Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population
Profile table

Characteristic	CourtenayMore information: British Columbia [Population centre]
	Counts			Rates
	Total	Men＋	Women＋	Total	Men＋	Women＋
Population and dwellings
Population, 2021¹	48,917	...	...	...	...	...
Population, 2016¹	45,314^r	...	...	...	...	...
Population percentage change, 2016 to 2021	8.0	...	...	8.0	...	...
Total private dwellings²	22,691	...	...	...	...	...
Private dwellings occupied by usual residents³	21,901	...	...	...	...	...
Population density per square kilometre	864.6	...	...	864.6	...	...
Land area in square kilometres	56.58	...	...	...	...	...
Age characteristics
Total - Age groups of the population - 100% data	48,920	23,270	25,655	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	6,615	3,390	3,225	13.5	14.6	12.6
0 to 4 years	1,810	905	910	3.7	3.9	3.5
5 to 9 years	2,380	1,195	1,185	4.9	5.1	4.6
10 to 14 years	2,425	1,295	1,130	5.0	5.6	4.4
15 to 64 years	27,855	13,350	14,505	56.9	57.4	56.5
15 to 19 years	2,315	1,220	1,095	4.7	5.2	4.3
20 to 24 years	2,090	1,115	975	4.3	4.8	3.8
25 to 29 years	2,305	1,150	1,155	4.7	4.9	4.5
30 to 34 years	2,530	1,245	1,285	5.2	5.4	5.0
35 to 39 years	2,870	1,355	1,510	5.9	5.8	5.9
40 to 44 years	2,705	1,300	1,410	5.5	5.6	5.5
45 to 49 years	2,660	1,260	1,395	5.4	5.4	5.4
50 to 54 years	2,770	1,260	1,515	5.7	5.4	5.9
55 to 59 years	3,630	1,665	1,965	7.4	7.2	7.7
60 to 64 years	3,980	1,785	2,195	8.1	7.7	8.6
65 years and over	14,450	6,525	7,925	29.5	28.0	30.9
65 to 69 years	3,925	1,710	2,215	8.0	7.3	8.6
70 to 74 years	3,940	1,820	2,120	8.1	7.8	8.3
75 to 79 years	2,820	1,325	1,490	5.8	5.7	5.8
80 to 84 years	1,885	895	990	3.9	3.8	3.9
85 years and over	1,875	770	1,105	3.8	3.3	4.3
85 to 89 years	1,175	505	665	2.4	2.2	2.6
90 to 94 years	510	210	310	1.0	0.9	1.2
95 to 99 years	160	55	105	0.3	0.2	0.4
100 years and over	25	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Total - Distribution (%) of the population by broad age groups - 100% data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 14 years	13.5	14.6	12.6	13.5	14.6	12.6
15 to 64 years	56.9	57.4	56.5	56.9	57.4	56.5
65 years and over	29.5	28.0	30.9	29.5	28.0	30.9
85 years and over	3.8	3.3	4.3	3.8	3.3	4.3
Average age of the population	47.6	46.3	48.8	47.6	46.3	48.8
Median age of the population	50.8	48.4	52.4	50.8	48.4	52.4
Household and dwelling characteristics
Total - Occupied private dwellings by structural type of dwelling - 100% data	21,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Single-detached house	12,815	...	...	58.5	...	...
Semi-detached house	2,630	...	...	12.0	...	...
Row house	1,535	...	...	7.0	...	...
Apartment or flat in a duplex	555	...	...	2.5	...	...
Apartment in a building that has fewer than five storeys	3,500	...	...	16.0	...	...
Apartment in a building that has five or more storeys	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
Other single-attached house	50	...	...	0.2	...	...
Movable dwelling⁴	775	...	...	3.5	...	...
Total - Private households by household size - 100% data	21,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 person	6,805	...	...	31.1	...	...
2 persons	9,055	...	...	41.3	...	...
3 persons	2,785	...	...	12.7	...	...
4 persons	2,175	...	...	9.9	...	...
5 or more persons	1,080	...	...	4.9	...	...
Number of persons in private households	47,830	22,810	25,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Average household size	2.2	...	...	2.2	...	...
Marital status
Total - Marital status for the total population aged 15 years and over - 100% data	42,305	19,880	22,425	100.0	100.0	100.0
Married or living common-law	24,910	12,370	12,545	58.9	62.2	55.9
Married	19,985	9,945	10,045	47.2	50.0	44.8
Living common-law	4,925	2,430	2,495	11.6	12.2	11.1
Living common law - Never married	3,145	1,555	1,585	7.4	7.8	7.1
Living common law - Separated	225	110	115	0.5	0.6	0.5
Living common law - Divorced	1,360	680	680	3.2	3.4	3.0
Living common law - Widowed	200	80	115	0.5	0.4	0.5
Not married and not living common-law	17,395	7,510	9,885	41.1	37.8	44.1
Not married and not living common law - Never married	9,530	5,080	4,450	22.5	25.6	19.8
Not married and not living common law - Separated	1,225	495	735	2.9	2.5	3.3
Not married and not living common law - Divorced	3,645	1,255	2,385	8.6	6.3	10.6
Not married and not living common law - Widowed	2,995	680	2,310	7.1	3.4	10.3
Family characteristics
Total - Census families in private households by family size - 100% data⁵	14,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
2 persons	9,140	...	...	63.6	...	...
3 persons	2,545	...	...	17.7	...	...
4 persons	1,995	...	...	13.9	...	...
5 or more persons	685	...	...	4.8	...	...
Average size of census families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Average number of children in census families with children⁶	1.7	...	...	1.7	...	...
Total number of census families in private households - 100% data	14,360	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total couple families	12,160	...	...	84.7	...	...
Married couples	9,710	...	...	67.6	...	...
With children⁶	3,560	...	...	24.8	...	...
Without children	6,150	...	...	42.8	...	...
Common-law couples	2,450	...	...	17.1	...	...
With children⁶	840	...	...	5.8	...	...
Without children	1,610	...	...	11.2	...	...
Total one-parent families	2,205	...	...	15.4	...	...
in which the parent is a woman+	1,720	...	...	12.0	...	...
in which the parent is a man+	485	...	...	3.4	...	...
Total - Persons in private households - 100% data	47,830	22,810	25,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total - Persons in census families	37,485	18,410	19,075	78.4	80.7	76.2
Married spouses or common-law partners	24,320	12,090	12,225	50.8	53.0	48.9
Parents in one-parent families	2,205	490	1,715	4.6	2.1	6.9
Children⁶	10,965	5,835	5,125	22.9	25.6	20.5
In a two-parent family	7,720	4,085	3,640	16.1	17.9	14.5
In a one-parent family	3,245	1,750	1,490	6.8	7.7	6.0
Total - Persons not in census families in private households - 100% data	10,345	4,400	5,950	21.6	19.3	23.8
Living alone	6,805	2,600	4,205	14.2	11.4	16.8
Living with other relatives⁷	855	355	500	1.8	1.6	2.0
Living with non-relatives only	2,685	1,445	1,240	5.6	6.3	5.0
Household type
Total - Household type - 100% data	21,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-census-family households without additional persons	12,825	...	...	58.6	...	...
Couple-family households	11,115	...	...	50.8	...	...
With children⁶	3,945	...	...	18.0	...	...
Without children	7,175	...	...	32.8	...	...
One-parent-family households	1,705	...	...	7.8	...	...
Multigenerational households⁸	370	...	...	1.7	...	...
Multiple-census-family households⁹	115	...	...	0.5	...	...
One-census-family households with additional persons⁹	755	...	...	3.4	...	...
Two-or-more-person non-census-family households	1,035	...	...	4.7	...	...
One-person households	6,805	...	...	31.1	...	...
Income of individuals in 2020
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁰	41,230	19,430	21,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,260	18,945	21,315	97.6	97.5	97.8
Median total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	40,400	48,400	35,200	40,400	48,400	35,200
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	40,295	18,960	21,330	97.7	97.6	97.8
Median after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	37,200	43,600	32,400	37,200	43,600	32,400
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	36,530	17,540	18,985	88.6	90.3	87.1
Median market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	31,800	40,000	25,000	31,800	40,000	25,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	25,255	12,510	12,745	61.3	64.4	58.5
Median employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	32,800	40,400	26,600	32,800	40,400	26,600
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	34,820	15,650	19,170	84.5	80.5	87.9
Median government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	13,100	13,000	13,100	13,100	13,000	13,100
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	3,585	1,730	1,860	8.7	8.9	8.5
Median employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	5,480	5,480	5,320	5,480	5,480	5,320
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 100% data	9,120	4,060	5,060	22.1	20.9	23.2
Median COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000	8,000
Total - Income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹¹	41,260	19,415	21,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,265	18,995	21,270	97.6	97.8	97.3
Average total income in 2020 among recipients ($)	49,520	57,750	42,160	49,520	57,750	42,160
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	40,315	18,995	21,315	97.7	97.8	97.6
Average after-tax income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,800	49,160	37,120	42,800	49,160	37,120
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	36,515	17,595	18,920	88.5	90.6	86.6
Average market income in 2020 among recipients ($)	42,760	51,750	34,400	42,760	51,750	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	25,235	12,535	12,705	61.2	64.6	58.1
Average employment income in 2020 among recipients ($)	43,000	50,560	35,520	43,000	50,560	35,520
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	34,605	15,525	19,085	83.9	80.0	87.3
Average government transfers in 2020 among recipients ($)	12,470	11,970	12,880	12,470	11,970	12,880
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	3,485	1,685	1,805	8.4	8.7	8.3
Average employment insurance benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	6,500	6,310	6,680	6,500	6,310	6,680
Number of COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2020 - 25% sample data	8,995	4,095	4,900	21.8	21.1	22.4
Average COVID-19 emergency and recovery benefits in 2020 among recipients ($)	8,630	8,190	8,990	8,630	8,190	8,990
Total - Employment income statistics in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹²	41,260	19,415	21,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,975	5,555	4,420	24.2	28.6	20.2
Median employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	60,000	66,000	53,600	60,000	66,000	53,600
Average employment income in 2020 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	67,300	74,000	58,800	67,300	74,000	58,800
Number of employment income recipients in 2020 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,650	5,225	6,425	28.2	26.9	29.4
Median employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	19,400	23,400	17,400	19,400	23,400	17,400
Average employment income in 2020 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	30,360	36,200	25,640	30,360	36,200	25,640
Composition of total income in 2020 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data¹⁷	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)¹⁸	78.4	83.0	72.6	78.4	83.0	72.6
Employment income (%)¹⁹	54.4	57.8	50.3	54.4	57.8	50.3
Government transfers (%)²⁰	21.6	16.9	27.4	21.6	16.9	27.4
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.1	1.0	1.3	1.1	1.0	1.3
COVID-19 - Government income support and benefits (%)	5.1	3.9	6.5	5.1	3.9	6.5
COVID-19 - Emergency and recovery benefits (%)	3.9	3.1	4.9	3.9	3.1	4.9
Total - Total income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²¹	41,230	19,430	21,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without total income	975	485	485	2.4	2.5	2.2
With total income	40,260	18,945	21,315	97.6	97.5	97.8
Under $10,000 (including loss)	2,845	1,090	1,755	7.1	5.8	8.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,635	1,610	3,025	11.5	8.5	14.2
$20,000 to $29,999	6,510	2,430	4,080	16.2	12.8	19.1
$30,000 to $39,999	5,920	2,470	3,445	14.7	13.0	16.2
$40,000 to $49,999	4,965	2,290	2,675	12.3	12.1	12.5
$50,000 to $59,999	4,010	1,960	2,050	10.0	10.3	9.6
$60,000 to $69,999	3,055	1,730	1,325	7.6	9.1	6.2
$70,000 to $79,999	2,340	1,415	925	5.8	7.5	4.3
$80,000 to $89,999	1,635	985	650	4.1	5.2	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	1,165	735	430	2.9	3.9	2.0
$100,000 and over	3,185	2,225	955	7.9	11.7	4.5
$100,000 to $149,999	2,255	1,505	745	5.6	7.9	3.5
$150,000 and over	935	720	215	2.3	3.8	1.0
Total - After-tax income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²²	41,230	19,430	21,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without after-tax income	940	470	470	2.3	2.4	2.2
With after-tax income	40,290	18,960	21,335	97.7	97.6	97.9
Under $10,000 (including loss)	3,120	1,155	1,965	7.7	6.1	9.2
$10,000 to $19,999	4,805	1,680	3,125	11.9	8.9	14.6
$20,000 to $29,999	7,305	2,770	4,540	18.1	14.6	21.3
$30,000 to $39,999	6,725	2,890	3,830	16.7	15.2	18.0
$40,000 to $49,999	5,630	2,720	2,910	14.0	14.3	13.6
$50,000 to $59,999	4,095	2,220	1,870	10.2	11.7	8.8
$60,000 to $69,999	3,015	1,800	1,210	7.5	9.5	5.7
$70,000 to $79,999	1,895	1,185	715	4.7	6.3	3.4
$80,000 to $89,999	1,215	740	470	3.0	3.9	2.2
$90,000 to $99,999	750	485	260	1.9	2.6	1.2
$100,000 and over	1,745	1,315	440	4.3	6.9	2.1
$100,000 to $124,999	950	690	255	2.4	3.6	1.2
$125,000 and over	805	620	180	2.0	3.3	0.8
Total - Employment income groups in 2020 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data¹⁹	41,230	19,430	21,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Without employment income	15,975	6,920	9,055	38.7	35.6	41.5
With employment income	25,255	12,510	12,745	61.3	64.4	58.5
Under $5,000 (including loss)	4,025	1,825	2,200	15.9	14.6	17.3
$5,000 to $9,999	2,010	790	1,220	8.0	6.3	9.6
$10,000 to $19,999	3,145	1,295	1,850	12.5	10.4	14.5
$20,000 to $29,999	2,735	1,145	1,590	10.8	9.2	12.5
$30,000 to $39,999	2,510	1,150	1,365	9.9	9.2	10.7
$40,000 to $49,999	2,210	1,025	1,185	8.8	8.2	9.3
$50,000 to $59,999	1,920	915	1,005	7.6	7.3	7.9
$60,000 to $69,999	1,620	995	630	6.4	8.0	4.9
$70,000 to $79,999	1,320	820	505	5.2	6.6	4.0
$80,000 to $89,999	1,005	620	385	4.0	5.0	3.0
$90,000 to $99,999	775	475	300	3.1	3.8	2.4
$100,000 and over	1,975	1,455	520	7.8	11.6	4.1
$100,000 to $124,999	980	660	325	3.9	5.3	2.6
$125,000 and over	990	795	195	3.9	6.4	1.5
Income of individuals in 2019
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 100% data²³	41,230	19,430	21,800	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,480	18,565	20,915	95.8	95.5	95.9
Median total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	38,400	47,600	32,000	38,400	47,600	32,000
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	39,570	18,565	21,005	96.0	95.5	96.4
Median after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	34,400	42,400	29,200	34,400	42,400	29,200
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	36,385	17,405	18,980	88.2	89.6	87.1
Median market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	32,800	41,600	26,000	32,800	41,600	26,000
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	27,735	13,850	13,885	67.3	71.3	63.7
Median employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	30,000	36,800	25,000	30,000	36,800	25,000
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 100% data	29,345	12,500	16,845	71.2	64.3	77.3
Median government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	11,000	12,200	10,400	11,000	12,200	10,400
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 -100% data	2,955	1,445	1,505	7.2	7.4	6.9
Median employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	5,080	5,000	5,200	5,080	5,000	5,200
Total - Income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁴	41,260	19,415	21,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of total income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,525	18,670	20,860	95.8	96.2	95.5
Average total income in 2019 among recipients ($)	47,440	56,150	39,640	47,440	56,150	39,640
Number of after-tax income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	39,650	18,670	20,980	96.1	96.2	96.0
Average after-tax income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,440	47,360	34,240	40,440	47,360	34,240
Number of market income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	36,470	17,470	19,000	88.4	90.0	87.0
Average market income in 2019 among recipients ($)	43,040	52,450	34,400	43,040	52,450	34,400
Number of employment income recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	27,860	13,915	13,950	67.5	71.7	63.8
Average employment income in 2019 among recipients ($)	40,000	46,720	33,240	40,000	46,720	33,240
Number of government transfers recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	29,210	12,505	16,710	70.8	64.4	76.5
Average government transfers in 2019 among recipients ($)	10,430	10,510	10,370	10,430	10,510	10,370
Number of employment insurance benefits recipients aged 15 years and over in private households in 2019 - 25% sample data	2,850	1,460	1,395	6.9	7.5	6.4
Average employment insurance benefits in 2019 among recipients ($)	6,580	6,290	6,890	6,580	6,290	6,890
Total - Employment income statistics in 2019 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data²⁵	41,260	19,415	21,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked full-year full-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹³	9,925	5,540	4,380	24.1	28.5	20.0
Median employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁴	56,000	62,800	49,600	56,000	62,800	49,600
Average employment income in 2019 for full-year full-time workers in 2020 ($)¹⁵	63,150	70,200	54,250	63,150	70,200	54,250
Number of employment income recipients in 2019 who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁶	11,225	5,030	6,190	27.2	25.9	28.3
Median employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	25,200	30,000	22,000	25,200	30,000	22,000
Average employment income in 2019 of those who worked part-year or part-time in 2020 ($)	35,160	42,200	29,480	35,160	42,200	29,480
Composition of total income in 2019 of the population aged 15 years and over in private households (%) - 25% sample data	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Market income (%)	83.8	87.4	79.0	83.8	87.4	79.0
Employment income (%)	59.4	62.1	56.1	59.4	62.1	56.1
Government transfers (%)	16.2	12.5	21.0	16.2	12.5	21.0
Employment insurance benefits (%)	1.0	0.9	1.2	1.0	0.9	1.2
Income of households in 2020
Total - Income statistics for private households - 100% data²⁶	21,900	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of household in 2020 ($)	76,500	...	...	76,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	68,500	...	...	68,500	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 100% data	6,805	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	41,200	...	...	41,200	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	38,000	...	...	38,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 100% data	15,095	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	86,000	...	...	86,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for private households - 25% sample data²⁷	21,950	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of household in 2020 ($)	90,800	...	...	90,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of household in 2020 ($)	78,600	...	...	78,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-person private households - 25% sample data	6,845	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	48,120	...	...	48,120	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-person households in 2020 ($)	42,000	...	...	42,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for two-or-more-persons private households - 25% sample data	15,110	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	110,100	...	...	110,100	...	...
Average after-tax income of two-or-more-person households in 2020 ($)	95,200	...	...	95,200	...	...
Total - Household total income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²¹	21,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	140	...	...	0.6	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	85	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	150	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	450	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	940	...	...	4.3	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	730	...	...	3.3	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	785	...	...	3.6	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	950	...	...	4.3	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	910	...	...	4.2	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	960	...	...	4.4	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	1,925	...	...	8.8	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	1,810	...	...	8.3	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,730	...	...	7.9	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,525	...	...	7.0	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,405	...	...	6.4	...	...
$100,000 and over	7,415	...	...	33.9	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,675	...	...	12.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,670	...	...	7.6	...	...
$150,000 to $199,999	1,830	...	...	8.4	...	...
$200,000 and over	1,240	...	...	5.7	...	...
Total - Household after-tax income groups in 2020 for private households - 100% data²²	21,900	...	...	100.0	...	...
Under $5,000	175	...	...	0.8	...	...
$5,000 to $9,999	80	...	...	0.4	...	...
$10,000 to $14,999	155	...	...	0.7	...	...
$15,000 to $19,999	455	...	...	2.1	...	...
$20,000 to $24,999	1,000	...	...	4.6	...	...
$25,000 to $29,999	825	...	...	3.8	...	...
$30,000 to $34,999	965	...	...	4.4	...	...
$35,000 to $39,999	1,065	...	...	4.9	...	...
$40,000 to $44,999	1,075	...	...	4.9	...	...
$45,000 to $49,999	1,105	...	...	5.0	...	...
$50,000 to $59,999	2,175	...	...	9.9	...	...
$60,000 to $69,999	2,140	...	...	9.8	...	...
$70,000 to $79,999	1,805	...	...	8.2	...	...
$80,000 to $89,999	1,730	...	...	7.9	...	...
$90,000 to $99,999	1,440	...	...	6.6	...	...
$100,000 and over	5,715	...	...	26.1	...	...
$100,000 to $124,999	2,450	...	...	11.2	...	...
$125,000 to $149,999	1,445	...	...	6.6	...	...
$150,000 and over	1,825	...	...	8.3	...	...
Income of economic families in 2020
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 100% data²⁸	14,255	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	95,000	...	...	95,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	85,000	...	...	85,000	...	...
Average family size of economic families	2.7	...	...	2.7	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 100% data	7,365	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,000	...	...	87,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	78,500	...	...	78,500	...	...
Average family size of couple-only economic families	2.0	...	...	2.0	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 100% data	4,440	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	125,000	...	...	125,000	...	...
Median after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	110,000	...	...	110,000	...	...
Average family size of couple-with-children economic families	3.9	...	...	3.9	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 100% data	2,080	...	...	...	...	...
Median total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	65,500	...	...	65,500	...	...
Median after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	60,800	...	...	60,800	...	...
Average family size of one-parent economic families	2.6	...	...	2.6	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 100% data²⁹	9,490	4,040	5,450	...	...	...
Median total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	38,800	41,200	36,800	38,800	41,200	36,800
Median after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	35,600	37,600	34,400	35,600	37,600	34,400
Total - Income statistics for economic families in private households - 25% sample data³¹	14,295	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of economic family in 2020 ($)	109,800	...	...	109,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of economic family in 2020 ($)	94,600	...	...	94,600	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-only economic families in private households - 25% sample data	7,390	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	101,300	...	...	101,300	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-only economic families in 2020 ($)	87,200	...	...	87,200	...	...
Total - Income statistics for couple-with-children economic families in private households - 25% sample data	4,450	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	139,600	...	...	139,600	...	...
Average after-tax income of couple-with-children economic families in 2020 ($)	119,000	...	...	119,000	...	...
Total - Income statistics for one-parent economic families in private households - 25% sample data	2,010	...	...	...	...	...
Average total income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	74,800	...	...	74,800	...	...
Average after-tax income of one-parent economic families in 2020 ($)	67,400	...	...	67,400	...	...
Total - Income statistics for persons aged 15 years and over not in economic families in private households - 25% sample data³²	9,390	3,925	5,470	...	...	...
Average total income in 2020 ($)³⁰	45,120	48,480	42,680	45,120	48,480	42,680
Average after-tax income in 2020 ($)³⁰	39,640	42,240	37,800	39,640	42,240	37,800
Low income and income inequality in 2020
Total - LIM low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households - 100% data³³	47,830	22,810	25,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,990	4,100	3,890	16.7	18.0	15.5
0 to 5 years	2,295	1,165	1,130	4.8	5.1	4.5
18 to 64 years	26,200	12,450	13,745	54.8	54.6	54.9
65 years and over	13,640	6,255	7,385	28.5	27.4	29.5
In low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT)	4,605	1,910	2,690	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	875	440	430	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	265	135	130	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	2,245	955	1,285	...	...	...
65 years and over	1,490	520	975	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) (%)	9.6	8.4	10.8	9.6	8.4	10.8
0 to 17 years (%)	10.9	10.7	11.1	10.9	10.7	11.1
0 to 5 years (%)	11.6	11.8	11.4	11.6	11.8	11.4
18 to 64 years (%)	8.6	7.7	9.4	8.6	7.7	9.4
65 years and over (%)	10.9	8.3	13.2	10.9	8.3	13.2
Total - LICO low-income status in 2020 for the population in private households to whom the low-income concept is applicable - 100% data³³	47,540	22,665	24,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
0 to 17 years	7,935	4,075	3,860	16.7	18.0	15.5
0 to 5 years	2,270	1,150	1,120	4.8	5.1	4.5
18 to 64 years	26,015	12,360	13,660	54.7	54.5	54.9
65 years and over	13,585	6,230	7,355	28.6	27.5	29.6
In low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT)	1,555	705	855	...	...	...
0 to 17 years	285	140	145	...	...	...
0 to 5 years	70	45	25	...	...	...
18 to 64 years	1,060	495	570	...	...	...
65 years and over	210	70	140	...	...	...
Prevalence of low income based on the Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) (%)	3.3	3.1	3.4	3.3	3.1	3.4
0 to 17 years (%)	3.6	3.4	3.7	3.6	3.4	3.7
0 to 5 years (%)	3.0	3.7	2.4	3.0	3.7	2.4
18 to 64 years (%)	4.1	4.0	4.2	4.1	4.0	4.2
65 years and over (%)	1.6	1.2	1.9	1.6	1.2	1.9
Total - Adjusted after-tax economic family income decile group for the population in private households - 100% data³⁴	47,830	22,810	25,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
In bottom half of the distribution	25,310	11,625	13,685	52.9	51.0	54.7
In bottom decile	4,445	1,905	2,535	9.3	8.4	10.1
In second decile	4,760	2,105	2,655	10.0	9.2	10.6
In third decile	5,075	2,325	2,745	10.6	10.2	11.0
In fourth decile	5,490	2,615	2,870	11.5	11.5	11.5
In fifth decile	5,545	2,670	2,875	11.6	11.7	11.5
In top half of the distribution	22,520	11,185	11,330	47.1	49.0	45.3
In sixth decile	5,145	2,490	2,655	10.8	10.9	10.6
In seventh decile	5,115	2,535	2,575	10.7	11.1	10.3
In eighth decile	4,625	2,320	2,305	9.7	10.2	9.2
In ninth decile	4,205	2,115	2,090	8.8	9.3	8.4
In top decile	3,425	1,720	1,705	7.2	7.5	6.8
Total - Inequality measures for the population in private households - 100% data³⁵	47,830	...	...	47,830	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household total income	0.296	...	...	0.296	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household market income	0.418	...	...	0.418	...	...
Gini index on adjusted household after-tax income	0.263	...	...	0.263	...	...
P90/P10 ratio on adjusted household after-tax income	3.4	...	...	3.4	...	...
Knowledge of official languages
Total - Knowledge of official languages for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁶	48,365	23,065	25,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English only	43,220	20,740	22,480	89.4	89.9	88.8
French only	25	5	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
English and French	4,955	2,240	2,715	10.2	9.7	10.7
Neither English nor French	170	75	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
First official language spoken
Total - First official language spoken for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁷	48,365	23,065	25,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	46,955	22,380	24,570	97.1	97.0	97.1
French	1,190	585	605	2.5	2.5	2.4
English and French	70	35	40	0.1	0.2	0.2
Neither English nor French	150	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mother tongue
Total - Mother tongue for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data³⁸	48,365	23,065	25,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,530	22,685	24,845	98.3	98.4	98.2
Official languages	44,165	21,215	22,950	91.3	92.0	90.7
English	42,940	20,620	22,315	88.8	89.4	88.2
French	1,225	600	630	2.5	2.6	2.5
Non-official languages	3,360	1,470	1,895	6.9	6.4	7.5
Indigenous languages³⁹	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	3,350	1,465	1,885	6.9	6.4	7.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	70	45	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	60	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Amharic	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	45	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	175	80	95	0.4	0.3	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	175	85	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	275	90	180	0.6	0.4	0.7
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	30	5	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	210	75	140	0.4	0.3	0.6
Waray-Waray	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	65	45	20	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	55	40	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Tamil	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	2,045	900	1,140	4.2	3.9	4.5
Albanian	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	310	140	170	0.6	0.6	0.7
Baltic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	305	135	170	0.6	0.6	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Russian	45	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Bosnian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	55	20	40	0.1	0.1	0.2
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,010	405	605	2.1	1.8	2.4
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	600	240	360	1.2	1.0	1.4
German	560	220	335	1.2	1.0	1.3
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	305	120	180	0.6	0.5	0.7
Afrikaans	45	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	250	95	155	0.5	0.4	0.6
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	55	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	10	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	335	170	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Indo-Aryan languages	305	155	150	0.6	0.7	0.6
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	70	45	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	150	65	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	350	160	185	0.7	0.7	0.7
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	85	50	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Portuguese	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Romanian	15	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	175	70	110	0.4	0.3	0.4
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	90	25	65	0.2	0.1	0.3
Korean	135	65	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	335	135	200	0.7	0.6	0.8
Chinese languages	330	135	195	0.7	0.6	0.8
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	160	75	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	140	55	90	0.3	0.2	0.4
Chinese, n.o.s.	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	20	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	835	380	460	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and French	300	145	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
English and non-official language(s)	445	190	255	0.9	0.8	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	70	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
All languages spoken at home
Total - All languages spoken at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴⁰	48,365	23,065	25,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	44,290	21,245	23,040	91.6	92.1	91.0
French	310	140	170	0.6	0.6	0.7
Non-official language	595	300	295	1.2	1.3	1.2
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	595	300	290	1.2	1.3	1.1
English and French	825	365	460	1.7	1.6	1.8
English and non-official language(s)	2,160	925	1,235	4.5	4.0	4.9
French and non-official language(s)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	105	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple non-official languages	80	35	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Language spoken most often at home
Total - Language spoken most often at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴¹	48,365	23,065	25,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	47,885	22,855	25,030	99.0	99.1	98.9
Official languages	46,730	22,295	24,430	96.6	96.7	96.5
English	46,290	22,095	24,190	95.7	95.8	95.6
French	440	205	235	0.9	0.9	0.9
Non-official languages	1,160	560	600	2.4	2.4	2.4
Indigenous languages³⁹	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	1,155	560	600	2.4	2.4	2.4
Afro-Asiatic languages	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	25	10	5	0.1	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	120	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	135	50	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	100	40	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	45	35	15	0.1	0.2	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	35	30	5	0.1	0.1	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	485	240	245	1.0	1.0	1.0
Albanian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	65	30	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	20	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Irish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	105	50	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	55	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
German	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Afrikaans	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	10	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	210	105	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
Indo-Aryan languages	195	100	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hindi	40	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	110	45	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	10	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	65	30	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korean	90	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	10	10	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	20	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	15	5	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	185	85	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Chinese languages	185	85	105	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hakka	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	85	40	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	10	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	85	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	10	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	5	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	480	205	270	1.0	0.9	1.1
English and French	130	55	75	0.3	0.2	0.3
English and non-official language(s)	335	150	190	0.7	0.7	0.8
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	5	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language spoken regularly at home
Total - Other language(s) spoken regularly at home for the total population excluding institutional residents - 100% data⁴²	48,365	23,065	25,305	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	45,600	21,875	23,725	94.3	94.8	93.8
English	530	245	285	1.1	1.1	1.1
French	585	255	325	1.2	1.1	1.3
Non-official language	1,350	555	795	2.8	2.4	3.1
Indigenous³⁹	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	1,315	545	770	2.7	2.4	3.0
English and French	5	5	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	80	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
French and non-official language(s)	75	30	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
English, French and non-official language(s)	5	0	5	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	140	70	70	0.3	0.3	0.3
Knowledge of languages
Total - Knowledge of languages for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴³	47,785	22,765	25,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Official languages	47,630	22,690	24,940	99.7	99.7	99.7
English	47,615	22,685	24,930	99.6	99.6	99.6
French	4,945	2,275	2,675	10.3	10.0	10.7
Non-official languages	5,245	2,290	2,955	11.0	10.1	11.8
Indigenous languages³⁹	70	15	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Algonquian languages	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kaska (Nahani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cayuga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	40	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	5,170	2,270	2,905	10.8	10.0	11.6
Afro-Asiatic languages	140	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hausa	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	140	75	60	0.3	0.3	0.2
Amharic	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	95	45	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Harari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	30	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Maltese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	225	120	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	225	120	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	480	155	325	1.0	0.7	1.3
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	75	15	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Fijian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	25	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Indonesian	40	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinaray-a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Merina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	400	145	255	0.8	0.6	1.0
Waray-Waray	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Krio	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sango	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	35	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tulu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hmong-Mien languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	3,430	1,555	1,875	7.2	6.8	7.5
Albanian	25	10	10	0.1	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	340	170	175	0.7	0.7	0.7
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	335	170	165	0.7	0.7	0.7
Belarusian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czech	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	65	25	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Russian	115	40	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Rusyn	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	80	45	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Bosnian	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Croatian	40	20	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	35	25	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Irish	40	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Welsh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	1,340	540	800	2.8	2.4	3.2
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	970	405	565	2.0	1.8	2.3
German	935	390	545	2.0	1.7	2.2
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	40	15	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yiddish	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	285	115	170	0.6	0.5	0.7
Afrikaans	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Dutch	210	85	130	0.4	0.4	0.5
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	110	35	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
Danish	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	35	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	40	25	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Indo-Iranian languages	430	215	215	0.9	0.9	0.9
Indo-Aryan languages	410	210	200	0.9	0.9	0.8
Assamese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Gujarati	30	30	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hindi	240	120	120	0.5	0.5	0.5
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Konkani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oriya languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Odia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oriya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	275	125	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
Rohingya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	20	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Baluchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Parsi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	30	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	1,340	610	725	2.8	2.7	2.9
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	240	110	135	0.5	0.5	0.5
Portuguese	105	65	40	0.2	0.3	0.2
Romanian	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Spanish	1,025	450	575	2.1	2.0	2.3
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	200	60	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Korean	160	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamanankan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Éwé	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gikuyu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Luba-Kasai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mòoré	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mwani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ndebele	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Soninke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sotho-Tswana languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wojenaka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuer	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	100	35	70	0.2	0.2	0.3
American Sign Language	85	30	60	0.2	0.1	0.2
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	390	165	225	0.8	0.7	0.9
Chinese languages	390	165	225	0.8	0.7	0.9
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	205	80	125	0.4	0.4	0.5
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	240	95	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kuki-Chin languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kazakh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	15	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	85	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	50	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Hungarian	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous population
Total - Indigenous identity for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,785	22,765	25,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous identity⁴⁵	3,590	1,600	1,990	7.5	7.0	8.0
Single Indigenous responses⁴⁶	3,490	1,550	1,935	7.3	6.8	7.7
First Nations (North American Indian)	2,045	930	1,115	4.3	4.1	4.5
Métis	1,395	610	780	2.9	2.7	3.1
Inuk (Inuit)	45	0	45	0.1	0.0	0.2
Multiple Indigenous responses⁴⁷	65	40	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Indigenous responses not included elsewhere⁴⁸	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Non-Indigenous identity	44,195	21,165	23,030	92.5	93.0	92.0
Total - Registered or Treaty Indian status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁴⁴	47,785	22,765	25,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Registered or Treaty Indian⁴⁹	995	465	530	2.1	2.0	2.1
Not a Registered or Treaty Indian	46,790	22,295	24,495	97.9	97.9	97.9
Household characteristics
Total - Private households by tenure - 25% sample data⁵⁰	21,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Owner	16,390	...	...	74.7	...	...
Renter	5,535	...	...	25.2	...	...
Dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band	30	...	...	0.1	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by condominium status - 25% sample data⁵¹	21,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Condominium	4,030	...	...	18.4	...	...
Not condominium	17,925	...	...	81.6	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of bedrooms - 25% sample data⁵²	21,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
No bedrooms	115	...	...	0.5	...	...
1 bedroom	1,660	...	...	7.6	...	...
2 bedrooms	6,875	...	...	31.3	...	...
3 bedrooms	8,905	...	...	40.6	...	...
4 or more bedrooms	4,390	...	...	20.0	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by number of rooms - 25% sample data⁵³	21,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
1 to 4 rooms	5,340	...	...	24.3	...	...
5 rooms	4,155	...	...	18.9	...	...
6 rooms	3,860	...	...	17.6	...	...
7 rooms	3,040	...	...	13.8	...	...
8 or more rooms	5,565	...	...	25.3	...	...
Average number of rooms per dwelling	6.2	...	...	6.2	...	...
Total - Private households by number of persons per room - 25% sample data⁵⁴	21,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
One person or fewer per room	21,795	...	...	99.3	...	...
More than one person per room	155	...	...	0.7	...	...
Total - Private households by housing suitability - 25% sample data⁵⁵	21,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Suitable	21,430	...	...	97.6	...	...
Not suitable	520	...	...	2.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by period of construction - 25% sample data⁵⁶	21,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
1960 or before	2,125	...	...	9.7	...	...
1961 to 1980	5,675	...	...	25.8	...	...
1981 to 1990	3,135	...	...	14.3	...	...
1991 to 2000	4,800	...	...	21.9	...	...
2001 to 2005	1,485	...	...	6.8	...	...
2006 to 2010	2,025	...	...	9.2	...	...
2011 to 2015	1,080	...	...	4.9	...	...
2016 to 2021⁵⁷	1,625	...	...	7.4	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by dwelling condition - 25% sample data⁵⁸	21,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
Only regular maintenance and minor repairs needed	20,935	...	...	95.4	...	...
Major repairs needed	1,020	...	...	4.6	...	...
Total - Private households by number of household maintainers - 25% sample data⁵⁹	21,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
One-maintainer household	10,845	...	...	49.4	...	...
Two-maintainer household	10,230	...	...	46.6	...	...
Three-or-more-maintainer household	875	...	...	4.0	...	...
Total - Private households by age of primary household maintainers - 25% sample data⁶⁰	21,955	...	...	100.0	...	...
15 to 24 years	415	...	...	1.9	...	...
25 to 34 years	2,130	...	...	9.7	...	...
35 to 44 years	3,010	...	...	13.7	...	...
45 to 54 years	3,115	...	...	14.2	...	...
55 to 64 years	4,495	...	...	20.5	...	...
65 to 74 years	4,710	...	...	21.5	...	...
75 to 84 years	3,025	...	...	13.8	...	...
85 years and over	1,055	...	...	4.8	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings by shelter-cost-to-income ratio - 25% sample data⁶¹	21,790	...	...	100.0	...	...
Spending less than 30% of income on shelter costs	17,180	...	...	78.8	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs	4,615	...	...	21.2	...	...
30% to less than 100%	4,285	...	...	19.7	...	...
Total - Occupied private dwellings by housing indicators - 25% sample data⁶²	21,950	...	...	100.0	...	...
Total - Households 'spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' or 'not suitable' or 'major repairs needed'	5,705	...	...	26.0	...	...
Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs only	4,220	...	...	19.2	...	...
Not suitable only	390	...	...	1.8	...	...
Major repairs needed only	655	...	...	3.0	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable'	80	...	...	0.4	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'major repairs needed'	315	...	...	1.4	...	...
'Not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	45	...	...	0.2	...	...
'Spending 30% or more of income on shelter costs' and 'not suitable' and 'major repairs needed'	0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Acceptable housing	16,245	...	...	74.0	...	...
Total - Owner and tenant households with household total income greater than zero and shelter-cost-to-income ratio less than 100%, in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data⁶³	21,460	...	...	100.0	...	...
In core need	1,965	...	...	9.2	...	...
Not in core need	19,500	...	...	90.9	...	...
Total - Owner households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	16,295	...	...	...	...	...
% of owner households with a mortgage⁶⁴	53.1	...	...	53.1	...	...
% of owner households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	14.6	...	...	14.6	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	4.6	...	...	4.6	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	960	...	...	960	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for owned dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,240	...	...	1,240	...	...
Median value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	600,000	...	...	600,000	...	...
Average value of dwellings ($)⁶⁶	645,000	...	...	645,000	...	...
Total - Tenant households in non-farm, non-reserve private dwellings - 25% sample data	5,530	...	...	...	...	...
% of tenant households in subsidized housing⁶⁷	11.8	...	...	11.8	...	...
% of tenant households spending 30% or more of its income on shelter costs⁶¹	40.5	...	...	40.5	...	...
% in core housing need⁶³	22.7	...	...	22.7	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,210	...	...	1,210	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for rented dwellings ($)⁶⁵	1,266	...	...	1,266	...	...
Total - Households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band in non-farm private dwellings - 25% sample data	30	...	...	...	...	...
% of households living in a dwelling provided by the local government, First Nation or Indian band spending more than 30% on shelter costs⁶¹	0.0	...	...	0.0	...	...
Median monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Average monthly shelter costs for dwellings provided by local government, First Nation or Indian band ($)⁶⁵	440	...	...	440	...	...
Indigenous ancestry
Total - Indigenous ancestry for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁶⁸	47,785	22,760	25,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Indigenous ancestry (only)⁶⁹	950	495	460	2.0	2.2	1.8
Single Indigenous ancestry (only)⁷⁰	935	480	455	2.0	2.1	1.8
First Nations (North American Indian) single ancestry	670	365	310	1.4	1.6	1.2
Métis single ancestry	245	120	125	0.5	0.5	0.5
Inuit single ancestry	20	0	20	0.0	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous ancestries (only)⁷¹	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis ancestry only	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷²	2,945	1,295	1,655	6.2	5.7	6.6
Single Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷³	2,870	1,250	1,620	6.0	5.5	6.5
First Nations (North American Indian) and non-Indigenous ancestry only	1,935	830	1,105	4.0	3.6	4.4
Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	910	420	490	1.9	1.8	2.0
Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Multiple Indigenous and non-Indigenous ancestries⁷⁴	70	40	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and non-Indigenous ancestry only	70	40	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
First Nations (North American Indian) and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
First Nations (North American Indian) and Métis and Inuit and non-Indigenous ancestry only	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous ancestry only⁷⁵	43,885	20,975	22,910	91.8	92.2	91.5
Citizenship
Total - Citizenship for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁶	47,785	22,760	25,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian citizens⁷⁷	45,910	21,980	23,930	96.1	96.6	95.6
Canadian citizens aged under 18	7,755	3,980	3,775	16.2	17.5	15.1
Canadian citizens aged 18 and over	38,155	18,000	20,155	79.8	79.1	80.5
Not Canadian citizens⁷⁸	1,875	785	1,090	3.9	3.4	4.4
Immigrant status and period of immigration
Total - Immigrant status and period of immigration for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁷⁹	47,785	22,760	25,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-immigrants⁸⁰	41,085	19,755	21,330	86.0	86.8	85.2
Immigrants⁸¹	6,195	2,805	3,390	13.0	12.3	13.5
Before 1980	3,120	1,380	1,740	6.5	6.1	7.0
1980 to 1990	695	305	395	1.5	1.3	1.6
1991 to 2000	595	285	310	1.2	1.3	1.2
2001 to 2010	750	335	410	1.6	1.5	1.6
2011 to 2021⁸²	1,035	500	535	2.2	2.2	2.1
2011 to 2015	445	190	250	0.9	0.8	1.0
2016 to 2021	595	310	285	1.2	1.4	1.1
Non-permanent residents⁸³	510	205	300	1.1	0.9	1.2
Age at immigration
Total - Age at immigration for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁴	6,195	2,810	3,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Under 5 years	845	405	440	13.6	14.4	13.0
5 to 14 years	1,140	575	565	18.4	20.5	16.7
15 to 24 years	1,370	570	800	22.1	20.3	23.6
25 to 44 years	2,485	1,105	1,375	40.1	39.3	40.6
45 years and over	360	150	210	5.8	5.3	6.2
Selected places of birth for the immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁸⁵	6,195	2,810	3,390	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	875	310	565	14.1	11.0	16.7
Brazil	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
El Salvador	15	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Guyana	10	0	10	0.2	0.0	0.3
Haiti	10	0	0	0.2	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	25	10	10	0.4	0.4	0.3
Mexico	40	0	40	0.6	0.0	1.2
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Trinidad and Tobago	15	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
United States of America	615	205	415	9.9	7.3	12.2
Other places of birth in Americas	120	50	65	1.9	1.8	1.9
Europe	3,655	1,765	1,885	59.0	62.8	55.6
Bosnia and Herzegovina	15	10	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
Croatia	15	10	10	0.2	0.4	0.3
France	140	70	70	2.3	2.5	2.1
Germany	470	185	285	7.6	6.6	8.4
Greece	25	10	15	0.4	0.4	0.4
Hungary	20	15	10	0.3	0.5	0.3
Italy	95	50	45	1.5	1.8	1.3
Netherlands	160	60	100	2.6	2.1	2.9
Poland	65	30	35	1.0	1.1	1.0
Portugal	35	25	10	0.6	0.9	0.3
Romania	35	30	0	0.6	1.1	0.0
Russian Federation	15	10	10	0.2	0.4	0.3
Serbia⁸⁶	25	15	15	0.4	0.5	0.4
Ukraine	30	0	25	0.5	0.0	0.7
United Kingdom⁸⁷	2,085	1,020	1,065	33.7	36.3	31.4
Other places of birth in Europe	415	225	195	6.7	8.0	5.8
Africa	230	110	115	3.7	3.9	3.4
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	30	10	20	0.5	0.4	0.6
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	90	35	50	1.5	1.2	1.5
Other places of birth in Africa	75	45	35	1.2	1.6	1.0
Asia	1,270	535	735	20.5	19.0	21.7
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iran⁸⁸	20	10	10	0.3	0.4	0.3
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	40	15	25	0.6	0.5	0.7
Turkey	20	15	0	0.3	0.5	0.0
China⁹⁰	85	50	40	1.4	1.8	1.2
Hong Kong⁹¹	35	20	15	0.6	0.7	0.4
Korea, South⁹²	115	50	60	1.9	1.8	1.8
Taiwan	30	15	10	0.5	0.5	0.3
Philippines	380	125	255	6.1	4.4	7.5
Viet Nam	205	105	100	3.3	3.7	2.9
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	160	75	80	2.6	2.7	2.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	25	15	10	0.4	0.5	0.3
Other places of birth in Asia	155	40	115	2.5	1.4	3.4
Oceania and other places of birth⁹³	170	85	90	2.7	3.0	2.7
Selected places of birth for the recent immigrant population
Total - Place of birth for the recent immigrant population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁴	595	310	280	100.0	100.0	100.0
Americas	100	65	35	16.8	21.0	12.5
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexico	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United States of America	55	35	20	9.2	11.3	7.1
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Americas	40	20	15	6.7	6.5	5.4
Europe	155	100	55	26.1	32.3	19.6
France	25	20	10	4.2	6.5	3.6
Germany	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.6
Ireland⁹⁶	15	15	0	2.5	4.8	0.0
Italy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian Federation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.6
United Kingdom⁸⁷	55	35	25	9.2	11.3	8.9
Other places of birth in Europe	35	30	10	5.9	9.7	3.6
Africa	60	30	30	10.1	9.7	10.7
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burundi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Côte d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrea	20	10	10	3.4	3.2	3.6
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nigeria	15	10	15	2.5	3.2	5.4
Somalia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	15	10	0	2.5	3.2	0.0
Sudan⁹⁷	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other places of birth in Africa	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.6
Asia	245	105	145	41.2	33.9	51.8
Afghanistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	15	10	10	2.5	3.2	3.6
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	75	40	30	12.6	12.9	10.7
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	10	0	10	1.7	0.0	3.6
Jordan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Korea, South⁹²	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepal	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Philippines	85	20	60	14.3	6.5	21.4
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Arab Emirates	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Viet Nam	25	10	15	4.2	3.2	5.4
Other places of birth in Asia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oceania and other⁹³	30	10	15	5.0	3.2	5.4
Australia	30	10	15	5.0	3.2	5.4
Other places of birth⁹⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Generation status
Total - Generation status for the population in private households - 25% sample data⁹⁹	47,785	22,765	25,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
First generation¹⁰⁰	7,450	3,400	4,045	15.6	14.9	16.2
Second generation¹⁰¹	8,900	4,250	4,645	18.6	18.7	18.6
Third generation or more¹⁰²	31,440	15,110	16,335	65.8	66.4	65.3
Admission category and applicant type
Total - Admission category and applicant type for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁰³	3,075	1,425	1,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Economic immigrants¹⁰⁴	1,615	785	835	52.5	55.1	50.6
Principal applicants¹⁰⁵	740	345	395	24.1	24.2	23.9
Secondary applicants¹⁰⁶	875	440	440	28.5	30.9	26.7
Immigrants sponsored by family¹⁰⁷	1,110	450	665	36.1	31.6	40.3
Refugees¹⁰⁸	325	180	140	10.6	12.6	8.5
Other immigrants¹⁰⁹	20	10	15	0.7	0.7	0.9
Pre-admission experience
Total - Pre-admission experience for the immigrant population in private households who were admitted between 1980 and 2021 - 25% sample data¹¹⁰	3,075	1,425	1,650	100.0	100.0	100.0
Asylum claim before admission¹¹¹	55	25	30	1.8	1.8	1.8
Work permits only before admission¹¹²	690	295	395	22.4	20.7	23.9
Study permits only before admission¹¹³	105	45	60	3.4	3.2	3.6
Work and study permits before admission¹¹⁴	185	80	105	6.0	5.6	6.4
Other permits before admission¹¹⁵	30	0	25	1.0	0.0	1.5
No pre-admission experience¹¹⁶	2,015	980	1,040	65.5	68.8	63.0
Visible minority
Total - Visible minority for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹¹⁷	47,785	22,765	25,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Total visible minority population¹¹⁸	3,210	1,465	1,750	6.7	6.4	7.0
South Asian	590	290	300	1.2	1.3	1.2
Chinese	510	245	265	1.1	1.1	1.1
Black	345	195	150	0.7	0.9	0.6
Filipino	550	210	340	1.2	0.9	1.4
Arab	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Latin American	160	70	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
Southeast Asian	335	145	190	0.7	0.6	0.8
West Asian	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Korean	170	80	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Japanese	225	80	145	0.5	0.4	0.6
Visible minority, n.i.e.¹¹⁹	90	40	45	0.2	0.2	0.2
Multiple visible minorities	140	60	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Not a visible minority¹²⁰	44,575	21,300	23,275	93.3	93.6	93.0
Ethnic or cultural origin
Total - Ethnic or cultural origin for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹²¹	47,785	22,760	25,025	100.0	100.0	100.0
Canadian	6,015	3,045	2,970	12.6	13.4	11.9
English	16,105	7,640	8,470	33.7	33.6	33.8
Irish	9,340	4,165	5,170	19.5	18.3	20.7
Scottish	12,750	5,880	6,870	26.7	25.8	27.5
French, n.o.s.¹²²	4,840	2,250	2,590	10.1	9.9	10.3
German	6,590	3,085	3,500	13.8	13.6	14.0
Chinese	605	265	340	1.3	1.2	1.4
Italian	1,550	715	840	3.2	3.1	3.4
Indian (India)	435	200	235	0.9	0.9	0.9
Ukrainian	2,555	1,160	1,395	5.3	5.1	5.6
Dutch	2,325	1,095	1,235	4.9	4.8	4.9
Polish	1,505	665	845	3.1	2.9	3.4
Québécois	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
British Isles, n.o.s.¹²³	3,080	1,440	1,635	6.4	6.3	6.5
Filipino	540	215	320	1.1	0.9	1.3
French Canadian	670	305	370	1.4	1.3	1.5
Caucasian (White), n.o.s.¹²⁴	1,025	500	525	2.1	2.2	2.1
First Nations (North American Indian), n.o.s.¹²⁵	1,235	550	690	2.6	2.4	2.8
Métis	1,240	585	655	2.6	2.6	2.6
European, n.o.s.¹²⁶	1,295	655	645	2.7	2.9	2.6
Russian	870	400	475	1.8	1.8	1.9
Norwegian	1,925	925	1,005	4.0	4.1	4.0
Welsh	1,800	910	890	3.8	4.0	3.6
Portuguese	290	145	140	0.6	0.6	0.6
American	970	435	540	2.0	1.9	2.2
Spanish	285	115	170	0.6	0.5	0.7
Swedish	1,410	690	725	3.0	3.0	2.9
Hungarian	490	230	260	1.0	1.0	1.0
Acadian	155	75	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Pakistani	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
African, n.o.s.¹²⁷	145	70	75	0.3	0.3	0.3
Jewish	260	105	160	0.5	0.5	0.6
Punjabi	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Vietnamese	225	115	105	0.5	0.5	0.4
Arab, n.o.s.¹²⁸	90	35	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Greek	220	80	135	0.5	0.4	0.5
Jamaican	40	30	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asian, n.o.s.¹²⁹	80	40	35	0.2	0.2	0.1
Cree, n.o.s.¹³⁰	285	125	160	0.6	0.5	0.6
Korean	150	65	85	0.3	0.3	0.3
Romanian	270	140	125	0.6	0.6	0.5
Lebanese	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Iranian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Christian, n.i.e.¹³¹	90	45	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Danish	740	305	430	1.5	1.3	1.7
North American Indigenous, n.o.s.¹³²	280	135	150	0.6	0.6	0.6
Sikh	40	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Austrian	590	300	290	1.2	1.3	1.2
Belgian	290	135	155	0.6	0.6	0.6
Haitian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hindu	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mexican	135	55	80	0.3	0.2	0.3
Mennonite	170	85	85	0.4	0.4	0.3
Swiss	355	150	205	0.7	0.7	0.8
Finnish	485	205	280	1.0	0.9	1.1
Sri Lankan	70	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
Croatian	115	60	45	0.2	0.3	0.2
Japanese	270	95	175	0.6	0.4	0.7
South Asian, n.o.s.¹³³	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq, n.o.s.¹³⁴	135	85	45	0.3	0.4	0.2
Northern European, n.o.s.¹³⁵	375	140	230	0.8	0.6	0.9
Muslim	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egyptian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latin, Central or South American, n.o.s.¹³⁶	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	495	235	260	1.0	1.0	1.0
Colombian	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Moroccan	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	215	110	105	0.4	0.5	0.4
Syrian	30	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Guyanese	20	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afghan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Black, n.o.s.¹³⁷	40	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Serbian	55	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Ojibway	60	35	25	0.1	0.2	0.1
Newfoundlander	70	25	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hong Konger	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ontarian	45	30	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Persian	45	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Trinidadian/Tobagonian	45	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Turkish	45	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Inuit, n.o.s.¹³⁸	50	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Bangladeshi	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Algerian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazilian	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Nigerian	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Armenian	30	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Slovak	75	35	40	0.2	0.2	0.2
Eastern European, n.o.s.¹³⁹	90	30	55	0.2	0.1	0.2
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Taiwanese	35	25	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Iraqi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salvadorean	35	15	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
African Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
East or Southeast Asian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁰	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
West or Central Asian or Middle Eastern, n.o.s.¹⁴¹	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Caribbean, n.o.s.¹⁴²	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algonquin	35	10	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
West Indian, n.o.s.¹⁴³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	150	60	90	0.3	0.3	0.4
South African	125	70	55	0.3	0.3	0.2
Australian	280	125	150	0.6	0.5	0.6
Palestinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chilean	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Congolese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nova Scotian	45	10	35	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ethiopian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hispanic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁴	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Peruvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cambodian (Khmer)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Albanian	35	20	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Maltese	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovenian	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Western European, n.o.s.¹⁴⁵	65	35	30	0.1	0.2	0.1
New Brunswicker	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eritrean	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African Canadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israeli	25	10	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Mohawk	35	20	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Czechoslovakian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁶	70	35	35	0.1	0.2	0.1
Bulgarian	50	30	20	0.1	0.1	0.1
Albertan	65	20	45	0.1	0.1	0.2
Ghanaian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Barbadian	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
African American	45	25	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Yugoslavian, n.o.s.¹⁴⁷	120	70	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
Tunisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic, n.o.s.¹⁴⁸	25	20	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cuban	15	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuelan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu/Montagnais, n.o.s.¹⁴⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	55	10	40	0.1	0.0	0.2
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cameroonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guatemalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	50	15	35	0.1	0.1	0.1
Laotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Irish	70	20	50	0.1	0.1	0.2
Celtic, n.o.s.¹⁵⁰	100	50	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
British Columbian	365	195	170	0.8	0.9	0.7
Ecuadorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Franco Ontarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Argentinian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fijian	15	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jatt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North American, n.o.s.¹⁵¹	30	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Dominican	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	20	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	35	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Byelorussian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.¹⁵²	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot, n.o.s.¹⁵³	20	15	10	0.0	0.1	0.0
Abenaki	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldovan	15	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquois (Haudenosaunee), n.o.s.¹⁵⁴	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
New Zealander	115	55	60	0.2	0.2	0.2
Sudanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Breton	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania Dutch	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Malaysian	30	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Plains Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
North African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Huron (Wendat)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saskatchewanian	50	10	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
Buddhist	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gaspesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norman	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern or East African, n.o.s.¹⁵⁶	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ivorian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteaux	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabe, n.o.s.¹⁵⁷	20	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
Burundian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrinya	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nicaraguan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mauritian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kenyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vincentian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jordanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Manitoban	20	15	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Cape Bretoner	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rwandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Grenadian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhalese	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mayan	25	10	20	0.1	0.0	0.1
Honduran	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.0
Cherokee	95	45	50	0.2	0.2	0.2
Qalipu Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Caribbean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Flemish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
United Empire Loyalist	10	10	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Senegalese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sicilian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Goan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bantu, n.o.s.¹⁵⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Zimbabwean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mongolian	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azorean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bamileke	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Guyanese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ugandan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tanzanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yemeni	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central African	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Libyan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Basque	25	0	25	0.1	0.0	0.1
Uruguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan, n.o.s.¹⁵⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Central or West African, n.o.s.¹⁶⁰	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igorot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Woodland Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Guinean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
St. Lucian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Prince Edward Islander	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Maliseet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Beninese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Roma	15	10	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
Costa Rican	15	0	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
African Nova Scotian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kashmiri	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Singaporean	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tajik	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amhara	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Paraguayan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Religion
Total - Religion for the population in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶¹	47,785	22,765	25,020	100.0	100.0	100.0
Buddhist	205	65	135	0.4	0.3	0.5
Christian	17,070	7,370	9,700	35.7	32.4	38.8
Christian, n.o.s.¹⁶²	3,220	1,470	1,755	6.7	6.5	7.0
Anabaptist	55	30	25	0.1	0.1	0.1
Anglican	2,560	1,050	1,510	5.4	4.6	6.0
Baptist	615	245	370	1.3	1.1	1.5
Catholic	5,290	2,355	2,935	11.1	10.3	11.7
Christian Orthodox	185	90	90	0.4	0.4	0.4
Jehovah's Witness	240	125	115	0.5	0.5	0.5
Latter Day Saints	115	45	65	0.2	0.2	0.3
Lutheran	575	250	325	1.2	1.1	1.3
Methodist and Wesleyan (Holiness)	105	50	55	0.2	0.2	0.2
Pentecostal and other Charismatic	455	215	245	1.0	0.9	1.0
Presbyterian	360	150	210	0.8	0.7	0.8
Reformed	20	10	15	0.0	0.0	0.1
United Church	2,395	945	1,455	5.0	4.2	5.8
Other Christian and Christian-related traditions	880	350	535	1.8	1.5	2.1
Hindu	145	80	65	0.3	0.4	0.3
Jewish	110	40	80	0.2	0.2	0.3
Muslim	150	65	80	0.3	0.3	0.3
Sikh	215	95	120	0.4	0.4	0.5
Traditional (North American Indigenous) spirituality	85	30	50	0.2	0.1	0.2
Other religions and spiritual traditions	745	230	520	1.6	1.0	2.1
No religion and secular perspectives	29,055	14,785	14,265	60.8	64.9	57.0
Mobility status 1 year ago
Total - Mobility status 1 year ago - 25% sample data¹⁶³	47,425	22,595	24,835	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	41,115	19,535	21,575	86.7	86.5	86.9
Movers	6,315	3,055	3,260	13.3	13.5	13.1
Non-migrants	2,775	1,355	1,420	5.9	6.0	5.7
Migrants	3,540	1,700	1,840	7.5	7.5	7.4
Internal migrants	3,300	1,615	1,690	7.0	7.1	6.8
Intraprovincial migrants	2,395	1,170	1,225	5.1	5.2	4.9
Interprovincial migrants	910	445	465	1.9	2.0	1.9
External migrants	235	85	150	0.5	0.4	0.6
Mobility status 5 years ago
Total - Mobility status 5 years ago - 25% sample data¹⁶⁴	45,960	21,840	24,120	100.0	100.0	100.0
Non-movers	24,550	11,690	12,860	53.4	53.5	53.3
Movers	21,410	10,150	11,265	46.6	46.5	46.7
Non-migrants	5,165	2,425	2,740	11.2	11.1	11.4
Migrants	16,250	7,725	8,525	35.4	35.4	35.3
Internal migrants	15,115	7,195	7,925	32.9	32.9	32.9
Intraprovincial migrants	11,420	5,410	6,010	24.8	24.8	24.9
Interprovincial migrants	3,700	1,785	1,915	8.1	8.2	7.9
External migrants	1,130	535	600	2.5	2.4	2.5
Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,260	19,415	21,850	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	6,390	3,355	3,040	15.5	17.3	13.9
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	34,865	16,055	18,810	84.5	82.7	86.1
Total - Secondary (high) school diploma or equivalency certificate for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,320	10,940	12,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No high school diploma or equivalency certificate	2,465	1,440	1,030	10.6	13.2	8.3
With high school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁶	20,850	9,500	11,350	89.4	86.8	91.7
Highest certificate, diploma or degree
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	41,260	19,415	21,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	5,375	2,750	2,615	13.0	14.2	12.0
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	12,825	6,180	6,650	31.1	31.8	30.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	23,065	10,480	12,585	55.9	54.0	57.6
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	13,935	6,600	7,330	33.8	34.0	33.6
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	3,925	2,830	1,095	9.5	14.6	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,725	985	740	4.2	5.1	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	2,205	1,845	355	5.3	9.5	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	8,705	3,305	5,405	21.1	17.0	24.7
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	1,300	465	835	3.2	2.4	3.8
Bachelor's degree or higher	9,135	3,880	5,250	22.1	20.0	24.0
Bachelor's degree	5,650	2,320	3,330	13.7	11.9	15.2
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	720	275	445	1.7	1.4	2.0
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	340	185	150	0.8	1.0	0.7
Master's degree	2,175	945	1,235	5.3	4.9	5.7
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	250	160	90	0.6	0.8	0.4
Total - Highest certificate, diploma or degree for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁶⁵	23,315	10,940	12,375	100.0	100.0	100.0
No certificate, diploma or degree	1,965	1,140	825	8.4	10.4	6.7
High (secondary) school diploma or equivalency certificate¹⁶⁷	6,735	3,340	3,395	28.9	30.5	27.4
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	14,620	6,465	8,160	62.7	59.1	65.9
Postsecondary certificate or diploma below bachelor level	8,645	4,075	4,565	37.1	37.2	36.9
Apprenticeship or trades certificate or diploma	2,330	1,710	620	10.0	15.6	5.0
Non-apprenticeship trades certificate or diploma¹⁶⁸	1,065	645	420	4.6	5.9	3.4
Apprenticeship certificate¹⁶⁹	1,270	1,070	195	5.4	9.8	1.6
College, CEGEP or other non-university certificate or diploma¹⁷⁰	5,475	2,065	3,415	23.5	18.9	27.6
University certificate or diploma below bachelor level	830	300	535	3.6	2.7	4.3
Bachelor's degree or higher	5,980	2,390	3,590	25.6	21.8	29.0
Bachelor's degree	3,820	1,520	2,305	16.4	13.9	18.6
University certificate or diploma above bachelor level	425	140	290	1.8	1.3	2.3
Degree in medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine or optometry	240	115	125	1.0	1.1	1.0
Master's degree	1,385	565	815	5.9	5.2	6.6
Earned doctorate¹⁷¹	110	45	60	0.5	0.4	0.5
Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 15 years and over in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	41,265	19,410	21,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	18,200	8,935	9,265	44.1	46.0	42.4
Education	2,140	585	1,560	5.2	3.0	7.1
13. Education	2,140	585	1,560	5.2	3.0	7.1
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	860	340	525	2.1	1.8	2.4
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	70	65	10	0.2	0.3	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	790	275	520	1.9	1.4	2.4
Humanities	1,030	420	600	2.5	2.2	2.7
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	70	15	55	0.2	0.1	0.3
23. English language and literature/letters	310	80	235	0.8	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	235	100	135	0.6	0.5	0.6
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	65	20	45	0.2	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	70	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
39. Theology and religious vocations	85	55	35	0.2	0.3	0.2
54. History	165	100	65	0.4	0.5	0.3
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	25	10	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Social and behavioural sciences and law	2,195	765	1,430	5.3	3.9	6.5
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.1
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	190	90	100	0.5	0.5	0.5
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	400	25	375	1.0	0.1	1.7
22. Legal professions and studies	265	75	195	0.6	0.4	0.9
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	10	30	0.1	0.1	0.1
42. Psychology	430	105	320	1.0	0.5	1.5
45. Social sciences	830	445	385	2.0	2.3	1.8
Business, management and public administration	4,230	1,420	2,805	10.3	7.3	12.8
30.16 Accounting and computer science	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	450	85	365	1.1	0.4	1.7
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	3,770	1,330	2,440	9.1	6.9	11.2
Physical and life sciences and technologies	900	500	400	2.2	2.6	1.8
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	395	165	230	1.0	0.9	1.1
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	145	95	50	0.4	0.5	0.2
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
40. Physical sciences	285	215	70	0.7	1.1	0.3
41. Science technologies/technicians	60	25	35	0.1	0.1	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	475	255	220	1.2	1.3	1.0
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	315	205	110	0.8	1.1	0.5
25. Library science	80	0	80	0.2	0.0	0.4
27. Mathematics and statistics	70	50	25	0.2	0.3	0.1
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	4,265	3,930	340	10.3	20.2	1.6
04. Architecture and related services	115	60	50	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	595	515	80	1.4	2.7	0.4
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	850	755	95	2.1	3.9	0.4
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	1,155	1,120	40	2.8	5.8	0.2
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	1,130	1,085	45	2.7	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	425	390	30	1.0	2.0	0.1
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	845	475	365	2.0	2.4	1.7
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	440	190	255	1.1	1.0	1.2
03. Natural resources and conservation	405	290	110	1.0	1.5	0.5
Health and related fields	4,330	740	3,580	10.5	3.8	16.4
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	265	120	145	0.6	0.6	0.7
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	3,955	555	3,395	9.6	2.9	15.5
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.0
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	95	70	25	0.2	0.4	0.1
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,795	1,045	750	4.3	5.4	3.4
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	985	360	620	2.4	1.9	2.8
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	75	65	15	0.2	0.3	0.1
43. Security and protective services	255	175	80	0.6	0.9	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	470	435	40	1.1	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Total - Major field of study - Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) 2021 for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁷²	23,315	10,940	12,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁷³	8,700	4,480	4,220	37.3	41.0	34.1
Education	1,040	280	765	4.5	2.6	6.2
13. Education	1,040	280	765	4.5	2.6	6.2
Visual and performing arts, and communications technologies	635	250	385	2.7	2.3	3.1
10. Communications technologies/technicians and support services	45	40	0	0.2	0.4	0.0
50. Visual and performing arts	590	210	380	2.5	1.9	3.1
Humanities	600	225	370	2.6	2.1	3.0
16. Indigenous and foreign languages, literatures, and linguistics	40	10	30	0.2	0.1	0.2
23. English language and literature/letters	170	40	130	0.7	0.4	1.1
24. Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities	135	45	85	0.6	0.4	0.7
30A Interdisciplinary humanities¹⁷⁴	30	10	25	0.1	0.1	0.2
38. Philosophy and religious studies	65	40	20	0.3	0.4	0.2
39. Theology and religious vocations	40	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
54. History	100	60	45	0.4	0.5	0.4
55. French language and literature/lettersCAN	30	10	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Social and behavioural sciences and law	1,420	420	1,000	6.1	3.8	8.1
05. Area, ethnic, cultural, gender, and group studies	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
09. Communication, journalism and related programs	145	60	80	0.6	0.5	0.6
19. Family and consumer sciences/human sciences	255	20	240	1.1	0.2	1.9
22. Legal professions and studies	160	30	135	0.7	0.3	1.1
30B Interdisciplinary social and behavioural sciences¹⁷⁵	40	15	25	0.2	0.1	0.2
42. Psychology	280	50	230	1.2	0.5	1.9
45. Social sciences	515	250	270	2.2	2.3	2.2
Business, management and public administration	2,850	930	1,920	12.2	8.5	15.5
30.16 Accounting and computer science	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
44. Public administration and social service professions	310	50	265	1.3	0.5	2.1
52. Business, management, marketing and related support services	2,530	880	1,650	10.9	8.0	13.3
Physical and life sciences and technologies	605	320	285	2.6	2.9	2.3
26. Biological and biomedical sciences	275	115	160	1.2	1.1	1.3
30.01 Biological and physical sciences	90	60	35	0.4	0.5	0.3
30C Other interdisciplinary physical and life sciences¹⁷⁶	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
40. Physical sciences	180	125	55	0.8	1.1	0.4
41. Science technologies/technicians	35	20	25	0.2	0.2	0.2
Mathematics, computer and information sciences	305	200	110	1.3	1.8	0.9
11. Computer and information sciences and support services	235	165	70	1.0	1.5	0.6
25. Library science	20	0	20	0.1	0.0	0.2
27. Mathematics and statistics	40	20	20	0.2	0.2	0.2
30D Interdisciplinary mathematics, computer and information sciences¹⁷⁷	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Architecture, engineering, and related trades	2,545	2,310	240	10.9	21.1	1.9
04. Architecture and related services	65	35	30	0.3	0.3	0.2
14. Engineering	390	325	70	1.7	3.0	0.6
15. Engineering/engineering-related technologies/technicians	490	430	60	2.1	3.9	0.5
30.12 Historic preservation and conservation	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
46. Construction trades	720	690	35	3.1	6.3	0.3
47. Mechanic and repair technologies/technicians	640	610	25	2.7	5.6	0.2
48. Precision production	240	220	20	1.0	2.0	0.2
Agriculture, natural resources and conservation	625	335	290	2.7	3.1	2.3
01. Agricultural and veterinary sciences/services/operations and related fields¹⁷⁸	320	120	200	1.4	1.1	1.6
03. Natural resources and conservation	310	220	90	1.3	2.0	0.7
Health and related fields	2,850	550	2,295	12.2	5.0	18.5
30.37 Design for human health	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
31. Parks, recreation, leisure, fitness, and kinesiology	190	85	110	0.8	0.8	0.9
51. Health professions and related programs¹⁷⁸	2,570	415	2,155	11.0	3.8	17.4
60. Health professions residency/fellowship programs	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
61. Medical residency/fellowship programs	80	55	20	0.3	0.5	0.2
Personal, protective and transportation services	1,140	645	495	4.9	5.9	4.0
12. Culinary, entertainment, and personal services	660	250	415	2.8	2.3	3.4
28. Military science, leadership and operational art	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
29. Military technologies and applied sciences	20	20	0	0.1	0.2	0.0
43. Security and protective services	180	125	55	0.8	1.1	0.4
49. Transportation and materials moving	275	245	30	1.2	2.2	0.2
Other¹⁷⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Location of study compared with province or territory of residence
Total - Location of study compared with province or territory of residence for the population aged 25 to 64 years in private households - 25% sample data¹⁸⁰	23,315	10,940	12,380	100.0	100.0	100.0
No postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree	8,700	4,480	4,220	37.3	41.0	34.1
Postsecondary certificate, diploma or degree¹⁸¹	14,625	6,460	8,160	62.7	59.0	65.9
Location of study inside Canada	12,950	5,670	7,280	55.5	51.8	58.8
Same as province or territory of residence	8,760	3,785	4,980	37.6	34.6	40.2
Different than province or territory of residence	4,190	1,890	2,305	18.0	17.3	18.6
Location of study outside Canada¹⁸²	1,665	790	875	7.1	7.2	7.1
Americas	420	210	205	1.8	1.9	1.7
United States of America	375	185	190	1.6	1.7	1.5
Mexico	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cuba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haiti	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaica	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Brazil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Colombia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Peru	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Venezuela⁹⁵	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Americas	25	15	15	0.1	0.1	0.1
Europe	570	305	265	2.4	2.8	2.1
Belgium	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
France	35	25	15	0.2	0.2	0.1
Germany	55	25	30	0.2	0.2	0.2
Netherlands	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Switzerland	30	15	20	0.1	0.1	0.2
Hungary	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Moldova¹⁸³	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Poland	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romania	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Russian Federation	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukraine	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Ireland⁹⁶	25	10	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
United Kingdom⁸⁷	300	170	135	1.3	1.6	1.1
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italy	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Serbia⁸⁶	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Other locations of study in Europe	45	30	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
Africa	60	35	25	0.3	0.3	0.2
Nigeria	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Algeria	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morocco	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tunisia	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Egypt	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
South Africa, Republic of	25	15	10	0.1	0.1	0.1
Other locations of study in Africa	20	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Asia	510	195	315	2.2	1.8	2.5
Iran⁸⁸	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iraq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Israel	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lebanon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syria⁸⁹	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
China⁹⁰	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Taiwan	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Hong Kong⁹¹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japan	30	0	30	0.1	0.0	0.2
Korea, South⁹²	60	25	40	0.3	0.2	0.3
Philippines	185	60	130	0.8	0.5	1.1
Viet Nam	35	15	20	0.2	0.1	0.2
Bangladesh	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
India	115	60	50	0.5	0.5	0.4
Pakistan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other locations of study in Asia	15	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
Oceania	105	45	55	0.5	0.4	0.4
Australia	75	25	50	0.3	0.2	0.4
New Zealand	30	20	10	0.1	0.2	0.1
Other locations of study in Oceania	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Labour force status
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by labour force status - 25% sample data¹⁸⁴	41,260	19,415	21,850	...	...	...
In the labour force	22,380	11,165	11,215	...	...	...
Employed	20,545	10,225	10,330	...	...	...
Unemployed	1,830	940	890	...	...	...
Not in the labour force	18,885	8,250	10,635	...	...	...
Participation rate	54.2	57.5	51.3	54.2	57.5	51.3
Employment rate	49.8	52.7	47.3	49.8	52.7	47.3
Unemployment rate	8.2	8.4	7.9	8.2	8.4	7.9
Work activity during the reference year
Total - Population aged 15 years and over by work activity during the reference year - 25% sample data¹⁸⁵	41,265	19,410	21,845	100.0	100.0	100.0
Did not work¹⁸⁶	18,460	8,020	10,445	44.7	41.3	47.8
Worked	22,795	11,395	11,405	55.2	58.7	52.2
Worked full year full time¹⁸⁷	10,345	5,775	4,570	25.1	29.8	20.9
Worked part year and/or part time¹⁸⁸	12,450	5,625	6,835	30.2	29.0	31.3
Average weeks worked in reference year	40.2	40.7	39.6	40.2	40.7	39.6
Class of worker including job permanency
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by class of worker including job permanency - 25% sample data¹⁸⁹	22,380	11,165	11,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Class of worker - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	185	225	1.8	1.7	2.0
All classes of workers¹⁹¹	21,970	10,975	10,995	98.2	98.3	98.0
Employee	17,910	8,770	9,140	80.0	78.5	81.5
Permanent position	14,760	7,240	7,520	66.0	64.8	67.1
Temporary position	3,150	1,535	1,620	14.1	13.7	14.4
Fixed term (1 year or more)	935	510	425	4.2	4.6	3.8
Casual, seasonal or short-term position (less than 1 year)	2,220	1,025	1,195	9.9	9.2	10.7
Self-employed¹⁹²	4,060	2,205	1,850	18.1	19.7	16.5
Occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by occupation - Broad category - National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 - 25% sample data¹⁹³	22,380	11,165	11,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Occupation - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	185	225	1.8	1.7	2.0
All occupations¹⁹¹	21,970	10,975	10,995	98.2	98.3	98.0
0 Legislative and senior management occupations	155	90	60	0.7	0.8	0.5
1 Business, finance and administration occupations	2,800	760	2,040	12.5	6.8	18.2
2 Natural and applied sciences and related occupations	1,315	975	340	5.9	8.7	3.0
3 Health occupations	2,215	445	1,770	9.9	4.0	15.8
4 Occupations in education, law and social, community and government services	3,080	1,295	1,780	13.8	11.6	15.9
5 Occupations in art, culture, recreation and sport	825	330	490	3.7	3.0	4.4
6 Sales and service occupations	6,560	2,760	3,800	29.3	24.7	33.9
7 Trades, transport and equipment operators and related occupations	3,770	3,375	390	16.8	30.2	3.5
8 Natural resources, agriculture and related production occupations	765	580	185	3.4	5.2	1.6
9 Occupations in manufacturing and utilities	485	355	125	2.2	3.2	1.1
Industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017
Total - Labour force aged 15 years and over by industry - Sectors - North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁴	22,380	11,165	11,215	100.0	100.0	100.0
Industry - not applicable¹⁹⁰	405	185	225	1.8	1.7	2.0
All industries¹⁹¹	21,970	10,975	10,995	98.2	98.3	98.0
11 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting	715	465	250	3.2	4.2	2.2
21 Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction	210	200	10	0.9	1.8	0.1
22 Utilities	95	85	0	0.4	0.8	0.0
23 Construction	2,020	1,705	310	9.0	15.3	2.8
31-33 Manufacturing	645	445	200	2.9	4.0	1.8
41 Wholesale trade	370	270	95	1.7	2.4	0.8
44-45 Retail trade	3,385	1,625	1,760	15.1	14.6	15.7
48-49 Transportation and warehousing	795	580	215	3.6	5.2	1.9
51 Information and cultural industries	260	170	90	1.2	1.5	0.8
52 Finance and insurance	550	215	340	2.5	1.9	3.0
53 Real estate and rental and leasing	375	175	200	1.7	1.6	1.8
54 Professional, scientific and technical services	1,465	715	745	6.5	6.4	6.6
55 Management of companies and enterprises	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
56 Administrative and support, waste management and remediation services	935	570	370	4.2	5.1	3.3
61 Educational services	1,530	500	1,030	6.8	4.5	9.2
62 Health care and social assistance	3,320	585	2,735	14.8	5.2	24.4
71 Arts, entertainment and recreation	555	300	250	2.5	2.7	2.2
72 Accommodation and food services	1,805	725	1,085	8.1	6.5	9.7
81 Other services (except public administration)	850	330	525	3.8	3.0	4.7
91 Public administration	2,075	1,320	755	9.3	11.8	6.7
All languages used at work
Total - All languages used at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁵	24,445	12,170	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
English	23,720	11,810	11,905	97.0	97.0	97.0
French	75	20	55	0.3	0.2	0.4
Non-official language	40	30	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
Indigenous³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous	40	30	10	0.2	0.2	0.1
English and French	420	240	180	1.7	2.0	1.5
English and non-official language(s)	190	75	120	0.8	0.6	1.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Language used most often at work
Total - Language used most often at work for the population aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020, in private households, 2021 Census - 25% sample data¹⁹⁶	24,445	12,170	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
Single responses	24,385	12,135	12,250	99.8	99.7	99.8
Official languages	24,305	12,085	12,220	99.4	99.3	99.6
English	24,185	12,055	12,135	98.9	99.1	98.9
French	120	35	90	0.5	0.3	0.7
Non-official languages	80	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Indigenous languages³⁹	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Blackfoot	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree-Innu languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Atikamekw	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ililimowin (Moose Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inu Ayimun (Southern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iyiyiw-Ayimiwin (Northern East Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehinawewin (Swampy Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nehiyawewin (Plains Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nihithawiwin (Woods Cree)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cree, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Innu (Montagnais)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Naskapi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Eastern Algonquian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mi'kmaq	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolastoqewi (Malecite)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway-Potawatomi languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anicinabemowin (Algonquin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oji-Cree	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Anishinaabemowin (Chippewa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Daawaamwin (Odawa)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Saulteau (Western Ojibway)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ojibway, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Algonquian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Athabaskan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakelh (Carrier)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dane-zaa (Beaver)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dene, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gwich'in	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey-Hare languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Deh Gah Ghotie Zhatie (South Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Satuotine Yati (North Slavey)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavey, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tahltan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlicho (Dogrib)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tse'khene (Sekani)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsilhqot'in (Chilcotin)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsuu T'ina (Sarsi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Northern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Southern Tutchone	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tutchone, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wetsuwet'en-Babine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tlingit	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Athabaskan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun (Inuvialuktun)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuinnaqtun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuvialuktun	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktitut	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Inuktut (Inuit) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mohawk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oneida	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iroquoian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ktunaxa (Kutenai)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Michif	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Halkomelem	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lillooet	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ntlakapamux (Thompson)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Secwepemctsin (Shuswap)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Squamish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Straits	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Syilx (Okanagan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Salish languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assiniboine	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dakota	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Stoney	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Siouan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gitxsan (Gitksan)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nisga'a	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tsimshian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haisla	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Heiltsuk	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kwak'wala (Kwakiutl)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wakashan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indigenous languages, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Non-Indigenous languages	80	50	25	0.3	0.4	0.2
Afro-Asiatic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kabyle	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamazight	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Berber languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chadic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Coptic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bilen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Oromo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Somali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cushitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Amharic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Arabic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chaldean Neo-Aramaic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Aramaic, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hebrew	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tigrigna	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Semitic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Khmer (Cambodian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vietnamese	10	10	0	0.0	0.1	0.0
Austro-Asiatic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bikol	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bisaya, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Cebuano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hiligaynon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ilocano	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indonesian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kankanaey	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malagasy languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malay	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pampangan (Kapampangan, Pampango)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pangasinan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Austronesian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Haitian Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Jamaican English Creole	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Morisyen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Creole languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kannada	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Malayalam	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tamil	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Telugu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dravidian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Georgian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Albanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Armenian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Balto-Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Baltic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Latvian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lithuanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bulgarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Czech	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Macedonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Polish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Russian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bosnian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Croatian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Serbo-Croatian, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovak	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slovene (Slovenian)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ukrainian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Slavic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scottish Gaelic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Celtic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Frisian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
High German languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pennsylvania German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swiss German	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yiddish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon-Low Franconian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Afrikaans	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dutch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low German, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Low Saxon	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Plautdietsch	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Vlaams (Flemish)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Scandinavian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Danish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Icelandic	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Norwegian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swedish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Germanic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Greek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Bengali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Gujarati	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hindi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kacchi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Marathi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nepali	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Punjabi (Panjabi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sindhi	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sinhala (Sinhalese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Urdu	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Aryan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kurdish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Pashto	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dari	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian Persian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Persian (Farsi), n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-Iranian languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Catalan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Portuguese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Romanian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Spanish	10	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Italic (Romance) languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Indo-European languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Japanese	10	0	10	0.0	0.0	0.1
Korean	15	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Mongolian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Akan (Twi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Edo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Fulah (Pular, Pulaar, Fulfulde)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ga	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Ganda	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Igbo	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Kinyarwanda (Rwanda)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lingala	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Rundi (Kirundi)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Shona	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Swahili	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wolof	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yoruba	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Niger-Congo languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Dinka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Nilo-Saharan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
American Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Quebec Sign Language	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sign languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Chinese languages	25	15	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Hakka	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Mandarin	15	10	0	0.1	0.1	0.0
Min Dong	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Min Nan (Chaochow, Teochow, Fukien, Taiwanese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Wu (Shanghainese)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Yue (Cantonese)	15	0	0	0.1	0.0	0.0
Chinese, n.o.s.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Chinese languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Burmese	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
S'gaw Karen	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Karenic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibetan	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tibeto-Burman languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Sino-Tibetan languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Lao	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Thai	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Tai-Kadai languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Azerbaijani	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uyghur	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uzbek	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Turkic languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Uralic languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Estonian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Finnish	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Hungarian	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other languages, n.i.e.	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple responses	60	40	25	0.2	0.3	0.2
English and French	40	35	10	0.2	0.3	0.1
English and non-official language(s)	20	0	15	0.1	0.0	0.1
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Other language(s) used regularly at work
Total - Other language(s) used regularly at work for the population in private households aged 15 years and over who worked since January 1, 2020 - 25% sample data¹⁹⁷	24,445	12,170	12,275	100.0	100.0	100.0
None	23,895	11,890	12,000	97.8	97.7	97.8
English	80	35	45	0.3	0.3	0.4
French	330	200	135	1.3	1.6	1.1
Non-official language	130	50	85	0.5	0.4	0.7
Indigenous³⁹	15	0	10	0.1	0.0	0.1
Non-Indigenous	120	45	75	0.5	0.4	0.6
English and French	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
English, French and non-official language(s)	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Multiple non-official languages	0	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0
Place of work status
Total - Place of work status for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over - 25% sample data¹⁹⁸	20,550	10,220	10,330	100.0	100.0	100.0
Worked at home	3,110	1,430	1,685	15.1	14.0	16.3
Worked outside Canada	45	40	10	0.2	0.4	0.1
No fixed workplace address	3,225	2,465	765	15.7	24.1	7.4
Usual place of work	14,165	6,295	7,875	68.9	61.6	76.2
Commuting destination
Total - Commuting destination for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work - 25% sample data¹⁹⁹	14,165	6,295	7,875	100.0	100.0	100.0
Commute within census subdivision (CSD) of residence	7,005	2,975	4,030	49.5	47.3	51.2
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) within census division (CD) of residence	5,450	2,325	3,120	38.5	36.9	39.6
Commute to a different census subdivision (CSD) and census division (CD) within province or territory of residence	1,540	855	685	10.9	13.6	8.7
Commute to a different province or territory	165	135	35	1.2	2.1	0.4
Main mode of commuting
Total - Main mode of commuting for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰⁰	17,395	8,755	8,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Car, truck or van	14,760	7,410	7,360	84.9	84.6	85.2
Car, truck or van - as a driver	13,610	6,870	6,740	78.2	78.5	78.0
Car, truck or van - as a passenger	1,150	535	620	6.6	6.1	7.2
Public transit	425	190	240	2.4	2.2	2.8
Walked	1,045	440	605	6.0	5.0	7.0
Bicycle	580	365	220	3.3	4.2	2.5
Other method	580	360	220	3.3	4.1	2.5
Commuting duration
Total - Commuting duration for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰¹	17,395	8,755	8,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Less than 15 minutes	9,610	4,425	5,190	55.2	50.5	60.1
15 to 29 minutes	5,230	2,580	2,650	30.1	29.5	30.7
30 to 44 minutes	1,055	715	340	6.1	8.2	3.9
45 to 59 minutes	625	370	260	3.6	4.2	3.0
60 minutes and over	875	670	200	5.0	7.7	2.3
Time leaving for work
Total - Time leaving for work for the employed labour force aged 15 years and over with a usual place of work or no fixed workplace address - 25% sample data²⁰²	17,395	8,755	8,640	100.0	100.0	100.0
Between 5 a.m. and 5:59 a.m.	865	575	290	5.0	6.6	3.4
Between 6 a.m. and 6:59 a.m.	2,585	1,495	1,090	14.9	17.1	12.6
Between 7 a.m. and 7:59 a.m.	4,370	2,455	1,915	25.1	28.0	22.2
Between 8 a.m. and 8:59 a.m.	4,380	1,915	2,465	25.2	21.9	28.5
Between 9 a.m. and 11:59 a.m.	2,850	1,145	1,710	16.4	13.1	19.8
Between 12 p.m. and 4:59 a.m.	2,340	1,165	1,175	13.5	13.3	13.6
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language
Total - Eligibility for instruction in the minority official language for the population in private households born in 2003 or later - 100% data²⁰³	8,160	4,200	3,960	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	925	465	460	11.3	11.1	11.6
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	7,235	3,735	3,500	88.7	88.9	88.4
Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language for school-aged children
Total - Eligibility and instruction in the minority official language, for the population in private households born between 2003 and 2015 (inclusive) - 100% data²⁰⁴	6,180	3,215	2,965	100.0	100.0	100.0
Children eligible for instruction in the minority official language	695	355	340	11.2	11.0	11.5
Eligible children who have been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	435	205	230	7.0	6.4	7.8
Eligible children who have not been instructed in the minority official language at the primary or secondary level in Canada	260	145	115	4.2	4.5	3.9
Children not eligible for instruction in the minority official language	5,485	2,865	2,625	88.8	89.1	88.5

Symbol legend

...
not applicable
^r
revised

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

How to cite: Statistics Canada. 2023. (table). Census Profile. 2021 Census of Population. Statistics Canada Catalogue no. 98-316-X2021001. Ottawa. Released November 15, 2023.
https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/index.cfm?Lang=E (accessed June 30, 2024).

Note(s):

Total income - The sum of certain incomes (in cash and, in some circumstances, in kind) of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. The components used to calculate total income vary between:

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

After-tax income - Total income less income taxes of the statistical unit during a specified reference period. Income taxes refers to the sum of federal income taxes, provincial and territorial income taxes, less abatement where applicable. Provincial and territorial income taxes include health care premiums in certain jurisdictions. Abatement reduces the federal income taxes payable by persons residing in Quebec or in certain self-governing Yukon First Nation settlement lands.

Market income - The sum of employment income (wages, salaries and commissions, net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice), investment income, private retirement income (retirement pensions, superannuation and annuities, including those from registered retirement savings plans [RRSPs] and registered retirement income funds [RRIFs]) and other money income from market sources during the reference period. It is equivalent to total income minus government transfers. It is also referred to as income before transfers and taxes.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, this includes various benefits from new and existing federal, provincial and territorial government income programs intended to provide financial support to individuals affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health measures implemented to minimize the spread of the virus.

Employment income - All income received as wages, salaries and commissions from paid employment and net self-employment income from farm or non-farm unincorporated business and/or professional practice during the reference period.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of individuals are calculated for those with income (positive or negative).

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period. The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits;
workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

Employment Insurance (EI) benefits - All Employment Insurance (EI) benefits received during the reference period, before income tax deductions. It includes benefits for unemployment, sickness, maternity, paternity, adoption, compassionate care, work sharing, retraining, and benefits to self-employed fishers received under the federal EI Program or the Québec parental insurance plan.

The reference period for these variables is calendar year 2019. These variables are intended for comparison with their 2020 equivalent and other 2019 income variables. Income for 2019 is presented in 2020 constant dollars.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

Government transfers - All cash benefits received from federal, provincial, territorial or municipal governments during the reference period. It includes:

Old Age Security pension, Guaranteed Income Supplement, Allowance or Allowance for the Survivor;
retirement, disability and survivor benefits from Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan;
benefits from Employment Insurance and Québec parental insurance plan;
child benefits from federal and provincial programs;
social assistance benefits; - workers' compensation benefits;
Canada workers benefit (CWB);
Goods and services tax credit and harmonized sales tax credit;
other income from government sources.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of households are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Economic family structure - The combination of relatives that comprise a family. Classification on this variable considers the presence or absence of: married spouses or common-law partners; children; and other relatives. For more information, refer to the variable 'economic family structure,' Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Median income - The median income of a specified group is the amount that divides the income distribution of that group into two halves, i.e., the incomes of half of the units in that group are below the median, while those of the other half are above the median. Median incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - The average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

statistical units of social statistical programs such as persons, private households, census families and economic families;
statistical units of business statistical programs such as enterprises, companies, establishments and locations;
statistical units of farm statistical programs such as farm operator and farm family.

In the context of persons, total income refers to receipts from certain sources, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of census families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of economic families, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all of its family members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

In the context of households, total income refers to receipts from certain sources of all household members, before income taxes and deductions, during a specified reference period.

The monetary receipts included are those that tend to be of a regular and recurring nature. Receipts that are included as income are:

employment income from wages, salaries, tips, commissions and net income from self-employment (for both unincorporated farm and non-farm activities);
income from investment sources, such as dividends and interest on bonds, accounts, guaranteed investment certificates (GICs) and mutual funds;
income from employer and personal pension sources, such as private pensions and payments from annuities and registered retirement income funds (RRIFs);
other regular cash income, such as child support payments received, spousal support payments (alimony) received and scholarships;
income from government sources, such as social assistance, child benefits, Employment Insurance benefits, Old Age Security benefits, COVID-19 benefits and Canada Pension Plan and Québec Pension Plan benefits and disability income.

Receipts excluded from this income definition are:

one-time receipts, such as lottery winnings, gambling winnings, cash inheritances, lump-sum insurance settlements and tax-free savings account (TFSA) or registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) withdrawals;
capital gains because they are not by their nature regular and recurring. It is further assumed that they are more relevant to the concept of wealth than the concept of income;
employers' contributions to registered pension plans, Canada Pension Plan, Québec Pension Plan and Employment Insurance;
voluntary inter-household transfers, imputed rent, goods and services produced for barter and goods produced for own consumption.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Average income - Average income of a specified group is calculated by dividing the aggregate income of that group by the number of units in that group. Average incomes of persons not in families are calculated for all units, whether or not they had income.

Low-income status - The income situation of the statistical unit in relation to a specific low-income line in a reference year. Statistical units with income that is below the low-income line are considered to be in low income.

For the 2021 Census, the reference period for income data is the calendar year 2020, unless otherwise specified.

Prior to the 2021 Census, the LIM thresholds and the LIM low income statistics were derived and reported for the population residing outside of the territories and off reserve only. It was based on the consideration that the income, prices and expenditure patterns could be quite different in the territories and on reserve, and thus, could make the interpretation of the LIM low-income statistics difficult.

Since the 2016 Census, there were research studies that analyzed the feasibility of defining LIM thresholds that include the population living in the territories and on reserve, and examined the aspects that should be considered when interpreting low-income statistics based on this definition. With the guidance and support of such research, the 2021 Census expanded the coverage of the LIM concept to all regions in Canada, making it the only low-income concept that is applicable to the population living in the territories and on reserve.

Low-income measure, after tax (LIM-AT) - The Low-income measure, after tax, refers to a fixed percentage (50%) of median-adjusted after-tax income of private households. The household after-tax income is adjusted by an equivalence scale to take economies of scale into account. This adjustment for different household sizes reflects the fact that a household's needs increase, but at a decreasing rate, as the number of members increases.

Using data from the 2021 Census of Population, the line applicable to a household is defined as half the Canadian median of the adjusted household after-tax income multiplied by the square root of household size. The median is determined based on all persons in private households where low-income concepts are applicable. Thresholds for specific household sizes are presented in Table 2.4 Low-income measures thresholds (LIM-AT and LIM-BT) for private households of Canada, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the unadjusted after-tax income of household pertaining to a person falls below the threshold applicable to the person based on household size, the person is considered to be in low income according to LIM-AT. Since the LIM-AT threshold and household income are unique within each household, low-income status based on LIM-AT can also be reported for households.

Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT) - The Low-income cut-offs, after tax refers to an income threshold, defined using 1992 expenditure data, below which economic families or persons not in economic families would likely have devoted a larger share of their after-tax income than average to the necessities of food, shelter and clothing. More specifically, the thresholds represented income levels at which these families or persons were expected to spend 20 percentage points or more of their after-tax income than average on food, shelter and clothing. These thresholds have been adjusted to current dollars using the all-items Consumer Price Index (CPI). The LICO-AT has 35 cut-offs varying by seven family sizes and five different sizes of area of residence to account for economies of scale and potential differences in cost of living in communities of different sizes. These thresholds are presented in Table 2.5 Low-income cut-offs, after tax (LICO-AT - 1992 base) for economic families and persons not in economic families, 2020, Dictionary, Census of Population, 2021.

When the after-tax income of an economic family member or a person not in an economic family falls below the threshold applicable to the person, the person is considered to be in low income according to LICO-AT. Since the LICO-AT threshold and family income are unique within each economic family, low-income status based on LICO-AT can also be reported for economic families.

Prevalence of low income - The proportion or percentage of units whose income falls below a specified low-income line.

Date modified:: 2023-02-01

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