	5,125	4,995	11.4	11.7	11.1
South Asian	4,220	2,320	1,905	4.7	5.3	4.2
Chinese	1,315	650	660	1.5	1.5	1.5
Black	990	490	505	1.1	1.1	1.1
Filipino	1,075	440	635	1.2	1.0	1.4
Arab	175	85	85	0.2	0.2	0.2
Latin American	480	225	260	0.5	0.5	0.6
Southeast Asian	305	155	150	0.3	0.4	0.3
West Asian	145	80	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Korean	250	145	105	0.3	0.3	0.2
Japanese	825	385	445	0.9	0.9	1.0
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	105	45	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	240	110	135	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	78,930	38,765	40,165	88.6	88.3	88.9
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	89,055	43,890	45,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	11,575	5,900	5,680	13.0	13.4	12.6
English	25,165	12,110	13,055	28.3	27.6	28.9
Irish	16,110	7,750	8,350	18.1	17.7	18.5
Scottish	20,240	9,675	10,565	22.7	22.0	23.4
French, n.o.s.¹²²	8,635	4,170	4,460	9.7	9.5	9.9
German	14,565	7,130	7,435	16.4	16.2	16.5
Chinese	1,435	700	735	1.6	1.6	1.6
Italian	4,920	2,480	2,435	5.5	5.7	5.4
Indian (India)	2,460	1,355	1,105	2.8	3.1	2.4
Ukrainian	6,260	3,015	3,245	7.0	6.9	7.2
Dutch	4,325	2,175	2,150	4.9	5.0	4.8
Polish	3,315	1,565	1,750	3.7	3.6	3.9
Québécois	100	35	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,435	1,675	1,750	3.9	3.8	3.9
Filipino	1,070	450	620	1.2	1.0	1.4
French Canadian	965	445	520	1.1	1.0	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,925	1,000	930	2.2	2.3	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	3,865	1,910	1,955	4.3	4.4	4.3
Métis	3,340	1,555	1,785	3.8	3.5	4.0
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	2,295	1,050	1,240	2.6	2.4	2.7
Russian	2,540	1,210	1,330	2.9	2.8	2.9
Norwegian	3,655	1,770	1,890	4.1	4.0	4.2
Welsh	2,265	1,040	1,225	2.5	2.4	2.7
Portuguese	500	220	285	0.6	0.5	0.6
American	1,545	745	795	1.7	1.7	1.8
Spanish	690	285	410	0.8	0.6	0.9
Swedish	2,970	1,420	1,550	3.3	3.2	3.4
Hungarian	1,385	665	715	1.6	1.5	1.6
Acadian	145	100	40	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pakistani	190	105	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	370	160	210	0.4	0.4	0.5
Jewish	335	145	190	0.4	0.3	0.4
Punjabi	560	295	260	0.6	0.7	0.6
Vietnamese	170	90	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	95	50	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	385	185	200	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jamaican	115	65	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	325	165	165	0.4	0.4	0.4
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	890	405	485	1.0	0.9	1.1
Korean	230	120	110	0.3	0.3	0.2
Romanian	565	260	310	0.6	0.6	0.7
Lebanese	130	80	55	0.1	0.2	0.1
Iranian	95	50	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	150	80	60	0.2	0.2	0.1
Danish	1,325	620	705	1.5	1.4	1.6
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	700	360	340	0.8	0.8	0.8
Sikh	580	335	245	0.7	0.8	0.5
Austrian	1,140	565	575	1.3	1.3	1.3
Belgian	515	235	280	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	190	95	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mexican	385	210	170	0.4	0.5	0.4
Mennonite	235	145	85	0.3	0.3	0.2
Swiss	740	400	340	0.8	0.9	0.8
Finnish	950	435	515	1.1	1.0	1.1
Sri Lankan	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Croatian	470	230	240	0.5	0.5	0.5
Japanese	940	420	525	1.1	1.0	1.2
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	155	75	80	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	65	45	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	860	380	480	1.0	0.9	1.1
Muslim	95	60	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Egyptian	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	110	55	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	530	255	275	0.6	0.6	0.6
Colombian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Moroccan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	395	200	195	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	80	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Guyanese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	80	55	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	110	45	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	155	85	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	165	70	95	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hong Konger	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	50	35	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	35	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	65	50	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Bangladeshi	80	50	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	75	25	50	0.1	0.1	0.1
Nigerian	170	80	90	0.2	0.2	0.2
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	320	175	145	0.4	0.4	0.3
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	270	140	130	0.3	0.3	0.3
Somali	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	100	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	80	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquin	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	145	55	95	0.2	0.1	0.2
South African	235	110	125	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australian	260	155	100	0.3	0.4	0.2
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	85	40	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	95	65	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cambodian (Khmer)	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	145	65	85	0.2	0.1	0.2
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	175	65	110	0.2	0.1	0.2
New Brunswicker	30	15	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	40	20	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	30	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	15	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	50	20	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	145	75	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	140	60	80	0.2	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	30	0	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Barbadian	25	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	155	90	65	0.2	0.2	0.1
Tunisian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	75	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuban	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	70	30	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	80	35	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	80	35	45	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	15	25	0.0	0.0	0.1
Northern Irish	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	120	60	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
British Columbian	585	240	345	0.7	0.5	0.8
Ecuadorian	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	40	10	30	0.0	0.0	0.1
Estonian	60	20	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	20	20	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	55	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	85	45	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	50	20	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
New Zealander	145	50	90	0.2	0.1	0.2
Sudanese	30	10	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	40	15	20	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malaysian	60	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	25	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	110	50	65	0.1	0.1	0.1
Buddhist	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	30	20	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.1
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	50	15	40	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Empire Loyalist	35	35	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	45	20	20	0.1	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	70	30	40	0.1	0.1	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	15	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	89,050	43,890	45,165	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	425	200	230	0.5	0.5	0.5
Christian	30,005	13,380	16,625	33.7	30.5	36.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	6,955	3,300	3,660	7.8	7.5	8.1
Anabaptist	135	70	70	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	2,850	1,165	1,685	3.2	2.7	3.7
Baptist	1,165	500	670	1.3	1.1	1.5
Catholic	10,270	4,770	5,500	11.5	10.9	12.2
Christian Orthodox	420	200	220	0.5	0.5	0.5
Jehovah's Witness	595	260	330	0.7	0.6	0.7
Latter Day Saints	280	110	170	0.3	0.3	0.4
Lutheran	1,310	525	780	1.5	1.2	1.7
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	80	30	55	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	820	410	415	0.9	0.9	0.9
Presbyterian	435	175	255	0.5	0.4	0.6
Reformed	75	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Church	2,945	1,070	1,875	3.3	2.4	4.2
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	1,665	760	910	1.9	1.7	2.0
Hindu	955	520	435	1.1	1.2	1.0
Jewish	85	45	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Muslim	865	485	380	1.0	1.1	0.8
Sikh	2,030	1,115	915	2.3	2.5	2.0
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	295	140	155	0.3	0.3	0.3
Other religions and spiritual traditions	905	335	570	1.0	0.8	1.3
No religion and secular perspectives	53,485	27,660	25,820	60.1	63.0	57.2
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	88,195	43,450	44,740	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	75,170	37,125	38,045	85.2	85.4	85.0
Movers	13,030	6,325	6,695	14.8	14.6	15.0
Non-migrants	8,660	4,125	4,535	9.8	9.5	10.1
Migrants	4,365	2,200	2,160	4.9	5.1	4.8
Internal migrants	3,825	1,945	1,880	4.3	4.5	4.2
Intraprovincial migrants	2,700	1,405	1,290	3.1	3.2	2.9
Interprovincial migrants	1,130	540	590	1.3	1.2	1.3
External migrants	535	250	280	0.6	0.6	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	84,935	41,745	43,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	45,870	22,390	23,480	54.0	53.6	54.4
Movers	39,065	19,355	19,710	46.0	46.4	45.6
Non-migrants	19,185	9,540	9,645	22.6	22.9	22.3
Migrants	19,885	9,810	10,070	23.4	23.5	23.3
Internal migrants	16,720	8,145	8,580	19.7	19.5	19.9
Intraprovincial migrants	12,595	6,090	6,505	14.8	14.6	15.1
Interprovincial migrants	4,125	2,055	2,070	4.9	4.9	4.8
External migrants	3,165	1,670	1,490	3.7	4.0	3.4
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,575	37,000	38,575	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	11,620	6,240	5,380	15.4	16.9	13.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	63,960	30,755	33,205	84.6	83.1	86.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,955	23,630	24,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,215	2,425	1,785	8.8	10.3	7.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	43,740	21,205	22,535	91.2	89.7	92.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	75,580	37,000	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	10,010	5,215	4,795	13.2	14.1	12.4
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	25,370	12,760	12,610	33.6	34.5	32.7
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	40,200	19,025	21,175	53.2	51.4	54.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	24,650	12,350	12,300	32.6	33.4	31.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	7,890	6,260	1,630	10.4	16.9	4.2
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	2,930	1,790	1,140	3.9	4.8	3.0
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	4,955	4,470	485	6.6	12.1	1.3
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	12,955	4,710	8,245	17.1	12.7	21.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,805	1,380	2,425	5.0	3.7	6.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	15,550	6,675	8,875	20.6	18.0	23.0
Bachelor's degree	10,415	4,425	5,995	13.8	12.0	15.5
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	1,270	515	750	1.7	1.4	1.9
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	420	255	165	0.6	0.7	0.4
Master's degree	3,030	1,255	1,770	4.0	3.4	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	415	220	195	0.5	0.6	0.5
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	47,950	23,635	24,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,400	1,920	1,480	7.1	8.1	6.1
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	14,545	7,680	6,865	30.3	32.5	28.2
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	30,005	14,035	15,970	62.6	59.4	65.7
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	17,625	8,900	8,720	36.8	37.7	35.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	5,515	4,455	1,065	11.5	18.8	4.4
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,985	1,215	765	4.1	5.1	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	3,535	3,240	295	7.4	13.7	1.2
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	9,290	3,400	5,890	19.4	14.4	24.2
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	2,810	1,045	1,770	5.9	4.4	7.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	12,380	5,135	7,250	25.8	21.7	29.8
Bachelor's degree	8,380	3,515	4,865	17.5	14.9	20.0
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	985	395	590	2.1	1.7	2.4
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	325	170	155	0.7	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	2,385	920	1,470	5.0	3.9	6.0
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	300	140	165	0.6	0.6	0.7
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	75,580	36,995	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	35,380	17,980	17,405	46.8	48.6	45.1
Education	3,230	815	2,415	4.3	2.2	6.3
13. Education	3,230	815	2,415	4.3	2.2	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	905	425	485	1.2	1.1	1.3
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	75	60	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	830	365	465	1.1	1.0	1.2
Humanities	1,550	585	960	2.1	1.6	2.5
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	105	25	75	0.1	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	430	115	315	0.6	0.3	0.8
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	515	175	340	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	80	40	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	160	105	55	0.2	0.3	0.1
54. History	230	110	115	0.3	0.3	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	3,430	1,125	2,305	4.5	3.0	6.0
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	40	0	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	275	115	165	0.4	0.3	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	695	55	640	0.9	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	735	235	500	1.0	0.6	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	50	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	610	175	440	0.8	0.5	1.1
45. Social sciences	1,020	525	500	1.3	1.4	1.3
Business, management and public administration	8,135	3,010	5,125	10.8	8.1	13.3
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	1,145	200	945	1.5	0.5	2.4
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	6,985	2,810	4,175	9.2	7.6	10.8
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,535	780	755	2.0	2.1	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	670	295	375	0.9	0.8	1.0
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	390	160	225	0.5	0.4	0.6
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	365	275	85	0.5	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	105	40	60	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	1,065	665	395	1.4	1.8	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	890	605	285	1.2	1.6	0.7
25. Library science	80	0	80	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	95	60	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	8,740	8,095	645	11.6	21.9	1.7
04. Architecture and related services	115	70	45	0.2	0.2	0.1
14. Engineering	1,140	925	215	1.5	2.5	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,590	1,395	195	2.1	3.8	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	2,605	2,525	80	3.4	6.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	2,330	2,235	95	3.1	6.0	0.2
48. Precision production	955	940	10	1.3	2.5	0.0
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,505	935	570	2.0	2.5	1.5
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	485	240	240	0.6	0.6	0.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	1,020	690	330	1.3	1.9	0.9
Health and related fields	7,425	1,155	6,265	9.8	3.1	16.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	350	185	165	0.5	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	6,895	865	6,030	9.1	2.3	15.6
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	170	105	70	0.2	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	2,655	1,425	1,225	3.5	3.9	3.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,580	490	1,090	2.1	1.3	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	390	295	100	0.5	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	680	645	35	0.9	1.7	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	47,955	23,635	24,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	17,950	9,600	8,350	37.4	40.6	34.3
Education	2,165	445	1,725	4.5	1.9	7.1
13. Education	2,165	445	1,725	4.5	1.9	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	750	330	420	1.6	1.4	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
50. Visual and performing arts	705	300	405	1.5	1.3	1.7
Humanities	1,140	440	700	2.4	1.9	2.9
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	85	20	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	305	80	225	0.6	0.3	0.9
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	350	125	230	0.7	0.5	0.9
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	60	35	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	105	60	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	200	105	95	0.4	0.4	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,700	845	1,860	5.6	3.6	7.6
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	220	85	140	0.5	0.4	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	540	45	495	1.1	0.2	2.0
22. Legal professions and studies	615	170	440	1.3	0.7	1.8
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	465	115	350	1.0	0.5	1.4
45. Social sciences	790	415	375	1.6	1.8	1.5
Business, management and public administration	6,125	2,340	3,785	12.8	9.9	15.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	865	140	725	1.8	0.6	3.0
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	5,255	2,200	3,060	11.0	9.3	12.6
Physical and life sciences and technologies	1,180	595	580	2.5	2.5	2.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	540	240	300	1.1	1.0	1.2
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	305	125	180	0.6	0.5	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	270	205	65	0.6	0.9	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	890	585	300	1.9	2.5	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	775	540	235	1.6	2.3	1.0
25. Library science	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	65	45	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	6,270	5,745	525	13.1	24.3	2.2
04. Architecture and related services	95	65	35	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	865	690	175	1.8	2.9	0.7
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	1,140	970	170	2.4	4.1	0.7
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,835	1,785	50	3.8	7.6	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,625	1,540	80	3.4	6.5	0.3
48. Precision production	705	695	15	1.5	2.9	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	1,220	715	505	2.5	3.0	2.1
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	390	175	215	0.8	0.7	0.9
03. Natural resources and conservation	835	540	290	1.7	2.3	1.2
Health and related fields	5,585	915	4,670	11.6	3.9	19.2
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	295	155	140	0.6	0.7	0.6
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	5,150	680	4,465	10.7	2.9	18.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	130	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,965	1,085	880	4.1	4.6	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	1,170	400	775	2.4	1.7	3.2
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	270	195	75	0.6	0.8	0.3
49. Transportation and materials moving	515	480	35	1.1	2.0	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	47,955	23,635	24,320	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	17,950	9,600	8,350	37.4	40.6	34.3
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	30,005	14,035	15,975	62.6	59.4	65.7
Location of study inside Canada	27,000	12,535	14,460	56.3	53.0	59.5
Same as province or territory of residence	22,185	10,310	11,875	46.3	43.6	48.8
Different than province or territory of residence	4,810	2,230	2,585	10.0	9.4	10.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	3,005	1,495	1,510	6.3	6.3	6.2
Americas	675	325	345	1.4	1.4	1.4
United States of America	535	270	260	1.1	1.1	1.1
Mexico	60	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Colombia	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Europe	590	315	280	1.2	1.3	1.2
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Switzerland	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	330	205	130	0.7	0.9	0.5
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Africa	235	115	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Nigeria	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	80	50	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	65	35	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asia	1,360	670	690	2.8	2.8	2.8
Iran⁸⁸	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Taiwan	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	50	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Philippines	280	80	200	0.6	0.3	0.8
Viet Nam	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	640	405	240	1.3	1.7	1.0
Pakistan	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Asia	85	50	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Oceania	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Australia	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
New Zealand	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	75,580	37,000	38,580	...	...	...
In the labour force	48,175	24,900	23,275	...	...	...
Employed	44,525	23,020	21,505	...	...	...
Unemployed	3,650	1,880	1,770	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	27,400	12,100	15,305	...	...	...
Participation rate	63.7	67.3	60.3	63.7	67.3	60.3
Employment rate	58.9	62.2	55.7	58.9	62.2	55.7
Unemployment rate	7.6	7.6	7.6	7.6	7.6	7.6
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	75,580	36,995	38,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	27,835	12,610	15,225	36.8	34.1	39.5
Worked	47,740	24,385	23,355	63.2	65.9	60.5
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	24,755	13,840	10,910	32.8	37.4	28.3
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	22,990	10,540	12,445	30.4	28.5	32.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	41.3	42.0	40.5	41.3	42.0	40.5
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	48,175	24,905	23,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	505	455	2.0	2.0	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	47,210	24,395	22,820	98.0	98.0	98.0
Employee	41,545	21,185	20,355	86.2	85.1	87.4
Permanent position	34,880	18,155	16,720	72.4	72.9	71.8
Temporary position	6,660	3,030	3,640	13.8	12.2	15.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	1,685	710	975	3.5	2.9	4.2
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	4,980	2,315	2,665	10.3	9.3	11.4
Self-employed¹⁹²	5,670	3,205	2,465	11.8	12.9	10.6
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	48,175	24,905	23,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	505	455	2.0	2.0	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	47,210	24,395	22,820	98.0	98.0	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	250	180	70	0.5	0.7	0.3
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	7,165	1,870	5,300	14.9	7.5	22.8
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	2,905	2,260	650	6.0	9.1	2.8
3 Health occupations	4,610	840	3,770	9.6	3.4	16.2
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	5,900	1,900	4,000	12.2	7.6	17.2
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	1,000	385	615	2.1	1.5	2.6
6 Sales and service occupations	12,745	5,585	7,160	26.5	22.4	30.8
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	9,890	9,065	825	20.5	36.4	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	1,450	1,195	255	3.0	4.8	1.1
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	1,285	1,110	175	2.7	4.5	0.8
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	48,175	24,905	23,280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	965	505	455	2.0	2.0	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	47,210	24,395	22,820	98.0	98.0	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	535	370	165	1.1	1.5	0.7
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	1,485	1,320	165	3.1	5.3	0.7
22 Utilities	265	205	65	0.6	0.8	0.3
23 Construction	4,330	3,665	660	9.0	14.7	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	2,150	1,745	405	4.5	7.0	1.7
41 Wholesale trade	1,300	1,010	285	2.7	4.1	1.2
44-45 Retail trade	6,585	3,245	3,335	13.7	13.0	14.3
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	2,730	2,255	470	5.7	9.1	2.0
51 Information and cultural industries	475	265	205	1.0	1.1	0.9
52 Finance and insurance	1,040	350	695	2.2	1.4	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	785	355	430	1.6	1.4	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	3,085	1,555	1,525	6.4	6.2	6.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	60	50	10	0.1	0.2	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	1,895	1,140	760	3.9	4.6	3.3
61 Educational services	3,240	1,020	2,215	6.7	4.1	9.5
62 Health care and social assistance	7,555	1,275	6,280	15.7	5.1	27.0
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	1,145	600	545	2.4	2.4	2.3
72 Accommodation and food services	3,525	1,480	2,045	7.3	5.9	8.8
81 Other services (except public administration)	2,090	1,000	1,085	4.3	4.0	4.7
91 Public administration	2,935	1,465	1,465	6.1	5.9	6.3
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	51,505	26,380	25,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	50,585	25,970	24,620	98.2	98.4	98.0
French	65	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	140	85	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	140	85	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
English and French	195	45	145	0.4	0.2	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	525	255	270	1.0	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	51,505	26,380	25,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	51,415	26,330	25,085	99.8	99.8	99.8
Official languages	51,200	26,205	24,995	99.4	99.3	99.5
English	51,095	26,165	24,930	99.2	99.2	99.2
French	105	35	70	0.2	0.1	0.3
Non-official languages	215	130	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	210	130	85	0.4	0.5	0.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	110	65	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indo-Aryan languages	80	40	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	80	40	30	0.2	0.2	0.1
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	25	25	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chinese languages	70	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	40	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	20	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	90	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
English and French	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	65	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	51,505	26,380	25,125	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	50,875	26,125	24,750	98.8	99.0	98.5
English	120	60	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	130	30	95	0.3	0.1	0.4
Non-official language	300	135	165	0.6	0.5	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	40	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	260	130	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	85	35	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	44,525	23,020	21,505	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	5,960	2,530	3,435	13.4	11.0	16.0
Worked outside Canada	75	50	20	0.2	0.2	0.1
No fixed workplace address	6,820	5,095	1,725	15.3	22.1	8.0
Usual place of work	31,675	15,345	16,325	71.1	66.7	75.9
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	31,670	15,350	16,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	26,670	11,775	14,895	84.2	76.7	91.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	4,125	2,950	1,175	13.0	19.2	7.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	665	460	205	2.1	3.0	1.3
Commute to a different province or territory	210	155	55	0.7	1.0	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	38,495	20,440	18,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	33,490	18,040	15,450	87.0	88.3	85.6
Car, truck or van - as a driver	31,155	16,960	14,195	80.9	83.0	78.6
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	2,340	1,080	1,255	6.1	5.3	7.0
Public transit	1,810	770	1,045	4.7	3.8	5.8
Walked	2,015	830	1,185	5.2	4.1	6.6
Bicycle	360	280	75	0.9	1.4	0.4
Other method	815	520	295	2.1	2.5	1.6
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	38,495	20,440	18,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	17,040	8,155	8,885	44.3	39.9	49.2
15 to 29 minutes	16,170	8,680	7,495	42.0	42.5	41.5
30 to 44 minutes	2,645	1,700	945	6.9	8.3	5.2
45 to 59 minutes	1,170	765	405	3.0	3.7	2.2
60 minutes and over	1,470	1,155	315	3.8	5.7	1.7
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	38,495	20,440	18,050	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	2,750	2,170	580	7.1	10.6	3.2
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	6,885	4,485	2,405	17.9	21.9	13.3
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	10,270	5,305	4,965	26.7	26.0	27.5
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	8,220	3,310	4,910	21.4	16.2	27.2
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	4,375	1,840	2,535	11.4	9.0	14.0
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	5,985	3,335	2,650	15.5	16.3	14.7
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	16,735	8,580	8,155	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	1,010	495	515	6.0	5.8	6.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	15,720	8,080	7,640	93.9	94.2	93.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	12,310	6,325	5,980	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	775	385	390	6.3	6.1	6.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	500	240	260	4.1	3.8	4.3
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	275	145	130	2.2	2.3	2.2
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	11,535	5,945	5,590	93.7	94.0	93.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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