Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	DuncanMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	24,358	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	23,559^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total private dwellings²	11,013	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	10,552	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	1,070.8	...	...	1,070.8	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	22.75	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	24,360	11,610	12,750	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	3,700	1,880	1,820	15.2	16.2	14.3
0 to 4 years	1,075	555	515	4.4	4.8	4.0
5 to 9 years	1,275	655	620	5.2	5.6	4.9
10 to 14 years	1,350	665	680	5.5	5.7	5.3
15 to 64 years	14,075	6,775	7,300	57.8	58.4	57.3
15 to 19 years	1,300	700	600	5.3	6.0	4.7
20 to 24 years	1,160	615	550	4.8	5.3	4.3
25 to 29 years	1,165	570	595	4.8	4.9	4.7
30 to 34 years	1,350	655	695	5.5	5.6	5.5
35 to 39 years	1,445	665	780	5.9	5.7	6.1
40 to 44 years	1,385	675	710	5.7	5.8	5.6
45 to 49 years	1,290	600	690	5.3	5.2	5.4
50 to 54 years	1,395	670	725	5.7	5.8	5.7
55 to 59 years	1,755	780	975	7.2	6.7	7.6
60 to 64 years	1,835	845	990	7.5	7.3	7.8
65 years and over	6,585	2,950	3,630	27.0	25.4	28.5
65 to 69 years	1,850	850	1,000	7.6	7.3	7.8
70 to 74 years	1,735	800	935	7.1	6.9	7.3
75 to 79 years	1,145	500	645	4.7	4.3	5.1
80 to 84 years	895	410	485	3.7	3.5	3.8
85 years and over	960	395	565	3.9	3.4	4.4
85 to 89 years	560	270	295	2.3	2.3	2.3
90 to 94 years	325	100	225	1.3	0.9	1.8
95 to 99 years	65	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
100 years and over	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	15.2	16.2	14.3	15.2	16.2	14.3
15 to 64 years	57.8	58.4	57.3	57.8	58.4	57.3
65 years and over	27.0	25.4	28.5	27.0	25.4	28.5
85 years and over	3.9	3.4	4.4	3.9	3.4	4.4
Average age of the population	45.8	44.4	47.1	45.8	44.4	47.1
Median age of the population	47.6	45.2	49.6	47.6	45.2	49.6
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	10,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	5,405	...	...	51.2	...	...
Semi-detached house	780	...	...	7.4	...	...
Row house	1,020	...	...	9.7	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	690	...	...	6.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	2,275	...	...	21.6	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Other single-attached house	65	...	...	0.6	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	310	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	10,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	3,555	...	...	33.7	...	...
2 persons	3,810	...	...	36.1	...	...
3 persons	1,440	...	...	13.6	...	...
4 persons	1,030	...	...	9.8	...	...
5 or more persons	715	...	...	6.8	...	...
Number of persons in private households	23,700	11,305	12,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.3	...	...	2.3	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	20,665	9,730	10,935	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	11,090	5,535	5,550	53.7	56.9	50.8
Married	8,650	4,335	4,320	41.9	44.6	39.5
Living common-law	2,435	1,205	1,230	11.8	12.4	11.2
Living common law - Never married	1,595	795	800	7.7	8.2	7.3
Living common law - Separated	125	75	50	0.6	0.8	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	615	300	320	3.0	3.1	2.9
Living common law - Widowed	100	40	55	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	9,570	4,190	5,380	46.3	43.1	49.2
Not married and not living common law - Never married	5,340	2,870	2,470	25.8	29.5	22.6
Not married and not living common law - Separated	700	275	425	3.4	2.8	3.9
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	1,925	705	1,220	9.3	7.2	11.2
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	1,610	340	1,270	7.8	3.5	11.6
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	6,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	4,040	...	...	60.1	...	...
3 persons	1,285	...	...	19.1	...	...
4 persons	935	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	455	...	...	6.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	6,720	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	5,345	...	...	79.5	...	...
Married couples	4,125	...	...	61.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,660	...	...	24.7	...	...
Without children	2,465	...	...	36.7	...	...
Common-law couples	1,215	...	...	18.1	...	...
With children⁶	485	...	...	7.2	...	...
Without children	730	...	...	10.9	...	...
Total one-parent families	1,375	...	...	20.5	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,065	...	...	15.8	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	310	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	23,700	11,305	12,395	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	18,190	8,900	9,285	76.8	78.7	74.9
Married spouses or common-law partners	10,685	5,325	5,360	45.1	47.1	43.2
Parents in one-parent families	1,375	315	1,060	5.8	2.8	8.6
Children⁶	6,130	3,265	2,865	25.9	28.9	23.1
In a two-parent family	3,980	2,080	1,905	16.8	18.4	15.4
In a one-parent family	2,150	1,190	960	9.1	10.5	7.7
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	5,510	2,400	3,105	23.2	21.2	25.1
Living alone	3,555	1,390	2,170	15.0	12.3	17.5
Living with other relatives⁷	735	350	385	3.1	3.1	3.1
Living with non-relatives only	1,220	670	550	5.1	5.9	4.4
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	10,550	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	5,675	...	...	53.8	...	...
Couple-family households	4,685	...	...	44.4	...	...
With children⁶	1,845	...	...	17.5	...	...
Without children	2,840	...	...	26.9	...	...
One-parent-family households	990	...	...	9.4	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	285	...	...	2.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	70	...	...	0.7	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	470	...	...	4.5	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	495	...	...	4.7	...	...
One-person households	3,555	...	...	33.7	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	20,015	9,435	10,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,510	9,175	10,335	97.5	97.2	97.7
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	38,000	42,400	35,200	38,000	42,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	19,525	9,180	10,345	97.6	97.3	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	35,200	38,400	32,800	35,200	38,400	32,800
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	16,875	8,020	8,855	84.3	85.0	83.7
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	30,200	36,800	24,800	30,200	36,800	24,800
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	12,360	6,050	6,315	61.8	64.1	59.7
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	33,200	39,600	28,400	33,200	39,600	28,400
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	17,115	7,715	9,400	85.5	81.8	88.8
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,400	12,800	13,700	13,400	12,800	13,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	1,765	840	925	8.8	8.9	8.7
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,200	5,480	5,040	5,200	5,480	5,040
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	4,785	2,160	2,625	23.9	22.9	24.8
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	20,130	9,455	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,605	9,215	10,385	97.4	97.5	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	46,640	52,250	41,640	46,640	52,250	41,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	19,610	9,225	10,385	97.4	97.6	97.3
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,680	44,520	37,240	40,680	44,520	37,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	16,995	8,100	8,895	84.4	85.7	83.3
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,840	48,000	34,320	40,840	48,000	34,320
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	12,490	6,175	6,315	62.0	65.3	59.2
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	41,640	47,920	35,480	41,640	47,920	35,480
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	17,205	7,720	9,485	85.5	81.6	88.9
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,800	12,020	13,440	12,800	12,020	13,440
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	1,690	790	900	8.4	8.4	8.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,980	5,860	6,080	5,980	5,860	6,080
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	4,700	2,070	2,625	23.3	21.9	24.6
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,650	8,360	8,890	8,650	8,360	8,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	20,130	9,460	10,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,430	2,950	2,485	27.0	31.2	23.3
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	55,600	60,400	51,600	55,600	60,400	51,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,100	68,700	56,500	63,100	68,700	56,500
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,360	2,345	3,020	26.6	24.8	28.3
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,800	23,200	17,000	19,800	23,200	17,000
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	27,400	32,920	23,140	27,400	32,920	23,140
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	76.0	80.8	70.6	76.0	80.8	70.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	56.9	61.5	51.8	56.9	61.5	51.8
Government transfers (%)²⁰	24.1	19.3	29.5	24.1	19.3	29.5
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.8	4.6	7.2	5.8	4.6	7.2
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	4.5	3.6	5.4	4.5	3.6	5.4
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	20,010	9,435	10,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	500	265	240	2.5	2.8	2.3
With total income	19,510	9,170	10,340	97.5	97.2	97.7
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,605	780	825	8.2	8.5	8.0
$10,000 to $19,999	2,425	940	1,480	12.4	10.3	14.3
$20,000 to $29,999	3,345	1,310	2,040	17.1	14.3	19.7
$30,000 to $39,999	2,910	1,275	1,635	14.9	13.9	15.8
$40,000 to $49,999	2,490	1,145	1,340	12.8	12.5	13.0
$50,000 to $59,999	1,925	910	1,015	9.9	9.9	9.8
$60,000 to $69,999	1,280	675	600	6.6	7.4	5.8
$70,000 to $79,999	1,010	540	470	5.2	5.9	4.5
$80,000 to $89,999	720	425	300	3.7	4.6	2.9
$90,000 to $99,999	560	345	210	2.9	3.8	2.0
$100,000 and over	1,240	825	415	6.4	9.0	4.0
$100,000 to $149,999	920	605	315	4.7	6.6	3.0
$150,000 and over	320	225	95	1.6	2.5	0.9
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	20,010	9,435	10,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	485	255	230	2.4	2.7	2.2
With after-tax income	19,530	9,180	10,350	97.6	97.3	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	1,670	800	875	8.6	8.7	8.5
$10,000 to $19,999	2,540	975	1,565	13.0	10.6	15.1
$20,000 to $29,999	3,695	1,470	2,225	18.9	16.0	21.5
$30,000 to $39,999	3,375	1,550	1,830	17.3	16.9	17.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,735	1,255	1,475	14.0	13.7	14.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,840	960	880	9.4	10.5	8.5
$60,000 to $69,999	1,290	675	620	6.6	7.4	6.0
$70,000 to $79,999	890	525	360	4.6	5.7	3.5
$80,000 to $89,999	545	345	195	2.8	3.8	1.9
$90,000 to $99,999	295	190	110	1.5	2.1	1.1
$100,000 and over	650	435	215	3.3	4.7	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	400	270	135	2.0	2.9	1.3
$125,000 and over	250	170	80	1.3	1.9	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	20,010	9,435	10,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	7,650	3,390	4,265	38.2	35.9	40.3
With employment income	12,360	6,045	6,315	61.8	64.1	59.7
Under $5,000 (including loss)	1,765	780	990	14.3	12.9	15.7
$5,000 to $9,999	1,000	420	580	8.1	6.9	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	1,575	650	925	12.7	10.8	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	1,350	580	770	10.9	9.6	12.2
$30,000 to $39,999	1,365	615	750	11.0	10.2	11.9
$40,000 to $49,999	1,215	600	615	9.8	9.9	9.7
$50,000 to $59,999	1,015	505	510	8.2	8.4	8.1
$60,000 to $69,999	740	410	325	6.0	6.8	5.1
$70,000 to $79,999	585	340	240	4.7	5.6	3.8
$80,000 to $89,999	520	320	200	4.2	5.3	3.2
$90,000 to $99,999	405	255	155	3.3	4.2	2.5
$100,000 and over	820	565	250	6.6	9.3	4.0
$100,000 to $124,999	435	280	150	3.5	4.6	2.4
$125,000 and over	385	285	105	3.1	4.7	1.7
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	20,015	9,435	10,580	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,015	8,895	10,125	95.0	94.3	95.7
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	35,600	41,200	31,800	35,600	41,200	31,800
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	19,060	8,905	10,155	95.2	94.4	96.0
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,400	37,200	29,400	32,400	37,200	29,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	16,810	7,980	8,830	84.0	84.6	83.5
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,400	38,000	26,400	31,400	38,000	26,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	13,265	6,505	6,760	66.3	68.9	63.9
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	31,800	37,600	27,600	31,800	37,600	27,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	14,415	6,130	8,290	72.0	65.0	78.4
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,800	11,200	10,700	10,800	11,200	10,700
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	1,410	625	785	7.0	6.6	7.4
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	4,760	4,760	4,760	4,760	4,760	4,760
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	20,130	9,455	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,115	8,920	10,200	95.0	94.3	95.6
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	44,320	51,850	37,720	44,320	51,850	37,720
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	19,135	8,925	10,210	95.1	94.4	95.6
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,320	44,040	33,320	38,320	44,040	33,320
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	16,965	8,110	8,860	84.3	85.8	83.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,920	49,160	33,400	40,920	49,160	33,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	13,350	6,635	6,715	66.3	70.2	62.9
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	39,840	46,240	33,520	39,840	46,240	33,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	14,490	6,100	8,390	72.0	64.5	78.6
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,570	10,500	10,620	10,570	10,500	10,620
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	1,300	585	710	6.5	6.2	6.7
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,955	5,620	6,230	5,955	5,620	6,230
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	20,130	9,460	10,670	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	5,405	2,935	2,465	26.9	31.0	23.1
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	52,400	60,400	47,600	52,400	60,400	47,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	59,800	66,600	51,700	59,800	66,600	51,700
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	5,120	2,290	2,830	25.4	24.2	26.5
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,600	30,800	22,600	25,600	30,800	22,600
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	32,520	38,560	27,680	32,520	38,560	27,680
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	82.0	86.2	76.8	82.0	86.2	76.8
Employment income (%)	62.7	66.4	58.5	62.7	66.4	58.5
Government transfers (%)	18.1	13.8	23.2	18.1	13.8	23.2
Employment insurance benefits (%)	0.9	0.7	1.2	0.9	0.7	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	10,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	70,500	...	...	70,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	64,000	...	...	64,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	3,555	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	37,200	...	...	37,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	34,800	...	...	34,800	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	6,995	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,000	...	...	92,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	83,000	...	...	83,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	10,590	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	86,300	...	...	86,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	75,300	...	...	75,300	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	3,550	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	46,920	...	...	46,920	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,440	...	...	41,440	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	7,040	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	106,200	...	...	106,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	92,400	...	...	92,400	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	10,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	95	...	...	0.9	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	90	...	...	0.9	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	255	...	...	2.4	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	635	...	...	6.0	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	420	...	...	4.0	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	420	...	...	4.0	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	525	...	...	5.0	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	525	...	...	5.0	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	495	...	...	4.7	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	930	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	805	...	...	7.6	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	790	...	...	7.5	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	680	...	...	6.4	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	570	...	...	5.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	3,270	...	...	31.0	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,155	...	...	10.9	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	825	...	...	7.8	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	815	...	...	7.7	...	...
$200,000 and over	475	...	...	4.5	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	10,555	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	105	...	...	1.0	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	50	...	...	0.5	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	85	...	...	0.8	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	265	...	...	2.5	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	660	...	...	6.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	465	...	...	4.4	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	490	...	...	4.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	590	...	...	5.6	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	600	...	...	5.7	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	540	...	...	5.1	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,005	...	...	9.5	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	960	...	...	9.1	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	835	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	735	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	585	...	...	5.5	...	...
$100,000 and over	2,580	...	...	24.4	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	1,145	...	...	10.8	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	650	...	...	6.2	...	...
$150,000 and over	775	...	...	7.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	6,635	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,000	...	...	90,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.9	...	...	2.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	2,940	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,000	...	...	82,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	74,500	...	...	74,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	2,180	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	122,000	...	...	122,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	109,000	...	...	109,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	4.1	...	...	4.1	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	1,275	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	62,800	...	...	62,800	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	59,600	...	...	59,600	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	4,775	2,060	2,715	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	36,000	36,800	35,600	36,000	36,800	35,600
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	33,600	34,400	33,200	33,600	34,400	33,200
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	6,695	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	104,300	...	...	104,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	90,600	...	...	90,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	96,900	...	...	96,900	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	82,500	...	...	82,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,195	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	132,200	...	...	132,200	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	115,000	...	...	115,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	1,270	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	70,600	...	...	70,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	64,600	...	...	64,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	4,740	2,050	2,685	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,480	45,880	45,160	45,480	45,880	45,160
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	40,240	39,640	40,720	40,240	39,640	40,720
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	23,700	11,310	12,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,490	2,315	2,175	18.9	20.5	17.6
0 to 5 years	1,335	685	650	5.6	6.1	5.2
18 to 64 years	13,120	6,240	6,885	55.4	55.2	55.6
65 years and over	6,090	2,750	3,335	25.7	24.3	26.9
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	3,005	1,315	1,690	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	680	350	330	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	220	120	100	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,390	635	755	...	...	...
65 years and over	935	325	605	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	12.7	11.6	13.6	12.7	11.6	13.6
0 to 17 years (%)	15.2	15.1	15.3	15.2	15.1	15.3
0 to 5 years (%)	16.6	17.2	16.0	16.6	17.2	16.0
18 to 64 years (%)	10.6	10.2	11.0	10.6	10.2	11.0
65 years and over (%)	15.3	11.9	18.1	15.3	11.9	18.1
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	22,570	10,700	11,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	4,145	2,115	2,030	18.4	19.8	17.1
0 to 5 years	1,250	650	605	5.5	6.1	5.1
18 to 64 years	12,450	5,885	6,570	55.2	55.0	55.3
65 years and over	5,975	2,705	3,270	26.5	25.3	27.5
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	675	350	320	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	150	80	70	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	40	25	15	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	445	240	205	...	...	...
65 years and over	80	35	45	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.0	3.3	2.7	3.0	3.3	2.7
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6	3.8	3.3	3.6	3.8	3.3
0 to 5 years (%)	3.3	3.8	2.8	3.3	3.8	2.8
18 to 64 years (%)	3.6	4.1	3.1	3.6	4.1	3.1
65 years and over (%)	1.3	1.2	1.4	1.3	1.2	1.4
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	23,700	11,305	12,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	13,815	6,450	7,365	58.3	57.1	59.4
In bottom decile	2,770	1,265	1,505	11.7	11.2	12.1
In second decile	2,905	1,285	1,625	12.3	11.4	13.1
In third decile	2,900	1,375	1,525	12.2	12.2	12.3
In fourth decile	2,555	1,205	1,345	10.8	10.7	10.9
In fifth decile	2,680	1,315	1,365	11.3	11.6	11.0
In top half of the distribution	9,885	4,855	5,025	41.7	42.9	40.6
In sixth decile	2,335	1,150	1,180	9.9	10.2	9.5
In seventh decile	2,255	1,090	1,170	9.5	9.6	9.4
In eighth decile	2,085	1,020	1,060	8.8	9.0	8.6
In ninth decile	1,920	965	955	8.1	8.5	7.7
In top decile	1,295	630	660	5.5	5.6	5.3
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	23,700	...	...	23,700	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.302	...	...	0.302	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.448	...	...	0.448	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.271	...	...	0.271	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.5	...	...	3.5	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	23,940	11,410	12,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	22,405	10,785	11,620	93.6	94.5	92.7
French only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	1,425	580	845	6.0	5.1	6.7
Neither English nor French	105	40	60	0.4	0.4	0.5
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	23,940	11,410	12,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,600	11,255	12,345	98.6	98.6	98.5
French	230	110	120	1.0	1.0	1.0
English and French	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Neither English nor French	95	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	23,940	11,410	12,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,490	11,200	12,285	98.1	98.2	98.0
Official languages	21,530	10,345	11,185	89.9	90.7	89.3
English	21,275	10,220	11,055	88.9	89.6	88.2
French	250	125	130	1.0	1.1	1.0
Non-official languages	1,965	860	1,105	8.2	7.5	8.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Halkomelem	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,930	840	1,090	8.1	7.4	8.7
Afro-Asiatic languages	100	55	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	100	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	100	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	225	70	150	0.9	0.6	1.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	185	60	120	0.8	0.5	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	50	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Tamil	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,220	545	675	5.1	4.8	5.4
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	125	45	80	0.5	0.4	0.6
Baltic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	125	45	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Russian	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	470	190	275	2.0	1.7	2.2
Frisian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	245	100	140	1.0	0.9	1.1
German	235	95	135	1.0	0.8	1.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	180	75	105	0.8	0.7	0.8
Afrikaans	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dutch	160	60	100	0.7	0.5	0.8
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Danish	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	435	215	225	1.8	1.9	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	420	205	215	1.8	1.8	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hindi	35	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	330	155	170	1.4	1.4	1.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	175	85	90	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	20	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Romanian	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Spanish	90	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Korean	40	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	145	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.6
Chinese languages	135	55	80	0.6	0.5	0.6
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	80	40	45	0.3	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	45	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	450	210	240	1.9	1.8	1.9
English and French	95	45	50	0.4	0.4	0.4
English and non-official language(s)	300	140	165	1.3	1.2	1.3
French and non-official language(s)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	15	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	23,940	11,410	12,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	21,790	10,435	11,360	91.0	91.5	90.7
French	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-official language	370	170	205	1.5	1.5	1.6
Indigenous³⁹	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous	345	155	190	1.4	1.4	1.5
English and French	200	90	110	0.8	0.8	0.9
English and non-official language(s)	1,485	675	805	6.2	5.9	6.4
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	23,940	11,410	12,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	23,655	11,275	12,375	98.8	98.8	98.8
Official languages	22,835	10,890	11,940	95.4	95.4	95.3
English	22,795	10,875	11,920	95.2	95.3	95.1
French	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Non-official languages	815	380	435	3.4	3.3	3.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous languages	780	365	415	3.3	3.2	3.3
Afro-Asiatic languages	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	125	45	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	110	40	70	0.5	0.4	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tamil	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	375	190	190	1.6	1.7	1.5
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
German	20	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	280	145	135	1.2	1.3	1.1
Indo-Aryan languages	265	140	130	1.1	1.2	1.0
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Hindi	20	10	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	15	5	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	220	115	110	0.9	1.0	0.9
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	15	5	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
American Sign Language	10	10	5	0.0	0.1	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	85	35	45	0.4	0.3	0.4
Chinese languages	75	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	285	135	150	1.2	1.2	1.2
English and French	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	255	115	140	1.1	1.0	1.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	23,940	11,410	12,530	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	22,435	10,730	11,705	93.7	94.0	93.4
English	395	195	200	1.6	1.7	1.6
French	170	75	90	0.7	0.7	0.7
Non-official language	765	325	435	3.2	2.8	3.5
Indigenous³⁹	95	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Non-Indigenous	665	285	380	2.8	2.5	3.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	95	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	23,805	11,325	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	23,705	11,285	12,420	99.6	99.6	99.5
English	23,705	11,280	12,420	99.6	99.6	99.5
French	1,310	575	740	5.5	5.1	5.9
Non-official languages	3,240	1,450	1,790	13.6	12.8	14.3
Indigenous languages³⁹	370	170	205	1.6	1.5	1.6
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	335	160	175	1.4	1.4	1.4
Halkomelem	330	160	170	1.4	1.4	1.4
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous languages	2,915	1,310	1,605	12.2	11.6	12.9
Afro-Asiatic languages	115	55	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	115	55	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	105	55	50	0.4	0.5	0.4
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	60	20	35	0.3	0.2	0.3
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	55	20	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	420	140	275	1.8	1.2	2.2
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ilocano	30	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	390	135	260	1.6	1.2	2.1
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	35	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Creole languages	20	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	30	10	0.1	0.3	0.1
Tamil	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	1,800	845	960	7.6	7.5	7.7
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	155	85	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	150	80	70	0.6	0.7	0.6
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	55	25	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Russian	25	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	30	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	645	290	355	2.7	2.6	2.8
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	335	165	170	1.4	1.5	1.4
German	330	165	170	1.4	1.5	1.4
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	250	95	155	1.1	0.8	1.2
Afrikaans	40	15	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
Dutch	205	80	130	0.9	0.7	1.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	70	30	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Danish	50	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Swedish	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	55	20	35	0.2	0.2	0.3
Indo-Iranian languages	465	250	220	2.0	2.2	1.8
Indo-Aryan languages	445	230	215	1.9	2.0	1.7
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	20	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	110	60	45	0.5	0.5	0.4
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	55	30	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	295	155	145	1.2	1.4	1.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	30	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	565	245	315	2.4	2.2	2.5
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	80	30	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
Portuguese	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Spanish	455	205	250	1.9	1.8	2.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	80	25	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
Korean	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	70	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	80	30	50	0.3	0.3	0.4
American Sign Language	80	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	180	85	90	0.8	0.8	0.7
Chinese languages	180	85	90	0.8	0.8	0.7
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	95	40	55	0.4	0.4	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	80	40	40	0.3	0.4	0.3
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	60	30	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Hungarian	35	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,805	11,320	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,900	1,925	1,970	16.4	17.0	15.8
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,820	1,910	1,915	16.0	16.9	15.3
First Nations (North American Indian)	3,035	1,500	1,535	12.7	13.3	12.3
Métis	770	395	375	3.2	3.5	3.0
Inuk (Inuit)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	45	10	35	0.2	0.1	0.3
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Non-Indigenous identity	19,910	9,400	10,510	83.6	83.0	84.2
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	23,805	11,320	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	2,615	1,285	1,330	11.0	11.4	10.7
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	21,190	10,035	11,155	89.0	88.6	89.3
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	7,175	...	...	67.8	...	...
Renter	3,310	...	...	31.3	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	105	...	...	1.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	1,680	...	...	15.9	...	...
Not condominium	8,910	...	...	84.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	60	...	...	0.6	...	...
1 bedroom	1,230	...	...	11.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	3,105	...	...	29.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	3,880	...	...	36.7	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	2,315	...	...	21.9	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	2,865	...	...	27.1	...	...
5 rooms	1,940	...	...	18.3	...	...
6 rooms	1,655	...	...	15.6	...	...
7 rooms	1,295	...	...	12.2	...	...
8 or more rooms	2,835	...	...	26.8	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.1	...	...	6.1	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	10,390	...	...	98.2	...	...
More than one person per room	200	...	...	1.9	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	10,080	...	...	95.2	...	...
Not suitable	505	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	1,495	...	...	14.1	...	...
1961 to 1980	3,235	...	...	30.6	...	...
1981 to 1990	1,490	...	...	14.1	...	...
1991 to 2000	2,200	...	...	20.8	...	...
2001 to 2005	450	...	...	4.3	...	...
2006 to 2010	665	...	...	6.3	...	...
2011 to 2015	495	...	...	4.7	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	550	...	...	5.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	9,905	...	...	93.6	...	...
Major repairs needed	685	...	...	6.5	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	5,585	...	...	52.8	...	...
Two-maintainer household	4,505	...	...	42.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	500	...	...	4.7	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	200	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	1,155	...	...	10.9	...	...
35 to 44 years	1,500	...	...	14.2	...	...
45 to 54 years	1,580	...	...	14.9	...	...
55 to 64 years	2,045	...	...	19.3	...	...
65 to 74 years	2,245	...	...	21.2	...	...
75 to 84 years	1,300	...	...	12.3	...	...
85 years and over	575	...	...	5.4	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	10,255	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	8,090	...	...	78.9	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	2,160	...	...	21.1	...	...
30% to less than 100%	1,970	...	...	19.2	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	10,585	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	3,045	...	...	28.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	1,915	...	...	18.1	...	...
Not suitable only	365	...	...	3.4	...	...
Major repairs needed only	455	...	...	4.3	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	75	...	...	0.7	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	165	...	...	1.6	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	60	...	...	0.6	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	7,545	...	...	71.3	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	10,065	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,070	...	...	10.6	...	...
Not in core need	8,995	...	...	89.4	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	7,045	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	55.1	...	...	55.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.1	...	...	14.1	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,000	...	...	1,000	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,207	...	...	1,207	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	500,000	...	...	500,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	549,000	...	...	549,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	3,230	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	14.7	...	...	14.7	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	36.2	...	...	36.2	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	24.2	...	...	24.2	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,050	...	...	1,050	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,177	...	...	1,177	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	105	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	9.5	...	...	9.5	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	660	...	...	660	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	700	...	...	700	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	23,805	11,320	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	2,330	1,160	1,170	9.8	10.2	9.4
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	2,315	1,155	1,165	9.7	10.2	9.3
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	2,140	1,060	1,080	9.0	9.4	8.7
Métis single ancestry	170	90	85	0.7	0.8	0.7
Inuit single ancestry	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	1,650	780	870	6.9	6.9	7.0
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	1,630	775	850	6.8	6.8	6.8
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,185	555	635	5.0	4.9	5.1
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	430	215	210	1.8	1.9	1.7
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	25	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	19,825	9,375	10,450	83.3	82.8	83.7
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	23,810	11,320	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	22,650	10,845	11,805	95.1	95.8	94.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	4,330	2,225	2,100	18.2	19.7	16.8
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	18,325	8,620	9,700	77.0	76.1	77.7
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,160	480	680	4.9	4.2	5.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	23,810	11,320	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	20,370	9,795	10,575	85.6	86.5	84.7
Immigrants⁸¹	3,195	1,420	1,775	13.4	12.5	14.2
Before 1980	1,400	630	770	5.9	5.6	6.2
1980 to 1990	325	140	190	1.4	1.2	1.5
1991 to 2000	280	135	145	1.2	1.2	1.2
2001 to 2010	400	170	235	1.7	1.5	1.9
2011 to 2021⁸²	790	350	440	3.3	3.1	3.5
2011 to 2015	345	170	175	1.4	1.5	1.4
2016 to 2021	445	180	265	1.9	1.6	2.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	245	110	135	1.0	1.0	1.1
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	3,195	1,415	1,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	410	175	235	12.8	12.4	13.2
5 to 14 years	630	305	325	19.7	21.6	18.3
15 to 24 years	680	305	380	21.3	21.6	21.4
25 to 44 years	1,220	525	695	38.2	37.1	39.2
45 years and over	250	110	140	7.8	7.8	7.9
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	3,195	1,415	1,775	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	450	190	260	14.1	13.4	14.6
Brazil	15	0	15	0.5	0.0	0.8
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guyana	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Mexico	35	20	15	1.1	1.4	0.8
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
United States of America	315	130	185	9.9	9.2	10.4
Other places of birth in Americas	55	25	35	1.7	1.8	2.0
Europe	1,525	700	820	47.7	49.5	46.2
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatia	20	15	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
France	15	10	10	0.5	0.7	0.6
Germany	220	95	125	6.9	6.7	7.0
Greece	40	10	25	1.3	0.7	1.4
Hungary	25	15	15	0.8	1.1	0.8
Italy	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Netherlands	165	60	100	5.2	4.2	5.6
Poland	15	0	10	0.5	0.0	0.6
Portugal	20	10	0	0.6	0.7	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.3	0.7	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	0	0.3	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	825	395	430	25.8	27.9	24.2
Other places of birth in Europe	160	75	90	5.0	5.3	5.1
Africa	195	90	100	6.1	6.4	5.6
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	75	30	40	2.3	2.1	2.3
Other places of birth in Africa	105	50	55	3.3	3.5	3.1
Asia	975	405	565	30.5	28.6	31.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	15	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	30	1.6	1.4	1.7
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	65	40	25	2.0	2.8	1.4
Hong Kong⁹¹	20	10	10	0.6	0.7	0.6
Korea, South⁹²	45	15	25	1.4	1.1	1.4
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.3	0.0	0.6
Philippines	320	125	200	10.0	8.8	11.3
Viet Nam	50	20	30	1.6	1.4	1.7
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	250	110	140	7.8	7.8	7.9
Pakistan	35	15	15	1.1	1.1	0.8
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	95	30	65	3.0	2.1	3.7
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	50	30	20	1.6	2.1	1.1
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	445	180	265	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	25	10	15	5.6	5.6	5.7
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	15	10	0	3.4	5.6	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Europe	60	10	45	13.5	5.6	17.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	15	0	10	3.4	0.0	3.8
Other places of birth in Europe	40	0	35	9.0	0.0	13.2
Africa	20	10	0	4.5	5.6	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	10	0	0	2.2	0.0	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	10	0	2.2	5.6	0.0
Asia	335	145	185	75.3	80.6	69.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	0	3.4	5.6	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	70	35	40	15.7	19.4	15.1
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	10	0	10	2.2	0.0	3.8
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	155	75	85	34.8	41.7	32.1
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	50	20	30	11.2	11.1	11.3
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Australia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	23,805	11,320	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	3,780	1,695	2,085	15.9	15.0	16.7
Second generation¹⁰¹	4,510	2,215	2,300	18.9	19.6	18.4
Third generation or more¹⁰²	15,515	7,415	8,100	65.2	65.5	64.9
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	1,795	785	1,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,000	450	550	55.7	57.3	54.7
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	425	225	200	23.7	28.7	19.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	570	225	345	31.8	28.7	34.3
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	685	295	390	38.2	37.6	38.8
Refugees¹⁰⁸	110	50	60	6.1	6.4	6.0
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	1,795	785	1,005	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	445	200	245	24.8	25.5	24.4
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	85	50	30	4.7	6.4	3.0
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	80	20	60	4.5	2.5	6.0
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	15	10	10	0.8	1.3	1.0
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	1,170	510	665	65.2	65.0	66.2
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	23,805	11,320	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	2,305	1,085	1,220	9.7	9.6	9.8
South Asian	665	335	330	2.8	3.0	2.6
Chinese	300	170	130	1.3	1.5	1.0
Black	280	135	155	1.2	1.2	1.2
Filipino	475	180	295	2.0	1.6	2.4
Arab	70	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Latin American	70	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
Southeast Asian	120	55	65	0.5	0.5	0.5
West Asian	30	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Korean	55	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Japanese	105	35	70	0.4	0.3	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Multiple visible minorities	100	60	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	21,500	10,235	11,265	90.3	90.4	90.2
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	23,805	11,325	12,485	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	2,810	1,365	1,445	11.8	12.1	11.6
English	7,280	3,315	3,970	30.6	29.3	31.8
Irish	4,040	1,745	2,295	17.0	15.4	18.4
Scottish	5,490	2,495	3,000	23.1	22.0	24.0
French, n.o.s.¹²²	1,980	900	1,080	8.3	7.9	8.7
German	2,880	1,240	1,640	12.1	10.9	13.1
Chinese	325	185	140	1.4	1.6	1.1
Italian	545	240	305	2.3	2.1	2.4
Indian (India)	470	255	220	2.0	2.3	1.8
Ukrainian	970	495	475	4.1	4.4	3.8
Dutch	1,180	540	640	5.0	4.8	5.1
Polish	640	295	350	2.7	2.6	2.8
Québécois	30	30	0	0.1	0.3	0.0
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	1,180	550	630	5.0	4.9	5.0
Filipino	440	180	255	1.8	1.6	2.0
French Canadian	235	75	155	1.0	0.7	1.2
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	480	260	220	2.0	2.3	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,595	800	795	6.7	7.1	6.4
Métis	640	325	315	2.7	2.9	2.5
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	770	400	370	3.2	3.5	3.0
Russian	550	275	275	2.3	2.4	2.2
Norwegian	910	385	530	3.8	3.4	4.2
Welsh	745	360	385	3.1	3.2	3.1
Portuguese	160	45	110	0.7	0.4	0.9
American	560	265	295	2.4	2.3	2.4
Spanish	190	100	90	0.8	0.9	0.7
Swedish	615	260	355	2.6	2.3	2.8
Hungarian	280	130	150	1.2	1.1	1.2
Acadian	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Pakistani	35	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	135	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.6
Jewish	85	25	55	0.4	0.2	0.4
Punjabi	60	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Vietnamese	45	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Greek	115	60	55	0.5	0.5	0.4
Jamaican	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	170	80	90	0.7	0.7	0.7
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	235	100	135	1.0	0.9	1.1
Korean	75	40	35	0.3	0.4	0.3
Romanian	140	50	90	0.6	0.4	0.7
Lebanese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian	40	35	0	0.2	0.3	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	50	35	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
Danish	390	200	185	1.6	1.8	1.5
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	215	85	130	0.9	0.8	1.0
Sikh	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Austrian	260	135	130	1.1	1.2	1.0
Belgian	145	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.6
Haitian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindu	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mexican	110	45	65	0.5	0.4	0.5
Mennonite	75	45	30	0.3	0.4	0.2
Swiss	180	90	90	0.8	0.8	0.7
Finnish	205	95	110	0.9	0.8	0.9
Sri Lankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	50	35	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
Japanese	145	50	95	0.6	0.4	0.8
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	275	100	175	1.2	0.9	1.4
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	160	70	85	0.7	0.6	0.7
Colombian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moroccan	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Czech	75	35	35	0.3	0.3	0.3
Syrian	65	30	40	0.3	0.3	0.3
Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ojibway	70	55	15	0.3	0.5	0.1
Newfoundlander	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Hong Konger	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ontarian	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Turkish	30	20	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladeshi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	60	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Caribbean	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Algonquin	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	70	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
South African	95	20	70	0.4	0.2	0.6
Australian	85	35	50	0.4	0.3	0.4
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	45	30	20	0.2	0.3	0.2
New Brunswicker	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Eritrean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Israeli	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albertan	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
African American	70	40	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuban	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	40	0	40	0.2	0.0	0.3
Northern Irish	35	25	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
British Columbian	130	65	65	0.5	0.6	0.5
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	65	30	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	25	25	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
New Zealander	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Honduran	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cherokee	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	23,805	11,320	12,480	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	105	35	75	0.4	0.3	0.6
Christian	8,735	3,800	4,935	36.7	33.6	39.5
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	1,785	795	1,000	7.5	7.0	8.0
Anabaptist	45	25	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
Anglican	1,325	555	770	5.6	4.9	6.2
Baptist	425	185	240	1.8	1.6	1.9
Catholic	2,555	1,100	1,455	10.7	9.7	11.7
Christian Orthodox	95	55	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	160	60	105	0.7	0.5	0.8
Latter Day Saints	90	40	45	0.4	0.4	0.4
Lutheran	250	110	140	1.1	1.0	1.1
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	40	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	225	105	120	0.9	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	195	85	115	0.8	0.8	0.9
Reformed	90	50	40	0.4	0.4	0.3
United Church	965	400	565	4.1	3.5	4.5
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	495	220	265	2.1	1.9	2.1
Hindu	155	90	70	0.7	0.8	0.6
Jewish	45	25	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Muslim	165	80	80	0.7	0.7	0.6
Sikh	305	165	145	1.3	1.5	1.2
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	290	115	175	1.2	1.0	1.4
Other religions and spiritual traditions	375	130	250	1.6	1.1	2.0
No religion and secular perspectives	13,630	6,890	6,740	57.3	60.9	54.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	23,595	11,205	12,385	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	20,310	9,655	10,655	86.1	86.2	86.0
Movers	3,280	1,550	1,735	13.9	13.8	14.0
Non-migrants	1,670	780	885	7.1	7.0	7.1
Migrants	1,615	765	850	6.8	6.8	6.9
Internal migrants	1,490	715	775	6.3	6.4	6.3
Intraprovincial migrants	1,220	595	625	5.2	5.3	5.0
Interprovincial migrants	270	120	150	1.1	1.1	1.2
External migrants	125	45	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	22,715	10,745	11,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	12,455	6,005	6,455	54.8	55.9	53.9
Movers	10,250	4,745	5,510	45.1	44.2	46.1
Non-migrants	3,010	1,385	1,620	13.3	12.9	13.5
Migrants	7,245	3,355	3,890	31.9	31.2	32.5
Internal migrants	6,610	3,090	3,525	29.1	28.8	29.5
Intraprovincial migrants	5,455	2,520	2,940	24.0	23.5	24.6
Interprovincial migrants	1,150	570	580	5.1	5.3	4.8
External migrants	635	270	370	2.8	2.5	3.1
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,130	9,460	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	4,320	2,340	1,985	21.5	24.7	18.6
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	15,810	7,120	8,685	78.5	75.3	81.4
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,510	5,380	6,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	1,915	1,075	840	16.6	20.0	13.7
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	9,595	4,305	5,290	83.4	80.0	86.3
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	20,130	9,460	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	3,735	2,005	1,735	18.6	21.2	16.3
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,545	3,040	3,505	32.5	32.1	32.8
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	9,845	4,410	5,430	48.9	46.6	50.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	6,440	3,005	3,430	32.0	31.8	32.1
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	1,760	1,325	440	8.7	14.0	4.1
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	775	445	335	3.8	4.7	3.1
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	985	880	105	4.9	9.3	1.0
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	3,800	1,410	2,395	18.9	14.9	22.4
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	875	280	600	4.3	3.0	5.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	3,410	1,410	2,000	16.9	14.9	18.7
Bachelor's degree	2,280	865	1,420	11.3	9.1	13.3
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	225	90	130	1.1	1.0	1.2
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	100	60	40	0.5	0.6	0.4
Master's degree	755	370	390	3.8	3.9	3.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	50	25	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	11,510	5,380	6,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,620	915	705	14.1	17.0	11.5
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	3,650	1,845	1,805	31.7	34.3	29.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	6,245	2,620	3,620	54.3	48.7	59.1
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	3,995	1,815	2,175	34.7	33.7	35.5
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	995	755	245	8.6	14.0	4.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	430	235	195	3.7	4.4	3.2
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	565	520	50	4.9	9.7	0.8
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	2,425	895	1,525	21.1	16.6	24.9
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	575	165	405	5.0	3.1	6.6
Bachelor's degree or higher	2,250	805	1,445	19.5	15.0	23.6
Bachelor's degree	1,600	560	1,035	13.9	10.4	16.9
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	125	45	80	1.1	0.8	1.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	75	35	35	0.7	0.7	0.6
Master's degree	435	155	280	3.8	2.9	4.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	20,135	9,460	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	10,285	5,045	5,240	51.1	53.3	49.1
Education	910	230	670	4.5	2.4	6.3
13. Education	910	230	670	4.5	2.4	6.3
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	280	95	180	1.4	1.0	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	25	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	250	75	175	1.2	0.8	1.6
Humanities	465	190	275	2.3	2.0	2.6
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	110	40	75	0.5	0.4	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	100	35	65	0.5	0.4	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	15	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
38. Philosophy and religious studies	20	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	65	40	30	0.3	0.4	0.3
54. History	90	50	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	990	375	615	4.9	4.0	5.8
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	0	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	80	40	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	250	50	205	1.2	0.5	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	150	40	105	0.7	0.4	1.0
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	20	15	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
42. Psychology	180	75	110	0.9	0.8	1.0
45. Social sciences	295	145	150	1.5	1.5	1.4
Business, management and public administration	1,655	525	1,130	8.2	5.5	10.6
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	175	55	130	0.9	0.6	1.2
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	1,480	475	1,000	7.4	5.0	9.4
Physical and life sciences and technologies	335	185	150	1.7	2.0	1.4
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	155	85	70	0.8	0.9	0.7
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	80	35	40	0.4	0.4	0.4
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	70	55	20	0.3	0.6	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	225	120	105	1.1	1.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	180	110	65	0.9	1.2	0.6
25. Library science	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.3
27. Mathematics and statistics	20	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,020	1,885	140	10.0	19.9	1.3
04. Architecture and related services	40	25	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
14. Engineering	240	200	30	1.2	2.1	0.3
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	395	355	40	2.0	3.8	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	635	625	10	3.2	6.6	0.1
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	440	415	30	2.2	4.4	0.3
48. Precision production	270	260	15	1.3	2.7	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	290	150	135	1.4	1.6	1.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	150	45	105	0.7	0.5	1.0
03. Natural resources and conservation	135	105	30	0.7	1.1	0.3
Health and related fields	1,995	345	1,650	9.9	3.6	15.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	90	45	40	0.4	0.5	0.4
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,855	265	1,590	9.2	2.8	14.9
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	50	35	15	0.2	0.4	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	680	305	380	3.4	3.2	3.6
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	485	130	355	2.4	1.4	3.3
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	65	55	10	0.3	0.6	0.1
49. Transportation and materials moving	125	115	10	0.6	1.2	0.1
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	11,510	5,375	6,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	5,265	2,760	2,505	45.7	51.3	40.9
Education	540	105	430	4.7	2.0	7.0
13. Education	540	105	430	4.7	2.0	7.0
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	170	65	105	1.5	1.2	1.7
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	155	55	100	1.3	1.0	1.6
Humanities	225	80	145	2.0	1.5	2.4
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	35	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	60	15	45	0.5	0.3	0.7
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	40	20	25	0.3	0.4	0.4
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
38. Philosophy and religious studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
39. Theology and religious vocations	25	20	10	0.2	0.4	0.2
54. History	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Social and behavioural sciences and law	660	215	445	5.7	4.0	7.3
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	55	20	30	0.5	0.4	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	170	35	135	1.5	0.7	2.2
22. Legal professions and studies	95	15	80	0.8	0.3	1.3
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	10	10	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
42. Psychology	120	45	75	1.0	0.8	1.2
45. Social sciences	210	100	115	1.8	1.9	1.9
Business, management and public administration	1,090	325	765	9.5	6.0	12.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	105	15	90	0.9	0.3	1.5
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	985	310	675	8.6	5.8	11.0
Physical and life sciences and technologies	235	110	120	2.0	2.0	2.0
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	115	55	65	1.0	1.0	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	55	20	40	0.5	0.4	0.7
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
40. Physical sciences	55	40	15	0.5	0.7	0.2
41. Science technologies/technicians	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	185	110	75	1.6	2.0	1.2
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	165	110	55	1.4	2.0	0.9
25. Library science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
27. Mathematics and statistics	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	1,185	1,075	110	10.3	20.0	1.8
04. Architecture and related services	35	20	15	0.3	0.4	0.2
14. Engineering	135	115	25	1.2	2.1	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	215	185	30	1.9	3.4	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	390	385	10	3.4	7.2	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	240	220	20	2.1	4.1	0.3
48. Precision production	170	160	15	1.5	3.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	180	80	105	1.6	1.5	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	100	20	80	0.9	0.4	1.3
03. Natural resources and conservation	80	55	20	0.7	1.0	0.3
Health and related fields	1,310	245	1,065	11.4	4.6	17.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	80	40	40	0.7	0.7	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	1,190	180	1,005	10.3	3.3	16.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	40	25	15	0.3	0.5	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	470	210	260	4.1	3.9	4.2
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	365	115	245	3.2	2.1	4.0
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
43. Security and protective services	45	40	10	0.4	0.7	0.2
49. Transportation and materials moving	60	55	0	0.5	1.0	0.0
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	11,510	5,375	6,130	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	5,265	2,760	2,505	45.7	51.3	40.9
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	6,240	2,620	3,625	54.2	48.7	59.1
Location of study inside Canada	5,460	2,340	3,120	47.4	43.5	50.9
Same as province or territory of residence	4,255	1,775	2,475	37.0	33.0	40.4
Different than province or territory of residence	1,210	560	645	10.5	10.4	10.5
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	780	280	500	6.8	5.2	8.2
Americas	180	70	115	1.6	1.3	1.9
United States of America	145	55	90	1.3	1.0	1.5
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.2
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Europe	195	95	100	1.7	1.8	1.6
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germany	15	10	10	0.1	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	25	15	15	0.2	0.3	0.2
Switzerland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ireland⁹⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Kingdom⁸⁷	115	55	60	1.0	1.0	1.0
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbia⁸⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Europe	25	0	20	0.2	0.0	0.3
Africa	30	10	20	0.3	0.2	0.3
Nigeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Other locations of study in Africa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Asia	330	90	240	2.9	1.7	3.9
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Taiwan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Philippines	185	40	150	1.6	0.7	2.4
Viet Nam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	60	30	30	0.5	0.6	0.5
Pakistan	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Oceania	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
Australia	45	15	30	0.4	0.3	0.5
New Zealand	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	20,130	9,460	10,675	...	...	...
In the labour force	11,215	5,570	5,645	...	...	...
Employed	10,440	5,200	5,240	...	...	...
Unemployed	780	375	405	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	8,915	3,885	5,030	...	...	...
Participation rate	55.7	58.9	52.9	55.7	58.9	52.9
Employment rate	51.9	55.0	49.1	51.9	55.0	49.1
Unemployment rate	7.0	6.7	7.2	7.0	6.7	7.2
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	20,135	9,460	10,675	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	8,795	3,850	4,940	43.7	40.7	46.3
Worked	11,340	5,605	5,730	56.3	59.2	53.7
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	5,610	3,065	2,550	27.9	32.4	23.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	5,730	2,545	3,185	28.5	26.9	29.8
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.9	41.8	40.0	40.9	41.8	40.0
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	11,215	5,575	5,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	65	65	1.2	1.2	1.2
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	11,085	5,510	5,580	98.8	98.8	98.8
Employee	9,245	4,510	4,735	82.4	80.9	83.9
Permanent position	7,805	3,955	3,855	69.6	70.9	68.3
Temporary position	1,440	560	880	12.8	10.0	15.6
Fixed term (1 year or more)	470	170	300	4.2	3.0	5.3
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	965	390	580	8.6	7.0	10.3
Self-employed¹⁹²	1,840	995	840	16.4	17.8	14.9
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	11,215	5,575	5,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	65	65	1.2	1.2	1.2
All occupations¹⁹¹	11,085	5,510	5,580	98.8	98.8	98.8
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	75	45	30	0.7	0.8	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	1,400	360	1,040	12.5	6.5	18.4
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	565	435	125	5.0	7.8	2.2
3 Health occupations	960	195	765	8.6	3.5	13.6
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	1,545	475	1,065	13.8	8.5	18.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	305	110	200	2.7	2.0	3.5
6 Sales and service occupations	3,435	1,465	1,970	30.6	26.3	34.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	1,955	1,775	185	17.4	31.8	3.3
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	400	275	125	3.6	4.9	2.2
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	455	370	85	4.1	6.6	1.5
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	11,215	5,575	5,645	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	135	65	65	1.2	1.2	1.2
All industries¹⁹¹	11,085	5,510	5,580	98.8	98.8	98.8
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	325	255	75	2.9	4.6	1.3
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	50	50	0	0.4	0.9	0.0
22 Utilities	30	30	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
23 Construction	1,050	905	150	9.4	16.2	2.7
31-33 Manufacturing	755	595	165	6.7	10.7	2.9
41 Wholesale trade	125	90	30	1.1	1.6	0.5
44-45 Retail trade	1,710	855	855	15.2	15.3	15.1
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	275	220	50	2.5	3.9	0.9
51 Information and cultural industries	100	60	45	0.9	1.1	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	275	130	145	2.5	2.3	2.6
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	170	100	75	1.5	1.8	1.3
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	535	240	295	4.8	4.3	5.2
55 Management of companies and enterprises	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	530	305	230	4.7	5.5	4.1
61 Educational services	890	280	605	7.9	5.0	10.7
62 Health care and social assistance	1,770	350	1,420	15.8	6.3	25.2
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	240	115	120	2.1	2.1	2.1
72 Accommodation and food services	1,065	430	635	9.5	7.7	11.2
81 Other services (except public administration)	490	195	295	4.4	3.5	5.2
91 Public administration	690	295	395	6.2	5.3	7.0
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	12,275	6,085	6,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	12,070	6,000	6,060	98.3	98.6	97.9
French	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Non-official language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and French	65	35	35	0.5	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	115	40	75	0.9	0.7	1.2
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	12,275	6,085	6,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	12,265	6,075	6,190	99.9	99.8	100.0
Official languages	12,240	6,065	6,175	99.7	99.7	99.8
English	12,220	6,060	6,165	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	20	0	15	0.2	0.0	0.2
Non-official languages	25	15	15	0.2	0.2	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Halkomelem	10	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.2
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese languages	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	25	15	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	12,275	6,085	6,190	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	12,095	6,020	6,080	98.5	98.9	98.2
English	20	10	10	0.2	0.2	0.2
French	55	30	25	0.4	0.5	0.4
Non-official language	90	20	65	0.7	0.3	1.1
Indigenous³⁹	30	10	20	0.2	0.2	0.3
Non-Indigenous	55	15	40	0.4	0.2	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	10	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	10,435	5,200	5,240	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	1,385	545	840	13.3	10.5	16.0
Worked outside Canada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
No fixed workplace address	1,640	1,135	505	15.7	21.8	9.6
Usual place of work	7,415	3,525	3,890	71.1	67.8	74.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	7,410	3,525	3,885	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	2,750	1,210	1,540	37.1	34.3	39.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	3,400	1,610	1,795	45.9	45.7	46.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,210	675	545	16.3	19.1	14.0
Commute to a different province or territory	40	40	10	0.5	1.1	0.3
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	9,050	4,655	4,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	7,945	4,125	3,820	87.8	88.6	87.0
Car, truck or van - as a driver	7,235	3,780	3,455	79.9	81.2	78.7
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	710	345	365	7.8	7.4	8.3
Public transit	125	50	65	1.4	1.1	1.5
Walked	675	310	365	7.5	6.7	8.3
Bicycle	135	90	40	1.5	1.9	0.9
Other method	180	80	100	2.0	1.7	2.3
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	9,050	4,655	4,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	4,510	1,925	2,595	49.8	41.4	59.1
15 to 29 minutes	2,695	1,530	1,170	29.8	32.9	26.7
30 to 44 minutes	750	455	295	8.3	9.8	6.7
45 to 59 minutes	500	350	145	5.5	7.5	3.3
60 minutes and over	595	400	190	6.6	8.6	4.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	9,050	4,655	4,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	635	485	150	7.0	10.4	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	1,385	835	550	15.3	17.9	12.5
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	2,280	1,210	1,065	25.2	26.0	24.3
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	1,995	825	1,170	22.0	17.7	26.7
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	1,360	495	865	15.0	10.6	19.7
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	1,400	800	595	15.5	17.2	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	4,570	2,350	2,220	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	370	185	185	8.1	7.9	8.3
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	4,205	2,170	2,035	92.0	92.3	91.7
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	3,415	1,755	1,660	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	280	135	145	8.2	7.7	8.7
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	150	70	85	4.4	4.0	5.1
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	135	65	65	4.0	3.7	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	3,130	1,625	1,510	91.7	92.6	91.0

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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